The Missionary Review of the World — February 1936

1936

A Korean Woman's Story Mrs. Induk Pak Making Contacts in Arabia B. D. Hakken Changing Attitudes in Iran Commodore B. Fisher George F. Zoeckler Blots on National 'Scutcheons Muriel Lester Educational Achievements in Brazil J. E. Moreland Among Head Hunters in Pagan Papua Russell W. Abel New England as a Home Mission Field Robert Watson , 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year

to Remember Obituary Notes THE REVIEW, and recently state presi-

dent of the New Jersey Haptist Wom- February 2-The Moody Bible Insti- The Rev. George A. Wilder, for an's Board of Missions, died on Detute Jubilee and centenary of the many years a missionary of the Amer- cember 22d at her home in Montclair, birth of D. L. Moody. This day ican Board (Congregational) in South N. J., at 65 years of age. Mrs. Farmer will launch the Founder's Week Africa, died on December 28th, at the was born in Kingston, N. Y., daughter home of his daughter, Mrs. Frances of a Baptist minister, was graduated Conference. from Wellesley in 1893 and for many A. Lyman, in Glen Ridge, N. J. His years has been active in church and February lO-17-International Coun- wife died a few years ago. Mr. Wilder missionary circles. She organized mis- cil of Religious Education. Chicago, was born in Natal, South Africa, in sion study classes in Montclair and Ill. 1855, son of Rev. Hyman Wilder, a has lectured and taught missions at missionary under the same Board. Northfield conferences and other gath- February 2B-World Day of Prayer. George Wilder was graduated from erings. She is survived by her hus- Phillips-Andover Academy, Williams band, William H. Farmer, four daugh- April 29-May S-National Convention, ters and one son. Y. W. C. A., Colorado Springs, Colo. Canon Andre'a" M'"ora*ka died in Tan- May I-General Conference, Meth- College and Hartford Theological odist Episcopal Church, Columbus, Seminary. He was beloved by the ganyika, Africa, on September 1st. Africans who often called him "The He was universally respected both by Ohio. Africans and Europeans, and his loss White African." will be felt throughout the C. M. S. May l2-lS-National Council of Fed- Mission. erated Church Women. Dayton, *** * '" * Ohio. Dr. Frank Mason North, Secretary Emeritus of the Board of Foreign Enid Mira Haven (Mrs. Gideon F.) May 20-24-Northern Baptist Conven- Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Draper, of the Methodist Episcopal tion. St. Louis, Mo. Church, died at his home in Madison, Mission in Japan, passed away on Oc- New Jersey, on December 17th, two tober 29th. Mrs. Draper came to May 27-General Assembly, United weeks after he had reached the ripe Japan with her husband in 1880. The Presbyterian Church of North Draper family name is associated in- delibly with the founding of the Yoko- America. Pittsburg, Kansas. age of 85 years. hama Christian Blind School, and with Mrs. Draper's National Mother's As- May 2B-General Assembly, Presby- Dr. North was a man of rich talents sociation of which she was founder terian Church in U. S. A. Syra- and wide experience. He was born in and for many years president. New York City in 1850; was gradcuse, N. Y. *** uated from Wesleyan University in July 6-12 – Twelfth World's Sunday 1872 and ordained to the ministry in Rev. Dr. John Dixon, former sec- School Convention. Oslo, Norway. the following year. After holding sev- retary for the Board of National Mis- eral pastorates he took charge of a ••• . sions of the Presbyterian Church, died FLORIDA CHAIN OF MISSION- mission church in Harlem, and later was pastor of the Calvary Church, at his home in Trenton, N. J., on De- ARY ASSEMBLIES cember 11th. New York City, and the Methodist January 2S-29-Miami. Church in Middletown, Conn. In '" '" January 2B-29-Ft. Lauderdale. 1892, Dr. North became secretary of January 29-3l-Palm Beaches. the New York City Church Extension Mrs. Elizabeth Badley Read, who February loS-Orlando. and Missionary Society, a post he held died in Delhi, India, October 11th, for twenty years. He was also editor aged fifty, was the daughter of Dr. February 2-S-Deland. of The Christian City. In 1892, he and Mrs. B. H. Badley, and sister of February S-7-Winter Haven. became corresponding secretary of the Bishop Badley of India. She was a Methodist Board of Foreign Missions lady of rare artistic and literary cul- February S-7-Lakeland. and became secretary emeritus in ture, and her articles have appeared February B-13-St. Petersburg. 1928. He was president of the Fed- in leading American periodicals. February 9-1l-Clearwater. eral Council of Churches from 1916 to February l2-l3-Bradenton. 1920. Dr. North has written many *** poems and hymns, some of which are February 13-l4-Sarasota. A. T. Polhill died recently at the February l3-14-Ft. Myers. age of 73. He was one of the "Seven" February lS-IB-Tallahassee. who in the '80's went out from Cam- bridge to China. Mr. Polhill spent widely known and sung. His wife, most of his life in western China as a Louise McCoy North, and his son, Dr. missionary of the China Inland Mis- Personal Item sion. Eric M. North, Secretary of the American Bible Society, survive him. '" * * Rev. Edward ShiIlito retired on Dr. W illiam '" H e'"nr '" Leslie, for 38 Mrs. Margaret Norton Eddy, September 25th, after twenty years mother of Sherwood and Brewer Eddy, y died September 20th. She was also of service as literary superintendent years a missionary of the American known for her own missionary-mindof the London Missionary Society. edness, and for the establishing of a Baptist Foreign Mission Society in school for missionaries' children at Kodaikanal, South India. the Belgian Congo, died on December *** 25th in St. Petersburg, Florida, at the Dr. W. C. Pearce, long identified age of 67. Dr. Leslie was born in with the Sunday school movement throughout the world, died October London, Ontario, and received his 25th, of heart failure, after address- ing a regional convention in Southern medical degree from Lake Forest Uni- California on that morning. At the time of his death he was general sec- versity. He spent most of his life in retary-emeritus of the California or- ganization and vice-president of the the heart of the cannibal country in World's Sunday School Association.

the interior of Africa and, with his (Continued on page 65.) of this Course. every wife, faced many dangers. They Young People's Society may started 275 schools in the area and converted into a School for Bible Training. Dr. Leslie was decorated by the Bel- gian Government as a Chevalier of the Royal Order of the Lion. He was given the title "Nganga Buca" (mean- Four Parts-52 Lessons. Part I. The Bible-The ing "The Doctor who Really Cures") God 01 the Bible. Part II. The Christ 01 the Bible by the natives in the Nganga District -The Holy Spirit. Part III. Man-Sin and Redemp- of the Belgian Congo where he suction. Part IV. The Church-Future Events. cessfully cured many natives of yaws Send 1Sc in stamps for current issue. and other tropical diseases. RISTIAN PUBLICATIONS. INc '" * • Mrs. Grace G. Farmer, formerly a 1502 N. Third St., H.rrisburg, Pa. member of the Editorial Council of

MISSIONARY Kellersberger of the Congo; Mrs. are doing through the pages of

REVIEW OF THE WORLD Anna P. White on "Egypt and the MISSIONARY REVIEW. I frequently New Day"; "Korea" by Mrs. Induk VOL. LIX FEB., 1936 No.2 Pak, and Home Missions by Bishop mention the magazine to friends in Publication and Business Office– Kern. They will be worth reading and different centres in England and Thl..d and Reily Sts.• Ha….lsburg. Pa. passing on to others. Wales." WATCYN M. PRICE. Editorial and Executive Office– 156 Fifth Avenue. New York City. *** Foreign Mission Board, Entered as second-class matte.. at Presbyterian Church of Wales.

Post Office. Ha..risburg. Pa., under The Student Volunteer Movement *** Act ot March 3. 1879. Wall Street, New York, the money Convention, reported in this issue, center of the world, recently puplished 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. was marked by some notable ad- Foreign Postage. 50 cents a year. in its Journal a strong endorsement Published monthly. except August. dresses, including those by Dr. Ka- All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1935. gawa of Japan, Mrs. Pak of Korea, of Christianity. "What America needs British agents – Marshall. Morgan and Scott. 12 Paternoste.. Buildings. Prof. G. Baez Camargo of Mexico, more than railway extension, western London. E. C. 1 shilling per copy. 10 shillings a yea … Mr. Sun of China, Dr. Wm. M. Vories irrigation, a low tariff, a bigger cotton MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- of Omi-Hachiman, Japan, Dr. William crop, and a larger wheat crop is a re- LISHING CO., INC. Temple, the Archbishop of York and BOARD OF DIRECTORS vival of religion. The kind that father ROBERT E. SPEER. President Dr. Richard Roberts of Toronto. and mother used to have. A religion WM. 1. CHAMBERLAIN. Vice-Pre8ident WALTER McDOUGALL. Treasurer Some of these addresses have also been that counted it good business to take DELAVAN L. PIERSON. Secretary time for family worship each morning secured and will appear, in whole or SAMUEL McCREA CAVERT right in the middle of wheat harvest. in part, in an early number of THE A religion that prompted them to quit MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD WM. B. LIPPHARD REVIEW. *** work a half hour earlier on Wednes- day so that the whole family could get ERIC M. NORTH We hope you are finding the maga- JESSE R. WILSON ready to go to prayer meeting." zine as helpful and inspiring as are A. L. WARNSHUIS some of our readers whose comments *** SAMUEL M. ZWEMER have recently come in letters: WHEN THE SLIP GETS BY "The January issue is so good that Editorial Chat The typographical error is a slippery I want THE REVIEW sent for one year thing and sly, The Annual Meeting of THE REVIEW will be held in the Assembly Room beginning with the January issue to You can hunt till you are dizzy, but it (8th floor) of 156 Fifth Avenue, New somehow will get by. York, on Thursday, February 20th, at the three addresses attached. Send 3 p. m. All friends of THE REVIEW Till the forms are off the presses it is and of Christian missions at home and the bill to me. I hope you will keep strange how still it keeps; abroad are cordially invited. There up the good work for many years." will be brief missionary addresses by It shrinks down into a corner and it Dr. Robert E. Speer and others. REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D. never stirs or peeps, Princeton, N. J. *** That typographical error, too small *** In spite of difficulties, the past year for human eyes, has been encouraging for THE REVIEW. "I have always appreciated the Till the ink is on the paper, when it The number of subscribers has in- spirit of THE REVIEW and the splendid creased and we have never had more magazine you have been able to give grows to mountain size. enthusiastic and encouraging com- us through the years. We feel it has The boss he stares with horror, then ments from our readers. Few, if any, improved with age." subscribe who do not read but many he grabs his hair and groans; read who do not subscribe. Some can- DR. CHAS. D. BONSACK. The copy reader drops his head upon not afford the price but feel that they Church of the Brethren, cannot afford to miss the reading. his hands and moans- Some subscribers write that they cir- Elgin, Ill. The remainder of the issue may be culate their copies among many friends. far and near. We recognize *** clean as clean can be, this as missionary work. But that typographical error is the "I am delighted with the January *** number of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW. only thing you see. I have not seen anything in a long -Knoxville (Ia.) Express. THE REVIEW is being promoted at time better than the article by Mrs. the Florida Chain of Missionary As- Stanley Jones." Obituary Notes semblies. Reprints of the article by Mirs. E. Stanley Jones have also been MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY. (Continued from Second Cover.) made for distribution there and else- Orlando, Fla. where. One subscriber writes that Karen Jeppe, widely known as the that article alone is "worth the price * ** of a year's subscription." friend of Armenian orphans and "THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE widows, died July 7th in Aleppo *** WORLD is unquestionably the best gen- (Syria). Her life has been described eral news magazine on missions in the by the Danish writer, Ingeborg Maria THE REVIEW is arranging to print English language. Covers the whole Sick in her book "Karen J eppe," as a a number of the addresses given at range of missionary effort at home life singularly rich and beautiful, !:he Florida Chain of Missionary As- and abroad." spent in her devotion to a "people in semblies. They will include those by distress." The Danish papers report G. Baez Camargo of Mexico; Mrs. THE CONVENTION BULLETIN OF that her institutions are to be con- THE STU DEN T VOLUNTEER tinued. Though she was a Lutheran, MOVEMENT CONVENTION, IN- the Armenian Church has given her a DIANAPOLIS. burial in the new Armenian Church in Aleppo. *** *** "THE MISSIONARY REVIEW is the best missionary paper in existence. I Mrs. Hallie Linn Hill, well-known look forward to each issue with pleas- mission study lecturer, died on No- ure. The articles, as well as the edi- vember 18th at Menominee, Michigan. torials, are well written and inspiring. For years Mrs. Hill presented in lec- I wish we had something like this in tures the current mission study books the Hindi language." of the Council of Women for Home Missions and of the Federation of REV. P. A. PENNER. Women's Boards for Foreign Missions Bethesda Leper Home, to the many summer conferences meet- ing annually in all sections of the Chompa, C. P. India. United States.

*** "Let me congratulate you most heartily on the wonderful work you [ 65 ]

TEMPLE JOHN R

For many years Chairman of the Archbishop of York Executive Committee of the Student Volunteer Movement and of the One of the foremost Christian states- World's Student Christian Federation; men in England; Oxford graduate; now Chairman of the International formerly Honorary Chaplain to the Missionary Council; President of the King; sometime president of the World's Alliance of the Y. M. C. A.; Workers' Educational Association; counsellor of students throughout the author of "Christ in His Church," world; author of "The Present Day "Thoughts on Some Problems of the Summons to the World Mission of Day," "Nature, Man, and God," etc. Christianity" and other volumes.

ROBERT E. SPEER SAMUEL M. ZWEMER Senior Secretary of the Board of For- One of the Founders of the Arabian eign Missions of the Presbyterian Mission; Editor of The Moslem Church in the U. S. A., one of the first World; author of "Across the World secretaries of the Student Volunteer of Islam," etc.; Professor of Mis- Movement; author of "The Finality sions at Princeton; formerly one of of Jesus Christ," "Christian Realities," the secretaries of the Student Volun- "Some Great Leaders in the World teer Movement and recently Secretary Movement," "Race and Race Rela- of the Near East Christian Council. tions," etc. JESSE WILSON ROBERT P. WILDER Formerly a missionary in Japan; Sec- Founder and former General Secre- retary of the Student Volunteer Movetary of the Student Volunteer Move- ment; author of "I Am a Christian," ment and missionary to India; re- etc. cently Secretary of the Near East Christian Council; author of "Christ and the Student World," etc.

TOYOHIKO KAGAWA GONZALO BAEZ CAMARGO "The' Modern Apostle of Love" in Secretary of the National Christian Japan; Christian social service worker Council of Mexico; specialist in the .and founder of Christian cooperatives ~eld of religious education; journalin Japan. Leader in great religious, Ist, author and Christian leader. political and economic movements; author of "Love, the Law of Life," "Christ and Japan," etc.

MRS. INDUK PAK MRS. ELEANOR T. CALVERLY, M.D.

A vital Christian personality from Instructor at the Kennedy School of Korea; Field Secretary of the Coop- ~issions, ~artford Seminary Foundaerative Committee on Work Among tIon; for sIxteen years a medical mis- Rural Women, Seoul; former travel- sionary to Arabia; author and lecing secretary for the Student Volun- tUrer. teer Movement.

T.Z.KOO KENNETH SCOTT LATOURETTE Christian leader of Chinese students; Professor of Missions and Orienta:l spiritual prophet of the Christian History, Yale University; formerly movement in China; kindly inter- missionary in China; author of "The preter of Western and Chinese cul- Development of China," "History of tures; former secretary of World's Christian Missions in China," etc. Christian Student Federation.

SOME SPEAKERS AND LEADERS AT THE STUDENT VOLUNTEER CONVENTION (See pages 67 to 68 and 83 to 85) REVIB ORLD VOLUME LIX AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 2 FEBRUARY, 1936 Topics of the Times STUDENT VOLUNTEERS AT some unevangelized area of China or other unoc- INDIANAPOLIS cupied field. There were present honored mis- sionaries, most of whom unfortunately had no It was an inspiring challenge to see twenty-five recognized place in the program but who contrib- hundred young men and young women, meeting uted much to intimate interviews and discussions daily for five days (December 28,1935 to January in seminar groups – men and women like Dr.

1, 1936) to consider how best to follow Christ in Thomas Moody, a Baptist veteran of the Congo; carrying out His program for the world. These Dr. and Mrs. John M. Springer, of Central Af:r:ica; were not only youth, with life before them, but Dr. Frank C. Laubach, of the Philippines; ,DrJ two thousand were selected students from four H. E. Phillips, of Egypt; Rev. Ray C. Phillips"o.t hundred and fifty advanced institutions of learn- the Transvaal, South Africa; Dr. L. s. G.MJl}erj ing in the United States and Canada. They are of Japan, and others. There were pastors anq the coming leaders-earnest, energetic and ideal- teachers, editors and authors to lead groups. of istic. Naturally they are not all well informed on from fifty to one hundred in the thirty-three daily world conditions or on the teachings and program seminars for the study of special topics.

of Christ but they came to consider prayerfully This twelfth quadrennial convention marked their personal relation to Christ and their place of the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the greatest service to mankind. Under trained lead- Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Mis- ers they r;;ought to catch the vision, inspiration and sions. It was appropriate that the founder of the power for the great task ahead. Movement, and its first secretary, Dr..Robert P.

Among the speakers were such well-known lead- Wilder, could be present to lead a seminar on ers as Dr. William Temple, Archbishop of York; "Prayer and Missions," but it is to be regretted Dr. Richard Roberts, Moderator of the United that he was given no adequate place in the gen- Church of Canada; Dr. John R. Mott, Chairman eral program. His messages still ring with power of the International Missionary Council and the and meet response in the student world.

masterful chairman of many conventions; Dr. Great changes have come in the world and in Robert E. Speer, one of the honored missionary student attitudes in the last half century. In 1886 advocates and Christian teachers of the day, has many lands and large areas were still without any attended and addressed all the previous volunteer knowledge of Christ and His Gospel; the native conventions. There were also numerous mission- churches were generally weak and not organized ary executives and teachers, such as Dr. Kenneth for advanc-e; there were practically no student S. Latourette, of Yale; Dr. John A. Mackay, of volunteers in the educational centres of America New York; Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, of Princeton, or Europe; the Mission Boards were struggling and Dr. Mills J. Taylor, of Philadelphia. Among to secure missionaries and funds for the work.

those who brought stirring testimonies from mis- The Student Volunteer Movement, started in sion lands-themselves the product of missions- Mount Hermon, Massachusetts, in 1886, was the were Prof. Baez Camargo, of Mexico; Dr. Toyo- means of arousing missionary interest in schools, hiko Kagawa, of Japan; Mrs. Induk Pak, of colleges and theological seminaries. In a year or Korea, and Dr. T. Z. Koo, of China. Students also two 2,000 students had volunteered for service brought earnest, gripping messages, including abroad and the churches responded to the chal- that of the Hartford Group, the members of lenge to support them. In the past fifty years the which are seeking a place of pioneer' service in number of sailed volunteers has grown to 14,000 [ 67]

and missionary gifts have increased over four had little or no knowledge of the Bible and spirhundred per cent. itual things. They had evidently not studied the Bible in their homes, in churches or in colleges But since the World War a great change has and universities. They lacked the background come over the attitude of youth toward the solu- and foundations for the appreciation of missiontion of world problems. The Des Moines Volun- ary themes. Consequently most of the first half teer Convention, sixteen years ago, was marked of the general program at Indianapolis was not by a revolt against the leadership of the "elder missionary but was an attempt to lay these founstatesmen." That convention was large in num- dations. The audience was the mission field rather ber but the delegates were lacking in missionary than the missionary force. Probably, on the vision and purpose and were only convinced that whole, the greatest missionary impression was a change of ideals and of leadership was needed. made on the students in some of the seminars such They rightly believed that selfishness and foolish- as those on Latin America, Moslem Lands, Unocness had involved the world in terrible war and cupied Areas, the Medical Approach, and Prayer bloodshed and they expressed their intention to and Missions. A few of the groups seemed not take control of the Church and State in an effort to be so fortunate in subjects or leaders. to bring about better conditions. The problems of international peace, social justice, racial equal- The real value of the Indianapolis Convention ity and economic betterment obscured the Chris- can only be judged by the results. There may tian foundations and ideals of spiritual service. not come from it many foreign missionaries or Many students were determined to work for re- volunteers, for the present position of the Boards forms-either with or without the help of God. and the attitude of the churches are discouraging. The whole movement may undergo a change. The Four years later, at the first Indianapolis Vol- devoted General Secretary, Jesse R. Wilson, is unteer Convention (1923-24), the youth were in leaving to take up work under the Baptist Board the saddle and turned their attention from world on the Pacific Coast. Who will be called to sucevangelism to the solution of social and economic ceed him? The early days of the Movement were problems. But while earnest and energetic, they marked by the clear leadings of God, by ceaseless were uninformed and inexperienced. They failed prayer, by devoted self-sacrifice and by a fearless to make much impression or to reach any prac- pioneering spirit. Will these be manifested in the tical conclusions. The Student Volunteer Move- students who went to Indianapolis? Have they ment seemed doomed. come to a clearer knowledge of God; have they come into closer fellowship with Christ; have At the recent Indianapolis Convention the stu- they seen a new vision of all men's need for salvadents showed their responsiveness to Christian tion? Will they return to their seminaries and idealism but with much less self-confidence and colleges to start new prayer groups and mission more reaainess to listen to experienced leaders. study circles? Will they be missionaries on the The youth at Indianapolis won all hearts by their campuses where a million students wait to be earnestness and courage. They had not much in- evangelized and brought into vital contact with terest in the past and its leaders, for their faces Christ? Will new Christian leaders and new rewere toward the future, but they were not so sure sponse to God's call come out of this convention, of their own ability to turn the world right side as they-came from the first student conference at up over night. The youth of today are sobered Mount Hermon fifty years ago? If so, the Student by the knowledge that the world is not eagerly Volunteer Movement will live and grow and will bidding for their budding talents. The great usher in a new era of world-wide Christian evanproblems of the day are recognized but are seen gelism. If not- ? to be too serious for any untried, cure-all remedy. The majority of the younger generation today are FOREIGNERS ON FOREIGN MISSIONS asking – "Whither are we drifting? Who can show us the way out? Why take life so seriously? One of the outstanding features of the forty- Why not have a good time and then snuff out the third annual meeting of the Foreign Missions Concandle?" ference of North America was the unique contri- bution made by men and women who are products But at Indianapolis the youth were of a differ- of Christian missions in other lands. Dr. Toyoent temper, or they would not have been there. hiko Kagawa, now well known throughout' the They seemed eager to know the mind of Christ world as a Japanese Christian evangelist and soand to discover their place in the program of God, cial statesman, made an eloquent plea for the more but they were largely uninformed as to the essen- than fifty million rural population of Japan. In tials of Christianity and the deepest needs of man- response the conference voted to ask the Comkind. The nucleus of theological students and the mittee of Reference and Council to undertake to children of· ministers and missionaries present stood out in contrast to the mass of delegates who

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

help raise funds for building 1,000 Christian because of the lack of prospect of their being sent. chapels (at about $280 each) in rural districts The need is great both to fill places made vacant where lay leaders will minister to Japanese Chris- by death and retirement and to advance into untian groups now without places of worship and occupied fields. There is an abundance of money unable to build their own chapels. in the home church to support the work of Christ both at home and abroad, when truly God-called, Mrs. Induk Pak, the captivating Korean field 8Jdequately-prepared and spirit-filled volunteers secretary of the Christian Cooperative Committee are ready to go and when Christians at home are on work for Rural Women in Chosen (whose ad- aroused to the need, the privilege and responsidress at Indianapolis appears in this issue), spoke bility of Christian stewardship. impressively of the great need for helping Korean women to solve their economic problems while at Among the present trends in the thought of the same time they are led out into spiritual life Christian leaders at home is the greater emphasis and freedom through Jesus Christ. on the need for spiritual awakening and reeduca- tion of the churches at home in the teachings and Prof. Gonzalo Baez Camargo, a product of evan- program of Christ. Another topic always uppergelical missions and now secretary of the National most in modern mission councils is: How churches Council of Evangelical Churches in Mexico, spoke on the mission fields may be strengthened so that with power on the "upbuilding of the Evangelical they may carryon with decreased support and Church" under the present difficulties that mark oversight from America and Europe. It is evipolitical and religious activities in that country. dent that these churches must depend on the He told of the hardships and blessings that have guidance of the Spirit of God and Biblical ideals come to the Evangelical churches through the for their national development, without seeking necessity of standing on their own feet, being de- to perpetuate Occidental characteristics and diprived of help from foreign missionaries. visions. Unoccupied fields and rural popUlations are receiving more attention today, having been Mr. T. H. Sun of China, the Christian editor of too long neglected while institutional work has The Christian Farmer, made an effective plea for been developed in large centers. the rural populations of his country where there are over 300,000,000 tillers of the soil. He urged Over three hundred delegates and visitors reptheir need not only for the Gospel of Christ, but resenting sixty-nine Mission Boards were regisalso for Rural Reconstruction to teach them im- tered at this Foreign Missions Conference,. of proved methods of farming, literacy, sanitation which Dr. John R. Mott was chairman. The chairand better homes to help make strong Christian man elected for the 1937 conference is Dr. Robert communities and churches. E. Speer who is due next year to retire as secre- tary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Mis- These four representatives of the growing sions, a position he has occupied since 1891 when Chris-tian churches in the mission fields were he was called from his studies in Princeton Thethemselves an unanswerable argument in favor ological Seminary. of taking the Gospel of Christ into all the world and offered great reason for encouragement in the STIRRINGS AMONG INDIAN future of Christianity in those lands. UNTOUCHABLES Another feature of the Asbury Park Conference Dr. Ambedkar, of India, declares that the (January 8 to 10) was the optimism shown by the wrongs of the "outcastes" can no longer be tolerrepresentatives of the Foreign Mission Boards ated. In response some factors in India's reliin the face of present difficulties. Dr. John R. gious revolution are pointed out by the editor of Mott, who has attended most of the conferences Dnyanodaya, Dr. J. F. Edwards, of Poona. He from the first, voiced the belief that the depression says: "First: The widely respected Congress and recession in foreign missionary interest and president says that it is because India still treats giving have struck bottom and the period of ad- so many of her own people as Untouchable that vance has again begun. The lessons learned, and the other nations of the world treat India as an the changes that should be made in the mission- Untouchable. ary program were not clearly stated but there is today a growing conviction that evangelism must "Second: This latest development in India's rebe stressed in all departments of the work abroad ligious revolution has been set in motion by the and that the Church at home must be spiritually redoubtable Ambedkar, largely owing to the new awakened. A committee has been appointed to Indian Constitution which despite all its defects arrange for another United Missionary Campaign has given the vote to sixteen per cent of Indian in North America to arouse the churches to population instead of only three per cent pregreater missionary interest and more intelligent viously, and is already quickening the democratic and unselfish missionary giving. Volunteers for consciousness of India's depressed and oppressed missionary work abroad are today discouraged

classes to such an extent that they have made this work or the department in which a missionary is dramatic protest against being trodden any longer active but whether the burning motive of love to underfoot. Christ and the aim to lead others to acknowledge "Third: Dr. Ambedkar is believed to be plan- Him is the chief impelling motive in all life and ning an All-India Conference of Depressed Classes work. This is the foundation of all Christian at which Untouchables shall themselves decide all missionary work and is essential for all missionthe issues involved, including their future religion. ary workers. Every qualification that can be added is or should be so much gain. Some seem "Fourth: Dr. Ambedkar is understood to re- to lose sight of one or the other of these facts. gard himself largely as an atheist. Many illustrations can be cited to show the ef- "These four facts mean that two of India's fectiveness of every kind of mission work-when greatest needs today are clear Christian teaching based on and permeated with Christlike love for regarding the nature of .true spiritual religion, souls and an intelligent spirit of evangelism. The and, above all, the daily exemplification of it in following two letters are samples: Christ-like living. In this way the humblest Indian Christian can play a mighty part in the task Miss Susannah M. Riker, who is working among of building the new India." the students of Wilmina Girls' School at Osaka, writes: The depressed Untouchable classes are threatening to leave Hinduism and join any religion that I know that some people rather disparage schools as will welcome them without distinction as to social mission work, in this day and age. But I think that is a standing. This will be a great boon to the Out- very mistaken view. I can make more contacts through our 800 or 900 girls than I can possibly make in any other castes who are still debarred from Hindu temples. way. Just that teaching plus interest in each girl brings The Moslems, Sikhs, Arya Somajists and Bud- wonderful things to the surface. A personal radiance or dhists have already made advances to these out- perhaps just a friendly word or two when an opportunity caste Hindus who number some 70,000,000 people offers, brings into being a feeling of intimacy which leads and would bring great political prestige to any a girl to Christ and a life of radiance. And through the girls we contact the whole family. As an example, re- party they join. Christians would welcome them, cently when church was over a friend of mine brought a not en masse, but only on the basis of personal re- woman to introduce her. She was the mother of a girl generation and acceptance of Christ, with a knowl- whom I had taught last year, and she had come in contact edge of what that involves. Many Hindus (Sana- with Christianity through her daughter. She had brought her son, also, and the next Sunday the whole family were talists) would be glad to have Untouchables with- there. They live far out in the country and must come in draw as the vested interests of some Hindu by train, but they were very happy to be able to come.

temples have suffered as a result of the demand Silliman University at Dumaguete in the that Untouchables be permitted to enter. On the Philippines is another example of the Christian other hand, however, Hindus do not wish to lose influence that can be exerted in educational mispolitical power by the loss of numbers counted as sion work. Dr. Roy H. Brown, the President of Hindus. One Hindu Shan Karacharya, Dr. Kurt the University, writes: Koti, has suggested the mass "conversion" of Untouchables to a new Hindu sect of Harijans, equal Think of the opportunity we have this year of touching 1,033 lives! (On a recent Decision Day sixty-five of the to other Hindus. Others suggest that the Na- students confessed Christ.) These are from all districts tional Indian Cong~ess be given the power to in the Philippines. Some of them are teachers. abolish "untouchability" by legal enactments. Such a step is unlikely as it involves religious mat- One cannot get the vision by a hasty visit to Silliman, ters. Mahatma Gandhi declares that "untouch- nor can he get it by staying only on the campus. . He must go through the Visayas and other parts of the Philip- pines encountering former students and graduates. Just ability is on its last legs." Evidently the great recently I was in Cebu. We organized a very enthusiastic barrier to social progress in India-so long con- chapter of former Silliman students, and that was very encouraging and helpful. But what filled me with satissidered impregnable-is rapidly weakening. faction was the work our graduates are doing in the stu- dent church and in the dialect church. I assisted at a cot- SPIRITUAL DIVIDENDS IN EDUCATION tage prayer meeting where about thirty were gathered; they had been meeting regularly for nearly a year. The Any way that is effective in leading men to ac- leader was a Silliman boy. His prayer and remarks filled cept Christ as their divine Lord and Saviour, and me with thanksgiving that God had used Silliman to preto follow His Way of Life, is a good way. Doc- pare not only this young man but over a score in Cebu tors can be as good evangelists as preachers-or for active work for Christ. . . . better. Teachers can make use of their contacts The Manila churches are officered largely by Silliman alumni and men who have come directly under the Gospel with pupils and their homes to give the Gospel by influence while at Silliman. It would make a long roll of honor if I should put down the names and the positions word and life. Industrial and social workers, they are occupying in the Christian life of Manila, thus edi.tors and administrators can do the same. The influencing not only that great city but also reaching thouchief thing to be considered is not the type of sands who are studying and passing through Manila.

IRAN, WITH BROAD STREETS AND

Changing Attitudes in Iran By COMMODORE B. FISHER, Hamadan, Persia Missionary of the Pl'esbyterialt Church, U. S. A.

THERE is a ferment at work in the world to- theless, the modern spirit is ceaselessly pressing day. In Persia this culminated (or shall we in upon the old. say really began?) on March 21, 1935, with an announcement changing the name of old Persia An intense spirit of nationalism, patriotism to to modern Iran. This is indicative of numerous a high degree, characterizes the sentiments and other changes that are taking place among these actions of most of the people in these days. Ten "Aryans" on the Iranian plateau lying between years ago the typical schoolboy oration extolled the glories of the golden age of Cyrus and Darius, Turkey and Afghanistan, Russia and Iraq. Dur- lamented the low estate to which the country had ing the past decade a stagnant civilization of fallen and ended with an exhortation to observe veiled women and turbanned men, winding slowly the men of the West, learn of them and follow in through the narrow streets of old Persia, has been their footsteps. Patriotism has changed much of giving way to a faster moving procession of young this. Today the boys vie with one another in men and women following Paris fashions along patriotic fervor, praise the language and culture the main streets that have been cut through the of old Persia (Iran) and point out the weaknesses picturesque cities of long ago. To be sure, the of Western civilization' with its attendant evils, change is not yet complete, high walls and wind- colonial exploitation, the crime wave, the factory ing streets, donkeys and camels, samovars and system, unemployment and increasing expendi- dark harems, old bazaars and veiled ladies shrilly tures for armament. bargaining therein are still to be found. Never- This patriotic zeal is partly a result of pride in [71 ]

the recent progress in Iran and partly a result of complacently the backward conditions under disillusionment during a period of depression. A which they have grown up. They feel a sense of definite change of attitude dates from May 10, partnership in their country and their eyes have 1928, when the capitulations were abolished. A been opened to larger things than old-fashioned still more marked change followed the abrupt can- village life. Racial and religious discrimination cellation of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company's con- is being diminished. Jewish boys are sent out to cession on November 29, 1932. On that occasion bring in Moslem conscripts and they all may live there were fireworks and general celebrations in together in the village mosque. In these ways even the army is helping to break down religious prejudice as it plants seeds of unrest in the hearts of young villagers.

The schoolroom and laboratory are also doing their part in effecting changed attitudes. Many Moslems still believe that the earth is fixed and does not revolve upon its axis. They fanatically oppose all non-Moslems, consider them unclean in- fidels and refuse them admission to the mosque.

The Moslem teacher of physics in the government school must have desired to change a number of misconceptions this spring when he took his class of Moslem, Jewish and Armenian boys into the sacred mosque, suspended a pendulum from the EVEN QUEEN ESTHER'S TOMB HAS BEEN MODERNIZED dome and by the gradual change in the movement of the pendulum proved that the earth does move.

all parts of the country. The dispute was sub- Different nationalities are learning to work and mitted to the League of Nations which sent British play together primarily as young Iranians. This representatives of the company to Iran to nego- play is now directed by an American specialist tiate a new treaty far more favorable to Iran. employed by the Department of Education. Boys This sense of power, of having defied the might of who were embarrassed or too modest to wear the the British Empire, did much to stir up the latent long-sleeved uniforms a few years ago are now fires of patriotism in Iran. adopting the abbreviated athletic uniforms of the West because they are better suited to active play. All apparent lack of confidence, initiative or Such are some of the conflicts and changing attiabilIty which retarded the development of or- tudes being wrought by modern education in Iran. ganizations in old Persia is rapidly giving way to enthusiastic efforts at indigenous organization in modern Iran. The National Bank, now oper- ated largely by Iranians, has taken over the right of banknote issue from the Imperial BaRk of Per- sia and has opened numerous branches through,· out the country. An almost prohibitive tariff keeps down excessive expenditures on imported luxuries while domestic soaps, shoes, socks and clothing are being supplied in larger and larger quantities. The railroad is being pushed to com- pletion through Teheran, the capital, joining thp.

Caspian Sea and the Persian Gulf on which is the beginning of an Italian-built navy. Such develop- ments in modern Iran arouse still further a sense of independence and pride. SOME MODERNIZED IRANIAN STUDENTS Modern Iran requires two years' military serv- ice of every able-bodied young man without de- In keeping with the spirit of the day many of pendents. Even though the pay is only fifty cents the principal streets are being renamed and our a month the young men are rendering this service schools have all chosen Iranian names. Three less reluctantly, looking upon it as an opportunity years ago all citizens of Iran were forbidden to to see something of their country and to attend a attend foreign primary schools. The mission has kind of boarding school at government expense. not interpreted the order as an indication of hos- Never again will those who are being taken out tile opposition but rather as a policy arising out of their narrow circle of village life accept so of the reasonable conviction that native schools

CHANGING ATTITUDES IN IRAN

could better instill a spirit of patriotism than The fast is another religious practice of almost could foreign schools. In a spirit of cooperation thirteen hundred years' standing. For one whole it is well to "render unto Cresar the things that month from new moon till new moon, from dawn are Cresar's," in order that men may be brought till dusk, food and drink are strictly forbidden. to "render unto God the things that are GQd's." To many, however, the nightly feasts are ample compensation for the hardships of the day, espe- Some of the more fundamental reforms touch cially since the hours of labor and school schedules age-long religious practices. For more than a have always been upset in order that night may thousand years the Shiahs have mourned the de- be turned into day. Schoolwork was practically feat and death of their martyrs, Hosein and Has- at a standstill, short sessions began late in the san, during the month of Moharam, culminating day and were soon completed. This year, howin mourning processions of frenzied followers of ever, in modern Iran official orders were issued the prophet. Clad in sackcloth and ashes, chant- forbidding any change in schedule during the ing dirges and beating their breasts, flagellants PREPARING TO SERVE NEW IRAN-GRADUATING CLASS OF A CHRISTIAN COLLEGE beating their backs with chains and the more zeal- month of Ramazan. Regular work was not disous striking their gory foreheads with broad- rupted, less time could be given to the night's swords, small boys on horseback and water-car- feasts and at the noon recess opportunity was riers everywhere, these great processions have given to those who wanted to go home for lunch. continued to reenact this great miracle play of In this way religious practices are becoming more Islam. This year the processions were strictly and more a matter of conviction and less and less forbidden, and in modern Iran, even as in the a matter of conforming to general custom. Saner time of the Medes and Persians, orders are given attitudes are taking the place of blind adherence to be obeyed. Thus passed one of the Shiah cus- to fanatical practices. toms with but few of the educated young people to lament its passing. In contrast, earlier in the The adoption of the Western or "international" year great multitudes assembled along the streets hat is perhaps the most noticeable change in Iran. of the city to see the first "carnival of joy"-floats Since men first began to wear hats the Oriental and clowns depicting the recent progress of Iran. has considered it disrespectful to uncover his head Only a "Miss Iran" as queen of the carnival was in one's presence, hence at formal gatherings and lacking in modern Iran in 1935! at worship no hats were removed. Since the Mos- lem prayer requires touching the forehead to the

ground the brimless fez has remained a distinc- of thought from the young people in the United tive badge. For more than a year certain groups States. Such changes in customs and costumes, have been removing their hats and on June 14th however, are effecting vital changes in attitudes the governor attended our girls' school commence- and convictions. ment and ordered all men to remove their hats. One week later most of the officials attended our Young men from the schools, from the army boys' school commencement wearing regular hats and from the universities of Europe are returning and one month later policemen began to destroy to their homes to add to the ferment that has alall fezzes. ready begun. Customs and practices of the West as well as those of old Persia are viewed with The removal of the veil is being accomplished critical eyes. The old decadent national spirit more gradually by an order forbidding the enrol- along with religious and social practices as well ment in any school of any girl wearing a veil. as hats, veils and city streets are all undergoing The young people in Iran are no longer so very rapid change. different in appearance, interests, desires or mode What a challenge we face today!

.Religious Changes in Iran By the REV. GEORGEF. ZOECKLER, J;..- Daulatiibiid-Malayis SINCE the World War a new creed, National- no reality; and that there is no further need for ism, has appeared that, in some sections, has either God or religion. well nigh or altogether supplanted revealed religion. This seems to be the present situation No doubt much of the retarded development of in Iran. One who has lived in the country for the people of Iran is one effect of the mass of traany length of time realizes the need that has too dition and superstition that has grown up about long existed for some force that could consolidate their religion, Islam, and has become a part of it. all the elements in the Iranian nation-its varied These traditions and superstitions are now being tribes, races, languages and social elements, in attacked and in some particulars the Government order that a strong government may be estab- program cuts directly across them. For example lished on a firm basis, and so that the material the program for the changing and beautifying of progress the country is making under His Maj- the cities of the land frequently involves the transesty, Reza Shah Pahlavi, may be appreciated by formation of sacred burying grounds into public the entire nation. There is good reason to praise gardens. the effort that is being put forth to develop a spirit that will help the people to recognize all classes The nationalistic spirit in its operation goes and races as integral parts of the kingdom, and even deeper and does more than to affect the exto instil into the lives of the people a spirit of ternals of life. This is exactly what it is intended loyal, active patriotism. to do. There was little in the life of the people, private or public, that did not come under the Nevertheless, one cannot but wonder what the various categories of their religion. Legal proultimate results will be of the program upon which cedure, governmental functions, social sanctions, the Government has entered and the consequent education, were all looked upon as integral parts changes which have come into the life of the peo- of Islam, and the religious leaders claimed for ple. One does not fear so much for the material themselves these prerogatives. Before the inchanges themselves, for these may mean real im- auguration of the new legal code, legal procedure, provement in the material condition of the masses; which confined itself to the provisions of the but one wonders how rapidly it will be possible Shariat, and its interpretation by the Mujtahideen, for the masses to assimilate all that these changes was administered by these same Mujtahideen and involve, and what effect they will have upon their their coterie. Deeds of sale, contracts of all kinds, spiritual character. Iran, in these particulars, is including marriage contracts, divorce, and all no different from other nations and peoples. Such other legal documents, were executed by those who rapid material changes tend to produce the belief were theoretically the religious and spiritual leadthat religion has failed; that the spiritual life has ers of the people. But now, through the estab- lishment by the Government of courts of justice

RELIGIOUS CHANGES IN IRAN

and departments for the registration of contracts, a marked decrease in the number of Iranian Mosthe religious leaders have been relieved of the lems undertaking the pilgrimages to Mecca and functions which they formerly exercised. Kerbela. This is due in part to restrictions on exchange and travel for Iranians outside of the Religious Leaders and Observances bounds of the country. At the same time there has been a marked increase in the number of pilgrims Prior to the assumption of these functions on to the Qom and Meshhed shrines which are within the part of the Government, there had appeared the country. Better roads and automobile transa growing distrust of the religious leaders and port are, no doubt, largely responsible for this. much of the retarded development of the people While there are those who make these pilgrimages was laid at their doors. Several years ago the from religious zeal, there are also many who make Government set out to clear up the situation that these excursions more from the desire to see other existed in the ranks of the religious leaders. parts of Iran. Their number had become so great and many were so obviously unfit for their calling that the Gov- The net result of these changes, as they affect ernment inaugurated special examinations to the spiritual side of life seems to be a marked which this extensive group was subjected. Many trend toward agnosticism, irreligion and atheism. who had been wearing clerical robes, realizing the While many cling to the Moslem faith, there is a futility of even trying for the examinations, did marked tendency among them toward a more libnot appear for them, while a large number who eral interpretation of their religion and its pracdid try were rejected; both of these classes were tices, so that there seems to be lacking that incompelled to withdraw from the clerical ranks. tense fanaticism that was so much in evidence Thus the Mullahs have been reduced so that today not so long ago. However, even among the more there are probably not more than twenty-five per educated and progressive where the tendency tocent of the former number. And those who re- ward irreligion has been most marked, one finds main are, in the main, ill equipped to meet the at times those who have become convinced that spiritual needs of the people; and stripped of material advances are not in themselves sufficient their former powers they hold no real influence to change the people into a new nation, but that a over the masses who are left very largely without spiritual basis must be sought to stabilize the maspiritual guidance at a time when they are most terial advance. in need of it. Effect on Christian Work Many of the religious exercises of the people have felt the impact of the changes that are tak- Nationalism, and the changes it has brought in ing place. The Shiah Moslems have always laid the religious life of the people, cannot but have great emphasis on the sufferings and martyrdom very definite effects upon Christian mission work. of the Imam Hosein on the field of Kerbela, and Let us note the effect on the definitely evangelistic the months of Moharram and Safar-especially work and the development of a national Christian the first ten days-have been set aside to com- Church. memorate this event. The processions during these days, accompanied by wailings and beatings Until recently the Government of Iran gave of breasts, by castigations and flagellations and legal recognition to but one religious faith, Islam. mutilations, are well known to all who are ac- Latterly it has given recognition to four religious quainted with Shiah Moslem customs. These faiths: Islam, ChristianUy, Judaism and Zoroaspractices, which meant so much to devout Mos- trianism. It would seem at first that this change lems, have been curtailed by Government order, would free the evangelistic program from some of almost to the point of extinction. the restrictions under which it has been conduct- ed, but due to other elements that enter into the The fast in the month of Ramazan, which was nationalistic program, this is not the case. Jp the formerly so rigorously observed and enforced that past, though Islam was undisputedly dominant in even non-Moslems were compelled to refrain from the land, the missionary evangelist was free to eating in public, is being less and less observed travel in practically any part of the country. today. It is not uncommon to see even Moslems Medico-evangelistic itineration was a common and eating in public during the month of Ramazan. fruitful method. But today through the limita- Government office hours and the hours of school tions made with regard to foreigners practicing sessions, which formerly were tempered to the medicine in Iran, the activities of the missionary occasion, are now retained without any change. physician and surgeon are materially circum- scribed. On the other hand, the Government's The prescribed prayers, five times a day, which effort to consolidate its work has brought legislaare incumbent on every Moslem, are not so strictly tion against political and religious propaganda observed by Iranian Moslems; and the same is which frequently hampers the evangelist. The true of other practices of their religion. There is

enforcement of regulations is often dependent strong effort has been put forth to effect a national upon the attitude of local officials and their inter- consolidation of the churches; and while this has pretation of a specific order, or their attitude to- not been possible on a national scale because the ward a particular individual. Islam is still churches in the south are under the Church Mis~ guarded, and it is now a misdemeanor to speak sionary Society and those in the north are Presdisparagingly about Islam or Mohammed. byterian in government, it has been possible to effect a union of the churches in the north. It is For some time there has been a shifting of em- too early to speak of accomplishments in this new phasis in the Christian approach to Moslems. Not union, but one can cite examples of work that many years ago the accepted method was that of some of the churches in the Union are already controversy and the literature employed was undertaking. In the Rezaieh (Urumia) district largely controvertial. An effort was made, by the missionary forces were withdrawn some logical proof, to establish the truth of Christianity twenty months ago at the request of the Governas against the fallacy of Islam, and to exalt Christ ment. Before the World War the churches in this by pointing out faults in Mohammed. Today this area had attained a promising degree of independmethod is entirely abandoned and in its place is ence but only a small fraction of the members of the simple presentation of Jesus Christ in His those churches returned when peace was restored. beauty and holiness as the Lord and Saviour of But the churches were rebuilt and the services reman. The fulness and the brightness of His established. It was with some misgivings for the matchless character and its appeal to the hearts of welfare of these churches that the mission forces men, together with His ability to meet their spir- were withdrawn, but the report for this period itual needs, must win them to Him; if that cannot seems to indicate a strength in these churches that win them, surely controversy will not succeed. had hardly been foreseen.

But presenting Jesus Christ to the people of Another church is endeavoring to maintain the Iran is succeeding. Men and women are coming work of an outstation which the mission was not to know the Christ in varying degrees, and they able to keep up during these years of retrenchadmire Him and His teachings; and while, at ment. A third church is maintaining, at considertimes, they may look upon His teachings as impos- able expense to itself, two primary schools. Three sible of attainment, they are no longer content years ago, when all primary schools operated by with anything less. Not infrequently have I foreigners were discontinued, this church, desirheard it said by those who have come in touch ing that its children should still be able to get with the Gospel that if Iran would follow the Ser- their education under Christian influences, semon on the Mount it would become heaven. But cured permission and undertook to operate the even if Moslems have not yet come to know Him schools which the mission was forced to relinquish. in His fulness, they are coming to know Him; Their graduates, presenting themselves for the and as they know Him better they will come to compulsory Government examinations at the close appreciate Him-to a much larger degree also. It of the· course, have carried off high honors. is often these individuals who are effective instruments in breaking down the prejudices against These churches have also become conscious of Christ in others. each other and not infrequently they endeavor to assist one another in cases of particular stress The .National Christian Church and need. At the first meeting of the Union of the Evangelical Churches of Northern Iran the The new atUtude in Iran has also affected the moderator stressed the fact that the fundamental work of the national church. While the great ob- purpose of the organization was to make it posjective of mission work is the development of the sible for all the churches to come to a fuller muchurch, no great progress had been made toward tual understanding of their conditions so as to be this. end before the nationalistic movement began able to be of more assistance to one another. to make itself felt. Only in the region of the Rezaieh (Urumia) field had any real progress been These are a few of the religious changes seen noted, and this was before the devastations of the in 'Iran today. They reveal the great need for a World War which practically wiped out all that spiritual foundation upon which to establish those had been attained in that field. In other parts of changes; and over against this fundamental need the country, while churches had been established a growing and dev6!loping church which, though in cities, towns and villages, no organization had still weak, is alive to the situation. Alongside is brought them together into a national unit. There the mission still seeking to work in the closest cowere evidences of the nationalistic spirit in the operation with the newly-founded church. It is a church, and the mission was not averse to utilizing challenging situation ripe with opportunities, this spirit in furthering the establishment of the problems and responsibilities which call for the indigenous church. During the past few years a prayerful support of the Christian world.

Nestorian Tragedy in

THE Nestorian Assyrians in Irak fled at the the Patriarch, Mar Shimun, had to flee from Irak outbreak of the World War from their Kurd- after the massacre, he came to Geneva to plead the ish mountains to the lowland plains in Meso- cause of his people before the League. The Counpotamia, in order to escape the fate brought upon cil thereupon appointed a committee to look about the Armenians by the Turks. They confided in the for a new home for these homeless people. It com- protection of England, when Irak was mandated missioned the Nansen-Committee for Fugitives to to that country. Assyrian tribes were already liv- undertake the necessary steps, but no one wants ing in Irak, among them the Roman Catholic to receive the Assyrians. They cannot return to "Chaldeans," while the Nestorian fugitives re- Turkey, and in Irak they are scattered and quickly mained true to their ancient faith, which their die of hunger and sickness. The Syrian mandated missionaries had once carried even into China. territory cannot receive them and the same is true These Nestorian fugitives found shelter in of Persia. The Nansen Committee sent a delega- upper Irak and some of them fought under Gen- tion to Brazil, which at first seemed inclined to eral Agha Petros in the allied army. But thou- allow the fugitives to settle, but, under the in- sands were unable to get through to Irak, and fluence of a press campaign, refused them en- found their way through to Russia, to the Baltic trance. At present the Nansen Committee is try- countries, to Persia and even to southern France. ing to find a home for them in British Guiana.

The Nestorian Assyrians are under the spiritual This plan does not seem very feasible on account leadership of a patriarch, who is the national head of unfavorable climatic conditions. Australia of his people. The present patriarch, Mar Shimun, might perhaps grant refuge to these homeless is a young man of twenty-five years, who has en- fugitives in its unoccupied territory.

joyed an English education and lives now in The Assyrian people, like the Armenian, have western Europe. become the victim of political discrimination. The The Assyrians, who were unable to return to whole Christian world should take hold of the sit- Kurdistan, their ancient home, have settled in the uation or another winter will diminish their num- villages around Mosul and some are employed by bers frightfully. Christendom has an indisputable the British to guard the British airplane hangars. responsibility for the preservation of these Chris- When Irak, after gaining its independence, tian people, who have already suffered so much joined the League of Nations, the Assyrians feared for their faith in past centuries. The Swiss Evan- that their condition would be made worse, as the gelical Church Federation, as early as 1933, ap- policy of the Irak Government was to disperse pealed to the Ecumenical Council for Practical them throughout the country so as to destroy their Christianity, to use its influence with the League national and church unity. A still greater peril of Nations for a better protection of these people.

lay in the ancient antagonism between Moham- In collaboration with Dr. Keller, the head of the medans and Christians. This came to a head European Central Office for Church Relief, the about three years ago in the notorious massacre above committee is now constantly occupied with in which a thousand Assyrians were slain. these problems. It has organized an Assyrian The Assyrians are a people without home, with- subcommittee and raised subscriptions in Switzer- out protection, without help. The Geneva central land and has appealed to the Assyrian Commission office for church aid and relief has been engaged of the League. An Assyrian representative from for the last ten years in helping individual groups India, Mar Timotheus, who took part in the world of fugitives in France and Syria. The relief office conference at Stockholm applied to this great con- has also done much to procure aid for the suf- ference for help for his dying people. The Cen- ferers in Irak. Although the Government has tral Committee was able during the last two years settled the surviving widows and orphans of the to carry some relief to the fugitives in Irak, the massacred Assyrians in internment camps, there Lebanon and some other countries; but vastly are still thousands in the villages, north and east more is needed, if this frightful perishing is to be of Mosul, who live in the direct misery. Last halted. If a new home should be found for the winter there was great mortality among them, so Assyrian Christians, western Christendom should that, unless help comes soon, these people, num- become sponsor for their ancient Oriental Chris- bering about 35,000 in Irak, will disappear alto- tian church. There is great danger that this gether. dying people may need no further help either from What has been the activity of the League of the League of Nations or from Christian people.

Nations toward protecting the Assyrians? When -The Ecumenical Press Service.

[77 ]

with Moslems in Arabia*

By REV. B. D. HAKKEN, Bahrein, Persian Gulf REPETITION is a fundamental principle of prevail and whether the Gospel will ever have a pedagogy and Islam has certainly taken ad- real hearing. The unreasonable attitude, the vantage of this. When very young the child cocksure assertions, even the pitying scorn for our is sent to the Koran School where, through con- blindness to the truth of Islam, take their toll. It " stant repetition, he memorizes the Koran in whole seems that they will never turn a sympathetic ear or in part. When he is old enough to pray, the to our message and will go on forever stating the repetition of the prayers five times a day again same falsehoods, the same irrational half-truths, brings this principle to the fore and continues with the same bigoted assertions. But we know that the worshiper throughout his whole life. Ejacula- the truth will prevail.

tions, exclamations, common everyday expres- The Moslem has come to put repetition in the sions, greetings morning, noon and night, all place of thought. Simply because he has been told contain the word "Allah." Children are named a thing enough times, he believes it is true and it servants of Allah or are given the name of their is hard to get him to try to think. Logic simply prophet. Mohammed is never mentioned except does not enter into the matter. From cradle to with the formula, "Upon whom be prayers and the grave, the Moslem hears that the Koran is the peace." His unique character is continually em- word of God; therefore it is, and the man never phasized. Even the smallest things, the most min- even thinks to question. Again and again he hears ute customs of the people take their rise from the that Mohammed is the essence of all that is good example of Mohammed. in man and it does not occur to them that he is not This idea of doing and saying things again and what he is pictured.

again naturally has its effects on the work of the One time I said to some of my school boys, "It Gospel, most of which are unfavorable, but some is just possible that you are wrong and we are are favorable. Many times we have heard quoted right. It is possible that the Koran is not God's from the Koran that Christians are closer to Mos- word and that the Gospel is. It is possible that lems than any other sect! Many times we have Mohammed is not a prophet where Christ is the heard Moslems quote texts from the Koran in seal of the prophets. Have you thought of that?"

praise of Christ! Many times we have been re- The answer is illuminating: "But the Koran says ferred to as "People of the Book" and told what that he is the apostle of God." It was not for a lot of good we are doing out here! Many times these boys to question the Koran. Countless ex- we have heard Moslems confess that they love and amples can be given for again and again we are honor Christ even more than we do! led up against· the stone wall of the Koran and Then there is the unfavorable side. How many Mohammed built by the principle of repetition.

times we have heard that the Koran is the word Can this stone wall be broken down? It can of God for no one can write anything like it, no, and it is. The pedagogic principle of repetition is not even the jinns! How many times we have also at work from the standpoint of Christ. We heard that Mohammed is the seal of the prophets too, insist, and continue to insist,·that our Gospel for he came after Christ and there has been no is God's Book and is true, that Christ is the seal prophet since! Continually we hear the assertion of the prophets and the Saviour of the world. We that the Koran has replaced the Gospel. Steadily insist that He died for our sins. We insist that we hear the text quoted, "God is not begotten and His commandment of love is the only hope of man- He begetteth not," the refutation of Christ's son- kind. We insist that religion is of the spirit and ship, for they conceive of it in a physical sense. not only of outward acts. We insist that justice Possibly the text we hear quoted more than any and mercy are the greatest attributes of God as is, "They did not kill Him and they did not crucify over against the Moslem idea of power. For al- Him, but they only had His likeness." All these most half a century we have been proclaiming the and many more are definitely against the propa- God of love and the constant repetition is having gation of the Gospel. its effect. The truths of the Gospel are b.attering But we wish to note the effect of Moslem repeti- against the stone wall of Islam and although the tions. It is not only tiresome, but tiring to hear effect of this battering is still slight, yet we can these false platitudes "bandied about continually. see that something is being accomplished and we At times one wonders whether the truth will ever shall continue our work. Again and again and again we shall proclaim the unsearchable riches • Condensed from Neglected Arabia. of Christ.

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Blots on National 'Scutcheons

An Open Letter to My Friends, the Women of Japan* By MURIEL LESTER, Kingsley Hall, London 1'- Author "Ways of Praying"

~======================d N EARLY ten years ago I suffered a humilia- "Please ask this English lady, when she gets tion. I was in India standing with a friend back to London, to speak to the people there and in one of the narrow streets of Delhi, beg them to do something to help us, for we are watching the keeper of an opium shop supplying weak of will, and so long as the drugs are procur- addicts with drugs. For twenty minutes I forced able we cannot help taking them."

myself to be a witness of this Government licensed The message was translated but what could I traffic for which, as a British woman, I was par- answer, I, a nobody, a slum dweller, one among tially responsible. the millions of fellow citizens in the British Em- Passers-by, wondering what was happening, pire? I explained that I had no power except as stood silent, grave and impassive, watching us. an individual, but I promised to give their mes- One of the purchasers, mere skin and bone he sage to everyone I could reach and I would keep seemed, having exchanged his money for a few them in mind every day of my life by putting them grains of the potent powder was shuffling away in my prayers. Thenceforward it was impossible for me to bewhen my friend spoke to him. come acquiescent or complacent about imperial- "Why do you take it, grandpa?" she enquired. ism. My vow led me into all sorts of unexpected situations, to Governors in India, to officials in "Ah! Lady," he answered. "It was a bad cough London, to public meetings in England, Scotland I had. It racked my body and this medicine took and Wales. away the pain." It is with no tinge of censoriousness therefore "I can give you something better than that for that I am appealing to the people of Japan to peryour cough," she said. suade the Government policy to be altered as re- gards poisonous drugs in China. How can I blame The old man reached out his hand as she wrote you, considering that when my ancestors were down her address on a slip of paper. Other pur- waging the opium wars, yours were giving to the chasers gathered round, courteously inquiring, world a unique contribution of art, drama, archi- Indian style, who we were and what had brought tecture, ideals of self-sacrifice, courtesy, self-reus there. My friend explained that I was British straint, and loyalty for which Japan has for so and had just come from London in order to know long been noted? something of their way of life. This caused them to draw closer still. They were all attention while It is out of my steadfast love for Japan and my she explained that there were no opium shops in deep appreciation of your national characteristics London. To take drugs or to trade in them was that I venture to write this letter. against the law. They were greatly impressed by this anomaly. Their surprised scrutiny was hard There are two outstanding experiences to which to bear. I had to force myself to raise my head my mind often reverts, and never without getting and face them. Just then a new customer came satisfaction and inspiration. They are listening up, a cheery looking boy of twelve or thirteen. to the nightingale deep in an English forest glade in June and watching the Kabuki drama in Osaka. "Surely you do not take it, sonnie," exclaimed Both experiences give one a satisfaction so deep, my friend. a sense of fulfilment so real, that time almost seems to stand still, while one is experiencing their "Oh! No," he retorted with a broad grin. "I beauty. am only getting it for the baby." With this association of ideas which has en- "That's right," exclaimed one of those who riched me ever since first visiting Japan eighteen stood nearest to us, "it's useful for babies. It months ago, the new experience is doubly unwelkeeps them out of harm's way while their mothers co~e which now links Japanese drama in my are at work." mmd to a Japanese theater in the Demilitarized As the boy went off with his screw of paper a man raised his voice.

• A letter written from North China on June 12, 1935. Zone in North China. This shows obscene plays [79 ]

daily from ten o'clock in the morning, runs an il- "Do you not think these children look very lovlegal lottery in the vestibule, sells morphine and able?" asked the teacher. heroin throughout the program-all under the protection of Japanese authority. The local mag- "Indeed they are very lovable children," anistrate's order for the closure of this theater when swered the Chinese. it was in Chinese hands was effective. The local social conscience was appeased. But when Japa- "Where do you think they live?" asked the nese citizens reopened it and allied with the evil teacher. plays produced these other evils, and claimed ~x­ traterritoriality to justify ignoring the magIS- The Chinese children guessed, but none successtrate's repeated closure order, it was merely the fully. might of the Japanese military that caused these anti-social activities to be allowed free scope to "They are children of Japan," said the teacher. bring in profits. The children remembered the bombs that had suddenly begun to fall around them when they Education vs. Drugs were in church one Sunday morning. They knew how J apamise soldiers stabled their horses in their Almost every day of my stay in Japan I visited school playgrounds and made their homes miseror heard of some new school. Wherever I went, able. people seemed to be reading. Nowhere else in the "No, they cannot be. The Japanese are wicked," world have I seen street peddlers and costermon- they answered with childlike directness. gers studying books in the intervals between the The teacher encouraged the children to talk out sale of buttons, tapes, candy arid oranges. I had this problem, reminding them that they had althe privilege of meeting a woman who, long years ready pronounced them lovable: yet they were ago, was the first girl to attend school in Japan. indisputably Japanese. After discussing it for When she heard that the Government had opened some time, the children announced their concluone she insisted on her father taking her to it. sions. "It may be that the boys and girls of Japan Their journey thither took ten days. When she are lovable and only the grown-ups are wicked." arrived she found she was the only student. It was I have been interested to see how many of the not till a month later that a second and a third finest Chinese citizens, with a deep sense of spirgirl joined her. Now Nursery Schools are found itual values, have gone on from that point to exin obscure villages and great educational institu- plain to young people that even a further step tions have been set up by self-sacrificing service must be taken; they must never forget that the and generous gifts from many lovers of youth. grown-up people of Japan are good, that the evil things that are so obviously being done in Educationists who travel from Japan to China their name are not known to most of the Japanese find in that country the same reverence for edu- at home. cation, the same sort of institutions resulting from the same sort of devotion. Imagine then the shock I was delighted in Japan by the courtesy of the of finding, immediately outside the walls of Yen- people. I can never forget how the driver of my ching University, ten miles from the city of Peip- car nearly collided with another on turning a ing, a drug trafficker who had set up his poison.ous corner in Tokyo. At home there would probably business and refused .to recognize the law agamst have been some sarcasm, a little display of temper, it, quoting his status as a Japanese citizen u:?der some profanity; not so in Japan. As soon as the the protection of the Japanese Consulate at TIent- drivers clamped on the brakes, both leaped from sin. Members of the University faculty, men of their seats, swept off their hats, bowed almost to international repute, had no power against the the ground and made polite speeches to each other. evil intent of one trafficker. When representations In a moment we were continuing our journey were made to the Japanese Consulate, they ordered the drug trafficker away but allowed him to How different are Japanese manners in China! return in a week or so. I saw this man in his place On the wharf where a distinguished visitor was of business. Are students to be encouraged in about to embark, Chinese police had roped off a self-discipline and good citizenship and kept free space in the usual manner. Representatives of from commercialized temptations in Japan while many nations were waiting to give their welcome. outside your country you insist that an opposite A Japanese official came up late, could not find the set of ideas is to motivate action? point of vantage he desired so proceeded to the point which was being guarded by the- police. Are They All Wicked? They told him there was no entrance that way but he insisted in the face of the assembled company Some Chinese children in the Demilitarized crudely to push his way through. Zone were shown a photograph of Japanese children taken in one of your Nursery Schools. When I first visited Japan, I remember a Brit- ish resident of long standing describing the hon-

THE BLOTS ON NATIONAL 'SCUTCHEONS

esty of the people. If anything were lost, she de- to do so. They insisted that he produce the money clared, it was almost certain to be returned. She next day. He procured $500 but they were not herself had dropped in the street her purse with satisfied. When bayonets are brought into an arsome thirty yen in paper money which any passer- gument equity suffers; the following day $2,000 by could have kept without risk of detention. It more were extorted from him. A military reprewas returned to her next day. But in the Demili- sentative from Tientsin Consulate then came to tarized Zone of North China the poison drug shops inquire into the situation. He told the magistrate operated by Japanese and Koreans, are well to sign a statement that he had not been held known as receivers of stolen goods. They operate prisoner in his office. This he refused to do. But a pawnshop in alliance with their drug traffic so he suffered for it afterwards. that addicts are tempted to steal in order to procure their dose. There is no redress, even if one During my journeyings round the world three knows where one's stolen property has been de- institutions stand out in my memory as super-exposited. The shops are under Japanese law, not cellent. Among these is the Government Leper Chinese. Hospital and Settlement near Tokyo that Dr. Ka- gawa took me ,to see. It is so well run that not 'Loyalty vs. Injustice only are skill and technical achievement obvious even to a novice in medicine, but one cannot help Another thing that I especially appreciated in noticing a spirit of personal devotion, that has Japan was the loyalty of the individual to his sense elicited from the victims of that disease a sort of of duty. With Japanese, self-will seems to be com- happiness. pletelysubordinated to the good of the nation. Loyalty has characterized Japanese life for so Other public health work in various parts of long that even a visitor, whose total stay during Japan was memorable also but in China public both visits did not exceed eleven weeks, caught health work is being hindered through the extra something of this steadfastness of purpose. Sure- burdens laid upon the doctors and nurses in the ly this might be considered J.apan's greatest con- treatment of drug addicts who would be self-retribution to the world! Some of us in the West specting citizens if it were not for the influx of have been trying to follow the way of Jesus Christ Japanese and Korean drug traffickers. Is it credfor centuries. We have found it extremely hard itable to Japan that doctors and nurses, Chinese to be loyal to the command laid upon His followers and foreign, should have their time taken up by in no uncertain terms, "If anyone would come dealing with victims of Japanese traders? after me, let him deny himself and take up his cross daily and follow me." The cross is no orna- In the Demilitarized Zone mented symbol of gold, silver or wood. It is a symbol of death, agony, torture. Morning by I enjoyed traveling in Japan. The orderliness morning we try to face this challenge, to match and punctuality are dependable, pleasant to exour personal puny strength with the possible im- perience. The railway travel in China I have enplications of this demand. Are we willing to go joyed until now, but on my way through the Deany length, to disgrace or to death, in loyalty to militarized Zone a Japanese soldier came into the our Master and for the sake of others? It is a third-class carriage in which I was traveling. The frightfully difficult discipline for us to undergo, Chinese guard asked for his ticket. He had none but you people of Japan are already trained to do but said he was with the military. Where was it. It has been in your blood for centuries. What his ticket then, asked the conductor? He said he other race in the world is so well prepared to lead had a military pass but did not produce it. The the way in loyalty? But here in China you inter- conductor very politely informed him that in that fere with people who are trying to do their duty. case this was the wrong train for him to travel on as it was not available for the military. He an- Last summer an alert Chinese magistrate in the swered that there seemed to be plenty of room Demilitarized Zone, knowing that his authority and settled down to enjoy the journey. held sway at any rate over the Chinese in his district, arrested some Chinese employees of a J apa- While in Japan last spring I heard of the fornese drug firm when they were not on their em- ward movement to do away with the licensed ployer's premises. He confiscated the drugs they houses for prostitutes. It was a pleasure to diswere carrying and despatched the whole lot to cuss with social workers this big step forward and Tientsin. Some roughs were immediately gath- to notice how the great campaign Josephine Butered together and sent into his office to demand ler waged in the middle of the last century, when $7,000 damages for his action. He refused to pay. she stood up at the risk of her life against licensed Then Japanese troops from Lanhsien came and prostitution, was being courageously maintained ordered him to come to the barrack but he was a by her successors in Japan. Having witnessed college graduate and not easily scared; he refused

this social advance, it was disappointing to find a common weal. They encourage their country puwidespread operation of brothels by Japanese and pils to give their spare time to help the under- Koreans in the Demilitarized Zone. I saw many privileged children in their midst. Changli people such houses, some of them blatantly advertising have turned their attention to improving the local their nature not only in Chinese characters but in methods of agriculture by means of modern scilarge English lettering. ence. They are planting fruit trees with new con- fidence believing they can prevent the recurrence Trees vs. Children of pests.

When I reached Kyoto last March I found the With the setting up of the Demilitarized Zone, hills transformed. Tall gaunt tree trunks, stripped however, the traffic in poisonous drugs has been of branch and leaf stood out against the skyline, carried on with greatly enhanced profits. The witnesses €ven in death to the violence of the re- magistrate has no power to control the Japanese cent typhoon. Hour after hour I roamed up and and Koreans who have set up their "foreign firms" down the winding paths of those hills, sorry for all over the district. Changli County actually the widespread destruction and the loss of life suffers much less than other parts of the Zone, sustained. One evening I was sitting indoors with but the very fact of its civic conscience and its my Japanese friends when we heard the slow beat- nearness to Peiping makes it the most convenient ing at regular intervals of a great temple gong. place to study and report upon. According to the It was to summon people to a memorial dirge for survey carried out this month, over thirty Japathe trees. The night was still and dark. The sol- nese and Korean firms are operating, just outside emn act of mourning was celebrated simultaneous- the city walls, because ,the respectable citizens ly in town and on the pine-clad heights. within the walls will not rent premises to them. Noone has power to close these shops except the Next day, in characteristic Japanese manner, Japanese. Whenever the local authorities attempt men started efficiently to repair the damage. I to do so, they are reminded that Japanese and saw the carts passing through streets, each carry- Koreans need not obey Chinese law. Does Japaing a white robed Shinto priest and some six or nese law favor allowing young people to become eight young saplings to be planted so as to clothe drug addicts? the hills with green once more. A peculiarly unpleasant feature of this traffic But no one could restore the human loss of life. is the opening up of lotteries on the same prem- The widespread lamentation of the mothers rings ises, and pawn shops wherein those who pledge in one's ears still. "Oh! my children! Oh! my their goods are encouraged to take payment in trees! Alas for my children! Alas for my trees !" drugs rather than in cash. Both these practices are illegal according to local law but protected by In the Demilitarized Zone Chinese parents are the Japanese military. I went into the local clinic mourning for their children. Some of them can where drug addicts are treated and found most of yet be saved. Would you not have succoured them them young. long ago if you had known what was happening? But just as it was through the testimony of eye- Consider how easily one careless act-ion may witnesses that the British public had to be made lead to destruction. A dose is procurable for sevaware of the havoc of opium in India, so in Japan en sen; the ignorant purchaser is told that it will the stories about the recent influx of drugs into cure any pain; the syringe for the injection is North China were deemed false, the result of un- rented on the deferred payment system, the second friendly propaganda, until someone could go and dose will cost more, the third more still. Soon the collect trustworthy evidence. "And if you see man is helpless and his home is ruined. Very often anything bad be sure to let us know," was the in- the first dose is given free. Child addicts are by junction given me by several Japanese public men, no means unknown. people of integrity and wide experience in government, before I set sail for China. It has been suggested several times that it is dangerous to tamper with the profits of the opium Changli is a little self-respecting town of some trader. It is playing with dynamite. But it is 15,000 inhabitants. They have a well-run hospital encouraging to see how more and more people are and some excellent schools where the girls and coming to feel that it is better to die in the cause boys imbibe good citizenship as well as book learn- of humanity than in the killing of fellow human ing. The students work with their hands, build- beings. One can do a very great and lovely service ing and roadmending. I saw the girls also lend a to one's nation by removing from her name the hand in repairing the highway. taint of protecting profits rather than persons. That is what women all the world over are trying T,eachers trained in Changli go into obscure to do for their countries. Let us stand shoulder to parts of the province and carry thither the good shoulder in this. tradition of voluntary service and care for the

A Korean Woman's Story*

-<!III By MRS. INDUK PAR:, Sooul, Cho"," II ….

I T IS very significant for a woman, an Oriental, On Christmas morning my mother and I walked particularly a Korean, to be asked to speak to on the lonely snow-covered road for three miles to a representative group of young people from the church where a few groups of women and chil- the higher institutions of America and Canada. dren were gathered together singing a Christmas Having heard the wonderful speeches by the carol. I see still my mother as she stood up world-renowned teachers, my courage has almost bravely and told the people her new decision to failed. But, when I think of what Christ has follow Jesus Christ who had brought her peace.

meant to me and to my fellow women, I cannot I did not understand what it was all about but keep quiet. I must tell it to others. I was very happy to be given a yellow writing pad We have just celebrated the fiftieth anniversary and a blue pencil!

of the beginning of Christian missions in Korea. After we went back home I asked my mother The achievements within a very short period of to teach me to write and read, but she said, "My time are really great. I cannot give the statistics, daughter, I am sorry I cannot because I don't but generally speaking, the missions have helped know myself."

us to wake up intellectually, spiritually, and Under the old regime girls were not given an physically through evangelistic, educational and academic education. The homes were the schools; medical work. mothers were the teachers. The girls in their The Protestant missions came to us just at the homes were taught cooking, sewing and etiquette.

time when we needed them most. My country If the family was well-to-do, the daughters were was in the position of a charming young woman taught by private teachers to read and write the who had many lovers fighting for her beauty and Chinese classics and to paint. But my mother nobility. Korea, with a most important geograph- had no money to give them to teach me. There ical position, with beautiful scenery, good climate, were a few mission schools for girls in the big rich resources, and peace-loving people, could not cities but they were too far away.

resist the outside forces. So my mother put boy's clothes on me, changed Fifty years ago, when we were going through my name to a boy's, and took me to a boys' school.

the most crucial movement in our political life, For two years, I studied and played with the boys, Christianity brought to us the greatest hope, the climbing the trees, spinning tops, flying kites, only hope, Jesus Christ. He was and is still the jumping ropes and running races. It was possible great Friend of our women and children. No re- in those days because both boys and girls wore ligion in Korea showed us the real value of wom- long hair. On the last day of school I appeared anhood. with a girl's dress and surprised the boys! In the When I was about six years old, my father and boys' school, I realized that, after all, women are my only brother died of cholera within twenty- not inferior to men intellectually, as our men four hours. Two…;thirds of my people were gone, thought, and I determined that I was going to get including my uncles, aunts, and cousins. It seemed an education in a girls' school; but how could I?

the whole country was at the point of death. My I begged my mother to give me a dollar and fifty mother felt her loneliness in spirit, helplessness cents. She gave it to me but I don't know where in life, and hopelessness in material things. All she got it. I followed a friend of mine to Seoul she had was her little girl, negative value, not to a missionary school for girls and for the first counted by people. time I saw a missionary from America. She was One day a Christian missionary came to see my tall and good-looking; she put her arms around mother and she told her the wonderful story of me and said, "Are you here to learn? Who sent Christ. It wakened my mother's heart. It opened you ?" I ~ad paid 60 cents for my railroad fare, my mother's eyes. It gave her a new life. and had nmety cents left. When I showed this to her she looked at me and said, "What a pity it is!

• Slightly condensed from an address delivered at the Student You really want to learn?" Volunteer Missionary Convention, January 1, 1936. This and other "Yes," I said. convention addresses will appear in The Student Volunteer Conven- "Then stay here." tion Report, published at $2.00 a copy. Order from the S. V. M., 254 Fourth Ave., New York.

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She wrote to her friends in America, to a blind The large maj ority of our women are the wives poet who lived with his sister in Illinois. They of farmers. So, in order to help our rural people were very much interested in missions, and sent first of all, I thought that we must help the women.

$5.00 a month for seven years to help me with my With the help of many friends in America and education. at home, I took up this special field of work with Seventeen years later, I came to America and ,the village women. We have quite a few volun- went to see my blind poet. He took my hand in teer workers, and so we· selected many villages his and said, "I cannot see you face to face, but I near Seoul, and two by two we went to these vil- can feel and know that your eyes are opened spir- lages once a week. Usually between 20 to 40 or itually." Up to this time I learned about Jesus, 50 women gathered together under the trees if it but I did not know him personally as my Saviour. were warm, and if it grew cold we met in a large In 1919, when we had the Independence Move- house in the village or in a dugout.

ment in Korea many young men and women were First of all, we spent much of our time in learnarrested; I was one of those who was put in jail ing singing and playing games, because our peo- and was there in solitary confinement for six ple haven't realized the value of recreation. We months. Without any people to talk with, nothing have had an unbalanced program of life. Someto see and no books to read, I remembered that times we meditated too long and sometimes we Jesus said, "Man shall not live by bread alone" worked too much. And so, we tried to give our and I knew what He meant. I could go hungry women some recreation so they can have some for nine days, but I could not go on without the amusement in their lives.

words of Jesus. Besides the recreational program, we take up After I had been in jail a month a missionary practical subjects such as hygiene, sanitation, first sent me a copy of the Bible, and I grasped that aid, baby care, budgeting, dyeing, sewing, cook- copy with my two hands and started to read it ing, and how to raise silk worms, pigs, chickens, from the first page to the end. Seven times I read rabbits, cows. These practical subjects help our the New Testament in jail, and twice the Old women to make better homes and better communi- Testament. While I was meditating and mem- ties. We also tell them the wonderful stories of orizing the words of Jesus, I came to know Him Jesus. The minute when they hear those stories personally. He became a reality to me. Since their faces light up. They say: "Do you mean then I have had many trials, and I have made fail- to tell us that we women can have a place outside ure very often, but every time his Spirit has en- of our own homes, too? Do you mean to say that couraged me to move forward, His love is behind a woman can be a person, as well as a man ?" me and within me to overcome the difficulties, and Those who have experienced it can understand His peace is with me all the time. it; nobody else can. Also we teach them to read After I had this wonderful experience I could and write the Korean alphabet, because 90 out of not keep it to myself. It is a duty and a privilege every 100 women in these villages. are illiterate. to tell my fellow women some of the· experiences Then we teach them how .to earn and save some I have had so that they may know the same Christ, money. Oh, it enlightens them very, very much! and that they too may have this abundant Life. We women have been the producers as well as the Thus far the status of our women has been one men, but somehow we did not see the cash. Cash emphasizing maternal duty and feminine virtue. has been handled by the men. So we organized This was interpreted to mean absolute obedience the Cooperative Consumers Societies. Each mem- to men, contentment in an ignorant and very re- ber pays a certain amount every month, and out stricted life, and devotion to the point of self- of this fund we buy soap, petroleum, cooking oil abandonment in the service of the husband's fam- and other things at a wholesale price and sell to ily. As a mother, a woman respected her parents- the members at retail prices. At the end of the in-law and her husband and worshipped his an- year we divide the profits instead of giving the cestors. As a wife, she raised the children and profit to the middle man. Through the Coopera- disciplined them. tive Credit Society, each member saves between Every time when I come to America, nothing in- 15 and 30 cents a month. We also loan money to terests me more than to see the kindness and the members at a very low interest rate, for produc- courtesies that men show to women at home and tive purposes only, such as growing beaon sprouts in public. Having come from a country where and making bean curds and raising chickens. .

everything is centered around the man, it is a new Now, we get hold of some cash in our hands.

world to me. I don't know how you feel about it, We come to have confidence in ourselves econom- but I am sure the elevated place of Western wom- ically and we feel almost that we can get along en is due to Christ for He showed the real value without men I We also have this cooperative spirit of women as other religions never did. which we never had known before:

A KOREAN WOMAN'S STORY

Besides these village classes we have a Folk see the value of a study of the life and the teach- School for the farmers' wives. When I was going ings of Jesus Christ. Members of my group were back home from America I stopped at Denmark full of questions and keen to test the things out and visited some of their folk high schools. Those for themselves. They said, "We won't be satisschools impressed me so much that soon after my fied with talking only, we must put into practice arrival home I wrote a book on the Danish Folk what we learn." We decided to gather some High Schools, and while writing it, I kept think- money, and the individual contributions amounted ing how my people could get the similar spirit by to $100. We gave one-third to a poor farmer to which Denmark was revived. Of course the first buy a cow and two-thirds to a very young promstep was to try it. We rented the building where ising man to start a little business. This is what the Y. M. C. A. had had a Folk School for I have been doing for the last four years. farmers. We selected different women from the villages far and near; we lived together for three Five years ago, while I was traveling in Engweeks; we cooked the rice twice a day, drew water land I got lost one day going to the Swanick Conout of a· well 36 feet deep, cleaned the rooms and ference. I started early in the morning during swept the yard and had a grand time together. the Easter vacation and in the crowds I missed Instead of trying to teach them subjects, we tried the first train and got on the wrong train. To to help them catch the spirit, so that they could reach my destination I changed from train to boat live and work courageously and joyously under and boat to train and train to boat and boat to hard circuJpstances. It worked well. tube and tube to train-fourteen times. Finally I arrived at the end of the line at midnight and Now, I am going to speak of another phase of expected someone to meet me; but -nobody apmy work. I have been helping my church through peared. a choir. The church was in a poor condition. It was located in the most congested section of the I was a foreigner, a woman, all alone with two city and the people were too poor to give toward suitcases and two miles from the conference the upkeep of the building. The first job of the grounds. I did not know the road and there was choir was to clean and beautify the church, so we no way of reaching there except to walk. All I had a regular cleaning party. Seventeen young could think of was the lost sheep! The ninetymen and women scrubbed the floor, painted the nine were in the fold at Swanick but I was the one walls and stopped the leaks, and put up some beau- sheep wandering in the wilderness. All I could do tiful pictures. After that we could sing much was to pray: "Well, God, you must show me the better! Every Saturday evening, this group of way to get there or else I will have to spend the young men and women came together and prac- night here." ticed for Sunday morning services. Sometimes we gave concerts in that church and sometimes The bus driver put his bus away and saw me we broadcasted over the only radio in Korea, standing beside the road alone with two suitcases. JOBK. He came to me and asked where I was going. Then he kindly offered to walk with me. He had Besides this choir, I have had a large young one of my suitcases and I had the other. We were people's Bible class. Do you know that our young going through the mountainous road without expeople today face the most difficult things in our changing a word for half an hour. Here, I lives? I am going to give just one illustration. thought, I am following a strange man in a The pursuit of education is the most difficult thing. strange land in the dark of night. Whether I For instance, last year all the high schools for the liked it or not I had to follow him, and I was girls in Korea were choosing only 1,700 girls, and afraid. Finally I saw a faint light up the mounthere were 4,500 applications. That isn't so bad tain; someone was moving toward us. As I saw as with the boys, for in one of our Christian high the light moving nearer and nearer I was so happy schools for boys, where they had 1,000 applicants, that I hurried my steps. Finally we met and I they were choosing only 250. In some vocational found the lightbearer was my friend, who had schools, only one out of every sixteen applicants come down to find me in the dark night. I was so can be admitted. overjoyed that I just shouted. That was one of the happiest moments of my life. They reduce the numbers by means of entrance examinations even for the first grade in the gram- His lamp am I, mar school. In our city there were 6,000 appli- To shine where He shall say; cants for the first grade in the grammar school And lamps are not for sunny rooms, where they were choosing only 4,000, and so they Nor for the light of day; must choose the pupils by entrance examinations, But for dark places of the earth, just because there are not enough institutions. Where shame and wrong and crime have birth, Or where the lamp of faith grows dim, In the midst of such serious problems you can And souls are groping after Him. So may I shine, his love the flame, That men may glorify his name.

and Motion

By SAMUEL KING GAM IN THE past the problems confronting foreign Japan? The Payne Fund Inquiry on motion pic- missionaries were, more or less, problems tures in the United States showed that at least 75 created by the attitude of the natives them- per cent of the pictures concern sex and crime. selves. What worried the missionaries most were Thus the East sees America, revealed by the anti-Christian sentiments in foreign lands, espe- movies, as a nation of sex promiscuity, vice and cially in the Far East, where missionaries were crime.

looked upon as forerunners of imperialism. But Americans generally may not be disturbed by toda~ the story is different. The anti-Chris,tian the fact that the distorted pictures do not repre- movement in China, Japan, India or Korea, to a sent the "real American life." Unfortunately such great extent, has been suspended. Foreign mis- cannot be understood or imagined by the Orientals sionaries are no longer afraid of antagonism in since the majority of them have never been in spreading the Gospel of Christ. In fact, Chris- America or had any contacts with American cul- tianity is accepted and appreciated more and more ture. For them, the motion picture is perhaps the by the natives today. cheapest way, and oftentimes the only way, to However, there are new problems created as gain some education about American .life; when the old ones have died down. Strange as it may the types of American life they see are marked seem, most of the modern problems faced by mis- by killing, gambling, drinking, murdering, black- sionaries are those issues which are originated, mailing, and making love, such things are consid- not by the natives, but by the Westerners through ered "typical" and "real."

whom the missionaries were sent. One of the Many of the pictures shown in the Orient are greatest handicaps to mission activities today is not produced by the best American companies but the factor of motion pictures, the seriousness of are inferior works of art which have not succeeded which is seldom realized by Christians of the West. in America and have therefore been exported to The missionaries go to the Far East to preach China, Japan or India. These countries pay only the Gospel of Christ which brings purity, good the lowest rentals and hence cannot expect much will and peace; whereas the influence of most except the cheapest and silliest stuff.

motion pictures in Asia is to spread violence, Most missionaries agree that American movie>; crime and vice. The motion pictures are popular are the great stumblingblocks hindering the ad- with the natives and it is not an exaggeration to vancement of the Kingdom of God. The follow- say that foreign movies, within a few years in the ing statements by a missionary will perhaps give Far East, have done more to modify the ideas and a typical example: conduct of the Orientals than missionaries have Several weeks ago some of my boys invited me to go done through the past century. with them to the first talking film to come to the city. In In China, for example, there are more than 700 all innocence I went, and from first to last I was ashamed for America. The picture was the "Hollywood Revue," foreign pictures imported annually, of which about and it seemed to me the distributors had purposely cut out 90 per cent are products of Hollywood. Though all but the dirtiest parts. . . . When the climax came in the Chinese have their own productions, the Chi- the shape of a lewd dance of an almost nude woman I nese pictures compare with those of America. As could endure it no longer and left the theater. I explained one youngster remarked: "Our (Chinese) pic- to them that the "Hollywood Revue" was not America, but they only laughed. I may yet be able to make up for tures are too dried; no kissing, no embracing and that three hours of Hollywood filth but, in the name of all no killing. I like American pictures because they that is clean and pure, why does America send its worst have plenty of excitement." That, perhaps, an- to these countries!

swers the question. The American producers are American movies are counteracting the work of smart enough to have the dialogue translated into Christian missionaries in the East. Most Chinese Chinese or Japanese in order that the people may no longer feel antagonistic toward Christianity, know what the picture is about. Thus Oriental and they are inquiring whether or not the Chris- youth have become very familiar with the prin- tian life is practicable and useful. The pictures cipal Hollywood stars. they see do not show Christians in America, or The writer has been surprised to learn from anything like true Christian conduct. If the Gos- Chinese newspapers that the same pictures being pel of Jesus Christ is going to win its place among shown in America were at the same time adver- foreign peoples, especially the Orientals, a reform tised in China. But, we may ask, what do the of motion pictures in the Western world is greatly Americans see since it is the same in China or needed.

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England a Home· Mission

By the REV. ROBERT WATSON, Boston, Massachusetts Secretary of the Lord's Day League of New England V ERY few outside of New England think of The Baptists with 1,134 churches and a mem- it as a mission field – a field where the need bership of 199,892 increased 6% in that time. is greater than can be met by the local The Presbyterians with only 55 churches and churches. Surely this territory is well covered a membership of 15,462 made the second largest with old and well established churches adequate increase, 480/0 in twenty years. None of these for the demands of every community! In recent Presbyterian churches is competing with others.

years we have heard much about over-churched The United Presbyterians with 23 churches and communities, and a definite effort has been made a membership of 4,807 increased 24% in the same to federate, unite or eliminate churches in towns period.

and villages where one or more could, so far as Here let us consider another phase of this ques- numbers are concerned, provide for all the people. tion, which has evidently not yet been fully con- The Home Missions Council, in conjunction sidered by the Home Missions Council. All must with the national Boards of six outstanding de- rejoice in the friendly cooperation of Evangelical nominations, has agreed that no mission money churches genuinely seeking to secure for each shall be contributed by anyone of these Boards community full Gospel privileges. But does the church upon which is placed the full responsibility where there are more Protestant churches than for a particular community, under the present the size of the community demands. The fine plan, adequately minister to the spiritual needs of spirit of cooperation shown in this matter is most the people? Unless the church has a conscientious encouraging. It is interesting to learn that Christian minister, devoted to the spiritual welthroughout New England it was discovered that fare of the community, in the name of Christ and the number of over-churched places where mission faithfully sheperding the flock, without the stimmoney was being contributed, was almost a minus ulus of competition, the last state of that place quantity. Rural and small towns in Maine, New and people will be worse than the first. Yes, it Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island takes a great deal of time and care to secure a and Connecticut totaled less than twenty actual satisfactory answer to the above query. The incases. In the large towns and cities, the story vestigation should be entered upon promptly and may be somewhat different. Naturally coopera- conducted faithfully without fear or favor, for it tion must set free considerable sums of money to has been already agreed unto by many godly men be used in needy missionary fields. Does this in- that the spiritual life of New England has in reclude places in New England, or is it all'sent to cent years steadily declined. Perhaps no group other states? Some denominations are using has emphasized this more than our Unitarian large sums of mission funds to care for neglected brethren. fields in New England. Are these covering the entire need, or is there call for more? For at least twenty years now it has been af- firmed that more should be done in missionary The Episcopalians in New England reported effort throughout New England. Within the past 727 churches with a membership of 318,706 in seven years, a question was raised at an interde- 1934. This is the only Protestant denomination nominational conference by men from other parts in this territory which is making anything like a of the nation. A clergyman from New York satisfactory growth; it advanced 1500/0 in twenty turned to his neighbor on the right, an outstandyears. ing pastor in a strong denomination, not Presby- terian, and inquired-"What denomination do you The Congregational-Christian group, with 1,487 think can best meet the critical needs of this time churches and a membership of 342,712, made a in New England?" The reply was immediate- "The Presbyterian." The questioner replied: "I 22 % gain in the same period.

The Methodists with 1,162 churches and a mem- bership of 212,357 also gained 22 % in the twenty am greatly surprised to hear that. Why do you years. make such a statement?"

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"Fior three reasons" was the answer; "first, In New Hampshire, the need is of a different because the Presbyterian church has an adequate character. While few places are without a church doctrinal basis; second, because it has stability or pastor, in many instances the people' are dis- through its polity; third, because it has the Evan- couraged and pastors are financially handicapped.

gelical fervor." Under the blessing of G~d the backing of the This is the sincere judgment of one man. How Mission Boards with money and a modicum of supervision in the Spirit of Christ should speedily many would agree with him we do not know. At the present time the Presbyterian church is work wonders. one of the smallest bodies in New England, due In Vermont, the same need exists to quicken and strengthen churches, and there are from 40 to the fact that, many years ago, when the doc- to 50 towns where there is a real dearth. One trinal standards were the same, an agreement to small town of about 60 families, visited recently avoid overlapping was made with the Congrega- by a minister and his wife, has a church building tionalists. At that time a number of Presby- owned by the people. Every home was visited terian churches were turned over to the Congre- and considerable interest was manifested. A gational group. A union of United Presbyterian Sunday evening service has been started with an and Presbyterian U. S. A. congregations, scattered throughout this area, is very desirable today, attendance of about 40; a group of women was irrespective of any plan for a national union of organized, and they have arranged a week-day these two bodies. Such a union would mean a meeting when a strong speaker from the state great gain in the understanding of strangers, a capital will bring a message to the men. A Junior conserving of money for advance work, and a far Christian Endeavor Society, with a capable wom- an superintendent, of 21 children, from 7 to 14 more effective Church of Christ. is already functioning, and at least 30 young peo- Ninety-three Towns Without Churches ple are asking to be organized into a Christian In the summer of 1933, the American Tract Endeavor Society. Multiply that in 50 commu- Society sent an ordained minister into Maine for nities in Vermont, and what would it mean to the three months, to distribute Christian literature, future of that state, to the life of our nation and sell books, conduct religious services, and secure to the Church of Christ? definite information about religious conditions. He found many places entirely without religious In Massachusetts, the great need is to reach the services. One field, with a church property which foreign-speaking peoples in large manufacturing had cost $60,000, gave him a call which he ac- centres. This should be done by encouraging and cepted (although without any guarantee as to equipping the organized churches so that the people salary). Since then new members have been can seriously undertake that task. But Protestant added, and the cause of Christ has made speedy churches are combining, or in a few cases, are goprogress, although great financial sacrifice is nec- ing out of existence. The Roman Catholic Church essary to carryon the work. This pastor recently seems alive to the opportunities, for it is expandreported that 93 towns in Maine are without ing steadily. In Boston, within the past few church services, and 131 towns are inadequately months, they have bought a beautiful Protestant church, erected at a cost of $750,000 less than churched. He says: "Any denomination with vis- ten years ago. In that neighborhood there is a ion enough to expend $5,000.00 could open 15 real o~portunity for an Evangelical church, and churches in one year, and man those churches so such a work could have been undertaken in 1934 that, with help from the people, the work would had a few extra thousand dollars been available.

go on." In Rhode Island there are sections so crowded Another pastor writes that great benefit would with unreached foreign-speaking people that the result from an expenditure of $5,000.00 a year for English-speaking congregations cannot long con- several years to make it possible to send a group tinue unless they combine into larger parishes, of able consecrated, Evangelical students into the with an adequate staff to seriously undertake the state for 15 weeks of the summer, to teach and task of evangelizing and educating those es- preach, organize Sunday schools and revive dead tranged from every church. Several colporteurs, churches. During the winter two or three men a Sunday school missionary, and a pastor evan- could continue the work, and by the next spring gelist could work wonders under God in this small several fields would be ready to seek stated sup- compact state. In addition, a small fund would plies or pastors. In this way, in a period of about prove of great value to tide over a hard year or 10 years, a large number of these neglected fields aid in making necessary repairs to struggling would be permanently supplied with church churches.

privileges. In Connecticut, we think of well organized com-

THE NEED FOR MORE FAITH

munities ministered to by faithful pastors and ca- enced teacher and expounder of the Word of God, pable preachers. Yet one well-known pastor in and marvelous results would follow. that state affirms that with a few thousand dollars a year for ten years, there could be added to his Yes, New England is a home mission field todenomination, one active Evangelical church per day, and to meet the imperative needs require year. If we could place a wooing evangelist, with men and money. Men are available and a few fara song leader, in Connecticut for a few years, he sighted Christians could supply the money do it could do more than any other type of missionary. without much sacrifice. The result promises to be Add to his work, a strong, sound, sensible, experi- an hundredfold in this life and in the world to come, life everlasting, to an increased multitude.

The Need for More Faith* By ROLAND ALLEN Author of "Missionary Methods-St. Paul's or Ours," etc.

OUR Missions to non-Christians are rooted But when we look at the facts the non-Christian and grounded in faith in God and in the missionaries appear to have a stronger faith in power of the Gospel of Christ. Could men the power of their truth than the Christian. The conceivably go abroad to preach a Gospel which first Buddhists to preach in China certainly had a they did not believe to be Good News for them- great faith in the doctrine which they taught. selves, which they did not believe to be Good News They were so persuaded that their doctrine and for those to whom they went? Do not our mis- the rites in which it was expressed were so good sionary histories and biographies proclaim on that those who received them would not only hold every page the power of faith to move mountains them but pass them on to others. From the very of prejudice and difficulty? Is not faith in our beginning the monasteries were ruled by Chinese, Lord Jesus Christ the very foundation of all mis- the rites were performed by Chinese, the doctrine sionary activity? If that faith were removed was taught by Chinese. There was no attempt would not missionary work fall as a factory chim- made to provide them with support, or directIOn, ney falls when its base has been undermined? from any outside source. The doctrine stood And yet modern missions present a very strange simply in the faith of those who received it. Budappearance when we look at them as illustrations dhism was persecuted, was encouraged, was conof faith in Christ. demned; it flourished, it degenerated; but it never ceased to be Buddhism. It won to its allegiance All religious missions are rooted in some form millions of Chinese, and it remains today strongly of faith, not only Christian missions. Every hon- entrenched in the minds of millions as the true est man who seeks to impart a religious truth to way of salvation. The same is true of Islam: others does' so because he is convinced that he has found a truth which enlightens life for him and Whatever we may think of Islam, or of Budwill enlighten life for others. Christian missions dhism, as religious systems we cannot but respect do not differ from other religious missions in that, that confidence in the power of a religious system but in the nature of the religious truth imparted. to establish itself without any external assistance, even in the face of derision or of persecution. The truth which Christian missions propagate is Truth embodied in the Person of Jesus Christ, Do Christian missionaries so believe the docand implanted by the 'indwelling of the Holy trine which they preach that they entrust the doc- Spirit. Christian missionaries preach not an ab- trine and the rites to others? Do our missionaries stract and disputable truth, but a Person, and entrust the doctrine and the rites of the Christian union with a Person, not the mere acceptance of a faith to raw converts, in the simple faith that the doctrine. Christ is more than a theory of reli- Gospel can stand in its own strength? All our gion, and the Holy Spirit is more than mere ac- subsidiary methods, our institutions, our medical ceptance of a doctrine. missions, our educational missions, our industrial missions, our training schools, our colleges, our Such being the difference between the two types alliances with governments, our careful retention of missions, it would seem natural to expect that of the rites of Baptism and the Lord's Supper in the Christians should show a far greater and our own hands or in the hands of men specially deeper and stronger faith in the power of the trained by us, our eagerness to train leaders, our Truth which they preach than the non-Christians. efforts to maintain our control, our terror of de- generation or corruption, all cry aloud that, what- • Condensed from World Dominion, London and New York.

ever we may trust, we do not trust in the power initiative, or uncivilized, or backward; or that of the Gospel to win its own way and to triumph their moral standards are low and that we must by its own inherent force. Now the power of the see to it that they are raised before we can trust Gospel is the Holy Spirit, and the Truth of the them. All these may be true but such arguments Gospel is Christ. admit the fact that we dare not entrust the doc- trine and rites of the Gospel to others. They all If we cannot go to any people with a Gospel keep our eyes fixed on men. But what we are which is sufficient for them and can be wholly en- considering is our faith, not in men, but in Christ, trusted to them, then we must train converts for and in the power of the Holy Spirit. Do we bea distant day when it may be possible to entrust lieve that our Gospel is so powerful that it can of them with the Gospel of Christ. We are always itself raise a fallen race? These arguments sugwaiting and expecting that day, but it does not gest that we are fit to be entrusted with the Goscome. Why not? Because we fear corruption pel, and that when others are as we are they will and degeneration. When we talk of a future day be fit. It is manifestly untrue. Weare not enwhen we shall be able to trust our converts in trusted with the Gospel because we are righteous, non-Christian lands, we are looking at them. and have attained some standard of intelligence and morality, but because God has had mercy on If we go with a Gospel whose doctrine and rites us. Not for our righteousness, but according to we cannot trust to the people, obviously we must His lovingkindness, He has chosen us; and we establish our missions on a more or less permanent stand by faith in Him. We go as missionaries bebasis. Then we must be able legally to hold them, cause we believe in Christ and the Holy Spirit, and dependence upon the goodwill of governments not because we believe in men. follows with all its encumbering forms. We must direct and supervise any advance. So long as the We proclaim that our doctrine is Christ, and period of our tutelage lasts, all advance must be we proclaim our belief in the Holy Spirit; but restricted by our capacity to supply training, and why do we not dare to act upon the belief that trained teachers. Christ will keep His own, that the Holy Spirit is as powerful to teach His own? Why do every- The reason is apparent-we do not believe that thing as though we were afraid of entrusting the the doctrine which we preach and the rites' which Gospel to others, and as if, without paid preachers, we practice as Christians are so good and power- and medical, educational, and industrial missions ful that anyone who accepts them ,can hold and to support it, it could make no progress. The practice them without our supervision, in spite of truth is that Christ can only be revealed in His the knowledge that it is Christ Whom we preach true grace and power when we trust Him. That and the Holy Spirit Who inspires. kind of faith is true faith. And it is of vital im- portance that we should accept it and practice it. We give many reasons which seem to us to justify our conduct, as for instance, that the people with whom we deal are ignorant, or lacking in Faiths Men Profess* The twelve faiths now operative in the world .the remainder are limited by racial and national are Christianity, Confucianism, Islam, Hinduism, boundaries. These faiths have not been static for Primitivism, Buddhism, Taoism, Shintoism, Juda- changes have continually taken place. ism, Janism, and Parsiism or Zoroastrianism. No reliable statistics are available as to the number One cannot read of these twelve religions withof adherents of these various faiths. An estimate out being impressed with the moral insight shown made in 1933 puts the number of Christians at in the better of the non~Christian faiths. These 625 million, two and a half times the followers truths are the explanation of the survival value of the next faith which is Confucianism. Islam of these religions. In spite of the large weight of is placed third with 235 million, Hinduism fol- superstition and error, which the non-Christian lows closely with 220 million, then comes Prim- faiths carry, and in spite of the decimating influitivism with 160 and Buddhism with 140 million. ence of modern knowledge upon superstitions, In the remaining group of six, is Taoism with they are still living and likely to do so for some 40 million and the smallest is Parsiism with time to-come. Truth is hard to kill even though 100,000. mixed with error…. Putting the other religions alongside Christ serves to emphasize the superi- The oldest of these religions, Primitivism, was ority of the Christian revelations and the comin existence before the days of recorded history. parative futility of an insight into moral truth Five of the twelve faiths are international, while unless there is back of it the spiritual energy which the Saviour of the world furnishes-So E. 1. • From an Editorial in The United Presbyterian."

Headhunters in Pagan

A Letter from RUSSELL W. ABEL, Kwato A Missionary of the New Guinea Evangelization Society THE most important happening in our work And as their parents thought it unseemly for "un- lately has been the developments at Duram, initiated" boys, not yet through their initiation our furthest outpost, 150 unconnected miles ceremonies, to be clothed even in a leaf, Davida west of Kwato. Davida and his wife (Papuan had quite a storm in a teacup over it. However Christian workers) have been established there from the beginning he has made it his policy to be for a year now, with two junior helpers. They firm. "That is what Taubada and Sinebada (Mr.

have had a hard time, living unwelcome in the and Mrs. Charles W. Abel) did," he affirms.

midst of people who really have grown tired of "They never gave way on account of Papuan ob- the novelty of a mission in jections." For any Papuan to their vicinity. However they be insisting upon discipline in can show definite results after This letter, written from his school, if only to the exa year of difficulty and self- Gaburgabuna, Eastern Papua, tent of a school regulation sacrifice. Two Duram men are on October 19, 1935, is from a and uniform, is remarkable.

really converted – not merely son of the founder of the Kwato Davida has made friends adherents, but cases of true Mission. Charles W. Abel, who with members of an inland change of heart. They have died in England in 1930, started head-hunting tribe-the Dore- burned their idols, fetishes work among the warlike canni- vaidas. This is a great acand charms, and broken with bals forty-five years ago. His complishment. Furthermore their old heathen life. How mission has now grown to be they invite us to go inland to easily these words are tapped an interdenominational work· visit them. A little while ago cyoonudnugctsepdirfito-rfiltlheed mmoissst iponaarrtiebsy. it seemed impoSSI.ble to know off on the typewriter, and yet The whole work is thoroughly how to open that door; and in what victory in human hearts, what realization of God and evangelical and practical. Pap- answer to prayer we have not courageous yielding to His uans are first evangelized and had to do anything about it. call, they represent! And then are trained to go out as The door has opened, and the what fears and prayers and self-supporting w 0 r k e r s to heathen are seeking the misfaith and constant teaching on evangelize others. The remark- sionaries!

Davida's part have gone into able results, such as are de- A Dorevaida chief and his the winning of these men. scribed here, show the power of wife heard about Christ and Now they are being trained as Christ to transform and guide the news spread inland – not "Christian soldiers," and must through Christian agents, but even the most primitive people.* live a new life in Duram. by heathen gossip. Finally it Pray for them. It is not going reached the hills, where mur- to be easy to be forever different from everyone der is the only passport to recognition, and a man else. The younger of them is at Kwato now, and is without social standing until he has procured a getting much help there. human head. The chief and his wife came down Davida writes to say the children in the new to the coast to see Davida and Eauvenibo (his school at Duram are "getting quite tame now, not wife) and to witness the new Christian living of wild like before." They have had a tussle over which they had heard. That must have been a cleanliness and clothing, but the children are get- responsibility for the Christians, yet Davida was ting "quite accustomed to the idea." The only quite gleeful about it. "It was great," he wrote; clothing he tries to impose upon his schoolboys is "we were able to show them how we lived."

the green leaf band, such as is worn by all Eastern Two searching questions crop up in my mind: Papuans in the Kwato district. But even this Would you or I invite anyone home to see an minimum is strongly objected to by Central Pap- example of Christian living"? Is our living of uan lads whose sole attire has been caked dirt. victorious and startling quality that it would ~New Guinea Evangelization Society has headquarters at provide news for the heathen? The early Chris- 156 Fifth Avenue, New York. The president is Dr. Hugh R. Monro, tians gave an astonished world plenty to talk and the treasurer Is Walter McDougall.

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about. "These that have turned the world upside rack for me," she said. "I am trusting in a Cross. down are come hither also," said the Thessalonian That is enough for me. No need to torture pigs, heathen when they heard that Paul and Silas had my Saviour was tortured on a Cross." (Primitive arrived. (Acts 17: 6.) . people feel relieved of their anguish when they can inflict it on an animal. The pig somehow suf- * '" * fers for them. You may not understand this.) These are very ignorant people. The story of the At present there is a camp being held over in Cross must still have been quite new to the woman Buhutu Valley, among the so-called "bush" peo- I have quoted. ple. This has mostly been aimed at the strengthening of the Christian communities, composed of There was a heathen feast on a few miles away. primitive though very spiritually minded folk. All through that meeting, held in the light of camp These felt their need of a new vision and blessing. fires, we could hear tom-toms in the distance. Vil- At Leileiafa they met together and prayed spe- lages were all deserted on account of it, and some cially that God would send someone to encourage Christians had been drawn back into the vortex. them. Their prayer was answered and they were The church at Borowai will never be what Siaclearly guided that help was coming. They would siada and Leileiafa are until the believers there never dream of doubting this, and in simple obe- pay the same price, that of entire surrender to dience that one almost learns to take for granted God, a clean sweep of old cults, and no more among these "bush" Christians, they gathered "sunuma labui." from far and near. They were all ready and waiting when the camp vanguard appeared, without *** warning, over the hills from Suau. There is great progress being made in some This reminds me of an incident that happened parts of this country, especially at the Morobe three years ago, when Arthur Swinfield (our tech- goldfields, which now boast "the largest rerodrome nical and boatbuilding i;nstruetor) and I suddenly in the world." (I will not vouch for the veracity decided to cross that valley, and pick up a Kwato- of this.) It is the central depor.t of 40 rerodromes bound boat on the south coast. On the way we in different parts of the country. Their annual met people from Mt. Thomson, a long way inland, freightage by air is said to exceed that of the enwho came down to a certain range of hills that we tire rest of the world. Five years ago there was crossed, and were there to meet us. In blank merely a handful of prospectors in that district. amazement, I asked how they knew I was coming. Today, a district officer whom I met last week on They replied that they had had guidance that they his way back told me, there are between 3,000 would find us there, and so they had set off in and 4,000 white people there. Many of the native obedience, arriving there an hour before we did. population, recruited for labor, come in from the And their guidance was received before we our- bush, having never seen a white man before. The selves knew we were going! It takes inland most recent exploit of the famous Kukukuku tribe Papua to teach one what an utter novice in the was to murder six Roman Catholic missionaries. Christian life one is. Where there is gold to be found insurmount- The campers have had a great time at the two able difficulties melt before human ingenuity. Christian centres, Leileiafa and Siasiada, and are Whole towns spring up, conveyed by air over the now at Borowai, further west, where there has top of impenetrable ranges. Where is that deterbeen wholesale backsliding. Heathen ceremonies mination and spirit in Christian enterprise? have reclaimed one after another, or "sunuma There, alas, one sees caution, timidity, and often labui" as they call it; that is a "double faith," retrenchment. There is not much pioneering in holding on to a bit of the old as well as the new. 20th century Christianity. We cannot often boast That, however, can't be done. of being the first on the field nowadays. Weare outstripped .by commerce. The last time I was at Borowai, Christians from Leileiafa and Bombomtiti (aren't the bush names The German missionaries in New Guinea have marvelous!) had gone there to help the dwindling become air-minded and now fly to the. newly-discause. I attended a testimony meeting they ar- covered and thickly populated Mt. Hagen plateau. ranged, at which those who had an experience to They were followed by two Roman Catholic farelate testified with regard to the giving up of old thers, _who, by shooting a pig, antagonized the things, heathen feasts, etc. I shall never forget natives, and were both murdered as a result. This the earnest face of one woman who spoke, as she has created difficufties. The unevangelized areas told of her stand against a death feast for a of the world should be on all our consciences as brother and all it had cost her. "No pigs on the Christians.

Achievements in

-&(1 By REV. J. EARL MORELAND I President, Porto Alegre College, Porto Alegre, Brazil,. Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South .nA .T A RECENT meeting of Christian workers America, makes it easier to understand the con- in Brazil one of the outstanding Brazilian stant care given to educational institutions. leaders expressed an opinion which seemed Schools were generally organized in response to to epitomize the thinking of the group. Said he, a twofold need: the need of the people for in- "Evangelistic work in our churches is basic, so- struction, and the need of the Church for develop- cial service efforts are necessary and important, ing its own ministry and laity. Granbery Col- but through Christian education in our various lege, at Juiz de Fora, with its enrollment of nearly schools we are doing that which is of most abid- 700 students and its five well-organized depart- ing value to our people." ments, was first organized to meet this twofold This statement produced much serious thought. need. Like the McKenzie College in Sao Paulo, Many questions were raised and discussed, and Union College in South Brazil, and numerous their consideration helped to clarify the thinking other schools, its growth was slow in the early of the group. years, due to a lack of funds. Yet these schools "Why does Christian education make a contri- continued to grow and their academic standards bution of most permanent value to the total cause were invariably higher than those of the national of Christianity in South America?" schools. The teachers and administrators con- "In what way have our schools come to their ceived their Christian duty as including both per- present place of prominence in the educational life sonal evangelism and high scholastic standards.

of those countries?" Out of this twofold emphasis came their present "What is their distinctive contribution-to the contribution to church and country.

people and to the Christian cause?" The achievement of mission schools in training "What of the future?" leaders has been realized in three distinct fields: In order to understand the great opportunity in preparing its own ministers and workers; in presented to our Christian schools in Latin Amer- producing Christian leaders in education and in ica it is necessary to study the beginnings of the other professions; and in its direct, though not work. Most of the pioneers who laid the early decisive influence, upon thousands of students foundations of our work were educated, cultured who have come to places of responsibility in many men. Having enjoyed the best advantages which walks of life. the church could offer in its schools and colleges The national mi.nistryof Protestant churches in of that day, they were eager to extend similar South America is rapidly coming to be a well- advantages to the people to whom they were tak- trained ministry. The Methodist Church of ing the Good News. They believed in personal Brazil, in its last General Conference, voted al- evangelism and their first emphasis was always most unanimously to admit to its ministry only placed there. But evangelistic efforts were ac- those candidates who had completed the Ginasio companied by conservation. They early recog- (corresponding to our collegiate) course. The nized that no real success could be attained ex- Presbyterian Church has ever given first emphasis cept through Christian education. Strange as it to the training of its ministry, and it is therefore may seem to many in the home land, "Educational not surprising that, of all the Protestant churches evangelism" became an accomplished fact on the at work in South America today, it has the best mission fields long before that great slogan was prepared ministry. The Episcopal Church makes sounded so effectively in North America. The the same rigorous educational demands of its solid foundations of autonomous churches in more priests in Brazil which it demands at home. The than one country today:· are to be discovered in Congregational and other churches are also plac- educational evangelism, perhaps imperfectly in- ing an increasingly stronger emphasis upon the terpreted, yet none the less vigorously applied training of their religious leaders. The first ex- over a long period of years. planation, therefore, of the abiding influence of This initial interest upon the part of many of Protestant missions in South America is found in the founders of PrOtestani missions in South this emphasis upon a well prepared ministry.

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Without this emphasis, .our churches in thDse cumstances, as they come under this emphasis and neighboring Republics would never have advanced these Christian influences during their formative to their present position, but would still be in the years, cannot fail to be profoundly impressed- early primary stages of development. . far more than they can realize at the time. The The contribution of Christian schools in the results can .only be tabulated in terms of changed pr.oduction .of leaders in the intellectual, in the attitudes, positive personalities, transformed lives. scientific and political life of South America has One of the most conspicuous leaders in the New .only recently begun to receive adequate recogni- Brazil of today was asked recently why he was tion. This lack is perhaps traceable to tWD fac- willing to give so much of his time and effort tors: first, that for many years missiDn schools toward furthering the interests of the Protestant were few in number, and therefDre limited in schools. His reply was immediate and forceful: "quantity" of students and "output"; and second, "While I am not a member of a Protestant church and cannot accept many of your ideas, I simply our churches have fostered very few technical cannot shut my eyes to living values. In your scho.ols, with the result that due credit was not schools you are producing the kind of real men given to the basic educational foundations laid which Brazil needs today." in the earlier days. However that may be, it is true today that widespread rec.ognition is being Our Christian schools, though sadly handicap- given to Protestant schools and their contribution ped by lack of funds and equipment, are never- to national life, both direct and indirect, as a theless privileged to render basic service in build- stimulus to creative leadership. In Uruguay and ing for the New Day in South America-even in the Argentine, mention has been made repeatedly building the Kingdom of Our Lord and Master of certain .outstanding leaders who came up among our southern neighbors.

through the Christian schools. In Brazil, during the Constitutional Convention of 1933-34, some attenti.on was drawn to the fact that one of our WHAT PERU NEEDS Protestant sch.ools had nine of its graduates listed among the constituent legislators. At least two Evangelistic effort has been too local in some of these were counted among the smaller group parts, but in others it has been extensive to a de- of outstanding leaders of the Congress-and one gree of weakness. There has been too little in- of them became the Secretary of Agriculture in tensive work accompanying the widespread evan- the Cabinet of Dr. Getulio Vargas, the President gelism. In the zeal to occupy territory, to reach of Brazil. Still another drew extraordinary atten- regions beyond, the preparation of men capable ti.on from the entire nation as he focalized the of carrying on the work of the churches has been interest of the people up.on certain urgent moral almost neglected. Many of the congregations are and religious pr.oblems confronting them. Fur- weak in everything but fervor. They lack num- ther proof of our thesis might be cited in the fact bers, social influence, and the wealth of spiritual that three of the possibly half d.ozen greatest resource which an adequate knowledge of the grammarians and masters of Portuguese during Gospel should produce.

the past thirty years have been ordained ministers The urgent need of the missionary cause in of the Presbyterian Church-Drs. Erasmo Braga, Peru is a suitable training center for intensive Eduardo Carlos Pereira, and Othoniel Motta. The instruction in the truth, and deeper cultivation of last is still everywhere recognized as one .of the the spiritual life. This should provide opportuleading authorities in the P.ortuguese language nity, not only for Bible institute work for the today. training of pastors and other native Christian workers, but also for larger interdenominational Another contribution wDrthy of attention is that gatherings such as conventions for Bible instrucmade by Protestant schools in their constant em- tion and for the deepening of the spiritual life.- phasis upon Christian character as a necessary From "The West Coast Republics of South Amerbasis .of all educational devel.opment. This un- ica." ceasing emphasis upon Christian character is, we sincerely believe, of almost incalculable value as its impact is brought to bear upon the lives .of thousands of stUdents, year by year. Our Chris- A young missionary to Japan asked Dr. Kagawa tian teachers not only maintain that character what advice he had for him in beginning his work.

can and must be lived, but also that character can Kagawa's reply was significant: "Sit still. Amer- and must be taught. The two, .of course, are by ican missionaries are in such a hurry, running no means dissimilar, but rather are parts .of a here, there, everywhere in your cars. Take time total process. Hundreds, if not thousands, .of stu- to study and win one and teach him. Win a few; dents from widely diverse environment and cir- teach them and send them out to win others."

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I Effective Ways of Working 9 I, "rested Metlwds for Increasing Interest at Home I EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~'I========–==—-=–="""""""~ MOiDERNIZING MISSION- the medium of the written or the this country inclusive of Ambas- ARY EDUCATION spoken word." Of course the sador Saito has been pronounced pictures must not be relied upon by the Japanese as the only pic- In this day when Christian to work magic in themselves. ture made by a foreign group standards are no longer observed They must have an adequate proand missionary motivations seem gram built up around them. that was entirely satisfactory to to have lost their old-time pull; Speed the day when this educa- the Japanese people. [The reels when even the authority of tional method will become so Christ's Great Commission is be- general that local film library rent at prices varying from $1.00 ing called in question, it is im- associations will develop. In the perative that we build up a more meantime attention is called to for a 16 mm. or $2.00 for a dynamic missionary education three organizations whose pic- 35 mm. reel upward, transportasituation. On that all denomina- tures may be used to supplement tion both ways being extra. The tions are in agreement. The in- those brought out by the differcreasing use of the Sunday ent denominations. Foundation has a good catalog; school; of schools of missions; but orders need to be given well of organizations within the The Religious Motion Picture church for men and boys, as well Foundation of 140 Nassau St., in advance of the date of use.] as women and girls; of age New York City, with a branch groupings and studied presenta- office at the Y. M. C. A. Motion International Educational Pictions, instead of hit-or-miss en- Picture Bureau, 19 S. La Salle tures, Inc., is a large corporation deavors; of the use of attractive St., Chicago, is operating for located at 40 Mt. Vernon St., promotional and educational ma- service, not profit. It supplies terial inclusive of that brought reels for the various depart- Boston, Mass., but with branch out by the Missionary Education ments of church activity as well offices in many centers, the order Movement – these are high po- as for children's story hours, at headquarters being relayed to tency points among evangelical special meetings, recrea,tional church folk. The tested and gatherings, benefits, etc. As an the branch nearest the customer. most useful literature and plans auxiliary it has available refer- It lists 2,000 films, 16 and 35 are continually stressed in this ence outlines, including back- Department, but at ,this season, ground material and suggestions mm., silent and sound on almost when schools of missions are in for the films, consultation and every imaginable subject. The full swing, we wish to reempha- advisory service and analysis of Film Handbook (catalog) is a size the value of good motion individual equipment needs. The pictures in all branches of mis- Foundation endeavors to bring de luxe work of art and costs 35 sionary education. out each year authoritative films cents. Exhibitors using the interpretative of the current Attention, Pastors! mission study books. For in- service are required to subscribe stance they have now series of once a year, the payment of the The Church has been slow to pictures on Latin America-one recognize these educational fa- on the geographical background, 35 cents entitling them to two cilities which bid fair to replace another on historical and eco- copies of this directory, the even the daily newspapers. Mo- nomic conditions and a third on tion pictures should not be used Mexico; a two-reel picture on right to borrow 400 free films just as a bait to lure an audience life in the Southern Appalachian and the use of the clearing house because they are "not merely a region ("Unto the Hills"); a show but are a vital medium of study on the activities of the service for the rental of films. expression in getting ideas over T. V. A., etc. The picture on In most cases exhibitors are rein a vivid way that, in many in- "Japan and Her Problems," il- quired to pay transportation stances, results in a much more lustrative of last year's foreign clear mutual understanding of a theme and prepared in coopera- costs both ways, the location of subject than is possible through tion with leading Japanese in the several shipping points min- imizing the expenses. The con- [95 ] dition of free films is not guar- anteed as is that of rental reels. Those not having projectors may obtain free advice as to the vari- ous makes, although the 1. E. P.

does not deal in them.

The Pan American Union, of Washington, D. C., has in addi- tion to a large variety of free or loan printed matter, posters and music concerning the countries it represents, a supply of mov- ing picture films and stereop-

ticon slides to be loaned rent free 6. In the worldwide confusion pre- Later the subject may be thrown on condition that the borrower vailing today Jesus stands before men open to the audience for a few pay express charges from and to greater than western civilization and minutes: but enlightenment is Washington and agree to have greater than the Christianity com- the objec.t and no vote to record the films exhibited only by ex- monly known and practiced. (A, 63; a decision is expected. In a dis- perienced operators. Write for D,3; U,7.) cussion outlined in the young their catalog. Most communities people's literature of the Dis- have access to loan or rental 7. A lack of interest in extending ciples of Christ, the following projectors of 16 or 35 mm. size. the Christian religion reflects a de- questions were assigned to all cline in the spiritual experience of the participants for pre v i 0 u s Discussion versus Didactics Church. (A,59; D,3; U,6.) thought and preparation: A survey of current study 8. Missionary work is less needed Why should young people be con- books and programs reveals the today than formerly. (A, 4; D, 63; cerned about building a new world? extent to which discussions, U,4.) questionnaires, platform "con- What is wrong with the present so- versations," true and false tests 9. Missionaries should preach the cial order? and the like have replaced the Gospel and leave to others the reform hand-out information in the plat- of political, social and economic con- What is the United Youth program? form monologues of papers and ditions. (A, 15; D,48; U, 11.) Who is back of it? What is it trying talks. It is the expression of a to do? new trend and attitude of mind 10. Missions should supply teachers and as a step forward in auto- of scientific agricultural methods and How can our group share in the brain-stimulation is good for the so help remove the abject poverty and program? What would it mean for individual. The interchange of misery of rural life. (A, 64; D, 2; our group? thought results in the cross- U,5.) fertilization of group thinking. What issues should we face if we Among the used – and –proved- 11. The Church at home should al- take part? good plans recently sent to this low the younger churches to express Department are the following: the Gospel through their own genius Needless to say the study and through forms suitable to their book, "Youth Building aNew An Inquiry into Missionary own racial heritage. (A. 59; D, 4; World," furnishes the basis, and Attitudes U,8.) all should be familiar with it. Then the leader explains to the The device was used at a union 12. The miSsionary enterprise is one company that while those at the missionary meeting at Mont- department of our church life and table lead off, everyone will be clair, N. J., in October. A sheet should be supported only by those given opportunity to express an of the test topics was submitted whose special interest it is. (A, 4; opinion later. For example: to each person present to be D,63; U,6.) Agnes speaks up from the panel marked and returned without saying it seems to her rather a signature. The instructions 13. The chief objectives of the mis- large order-letting young peo- read: sionary enterprise should be to con- ple take a hand in their own vert as many people as possible, rather problems, to which the leader re- After reading each statement than to develop and train leaders for plies that we simply have to through full y, register your the younger churches. (A, 10; D,52; build a new world because the opinion as follows: If you agree U,9.) one we now live in is in pretty check A; if you disagree, check much of a mess. Jack says that D; if you are uncertain, check 14. Lack of unity in the adminis- while thing:;J are not perfect, U. On the left hand margin ap- tration at home and in the field tends they are so much better than peared the capital letters A, D, to make the missionary enterprise in- they used to be that he thinks . and U for checking. effective. (A, 64; D,3; U,4.) we would better let well enough alone: and then the discussion 1. The religion of Jesus has unique 15. The missionary enterprise should is in full swing. A climax of values not possessed by any other re- be a partnership between older and proposed action may well be ligion. (All checked A.) younger churches on the basis of reached. equality in interest and control, even 2. Secularism, nationalism and com- though large financial help is supplied Fireside Forums munism, rather than the old religions, by the stronger. (A, 55; D, 20; are the chief opponents of Christianity U,5.) These are an outstanding fea- today. (52 checked A; 20, D.) ture of the Baptist promotional This inquiry provides an ex- program for the year, the object 3. For each race its own religion is cellent basis for discussion in being to provide each church best. (15, A; 48, D; 20, U.) any church or community group with an occasion for bringing its if the leader is capable of clar- entire constituency together in 4. Since American Christians have ifying conflicts and correcting homes for f e I low s hip and more than enough to keep them busy erroneous thinking. thoughtful discussion of local in placing their own house in order, and world problems,and for the they have no call to concern them- Panel Discussions consideration of the privileges selves with the social and religious and responsibilities of Christians needs of other people. (1, A; 68, D; These are becoming increas- in their church relationships. 4, U.) ingly popular, even for a pas- The new plan has the following tor's evening service to act as a 5. Christianity loses its influence lodestone to draw a congrega- and power by recognizing values in tion. A group of people, selected other religions. (A,10; D,57; U,6.) for their ability and clear vocal- ization and carefully prepared by previous study, assemble at the front and discuss a subject informally under the direction of a leader capable of giving its initial statement and an impetus by means of opening queries.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

technique to be developed by a where he was born, his occupation and Men and Women of Far special forum committee: what he would like to do if he changed his occupation. Horizons The division of the church into districts, following such natural bound- 2. Forty minutes for a Question- "There has come to me a volume of aries as will include in each district nairplane Flight. The leader gives to missionary articles which so thrilled ten homes (more or less) within easy each person a copy of a list of ques- me that f sincerely wish every misaccess of each other, and the selection tions about the cooperative program sionary worker and every worker with in each district of a home in which to of the denomination and one answer young people might place it in their hold a Fireside Forum. Designate to a question, the latter not to pass library for reference and help," this as the Forum Home. out of the hands of the holders. At a writes Mrs. Abram De Young, of given signal, the group enters on a Kalamazoo, Michigan. For each such division, (1) appoint thirty-minute quest for replies to all a hostess whose duty it will be to pre- the questions, each person working in- "The book is a series of articles pare for the meeting, introduce guests dependently and interviewing every compiled by Jesse R. Wilson, General upon their arrival, create a friendly other person in order to secure the Secretary of the Student Volunteer atmosphere among them, give careful right answers. At the end of this half Movement but written by missionaries attention to the ventilation and ar- hour the leader will call time and read and outstanding Christians the world range for someone to take the children the correct answers so that each one over, out of their own vast and varyinto a separate room and entertain may check his own replies or exchange ing experiences, revealing their enthem during the meeting; (2) select a with some one else for correction. thusiasm for and deep conviction conconvener who will be held responsible The person answering correctly the cerning their task, and also the great for securing the attendance of every largest number of queries wins the burden of longing in their hearts for family in his district, arranging for most points. Questions need not be the world as they have seen it. . . . the personal invitation of someone by answered in order. As I read I found myself impressed whom a less familiar family may be through every chapter with the wonbrought to the meeting, furnishing the 3. Ten minutes are next allotted to drous glory of the missionary enterhostess with a list of the telephone a "Look through the Churchscope." prise. numbers of her prospective guests so The leader makes a careful presentathat she may personally supplement tion of the local church program for "The book also makes us realize the other invitations, and send to the the year after distributing the copies how through missions there has come forum committee a list of all who at- of that program for reference. to us a greater appreciation of other tended the meeting; (3) secure a races, for it gives us pictures of their leader who will be responsible for con- 4. Ten minutes are then consumed people and of the consecrated souls ducting the meeting, helping the in the feature called "We Talk It among them who have been won for guests to get better acquainted and Over"-which is the open forum por- Christ and are now powers for Him carrying out the detailed plan as out- tion. Sample topics are such as these: among their own race . . . Most of lined by the church. In what ways could our church's all the book helps us to see the power methods of financing its work be im- of Christ over sin and darkness . . . Next, hostesses, conveners and lead- proved? To what extent should our ers are brought together in separate church cooperate with other churches "The articles may be used in formgroups and thoroughly coached. The in making our community more Chris- ing all types of pro~rams and for andate decided upon for the forum meet- tian? What are the channels through swering questions about missions and ing is publicized through church bul- which our church may seek to enlist even answering criticisms that are on letins, posters and newspaper pub- the active cooperation of every mem- the lips of some . . . The stories licity. Enlistment cards for signa- are wonderfully helpful for illustrature at the gatherings are secured and ber? tions in Sunday school as well' as misdistributed, together with copies of sionary meetings. Many of them can the pastor's program for the year, to 5. "We Enlist" is the climax of the be used effectively as impersonations the leaders: then the scene is set for program. The chairman leads the and others will lend themselves easily the forums. group in reading the church covenant to dramatizations." from copies distributed and the enlist- Each group is supposed to number ment card is considered quietly and Pastors might well incorpofrom 15 to 25 and the proposed pro- prayerfully. Each one is asked to sign rate much of this true-to-life magram of the meeting to consume about his card indicating the channels terial in a series of sermons inan hour and 40 minutes. Its divisions through which he is willing to serve terspersed and illustrated by the are: the church, and a prayer of dedication dramatizations and impersona- is offered while cards are still in the tions suggested by the reviewer. 1. Ten minutes for getting better hands of their signers. The cards are acquainted. Groups seated informally then collected and turned over to the Friendship Press, 150 Fifth Ave., in a circle, each person in turn rising pastor, after which the intensive task New York City. (Price 50 cents in and stating his name, where he lives, remains of holding the membership paper, $1.00 in cloth.) up to their high resolves.

THE CONVERSATION In the packet of leaflets, referred to in the foregoing, another form of discourse is featured entitled "The Hayrake Conversation." In the setting of a farmyard, where the farmer is attempting to repair his hayrake, a neighbor drops in and the two discuss the proposal to unite all the struggling churches of the community for better service. The dialogue furnishes a well-balanced presentation of the pros and cons.. the essential details of organic church union, church federation, the "Larger Parish Plan," pastoral unity, etc., are interwoven. At the coming community dinner soon to be held the matter will be brought to vote. Jake says: Everybody'll be there but old Deacon Peachcrab. Poor old fellow! he's just been an officer so long he can't bear to have other folks take over the reins. It's kind of funny. Four years ago the old man said there'd never be one church in this place. He would have got some officers from the other churches and started trouble against the idea, but it seems like it was all over before he knew it was happening. Just like this hayrake here-we got it all fixed bElfore we knew it. . . . Goodbye, Jim; see you Tuesday.

The packet containing the above and a variety of other material for young people may be obtained from the United Christian Missionary Society, 222 Downey Ave., Indianapolis, Ind.

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BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK "WHEN WILT THOU SAVE THE PEOPLE?"

"Now when Jesus was born, . . . Wise-men from the east came to Jerusalem, say i n g, Where is he that is born King of the Jews? For we saw his star in the east, and are come to worship him. "Then Herod the king pri- vately called the Wise-men and learned exactly. . .. And being warned of God in a dream, Joseph, Mary and the child departed into their own country another way. . . . An angel of the Lord appeared to Joseph in a dream saying, A rise and take the young child and his mother, and /lee Courtesy Art Ea;tension Press, Westp<>rt, Conn. into Egypt and be thou there until I tell thee: for Herod will "CHRI ST WITH CHILD R EN, " seek the young child to destroy drawn by an Austria n gi rl 15 years of a ge. From " Children 's Service of Worship," him. for u s e on the World Day of Prayer for MiSSions, Februa ry 28 , 1936.

"And he arose and took the what longing, yea what zeal, yea part of the children ·.of God.

young child and his mother by what avenging! In everything Throughout centuries men and night" and departed into exfle. ye approved yourselv es to be women have been conscious of And some nineteen hundred pure in the matter. the reasons for the hurried years later from "the land of the "So although I wrote unto you flight, and with grave concern free and the home of the brave" I wrote not for his cause' that have read of the slaughter of the another father is warned to de- did· the wrong, nor for his cause innocents by the civic authoripart at once with the mother and that suffered the wrong, but that ties. Let us not forget! your earnest care for us might child and celebrate the birth of be made manifest unto you in Will you personally do some- the sight of God." thing today and every day folthe Christ-child in exile. Be- lowing, to make life safe for the And the same pastor Paul, the little ones in America? Thus cause there is love in the family Apostle, wrote the church mem- shall we be true citizens of bers in Philippi (and they were Heaven and America, and show there will be peace in their very nice folk), "Finally breth- that we personally have some re- ren . . . if there be any virtue sponsibility for the sad event of hearts. But what about the . . . think on these things." the exile of the Lindbergh famhomeland folk? ily. Shall we now show godly The editor has received an- repentance? In a letter written to a com- nually within the last decade at Christmastide, five or six greet- Shall crime bring crime forever pany of Christians in Corinth, ing cards depicting the exile of Strength aiding still the strong?

Paul their pastor, wrote (2 Cor. the Holy Family. And in recent Is it thy will, 0 Father, years these cards appear as That man shall toil for wrong? 7: 10-12) : glorified pleasure jaunts instead "For godly sorrow worketh re- of the secret, hurried, and fear- "No," say thy mountains; "No," thy some journey made necessary by skies; pentance unto salvation which bringeth no regret: but the sor- the sin in human hearts, and the Man's clouded sun shall brightly rise, row of the world worketh death. greater sin of indifference on the And songs be heard instead of sighs; God save the people! "For behold, this self-same thing, that ye were made sorry -Ebenezer Elliott, 1781-1849. after a godly sort, what earnest care it wrought in you, yea what clearing of yourselves, what indignation, yea what fear, yea [98 ]

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

ON FEBRUARY 28, 1936 scious of our responsibilities as Wellington, New Zealand, Christian citizens to mitigate so lying geographically just east of far as we can the hardships of sunrise on the International their toil.* Date Line will be among the very Amen. first Christians to meet for prayer and commitment to "On ACCEPTING RESPONSIearth peace, goodwill toward BILITY men." And on February 28, The following. prayer was 1936, the first Friday in Lent, Mrs. Daniel A. Poling, President made by an Indian girl at the in- of the Council of Women for stallation of the new officers. Home Missions, will be among May we put this same spirit into the worshipers in Wellington. From Shanghai, Mrs. Poling our prayers for our work, and sent the message which she had add a prayer for the Indian already prepared. She thought young people in the schools and that some of us at home would join with them in prayer, in on the reservations: "Let us the very words which she will pray: Our loving Father, we use. To do this, you should know thank Thee that Thou didst give that sunrise, February 28, in New Zealand, is approximately us Jesus Christ, who desires that Thursday noon, February 27, in New York City. Excerpt: every girl should have life abun- This year near Wellington, New Hirschel Rabinow dant. We thank Thee that in Zealand, in a mountain community at sunrise we are opening the World Day Oourtesy, New York Sunday Times this school Thou hast entrusted of Prayer of 1936. After a long trip through thirty countries, Dr. Poling to us girls some of thy work. and I realize as never before the great need of men to find oneness through "FOR THEIR SAKES" We thank Thee that the Spirit of Jesus Christ, the Prince of Peace. Everywhere on this trip young people The little neglected boy, be- Jesus Christ can be with us and were eager to accept responsibility of friended by the dog, is a drawing with our Association, to help using some time each Monday as pre- by a 14-year-old boy, Hirschel bring life and light and joy and paratory for this day when all join Rabinow, as his contribution to the chance for service to every in prayer for peace on earth. the Hundred Neediest Cases girl, not only here but every Fund of the New York Times, In 1920, both in Canada and the and reprinted here by courtesy place in the world. And now, as United States, church women of many of same. It recalls to us our re- these new officers .and cabinet denominations united in a Day of sponsibility for all children. He members accept their responsi- Prayer for Missions. In 1935, in more may well be one of the two hun- bility, may they begin their new than fifty countries, Christians prayed dred thousand Migrant children duties by always looking to Thee and pledged themselves to the bearing whom the Council of Women for for help and guidance. Wilt of one another's burdens. . . . Home Missions is serving, or one Thou hear their solemn pledge, whom we should be serving with wilt Thou grant them a sense of Prayer: Our God, Father of us all, your help. Thy presence in their work towe come to Thee today with grateful gether. Bless us all, as memhearts for thy Son Jesus who came to Let us pray: bers of the Y. W. C. A., and help show and be the Way, Truth, and Life. us each. to do our part in making Forgive us, we pray, and give us an "Father of all mankind, we the Spirit of Jesus felt in this hunger and thirst for peace. Teach pause in the haste of our daily school. Amen." us to seek and labor for peace-peace lives to come with quietness into within ourselves and with Thee, in our homes, and for our land in relation to Thy presence. May Thy strength the peoples of the world. We thank and Thy spirit fill us and may WHAT DO'YOU PRAY FOR? Thee Our Father for the growing and deepening consciousness of the need the love which Thou hast for all "Prayers for Self and Sofor peace, and for the personal knowl- mankind flood our hearts. We ciety," Association Press, 15 edge of Him who brings peace on would at this time bring before cents a copy, was prepared by earth. Bless the mothers and children. Thee those men and women and Rev. James Myers, Industrial We do not ask 0 Lord a life all free young people who earn their Secretary, Federal Council of from pain. We do not seek to be in meager living by gathering from the Churches of Christ in Amerthis great world of need without our ica. It is being used both for load of care. For this we know, the the fields the food that shall feed present cross is our eternal gain and that they who struggle and endure us; who bear the heat of the shall at long last reach the Heavenly noonday sun, the long hours of private devotions and in public Kingdom. So Lord keep us fit within and give us strength and light and we labor, and the rush of the can- worship. will follow through the din from darkness up to light. This we ask in the nery service while we benefit name of Jesus, the Prince of Peace. Amen. from their toil. We are con- • By M. Katherine Bennett. scious, 0 Father, of their long- ing for permanent homes, of EDITOR'S NOTE.-All material for the ob- their unfulfilled hopes for their servance of the World Day of Prayer for children. Make us equally con- Missions, February 28, 1936, can be obtained at the above address.

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OUf W orld~wide Outlook i.,'1 A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events ] ~,-==========-======~E~D~I~TE~D==BY==M~R~S~.~H~EN==R~I~==~A~H~.~.~F~ER~G~U~S~O~N~,~X~E~N~IA~,~O~H~I~O==================_~~~ CHINA toward making a cure. . . . Selfish- The Music Committee in charge Free Education promoted a competition for Chi- The determined movement for ness is at the base of it all. . . . In nese-style hymn tunes to be used China we have placed so much em- for the purely Chinese hymns phasis on the family, perhaps it is not which are to be included in the necessary now to emphasize it so book. Some two thousand hymns were received but only fifty of free popular education in China much. But our conception of the fam- them were accepted. For about places Christian primary schools ily in the New Life MQvement is dif- half of these the committee had tentatively chosen tunes and the in a new situation, as they can- ferent from the past because we competition was held for the not compete with a s·tate system recognize the family as the basis of purpose of getting tunes for the the structure for civilization. . . . remaining twenty-five. Altoof free education. For the cur- gether eight hundred tunes from rent fiscal year the Chinese Gov- You can't change anything unless you all over China were received by change a man's character. It means the committee. ernment plans to spend for edu- teaching people to love others as you cation $37,211,621 (Chinese cur- love yourself. That is the heart Qf it -International Christian rency), of which 48 per cent is Press. all. . . . You have come to China be- cause you love the Chinese. Some- Famine Relief Program to go for free, mass education. times you have your discouraging Churches in many parts of moments; I admit I am discouraged China are cooperating with the Szechwan plans to spend $650,- at times. At such times I think upon China International Famine Re- 000 for this purpose. In Shang- . the life Qf Christ, how, against over- lief Commission in raising funds. About twenty schools and colhai, Chinese authorities have whelming odds, he still kept on. He leges in Shanghai have started didn't give up. And I think of the campaigns among their faculty started 900 three-months' free members and students to raise schools for illiterates, with free many missionaries coming to China- money for flood relief. Many tuition, books and stationery. It year after year-no appreciation, no business institutions, lodges and is hoped that in a year 500,000 thanks, not even the consent of the clubs are actively helping. On people among whQm they work-yet behalf of the Chinese Red Cross, Dr. C. T. Wang has turned over will acquire the rudiments of they keep dOg'goedly on. I believe that to Famine Relief $40,000 (Chieducation. In Hunan province it is this spirit of persistence and self- nese) , 12,000 suits of clothes and the plan to extend free education sacrifice which will eventually regen- 10,000 bags of flour. to school-age children is expected erate China. The relief program consists of to reach eighty per cent of them -West China Missionary three steps. (1) Emergency re- News. lief must be supplied to the flood in a year. victims in food, shelter and med- The Glory of the Bible ical supplies. (2) Labor relief This is a beginning of a free must be started on projects of reconstruction. (3) As condistate system of e d u cat ion, Dr. T. Z. Koo, well known and tions gradually return to normal, planned to spread over three a farm rehabilitation program highly esteemed Chinese Chris- must be introduced to help reperiods: from August, 1935, to tian, gives this estimate of the store the rural economy of the July, 1940, all school-age chil- Bible: "The glory of the Bible flooded districts. Temporary dren are to receive one year's schools will be started. It is free education; from August, to me is that it contains a record hoped that preventive measures 1940, to July, 1944, they are to of a life which has enabled me to can be undertaken to wipe out receive two years of such free see such teaching as 'Love your the causes of flood and famine. education; after August, 1944, enemies' put into practice. I all school-age children are to re- know many people hold many ceive four years of education free. -The Chinese Recorder. theories about the Bible, but all these pale into insignificance when one realizes the preemi- nent wonder that here is the rev- Madame Chiang on Missions elation of God Himself. Biblical Madame Chiang Kai-shek, ad- scholars are interested as to how dressing the missionary commu- this record has come to be, but nity at Chengtu during a visit to the man struggling with life, with her husband, said: the record itself is enough!' What we have found wrong with -China's Millions.

China is not with the Chinese people. New Chinese Hymns It has been with our leaders. Now, that is an unpalatable fact to admit A new Union Hymnal is being because we happen to be of the leaders prepared for the use of six of the of the country. To know what is wrong with a patient is the first step larger denominations in China.

[100 ]

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

A Baptist Objective traordinary cases, and here are a interference has been placed in Southern Baptists plan to send few of them: the way of Christian propaganda out in 1936 at least seventy new A man came with a hole in his in Manchukuo, either by local or missionary recruits and replace- cheek through which his breath ments to China to be known as whistled. Awkward, he said, central authorities. On the con- "Shuck Memorial Missionaries." when he wanted to smoke. trary, both Japanese and Man- Another came with a nonpain- chukuo officials h a v e bee n The first Baptist missionary ful fibrous tumor filling his friendly. Between the Christian appointed to China was John mouth so that he could not close communities of the two races Lewis Shuck, a Virginian, who it. He had had his front teeth one of the chief difficulties is that went out in 1835. The story is removed to give it more room. of l'anguage. Nevertheless, a told that in a missionary meet-. Still another came in holding united prayer meeting attended ing of that early day a strong his head constantly with some- by pastors and other leaders, plea was made for contributions. times one hand, and sometimes both Chinese and Japanese, has The plates were passed and the both. I asked him to release it been held at intervals in Mukden.

contents counted: bank notes, and like a flash he was looking Dr. O'Neill says that in his silver, gold. "Here is a card. out over his left shoulder with own field there is a manifest rise Who put i.t in?" said one of the no power to bring his head in the spiritual tone of the collectors to the other. "A young straight again. Church, and a deepened attach- man back in the congregation." ment to the Bible. As to reli- The card was examined and gious liberty, he says: "Within there was found written on it the word "myself," and signed. This The Ohallenge of Manchuria the buildings, we are free to give was Shuck's offering – himself. His fields of labor were Macao An English missionary at religious instruction to all the and Hongkong. Chinese Bap- Chihfeng, Manchuria, says that tists are planning a centenary there are more heathen there to- pupils, Christian or non-Chriscelebration of the opening of this day than ever before. "Due to work in 1936, in cooperation the hard crust of prej udice, tian. Prior to the Japanese ocwith missionaries fro m the which is not easily broken United States. through, apathy still abounds. cupation, the problem of religion Temples are still filled with idols; -Watchman-Examiner. and theaters, instituted for in the schools was becoming in- thanking the god of rain for good harvest prospects, still draw creasingly difficult under the Chinese Government. Now the whole position has changed for the better. The Japanese lan- guage is required everywhere, up to the higher middle stand- great crowds of people. Un- ard. -China's Millions.

Borden Hospital, Lanchow named horrors continue to be JAPAN -OHOSEN Recently a point has been practiced in the name of reli- Temperance Advance made of asking patients for decisions in the services that are gion, and in accordance with Dr. E. C. Hennigar says: "The constantly being held in Borden number of bone-dry villages in Hospital, and there have been their superstitious beliefs, which Japan has reached twenty. Tomi some interesting ones, according Oka village in Miyagi prefecture to a report of the work in China's have held the poor people in an put the scheme to test for one Millions. One was of a Moslem year. So good were the results and another of a man whose eyes iron vise for centuries. Native that on September the first the have been operated on four times villagers voted to go dry for five without success, but his beaming believers are beginning to realize years. Nagoya village in Saga face proclaims that the eyes of completed its first period of three his heart are open. More prayer their responsibility to the un- years and has voted to extend has been concentrated on the the dry regime for another three hospital's religious activities. happy people around them, but years. This is a fishing village The response of the patients has and in spite of great poverty cheered the staff. A system of many are not free to come reg- used to spend yen 20,000 per follow-up cards has been intro- year on alcohol. Miho village in duced to keep in touch with pa- ularly to the meetings. No Sun- Na~ano completed three years tients at home. The hospital of a dry experiment on August cares for about 40 lepers. day dawns in this dark land, as 1st, and has extended the period for another five years. The vil- far as the interior is concerned, lagers have struck upon a novel way of improving the economic and the industrial classes are status of their village. Each family is to contribute at least hard at work seven days in the one sen per day, this money to be deposited in a bank at compound week from sunrise to sunset. interest for 100 years. At the "Some of the Christians are always ready to testify for their Lord in the open air whenever they are free. Inquirers are numerous, and many have been saved." -The Christian.

Another phase of medical Religious Freedom in Manchukuo work is the establishment of a branch Board of Hygiene and Public Health in Lanchow, with Dr. F. W. S. O'Neill, of the an efficient staff of seven doctors, Irish Presbyterian Church, has trained in various branches of been thirty-eight years in Man- churia. In The International Remedicine.

An ordinary day brings ex- view of Missions, he says that no

expiration of that time it is to be word to many villages and to creases were: Anglican, 11.2 per used to meet village expenses. A thousands of hearts and homes. cent; Presbyterian, 17; Meth- few old men opposed the exten- Letters have come and are still odist, 11.5; B apt i s t, 21.2; sion of the dry experiment, but coming; One from "Bright Light Church of Christ, 9; Roman the young people were enthusias- Town" reports: "What a dark Catholic, 1.3, while the Congre- tic for it, declaring that if the town we were before Jesus came gational Church lost 8.8.

dry regime were extended they with your college boys. We -The Christian Advocate.

would make every possible sacri- Christians c aug h t the fire.

fice for the village good." Hardened sinners heard the A Maori Choir -Presbyterian News. Word and are rejoicing in his A Methodist choir made up of twenty young Maori chiefs and No More Cuts salvation. Our town bids fair to be like its name. We are expect- chieftainesses from the New At the November monthly ing many from the surrounding Zealand aborigines has been atprayer meeting of C. M. S. mis- tracting attention in Australia sionaries in Tokyo, Rev. George villages that are in dense dark,· Herbert Moule, treasurer for on a concert tour. Two are dea- Japan, announced that all cuts ness to come to Christ. Please conesses and four are ministers. on work and salaries for all send the boys again next sum- In full Maori costume, they ap- C. M. S. missionaries in Japan pear, render a program of Maori and China would be restored mer." folk songs, thrilling hakas and from January 1, 1936. This came from up north: pageantry. The proceeds of the -The Living Church. "Our church was about to breathe its last when your col- tour go to Maori missions. lege boys came. The little spark -Christian Advocate.

was fanned and now 122 real Christians are regularly attend- Honor to Bishop McKim ing church services, Sunday Borneo Evangelical Mission school and Wednesday evening A few days before Bishop Mc- prayer meetings. You should The Field Secretary of this Kim left Tokyo he was given an hear them sing hymns at work mission writes in The Christian: ovation, perhaps the greatest in the harvest fields. We are all ever accorded any foreigner by bubbling over with the joy of the Our work is growing, both in numthe Japanese. On the campus of Lord and praise God that in the ber of workers and area occupied, but St. Paul's University, of which hot summer months your boys it is still quite pioneering in charhe was founder and chancellor, came with the Holy Spirit's acter; there are no roads, and all in the presence of Prince Iyesato power to our town. Please send traveling is by such primitive means Tokugawa, representatives of some of them to us in the Christ- as native dugouts, or by walking the institutions of the Nippon mas vacation to rejoice with us." through the jungle. After almost a Sei Kokwai, bishops of the I wish you could read all the let- hundred years of government control Church, deans and officers of the ters that came in the Korean the Ibans are still restless under re- University corporation, and the language. straint, and only the most rigid conentire assembled student and trol prevents the practice of headfaculty body, the retiring bishop GEORGE S. MCCUNE, hunting. We find that the only way bade farewell and godspeed to Presbyterian Missionary. to evangelize them is to live simple the Church and the corporate lives right among them. bodies he has presided over for AUSTRALIA AND THE the past 56 years. ISLANDS Another of our stations is among the Bisaiyahs, and here different When the Bishop sailed from Religion in Australia methods are used. We have a school Yokohama, there was a two-hour at the mission station which is showdemonstration at the pie r. Census figures from Australia ing' good results, and some translation Bishops, priests, workers, mis- afford an interesting comparison work is being done in their language, sionaries, men, women, children, between growth of population hitherto unwritten. A beginning has business men, government lead- and church membership. Be- also been made among the Kalabits, ers, came to see him off. Some tween 1921 and 1933 the popula- another wilder tribe much further inhad come as far as 800 miles, tion of Victoria increased by land. Until a few years ag'o this tribe and everyone of the ten dioceses 18.8 per cent. The denomina- was quite self-contained; they smelted of the Japanese Church was rep- tional percentage gains for the their own iron for making' swords and resented. same period were: Anglicans, 4 ; spears, and recovered salt from nat- Presbyterians, 7.6; Methodist, ural suring'S, while they hunted game -The Living Church. 5; Church of Christ, 18; the with blowpipes and poisoned arrows.

Roman Catholic Church showed -The Christian. a small decrease and the Baptist and Congregational Churches A Tongan Choir Contest losses respectively of 2.7 and 21 per. cent. New South Wales When the Governor-General of New Zealand visited Tonga a showed population inc rea s e "A Dark Town Before (1921 -1933), 23.8 per cent. few years ago, he was so de- Jesus Came" lighted with Tongan singing that There the denominational in- During vacation last summer he gave a silver cup for a co.ncollege preaching bands had many victories far south and up test. Thirty-seven choirs to.o.k north. Fifty-two summer Bible part, presenting two. hymns and schools brought Jesus and His two. anthems. The cho.irs were divided into. gro.ups to. sing o.n five nights, and nearly 5,000 peo.-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

pIe heard the choirs praising meetings; by a' greater earnest- we found an abnormal perce9,t., God in song. ness about Christian faith and age attributable to overindul:. life; by improved leadership for gence in alcoholic beverages by A choir competition was held, student groups, both in quality auto operators both young. and and 1935 completed fifty years of personnel and in time and in- old. I regard the greatest enemy since the Tongan Church bfoke terest given by the leaders to the to the safety of highway traffic away from the parent Church in work. to be the auto driver who oper- Australia. At the recent jubilee ates while in the glow of cock..; celebration of the Methodist Methodist Union Plan tails and other strong drinks."!;'", Church a massed .choir of 1,500 voices san g the Hallelujah Details of a plan to bring -United Presbyterian. Chorus. 8,000,000 American Methodists together into a united church Books for the Blind -The Missionary Review after more than 100 years of of Australasia. separation have been made pub- Next year the American Tract· lic by Dr. H. E. Woolever. A Society will begin a new century Union Work in the Philippines judicial council is to be formed, of service for the blind. The with power to rule on the consti- Society has appropriated $1,000 The United Evangelical Church tutionality of church conference for printing the Pilgrim's Progof the Philippines which was actions. It also provides for the ress in raised letters in 1936. formed in 1929 by the union of administration of the merged They have already recorded this the Congregational, U nit e d church through a general con- as a "talking book" for the blind. Brethren and Presbyterian de- ference, meeting every four Twenty-five sets of records costnominations, has 39,266 church years, and jurisdictional confer- ing $12.00 per set were sent as members, was 126 ordained pas- ences which divide the member- Christmas presents to various tors and 165 other workers. The ship in the United States into institutions for the blind. A ruling body is a Church Council six areas and the work outside special fund was raised by the made up of elders and presidents the United States into a series of Society for this worthy enterof the church organizations. The central conferences. prise, so that the blind can purwork has a national scope. Be- chase sets of these records at a sides the usual pastoral tasks, The "articles of religion" shall fraction of their original cost. home missionary work is carried be those historically held in on among the wild tribes in common by the ,three uniting The Belmont Plan northern Luzon, in southern churches. While the word "Epis- Mindanao and among the Moros. copal" will be dropped from the The Belmont Presbyterian title, the new church will be Church of Roanoke, Va., faced -Presbyterian Tribune. episcopal in government. this situation in 1933: A new church had been built in 1929 NORTH AMERICA Before the plan can go into when money was easy, costing effect it must be approved by the $30,000 and incurring a debt of Students and the Bible general conferences of the three $15,000. The membership was denominations. Two of these 352. The silk mill where many Chaplain Knox, of Columbia meet next May and the southern worked had been shut down for University, stated at St. Paul's church two years later. Then the six months. Debt accumulated Chapel: local c h u r c h e s must ratify on interest and running expenses through annual conferences. to $2,600 and there was no one It is very remarkable to see the in- from whom they could borrow. creased interest among students in the Drink and Insurance Defeatism was rife. The pastor Bible. One finds that there are those was tempted to leave. Then the who are eager to study it, who ask Frank G. Morris, President of thought came, why not try God's intelligent questions, who want to read the Standard Surety and Cas- way? One Sabbath morning the scholarly books which will help them ualty Company, has expressed pastor requested each of the in understanding its contents. Par- himself as follows: "One of the members of his congregation to ents who recognize their responsibility most momentous problems be- write on a slip of paper the seek to learn how knowledge of the fore casualty insurance execu- amount of their weekly income, Bible can ,be imparted in the right tives at this time emanates from but to leave the slip unsigned. way, and they stress the right way. the disastrous loss experienced He found the average weekly in- Educators more and more realize that under auto liability policies dur- come to be $18, a total income of an acquaintance with this "greatest ing the calendar year 1934, $2,160 for the congregation. If English classic" is essential, and are which amounts to little less than that amount were tithed the instituting courses wherein thorough a cataclysm. Our company, like church would get $216 a week, knowledge can be gained. These signs our contemporaries, was flooded and if put into operation in the point clearly to the way in which the with an avalanche of accident congregation for a period of Bible can be made once again "the reports involving many deaths three months all deficits could be people's book." and serious personal inj uries, in wiped out and all running ex- numbers far exceeding prior penses paid. Rev. John Maxwell Adams, years. In analyzing the causes general director of university religious work under the Presbyterian Board, believes that an awakening religious concern among stu den t s is shown through larger attendance of students and faculty at religious

Twenty-five of the 27 church The second anniversary of re- Hospital Work in Guatemala officers signed a covenant to tithe peal found the drive gaining their income and bring it into headway as far as Barrow, Dr. C. A. Ainslee writes inthe church for fifteen weeks. northernmost post of civilization terestingly in Guatemala News The pastor then visited the mem- in Alaska. During the past six of hospital and ambulance "out bers and sold the idea to 118 out months, nearly 700,000 gallons work" in that country. The amof 120 wage earners. On the first of beer, wine and hard liquors bulatory clinic was held at EI day, the offering leaped to $173, were consumed in Alaska, al- Rancho in July, when hundreds and then to $228; the largest though its population is only were treated and Gospel seed amount received on anyone day about 60,000. sown. Dr. Ainslee considers the was $450. The total amount for harvest of this kind of service the period was $2,626 as over -New York Times. possibly greater than that in against $600 for the same period hospital work. "The daily routhe year before. It resulted in LATIN AMERICA tine is a story of daily rounds, all the deficit being wiped out, listening to reports of the sick, all bills paid, and a happy peo- Mexico Fights Alcohol and checking them with those of ple. While the covenant to tithe the nurse. Many of the patients, was for a period of fifteen weeks Mexico is in the thick of a especially those whose stay in liquor traffic fight. President the hospital is being paid for by ro only, yet when it was all over Cardenas has the backing of the others, contrive to find a new nation's women in this fight, pain or ache for us every morn- 72 of the original tithers which is against pulque and te- ing; our lack of interest involves agreed to keep it up. quila. "It is up to them more the patient in the responsibility than anyone else to solve the of conjuring up a new one for -United Presbyterian problem," he said recently, "for tomorrow. It is odd how a tele- Leaflet. the sake of their children and gram from home asking them to homes, and to see that their hus- come soon for a fiesta, will often Visiting Campaign in Canada bands and brothers make good turn a poor pain-racked body use of the money they earn. into an animated bundle of joy A friendly visitation of all the Women will be satisfied to know in a few short hours. families of the United Church of that they have undertaken a Canada is being planned in con- great work. In the case of ex- "Native doctors are becoming nection with the 10th anniver- treme necessity," he warned, "I more efficient medically. We feel sary of union. This will mean may even have to prohibit the that when the time comes to turn calls by ministers and laymen in manufacture of liquor, so that this work over to them-and this 440,000 homes and on 77,000 this work will not be in vain." thought must always be at the members not connected with forefront – that the hospital families. The enterprise was – Watchman-Examiner. work will be one of the Mission begun with a visitation of the branches that will feel the presbyteries by conference lead- Honors For Trinidad change the least, and this gives ers. The presbyteries are send- us great encouragement." ing members to all of the official Honors attained in the mission boards of the churches and fi- school of the United Church of In Guadalajara nally each congregation is· to Canada in Trinidad reveals the have a call from office bearers. high standards of the school's Rev. Clarence A. Neff, Amer- More than 1,667,000 Canadians East Indian teachers. One ican Board missionary, is imwill receive greetings from their teacher gained permanent pos- pressed with the sincerity of church-not for a financial can- session of the agricultural so- President Cardenas of Mexico. vass, hut for friendly talks about ciety's shield given to the school He says that the situation in the well-being of the home, the having the best school garden Guadalajara – and evidently church and community. for the year. His school at Jor- over the country as a whole-is dan Hill won this distinction for much happier than it was a year -Presbyterian Banner. three successive years. In 1933 ago. Although the anti-ecclesias- and 1934 Canadian mission tical legislation remains on the Prohibition for Alaska schools won the Madoo Gold books, there seems to be great Medal awarded to the best all- leniency in its enforcement. The Early in December, Eskimos around primary school in the col- ban on the circulation of reliin Alaska petitioned the Terri- ony, and of the final six schools gious publications has been torial Board of Liquor Control examined for this distinction, lifted. Due to the discouraging at Nome to reenact prohibition four were Canadian mission outlook for private schools in statutes, making it a crime even schools. Mexico, the Colegio EI Pacifico to give an Eskimo a drink of in Mazatlan was closed in June. liquor. In their petition, the The Tyzabod Canadian Mis- Then came a letter from the Nome natives declared "the ex- sion School won first place in an state director of federal schools, cessive use of intoxicating liquor exhibit of handwork, the first urging that the institution be reby Eskimos and persons of rural school to receive this recog- opened, especially in view of the mixed blood is highly demoral- nition. izing to the race." -United Church Record.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

efforts he had made to get gov- his countrymen, became a mem- Antonio Serrano. The work is ernment recognition for it. The making a slow, but sure, begin- ber of the Presbyterian Church, ning under his leadership. Dur- School reopened with 80 stu- ing the summer Senor Serrano dents. -Missionary Herald. then began to visit the hospitals made many visits to churches in Madrid and elsewhere with the and jails of Santiago, helping the object of getting in close contact with their youth work. As a re- Work of Bible Institute men as they got out to rehabili- sult he has received invitations Graduates from a number of ministers to tate themselves. He rented a assist in the organizing of Sun- day schools in their churches. small house, established a man -The Life of Faith. The Central America Evan- and his wife as caretakers, and Bibles in Spain gelical Bible Institute is training as the men got out of jail or hos- The National Bible Society of native young people for places of pital, took them there, until they Scotland takes advantage of the Book Fair in Madrid and other responsibility, since the national- could find work. Presently he cities to sell Evangelical litera- ture. This year conditions have istic trend in this country may gave up his luxurious apartment been unusually adverse. Such outbursts of Romish fanaticism result in a situation similar to and went to live there. Last year have not been witnessed for years. Young Romish fanatics that in Mexico. A former stu- he bought a fine piece of prop- blocked sales by saying that the Book was of no value: that it dent, working in a difficult field erty out in one of the nice sub- was not the true Bible, that it was full of evil, that it was imon Lake Nicaragua, has suffered urbs of the city, not far from possible to read i.t. Groups sta- tioned themselves short distances persecution, even stoning. An- our Instituto Ingles, and there from the stands, stopped persons who had made purchases, obligother in Nicaragua is assistant erected what he meant to be a ing many of them to return what they had bought. pastor of Managua church while Home for his ex-prisoners, his The young fanatics, incited by a third is doing very ';ell as own dwelling and a lovely chapel the priests, would sometimes buy Gospels, only to tear them up bepastor of the Granada church. seating some 120 or 150 people: fore our eyes. One day one of them approached when several In Honduras and in Salvador The whole plant is now com- other persons were engaged in looking at the volumes. He graduates are doing hspalsenbdeied~ pleted. His hope is to be or- asked for a verse concerning sacrificial work. One Christ's Resurrection, and the dained as a Presbyterian piat swtoar~ colporteur, guessing what he had greatly used in a coast field to but in view of opposition in mind, handed him a Bible so that he should find it himself. build up the second largest evan- thought best to postpone it. He For a long time he searched for it in the Old Testament until, gelical congregation in that re- holds regular Sunday evening tired of his impertinence, the colporteur showed him the verse. public. Vesper services at the Home, He tried to argue that the verse denied the Resurrection, but was A woman graduate in Salva- and at 10 p. m. evening prayers hooted out of the crowd.

dor travels miles afoot, holding for his household, and for those Threats, even attempts, were made to burn the stall. As soon meetings and doing visitation of the neighborhood who care to as the Minister of the Interior heard of this, he gave an order work in her extensive field. come. He maintains this work that the stall should be guarded night and day by six soldiers. -Evangelical Christian. out of his own funds, and hopes One morning a well-dressed gen- tleman came to the stand accom- later to have a service in French panied by two others. He exam- ined the Bibles and admired the Vigorous Indian Church for the many French-Swiss Prot- Mr. A. H. Hawley, an E. U. estants in Santiago who are en- S. A. missionary, spent five days among coastal Indians of Peru, tirely without religious services. and writes of their spiritual progress. "These Indians have -Presbyterian News. erected two buildings in which to hold their services on Sundays, EUROPE when they meet for two or three hours for a season of prayer and The "Godless Movement" meditation over the Word of God. Invariably when they The Research Department of bring their wool to Arequipa for the Universal Christian Council, sale, they visit the mission house 2 rue de Montchoisy, Geneva, with the hope of learning a new Switzerland, has brought out a hymn or chorus." study booklet on "The Methods of the Godless Movement." Ex- -The Christian. tracts from Russian literature are given as illustrative of the New Work in Santiago type of propaganda and teaching being carried forward. The A young Chilean, Sr. Suber- study is not limited entirely to caseaux, belonging to an aristo- Russia but deals with the anticratic and wealthy family, a religious efforts of communism graduate of the Sorbonne in Psy- in several other European counchology, came in touch, in Rome, tries. The pamphlet is available with the Waldensian Church and in English as well as in German. was converted t h r 0 ugh and through. He returned to Chile -Federal Council Bulletin. with the idea of devoting himself to preaching the Gospel to Sunday Schools in Spain Spain now has a full time Sunday school missionary, Rev.

book stall. He proved to be the financial help caused by the diffi- their faith in Christ. A priest Minister of the Interior, and culties of the exchange. At pres- in Athens has founded 50 catebought a Bible. ent the German societies can do chetical schools, enrolling 5,000 no more than raise the amounts children. In Greece at large -Quarterly Record. needed to maintain their foreign there are now 559 such schools missionaries. for Christian instruction, with Estonian Prisoners 45,000 studying in them. This Nazis Close Seminaries priest has also organized 200 Thirty-one years ago the call Gospel meetings for women and came to Rev. Adam Podin to An armistice between the con- children. The 126,000 Moslems carry the Gospel to prisoners in fessional Protestants of Ger- in Thrace are the object of mis- Russia, but at that time it was many and the Nazi Government sionary interest. There is a impossible to gain entrance to gave some promise of making growing interest in the Bible; prisons. It was not long before the church, legally and tech- Sunday schools are being organa man, unknown to him, learned nically at least as free as a state ized ; also many philanthropic of his difficulty and promised church can be. This armistice societies and religious groups, help. Shortly afterward, Mr. was broken November 6, when with weekly meetings. Podin received documents grant- police and Hitler guardsmen ing him access to every prison in closed two independent theolog- -So S. Times. Russia. ical seminaries, one recently es~ tablished in Berlin, the other at AFRICA In Siberia there were half a Barmen in Westphalia, which million prisoners, and not one the Confessional Synod had set Pioneering in Ethiopia Christian worker to minister to up free from government contheir spiritual needs. trol. Both professors and stu- Southern Ethiopia is peopled dents were placed under tem- by primitive, barbaric tribes, Mr. and Mrs. Podin have also porary arrest and finally turned with little or none of the Ambeen working for leper prison- out of the building. . haric culture found farther ers, both men and women. north. These tribes are Hamitic New Anti-Jewish Decree and have no connection racially, -The Christian. socially or religiously with the The New York Sun puhlishes Semitic ruling class, but are Flemish Protestants the provisions of Germany's new heathen in every sense of the anti-Jewish decree: word. Most of them would be Under the auspices of the classed as animists, and some are Belgian Gospel Mission, Flemish 1. Jews cannot be citizens, but only even charged with cannibalism. Protestant Christians assembled State subjects, and only citizens may Near the Kenya border is a comat Ghent in November for the vote. munity where a young man caneighth annual convention. The not qualify for matrimony until purpose was to strengthen their 2. All Jewish civil servants must he has first proved his prowess spiritual life. Gratitude was ex- resign by December 31. They, and by slaying a man, whose blood pressed for the liberty for Gos- war veterans, will receive pensions on must be displayed on his spear pel witness enjoyed in Belgium, the regular scale according to rank. blade. Mr. and Mrs. H. B. Street, in contrast to closing doors of the Sudan Interior Mission, around them in other parts of 3. Jewish teachers in Jewish public have entered this field, and be- Europe. -The Christian. schools may remain in their jobs pend- ing the first white people to ap- ing an exact definition of their status. pear found themselves objects The German Missions of curiosity of a friendly sort. 4. Generally no non-Jew may marry The Year Book of the United a Jew, but there are provisions for For the first few months the German Missions for 1936, under waiving the rule in special cases. Streets found a most surprising the name of the "German Evan- interest in the Gospel message gelical Foreign Missions," gives 5. "Aryan" maid servants in Jewish and were encouraged by the the newest figures for the year households may remain in their jobs, large crowds that gathered reg- 1934. On the fields of these if, by December 31, they will have ularly to listen. Some years ago united missions there are 1,552 completed their thirty-first year. a native prophet had exhorted European missionaries and 11,- the people to repent and turn 400 paid native workers. These 6. Foreign Jews resident in Ger- unto the Lord. He told them that have under their care 1,263,876 many are subject to the laws; for- some day a white man would native Christians and 62,000 in- eigners generally who are not resident come proclaiming the way of ,salquirers. They have 4,256 day are not affected. (This would apply vation, whose words they should schools and 100 high schools, in as regards mixed marriages.) carefully heed. Then the devil which they instruct 260,000 took a hand. While the Streets pupils. There are 35 European "Life Movement" in Greece were away several deaths ocand 8 native doctors in 34 hos- curred in the community. The pitals. During the year covered The Greek Orthodox Church old men concluded that the reaby the report the numbers of na- is giving evidence of an evan- son for these deaths was the tive helpers, converts and pupils gelical revival. A series of meethave kept on increasing not- ings was begun over a year ago withstanding the utter need for by a civil service official, who gathered others in government employ in his home for the study of the prophecies. These groups have been growing larger, and many have made confession of

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

presence of the missionary. They peace. . . . I only wish that . . . relief of the sick and suffering accordingly decided that any instead of a mutilated Gospel has grown considerably, the last women or children caught bring- which explains the confusion and report telling of over 300,000 ing wood or hay to the foreign- the infidelity of the peoples of treatments given at various hos- ers would be put in chains. The Europe they would return and pitals and dispensaries. It is old men said that their god was lead others back to the true Gos- now possible to travel by motor angry with them for listening to pel which began with the crea- l)Jmost from the Niger to the the "Jesus Christ matter," and tion of the world." Nile, stopping each night at a that they had decided it was best -Woman's Missionary Christian mission station.

to continue offering their sacri- Friend. -The Christian.

fices to Asa, the native prophet, but the missionaries are not dis- Suez Men's Work Teaching a Mute the Gospel couraged. Moslem bigotry combines with Mr. H. A. Ogilvie, of the Su- -Moody Institute Monthly. intense nationalism to put ob- dan Interior Mission, sends this Prayer for Ethiopia stacles in the way of the "Suez interesting story to the Moody Men's Work." It had been evi- Institute Monthly: The Ethiopia Prayer League dent that some institution, in ithas been formed in England to self unobjectionable to the "man A frequent visitor at the mission compound was Wawa, a mute, a enlist and encourage prayer dur- in the street," was called for, bright, cheery-faced boy. To teach the ing the time of Ethiopia's need, especially since the majority of boy the mission house was used as an and to supply information con- Egyptian men know practically object lesson, the missionary using the cerning the missionary situation sign for to build, and then pointing to in that land. The issues in- nothing of the social side of himself, thus meaning that he had home life and spend their leisure built the house. Other objects which volved are not primarily eco- sitting in cafes where the atmos- the missionary had made were used, nomic, territorial or racial, but and finally a tree. This time the mis- phere is harmful. After many sionary shook his head to show that spiritual. Progress of the Gos- attempts a "Reading Room for he had not made that. He pointed pel in Ethiopia during the past Young Men" was 0 pen e d. into the sky, using the sign for father.

seven years has been possibly Arabic texts and Copping pic- Other objects were used, as rocks, birds, flowers, the missionary each without precedent in the history tures adorn the walls. One room time pointing up and using this sign. of missions. Evangelism is be- is provided with papers and Wawa is a quick lad, and he perceived ing intensified from Lalibella in magazines, secular and Chris- that he was being told of the Maker the North to Bulke in the South, tian, and there is a small library. of all things.

a revision of the whole Bible in chiefly of religious books. An- Then the sign for son was used, teaching that the Maker of all had a Amharic is in progress, the blind other room is devoted to games; Son; an only One, holding up one are being taught to read, the sick another is a retreat for in- finger. Different signs were used to are being healed, and hospitals quirers, and it is hoped even- depict the suffering of the Son for us, and churches planted-all this is tually for Bible classes. A radio His death and His resurrection. Heaven was described as the place jeopardized by war. About 100 has been installed and is proving where there is no sickness or death. missionaries remain at their a great asset. No stubbed toes, which would have an posts, and look for prayer-sup- appeal to a barefooted boy. Step by -Egypt General Mission port during these crucial days. News. step signs were worked out which -The Christian. Sudan United Mission would declare the way of salvation by faith in the Son. It was surprising Menelik Wrote a Missionary In a little over twenty-five how quickly the truth was grasped, years the Sudan United Mission and before long Wawa was going into It is of interest to read a letter has established a chain of mis- town and by his sign language telling written in February, 1896, by his people of the Maker of all things who lived in heaven, and of His Son, Emperor Menelik of Ethiopia to sion stations across the Sudan, who is the Saviour and Friend of an English missionary. He said: and today 136 missionaries are sinners.

"You are mistaken in thinking actively at work. Until 1910 Ohristians Grow Slowly ,that I do not care for your only one convert had been bap- prayers. All prayers of believers tized, and at that time there was At McLean Station, Presbyare dear to me, even when they not aNew Testament in any of terian West Africa Mission, one come from the children of Eu- the languages spoken in this group rebelled against the dis- rope. Not all are aggressors on region. Now there is a whole cipline of the church, withdrew, my kingdom: not all commit the Bible in Hausa available and in and attempted to start a new iniquity of attacking those whom growing use, and a number of church of their own. It is a they hope to find weaker than smaller portions of Scripture in tribal affair, for they are very themselves; not all have bent several of the tongues. In the jealous of other tribes. For two the knee before Baal, the god of last two years more than 200 years thi~ has been going on, but destruction and the slaughterer were baptized. Sunday church they ar~ beginning to realize of his brothers. Many, I am attendance averages 5,000. that a church which defies the sure, still truly adore the God of From the first small begin- rules given in the Bible for the Cross, the God of justice and nings the Mission's work for the Christian living, soon becomes a

very weak affair. Some are Paterson Smyth's "L i f e of but with books and other extras. coming back, a few of the wom- Christ," Father Gerard's "Man- At Christmas time a Russian ual of Intercession" and a bottle woman of Meshed joined a misen, one or two of the men, being of peroxide. After reading the sionary in getting up a party for brave enough to come and say, label on the peroxide bottle he refugees when, for once at least, thought that it would be a good everyone had all he could eat. "I am finished with it. I see it beginning. Many came for ,the is nothing and I do not want to medicine and were inclined to In Ramadan students in the have anything more to do with listen to what he had to say as girls' school asked to have gifts it." We have put them to the he was from a secondary school. intended for them sent to chiltest, in asking them if they Later the missionary sent him a dren in an orphanage. The girls would give the offering they had useful parcel of medical stores themselves made up Christmas and prayed for him. bags and filled them with gifts refused to give the church the they could make from their past year, and they have not only WESTERN ASIA scanty resources. In Tabriz, consented but have done so, two older students made it possible very different things in this End of German Missions by gifts of clothes and money for country where lying is second in Turkey two very poor girls to continue in school. nature and no one has any scruples about it. -Pastors' News Sheet.

-Presbyterian News. INDIA AND SIAM Congo Statistics The question of religion is agi- Evangelism on the March At the beginning of 1935 there tating the minds of the Turks to A Five-Year Forward Movewere 42 Protestant Missions and a great extent. It appears that ment, planned by the National Christian Council, is the Christhree independent stations hav- not even Mohammedanism can tian response to communism, naing work in the Belgian Congo, continue to hold them noticeably tionalism, secularism, atheism, and in the Belgian mandated ter- at present. The reason is that modernism or whatever other ritory of Ruanda Urundi, an the Turks are casting about for "isms" challenges the Gospel as area covering s 0 m e 966,000 a religion that might be consid- the power of God unto men's salsquare miles with a population ered intrinsically Turkish. Their vation. Efforts of other agencies of about 14 millions. The total writers lean to the view that are all bearing fruit; the entire number of Protestant mission anything coming to them from Bengal – Orissa Mission reports stations in this vast central por- . the outside cannot fill the re- Forward Movements. The main tion of Africa is 199, with 893 quirements and are seeking to responsibility for the movement missionaries. As for native construct an eclectic religion will be on the churches themhelpers, there is now a splendid that is more or less ethical and selves, the National Christian army of 13,058 pastors, evan- that is not earmarked by the in- Council and provincial Christian gelists and teachers, among them fluences that are not strictly Councils, which will arrange a large number of well-trained Turkish. As a result Christian conferences, issue literature and Christian men of many years ex- and even Mohammedan missions attend to details. Before the speperience in Christian work. The have a hard time of it. This is cial efforts begin, early in 1936, adult baptized church member- only in line with the extreme a preparation of seven weeks by ship now numbers 238,807, and nationalistic tendencies that are churches is suggested. the total Protestant community everywhere at work along non- religious lines as well. Sacred Books Burned exceeds a million. -Congo Mission News. The Hiilfsbund of Frankfurt, Following a recent decision of the Depressed Classes to leave has now, two years after the the Hindu fold, about 1,000 De- pressed Class youths from vil- Fighting Heathenism with driving out of the last German lages in Bombay Presidency met Peroxide sisters from Marash, succeeded at a conference recently and per- in disposing of the last proper- formed "obsequies" to Hinduism. A boy of seventeen, student at ties it had left there. The mis- The ceremonies included the an Episcopal boarding school in sionaries had the feeling that burning of the Manu Suriti Johannesburg, heard that two of since the prospects for further (Laws of Manu) and other his sisters had died suddenly in mission work in Turkey are Hindu sacred books upholding one day and a third was violently over, God Himself seemed to untouchability. A pyre was preill; that heathen neighbors were have closed the doors to them pared into which books, one trying to persuade the mother to and so they have sold all that after another, were unceremonigo to the witch-doctor to learn was left to them. ously thrown to the accompaniwhy the daughters died. The boy ment of funeral orations detail- returned to his heathen home at The Christmas Spirit in Iran once, in great distress of mind to fight the heathen. Assyrian refugees and Rus- He told the school teacher that sian prisoners in Meshed have the only thing to do was to start been cared for by the mission a Sunday school to combat the group, not only with gifts of evils. He left school armed with clothing and payment of rent

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ing the offending passages in the Youth Evangelism in Siam ties of this work. The Governor and other high officials were books. -The Living Church. For many years, under the present, and several Chinese and Burmese teak dealers and gen- guidance of Dr. William Harris, eral merchants. The s e all Bible Week in West India Principal of Prince Royal Col- pledged to do all they could to support the work we have been The Bombay Auxiliary of the lege of Chiengmai, teachers of doing and to try to get leper British and Foreign Bible So- clinics established throughout thIS school have gone out during the province." ciety invited all missions and churches of West India to take the hot vacation season to the MISCELLANEOUS part in a united campaign of country villages pre a chi n g Scripture distribution during the Whole Church a Missionary first week of last November, Christ. In the spring of 1933, more than one hundred young Society The objects were thus summarized by the Society: people of northern Siam came to- There is no Moravian Mis- gether for study and preparation sionary Society b e c a use the To ~each people and districts hith- whole church is a missionary soerto insufficiently visited, or entirely to carryon vacation Bible ciety. About one in every sevuntouched, by present colportage schools in the villages. In the enty-five of the members bemethods. comes a missionary, as compared Chiengmai field alone ten groups with about one in 5,000 in the To counteract the influence of cheap churches generally. Countries went out, and 736 children were to which Moravians have carried enrolled that year. In one par- the Gospel include Northwest ticularly difficult village several America, G u ian a, Labrador, Moskito Coast, Demerara, Northsecular literature, definitely harmful families came into the church. west Alaska and East-Central in character, which is finding an in- Africa. They maintain a leper creasingly wide circulation throughout Other village communities were home at Jerusalem, and work India. stirred, friction has been eased among lepers has been carried and new interest aroused. on in South Africa since 1818. To emphasize the value of Scripture There are over 300 stations, yet distribution as an effective means of These young people continued the annual expenditure amounts evangelism and worthy of a more to work in 1934, and in southern to but little over £100,000; of prominent place in the evangelistic this less than half is raised at program of missions and churches. Siam six more vacation Bible home, the greater proportion be- schools were added, making a ing the contribution of the mis- To encourage voluntary service and sion fields. -The Christian. individual witness on the part of all ' total of 1,292 children enrolled, Approach to the Jew members of the Christian Church. plus the 1,151 children who were Rabbi Mendelsohn, editor of To cooperate with the National taught the same lessons in spe- The Sentinel, a Chicago Jewish Christian Council in its projected pro- cial time in seven mission journal, believes in the sincerity gram for a Forward Movement in of Dr. Conrad Hoffmann, Gen- schools. The 196 teachers were eral Secretary of the Interna- Evangelism. -Dnyanodaya. the young men and women from tional Committee on the Chris- tian Approach to the Jews, and Refuses to Teach Koran the Christian schools who were says that since Dr. Hoffmann is again willing to give of their a born Christian, Jews are glad to listen to him, which they A Mohammedan con v e r t time and themselves. would not do, were he a con- -Women and Missions. verted Jew. "Jews object," says named Nur (Light) is one of the Rabbi Mendelsohn, "to the meth- od and type of approach usually new pupils in the United Pres- For Siam Lepers pursued. If those who are inter- ested in missionizing a m 0 n g byterian Normal School at Sial- Jews will send to us only men like Dr. Hoffmann they will obkot. Since her baptism she has The National Church of Siam viate a serious obstacle on the been teaching in a Mohammedan has been doing a work among the road to goodwill between Jews village school, where she refuses lepers for about two years. This and Christians." to teach the Koran. She regards the theft of her Bible as the is not a mission activity. A vilhardest persecution she has suf- lage is maintained with 33 pa- tients, most of whom have befered. She had the joy, how- come Christians. "During the ever, of seeing her mother, who first ten months or so the probis still a Mohammedan, enroll in lems of discipline and organizathe beginners class of that school tion were very difficult," writes in order that she might some day one of the workers; "during the be able to read the Bible for her- later months we have been self. Nur's joy at being in greatly encouraged by the attischool is not so much for the tude of cooperation and Chrisnormal training as the oppor- tian fellowship on the part of the tunity for getting Bible .teaching patients. There has been no efand growing in spiritual things, fort or intention to build a hosso that when she goes back to pital or other expensive edifices live among her. Mohammedan in this work; we would like relatives she may better be able. to give all the medical attention to give them the reason and the patients need, and the reliproof of the hope that is hers in gious instruction n e c e s s a r y. Christ. There have been two meetings of -Women's Missionary the representatives of the com- Magazine. munity to discuss the possibili- Our Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information The Turkish Transformation. A itself to a new situation wherein it authorities in the investigation Study in Social and Religious De- must confine itself to the domain of velopment. By Henry Elisha Allen, conscience. of the earliest traces of human Ph.D. 251 pp. $2.50. University life and thought on our earth. of Chicago Press. Chicago. 1935. The question remains whether The book is the reasoned convic- To make an exhaustive study of the reactions in Turkey and Islam as a religion can function tion of a true and sturdy Chris- outside of Turkey to the fall of effectively in such a secular tian scholar in defense of the the Caliphate and the rise of the new dictatorial Republic would state. The author has used his biblical account of man's origin require several volumes and many years of careful study and material with great skill. After and of the origin of his religious travel. The author remarks in an historic introduction and an belief and fundamental social his Preface that Islam is not a unit, which is true. On the account of the penetration of and moral ideas. It is amazing other hand, it is a system of Western civilization, he deals to see the facts which Dr. thought, of social life, and a religion. Whether the forces that with Turkey's res e n t men t Zwemer has gathered showing are playing on it in Turkey have against the religious incubus of the return of contemporary completed their task or not, the survey here made is of deep in- her own faith. This first part of thought toward the historic terest. the book is followed by an ac- · Christian tradition. It need not count 0 f the revolutionary · be said that one feels throughout Of the composite mass which goes to make up Islam, no unit today pre- changes that have taken place, the glow of Dr. Zwemer's deep sents a more interesting or amazing picture than Turkey in its eager rush the construction of a loyal uni- faith and rich spirit. R. E. S. to escape from the toils of ignorance and superstition which have for so fied state and the new spirit evi- Ethiopia, a Pawn in European Dimany years retarded her progress. plomacy. By Ernest Work, Pro- When one remembers the centuries of dent in Turkey's present social fessor of History, Muskingum Colbitterness and bloodshed, of jealousy institutions. The two final chap- lege, Formerly Advisor to Ethiopian and misunderstanding, in the relations ters deal with missionary educaof Islam and Christianity, and when one realizes that Turkey, long the tion, its possibilities and limita- Government. 8 vo. 354 pp. The champion of Moslem orthodoxy and tions, and the place of Islam in Macmillan Company. New York. most redoubtable aggressor for the the new Turkey. There is an ex- 1935. faith of Mohammed, is now making tensive bibliography and a good herself into a Western nation accord- sketch map in the cover. The Italo – Ethiopian controing ta the very pattern of those Euro- versy has centered the attention pean states which for so many years S. M. ZWEMER. of the world on a country until she despised and feared, he cannot recently practically unknown to deny that he is witnessing one of history's most significant phenomena. The Origin of Religion. By Samuel most of the reading public. Here before our very eyes is occurring M. Zwemer. 8 vo. 256 pp. $2.00. True, the coronation of the Ema transition of civilizations, the aban- Cokesbury Press. Nashville, Tenn. peror Haille Silassie I in Novemdonment of practices which originated 1935. in Arabia, based upon union of reli- ber of 1930 gave this country gion and politics, the adoption of pat- The origiriallectures delivered much publicity, but the general terns which developed in Europe, by Dr. Zwemer at the Columbia impression left by news reports based upon separation of religion and Theological Seminary at De- at that time was that the country politics. Far-reaching consequences catur, Georgia, have been sup- was some semibarbaric curiosity. of this transition may be observed in plemented by additional ma- Today she stands before us as government, law, education, and so- terial. The whole volume deals the prize desired by a European cial structure. Religion, which but with the origin of religion, of the nation and one to be secured by little more than a half century ago idea of God, of the world and warlike conquest. was the test of citizenship, has been man, of prayer and sacrifice, of Professor Work's book will severed from the constitution. Islam, fire as a symbol of deity, of mar- convince the reader that the shorn of its prestige, strives to adapt riage and ethics, of ,the belief in world powers in general are immortality. Dr. Zwemer does aware of the value of this coun- not accept the naturalistic theory try, the last independent empire of these origins. He believes · in all of Africa, but the general that monotheism is the primitive public is unaware of the subtle faith of mankind and not an evo- machinations of international lutionary development. His book politics. In vivid fashion, with is buttressed on every page by every important statement sup- Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the RlWrltw publishers OD receipt of price.

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OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

ported by documentary evidence, what is to happen in the future. gelical Church and Sunday Professor Work shows how school membership. Ethiopia has been for more than If Italy gains the land she dehalf a century the pawn on Eur- The story of the present Evanope's chessboard, with England, sires so as to connect Eritrea gelical Movement is encouraging as it gives evidence of spiritual France, Italy, Russia, Germany, and Italian Somaliland, then life in the Mexican Church. Turkey and Egypt as the play- Anyone wishing a just, clear and France is cut off as a competitor, accurate appraisal of Mexico toers. Ethiopia the lowly pawn day must read this book. has been shoved about at will, and only England and Italy re- Ralph Norton and the Gospel Missacrificed whenever a new move main. If HaiIle Silassie objects sion. By Edith F. Norton. Illus. in the game demanded it. Egypt, 8 vo. 253 pp. $2.00. Revell. New Turkey, Germany and Russia to this amputation of his strong York. 1935.

have been eliminated by clever right arm-the barrier country This stirring love story tells of moves of the other contestants the ideal married life of Edith until only England, France and so valuable to his future-it may Fox and Ralph Norton whose love for each other is subordi- Italy remain. be that the League (viz. Eng- nate only to their devotion to Professor Work continues his Christ and to those for whom land, France and Italy) will have they gave their life service. The report of the game of interest- Nortons have done for Belgians ing, although at times also to put sanctions on him to en- what Robert W. McAll did for the French. With a less wideshameful and nauseating, inter- force the amputation. spread organization behind them national politics by citing the in England and America, they This is not a volume to be have been used to accomplish as clever moves of each of the three great spiritual results as the contestants – England, France skimmed through in an evening. message of love, voiced by Mr. and Mrs. McAll accomplished and Italy – to eliminate the There is much solid food for among the working classes of other. The chessgame became France. more like a foxhunt, with the fox thought. The chapters entitled, himself watching every move Ralph Norton was born in Inand outwitting the hunters at The Land and Its Surrounding; diana on November 10, 1868, and after attending DePauw Univerevery turn. What a fox Mene- Italy Tries for the Pawn; Italy sity, followed by a brief business lik II proved to be, learning the career, entered Moody Bible Insubtleties of the game from ob- Loses the Pawn; and The Pres- stitute. He took up evangelistic servation, eluding them one after work, became Religious Work the other! The prize fell to none ent Situation, are especially in- Director of the Y. M. C. A. and then for ten years was associated of the ,three because each was so teresting. The seventeen maps with Dr. J. Wilbur Chapman and zealous that the other should not Charles M. Alexander. During get it. are of inferior quality as to the World War, Mr. and Mrs. Norton worked among the sol- The picture Professor Work clearness and art and could be diers and refugees. They went to the Belgian Front and as a releaves with us as we finish read- greatly improved. A compre- sult the Belgian Gospel Mission ing and reflect on the plight of was founded in 1918. Since the present Emperor, Haille hensive Indix and Bibliography then sixty-six stations have been established for evangelical mis- Silassie I, is that of a lion-the are appended. There is perhaps sion work in nine provinces; Lion of the Tribe of Judah-as thousands have accepted Christ many have called His Majesty, no other one book which covers and have been transformed. although he does not call himself Two Bible Training schools are by this name for he knows it re- even a chapter of the same ma- conducted and evangelistic work is carried on in halls, tents and fers to Christ. The Lion roars terial here presented, as Profes- by Gospel cars. This mission is from the Ethiopian heights, as one of the few good outgrowths sor Work refers extensively to of the World War. It is being he sees the hunters closing carried on by Mrs. Norton and around him. His eyes flash as official documents not readily ac- her associates, with the help of he sees those whom he thought an American Committee of his friends, turn against him cessible. He presents the case which Dr. Charles G. Trumbull and betray him – no cringing is treasurer. of Ethiopia most clearly. ' monarch of Africa but a fearless lion showing his teeth. STUART BERGSMA.

The student of accurate, liv- Religion in the Republic of Mexico. ing history, proven by authorita- By G. Baez Camargo and Kenneth G. Grubb. Illustrations, maps and tive documents, will :find the charts. 8 vo. 166 pp. 58. World scales dropping from his eyes so Dominion Press. MiIdmay Park. London. 1935. that he sees the professed altruism and big-brother protective We have here timely study of a land and people much in the attitude of the larger nations to- public mind. The authors are ward small ones are sham. well qualified to speak with au- Further, Professor Work's book thority. Prof. G. Baez Camargo almost enables one to predict is a Mexican Christian, secretary of the National Council of Evan- gelical Churches in Mexico and secretary for Christian Educa- tion. Mr. Grubb was formerly a missionary in Latin America and recently visited Mexico to study the situation. The survey is reliable and up to date with descriptions of ancient and mod- ern Mexico, recent political and religious developments, and the evangelical situation and out- look. There are very valuable appendices on Protestant mis- sions, five excellent maps and two charts showing the Evan-

How to Teach Evangelical Christian- college into Y. M. C. A. work in many years as the African St. ity. By Theodor Heckel. 8 vo. 121 pp. Zondervan Pub. House. Grand China. Later he became secre- Paul of the West Coast Church. Rapids, Mich. 1935. tary for Asia and through his Miss Garlick describes graph- Dr. Norman E. Richardson, of ChiGago, and Klaas Jacob Strate- travels at home and in Asia met ically the planting and growth meir have translated this work of the "Counsel for the German a multitude of interesting people, of the Christian Church, the es- Evangelical Church Union." It is a book for teachers and Chinese and Americans, and has tablishment of schools, training preachers, an exposition of methods found effective in Ger- had many valuable experiences of Christian workers and the many for reading and teaching the Bible as the Word of God. during Chi n a's revolutions. transforming influence of the We will do well to learn from Evangelical German Christians These he describes in a delight- Gospel- in Nigeria, S i err a -as we have since the days of Luther. Theodor Heckel is a ful, informal way, without phil- Leone and the Yoruba country. representative of the scientific osophical digressions but with It is an inspiring story. and spiritually-minded German teachers. The Bible is to be interpretive insight. The chap- The Answer of God. Seventieth Antaught as fact, not fiction; as niversary of the China Inland Misrevealing man in his weakness ter, "I Take My Bearings," is sion. By Marshall Broomhall. Paand the possibilities of growth in particularly refreshing and reholiness; God as supreme and Christ as divine Saviour and vealing. Mr. Brockman, how- per Cover. 12 mo. 93 pp. C. I. M. Lord. Many helpful suggestions are here made on how to make ever, seems to us to misrepresent London. 1935. the Bible live. early missionary motives and to Some think the age of miracles Christ and the Student W orId. By "discover" many things that is past. Here is the story of sev- Robert P. Wilder. Introduction by other missionaries have long enty years of miracle. This brief Robert E. Speer. 80 pp. Cloth, 75 known about the Orient. cents. Fleming H. Revell Co., New history of the China Inland Mis- York. 1935. The Bible in Our Day. A Symposium. sion reveals the wonderful way This little volume of eight ad- 12 mo. 184 pp. $1.00. The Oxdresses, given by Dr. Wilder to ford Press. New York. 1935. in which the Mission was born students in many lands, will be and developed, was guided, prowelcomed by students in America and by those who are inter- The four hundredth anniver- tected, provided for and made ested in spiritual work for them. sary of the English Bible has fruitful. The Mission began These addresses have already ap- brought forth many volumes on peared in Great Britain where the subject. Here is one with with one station and no conthey have had a wide sale. The much stimulating thought by .verts; now there are 345 statopics include the basis for Christian character as found in seven well-known writers of dif- tions in China and 8,670 were Christ, the Bible, prayer, moral ferent denominations. baptized in 1934. During the struggles and Christian service. first fifty years, 50,700 publicly Dr. Wilder's many years of work professed their faith in Christ; for students in India, Great Britain and the Continent of Co-verdale Speaks, by Charles F. during the last twenty years, Europe and in America, as well Wishart of Wooster College. 107,000 more were baptized-an as his own spiritual experience, average of over 2,000 a year for have given him a deep insight Searching the Scriptures, by Chas. the whole seventy years. The into the needs of youth and the E. Jefferson of New York. most effective way of reaching income-without any denominathem. This book makes an ex- One Book for All People, by James cellent gift for students just en- I. Vance of Nashville. tional church backing or definite tering college. appeals – has grown to nearly Rejoicing in Hope, by A. W. Beaven I Discover the Orient. Fletcher S. of Rochester. Brockman. 12 mo. 211 pp. $2.00. Harper & Bros. New York. 1935. lAle in the Light of the Bible, by $1,000,000 in one year. The Fletcher Brockman, a South- W. Russell Bowie. total income for seventy years erner from Georgia, went from Across the Barriers of Language, has been 0 v e r $25,000,000. by A. R. Wentz of Gettysburg. There are now 1,082 mission- For Such an Age as This, by Lynn aries on the field and 286 at Harold Hough of Drew Univer- home. sity.

The presentations are popular, Winning the Border. Baptist Mis- not theological; practical, not sions Among the Spanish-speaking critical. Peoples of the Border. By Una Roberts Lawrence. Pam phI e t. With the C. M. S. in West Africa. Home Mission Board, Southern Bap- A Study in Partnership. By Phyllis tist Convention. Atlanta, Ga. 1935. L. Garlick. 12 mo. 79 pp. Is. Church Missionary Society. Lon- The Mexicans in the United don. 1935. States and over the border have constituted a real problem in the The work of the Church Mis- southwestern states. Here is a sionary Society in West Africa study of their background and began less than a century ago characteristics, their history and when slavery, warfare and su- Evangelical work among them. perstition everywhere prevailed. The book is especially valuable Today the people are free and for Southern Baptists but con- many have found new life in tains much interesting and use- Christ with education and posi- ful information for all who seek tions of trust. Nigeria is the to promote the Kingdom of God. field in which Bishop Samuel There are 857,194 Mexicans in Crowther served effectively for Texas, New Mexico and Arizona.

features of the book are New Books Una Alajaba de Flechas Para

the pronunciation of Mexican Arqueros Del Senor. Bautista words, suggestions for teaching A Serious Aspect of the Abyssinian Rinorosa. 120 pp. Institute .l!;vanand questions for discussion. Situation. Joseph J. Cooksey. 50 gelico. Rosario, Argentina. The work of the Baptists has pp. 18. World Today Series. New been greatly blessed among these lVlildmay Press. London. The Furtherance of the Gospel. W. people. O. Carver. 146 pp. 60 cents cloth, China Christian Year Book – 1935. 40 cents paper. Baptist Sunday The ~olitary Throne. Some Religious Edited by Frank Rawlinson. 458 School Board. Nashville. BelIefs of Mahatma Gandhi in the pp. Christian Literature Society. Light of Christ's Teachings. By Shanghai. Prove Me NoVi. J. Edwin Orr. Bishop Brenton T. Badley. Booklet. "10,000 Miles of Miracle to Mos- 62 pages. Lucknow Publishing The Case for Missions in Modern cow." 128 np. 18. Marshall, Mor- House. Lucknow, India. 1935. India. E. C. Dewick. 30 pp. 3 gan & Scott. London. Annas. The Palghat Mission. Pal- If anyone wishes to know just ghat, South India. Can God? "10,000 Miles of Miracle where Mr. Gandhi stands in ref- in Britain. 18. 128 pp. MarShall, erence to Christ and His teach- The Church of Christ and the Prob- Morgal1 & Scott. London. ings, he cannot do better than lems of the Day. Karl Heim. Chas. read this book by one who knows Scribner. World Friendship. A Bibliography. both Christ and Gandhi. Bishop Gertrude E. N. King. 79 pp. $1.00. Badley, who has been a Chris- Christ and the Student World. Rob- Chapman and Grimes. Boston. tian missionary in India for 35 ert P. Wilder. 80 pp. 75 cents. years, gives forty quotations Revell. New York. Philosophies of Father Coughlin. from Mr. Gandhi-all of which Sermons by W. B. Riley. b~ pp. contradict the clear teachings of The Essentials of Life. W. H. Grif- 25 cents. Zondervan Pub. House. Christ. In many points the fith Thomas. 126 pp. 18. Picker- Grand Rapids, Mich. Hindu teacher is in harmony ing & Inglis. London. with Jesus but in points that dif- The Making of a Pioneer: Percy ferentiate Christianity from the Eastern and Central Asia. World To- Mather of Central Asia. Mildred ethnic religions he is at variance day Series. 34 pp. 6d. New Mild- Cable and Francesca French. 288 –especially as to His deity, His may Press. London. pp. 58. Hodder & Stoughton. Lonunique character and authority, don. His position as the only Saviour God the Christlike. J ames Robertfrom sin and the only hope of son Cameron. 242 pp. $2.00. Cokes- India's New Constitution. A Survey immortality. Mahatma Gandhi bury Press. Nashvllle. of the Government of India Act, looks upon Christ as a great 1935. J. P. Eddy and F. H. Lawton. teacher and example but he says: The Great Evangel. Lynn Harold 239 pp. 68. Macmillan. London. "When I fancied I was taking Hough. 164 pp. $1.50. Cokesbury my last breath, the Gita (Hindu Press. Nashville. A History of Abyssinia. A. H. M. Scriptures) was my solace." Jones and Elizabeth Monroe. 196 "An Hundred Fold." The Faithful pp. 68. Oxford University Press. The New Home and Other Papers. Steward's Dividend. David McCon- London. By Capt. Reginald Wallis. Paper. aughy. 31 pp. B. I. C. Assn. Chi- 1 8. Pickering & Inglis. Glasgow. cago. The Real Abyssinia. C. F. Rey. 11- 1935. Ius. Map. 291 pp. 108.6d. Seeley His Things of Power. Norman B. Service. London. Captain Wallis is an evangel- Ha.rrison. 62 pp. B. I. C. Assn. ist and Bible teacher, with a mis- Chlcago. II If you use sion especially to young men. His addresses here printed relate The Lad with the Lunch Basket. PRINTING to heaven, death, conversion, Donald Davidson. 18. 96 pp. Pickcreation and victory. They are ering & Inglis. London. YOU will profit from an acthe products of Bible study, spir- quaintanceship with us. We itual experience of God and Duncan Main of Hangchow. Alex- do the job complete in our own knowledge of men. ander Gammie. 38. 6d. Pickering plant, whether it be large or & Inglis. London. small. Oh Carry Me Back. By E. A. Bland. 8 vo. 317 pp. 28. 6d. Pickering New Testament Biographies. H. C. While our specialty is Books, and Inglis, London. Moore. 75 cents. 230 pp. Baptist Magatines and Pamphlets, vet Sunday School Board. Nashville. we have a variety of modern This boys' book records the de- equipment to meet all the revelopment of a thoroughly hu- Religion in the Republic of Spain. quirements of your particular man youngster, Quaker back- World Dominion Survey Series. job. You will find our service ground, who sinks to the depths C. Araujo Garcia and Kenneth S. prompt, careful and courteous. of degradation, but is rescued by Grubb. World Dominion Movement. his mother who crossed the London. Will you allow us to estimate ocean to find him. on your next printing ? We be- Ruled by the Rudder. K. M. Mac- lieve you will be delighted with Leod. 320 pp. Pickering & Inglis. our product, price and service. London. The EVANGELICAL PRESS Songs from the Slums. Toyohiko Kagawa. 94 pp. $1.00. Cokes- PTinters of bury Press. Nashville. The Missionary Review of the World Taken Unawares. John Macbeth. 112 PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE pp. lB. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- Third and Reily Slreets Hlnl,burs, PI. don.

The Unveiled Vision. Edith Hick- man Divan. 18. Pickering & In- glis. London.

When Do Teachers Teach? Doak S. Cambell. 60 cents cloth, 40 cents paper. Baptist Sunday School Board. Nashville.

Year Book of Negro Churches. Com- piled by Bishop Reverdy C. Ransom. 111 pp. Wilberforce University, Wilberforce, Ohio.

HUNDRED YEARS OF THE BIBLE IN

Last November marked the one hundredth anniversary of George Borrow's arrival in Spain as agent of the British and Foreign Bible Society. Since then the circulation of the Bible has been maintained whenever political conditions permitted, and the total circulation of the Society in the last 100 years has been approximately 6,857,000 copies. On July 20, 1935, a Bible coach bearing the name "George Borrow" was dedicated in Barcelona for the work.

The National Bible Society of Scotland (N. B. S. S.) began work in Spain in 1862. By far the greater part of the' circulation has been in Spanish, although there is an increasing de- mand for a translation in modern Catalan, and several parts of the New Testament have been published in that language.

In 1930 both societies circulated 277,099 copies and last year 249,903. The demand has not decreased but the supply has been limited, due to lack of funds.

The value of the Bible cannot be estimated in these figures. The desire to understand the Book has been a not inconsiderable factor in the spread of literacy; and it is the ground of faith in the hearts of many who have not identified themselves with any organized Christian Church. It has influenced the outlook of leaders and thinkers, and increasing familiarity with it is already being reflected in the literary expression of Spaniards. It is a matter of much satisfaction that since the Republic both the Roman Catholic Church and the publishing busi- ness have increasingly seen the need of placing the Book within the reach of the people.

The Bible is the most valued possession of the Evangelicals in Spain. A study made in 1932 by the World Dominion Press showed a Spanish Evangelical community of only 21,900, of whom 6,259 were full communicants. But, as with the Bible so it is with those who cherish it: their influence is out of proportion to their numbers. Persecution and absence of liberty have rendered the existence of evangelicalism exceedingly precarious in the past; while today Christians of all convictions have to face the spread of organized godlessness.

A great task thus still awaits accomplishment in the Peninsula. In 1932, of the 48 prov- inces in Spain, 11 could show no organized Evangelical church; and in 27 provincial capitals there was no Evangelical witness of any active kind. In so far as has been possible the con- ditions of wider liberty afforded by the Republic have been taken advantage of, and in the task which still lies ahead the Bible will continue to be the foundation of all evangelistic and Christian achievement. KENNETH G. GRUBB.

READ THE COMING ARTICLES By MISSIONARIES, NATIONALS AND TRAVELERS THE DIVINE CONSTRAINT OF CHRISTIAN MISSIONS • The Archbishop of York THIS ENLARGING WORLD. .•. . • • • Arthur J. Brown THE CHRISTIANITY THAT THE WORLD NEEDS. Frank C. Laubach MEXICO IN THE REMAKING . . • • Gonsalo Baez Camargo EGYPT AND THE NEW DAY • . • • • • Mrs. Anna P. White OPPORTUNITIES IN KOREA . • • Mrs. Induk Pak MISSIONARIES AND SIMPLE LIVING . • • • • • • • • • Muriel Lester Also Look for the Special Number on Africa and Home Mission Number on Negroes in America Have you sent your subscription for 1936? Send it today and make your yearly volume complete.

Each issue contains valuable hints for "Effective Ways of Working."

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD Third and Reily Streets, Harrisburg, Pa. $2.50 a Year 25 Cents a Copy

The Missionary Review of the World — March 1934

MARCH,1934

Medical Missions in Arabia W. Harold Storm Challenge of the Present Crisis Charles R. Watson Education and Religion in Mexico John A. Mackay Experience of the China Inland Missiol1 Robert Hall Glover A Century of Bible Work in China Eric M. North Aboriginal Medical Practice T. Theodor Webb

To Remember One book you must NOT miss! icine in Korea. Of the 500 taking

examination, only 16 were successful March 8-IO-Medical Missions Con- JOHNR.MoTT in passing. ference under the auspices of the Medical Committee of the Commit- WORLD CITIZEN *** tee of Reference and Counsel. New York. by Keith Song, graduate of Chosen Christian College, Seoul, has invented April 3-5 – Federal C 0 u n c i 1 of BASIL MATHEWS the first practical typewriter for the Churches, ,Department of Evan- Korean language. gelism. Columbus, Ohio. An avalanche of praise for this ex- *** April 26-May 7-General Conference, traordinary book. "Will take its Methodist Episcopal Church, South, The Rev. Dr. William Raymond Jackson, Miss. place among the really great biog- Jellifi.e, former associate pastor of the May 20-26–Church Conference of So- raphies." (S. M. Cavert.) "A great cial Work, Kansas City, Mo. Madison Avenue Presbyterian Church, picture of a great man." (Paul has been elected president of the New August 21-24-Tenth National Con- York City Mission Society, succeeding vention, Evangelical Brotherhood, Hutchinson). "Again I say, possess the late William Sloan Coffin. Other Evangelical Synod of N. A., Mil- officers elected were Philip W. Henry, waukee, Wis. and read this book." (Bishop J. C. vice-president; Edgar C. Leaycraft, treasurer, and Luther H. Lewis, secre- Personal Items Baker). Illustrated. $3.00 tary.

Motoichiro Takahashi, Dr. Kagawa's HARPER & BROTHERS *** companion in peace work, whose poems have appeared ,ftom time to 49 East 33rd St., New York Mrs. Hume R. Steele, for fifteen time in American journals, died last years the beloved and honored Wommonth and leaves an aching void in Dr. Catherine L. Mabie, for thirty- an's Candidate Secretary of the Board the hearts of his friends. His was a five years a. Baptist medical mission- of Missions of the Methodist Episcosimple, lovable and powerful spirit. ary in the Congo, has been honored by pal Church South, has recently been the Belgian Government with La Croix retired in the process of reducing the *** de Chevalie1' de l'Ordre Royal du Lion. budget. Mrs. Steele has rendered out- standing service to the missionary Dr. Kagawa, in response to repeated **• cause. In 1914 she became Educationinvitations, left Japan the latter part al Secretary of the Woman's Missionof January for a month's trip to Miss Soon Chun Park, a graduate ary Cquncil, planned missionary'study Manila and the Philippine Islands. of the Chosen Women's Medical Train- courses and new literature. As Can- ing Institute, was the only woman who passed the recent Government ex- didate Secretary she pioneered a new amination for license to practice med- department in her Board and was also an effective member of the Executive Committee of the Student Volunteer Movement and the North American Student Council, and a member of the Committee of Reference and Council of the Foreign Missions Conference.

cIIn Assured Income Starting Now Investments, seemingly safe, may vanish over night leaving one without support in old age. Many individualsrealizirig the difficulty of selecting safe income-producing securities have adopted the Annuity Plan of The American Baptist Home Mission Society.

PROTECTED FOR LIFE A woman who received a yearly income of $2,500 from the Society wrote as follows when making an additional annuity gift: "It gives me pleasure to place the above amount with The American Baptist Home Missictn' Society, for I know from long experience what care the investment will have under the management of the Society. I wish you to know, too, what a comfort it has been to me to feel sure of a certain amount of income:'

Many others who have adopted this annuity plan are most happy in knowing that they have made sound investments; are absolutely protected for life; and have the added satisfaction of knowing that their money will go on serving Christ's cause indefinitely after their earthly requirements are ended.

DOES NOT LESSEN OTHER CONTRIBUTIONS As gifts ~n the annuity plan represent the investment of funds that would not ordinarily be contributed toward church support and benevolent objects, they do not lessen giving to the local church. Your annuity gifts as well as your contributions to the unified denominational budget, through the local church or otherwise, help to maintain the work of this Society that is the agent of Northern Baptists in carrying the gospel message to spiritually destitute places in the United States and Latin America.

Further information furnished upon request THE AMERICAN BAPTIST HOME MISSION SOCIETY SAMUEL BRYANT, Treasurer 22 East 26th Street •. New York City

MISSIONARY article by Stanley Jones; reports of SPEED· COMFORT·

REVIEW OF THE WORLD addresses at the Florida Chain of Missionary Assemblies; articles on Empress ofJapan …pride ofthe Pacific DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor "Present Opportunities in Home Mis- "GO EMPRESS" … to Honolulu, sions." Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, VOL. LVII MARCH, 1934 No.3 Shanghai, Hong Kong, Manila. *"* Swift sister ships, Empress of Asia Publication and Business OIDce and Empress of Russia, reach Y0- Third and Relly Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. The special numbers this year will kohama in 10 days flat … via Direct include one on "Orientals in America" Express Route. Empress of Japan Editorial and Executive OIDce -a very rich and interesting theme; (blue-ribbon Pacific liner) and Em- and one on "Japan As a Mission Field press of Canada reach Honolulu in 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Today." We have a remarkable series 5 days, and Yokohama in 8 days of papers promised for each of these more. Entered as second-class matter at numbers. Send your orders in ad- FREQUENT SAILINGS . .. from Van- Post OIDce, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act vance. Previous special issues were couver (trains to ship-side) and of March 3, 1879. soon exhausted. Victoria. Luxurious First Class,out- standing Tourist Class, low-priced 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. *** Third Class. Orient fares include Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. passage from Seattle. Published monthly, except August. We continue to receive encourage- Reduced round trip fam. All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1934. ment from readers who find the RE- Booklets, information • •. from any VIEW stimulating and valuable. Here Canadian Pacific agent: New York, MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- are some recent comments- Chicago, San Francisco, Montreal, LISHING CO., INC. Vancouver, and 30 other cities in "I want to tell you how greatly I United States and Canada. BOARD OF DIRECTORS appreciate the recent issues of THE ROBERT E. SPEER, President REVIEW, especially the January copy. WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President I have heard a great many favorable WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer comments from pastors and people in DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary the church." FRANK W. BIBLE, SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD Secretary for the Central Area, WM. B. LIPPHARD Board of, Foreign Missions, ERIC M. NORTH Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. MILTON T. STAUFFER A. L. W ARNSHUIS "Might I take this opportunity to SAMUEL M. ZWEMER say how valuable I find the REVIEW. Some magazines I read quickly, clip Editorial Chat from with impunity; then toss away. Not so the REVIEW. I copy from it Our Annual Meeting but keep it intact; it is invaluable for reference." MAMIE C. G. FRASER, An interested group of friends gathered at the Annual Meeting of Editor, Women's Missionary THE REVIEW at 156 Fifth Avenue, Society of the Presbyterian New York, on Thursday, February 8, Church in Canada. at 3 o'clock. Reports of the Treasurer and Secretary for the year 1933 were And here is a letter written, not to read and approved. These show great the REVIEW, but to pastors of Ohioreason for thanksgiving and encour- a good deed: agement, but there is need for continued cooperation in making THE "The January issue of THE MIS- REVIEW effective. More adequate sup- SIONARY REVIEW OF' THE WORLD is so port is required through gifts to the chock-full of splendid material, so per- Maintenance Fund, through advertis- tinent to missions, that I just had to ing and by increase in circulation. An send you this letter to call your attenimpressive address on the "Present tion to it. If you are looking for ma- Opportunities and Responsibilities in terial stimulating to your own life Home Missions" was given by Dr. and rich in sermonic helps, this is the William R. King, Secretary of the issue you should get. Send 25 cents Home Missions Council, and a very to the Evangelical Press, Harrisburg, stimulating address by Dr. S. G. In- Pa., for a copy of this magazine. man, Secretary of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America, who G. M. GORDON, has recently returned from Monte- Chairman of Poreign Missions video. He pictured effectively the progress of the Gospel in Latin Amer- Committee. Dayton Presby~ ica and the new opportunities there. tery. The President of THE REVIEW, Dr. Robert E. Speer, called attention to "In my work as chairman of Missome of the present issues that affect sionary Education the REVIEW is inthe missionary cause and that show valuable. The articles, the helps in the need for such a magazine as THE planning programs, the book reviews, REVIEW, one that stands for the best and announcement of books, all blend and that will keep readers informed to make my work a definite unit of as to the urgent needs and encourag- procedure." MRS. D. B. KRAYBILL, ing progress of the work. Montgomery, W. Va., Chairman The Board of Directors was unani- of Missionary .Education of mously re-elected for the ensuing year. the Women's Missionary Fed- eration, American Lutheran DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary. Church.

*** "The February REVIEW is a fine issue…. You have been improving the Coming numbers of THE REVIEW REVIEW right along." will contain some remarkable papers and addresses that you and your FRANKLIN D. COGSWELL, friends cannot afford to miss – an Secretary, Missionary Education Movement.

[lUi]

ARAB "AMBULANCE" AND PATIENT BEING CARRIED TWENTY MILES TO THE AMERICAN MISSION

MUSCAT, ARABIA, LOOKING TOWARID THE GULF OF OMAN SCENES IN THE GREAT MOSLEM PENINSULA Here the Reformed Church In America has been working for over forty years and is practically the only mission seeking to give the Gospel to the Moslems of "Neglected Arabia." REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER THREE MARCH,1934 Topics of the Times IS THE CLOCK BEING TURNED BACK? schools, and India would probably follow the same In many lands the lines are being tightened to course if she were wholly independent. limit religious freedom. Five hundred years ago the Papacy controlled most of Europe; the Greek What are the causes of this reaction against re- Church ruled Russia and Greece; Islam ruled ligious liberty and the right of propaganda? An Turkey, Persia and North Africa; the priests of article in a Turkish magazine, Birlik, representvarious cults were in power in Asia and Africa. ing the Students' Union in higher educational in- There was little or no liberty to teach religion or stitutions of Turkey, throws light on the mental to worship out of harmony with the established attitude of the modern young Turk toward fornational or racial religions. Later, when Central eign schools. Here are some extracts, freely translated: and South America were settled by the Portuguese (1) Foreign schools cannot develop the kind of children and Spaniards, intolerance spread to the Western Turkey desires as citizens. . .. They are not nurseries of real education and culture but are producing young men Hemisphere. But the past two hundred years, of no patriotism and nationalism…. The aims of educaand particularly the past one hundred, have felt tion are determined, not by individual desires, but by so- the influence of a constant campaign against bigo- cial necessities. Education is the process of developing try and intolerance and there has been steady men in the ideals of society .[the National mold]. … In order that this socialization [nationalization] may be progress toward freedom of conscience in life and healthy, it should be carried on by its own citizens ….

worship. Most Roman Catholic countries have The aim is first of all to develop citizens .[nationalists] now thrown off the papal yoke-too often taking and then a blacksmith, soldier, etc.

on instead the license of agnosticism. Africa and (2) Missionary schools operate under foreign religious Asia and the Islands have responded to the light organizations and therefore their influence on the develop- ment of the child produces foreign modes of thought and of modern knowledge so that large release has life. Such education develops not a Turkish citizen, but a been gained from superstition and the domination cosmopolitan type-in language, in customs, in philosophy, of heathen priests and sorcerers. Even Moslem in literature, in religion…. Though they may not give lands, such as Turkey and Persia, have decreed religious instruction, these institutions emphasize "char- acter building" in moral education, in sports, in discussion the separation of Church and State, have opened groups and by personal influence…. The path that leads their doors to modern science and have permitted to these virtues [honesty and purity] is always through Christian preaching and teaching. Russia, the Christianity. While national holidays receive only per- chief Greek Catholic country, for some years al- functory attention, Christmas is a day for which great lowed evangelical preaching and worship and en- pporempparaantidoncsereamreonmy.ade and it is celebrated with much couraged Bible distribution. (3) The Near East College Association says that they Today the clock is apparently being turned are serving as a medium for the better expression of back. Not only does Russia forbid all religious American idealism by ingrafting the students with Westteaching of youth under eighteen years of age, ern ideas. While missionaries in Turkey are not working in old ways, yet they are endeavorng to load the Moslems but the Soviet authorities confiscate churches and with Christianity. The spirit hidden behind the concealed discourage all recognition of God. Turkey forbids religious and humanitarian teaching is the spirit of propa- religious instruction of minors; Egypt is seeking ganda for "American nationalism"; students are hypnoto prohibit all Christian missionary activity; Per- tized to consider Americans the best people on earth. These teachers are commissioners for Western imperialsia, Japan and China are endeavoring to exclude ism…. Their purpose is not to increase the numbers of religious teaching from both public and private believers in Jesus, but to promote their personal aims ….

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Those who send their children to foreign schools are not America. A weak nation, or one in a period of good Turks. If you love your children keep them out of these houses of exploitation. transition like Persia, is much more fearful of un- due outside influence than is a strong, well de- The objections to Christian institutions in non- veloped nation like Great Britain. Also a country Christian lands are said to be mainly on these like Russia, that has suffered agonies because of grounds-"Christian missionaries take advantage counterfeit Christianity, is naturally afraid to of our need for education to establish their sample any brand of religion.

schools; they take advantage of our sickness to Christians are persuaded that Christ is the introduce their hospitals; they take advantage of only true and full revelation of the one God-the our poverty to establish industrial missions; they God who is the creator and personal ruler of the take advantage of our misfortunes to gather our universe, the God who is characterized by Light children into orphanages. All this they do to pro- and Life and Love. They are convinced that only mote their own ideas of capitalism, of imperial- as men recognize and obey this God, who is reism, of Western culture, of the Christian religion." vealed in Christ, will they enjoy the blessings of The modern revolt against religion and against this life and enter into the Life beyond. Chrisforeign institutions in these lands seems to be due tians have no selfish aim to serve in missionary to four main causes: propaganda, unless the effort to promote universal (1) The failure of many so-called Christian peace and goodwill can be said to be selfish. True leaders and teachers-as in Russia-to truly re- Christian missionaries enter the service out of veal the God of love, the Christ of sacrifice and love and loyalty to Christ; because they have a service, the Holy Spirit of truth, purity and message of infinite worth to pass on, an experience of untold value to offer to others, and because they power. (2) The close association of Western Christian- see the poverty, the ills, the ignorance, the many ity with foreign militarism, capitalism, control handicaps from which multitudes are suffering; because they are moved by the love of Christ to and culture. People, like the Chinese, cannot relieve the burdened ones. It is not a sense of understand why American Christians lavishly spend money in a foreign land unless they have superiority that moves to this service but a sense of debt to Christ and to fellow humans. It is the some selfish objective. motive that actuates one who has been cured of a (3) The growth of nationalism has developed dread disease and would share the proved remedy a strong determination to control all national with other sufferers; or one who has found a education and to promote national culture and treasure and is moved to use it to relieve the povcustoms. Each country naturally desires to train erty and hunger of those in dire need. The same its future citizens according to its own ideas. motive, intensified, prompts to missionary service as actuates those who offer food to the hungry and (4) Some missionary representatives, Cath- clothes to the naked, in times of famine and flood. olics and Protestants, have undoubtedly made use of unwise or unfair methods of propaganda. A May it not be that the present reaction against few may have sought to win converts by some missionary institutions in nations like China and form of bribery, coercion, fear, or subtle influence. Persia and Turkey, together with the decrease in One instance of such tactics. is enough to give a missionary conributions in America and England, false stamp to the whole enterprise. The moun- and a general call to revise our missionary methtain of good that missionaries do is buried under ods, all point to the wisdom and necessity for such one mole hill of un-Christlikeness. a revision? Has the time come to withdraw from the general and elaborate educational work, and (5) The present day retrogression in religious even from much medical and philanthropic work liberty is not so much due to the power of any in established centers, and to re-emphasize the special cult or to intolerance of a foreign religion as it is due to a tendency to discredit all religion evangelistic and pioneer work in fields where the or a desire to stamp on the nation a purely na- people are still without the Gospel of Christ? tional philosophy and culture. This is true in Mission hospitals and schools have done a great China and in Turkey. work, where they have truly represented the spirit THE SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM and power and message of Christ, but many of them have outgrown their definite missionary What is the way out of the difficulty for mis- purpose and program. They are looked upon as sionaries and for Christian churches in non-Chris- institutions for secular training and service. Do tian lands? The same policy should be accepted we not need to move out into the rural and unoc- for American and British teachers and preachers cupied regions with simpler forms of material in China, for example, as would be acceptable for equipment?

Hindu, Moslem or Mormon propagandists in Christ and His apostles "turned the world up-

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

side down," but they never established large in- that the presence of the American Mission, with stitutions with elaborate physical equipment, with its schools, impedes the nationalization of the As- foreign funds and under foreign control. They syrian people of the region. The request for with- went everywhere preaching the Word, healing the drawal has been presented in a friendly way and sick, proclaiming liberty to the captive and recov- the Government has made it clear that, should the ering of sight to the blind. They did it in the face mission so desire, other points in Persia may be of misunderstanding; they endured suffering, occupied by the missionaries leaving Urumia.

persecution and death; they did it without salary The Government has also offered to purchase the and without pensions; they did it in faith and buildings and grounds relinquished by the Mission.

their one purpose was to lead men everywhere to Some missionaries have already left Rezaieh turn to God and to become true followers of Jesus and others are to follow at the close of the present Christ. year of the Persian Calendar, about the twenty- Multitudes of Christians at home are as eager first of March. The closing of this work which as ever to give of themselves and their substance has long been dear to the church in America, sacrificially to make known this Gospel. They be- brings sorrow to many. It was here that many of lieve that it may be proclaimed and lived with the great missionaries to Persia lived and worked; such power as to transform men and to enlist and here many of them lie buried in the historic them in the service of Christ, but they are not little cemetery on the mountainside at Seir, a few interested in making sacrifices to support insti- miles from Urumia. What will become of the tutions that give chiefly secular training or that churches which will now be left to depend largely are well equipped and endowed but that do not upon their own resources? It is our prayerful produce adequate results in winning men and hope that they may receive added strength from women to Christ. the emergency caused by the withdrawal of the Mission.

PRESENT SITUATION IN PERSIA The official who has been carrying on most of The Persian picture today presents both high the negotiations is the present acting Minister of lights and dark shadows. The wave of nationalism which has swept over most nations of Asia Education. He is a graduate of the mission colhas also engulfed Persia. Reza Shah Pahlavi has consolidated and strengthened the Government lege in Teheran and is thoroughly sympathetic to and has brought to the country more stability and security than it has enjoyed for hundreds of years. the mission work. He recently appointed two The policy of the Persian Government made it members of the mission on committees that will necessary to concentrate large forces of troops in the region of Rezaieh, formerly known as Urumia, make recommendations for the revision of the where the first Protestant mission station opened in Persia nearly a century ago. The first Amer- primary and secondary curriculums for schools ican missionaries took up their residence there in throughout Persia. Registration has recently been granted to mission schools so that the re- quest to close the Urumia station should not lead to the conclusion that the present Persian Gov- ernment is opposed to the Christian mission work as a whole. J. CHRISTY WILSON.

the year 1835. During the World War all mem- NEW PROJECTS FOR THE PHILIPPINES bers of the staff were forced to leave Urumia for other fields and the physical plant was demolished After a third of a century under the friendly with the exception of the "Sardari" compound, upbuilding control of the United States, some formerly used by the American School for Boys. restless spirits are champing at the guiding bit This building remained standing because it was and are clamoring, not only for freedom but for used as headquarters for the police. When the independence. When the United States Govern- station was reoccupied after the war this com· ment took over control from Spain, after the pound was turned over to the Girls' School. Other Battle of Manila, the Filipinos were uneducated, buildings were reconstructed by the Mission, in- weak and poor. Many parts of the islands were cluding a new plant for the Boys' School, a new still savage, unsubdued and untouched. Super- hospital, a recitation building for the Girls' School stition, ceremony and ignorance were the chief and several residences. characteristics of the religion promoted by cor- Recently the Persian Government has requested rupt Spanish friars. The people generally were the American Mission to withdraw from Rezaieh illiterate and there was no liberty of religious and the Urumia region, before the first of April. thought and life. Foreigners, other than Spanish This is a border point and the ever-present prob- and some Chinese, were unwelcomed.

lem of the Kurdish tribes in the mountains of the Great changes have taken place under Amer- Persian-Turkish border no doubt justifies military ican protection and tutelage. The islands have concentration there. The Government also feels been brought under control of civilized laws and

despotism has been supplanted by democracy in sionary Boards Related to the Philippine Islands." representative government. This plan became effective on January 1, 1934, with the following Boards cooperating- The physical life of the people has been rejuvenated by sanitation, medical care, new roads, American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions business prosperity and peace. Intellectual life Methodist Foreign Mission Boards has been stimulated by free schools, the press and Presbyterian U. S. A. the great increase of literature. Religious liberty United Brethren is assured and a trained leadership developed for United Christian Missionary Society Church and State. American Bible Society World's Sunday School Union But the Filipino leaders are naturally not satis- American Baptist Foreign Mission Society (probably) fied. They want independence and full authority to determine their own destiny-in spite of men- This American Missionary Council will study acing dangers without and within. As a child together the problems and needs of their field, will supported and trained by his parents, is ambitious review the work, ~nd plan together more effective to strike out for himself, so these Filipinos are methods of promoting the Kingdom of God in the calling for self-determination and control. They Philippines. do not wish to be cut off from the advantages of free trade with America, or the protecting arm On the field this American Council will work of Uncle Sam's Navy, but they are eager to make through the National Christian Council of the their own laws, administer their own courts, select Philippines whose full-time missionary secretary their own rulers and spend their own funds- will be the Rev. E. K. Higdon, who has been the and as much else as they can get. representative of the American Bible Society. It is hoped that, in the interests of unity, economy The Independence Bill presented at Washing- and efficiency, plans may be developed to improve ton has not proved acceptable to the Filipinos. and extend the work of direct evangelism, Chris- Whether any other bill can be drawn that is ac- tian literature and education, medical work, the ceptable to both parties remains to be seen. rural and social program, stewardship and the training of Christian leaders. In the meantime the Protestant missionary agencies at work in the Philippines have been In every mission field the need of the people for preparing to advance their program of coopera- Christ and the blessings of His message of Life tion. About thirty-five years of evangelistic, edu- inspire various missionary-minded societies to cational and medical work have produced wonders undertake to meet this need. This they attempt in spreading a knowledge of the Gospel, in edu- independently, regardless of what others are docating the people, in the distribution of literature, ing. Then, because of differences in theology, in improving health through hospitals and clinics forms, worship, organization or history they find and in the training of Christian leaders. There themselves engaged in competitive missionary are now seventeen evangelical societies at work work. When ideas of comity begin to take hold in the islands-under nine denominations and the efforts are made to divide the territory (as in three interdenominational societies. From the Korea and Puerto Rico), or to form union or cofirst there has been an attempt to divide the ter- operative institutions, as in China and elsewhere. ritory and to promote cooperative effort. A Na- The last step for those not too widely separated tional Christian Council has been formed to in- in doctrine and method is to consolidate churches clude Filipino leaders and representatives of most and institutions, as has been done in some denomof the Protestant missions. inational families in India, China and Japan. After all the aim of Christians is to be so united Now an effort is being put forth to promote to Jesus Christ, and to be so completely under the still further unity and cooperation among the leadership and power of the Holy Spirit that the evangelical missions on the field and among the prayer of Christ may be realized "That all may Mission Boards in America. It is hoped that this be one"-in spirit, in purpose, in the fellowship will not only help to advance the cause of Christ of worship and service. in the Philippines but will be an example of what can be done in other larger and more complex "You young missionaries who desire to fields. put your whole lives into Christian service in A conference on cooperation was held in East Orange, N. J., last June with thirty-five repre- rural Japan should not talk religion at first. sentatives of eleven Boards present. This has been followed by other committee meetings on One whole year-just be kind. The second September 6th and December 15th. As a result a plan was launched with the approval of nine whole year just love the farmers. The third Boards to form "The American Council of Mis- year you may preach Christ-and they will listen to you." TOYOHIKO KAGAWA.

Medical Missions in Arabia?

By W. HAROLD STORM, Muscat, Arabia A Medical Missionary of the Reformed Church in America AT THE close of the sixth century after the Arabian Mission, issued in 1893, we read the fol- .r.. birth of Christ, the Arabian peninsula be- lowing: came the birthplace and cradle of Moham- The one greatest need of the Mission is a medical mismedanism. Succeeding generations witnessed the sionary staff. Medical work is the one phase of missionary phenomenal spread of this new religion from the effort which meets with no opposition, but for which there Arabian desert as the center out over three con- comes a fervent plea from the people. tinents until it reached the shores of the Atlantic on the west and far-off China on the east. Today Bertram Thomas, the great English explorer, there are some 250,000,000 followers of Mo- in his recently published book entitled, "Arabia hammed who bow five times daily towards Mecca, Felix," writes: "My medicine chest has acquired the pilgrimage city in west Arabia. for me a spurious fame and, as ever, afflicted hu- manity was brought to me."

When I paid my first visit to Sur in 1932, no medical missionary had ever been there before. The lame, blind and fevered were brought to me at once. A great crowd had assembled on the sea- front, even before I had landed from our sailboat. No questions were asked. It was enough that here was a doctor and here was suffering hu- manity.

A CARAVAN RESTING OUTSIDE A DESERT TOWN Medical missions have played an important part in advancing the cause of Christ in Arabia Today many parts of the Mohammedan world by the relief of human suffering and by the reare changing very rapidly. Arabia stands alone moval of prejudice, fear and superstition. As a almost adamant and irresistible to change both result the access is gained to minds and hearts from within and without. True, some changes are taking place even in this neglected peninsula. TYPICAL ARAB BEDOUIN OF DHUFAR The next decade will undoubtedly witness many startling transformations in life and habits and that would otherwise be inaccessible. The history customs of the inhabitants of Arabia. The Im- of the Arabian Mission clearly shows that the adperial Airways of Great Britain, the Standard Oil vancement of the Gospel has followed very closely, Company of California and the recent explora- step by step, the path of the missionary physician. tions of Bertram Thomas and St. John Philby have opened this hitherto isolated desert to the There are now seven missionary hospitals in Western world. Commerce is insistantly knock- Arabia (not including Iraq and Syria). On the ing at its doors. Thus far these rapidly develop- east coast the Government also conducts dispening changes have aff~cted but little the mental attitude of the people.

Into such a pioneer field the Arabian Mission of the Reformed Church in America came fortyfive years ago with its message of hope. The medical work of the Mission has been emphasized from the very beginning. The intolerant attitude of the Moslem mind towards the non-Moslem, especially toward a Christian teacher or preacher, gives way to a much more tolerant attitude towards a physician. In the fifth report of the [119 ]

saries at four ports. These hospitals are in per- was Peter Zwemer, one of the pioneers of the manent stations where the early doctors of the Arabian Mission. After thirty years those doors, mission have labored through years of patient long closed, are now being opened for the itinertoil. Slowly prejudice, fear and superstition have ating medical missionary. been broken down as, year after year, people from the towns and Bedouins from the desert have In 1931 a letter came from the Amir of Ja'alan come to the hospital to receive treatment – and asking us to come and treat his brother. For a have returned to their friends and homes with long time the Mission had been praying for such grateful hearts and a new vision of life. Their an opening. Ja'alan is a small section of southexperience was so different from anything they eastern Arabia but the leading tribe there, the Beni Bu Ali, is among the important tribes of A WAYSIDE OPERATION ON THE RUNNING BOARD southeastern Arabia. This call from the ruling Sheikh opened that section for the first time to had known that, after seeing the doctor at work, missionary work. Friendships made at that time they would often ask the reason for his coming are bringing patients into the hospital with among them to do this work. One Arab said to greater confidence and understanding. me one day in the hospital: When the doctor arrived great crowds gathered "Why do you do this to me? I see you are not that had never before seen a trained physician. here for any political reason or for personal gain. Caravans, with their burdens led by wild, greasy Why do you do this for me and my people?" Bedouins, came in great numbers and offered the finest opportunity to spread Christian knowledge I explained the reason and told him that back and influence. of our work was God's love for the Arab people. His eyes opened and I could see that there had In 1932 we made our third tour into unknown dawned within his mind a different conception of territory within three successive years. This us and our Message. Fear and prejudice no longer time we visited Dhufar Province and the desert held sway over him. between there and Muscat. Thousands of Bed- ouins and many tribes saw and were treated by a Opening Closed Doors doctor for the first time. Oh! the thrill of meet- Much of inland Arabia can only be visited oc- ing such groups and thus expressing to them the casionally from the coast towns where our per- spirit and teachings of Christ. manent stations are located. By these tours closed doors are opened, friendships are won, and At present the shortage of men and funds preinaccessible minds are made accessible. vent any further follow-up of these tours, but the In 1930 we made a tour inland to the top of doors stand ajar and Arab friends are shouting: Jebel Akhthar (Green Mountain) where for over "Come and help us." thirty years, the door had been closed. On coming down the mountain side we halted at noon to WAITING TO SEE THE DOCTOR-DISPENSARY CROWD rest while my hospital helper prepared our meal AT JA'ALOU of kabab (meat cut into small pieces and roasted over an open fire). An old gray-bearded Arab The more proficient the doctor, the greater will came up and said: "Thirty years ago I guided be the weight that his message will carry. There another of your people over these same hills." are wonderful opportunities for the medical mis- He could not remember the name of the man but sionary to investigate some of the many diseases he said that the stranger would often sit down and problems that confront him. Thus, from the with them beside the campfire and read to them wealth of clinical material, he can make worthout of his book about Esa (Christ). The man while contributions to his own field of science.

There is also the great field of hygiene and pub- lic health. Come with me to Sur, a city of several

WHY MEDICAL MISSIONS IN ARABIA?

thousand population and a great nomadic center. noon, two Arab men came and said, "Are you not Only one house in Sur has any kind of drainage going to have a service in the hospital this aftersystem. Large dumps are located at the intersec- noon as you do in Muscat? We want you to have tions of street corners, and are higher than the it." native huts surrounding them. These refuse heaps are the play ground for children and the feeding In a field like Arabia, there is the finest opporground for goats. Attempts are being made to tunity to link the medical side of the work up with the whole missionary program. Some critics of A SUR CITY DUMP HEAP AND PLAYGROUND missions are prone to pigeon-hole, almost cate- gorically, the different phases of mission work, combat ignorance and superstition and thereby attaching to each a separate "Modus operandi." to promote better living conditions. Some even treat them as individual entities rather than units having a centralized motivating force We have also the responsibility for safeguard- and working towards one common goal. It is ing the health of fellow missionaries. This is of true that each phase of work has its own peculiar inestimable value in helping to advance the cause requirements. To the medical missionary is asof Christ. A mission station must be healthy to signed the relief of human suffering, scientific rebe efficient. searches in his own field, and the building up of an efficient and workable public health system. To Some would advise medical missionaries not to the agriculturalist is given the problem of makspeak to sick folks about Christ lest we offend ing two blades of grass grow where only one grew them or prejudice their sensitive natures. before. The teacher faces the common problem of teaching the rudiments of learning and the Recently an outstanding Christian worker in task of developing and promoting an efficient edu- America was expressing to me this fear and was cational system. Each has something definite to criticizing missions for doing religious work in contribute to the general program of missions but their medical practice. She 'said that in this country such things were not done. I had been an in- A TYPICAL SCENE~THE SHIP OF THE DESERT tern in one of the large city hospitals, a church hospital of her own denomination. I told her that each should undertake to use his opportunities there compulsory religious services were held in and talents to win men to Christ and His service. each ward as the order of the day. Not only were the patients expected to listen but the nurses as Any ambassador of Christ must have chiefly a well. In Muscat we begin the day's work with passionate, devoted and intense loyalty to the One prayers, but they are in no sense compulsory and whom he represents. We who represent Christ anyone may leave whenever he desires. Personal in Arabia must have a passionate loyalty to Him work is done as the Spirit leads and as oppor- whatever may be our special line of work. tunities offer. As John the Baptist said of himself, "I am the Will the Mohammedan patient be offended if voice of one crying in the wilderness, make he be told about Christ? One morning I was straight the way of the Lord"; so medical misspeaking to the clinic crowd. The theme was sionaries in Arabia can say, "We are helping to Christ's words, "Come unto me and I will give pave the way for the Lord and to declare His you rest." In the midst of the service a very message of peace, joy and salvation." prominent Arab interrupted saying, "That is what we need, go on and explain what Esa (Christ) means when he says that." Several others nodded assent and showed their interest. Certainly no one was offended. In Dhufar, one Sunday after-

Laymen's Inquiry

Disbands n..A FTER over three years of work, resulting in Although the Laymen's Committee has been the publication of "Re-Thinking Missions" deeply concerned to have "Re-Thinking Missions" and the seven supplementary volumes, the understood by the supporters of the missionary Laymen's Foreign Mission Inquiry Committee has enterprise, it has at no time indulged in any efdecided to disband. While we do not agree with fort to further adoption of the recommendations their conception of the basis and main purpose of contained in the Report. Neither has it ever atforeign missions, we concede that they have ear- tempted to defend them. The position of the nestly endeavored to present the foreign mission committee has been that it was its duty to present enterprise as they see it and have shown more the Report with the Supplemenary series to the Christian spirit and courtesy than some of their American people and let it speak for itself. It opponents. We believe that the Report has been has on request, however, arranged for commisdiscredited because of its departure from the New sioners and fact-finders, as desired, to address Testament basis but that many of its practical groups in different parts of the country who were recommendations will be accepted and put into interested in having the report explained and operation. The Committee's statement is as fol- amplified ….. . lows: Our earnest hope is that the Report will be- The Laymen's Committee, organized to conduct come more and more effective as the inevitability an inquiry concerning foreign missions, feels that of its major recommendations is recognized by the purposes for which the Inquiry was organized an enlightened Christian public. The committee have now been achieved. These purposes were to perceives clearly the rising tide of interest in the make a fair and impartial study of the mission new viewpoint on missions and is profoundly situation in India, China and Japan to aid laymen grateful for the part the Report has played in to determine their attitude toward Foreign Mis- arousing such interest. The committee believes, sions, by reconsidering the functions of such mis- however, that the time has now come when the sions in the world today, with this general aim: program for making the Report effective should be in the hands of another group, with new leader- (a) To make an objective appraisal of their activities ship. in the fields visited. In order to clear the way for this new leader- (b) To observe'the effect of missions on the life of the ship, the committee, after careful consideration, peoples of the Orient. has decided to dissolve. In coming to this decision the committee wishes to express its deep convic- (c) In the light of existing conditions and profiting, tion that the truth in the Report will ultimately though not bound, by missionary experience, to work out prevail. Because of this conviction, they are a practical program for today, offering recommendations willing to leave the Report with the American as to the extent to which missionary activities of every people and disband with the consciousness of havsort should be continued or changed. ing performed their task with honesty, fidelity and a deep desire to serve the cause of missions. Their further duty was to present to the American public the findings of the commission and ALBERT L. SCOTT, Chairman. the facts gathered by the Institute of Social and Religious Research by the publishing of "Re- Thinking Missions" and the seven supplementary volumes. This task has now been accomplished.

AN AFRICAN'S THANKSGIVING I know that it is Jesus who redeemed me from sin. I want to thank the missionaries for enduring the'difficult things of our country. You came to us with joy even though we were so repulsive, and living in little houses one had to crawl into. Now we live in real houses and worship the living God and the Lord Jesus Christ who has saved us. They found us almost naked; now we are clothed. Now we know how to write, to make chairs of the bushrope of our own forest, to make shoes, to sew clothes, not to mention the things of the machines and the many other accomplishments of my brothers. We surpass in giving you thanks.

Silas Nna AbOlO.

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Challenge of the Present

* nDo New World Conditions Call for Changes in Missionary Method and Policy?"

-.. ~ By the REV. CHARLES R. WATSON, D.D.

I President of the American University at Cairo, Egypt A WIDELY prevalent view persists that we sionary boards of America, in their financial years are living to-day in critical and changing which ended in 192'9, received $21,489,089; four conditions. There are those to whom the years later, namely, during the year ending in word "new" arouses reactions of anxiety, if not 1933, they received but $15,007,540, or 69 per cent of fear or hostility. It represents fundamentally of their former high water mark. We compare to them discontinuity, loss, the the American staff under ap- imperiling of the assured val- pointment (including wives) ues of the old. It spells risk. The outstanding paper pre~ and find a reduction of 10 per It is not in that sense that we sented at the Foreign Mis~ cent for the same period, al- conceive of the unfolding of the sions Conference at Garden though the effort was generally aty is the one printed here world's development, or the made to avoid reductions in opening up of new chapters of in a slightly condensed form. personnel. In some boards the world's history. To us, the there are only half .as many old is ever in the new; it is It created a sensation and missionaries on the field as carried over; the new grows there were ten years ago. Nor out of the old; yet it is new and prolonged applause, for it does the financial barometer different, and if different, it faces the facts frankly, con~ show any sign of rallying; no calls for different attitudes and siders the causes for the ap~ one knows when it will stop methods, different approaches dropping. parent recent recession in missionary interest, the les~ sons and the remedy. It is a statesman ~ like presentation and policies. and every Christian will be The results of this financial There are three places in the encouraged to see the evidence stringency in the mission field missionary enterprise which of wise planning on the part are striking and tragic. Varimay call for corresponding of missionary executives to ous stages have been passed changes. The first is in the through. The first was a mere foreign field, in the method of follow the guidance of the pruning without actual loss. It conducting the missionary en- Spirit of God and to accept is remarkable, whether in a terprise abroad. The second is HThe Challenge of the Pres~ family budget or a mission's at home in the method of ad- ent Crisis" courageously, in~ budget, how a considerable ministering the work. The financial reduction may be ac- telligently and sacrificially. Keeping first things first, we must advance to victory in the third is in the form of the ap- name and power of Christ. cepted without loss of essential peal to the supporting con- values. But quickly missions stituency at home. were required to pass to a sec- New Financial Stringency ond stage of relluction, where salaries were cut 10 per cent, replacement of missionaries ceased, First among the new world conditions affecting native workers were discharged, certain instituthe missionary enterprise is the financial strin- tions were closed. Nor was it possible to stop gency. For certain boards the high water mark here. A third stage had to be entered where of missionary receipts was reached in 1920 or soon a second cut, sometimes a third cut, in salaries was after, so that for them the downward trend pre- inflicted-as much as 33 per cent. Missionaries at ceded the financial crisis of 1929. But the decline home on furlough were not returned to the field, was slight and we will note only that marked financial decline which has accompanied our na- all furloughs were postponed one year, mission- tional financial crisis. Eight major foreign mis- aries were even recalled, in some cases properties were sold. As a result in many areas discourage- * Condensed from an address delivered at the Foreign Missions ment has set 'In; health'IS. be'Ing endangered ; Conferene", Garden City, L. 1., New York, January 4, 1934.

[123 ] ' ..

morale is none too good; while outside the mis- financial but maximum spiritual program, based sionary circle we hear talk of missions having had on available resources, but which will indicate at their day, being at the end of their cycle. the same time special directions in which unex- pected resources might be invested. Meanwhile at the home base, boards are distracted with banking problems, board secretaries Seventh. If the foregoing plan were adopted, are absorbed in promotion activities if perad- it would become obvious that where two or more venture by one more speech another dollar or thou- boards are operating in the same area, these consand dollars may be secured. We have no inten- ferences on field policy should be coordinated. tion of picturing the situation as one of panic or Thus there would emerge a united mission policy of rout. Faith and courage have triumphed but for the entire area, where the funds and forces strong language is needed to portray adequately and activities of all the missions will at least be the sense of strain and the degree of damage consciously related to each other in one unified wrought. field program, even though holding to their sepa- rate mission organization. Nothing would chal- False inferences of all sorts might be drawn lenge unity on the field so much as to have the from this picture. But we are discussing the situ- representatives of the several boards visit a given ation for purposes of diagnosis with a view to field at the same time, conduct their investigations cure, so that we do well to face up to its implica- and study the problems of the field in collaborations. The implications of this situation seem to tion with each other or even together. Perhaps us to be as follows: the greatest achievements in missionary states- manship, the greatest increase in missionary ef- First. Missions are in for a reduced scale of fectiveness, the greatest economies in missionary operations amounting to from one-third to two- administratioll and the greatest inspiration in thirds of their former financial budgets. Christianity unity may yet come out of this de- pression if it results in the adoption for each mis- Second. The period of financial stringency seems sion field of a unified missionary program, in likely to last in the case of foreign missions for which church and boards and missions already at least three more years and possibly five. working in that area shall pool their men and their money, their minds and their hearts, their policies Third. The need of the hour is a program of and their methods, in one plan, to bring Christ to missionary activities in each field which will con- that area. sist not in a proportional reduction of the various elements of the former program, but a program We have been thinking of new policies for the completely recast and conceived in terms of the sake of their value to the field, but it is to be noted resources of money and men available; as also in that there are values of enormous significance to terms of other new conditions. the home Church in any such developments: for the example of such Christian unity and the chal- Fourth. The working out of a constructive pro- lenge of such comprehensive and creative thinking gram adapted to the new financial situation would will not be lost on the life of the Church in Amerbring to each field a sense of strength and security, ica, and might move it as nothing yet has done. of courage and hope, contrasting sharply with the sense of uncertainty now observable in many The New National Consciousness places. Weare witnessing to-day in almost every mis- Fifth. The working out in each field of such a sion field a national or racial consciousness and new program is justified by the probable five-year sensitiveness that introduces a new factor into continuance of the present financial stringency, both our missionary problems and our missionary and because five years from now, we shall be opportunities. Fifty years ago, the Egyptian with facing conditions so greatly changed that the ad- whom my father dealt was merely a human atom. vances we shall wish to undertake will lie in direc- He thought of himself as a poor man or as a rich tions quite other than in any mere revival and man, as a man of rank and power or as a man of extension of suspended activities. no honor, but he was just an unrelated individual, unless indeed he thought of his religion and was Sixth. The working out of a new program for thus related to his religious group as a member each mission field constitutes an undertaking so of the Islamic brotherhood or as a member of the difficult that it is going to require the combined Coptic Church. This was the only group consciousbrain and heart power of the boards at home, the ness that came to him. To-day his consciousness missionaries abroad and the native leaders both is, "I am an Egyptian; my country is Egypt."· lay and clerical. To this end, it would seem neces- This national consciousness has brought with it sary for each board to allocate at least one of its a whole set of feelings, of ambitions. The rise of strongest minds to visit each mission during this coming year, 1934-35, so as to sit down in conference with missionaries and native leaders on the field and to work out a five-year minimum

1934J THE CHALLENGE OF THE PRESENT CRISIS

nationalism has imparted to certain groups of allowing them to germinate in the life of a people humanity a consciousness of national egoism and producing what they may of theological interpre- egotism, national aspirations and attitudes. This tation, of social outworking, of ecclesiastical or- is something new: a new dynamic made available ganization, we bring in our foreign conceptions, and a new problem to be reckoned with. For il- so that, as Dr. Richter complains, in almost every lustration, listen to the recent complaint of a land the Christian Church is felt to be a foreign Turkish national as he passes in review your mis- church, however much we call it indigenous. Is it sion schools. The following appeared a few months any wonder that the emerging nationalistic con- ago in the Birlik representing the Students' Union sciousness should find in the work and methods of in the new higher educational institutions of missions something inimical and objectionable, Turkey: not because it is Christian but because it is alien "For long years the harmfulness of the foreign schools and foreign? One thinks of how Christ has slipped for the country has been emphasized over and over again, into our Western life with none of these disabilat conferences or through newspaper articles. . . . To un- ities, Oriential though He was. Must we not derstand the harmfulness of the foreign schools, we should modify our missionary enterprise so that it will first define the function of education. . . . 'Education is permit Him, with equal inoffensiveness, to slip into the socialization of the young generation.' … Who is it the life of China and Arabia, India and Japan, to- day? What, then, are some of the implications of that, in a foreign school, influences the development of the child? . . . It is a Catholic priest, or a 'Miss from New York,' or an Italian fascist, or a German nationalist, a this new world missionary situation?

member of another society-in short, a foreigner. . . .

When we pass to its educational function, we meet first What Must We Do? of all a moral education. You are constantly lectured about 'character building.' This work of 'character build- First. That we clothe the entire missionary en- ing' is without exception undertaken by American teach- terprise with a new spirit of humble, deferential ers and all the activities of the school are centered on this service. If the Christian missionary be a superior point. . . . The material for the inculcation of 'character being, or the bearer of a superior culture, let it building' is usually taken from the Gospels, without, how- not be his lips or bearing that will proclaim that ever, telling the student at the start what the source of the selection it. Another important activity of the schools fact, nor even his consciousness of it that will is the student discussion group. These are directed very keep alive a knowledge of this fact. Let it be those ingeniously and the student is always led in a certain to whom he goes who will bear testimony to it. As definite channel of thinking. This may be, for example, for the missionary, let him be the servant of Jesus such a virtue as honesty or purity of heart. But the striking point is this, that the paths that lead to these Christ, ever ready to be all things to all men: let virtues, though concealed at the start, all pass through that suffice for him. Christianity." However, the new day calls not merely for a Nor do such attitudes and feelings limit them- new spirit in the missionary, but a new spirit in selves to mere words. They take the form of gov- the sending churches. These foreign peoples to ernment decrees and legislation limiting the lib- whom we go are within hearing distance to-day erty of action of the missionary. In Persia, all as our missionary achievements are being reported elementary schools are forbidden to the mission- to the home churches. They read our promotion ary. In Turkey, all religious work is banished literature, our mission study textbooks, and they from the schools. So great is the national sensi- say, "We do not like the way you speak of us; it tiveness that, as a missionary from Turkey said is often harsh and unkind, sometimes even un- to me, "They do not want us to do anything for true; we do not like the way you glory in your them; they want to do it themselves. Even if it spiritual achievements among us; we thought you be a beneficent activity-an industrial school, an were serving us disinterestedly and, 10, we find orphanage, social welfare-they are jealous of our you nailing our spiritual scalps as trophies upon very success in operating such centers." the walls of your home churches; you glory in Missions, of course, were not primarily responsi- the breakdown of our culture and social fabric ble for the appearance of nationalism, yet one asks and time-hallowed traditions; you boast of numwhether missionary policy has not aggravated bers drawn out of the social life of the country and the situation and in certain quarters brought incorporated into your foreign organizations, inupon the enterprise the hostility that has been en- stead of rejoicing in the reconstruction of our gendered. Alas, to this emerging nationalism, how native life itself by the purifying spirit of Christ."

obvious is our Nordic superiority attitude! How Allowing for an oversensitive nationalistic spir- manifest our foreign character! How insistent we it, is there not much force in what they say? If are upon our foreign ways, our architecture, our so, must we not impart a truer Christian spirit to organizational forms, our ritual, our hymnology our missionary addresses, to our appeals to the and our theology! How impatient for results, so home Church, and awaken a living passion for that instead of planting principles and ideas and missionary service in some more loving way, so

that the legitimate rights of this new nationalistic forms, our social conceptions, instead of constantly consciousness and sensitiveness shall be respected challenging him to take the spiritual content, and not only on the field but at home? to do creative thinking in his own racial terms, Second. A further implication of the national- following his own racial spirit and temper. And istic development is that we must transfer ad- because human nature for the most part is willing ministrative responsibility and leadership to nat- to be told what to believe and what to do, our ive shoulders wherever possible, even at some missionary Gospel yields to the temptation and be- sacrifice of administrative efficiency. In several comes dictatorial and dogmatic, where it ought to countries there are Christian nationals, or even a remain spiritual, ever challenging to creative native Christian organization, to whom responsi- thinking. Where Christ preached principles, our bility may be transferred. The emphasis placed evangelism inclines to lay down rules. Where He upon this policy of transfer carries implications in generated life, we tend to create organization. two opposite directions. On the one hand ther~ Against our error, this new racial and nationalistic are many situations where progress in the direc- sensitiveness is an unconscious protest.

tion of such transfer has become deadlock; strong The Rising Generation personalities or tenacious Western policies rule the day and it will be one of the tasks of the new policy A third factor in the present-day mISSIOnary makers, to see that this principle is adequately ac- situation is the attitude of the rising generation cepted in practice. But in the very opposite direc- toward Christian missions. No more vital or more tion, provision must also be made, simultaneously serious question can be raised than this: Are and by way of compensation, for a new type of foreign missions commanding the interest and almissionary service. Where leadership is given to legiance of the younger generation? If not, then a reasonably equipped native leader, he should be we may go on for a while, with the financial gifts given a helper-may we call him "the new day of a loyal but diminishing group of the old guard missionary"-who will forever obliterate himself, and with the support of legacies registering the as he persistently helps, guides, reenforces, ad- interest of a by-gone age, but, for all that, the vises the national who has been put into the place handwriting on the wall marks the impending end of leadership, so that the latter will not fail, will of the enterprise. This problem, we believe, is a not cease advancing, will not give up creative world problem, but each country has its own pecuthinking. How difficult is this task! How hard to liar mentality characterizing its rising generation. find this ideal missionary for the new day! Yet At three points we find a changed outlook in this the new day has sounded the challenge and ulti- younger generation.

mately all our missionaries must be of this type 1. The first is in their attitude toward nonand all work must be conducted in this spirit. The Christian religions. The sacred books of other repronoun of the future must be not "our," but ligions have been translated and are seen to con- "their." tain many praiseworthy spiritual truths. Amer- Third. Another implication of this wave of na- ican education assumes the evolutionary principle tionalistic feeling is that we must modify our evan- in the physical world and this concept naturally gelistic methods and make them more spiritual. pervades all other spheres of thought. The wide- I use "evangelistic" in the widest sense of our spread philosophy of values and the value ap- total presentation of Christ to the non-Christian proach to all problems have tended to legitimize world. Our presentation of Christ has not been non-Christian religions. The deep discontent with adequately spiritual and creative. It has not been the achievements of Christianity itself in dealing adequately spiritual in that it has not emphasized with social, economic and international relations spirit, but form. We have been too certain of just has weakened the sense of assurance about its what He would spell in the life of these peoples, value to the world. This attitude toward nonwhose historic background ~nd culture is so dif- Christian religions may lead to a syncretistic view ferent from ours and is to-day asserting its nation- of religion or to a maudlin sentimentalism about al and racial character. We are in a hurry, so we the beauties of Orientalism. However, its values impose our ready-made interpretations. We are are not to be denied.

also afraid that other significanes of Christ may 2. Another feature in the changed outlook of not be quite correct, so we suggest to them what youth is the indifference to organized religion, or Christ has signified to us, as the only significance actual distaste for it. It is conceded that all good possible. Thus we block creative thinking and cre- causes must take form and maintain a measure of ative living by the very methods we use and the organization, and that religion will need a measure very spirit we display in our evangelism. We chal- of organization, but such organization must only lenge the inquirer to take our theological formulas, be allowed an instrumental value, not an intrinsic our ecclesiastical organizations, our ritualistic value. The church is regarded as one more great

THE CHALLENGE OF THE PRESENT CRISIS

domineering organization that has built itself up your young missionary leaders and administra- to the point where its organization exceeds its life. tors ?" History records the inspiring rallying of All of this explains a general falling away of youth young life in America to the cause of foreign mis- from the church, and it must be confessed that to sions that followed hard, over forty years ago, some extent foreign missions seems to youth open upon the appearance in the ranks of leaders and to the same criticism. Missionary reports with missionary administrators of two young men, their emphasis on churches established, communi- John R. Mott and Robert E. Speer. The word ran, cants enrolled, fail to interest him. It all sounds among the youth of this country, like the whisper like mere organizational development. What he of a breeze foretelling a great and mighty wind, wants to know is how society has been changed, "This is our movement. This is a challenge to our what influence is being exerted upon the com- generation." Is it not time for history to repeat munity, what difference is really made in the life itself?

of a non-Christian when he becomes a Christian. New Intimacies of Contact 3. A third feature of youth's outlook centers in A fourth factor in the world situation has to the question, What are the issues that really mat- do with the new intimacies of contact between soter to-day in respect to world progress? The an- called Christian and non-Christian lands. Formerswer of American youth seems to be, "Three ly the government's diplomatic representatives things: economic and social justice, race and inter- and the Christian missionary constituted the two national relations, the abolition of war." Up these chief contacts between East and West. Now, with three roads goes the idealistic thought life of the facilities of travel, the extension of commerce American youth. The question therefore asked, and the numerous forms of inter-communication, implicitly or explicitly, is, Are foreign missions one might almost say that Shanghai is in New serving these three ends, or is it just an artificial York State, Cairo is in France, and Bombay is in movement, a bit of propaganda for setting up Sussex County, England. Who is it who is inchurch organization in foreign lands to the glory fluencing Egypt, for example? The Englishman of the Church at home. in the Residency, the foreigner in the commercial The Implications of This Situation house, the tourist at Shepheards Hotel, the mis- The first implication of this serious situation sionary, the foreign press, the latest book from has to do with the appeal and message to youth. Paris, the movie from Hollywood, the radio mes- The missionary movement must learn to speak the sage from anywhere? Which is speaking the loudlanguage of youth and to view the world from est, making the deepest dent upon the life of the youth's point of view. The theological statements country? Gone are the sheltered days of comparaand language of a generation ago do not as a rule, tive isolation, and the missionary enterprise is segrip the youth of to-day. The missionary message riously affected thereby. Upon his nation and relifor them must be concrete and factual. It must gion are heaped the odium of the iniquitous stress the humane side of non-Christian religions capitUlations of the Near East, the use of gunand show a spirit of appreciation of all that is boats in China, the scandals of the exploitation of good. It must elaborate not the organizational de- natives in the Congo, the abuses of the mining revelopment of the work, but its practical outcome gions of Rhodesia, the spread of intemperance and in life. It must be able to trace the vitalizing narcotics with centers in Switzerland, the white power of the spiritual truth which the mission- slave traffic promoted from Greece. Gone are the ary carries to foreign lands, so that youth may see old barriers of ocean and language and timidity. the connection between it and the transformation The world is one great neighborhood. What are of social conditions. It must have a spiritual qual- the implications of this new situation? We name ity and be pervaded with a consciousness of a liv- but two.

ing God at work in the world. Can we who advo- First. We cannot shirk responsibility for the cate missions be sufficient for these things? The moral quality of our so-called Christian world.

prize is worth the effort, for unless foreign mis- Where it is unworthy it will hamper us in our sions capture the imagination of the rising Chris- task. We must, therefore, do what we can to re- tian generation, they will not support it, but will move the offenses of Western civilization. We seek some other expression of world service. may repUdiate the capitulations and all gunboat The other implication is that Christian youth protection, as was done at Jerusalem. We may must be given a larger and more responsible share protest until Belgian Congo injustices are ended, in the leadership of the foreign missionary move- as we did. We may appeal to high-minded officials ment. A veteran in missionary service, when to treat natives with justice and humanity by asked to express his opinion about the missionary making such high grade studies of conditions as situation in Great Britain, focussed his entire Mr. Merle Davis has recently made in Central criticism in one devastating question, "Where are Africa. We may do what we can to Christianize

Hollywood for the sake of the ends of the earth economic upheavals for the foreign missionary enwhose imaginations it is polluting. All this we terprise? must do and much more, but to do it successfully we must pay the price. And the price is a unity First. The foreign missionary enterprise should which will enable us to speak with one voice and certainly not allow itself or its message to be idenheart. tified with any particular economic system. It has supporters among those whose present activi- Second. The missionary movement must work ties lie within the capitalistic system, since this out some constructive and positive program which has been the only economic system of the past. will make use of these more intimate contacts of Some of these personalities are sincere defenders East with West. It is not enough to try to check of capitalism. Others are laboring to modify its the evil. These contacts afford new opportunities form, if not to displace it altogether. On the other whose cultivation may possess greater significance hand, there are idealists who would identify the than older methods. For example, there is a place Christian message at home and abroad with what to-day for a great program of interchange of they describe as the pure altruistic spirit of a thought between East and West through visits of communistic world. The reason why Christian men of world reputation. Why should Chinese missions must hold aloof from identification with Christianity be left without any defender in high either capitalism or communism is not to lay places against the insidious anti-religious philos- claim to support from both sides, but because, like ophy of a Bertrand Russell? Has the Christian Christianity itself, it has no business to endorse Church no men or ability through whom to counter concrete political or economic programs and orsuch influences? So, too, with literature. The ganizations, but only to set forth Christian princistreams that are flowing from West to East under ples of love and justice and truth and Christian purely commercial guidance are to a large extent service, all of which must take form through the polluted streams. Where is a Christian literature creative judgment of men, everywhere subject to agency sufficiently well organized and well in- error and even self-deception. formed and representative to serve this phase of the new intimate contacts of East and West? A Second. Another implication is that in this richer and more practical unity among the Chris- great economic upheaval Christian missions, even tian forces is the price of such a service to the as also the Christian Church at home, should world. speak forth in unmistakable terms those great Christian principles of love and justice and service In these and other ways, the new intimacies of and human brotherhood, and condemning with contact between East and West challenge us to equal courage every denial of these principles in new lines of approach and new methods of work. whatever system such denial is found. Nor does any mere declaration of principles suffice; it is the New Economic Upheaval function of Christianity to breed a generation of leaders and reformers who with patience and per- The fifth factor in the world situation is the sistence, with wisdom and with boldness, will seek world-wide questioning of the economic order. It to find the best way for enthroning Christ in the has been well said that all other world changes economic and social life of the nations. It speaks find their rootage in this: the financial stringency ill for the Christian Church, if it cannot heartily quite obviously, the accentuated nationalistic feel- support such men as Kagawa, who are baptized ing, and the changed attitude of the rising genera- with the Spirit of Christ even unto sacrifice and tion. Capitalism, as it has functioned hitherto, crucifixion. has evidently been weighed in the balance against a number of varieties of human good and has been Third. A last implication of the present ecofound wanting. The drift is away from capitalism nomic situation has to do with the future support and individualism toward some form of collectiv- of missions. It may be that, as never before, the ism. Meanwhile at the opposite extreme beckons foreign missionary enterprise must appeal to the communism. Many who endorse the collective rank and file of Christians of small means. It has ideals of communism, draw back with horror always been true that the bulk of missionary from its proposed violent methods for realizing its monies has come from small gifts, yet the future ends. As a method of government, pure democracy may show markedly diminishing returns from inalso has suffered a severe setback, and while Amer- vestments, from legacies and from living donors ica is yielding voluntarily to a wholly unpre- of great wealth. This work will remain the recedented centralization of power, other lands- sponsibility of that circle of Christians whose love Italy, Turkey and Germany-have submitted to can fly across the ocean and whose experience of fascist rule. On these stormy seas is tossed the Christ makes them believe in His ability to save frail bark of foreign missions. What course shall the world. But this circle needs to be broadened, it steer? What are the implications of the present for one only needs to see the wanton expenditure

of money to-day, even in these times of supposed tianity itself: for the foreign missionary movedepression, in pleasure, in social life, in luxuries ment has been the most spiritual, the most dynamand in amusements, to realize that it is not lack of ic and the most vision-creating element in the money that makes for retrenchment in missions, Church's life. If new life does not gush forth but the fact that we have not yet begun to give here, the whole life of American Christianity is Christ's world-program a serious place in our con- in for a moribund period. Our greatest enemy is ception of Christian duty and Christian life. complacency, inertia, apathy-an apathy which stands over against great cataclysms and says, Can We Do It? "Where is the promise of His presence? for, from the day that the fathers fell asleep, all things con- I verily believe that what matters most is not tinue as they were from the beginning of creawhether the five world conditions described as tion." On the other hand, if we take the pilgrim new are the only ones or even the more important attitude of pressing on to the discovery of the ones, whether the implications suggested are the Eternal Creative Mind, there are ahead of us hard correct ones or not. The chief point is whether disciplines, severe sacrifices of cherished ways, the foreign missionary enterprise is capable of long and thoroughgoing studies of difficult probbreaking forth with new creative energy and new lems, but also inspiring discoveries of God's will -spiritual power in this great moment of crisis in and glad surprises of His love and power. the world's history. It is not foreign missions alone that is at stake, it is the Church and Chris- THEORY AND PRACTICE By PROFESSOR M. C. McFEETERS, ASSIUT COLLEGE, EGYPT "It is suggested that before missionaries undertake further experiments in cattle breed~ ing, the problems involved be carefully analyzed by a committee consisting of a livestock geneticist, an animal nutritionist, a veterinarian, an agricultural engineer, and an agricultural economist …… The results up to date are disappointing, but adequate to show that nothing short of a large scale (at least a thousand head of cattle) and long time (at least a hundred years) experiment, under the best genetic, nutrition, and health experts. working on a plan in harmony with economic needs, is likely to yield dependable results."-From "Re-Thinking Missions," page 222.

Since such an extremely "large scale" experimental program is demanded as a prelim- inary to any cattle improvement on a mission field, we are prompted to wonder how any of the improved purebred cattle of Europe and America have managed to arrive at their present degree of productiveness and perfection. In the case of none of the prominent breeds of cattle does the history af agriculture make record 0f any such concentrated and extensive program of development.

At Assiut College, although not one of the college committee of seven could qualify either as a specialized geneticist, nutritionist, veterinarian, agricultural engineer, or economist, we imported four purebred Jersey cattle during the summer of 1928 …… None of these imported Jerseys has died or become worthless. On the contrary, they seem to be in fine fettle and the three cows are out-milking an opposing row uf eight native Egyptian cows. The young pure- bred Jersey stock, born and reared in Egypt, is refusing to be in the least handicapped by its unusual climate and environment. They are uniformly giving promise of possessing dairy char- acteristics and a productive capacity well up the scale toward that of the purebred Jerseys …..

Financially the dairy depends upon its income and is a success. After paying all current expenses for feed, labor, etc., the dairy has been building itself up both in numbers and in needed equipment. Of total livestock, young and mature, there are now over 50 head ….. .

Thus far, proceeds from the sale of stock have been negligible, yet credit for the success is due in large measure to the persistent productive capacity of the Jerseys themselves.

Constantly increasing interest in the experiment, its methods and its possibilities, is being manifested by all Egyptian observers. . . . .. The ultimate aim of the experiment in dairying is not just to demonstrate the superior value of the Jerseys. It is to show that, given produc- tive stock and proper management, Egypt, with the possibility of her twelve or more crops of alfalfa each year, possesses ready resources for a profitable and permanent dairy industry, supplementary to cotton growing. With the economic handicap on the majority of our people thus lightened, they will be more able to give their children at least a Christian elementary education, more able to support their own churches, and more able to advance our aggressive Egyptian home mission enterprise. -The United Presbyterian.

Experience ofthe China InlandMission

Testimony and Observations on the Present Situation By the REV. ROBERT HALL GLOVER, D.D., M.D.

Home Director of the China Inland Mission, Philadelphia, Pa.

T HE China Inland Mission has naturally felt een new central stations and forty-six outstations the effect of the world-wide economic depres- were opened. sion, in common with all other missionary The total income of the China Inland Mission agencies as well as with Christians and non-Chris- for the five completed years (1928-1932), as comtians everywhere. It is only right that the Lord's puted in U. S. currency, was an increase of 6% children should share in such testings along with over that of the preceding five years (1923-1927), those around them, and thus be while the income from North enabled to sympathize and to America showed an increase of show how such trials can be Have all mISSIOns suffered 26.4 % for the same period. Durfaced with equanimity through alike in the present financial ing the first three years of this trust in God. depression? Is retrenchment last five-year period the income inevitable? Can the situa~ steadily rose. Receipts in 1929 These conditions have com- tion be remedied; if so, how? were the largest for any year pelled us to keep constantly in These are some of the ques~ in' the history of the Mission, prayer, have led to deep heart- etmiaoirnnndsesstthaaadntvdaorcetahteeosccopurfpaytyhienergsmithso~ef and these were again almost searchings and to a careful sionary cause. That human mistakes have been made, all equaled in 1930. The income scrutiny of financial policies will acknowledge. How can during 1931 and 1932 fell off and expenditures, and have considerably as compared with taught us spiritual and prac- they be remedied? Have we the two preceding record years, tical lessons of great value. leaned too much on the arm and that for 1932-at least as But they have also afforded a expressed in U. S. currencyfresh opportunity of proving of flesh? God's arm is not was the lowest in several years. the unchanging faithfulness of shortened that it cannot save. our covenant – keeping God, THhisepunerpedosetohacsarnroyt cohuatngHedis. These comparative figures, whose promises are not affected program is as great as ever. however, fall far short of tell- The experiences of one mis~ by altered conditions in the ing the whole story. To begin world, and whose power and with, the constant fluctuations resources continue infinite and sion may help to answer some of international m 0 n e y exavailable. To His glory let me of our questions. change constitute a very impor- testify that the actual needs of tant factor. For example, the the China Inland Mission have total income of the C. I. M. in heen supplied right up to the present time. No 1932, while showing a decrease as compared with debt has been incurred, no old workers have been 1931 in U. S. currency, shows an actual increase withdrawn, no new recruits have been declined or when expressed in English sterling. Even more held back for financial reasons. In the last five important is the relation between all Western years more than 400 new workers have been sent monies and the silver currency of China. While out, and at the beginning of 1933 our list of mis- the Mission's gross income in 1931, reckoned in sionaries in active service stood at 1,326, the U. S. money, was $300,000 less than in 1930, yet largest number in the history of the Mission. the smaller amount remitted to China in 1931 Far from suffering any setback, the work of the actually yielded almost as much in Chinese cur- Mission on the field has, during these very years rency as did the larger sum in 1930. The vital of depression, made one of the most aggressive bearing of this fact upon the support of the Mis- advances in its history, both in extension into new sion is obvious, inasmuch as all expenditures for territory and in the development of the indigenous the work and workers on the field are in Chinese church in areas already occupied. In 1932 eight- currency.

[ 130 ] These instances show how inconclusive, and China Inland Mission but solely upon my personal even misleading, may be a mere study of com- conviction and responsibility. parative figures in anyone particular currency. The only true criterion of estimate, after all, is Some Practical Observations the measure in which the needs of the work are actually provided for. These needs fluctuate from 1. Since only a vital Christian experience can year to year. There have been instances in these beget true missionary concern and zeal, and such recent years of exceptionally heavy financial de- Christian experience is usually the product of mands for much needed buildings or other special sound evangelical preaching and teaching, it is objects, and the Lord, who has foreseen every inevitable that in the large and increasing numsuch need, has graciously provided for it in His ber of churches in which such preaching and own way, whether by increased gifts or by un- teaching have ceased missionary interest has usually favorable exchange. waned; hence missionary giving has declined. People give to that which they believe in and con- God's ways of dealing with the Mission have not sider worth while, and only those to whom Jesu:-; always been the same. In one recent year the Christ is a living reality will be enthusiastic to larger portion of the supplies came from North send His gospel to other lands. America, while in the succeeding year the bulk of income was contributed in Great Britain. Some- 2. Back of the churches are the theological semtimes the needs have been met by a .large number inaries which train their leaders. It is common of small donations, at other times mainly by large knowledge that a large number of these semgifts or legacies. When the exchange has been inaries no longer teach the truths of New Testaagainst us God has given us a larger income in ment Christianity, but instead they teach human home countries; when it has been in our favor doctrine and philosophy. Can anyone fail to see this has been His means of meeting our need. It the logical effect of this in blighting the spiritual has been deeply impressive to observe how an all- life of the churches under such leadership and knowing and faithful God has repeatedly over- thus weakening or destroying their missionary ruled conditions of every sort and adjusted both interest? gifts and exchange to the meeting of the actual needs of the work from year to year. 3. Even in theological seminaries which are still sound in doctrine the subject of Christian mis- As to the cause of decreased contributions, there sions is either not dealt with at all or is given can be no question but that this has, in large meas- altogether inadequate attention. Hence the gradure, been due to economic conditions. Many let- uates of these seminaries do not volunteer for this ters from former donors express their deep re- service and are not qualified to instruct, guide and gret at being unable to continue giving, or having inspire their churches regarding missions. to reduce their gifts. The number of donations during the last five years has fluctuated in about 4. It is high time that "modernism" and evanthe same ratio as the amount of the total receipts gelical Christianity should be recognized as two and although appeals for funds are never made, distinct and irreconcilable systems of belief. Conevery year a considerable' number of new donors firmed modernists place little or no value upon has been added-for example, more than 500 in evangelistic missionary work of the old order, and North America in 1932. This is a most cheering hence are not eager to support it. It is equally illustration of how God provides from one source clear that true evangelicals strongly disapprove or another, regardless of circumstances. of modernistic doctrines and policies, and hence hesitate to contribute toward missionary work of Throughout a long series of C. 1. M. autumn which they have any suspicion on that score. Bemeetings held at more than a score of centers in tween the two classes it is not hard to see how eastern Canada and the United States, as well as missionary support is restrained. The only satisin contacts and correspondence with other parts factory solution would seem to be a clean-cut sepof this continent, we have found unabated mis- aration of these two. wholly different missionary sionary interest on the part of spiritually minded enterprises, leaving each to be supported by those and missionarily enlightened Christians. This is who believe in it. ,; irrespective of their present ability to contribute financially. The number of enrolled intercessors 5. It would seem that many church members in our Prayer Union has steadily increased, and have never seen world evangelization in the true the spirit of prayer among these several hundred scriptural light as the primary aim and task of groups never was finer. the Church to which all else should be subsidiary and contributory. Simply to regard it as one In venturing a few remarks bearing upon cer- among a dozen equally important (or unimportain questions which the present situation has tant!) things means that in a time of financial raised, let me say that I am not speaking for the stress missionary support will be diminished or dropped as something which can be slighted in

favor of other claims. A true conviction as to the to put on special drives for funds, or to resort to primacy of missions is needed to make their continued support, at any cost or sacrifice of other new mechanical schemes or devices. The root of things, imperative. the trouble must be recognized and dealt with. But we need to be reminded that God never intended this work to be carried out easily; sacri- There is no depression in heaven. God's power fice and self-denial are at the very heart of missions and should characterize missionary giving and resources remain unchanged and are still no less than missionary going. God has never provided so that His people can gratify every selfish available. Hudson Taylor claimed that "God's desire and evangelize the world. They can only choose to do the one or the other. If the carrying work, done in God's way, will never lack God's of the Gospel to the whole world burdened the heart of the Church today as it did the heart of supply," and God vindicated this claim. the Apostolic Church, I dare to affirm that there would be no missionary retrenchment even in the I am convinced that our problem at root is face of the present financial conditions. spiritual rather than financial. What is needed If these observations are correct then obviously the solution of the problem lies in the righting of most of all is a heaven-sent revival which will the wrong spiritual conditions. It will avail little bring with it a return to the convictions as to the authority of the Word of God, obedience to His revealed will in the missionary message and pro- gram, the whole-hearted consecration, the prayer- ful and sacrificial spirit of the church at Pente- cost. This, and only this, will effectually solve the problem of missionary support, as well as every other missionary problem, by giving God an op- portunity to show His mighty power. .

Follow Christ and Carry On One large mission in China, hearing that their fifty-eight churches that have hitherto supported Board at home was considering the necessity of withdrawing some workers from the field because individual missionaries, have now so reduced or of lack of support from the churches in America, sent word offering to take a fifty per cent cut, cut off their gifts that some fifty of these workers and to adjust it in reduced salaries and other expenses on the field, rather than have the work -some of the best on the field-are in danger of curtailed and some missionaries withdrawn. being stranded and may be withdrawn. While there are doubtless benefits that are coming from the present financial distress-benefits In addition to the need for standing loyally by in economies, readjustments, a careful study of priorities, and the promotion of self-support, a the ambassadors of Christ who have left home keener realization of our dependence on God, there is also danger of serious loss, inefficiency, and kindred in obedience to the Great Commisand loss of ground. The faithful representatives of Christ on the mission field have been working sion of our Saviour and Lord, there are needs of and praying to promote friendly understanding, to make God known through Christ, to witness to the work and of our fellow Christians in these the power of the Gospel to give life and to transform. They have won spiritual victories and have mission fields. A Mission Board lists some of the laid the foundations for Christian churches and communities. Now the work is threatened, and work which must be given up if the church at they are in danger of being shelved, because American Christians cannot keep up their gifts to home withholds support-for the native churches missions and at the same time maintain their automobiles, enjoy their luxuries, send their chil- are still too weak and poor to carry the whole dren to high-priced schools and indulge in expensive tastes in their homes, in their churches burden. Here are some of the important projects and in amusements. Many Christians in America are suffering from a decrease of incomes but the that gifts of from $25 to $2,000 will make posneedless expenditures by Christians would more than maintain all the missionary work that is now sible of continuance – a mission boat, Sunday threatened for lack of support. Think what this curtailment means. One Board reports that over schools, Christian literature, Bible institute, chil- dren's meetings, evangelists, teachers, Bible wom- en, schools for the blind, schools for boys and girls, theological seminary, kindergarten, medical work, nurses training school, medical supplies.

Humanity, self-interest and patriotism would stir us to carryon at great sacrifice rather than desert our soldiers at the front in a military cam- paign to defend home and country, though this in- volves the destruction of life. Shall we desert our representatives at the front in the spiritual cam- paign to advance the Cause of Christ, involving the saving of life and the redemption of hu- manity? In failing to carryon the missionary work in these needy fields we are not only desert- ing the soldiers of the Cross at the front but we are failing to follow the forward moving Christ of the Cross. D. L. P.

and Religion in

Some Proiected Changes in the Mexican Constitution By JOHN A. MACKAY Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

THE course of Mexican history since the coun- character, as will also be the elementary and higher pri- try's revolutionary dawn in 1910 has won for mary education which is given in private institutions. this republic the honor of being the most original in the Latin American group of nations. No religious corporation, nor minister of any faith, may Many reforms carried out in Mexico antedate establish or conduct primary schools. similar revolutionary tendencies which have swept Private primary schools can only be established subject to official supervision. In the official institutions, primary education will be given free.

the world since the Great War. Two facts are to be observed: first, that no re- Mexico does not consider that her revolution ligious instruction of any kind can be given in any government school or in any private school of prihas come to an end. Here is a country in which mary grade; second, that no religious corporation the word "revolution" has become sacred. The or minister of religion has any right to conduct highest honor that can be paid to a Mexican is to primary schools. say of him that he is a "true revolutionary." The worst disgrace which can be attached to any Mex- Two years ago a new minister of education of ican's name is that he is not a "true revolution- ·hyper-radical tendencies refused to incorporate ary." This means that the present-day Mexican into the national school system any secondary ideal of life, in official circles at least, is one of school in which religious instruction was given or constant revolutionary tension. The name of the which could be shown to have been founded by a party in power is "The National Revolutionary religious organization, even if no such religious Party" (Partido Nacional Revolucionario). Under instruction were being given. The projected rethe dictatorship of this party the national life is form of Article 3 goes far beyond this. Its text now being developed and new reforms are pro- is as follows: jected. Article III. The orientation of education will be social- A reform project has recently been incubated ist, that is, it will recognize as a fundamental principle by Mexico's Revolutionary Party which, if ap- the formation of the spirit of human solidarity based on proved by Congress, will be one of the most revo- the progressive socialization of the means of economic lutionary measures adopted by any modern state production; it will struggle for freedom from any and outside Soviet Russia. What is projected is noth- every prejudice and dogmatism, providing a culture based ing less than to change the strictly lay character on scientific truth, and it will adjust the ideals and activiof the present educational system in Mexico and ties of youth to the service of the people as a whole. to substitute for it, both in the schools, run by the State and by private individuals and organiza- It will be the task of the State (Federal, State and tions, the "socialist" school, one of whose func- Municipal) to impart, under the character of public servtions, according to the latest draft of the proposed ice, primary, secondary and normal education, the first bereform, will be to combat "religious dogmatisms." ing compulsory.

The State will control the orientation of primary and secondary education which is given privately, in accord- ance with the following standards: The Proposed Change I. By means of the formation of plans, methods and programs of study containing the principles expressed in The full significance of this reform can only be the first paragraph of this article. understood by considering the attitude of the State towards the teaching of religion in schools II. The principals and teachers shall be of a kind who, since the present constitution was adopted at in the opinion of the State, are intellectually and morally Queretaro in 1917. Article 3 of this constitution capable. Their ideology shall also be in accord with the reads as follows: tendencies of this ruling.

The right to teach is unrestricted; but that which is No religious corporation nor minister of any faith may establish, conduct or be a teacher in primary and second- ary schools.

III. By fixing the pedagogical conditions to which the given in the official institutions of education will be lay in schools should conform.

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IV. The State will grant authority for the functioning in mind that in the official statement of the Naof private schools, and will suppress them at its discre- tional Revolutionary Party, which culminates in tion, when, according to its judgment, they violate the the projected reform of Article 3 of the Constiabove mentioned standards. There shall not be any ap- tution, it is explicitly stated that this new tendpeal or any judgment proceeding against such a ruling. ency is being followed deliberately, after a com- parative study of a number of modern national The Executives, the Municipal Presidents, and educa- constitutions, such as those in operation in tional officers will be directly responsible for having these Czecho-Slovakia, Turkey, Germany and Russia, in rules complied with, and for any violation of the same, in which the State arrogates to itself the right to the form and terms which are indicated in the By-Laws make education, in a supreme sense, one of its own issued by the Congress of the Union, and to which the fol- functions. Mexico, it is alleged in this document, lowing signatures are affixed. does no more than carry out this principle to its logical conclusion. According to an article written by a distinguished Mexican Christian publicist, Pedro Grin- A new approach is needed to the spiritual probgoire, and appearing in "Excelsior," one of the lem of Mexico, as of many other States, in which leading dailies in Mexico, on January 4th, the the same ideas prevail as in Mexico. Our opinion words "will struggle for freedom from any and is that here, as in other lands in the same revoevery prejudice and dogmatism" are being sub- lutionary mood, the school will cease to be an efstituted by "will struggle for freedom from any fective instrument for presenting a full-orbed and every religious prejudice and dogmatism." Christian view of life. That being so, other means In other words, what was implicit in the original must be found whereby that view can be presented draft becomes explicit in its latest form. Reli- to youth. Meanwhile, the souls of youth are begious dogmatism is the real bete-noire. A main ing conscripted by the most contrary crusading function of the school will be to combat religion. forces. Boys and girls who have been taught to read and write in our Mission schools, who have The Implications of the Reform received there what we call a liberal education, who have been moulded according to the prin- We here observe the inner dialectic of contem- ciples of Christian character building, when they porary nationalism working itself out. Education cross the threshold of the school and mingle in a is to be a function of the State in the most abso- revolutionary world find no books or sources of lute sense, officializing and promoting the par- ideas to help guide them or steady them in the ticular economic theory in which the State is in- swirling eddies. The time has come when the terested, and at the same time inculcating into the same attention must be given to providing an ademind of youth that attitude towards life and the quate Christian literature that has hitherto been spiritual world which most harmonizes with the directed to providing educational facilities for official viewpoint. This is an example of the youth, a function which the State in so many apotheosis of the State, its virtual transformation countries now regards as its own special prerogainto a church and its assumption of full religious tive. At the same time when, as in Mexico, so prerogatives. In a word, here, as in other con- little can be done directly from the outside, every temporary states, the nation becomes God. In the effort must be made to strengthen the nascent case of Mexico there is fulfilled, in addition, the evangelical community in the country and to dictum of the great Spanish writer Unamuno, that make the members feel that they are part of a a Spanish or Spanish-American radical is "a Christian fellowship which transcends all fron- Catholic upside down." He conserves the formal tiers. aspects of Spanish Catholicism, including its fanatical intolerance, while substituting its dog- One bright gleam at least shoots across the matic content by another. One might go further present situation. In the last few months there and say that the possibility of&uch a violent anti- has come into being in Mexico a new organization religious tendency in Mexico is largely due to the called "The National Union of Christian Youth." fact that the great majority of the country's pres- It is a purely indigenous and spontaneous moveent intellectual leaders have passed from a posi- ment and is of a spiritual crusading character. tivistic to a Marxist philosophy, without having Its membership crosses all the present evangelical passed through the liberal stage. denominations. It is not a federation nor has it any ecclesiastical objective in view. Its members It is perfectly clear that if such a reform be- have a place within the organization, not as repcomes law, it will be made impossible for any or- resentatives of denominational groups, but as free ganization of religiously minded people to carry men and women anxious to express their unity in on education because to do so would involve ac- Christ and their devotion to Him in terms of their cepting the letter and spirit of the new constitu- country's spiritual need in this most critical and tional article. Some are of opinion that the decisive hour. elections in June may put a government in power which will be less radical than the present. No evidence supports this fond hope. L~t it be borne

Impact of Christianity On China*

By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKY Author of "The Tinder-Box of Asia"

T HE impact of Western civilization was in- The leader and organizer of the Hankow anti- evitably disruptive (of the ancient Chinese Christian week was George Hus-chien, a former regime) because it created a new social and secretary of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, who had been a economic environment to which Chinese civilization could only offer a passive resistance. It in- Christian pastor, then joined the Kuomintang, volved not only the application of the industrial then become a communist and latterly denied that revolution to China, but also the introduction of he had ever been a communist. such revolutionary ideals as Protestant Chris- Christianity and Communism tianity, political democracy, so- Protestant Christianity has cialism, and latterly, commu- been at once the most compel- nism. In Europe these ideas George E. Sokolsky was lingly destructive and construcwere of comparatively slow de- tive force hurled at China from velopment and even slower for some years the corre- the West….. . penetration; they fell upon spondent of The New York China all at the same time and Times in the Far East. He If one views the effectiveness with astounding suddenness. has lived in China for many of the work of the Christian China was left breathless in the years, is a Jew and married a missions only as so much coldpresence of conflicting opinions Chinese wife. He is a bril- blooded statistics, the results as to what is wrong with China look bad, but if one deals with and what should be done about liant writer and as Herbert this question from the standit. Adams Gibbons says, 44He point of the emergence, because stands in a class by himself as of Christian influence, of a spe- a commentator on contempo- rary events in the Far East!'

The Kuomintang, a Force Paul D. Cravath calls him cial type of human being in Hthe best qualified man in the China, more alert, more keen, Gen. Chiang Kai-shek had world to write a fair and dis- more modern, more socialized risen on the shoulders of the passionate book on Man- in his outlook, then Christian Russians; he now wanted to churia." It is interesting to missions have on the whole rid China of them. Therefore read what he says about bee n startlingly successful. he brought on a schism. The Christian missions, commu- more Chiang moved to the nism and the Soong family. Missions have accelerated the right, the more communistic his processes of substituting for opponents became. In Hunan the characteristic intensive in- and Hupeh provinces, particularly, the commu- dividualism of China a social outlook and a com- nists organized a terror, aimed at landlords, in- munal interest.

dustrialists, and foreigners, which stirred a In the field of education and public health the frightened opposition to the Kuomintang through- American missionary has accomplished more in out the country. Whereas they had been wel- the interest of the Chinese people than any other comed as saviors, they were now being feared as force, Chinese and foreign, during the past fifty terrorists. It was in this atmosphere that the years. In fact it is no exaggeration to contend surprising anti-Christian week was organized to that during the decade from 1920 to 1930, were it take place during the Christmas of 1926. The not for the Christian missionary, the lamp of slogans of the anti-Christian Movement were': learning would have burned very faintly indeed, Christmas anti-Christian week while public ·health activities would have been al- Close or take over Christian schools most nonexistent. There has been considerable Urge students to leave Christian schools criticism of the missionary schools, particularly Organize students for vacation anti-Christian work among the nationalistic educators. In the first Disrupt Christian organizations from within Forbid participation of Christian students in national place, it has been contended that these schools undertakings denationalize the Chinese youth; that they teach * Extracts from "The Tinder-Box of Asia." Doubleday, Doran Co., more English than Chinese, more Bible than Con- New York.

[ 135]

fucius, more about George Washington and his "tars" had taught him to make cord hammocks, "cherry tree" than about Sun Yat-sen and his and he worked his way through the Southern "Three People's Principles"-all probably true. states selling them. He came into contact with But the missionaries have proved themselves cap- Christian influence in the city where he landed, able of readjustment to the demands of their en- and was baptized there in the Fifth Street Meth- vironment ….. . odist Episcopal Church, South.

The Present Chinese Communist Party General Julian S. Carr, of Durham, N. C., grew deeply interested in the young Chinese from the From its inception, the Chinese Communist island of Hainan, the southernmost place in Party adopted the following tactics: China, and saw him through Trinity College, 1. Anti-imperialism is a slogan about which all which is now Duke University. He received an Chinese, including non-communists, can rally. English theological certificate from Vanderbilt in Therefore, when an anti-imperialist issue is 1885. When he returned to China it was as an evoked, activities may be pursued on a wide front. English teacher and a Southern Methodist mis- …… Anti-imperialism is not only part of the sionary. He married a Miss Ni, who became a communist thesis because the foreigners possess pillar in the Southern Methodist community in special rights in China, but also because they Shanghai. He opened a printing establishment either control or dominate invested capital. The to publish Bibles in Chinese; he built a church; principal industrial organizations are under their he was on the organization committee of the first direction. By attacking the foreigner's position Y. M. C. A. in China. He taught English to small directly, the capitalistic structure of the country Chinese boys. He eventually joined Sun Yat-sen, is attacked indirectly. becoming his secretary and treasurer. Soong Ai- 2. Christianity is the second object of attack. ling, the eldest daughter, became the wife of Dr. This is part of the general anti-religious phase in Kung, wealthy Christian leader and a descendant the communist ideology. But in China anti-Chris- of Confucius; Soong Ching-ling, the second tianity has a special meaning. Christianity, to daughter, was married to Dr. Sun, became the the communist, means the cultural penetration of leader of militant womanhood in China, and is China by the United States. The Christian mis- today held in veneration by the youth of the counsionary is therefore looked upon as the fore- try; and Soong Mei-ling, the youngest daughter, runner of the American capitalist. Christianity married General Chiang Kai-shek.

is to be opposed generally because it is an opiate The Soongs represent psychologically and so- for the masses. Wherever the communists go, cially a wide variant from the usual natives of they attempt to drive out the missionary, Catholic South China. Every member of the family was and Protestant alike. They do not always succeed educated abroad: Mme. Kung and Mme. Sun at because some American missionaries refuse to be driven out. Few of them are killed if they re- Wesleyan in Macon, Ga.; Mme. Chiang there and main, but their presence is unwelcome in com- at Wellesley; T. V. Soong and a younger brother, munist territory. T. A. Soong, were educated at Harvard; another younger brother, T. L., at his father's college, 3. Although the communist program for the re- Vanderbilt. At one time all the members of the construction of the political and social life of the family bore Christian names, but these have been country is complex, they concentrate on the re- dropped in recent years. All are Christians, and distribution of land, which pleases the tenant some of them are church-goers. The mother was farmers and the surplus population, known as a strict Southern Methodist who objected to danc- bandits. This gives them local strength. ing, gambling and other things on the Methodist The Soong Family list of vices. The Soongs have much in common- keen minds, devoted to study, thought, and action, During this period one family dominated the stamp them all. The "three Soong sisters" are all Nanking Government. Often called the "Soong of retiring disposition-in the sense that they Dynasty" by their enemies, this group achieved have preferred to act through their husbands almost dictatorial authority in Nanking. The when they could. But they cannot all be drawn Soong family consists of three outstanding men- over a single pattern. Mme. Kung seems to have Chiang Kai-shek, T. V. Soong and H. H. Kung, inherited a special capacity for hard-headed comand three brilliant women-Mme. Chiang, Mme. mon sense from her mother. Not only do the Kung, and the widow of Dr. Sun Yat-sen. other members of the family recognize her intel- The origin of the family was lowly. Charles lectual superiority, but even friends of the family Jones Soong, its founder, arrived at Wilmington, come to her for advice. In her quiet and unas- N. C., from somewhere in China as a sailor aboard suming way she has succeeded in bringing ele- the United States cutter Colfax in 1880. The ments together in support of the "family." ….. .

THE IMPACT OF CHRISTIANITY ON CHINA

Dr. Kung, her husband, is the most character- military officers and politicians upon whose supistically Chinese member of the family, and also port the success of her husband has depended. the richest. Inheritor of a chain store system of general shops, produce-purchasing agencies, small T. V. Soong, the eldest brother, represents in banks not unlike pawnshops, in North China, Mon- China the revolutionary concept of government as golia, and Manchuria, and medicine shops in significant as any idea which the revolution has South China, he finds himself the merchant in brought to the surface: modern administration politics. He devotes himself not only to govern- as a substitute for the mandarinism that has ment problems of commerce and labor, but to pub- plunged China into her present condition. Unlic charities. Whereas most of the Soongs have willing to compromise with old-fashioned methfew direct contacts with the general public, Dr. ods, he has made himself unpopular with a very Kung, as they say in China, is in everything. large part of Chinese officialdom, although mer- chants and foreigners in China swear by him …. The second of the sisters, Mme. Sun Yat-sen, is a distinct type by herself. Sweet, gentle, and of The Missionary and Cultural Interests unquestioned beauty, she radiates such warmth of personality that one sometimes wondered, in the Many Americans grow ferocious at the thought days when Dr. Sun was an exile in Shanghai, of any other American going to a foreign country whether the atmosphere of their home on Rue to "force down the throats of the citizens of that Moliere was due to the presence of the great man country ideas that are perhaps repugnant to or to the little woman who made one feel so much them." Such American critics may save their at home. While her husband was alive she kept ferocity for a worthier cause, for the American much in the background, helping him in his missionary has not forced his ideas down any studies and often acting as his secretary. After Chinese throat. He has preached and taught and his death she forged to the front of Chinese poli- educated and healed, but he has not forced. He tics, for she regarded it as essential to China's has spent some $200,000,000 in China in a century welfare that there should be a strict and literal of activity. Has this expenditure been beneficial to interpretation of Dr. Sun's wishes. She became China? No one can demonstrate with any posian orator and an active member of the Central tiveness the value of as complex a movement as Executive Committee of the Kuomintang; she led missionary work in China ….. . China's women in the social revolution ….. . To the missionary the question as to the value When her sister, Mei-ling, was married to of his work must be perplexing. At worst he may Chiang Kai-shek she did not go to China to attend have wasted his time and money. From a national the wedding, but when memorial services were standpoint he has created an atmosphere of held for Dr. Sun in Nanking in 1929 she attended friendship for the United States. He has taught them. She has made no peace with her family the Chinese people that some foreigners can serve and the government it controls; instead, she con- China unselfishly and that a large number of them tinues to insist upon a fundamentalist interpreta- are Americans. He has gone into the interior, tion of her husband's doctrines. A woman of studied the language, lived among the people as strong principles, capable of intense sacrifice for one of them, brought up his family among his a cause, she has suffered privations out of respect Chinese students without giving vent to evidences for the memory of her husband. of racial superiority. He has kept learning alive during the dark days of revolution. He has served On December 1, 1927, Mei-ling Soong, the as a general practitioner and has opened hospitals youngest sister, was married to Chiang Kai-shek. and medical schools. He has played the most sig- Before her marriage Mei-ling was active in public nificant role in the change of a civilization. and church work, and occasionally translated Chinese poetry into English. After her marriage It is the American missionary, whose home is she retired from public activities altogether, ap- always the most modern residence in any Chinese pearing only with her husband. She has opened city, who has opened the eyes of the Chinese to the Western world to General Chiang, who knows this difference in degree. He has made the Chinese no foreign language well. . . . .. She often acts as dissatisfied; yet is not the American economic inhis interpreter in confidential talks with foreign- terest in such dissatisfaction enormous? He has ers. Mme. Chiang is neither as keen nor as ex- shown them how others live so that they may perienced as Mme. Kung, nor does she arouse af- want to live differently. He has brought to their fection as does Mme. Sun. Her shyness has often homes a living example of a civilization which did been mistaken for haughtiness. Yet a quickness not glorify foot-binding or tolerate opium-smokat repartee enables her to enliven heavy political ing; a civilization that substituted the steel madinners, and her adaptability has allowed her to chine for the human coolie. He has studied their form friendships with the old-fashioned wives of problems sympathetically and has opened the realities of Chinese life to the world.

A Century of Bible Work in China*

By the REV. ERIC M. NORTH, Ph.D., D.D.

Secretary of the American Bible Society, New York I N A LETTER written from Canton, China, No- the Bible Society was carried on almost solely by vember 7, 1831, the Rev. Elijah C. Bridgman, the missionaries themselves. They translated and ' the first American missionary to China, after published the Scriptures and, by their own efforts, comparing spiritual conditions in China to Eze- distributed them free of cost. The American So- kiel's vision of the valley of dry bones, points out ciety furnished the funds.

the power and responsibility of the followers of Then, in a short time, two fundamental changes Christ for this one-third of the human race. Per- took place. The outreach of ·the missionary was haps, in our own day, we need his challenge! very greatly extended by the large use of colpor- "Are not the abilities of the people of God now teurs,-the men with the pack who go from vil- superior to those enjoyed by the church militant lage to village and from house to house, persuad- in the age of Moses or of John? There is no longer ing those whom they meet to buy the priceless any need for miracles. The truth has been estab- truth. The second measure was the adoption of lished and sealed with the blood of the Lamb. The the principle of sale rather than of free distribu- disciples of Christ now need faith, and zeal, and to tion-not only conserving resources and avoiding offer themselves as living sacrifices. Then will the waste, but carrying an assurance that the books Almighty work with them, and Jesus receive the were worthy of personal investment. Since full heathen for his inheritance, and the uttermost costs were far above the capacity of the people to parts of the earth for his possession. There is pay, prices were fixed-and still are-far below another fact that gives the Chinese a strong claim manufacturing cost; and the loss has been borne to the attention of your Society. They are a read- by the gifts to the Society. These principles of ing people. In this respect, they are probably method have been supplemented in the last twenty superior to any pagan nation of ancient or modern years by that of voluntary distribution, in which times. There are, indeed, many considerations to the aid of Chinese churches and parishes is en- urge onward the missionary; but, in spite of all listed in the sale of Scriptures in their own towns he can do, the Bible will find its way into the in- and near-by villages.

terior of the Empire before him. . . . . . Many may A further change was the establishment, in fall in the conflict; but complete success and 1875, of the Society's own Agency for the super- triumph are sure. Changes that have caused joy vision of the work. This soon resulted in the in heaven have already taken place,-(he esti- transfer to the Agency of the whole of the work mates that twelve or fifteen thousand copies of the of publication, much of the collaboration with the Bible, the New Testament, and the Psalms have translators, the direct supervision of a large pro- been distributed in the twenty years since Mor- portion of the colportage, and all the manifold rison began) ,-and, instead of one station and one elements of organization and administration that missionary, there are now five stations and eight must be carried on. Now there are five great sub- missionaries. . . . .. We feel ourselves alike im- agencies in China-North, East, South, Central, pelled and encouraged to ask for the interposition and West. One of them-that at Peiping-has of the American Bible Society. We ask for their more than once exceeded a distribution of a mil- prayers and their charities. Our voice is indeed lion copies in a year.

distant and feeble; but the cry of these millions, In his letter Mr. Bridgman states that, a few like the slain in Ezekiel's vision, reaches up to years before he went to China, Christians, as if heaven. It must, too, be heard on earth; and to exculpate themselves for their neglect of their what answer shall be given?" missionary responsibility, debated the question The past century of service in China is part of whether the Bible could be translated into Chinese.

the answer. Again ~he century is the answer. In the produc- For the first third of the century the work of tion and publication of the translations of the Chinese Scriptures, the Society has shared in the Ne~S¥-~~~~nce of an address given at the China centenary dinner In cooperation with mission boards, missionaries, [138 ] Chinese scholars, and with the British and For- ings brought out over 3,200 people; and there eign Bible Society, and the National Bible Society were eight other meetings. In several cities, pag- of Scotland. A rapid review of the decade shows eants and exhibits have been held. Many prom- the Society to have published or subsidized in inent persons have spoken at these meetings. A whole or in part six versions in Wenli, seven in telegram was received from Madame Chiang Kai- Mandarin, and various versions in nine colloquial shek, whose father printed thousands of Gospels.

dialects, not including editions in Roman letters It is in these meetings that the foundations are and editions for the blind. Seven colloquial dia- being laid for the new era of Bible work in China.

lects received their first Scriptures from the So- In 1932, at a conference of the British, the Scot- ciety. The first reference Bible in Chinese-that tish and the American Societies in London, the of Bishop Schereschewsky-was issued by the So- Societies agreed to work together with a view to ciety in 1908. . . . . . , encouraging the formation of a China Bible So- Jointly with the British and Scotch Societies the ciety, deeply rooted in the life of the Chinese Society supported the great Union versions in Church and the nation, and sharing in the world- Wenli issued in 1919, in Mandarin also issued in wide work.

1919, and in Canton Colloquial in 1926,-each of Not only has an advisory council been created, them representing many years of work by sep- but the British and American Societies have al- arate committees. One of the achievements of the ready started the amalgamation of their opera- century is to have shared in the production of tions. The editorial forces and periodicals of the these monumental and noble books through which three Societies have been combined ….. .

the spirit of God is seeking the hearts of men. But, this is not all. In South China, there has These translations and others in many editions been, prophetically, a local Chinese Bible Society and forms have been distributed by the Society for several years. Now there is in formation a through the colporteurs, the missionaries, and local society in Central China. Others are ger- voluntary helpers. It is thus that the circulation minating. All will be looking to the advisory of the centllry has been brought about-a total for council in Shanghai for guidance, and to the fu- the Society for all China of some 69,690,000 vol- ture when they shall become auxiliary to a na- umes of Scriptures, of which some 439,000 were tional Bible Society of China.

Bibles, 1,944,000 were Testaments, and over 67,- How soon that will be no one knows. But, it is 000,000 were portions, single books, almost en- to that outcome that the American Bible Society tirely Gospels. These have gone all over China, looks in every land where it is at work. Then it -from Canton in the south to Mukden in the shall be our function to assist them in their and north; from Shanghai in the east to the far our prodigious task. "We shall hope," said Pastor borders of Tibet; among the mountain tribes in Shen Wen-ching at Hankow, "by the end of anthe western passes; among the boat-dwellers on other century to have put the Bible in every home the rivers; in the newer industrial cities, and in China, and to have given every Chinese an opamong the hundreds of thousands of villages ….. portunity to read these Scriptures for himself."

This work is not done without sacrifices. A Not even in America have we reached that goal; little less than four hundred years ago, William and, in China, the combined issues of the three Tyndale was strangled and burned for his efforts Bible Societies in the whole century and more do to give the English-speaking people the Scriptures not equal one half of the present population of in their own tongue. Thirty-three years ago, dur- China.

ing the Boxer rebellion, eighteen colporteurs were Therefore, however valiant a new Chinese Bible summoned to the Agent's office, warned of the Society may be,-and we know they will be valiant risks of their work and sent into the less disturbed even though the Christians in China are outnum- areas. They said, "We go. God's will be done." bered 125 to 1,-we of the West must put our- Over the unknown martyrs' graves of fourteen, selves shoulder to shoulder with them. Here and and, of many others elsewhere, it could be writ- there and in every land where we work, we must ten: "Slain for the Word of God and for the testi- give this book its chance to make and maintain its mony which they held." relentless pressure against every evil and shame- Weare here, however, not to erect a memorial less thing; against every item of man's inhu- monument, but a milestone. The road still manity to man; against the evil without and the stretches far before us. But, in a sense, it is a sin within ;-that humanity's weakness and fail- new road. The signs of that are already here. ure may be transformed into the glorious stature There have been celebrations of this centenary in of Jesus Christ our Lord. Again we hear the more than a score of China's cities. The throngs words of Elijah Bridgman: "The cry of the mil- attending have surprised the committees in lions reaches up to heaven. It must, too, be heard charge; in the Wuhan cities, the four main meet- on earth; and what answer shall be given 7"

Medical

By REV. T. THEODOR WEBB, Milingimhi, North Australia Mr. Webb has written a most valuable account of his by the "mali" (grosser spirit) of some "Morkwoi" researches into the medical practices of the Aboriginals (dead person). I have seen such things as small of North Australia. His careful work has considerable stones, pieces of charcoal, small bones, and bits of scientific and anthropological interest and his descriptions wood thus apparently extracted. are being published in "Oceanic" by the School of Anthropology in Sydney. Mr. Webb states in an accompany- The foreign body is shown to the patient, who, ing letter that he has left out some of the ugly details; nothing doubting, immediately declares himself but even then the Editor has felt it necessary to excise cured, and cheerfully pays the "doctor" his fee. some portions which might offend those of our readers who are unfamiliar with the stark conditions of North The virtue or healing magic believed to be con- Australia. – Reprinted from The Missionary Review tained in the water of the ceremonial or totemic (Australia). "mangotchi" (well or pool) of the horde is made available by a ceremony known as "Wontjurr." AS WOULD be expected among so primitive a In the ceremony a representation of this well is 1i. people, the operation of magic, both in caus- made by scooping out a circular hollow in the sand. In this hollow the patient is placed, while ing and in relieving sickness, is largely be- all round sit his fellow-tribesmen and. friendly aslieved in. But apart from this, there is found a sociates. A certain chant, differing for each tribe, fairly extensive use of certain vegetable products, which are at least believed to be of medicinal is then sung, to the accompaniment of "bilma"

value. (clack-sticks) and "Yiraki" (drone-pipe), over One of the complaints from which these people and over again, and as it is being sung the patient frequently suffer is muscular rheumatism, par- is washed from head to foot by having water ticularly in the lumbar region. In such a case, poured over him.

should there be a "Marrngit" (magician) in the The most elaborate treatment I have knowledge neighborhood, his aid will be sought, and he oper- of is that followed out in cases of extreme con- ates in the following way: Presuming the patient stipation or for a severe attack of indigestion, is suffering from backache, the Marrngit has him leading to a distension of the stomach, which is lie face downward in the sand, and then proceeds called "worba." , to feel carefully all over his back. He then arises, First of all a rough platform of sticks is conbreaks off a small leafy branch, and begins to structed. On this platform is laid a thick coverdance round the patient, swishing vigorously with ing of leafy branches of "maipin" (iron-wood the branch. Presently he dashes away to a con- tree), and on these leaves a covering of wet grass siderable distance, as though in pursuit of some- from some freshwater pool or swamp. The sand thing, and still swishing his branch. This is done beneath the platform is then scooped out and a to drive off the evil spirit which is responsible fire made; this fire must be wholly of maipin, the for the man's condition, and which the Marrngit leaves, bark, gum, and wood being used.

alone is able to see. Having accomplished this When the fire is well burning the patient is purpose, he returns to the patient. placed face downward on the platform already He now selects one spot on the man's back, prepared, a covering of boughs, paper-bark, or which he presses and kneads thoroughly, after the like, is placed over him, and there he is left to which he massages the surrounding area, working steam. After several hours he is turned over on all the time toward the spot selected. After a his back and thus spends several more hours.

good deal of massaging, which no doubt affords At the end of the day he is bathed in cold water, some relief, he applies his mouth to the spot, and and will almost certainly feel relieved; but if not, sucks vigorously. Next he takes a mouthful of the process may be repeated the following day. In water from some vessel placed in readiness, blows cases where no relief is afforded, it is known that some of the water onto the affected part, and then the patient's condition is the result of evil magic.

convincingly ejects from his mouth some foreign This distressful condition is produced by some substance, which has been injected into the man sorcerer getting hold of something belonging to [140 ]

ABORIGINAL MEDICAL PRACTICES

the patient, his loin-cloth or "balara" (pubic Bleeding is resorted to in cases of severe headshield) being considered particularly effective. ache, and less frequently for backache. For the This article the sorcerer "sings" over. He then former a deep cut is made above the brow, usually scrapes open the coals and ashes of his fire, and by a single stroke of an iron or flint spear-head. in the centre digs a small hole, into which he Another method is to take a splinter of glass or crams the article, covers it over with earth, flint, and with a flick of the wrist, to make a cut scrapes back the coals and ashes, and once more, in the inner corner of the eye. Another is to take over it sings his evil chant, naming the man he a piece of "baku" (wild cane), split it and shape wishes to injure. This operation results in a stop- it to a sharp point. This piece of cane is then page of the man's bowels, and so produces a con- thrust up one of the nostrils, and is kept there dition which nothing can relieve, and which ulti· with the finger plugging the nostril, until a throbmately ends in death. bing sensation begins. It is then quickly with- drawn and is followed by profuse bleeding. Apparently nothing approaching effective treatment for snake-bite has been discovered by the When a man is speared with a barbed wooden aborigines, and nothing more futile than that fol- spear, great difficulty is often experienced in exlowed could well be imagined. A man who has tracting it, particularly if the wound be near some been bitten is made to sit down beside a fire while vital organs of the body. If speared in one of the another man blows on him smoke through a hollow limbs, the spear is usually pushed right through branch or dry pandanus stem. As the smoke and withdrawn at the side opposite to the entry. comes out the other end of the tube another man In the case of a body wound, this, of course, cancarefully watches, and if in the smoke he sees the not be done, so the spear is cut off close to the "mali" (non-material form) of a snake, it is body and a dressing of "jalkor" (tree orchid) is known that a "Ragalk" (sorcerer) has brought applied, and the man is bound with paper-bark. about the misfortune, and the man will die. If no such form is observed the man will recover. This dressing is said to penetrate along the Frequently this ceremony is performed after the spear-head and loosen it. When, however, I asked man has died, and merely serves to corroborate a how long it would be before the spear could beconviction which has already been definitely withdrawn, the reply was, "Bamantna. Narnak reached. In such a case imagination never fails barrpamiri." (A long time. When the flesh beto create the mali of the snake. comes putrid.) It would therefore appear that the "medicine" does not help matters very much. Another curious method of procedure is as follows: If a person is bitten and is able to capture Burning, owing to the habit of sleeping in very the snake, he does so by pressing a stick across it close proximity to fires, is of very frequent ocjust behind the head, and then binding the snake currence, and is treated in the following way: If to the stick at that point. With the snake thus the skin is not destroyed, an orchid stem is held he returns to the camp. There the snake is crushed between the teeth until it is soft and left until it is seen to pass all the blood it has ex- glutinous, and then dabbed on the affected part. tracted from the person bitten. When this occurs If the skin is badly broken the burn is painted the person begins to recover, and soon all ill- with "miku" (red ochre). effects have passed away. The snake is now released, not killed. If it were killed the person A person suffering from the circular raised would undoubtedly die also. sores which often accompany yaws goes out on a reef or sandbank when the tide is low, and finds a For the poisonous stab of a catfish, stingray, or "Yanungani" (sea anemone), which is lying open. other fish, a live "borok" (wood cockroach) is He quickly presses the sore into the open centre taken, held between the finger and thumb, and its of the creature, whose tentacles immediately coninside is squeezed out over the wound. Another tract, and cause a certain amount of suction. The form of treatment is to place hot ashes on the member is held there for a considerable time, and wound. Still another is to apply the leaves of the when withdrawn, the raised exterior is said to "Rorgor" (a long trailing plant which grows in have been removed, and clean bleeding flesh exthe beach sand). These leaves are heated on the posed, which will soon heal over. coals and pressed onto the wound. Very large use is now made of the Mission Dis- In treating pustular sores, boils, or swollen pensary, and very many of the people come with glands, a piece of charcoal is wrapped in a thin only the most trifling complaints. Even the sheet of paper-bark and placed on the sore. This simplest of our prescriptions prove, in the majoris then bitten either by the man himself or by an- ity of cases, wonderfully effective, while the magother person. The sore, hearing the noise made ical results of the injection of bismuth tartrate by the crunching of the charcoal, learns that some- for yaws is a never-ending wonder to them. So one is fighting it, and so takes its departure. the work goes on and much relief is given in the name of the Great Physician.

~I I

Effective Ways of Working • 'rested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO A Forward. Look cally written, these details are Do you think missionaries them- readily detachable leaving the selves think it is worth while? How can we develop in the outlines and the educational fun- Why do they go when they can younger generation the mission- damentals which are universal. be so much more comfortable at Only the most meager features home? After some discussion, a ary motivations and the dynamic of one lesson can be given here- number of quotations from mis- to renew or replace those so no- with, but it will serve to illus- sionaries' writings and sayings ticeably on the wane at the pres- trate an approach and an appeal bearing on the subject were read, ent time? It has become evident that may well be made general followed by the telling of a fasci- with a new and very straight- nating story about Dr. Clothier to many of us that the movement thinking generation. Miss Wer- entitled, "Why One Man Went." must not be "back to" but "for- ner writes: On one side of the blackboard ward towards" ; for no living or- was written, "The things this ganism can be static: and if old Teaching is to learning as selling is man gave up to go to Africa," motivations fail we must face to buying. Since that is true-since and on the other, "What he we have failed to teach unless some- found there," the children them- the facts with a fearlessness thing has happened within the chil- selves supplying the items. The ~ born of supreme faith in our dren themselves–this unit is con- story and a picture of The Good structed on the principle that Samaritan were next brought Leader and our Cause and con- teaching, going far beyond the mere out and discussed. It was noted sider whether we are not having imparting of information, involves that Dr. Clothier loved and cared "growing pains" preliminary to the stimulation of the children to for the bodies just as the Samar- active participation in some under- itan did, but in addition he also an advance. taking that in their eyes is both in- cared about the Africans' hearts teresting and worth while. To that being happy and their coming to The answer to the opening end this study has been centered Jesus. question is yet at the fragmen- around the question, "What Differ- tary, experimental stage; but ence Does it Make?" and resolves it- The leader next asked how we your Department Editor believes self into a serious evaluation on the that among a number of worth~ part of the children and the teacher could obey Jesus' command as while projects, that of Emily J. of the missionary enterprise, as one Werner, Professor of Religious supplementary question after another Dr. Clothier did. It was eventual- Education in the Biblical Semi- is considered. nary, New York, is worth con- ly decided not only to pray and sidering. In "What Difference Previous to the first lesson, the African study books, stories, give money for Africa but to Does it Make?" a unit on Africa pictures, etc., were attractively prepared. for children's groups, placed on a little table where the make bandages for hospitals incoming children eagerly ex- she has outlined a series of amined and began to read them. there, the boys agreeing to make twelve lessons shaping them- The children were moved to ask selves about these queries: (1) innumerable questions – which at home the frames to wind the Why Do Missionaries Go? (2) afforded receptivity. After the gauze on. Plans were laid to col- What Difference Does Knowing initial excitement died down, all lect materials for a little African God Make? (3) What Difference gathered about the table and dis- museum at the meeting place, and Does Knowing Jesus Make? (4) cussed Africa in general, the to construct a frieze each time What Difference Should Know- leader saying that as the parents which would answer the ques- ing Jesus Make in Us? (5) How were considering "Re-Thinking tions raised at the successive Do Missionaries Make a Differ- Missions" the children had – a meetings. (Scrapbooks and oth- ence? (6) What Difference Do right to ask, "Why do we need to er projects might be substitut- send missionaries to foreign ed.) Some children cut from an People Who Know Jesus Make countries?" After that the chal- old calendar letters to form the in the Home? (7) What Differ- lenging query was thrown out, main question, "What Difference ence Do Those Who Know Jesus "What difference does it make?" Does it Make?" Others practiced Make in the World? (8) How this question being printed on drawing a large question mark Can We Make a Difference? the blackboard in large letters. or the map of Africa, the best ef- While incorporating some mate- forts being used as patterns for rials of the United Lutherans, [142 ] the outlines on the frieze. Still for whose Women's Missionary Society the pamphlet was specifi-

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

others cut out heads of mission- recognizing that pastors and Give a poverty luncheon–cut out what you crave aries, etc. When finished, the other church leaders must often And serve only that which you need. frieze contained the comprehen- proceed conservatively in educat- Put into your gift box the money you sive question on the left, the map ing their people up to the ideal of savein the center with the subordi- purely voluntary giving for be- The results are surprising indeed! Now measure your waistline, and nate question, "Why Do Mission- nevolences and that time is a carefully, too, aries Go?" printed on it by the prime factor in the process, we Every inch earns a cheerful fine; leader, the picture of Christ on are glad to pass along sugges- And your age~a coin for each year the right over the words, "I came tions that have come in from will do. that they may have life," and time to time, urging that no plan Gray hairs are a hopeful sign!

just below the cutouts of the be used without a spiritualized The Baptist women at Santa Ana, California, have an all-year missionaries under the words, atmosphere and adaptation. birthday plan which brings in many a missionary dollar. Little "Go ye into all the world," these Proper motivation is quite pos- yellow bags with a torch sten- ciled on each and the following texts having been chosen by the sible in any of the following: jingle enclosed are given out at the beginning of the season: children after the preliminary Moccasins and Gifts. After presenttalk. ing an Indian program, one mission- Please put within this little bag A dime for every year A frieze was developed at each ary society distributed small moccasucceeding meeting and the sec- . sins made of dark red cambric. These The Lord has blessed and spared your ondary questions similarly an- were stitched with yellow and life swered. Near the close of the trimmed with colored beads. Inside was a rhyme requesting the recipient To work for Him down here. series, matters were so shaped to place' in the moccasin a sum equal to five times the size of her shoe and Or if you cannot spare that much, up that the children planned a to bring the moccasin and its con- Please give a less amount closing program at which par- tents to the next meeting. The enents and other children might be suing program opened with a short To spread the Gospel of our Lord So that your life may count. told all that they, themselves, devotional service based on the Indian version of the Twenty-third Psalm. Tell us the month your birthday's in had learned at the meetings and This was followed by six three-minute (The year we do not care), at which the series of friezes speeches on Indians who had chosen might be explained. This was the Jesus Road. A tepee with a camp Then you may sit within that group fire and fir trees placed on standards And in its fun you'll share. carried out to the last detail, the formed an attractive background. A children even staying to clear up woman and a girl dressed as Indians At table we'll collect the bags. all paraphernalia after the in- sat by the side of the tepee, the' for- And tUrn the money in, spiration was gone. Questions mer reciting an Indian poem wliile the To spread the Gospel o'er the earth, 1, 5, 6 and 8 were answered by pianist played softly, "By the Waters Christ's victories to win. means of vivid shadow pictures of Minnetonka." At the close of the thrown upon a sheet from the meeting two ushers gathered the moc- At each all-day meeting of the rear, children not only doing the casins with their offerings, and the women's society a birthday table acting but certain ones serving Indian girl gave in the sign language is arranged with a candleas announcers and explainers in the benediction, "May the Great Spir- crowned cake in the center, all a prologue and an epilogue. The it Mystery make sunrise in your the members whose natal days details of this series are most heart." At the accompanying mother fall within the current month be- and daughter banquet, little brown ing seated together and handing suggestive and inspiring.* It is paper canoes filled with spice drops in their offering bags. were used as favors. A heavy card The Hyde Park Baptist inconceivable that young people with a slit in it served as an easel Church, in Chicago, reports it~ conditioned thus in early life birthday party thus: should grow up with the indif- to make the canoe stand U"'. There In response to a charming jingle ference or the apathy toward were also little brown Paper tepees announcing the plan and the hope for with the program inside. The meet- an attendance of Methusalehs, all women in attendance upon the first ing was called "The Council of the meeting in April assembled in the so- cial room at the close of the afternoon foreign missions which, in their Squaws." program and were seated in a large parents, affords the present-day obstacle to the activation of The (The above-mentioned psalm in the Great Commission. sign language may be obtained from The American Baptist Publication Society, 1701 Chestnut St., Phila., Penna.) -Adapted from Missions.

How Shall We Finance the Capitalizing Natural Phenom- Church ena. When financial receipts de- Some of our readers are ask- clined so sharply last year, the circle in the center of which was a dainty table with birthday cake, dafing for more definite money-rais- Baptist women gave out little fodils and tall yellow candles. By ing plans than were given in this "silver boxes" bearing the in- previous connivance, one member department last month. The Edi- scription, "Every cloud has a sil- whose birthday fell in each of the suc- tor has long advocated the old ver lining. On every cloudy day cessive months had been supplied with a tiny candle and requested to act as formula: To raise money-first put in a piece of silver." These gift boxes were to be opened at leader of her group when called. The put your hand deep down into Christmas and Easter for spe- chairman then announced that an apyour pocket, get a good grip on propriate reading, instrumental or the money and then raise it. But cial gifts over and above the reg- vocal selection would herald the suc- cessive months as the calendar was * What Difference Does it Make? Litera- ular budget. Some of the sug- reviewed. This gave opportunity for gestions for raising extra money delightful entertainment, with the ture Headquarters of the United Lutheran merry carols of December, the bells Church, 723 Muhlenherg Bldg., Phila., Pa. follow. Price, 25 cents.

of January, the patriotism of Febru- electricity is stored power, and it is David McConoughy ($1.00 Presby- ary, the proverbial winds of March, only a question as to where that pow- terian Board). the showers of April, the flowers of er is to be loosed . . . Do you see For Women, "Stewardship in the May, the brides of June, the fire- what a blessed, what a solemn thing Life of Women," by Helen Kingsbury works of July, etc. When the musical this giving is-this giving of my Wallace (Revell Co., price, cloth, or literary keynote of a month was stored self to my Master? . . . When $1.00; paper, 50 cents); "Women thus given, its name was called; and we think of money that way and give and Stewardship," by Ellen Quick led by the key-woman for that month it that way and tell others of it, then Pierce (Westminster Press, 25 cents). (bearing her candle to be lighted at we shall have the Church of God say- For young people, "Stewardship in the central one), all present whose ing: "Hasten the collection in the the Life of Youth," by Williamson natal days fell within the month church. Quick! Let the ushers pass and Wallace (Revell Co., cloth, $1.00; marched around the table and deposit- down that we may loose ourselves for paper, 50 cents); "Stewardship for ed their Methusalean pennies in its Jesus' sake and send out stored power All of Life," by Luther E. Lovejoy dainty receptacle. At the close the the world around for the sake of Him who gave Himself for us. That is (Methodist Book Concern, 75 cents). birthday cake was cut and each per- consecrated use of money.-The New son received a small piece. The funds Christian. For children, "Stewardship Stories," were used as an offering for the Eas- by Guy L. Morrill (Doubleday, Doran & Co., price, 50 cents); "More Stewter objective. ardship Stories for Boys and Girls,"

The Methodist women ob- Attention, Pastors! by Emma A. Robinson (M. E. Book Concern, price, 35 cents):; "Junior served Calico Year last year Have you made any definite Stewards of the Bible," by Helen K. (and are repeating it in spirit as drive in your church toward the Wallace (Revell Co., 75 cents).

well as practice), the spirit of goal of Stewardship Education? 3. Use popular devices for sacrificial economy being visual- If so, write us for publication serving up the material, particized by a small calico pocket con- about the plans used. If not, ularly with youth. Essay containing a suitable leaflet with the ponder carefully the following tests, reading contests for points, request that a self-denial offering suggestions and act at once upon poster contests, debates on such be accumulated therein by a giv- those best suited for local con- questions as "Resolved: That the en date. At the end of the period ditions. The matter is a para- practice of the stewardship of it was proposed that not only the mount, basic one under present money is superior in financing gifts be turned in but that the conditions. the church to commercial moneycalico pockets and similar dress- 1. Organize the endeavor. raising methods," an experience es, freshly laundered, be brought Some churches have a School of meeting of tithers, a stewardship to the meeting and relayed to Stewardship with graded classes intelligence test in which statemissionaries on the field. It was meeting for six successive weeks ments concerning stewardship suggested that a nice handker- as in a School of Missions. The are to be marked as true and chief or other suitable gift be meetings may be at the Sunday false, dramatizations, etc. Hometucked away in the pocket. school or the young people's made sketches may be arranged· hour, at the time of the regular on anyone of several books. In "A More Excellent Way" midweek service or as otherwise addition, one leader recommends determined. Others arrange "Farming Eden," "Not Exempt" Paul has told us that while cer- stewardship classes as a part of and the old but ever good tain practices were good and de- "Thanksgiving Ann." sirable, "Yet show I unto you a the School of Missions. Somemore excellent way"-which times the studies form a part of 4. By all means have the study proved to be the way of love. the annual program calendar of eventuate and activate itself in When church leaders succeed in the Women's Society, the Young a project. Among these may be convincing the membership that People's Group, the children's mentioned tithers' leagues; an money is stored power in the ex- every-member canvass; Chrispending of which we loose our missionary societies. Sometimes tian Americanization calls; the very selves, and that back of it the pastor uses successive prayer working out of family and perall there is an obligation of stew- meetings for lectures or discus- sonal budgets in which a Chrisardship under the impulse of sions by qualified leaders. In any tian balance shall be established love, church treasurers will cease event, do not make the matter between necessities, luxuries and to turn prematurely grey and random or occasional. amusements on one hand and missionary administrators will Kingdom-building on the other; sing the Doxology all day long. 2. Select the best material for reading, study or as a basis for visualizations of the denomina- My definition of money for this exposition or demonstration. In tional or the church budget; purpose is simply this: Money is my- teaching children how to keep acself . . . At the close of the week I addition to specific denomina- counts segregating an amount get $12.00 and put it into my pocket. tional publications on steward- for benevolences; working out ship, books on the following list will be found excellent: What is that $12.00? It is a week's For mixed groups of adults, "Work- plans for them to earn the money worth of my muscle put into green- ers Together," by Frederick A. Agar they give instead of passing along parental hand-outs, etc. backs and pocketed; that is, I have and Harry S. Myers (Fleming H. What church commercialism can got a week's worth of myself in my Revell Co., $1.00); "Stewardship and pocket. Now the moment you under- Missions," by Charles A. Cook (Amerstand this, you begin to understand that money in your pocket is not mere- ican Baptist Publication Society, furnish the needful funds as ly silver and gold but is something cloth, 50 cents; paper, 35 cents); profitably and as well as an eduhuman, something that is instinct with power expended. Money like "The Stewardship of Life," by Julius cational campaign like the fore- Earl Crawford (Cokesbury Press, going?

$1.00); "Money, the Acid Test,'; by BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, H)5 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~II=–"–==–==—==-~=–==–====—–==–=—-=~=-===I~ HOME MISSIONS TODAY AND TOMORROW The Annual Meetings of the Home Missions Council and the Council of Women for Home Missions, were held January 8-11, 1934, at the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church in New York.

"Builders of a New World" Digest of the Meeting of lege, and with three years of graduate work, but in his own Theme taken from the book of Leaders of Young People. Miss thinking he had never connected that title, by Robert M. Bartlett. Sue Weddell, Chairman of the current movements and the Committee on Young People's Christian teaching with which These are quotations from the Work, presided, and brought to he was endowed. The churches devotions of the Annual Meeting the group a statement from the have given the individual an unof the Committee on Young Peo- Foreign Missions Conference. derstanding of the Christian life ple's Work, conducted by Miss Three characteristics are notable but have not been able to make Nona M. Diehl, Secretary for in young people today;-they are the connection between that rich- Young Women, Women's Mis- searching for a faith; they are ness of life and the individual's sionary Society, United Luther- wanting to do things; they are place in society. The result is an Church in America. needing something to take the that many of our most aspiring place of the Student Volunteer young men and women of today 1 Corinthians 3: 10-13, Wey- appeal in a day when the church- when they want something with mouth Translation. Paul says: es are not able to send many which to ally themselves choose missionaries to the field. It had projects that may have grown In exercise oj the grace given me also been noted by Miss Weddell originally from Christian ethics, by God, I, like a competent master- in contact with young people but the leaders of which are no builder, have ladd a foundation, and that they were greatly chal- longer Christian in any sense of others are building upon it. But let lenged by such movements as the everyone be careful how he builds. Oxford Group and communism. the word." For no one can lay any foundation Dr. Daniel A. Poling felt this other than that which is already laid, "The whole problem of the namely, Jesus Christ. And whether to be the heart of the problem the building which anyone erects on present day," said Dr. Mary E. and said the underlying reason that foundation be of gold or silver, lay in the fact that the psycholor costly stones, or of timber or hay Markley, in reference to the ogy of youth is advance, whereor straw-the character of each in- as the psychology of the Church dividual's work shall appear. youth of the Church, "is that we today is withdrawal. He finds have no method of making tangi- that emphasis needs to be placed This poem used as a prayer: ble and efficient the connection first of all upon attitude. between the Christian dynamic God grant us wisdom in these coming and the thing that is going on in Three ways were suggested by days, the world about us; the nexus Dr. Poling to give the young peo- needs to be made between the in- ple a place in the home mission- And eyes unsealed, that we clear dividual Christian life and the ary enterprise:- visions see social situations in which the in- dividual finds himself." As an 1. To have more adequate represen- Of that new world that He would example, Dr. Markley who is tation of youth on our Mission Boards. have us build, secretary of the Board of Edu- cation of the United Lutheran 2. To have a compuls·ory retiring To life's ennoblement and His high Church spoke of a young man be- age for Board secretaries. ministry. longing to the Student League for Industrial Democracy, who 3. To have a re-statement and re- To pledge our souls to nobler, loftier came into her office one day to definition of our missionary enter- life, talk. When asked if he found prise that will make it possible for anything new in this movement people to believe that we mean to stop To win the world to His fwir sanc- which he could not find in the overlapping and rivalry and denomi- tities, New Testament, his answer was: national divisions. "I never thought about that." To bind the nations in a pact of peace, "Reared in a Christian home, Opening S e s s ion, Annual And free the Soul of Life for finer graduated from a Christian col- Meeting of the Council of Wom- loyalties. en, was a fellowship supper on [145 ] January eighth. Mrs. Daniel A. I Poling presided, and her opening Not of our own might can we hope to rise Above the ruts and failures of the past, But with His help Who did the first earth build With hearts courageous may we fairer build this last.

-John Oxenham. message was "Love one another, Tuesday Evening, with the new realization of missions and as I have loved you." Mrs. An- Home Missions Council. a dependence upon God.

son Spotton of the Un it e d At a well attended dinner The summary address by Dr. Church of Canada was one of meeting, Dr. Henry W. A. Han- Albert W. Beaven, President of our honor guests, as was Mrs. son, chairman of the Committee the Federal Council of Churches Howard Wayne Smith, president on Review and Forecast, gave an of Christ, stressed the value of interesting address. He said: cooperation. of the former Federation ')f Women's Boards of Foreign Mis- The Home MisSions task of the Weare conscious of the tradition sions. This organization is now Church is not one which could be com- for which we stand,-the cause of integrating its work with that mitted to a small group of men and Christ. In reviewing our home misof the Foreign Missions Confer- women as theirs alone, it is the task sion task, no one has the sense of h!1vence. of the whole Church, the task of mak- ing done it as it should be done, we ing America Christian, of driving the come with a sense of inadequacy. That Miss Weddell presented the pipes out into the desert lands of is not due to not reaching our goal, findings of the Young People's America. merely that the nearer we came to Committee, and the Executive the goal, the broader, the finer, the Secretary, Miss Anne Seesholtz, The Church has three great responsi- deeper, the project seemed to become. in her report, marked for us bilities: We have conquered ground and de- veloped resources and must now turn month by month, the major tasks (1) The slum areas, out of touch them into a blessing. We of the accomplished this year. Miss with everything worth while. Church are realizing we have not Seesholtz is serving on the fac- counted as we ought to count if we ulty of the Florida Chain of Mis- (2) The second great "'roup are in are as we profess to be. sions from January 20 through our educational institutions. There February 15, speaking in church- are thirty million boys and girls, men If curtailment will move in the dies, schools and clubs several and women enrolled in various types rection of cooperation it will accomtimes each day. of educational institutions. What plish much. Cooperation that is in the are the churches doing for them? form of emulation, is an advantage. In the absence of Miss Sees- Education must have at its heart "that It must be fitted to the needs of the holtz we are happy to prepare mind which was in Christ Jesus." people participating. Denominationalthis account of the annual meet- Student pastors are like flowers here ism as it exists, implements our: selfings. The executive secretary and there in a great desert. We are ishness. We cling tenaciously to little related a story told by Alex- turning out students with Rolls-Royce loyalties to the exclusion of bigger ander Irvine of his mother Anna, power and Ford brakes, growing up ones. who when he was a lad put two with everything but spiritual earnestsmooth sticks in his hands, told ness. America needs a generation of The Joint Sessions of the him to hold tight, close his eyes, young people coming into her pulpits, Councils. Our Supreme Enand see the tree at the end of a who are spiritually earnest about their couragement, 0 u r Available field, in which he would plow a tasks, asking to supply the place of Companionship, 0 u r Watchstraight furrow. She concluded greatest missionary need. word for the Hour, the s e her lesson by saying:- thoughts on which Dr. Ernest (3) Group of the political burden M. Halliday centered our wor- Listen dear, ye've put yer han' t' bearers. ship during the three days, were the plow; ye must niver, niver take truly helpful in setting a high it away. All through life ye'll have The Church of today is like the level for our considerations and thim plow handles in yer han's an' Mount of Transfiguration, where the discussions. superlative found divine expression. At the foot of the mount is an infinite "Home Missions Today and need, a confused and baffled disciple- Tomorrow," the book prepared ship, needing the infinite power from the top to give them a magnificent ob- session.

ye'll be going down the furrow. Ye'll With a contagious sparkle, and by Rev. Hermann N. Morse, crack a stone here an' there, the freshness, Miss Lena Gillian, of D.D., was presented under four plow'II stick offen and things will be Annville Academy, in Kentucky, headings. (1) Interpretation, out of gear, but ye're in the furrow giving the underlying point of all the time. Ye'll change horses, ye'll and now in training as a nurse, view of the report, its purpose, change clothes, ye'll change yerself, spoke of the influence (in her the spirit and scope of it. (2) but ye'll always be in the furrow, years at school) of Christian Adequacy of the present proplowin', plowin', plowin'-ye're God's women who had stirred her am- gram. (3) Relationships of peoplow man. bition to make her life count too. ples, of agencies, Church groups In 1933 we too have been "God's plowmen." Miss Florence Another splendid contribution and non-church groups. (4) Tyler, Secretary of the Commit- to our evening was made by Dan Next Steps-specific recommentee on The World Day of Prayer, Poling of Princeton. His topic, dations to focus attention on the gave us a vivid picture of the "The Need of the Young People major forward steps. World Day of Prayer observance of the Church for the Mission Dr. Morse in his opening presin many places, and the realiza- Field," was illustrated by his entation, pointed the fact that tion of the length of the observ- own experience in teaching in "all of our problems are not due ance around the world, forty Daily Vacation Bible Schools in to this economic depression," it hours! the coal fields of South Dakota. has but accentuated the problems The Council of Women met in He sensed in it an opportunity, we already had, thrown them inseparate session on Tuesday and sensed also his poverty, felt to. bolder relief. "Weare forced morning in order to receive the he had nothing to give to boys to adapt the whole structure of reports of our standing commit- and girls who walk six miles home missions to the changed tees. every day to class. It brought a Meeds of this new day."

AMERICA Mexican Outbreak Against ferences for Christian

Religion people have been held with ex- United Evangelical Church of After an interval since the last cellent success for three years. Puerto Rico outbreak against clericalism in Tlanextepec, an Aztec word Mexico, recent events indicate which means "the hill where the the beginning of a fresh, cam- The Evangelical Union of new day breaks," is the mean- Puerto Rico, organized in 1916 paign further to eliminate the ingful name given the young as a coordinating agency for people's camp where a new day Baptist, Disciples, Methodist and influence of the Church from the in reality is breaking for the Presbyterian churches, and the youth of Mexico. United Evangelical Church of life of the State. It is not merely Puerto Rico (Christian, Congre- the Roman Catholic Church Contagious Enthusiasm gational and United Brethren), which is the object of attack, but have reorganized under a new all churches and all religion. The Central American Indian name and constitution. Mission reports the following in- Speakers at the convention of stance of loyalty: This new organization's policy the National Revolutionary party (the party now in power VVhen the question was brought up will be to make grants of appro- as to whether the little lukewarm con- in Mexico), lately in session at gregation in San Antonio Palopo priations to the aided churches Queretero, shouted "Down with could support their Zutugil student religion! Down with God !" pastor and family, there was a tendrather than directly to their min- ency to fall back upon the arm of the Hostility to all religion is shown isters. The local council of the in declarations like the follow- United Church will apportion ing: mission. But one member arose and the grants from the mission The revolutionaries are not ene- said, "Brethren, we have very little Boards, instead of having indi- mies only of the Roman Catholic money to give, but we can give what vidual grants made by the Board Church but of all churches, because we have. I offer one acre of planted committees at the home offices. they deform men's brains, transfo~m­ land for the use of our pastor." It is hoped that the Evangelical ing them into instruments for servmg Churches of Puerto Rico will capitalism. Another Christian eagerly anthus be able to enjoy independ- nounced, "I give two acres of land ence with fellowship. There is no God except in petrified ready to plant." hearts and books. The priests are Haiti Becomes Hispaniola like bartenders who exploit mankind. A third jumped to his feet and promised, HI offer one acre of my The second largest island in VVe must sacrifice even respect for timber plot, so that our pastor may area and population in the West our mothers' beliefs for the sake of be assured of enough wood for his Indies, Haiti, which comprises the younger generation, giving the use." the Republics of Haiti and of latter socialist, rationalist and un- Santo Domingo, is making its prejudiced education. The enthusiasm charged the whole appearance on official United congregation. Several agreed to States maps and in publications The Mexican government is a furnish foodstuffs, while others promas Hispaniola, thus having its "revolutionary" government, and ised small sums of money. That en- some of the leaders, who are thusiasm still continues unabated, most influential in it, are con- with actual fulfilment of their prom- vinced that the revolution must ises. grow more anti-religious. -Moody Institute Monthly. -Christian Century. "No Crisis With God" in Chile William M. Strong, of the name restored to that given it by Mexico's Sunday Schools Soldiers' Gospel Mission of Columbus when he discovered it in 1492. Haiti was the original More than 500 Evangelical South America and stationed at Sunday schools)n Mexico have a Concepcion, Chile; was inspired Carib name for the island. This total enrolment of about 40,000. with fresh hope by the receipt change was made because it has This is an increase of sixty per been difficult to distinguish the cent over the report made last of a letter enclosing a check, and whole island, and the Republic year at Rio de Janeiro. Mexico the words: "There is no crisis of Haiti, which occupies only also leads the twenty Latin with the Lord."

Many new homes have been opened to the Gospel through the one-half of it. It was also an American nations in vacation tent services and vacation Bible injustice to Santo Domingo, Bible schools, with the possible Schools. The work is branching which occupies the other half. exception of Brazil. Camp con- out to include 100,000 Mapuchi [147 ]

Indians, who are largely within EUROPE the loss of her wealth and social a circle 120 miles in diameter. Buddhism Bold in Britain prestige, and the persecutions to These Indians are now en- which she is subjected-has been thralled in a system of witch- Buddhism is preparing to to increase her attractiveness craft. make its first bid for an impor- for the Jews. Under the Czar it Mr. Strong points out the tre- tant place in Europe. It is not is said that the Jews who turned mendous opportunity in the an Easterner who is leading the to Christianity did so for very rural districts of Chile. The movement, but a Jew, named worldly reasons, and few paid Mission has recently purchased Trebitsch Lincoln, who before any real attention to the Gospel 25 acres of land in a thickly pop- donning the gray and yellow- message. It is different today. ulated rural district, where the brown robes of the Abbot Chao Under the official harrow an people are a sturdy, serious Kung, was a cleric of the evangelical movement is spreadminded type, but unreached by Church of England, member or ing and deepening within the the Gospel. the British Parliament, then a Russian Church, whose simple spy for Germany during the primitive Christian doctrine and sincere spirit of brotherhood are Sowing the Seed in Brazil World War. He is now the drawing the Jews within its in- fluence as no church movement Baptist mIsSIonaries, who leader of a band of twelve dis- ever did before." have labored in the Amazon ciples, drawn from leading counvalley of Brazil for over forty -Watchman-Examiner. years, have seen great changes tries of Europe. Undaunted by take place. The most important his exclusion from Great Britain Scandinavian Missions is the number of people from almost every class of life, who and Sweden, and expUlsion from The Lutheran Church in the have come to know Jesus Christ Belgium last year, Abbot Chao Scandinavian countries reports as their personal Saviour. Over Kung is determined to return to its foreign mission enterprise in five hundred belong to the Bap- Europe with his twelve disciples the following figures: tist churches scattered all the way from Para (or Belein) to and several Chinese monks to Denmark Norway Sweden the borders of Peru and Colom- establish a monastery. bia, on the Amazon River; to the Missionaries . 240 400 700 southwest on the Madeira River If he is not allowed entry to to Bolivia; to the north on the any country in Europe he Contributions (crowns) . 1,750,000 3,000,000 4,250,000 threatens that all Christian mis- sionaries in Buddhist lands must Baptized In go home. 1930 ….. 1,900 11,000 6,000 Native Chris- -New York Times. tians …. 29,000 156,000 85,000 White River towards British New Conditions in Spain AFRICA Guiana. Spanish Protestants are still a Abyssinia's Crusade Against Presbyterians also have sta- feeble folk, numbering less than Slavery tions and doing good work in 20,000, but among them are men Brazil. The British Bible So- of ability and consecration, who Antislavery reform measures are dreaming of a strong Evan- in Abyssinia, to bring slavery to ciety maintains a staff of col- gelical Church of Spain. Several an end within a period of twenty porteurs, who use their own foreign churches – American, years, have been making proglaunches and canoes, traveling French, Swiss, German, Dutch, ress since they were put into English, Irish, and Scottish are force over a year ago. A Slavery up and down the many rivers helping toward this end. In Department was established in and sowing the Word of God. 1932, the Evangelical Church of August, 1933, and first concen- St. Paul was dedicated in Bar- trated on preventing slave raids Forty years ago there was one celona, a city of 1,000,000 peo- and the trade in slaves. It was ple. Less than two years pre- revealed that some of the highlone Methodist missionary and vious, evangelical forces were est officials were involved in wife working Para. They were not permitted even to hold a con- these affairs; one of them was self-supporting, but had to put ference in Barcelona. The open- Sheik Khojali, whose wife had ing of this church is said to be actually established a slave deup a hard, brave struggle to without a parallel in Spain. pot in the Sudan, through which manage a living. had passed 600 slave children. Persecution Adds Strength She was imprisoned, and is now The Christian natives make in a Sudan jail. active soul winners but being World Dominion states that, young in the faith and having no in spite of unceasing attacks -Literary Digest. upon all religion in Russia, the previous knowledge of the Bible facts tend to prove that Chris- After Twenty-eight Years and the Christian life, they are not always stable without the oversight of the missionary.

We greatly need reinforcements and support to keep those who are on the field from being called home.

MRS. E. A. NELSON, tianity is far from being a spent Nearly 4,000 Christians, many Caixa 84A, Manaos, for force. According to a German of them second generation be- forty-one years a mission- writer: "One consequence of the lievers, dedicated their new ary in Brazil. Church's temporal misfortune- Lolodorf Church in Ngumba,

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

West Africa, last July. Large riage and divorce, education for Saoud, powerful ruler 9f Arabia, girls, etc. Other questions were including the Hedjaz and Mecca. delegations from five daughter brought up by the women them- Riadh is in the very heart of churches were present to rejoice selves. These were the principal Arabia 300 miles west of Bahwith the mother church in this findings of the women: rain, the Persian Gulf port, and first permanent church home 450 miles east of Jidda, the port since the organization twenty- 1. A believer ought not to marry an on the Red Sea through which eight years ago. The building unbeliever, and the Church must not letters reach us. sanction such marriages. is a credit to all who had a part The following brief letter, in fulfilling a long-cherished 2. It is the duty of women to rear dated Riadh, October 11, 1933, their children in Christian homes, and from Mrs. G. D. Van Peursem, dream – dignified, compact, yet to allow their daughters equal oppor- of the Arabian Mission of the commodious; with a main audi- tunities with the boys for schooling. Reformed Church in America, torium, three gallaries, choir loft gives a fascinating first glimpse 3. The wife of a teacher should al- of the king's household as seen and session room. It is built of ways go with him to live in the village through the eyes of a Christian brick, cement and tile. where he teaches. (It is far too com- woman. mon for a wife to let her husband go Two dedicatory services were alone to the new village where he has Who had faith enough to believe been sent as teacher.) that on Dr. Dame's fourth visit, he held to accommodate the crowds, would have his wife, an Indian nurse and the seating capacity was all 4. Wives of teachers ought to be and myself along and so open wom- taught too, so that they can help their en's work in the very center of the taken by church members only. husbands. They should have teaching Islamic world, in the palace harem in hygiene and mid-wifery as well as of the King, Bin Saoud? Old Man Burns Gods in elementary school subjects. We have been here almost three On one of his tours from 5. Christians must not drink fer- months. Permission to leave has been mented drinks of any kind, whether tentatively granted for October 20 Moanza, in Belgian Congo, made of the juice of sugar cane or but we doubt that arrangements will pineapple, mashed corn, or the sap of be made for that date. As guests of Africa, a Baptist worker visited the palm tree. the King, we naturally are not inde- pendent; as a matter of fact no a village set on a high grassy 6. Christians should not indulge in European or American ever comes to heathen customs of mourning for the Riadh unless invited or permitted to hill. As he entered he heard dead. come by the King, and is his guest during his stay. songs, and soon over five hun- -Missions. Both Mrs. Dame and I have been dred people were gathered and New Afrikaans Bible adopted as members of the family as far as social position is concerned. he began to examine a large In the British and Foreign Bi- The King holds a Mejlis (reception) ble Society's magazine, Rev. A. every Friday for his women relatives, number of candidates for bap- H. Wilkinson says that the new sisters, aunts, wives, daughters and Afrikaan's Bible has "veritably daughters-in-law. We have been intism. The first to be examined proved best seller. The English vited to attend these. Everybody sits Shilling Bible sold half a million according to rank, the King's own full was an old chief, Tawamba, who copies in a year. There are prob- sisters by his own mother, sitting ably fifty times more people nearest to him. We have been placed during the past year had given speaking English than there are next to the youngest of thes.e three speaking Afrikaans, yet, al- sisters and ahead of the other nine. evidence of a change of life and though the Afrikaans book is Wives do not rank as high as sisters. two and a half times the price of The King introduced us to those who had been leading his people to- the English, we have expecta- had not met us previously, by telling tions of selling a quarter of a them we were the only Christians he ward Christianity. While he was million within the first year. would invite to Riadh, that we were Seldom in the history of the So- real true Christians, missionaries, being examined there lay before ciety has a new version of the whose purpose is to spread their re- Bible had such instantaneous ligion, and that we were doing everythe little church a smoldering success. During the past fifteen thing we did in the service of God. years the language has been reheap of fetishes and images, the made. The vocabulary has been JOSEPHINE E. VAN PEURSEM. standardized by the publication last of his idols and fetishes. -Neglected Arabia. of official dictionaries and gram- When· the old chief made his mars. Afrikaans has ousted Persecutions of Moham- Dutch from the schools as a medeclaration of faith in Christ, dium of instruction." medans the native pastor turned to -The Presbyterian. The activities of the Soviet Government in Turkestan are whisper to the worker: "Tata, WESTERN ASIA causing many Mohammedans to leave the country. Many of you. can't appreciate what this At the Cour,t of Bin Saoud them reach the Panjab and Delhi. The Statesman, published all means to him. There are his For the first time American in Calcutta, reports that the re- women have been invited to strictions of the government beold gods outside smoldering, and Riadh, capital city of Sheikh Bin gan with the prohibition of all here he, an old man, has dared to say they are powerful in life no longer!" -Forward.

, New Day for Congo Women To a conference of native church workers, held at Sona Bata, each station sent two women delegates. This is the first time Congo women have organ- ized for business and discussion. Sessions for men and women were held separately but all joined in devotional periods. The men proposed what they considered proper questions for the women to consider – mar-

religious instruction in the drivers. One driver sleeps while BOMBAY PRESIDENCY: schools as well as of all mission- the others are in charge. ary activity. As the influence One missionary to every 37,575 Inof Moscow increased, the Koran Back of the front baggage dian Population. and other religious books were compartment is a bulkhead taken away. In order to prevent carrying two spare wheels and UNITED PROVINCES: the attendance at the mosques, tires, and back of this bulkhead the officials compelled all who is a complete buffet, with a re- One missionary to every 66,956 Inwent there to pray, to pay high frigerator holding 500 pounds dian population. taxes and the preachers and of ice and accommodating ample heads of congregations who op- food and drink for the trip, a CENTRAL PROVINCES: posed these regulations, were double plate burner for cooking, imprisoned, shot to death or sent and complete serving equipment. One missionary to every 42,639 Into Moscow, from where no Serving and recreation tables dian population. further word ever reached their and other conveniences are furfriends. Religious schools were nished. A telephone system con- PUNJAB: closed and Mohammedan chil- nects the driver in the tractor dren were compelled to attend cab with the crew of the pas- One missionary to every 60,690 Inschools where atheism was senger coach. dian population. taught. They were taught to despise the religion of their par- The second class section of the BURMA: ents. Those who wanted to make coach is located at the rear. pilgrimages to the holy places Underneath is the water supply One missionary to every 37,700 Inreceived no passports and fast- tank holding 90 gallons. At the dian population. ing for religious reasons was forward end of this section is a declared a criminal offence. lavatory compartment. MADRAS: This presents a close parallel It is this service and similar One missionary to every 41,124 Into what was and is still experi- ones that have opened up the dian population. enced by Christians under the Near East to the tourist and same government! have enabled many Bible stu- CEYLON: dents to visit the sites of ancient A New Ship of the Desert Biblical cities like Babylon, Ur One missionary to every 32,973 In- of the Chaldees and Nineveh. dian population. A recent interesting and sig- Along with this has gone the denificant development in the East velepoment of air travel, which RAJPUTANA: is the transportation by motor has made it possible to reach bus from Damascus and Haifa ancient Babylon from England One missionary to every 14,363 Into Baghdad across the desert. in a few days. dian population. This service was established by two brothers named Nairn, and -The Evangelical Witness. CENTRAL INDIA: is today one of the recognized feature"s of Eastern travel. Re- Service in Kabul One missionary to every 75,171 Incently there has been constructed dian population. for this service by the Bender Not since 1879 has a Christian Body Company and Marmon- service been held in Kabul until Even these figures do not tell Herrington Co. of the United last fall. The chaplain at Pesh- the whole story, since half of the States the largest motor bus in awar was asked to come to the missionaries are engaged in medthe world. legation that the staff might ob- ical, educational and industrial serve the Lord's Supper. A work, thus giving to each evan- This caravan coach is seventy medical missionary from the gelistic missionary twice the feet long and eleven feet high. C. M. S. hospital accompanied number of population above It has both first-class and second- him, but not as a missionary, specified. class passenger compartments, for it was specifically agreed with front and rear inside stor- that there should be no preach- -United Church Record. age spaces accommodating 6,100 ing apart from the Sunday servpounds of freight and baggage. ices for the legation staff. This Fifty-three Confirmations The rear fish tail end holds 3,100 chaplain was probably the first pounds and the space at the British missionary to enter Dr. Azariah, Bishop of Dornafront over the fifth wheel 3,000 Afghanistan for a hundred kal, had fifty-three confirmations pounds. Interior luggage shelves years. -Alliance Weekly. within a year, confirming 3,054 in the first-class compartment persons. Massachusetts, New accommodate 2,500 pounds. Ad- INDIA York and Pennsylvania are the ditional luggage may be carried only American dioceses of the on the roof. The crew consists One Among Many Thousands Protestant Episcopal Church in of conductor, steward and three which this number of persons Here is the percentage of confirmed was exceeded. The missionaries to the population of first baptism in Dornakal took India, as found in the latest Mis- place, after several years' of sionary Directory: work, in 1906. As a diocese, the field has just come of age, as Bishop Azariah celebrated the twenty-first anniversary of his consecration on December 29, 1933.

But the most impressive fact is that the Indian clergy are growing. They have put con- version in the quality of one's living as the first essential to a Christian life, and have made this their primary responsibility. Teaching is put next in impor- tance. One young Indian teacher thus reports his work among vil- lage people: They used to drink toddy but when I told them of the disadvantages that

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

come and that it was a sin in God's for consolidating small uneco- and the injection "Sala," with sight, they stopped the habit. They nomical holdings. its old gun rack seats, was used used to poison cattle (to get their for all kinds of meetings. There hides) but they are now all right. I The Guardian also points to beg you to pray for the work to go on great social progress as coming has been great need for a suit- victoriously and that I may be true from the new cooperative socie- able House of Prayer. The and faithful in my work. ties which have long been India's young women's Philo Christo From Jungle to School one real hope of overthrowing Bible Class of McKeesport, Pa., the old power of the money- heard of the need and have do- A Baptist missionary of Nal- lender. Twenty-four years ago nated a beautiful building to the there was not one cooperative service of Christ among lepers. gonda, South India, writes: society in India. Today there One hundred and nine lepers The other day a man brought in his are more than one hundred thou- assembled for the joyful dedicasmall son and asked that we take him. They had walked thirty miles through sand, and the number is still in- tion service. Their "thorn in the jungle, and when they reached us and were informed about the fees re- creasing. the flesh" is recognized as given quired for entrance they were dis- A Faithful Convert in Assam to them to bring them to Christ, mayed. The lad was his eldest son, the only One who could say, with and had been dedicated to God in Far up in the northeast sec- love and authority, "I will, be prayer and hope that some day he tion of Assam Christian work is might be the preacher-teacher of the being carried on among the thou clean." Five more lepers village. The father is the only Chris- were baptized in the Christian tian there, a light to the glory of God Kachari peoples. Dr. A. J. Tut- faith. in that village. How could we turn him away? When we finally told him tle writes of an outstanding con- The building is of brick with that we would try to make provision vert, Demphla, who used to be a for the boy the father made his bitter enemy of the Christians. reenforced concrete pillars and salaam.s of thanksgiving and walked Early last year he accepted concrete floor and will seat two silently away. The father's earnings Christianity and being a leader hundred: The arcade which amount to about ten cents a day, and in his village his stand has atthere are eight others in the family. tracted others. Eighty-one new runs around the building will accommodate nearly a hundred – Watchman-Examiner. converts in his and a neighbor- more. ing village are reported. The "Villager the Real Indian" supervising pastor receives loyal The Home is struggling finan- support whenever he visits in The Manchester Guardian that area. cially as political disturbances claims that "the villager is the have delayed the granting of essential Indian," and that the -Watchman-Examiner. life in India's half million vil- promised aid from the Govern- ment. It is earnestly hoped that adequate help may come to tide over this real crisis.

lages will continue to dominate Burman Agricultural School More than nineteen thousand that country's 330,000,000 peo- of Siam's twenty thousand lepers ple. For this reason the Guardian The Agricultural School at still remain without scientific reminds the British Government Pyinmana, Burma, has com- treatment for their disease. that reform must begin with pleted its tenth year. The Gov- This constitutes tremendous village improvement. A plan ernment cooperates heartily and challenge to the Government, to toward this end was promoted makes a generous annual grant. the Church and to the friends of by Sir Frederick Sykes during Special features of the school lepers everywhere. DR. McDANIEL. his presidency of Bombay, ac- are the Annual Rural Recon- cording to which the village struction Institute, held each CHINA councils were urged to become spring, and the Workers' Instiinstruments of voluntary better- tute, held each autumn. There ment, and each to make their have been 342 students enrolled. Light in Darkness own village a "model." Of the graduates 58% have gone One is impressed with the fact The possibilities are almost back to farms, and 88 % are en- that while the material condition endless. In health matters every gaged in some form of service b of the people in Manchuria has villager could be taught to have rural communities. Student ac- never been worse, the spiritual himself vaccinated regularly tivities are reaching out to help condition of the church there against smallpox, to keep the as many people as possible. The has never been better. The new village water supply pure, to school farm occupies approxi- spirit which has awakened is build village incinerators and mately 200 acres. opening more doors for the Gostrench latrines, to drain stag- -Agricultural Mission Notes. pel than adverse material condi- nant pools, and to build his house tions are closing.

under by-law regulations which SIAM This spiritual impetus could the Council will have power to A New Chapel for Lepers be discerned at least four years enforce. Schools could be built before the Japanese political and illiteracy sharply cut down. At the Nakon Leper Home in coup d'etat of September, 1931.

For the farmer there could be Sritamarat, Siam, a new chapel About two years ago in Liaoyang advice and instruction for im- was dedicated on November 5. City Church 66 adults were bap- proving the yield of crops, and The Home was opened in 1927 tized at one service. In that dis-

trict there are at present over for Christian scholars to win the edu- evangelistic team were stoned by 500 inquirers preparing for bap- cated classes. Nearly all the members a prominent man from the welltism. In Moukden East Church of the present senior class are Chris- to-do section of the village, and during 1932 there were 165 tians. There is no reason for the Marcia in trying to escape, fell adult baptisms, with 200 in- University to continue unless it is a and narrowly missed being quirers receiving definite in- definitely Christian school. We need killed. The man who threw the struction. In a small village help in training leaders, in supporting stones was frightened. He ofchurch south of Moukden mem- such strategic institutions as ours, in fered to set off firecrackers, give bership was doubled in one year. encouraging us to attempt daring ex- a feast – anything Pastor Go Similar reports come from all periments in order to adapt our work might suggest as a formal apolsections. One striking evidence to the new day. Send us your best ogy. Both Marcia and Pastor of spiritual growth is the in- teachers and above all make your own Go refused to approve such repcreasing number of Chinese re- Christian life a center of power. aration. He couldn't undervival preachers. stand their attitude. When he – Watchman-Examiner. insisted on doing something to Rural Rehabilitation make amends, Pastor Go said Success of Chengtu Hospital they would accept a statement, Though embroiled in many signed by himself, that never political upheavals, government Notable work has been done again would he or his friends in officials are not overlooking the by the Eye, Ear, Nose and the village molest the Christians necessity of rural rehabilitation. Throat Hospital in Chengtu, of the village, nor would he ever General Chiang and his col- China, in training and inspiring again exact money from the leagues intend to set plans in Chinese young men to become Christians for idol worship and operation in Kiangsi and Fukien specialists in fields greatly needed showy idol processions. as soon as possible after they re- by China's millions. This Hos- -Woman's Missionary Friend. capture territory there from the pital in the capital of Szechuan communists. They are definitely Province is under the Methodist JAPAN-CHOSEN seeking the aid of Christian Board and is superintended by forces in this plan. Anglicans Dr. R. A. Petersen. Dr. Lu Christianity's Superior and Methodists in that region Djong-lin, after special training are quite sympathetic. A com- there, has just returned from a Teaching mittee of Christians has already twenty months' scholarship in been organized in this connec- England. He is one of the first The Japanese Government tion. The National Christian Chinese to take an advanced de- gave recognition of the National Council of China, whose aid was gree abroad and now holds an Christian Council of Japan by also requested, sent representa- assistant professorship on the sending two representatives 9f tives to Nanchang to confer faculty. Others have made no- the national Department of Eduabout the matter. Government table records. cation. One of the representaauthorities have offered to sup- tives stated that "Christianity ply a considerable part of the -Christian Advocate. has rendered a service to Japan funds needed. which is far out of proportion to Seventy New Centers the number of its adherents. -Christian Century. The superior character of its It is reported that at least teachings and the fact that it in- Need for Christian Educators seventy new centers in China troduced a new culture into have been occupied by the mis- Japan has made this possible. In Dr. Herman C. E. Liu, Presi- sionaries of the China Inland its present situation, however, dent of the University of Shang- Mission since the beginning of Japan is not so dependent on forhai, said in an address before a the forward movement in 1928. eign thought and influence as meeting of Baptists in Chicago: During the first nine months of formerly, and it is incumbent on last year 3,699 baptisms were Christianity to become indig- The business man, the diplomat and reported, more than 1,000 above enous to the soil and soul of the the traveler may have hostile views of the number reported for the nation." The representative of missions, but the Christian outlook same period last year. Japan's bureau of religions alone can be true to the real situation. pointed out that everything that The Christian churches in China are -Watchman-Examiner. has been taken into Japan's culan effective evangelizing agency, and ture in the past has been incorin spite of difficulties they are making An Adventure for Chris,t porated into the genius and life marked success. At the Christian of the empire; and that Chris- University of Shanghai there are Marcia D. Uong, a graduate tianity, if it is going to make its forty buildings, 2,500 students, and of Hwa Nan College and at pres- largest contribution, must also 1,500 in the extension courses. There ent a member of the faculty of develop within the national are 1,000 alumni of the University the Women's Biblical Institute spirit. Forty-four communions scattered throughout China. All the at Foochow in charge of the field and national Christian organizaleading Baptist ministers are grad- evangelistic work, returned from tions cooperating in the Council uates, as well as the leaders in all a twelve-day series of meetings were represented. Christian movements and many public on Haitang Island bruised and officials. injured, but smilingly recounted an adventure which paralleled The University is an important that of Paul when he was stoned evangelizing agency and there is need by the people of Lystra. The

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

New Kyo Kwan ill-treatment of children. Ten missionaries are needed and de- prefectures had rules for the sired by the Korean Church. On December 15, 1933, the proper treatment of children There is change of status and new building of the Christian which were enacted to prevent function, there is transfer of re- Literature Society and the cruelty on the part of foster par- sponsibility and control, but American Bible Society on the ents. In the rest of the prov- there is no loss of influence and Ginza was opened in Tokyo in inces it was left to the police to opportunity. the presence of 300 Japanese admonish guardians or parents, and foreign residents. Mr. and to inform the Prevention Says Bishop Welch: "My re- Hampei Nagao, Chairman of the Society when children had to be port on Korea is one of progress. Board of Directors, presided taken away from home. The progress in material things over the service which was ad- impresses one as soon as he dressed by Mr. Joseph Clarke Boys' Work in Korea enters the country…… This Grew, the American Ambas- widespread material change, if sador, and by Mr. Ryutaro Dr. E. T. Cho, prominent not equaled, is at least accom- Nagai, the Japanese Overseas Korean educator with a staff of panied by a striking advance in Minister. five workers, has undertaken a the Christian forces at work." piece of neglected philanthropy The new building stands on in the establishment of a Boys' -World Outlook. the same site occupied for 35 Work Association, a volunteer years by Christian publishing organization interested in the ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC organizations. practical and spiritual regenera- tion of Korean youth through Gospel Ship in Philippines Enthusiasm and vigor in spir- the extension of educational and itually uplifting the people to- Christian facilities. According Capt. Ellis Skolfield, comward a higher plane of life were to Dr. Cho, a vast army of Ko- mander of the Gospel Ship in the urged by Mr. Nagai whose rean boys and young men of Philippines, writes of increasing speech stressed that spiritual school age are at the mercy of interest among the p e 0 pie food is a fundamental necessity seemingly insurmountable bar- reached by this work. Bibles to the life of a people. riers in their search for educa- are sold and the proceeds used tion and their choice of a life to distribute the Scriptures The closing address was de- vocation. It will be the purpose among those too poor to buy. livered by Dr. Daikichiro Tag- of this Association to make these Capt. Skolfield writes of a man awa, President of Meiji Gakuin. barriers less hazardous through who came to him and said: "Do Christian teaching. The plan you have any of the words of Je- Protection of Children calls for night schools, special sus on this ship ?" We informed lectures, training in the arts and him that we had. He replied, "All Social legislation in Japan crafts, religious direction, physi- my life I have been wanting to made a forward stride on Oc- cal and athletic activities and hear some of the words of Jesus. tober 1, when an act for the pro- pursuit of world fellowship I have no money to buy them, tection of children from ill-treat- through correspondence and ex- but I have a good pig that I will ment and employment in certain change between nations. give you if you will let me have occupations harmful to their some of Jesus' words." To test moral or physical development A Bishop Looks at Korea the man we said, "Is this all that came into force. Some difficulty you have to exchange for the was anticipated in the enforce- Last June, Bishop Herbert words of Jesus?" He replied, "I ment, as interference with pa- Welch, of the Methodist Church, have a small house, a few cocoarental rights is contrary to J ap- made his first visit to Korea nut trees and some rice that I anese tradition. The need for since the reorganization of Meth- shall harvest next month. This legal protection had, however, odism in that country. On a is all that I have in the world." already been felt for some time, Conference Sunday in Pyeng- Then we told the man that the for, on account of the rapid in- yang he saw in operation some Lord Jesus wanted his heart and dustrialization of the country outstanding characteristics of not his pig or his land; and we and the consequent change in the the reorganized Church,-a gen- gave him the words of Jesus. social structure, the number of eral superintendent of limited destitute and ill-treated children term and powers; one order and Medical work is heavy. Nearly had increased. Furthermore, only one in the ministry; equal 800 people were given treatment since the coming into force of rights of women in all church in one month, more than half bethe Reformatory Act in 1900 and relations; and the more com- ing malaria cases. -Letter. the Juvenile Court Law in 1923 plete recognition of laymen in closer attention had been paid to matters of legislation and ad- News from ,the Philippines the causes underlying juvenile ministration. He found both delinquency which were often spirit and activity full of prom- Japan's Christian Graphic has found to be ill-treatment in ise. been used since July as a picchildhood, neglect, illegitimacy, torial supplement to five Philippoverty, bad neighborhoods, etc. As much as ever he found that pine religious newspapers. From 4,500 to 10,200 copies have been So far there had been no uni- circulated each month. formity in dealing with cases of

Within the last month two that binds the average church were held on the Pacific Coast church buildings have been dedi- within such narrow limits," and during November, under the cated in Manila, one by the there is needed "a thorough co- auspices of the Federal Council's United Evangelical Church, the ordination of all the agencies." Department of Evangelism. The other by a group of the Disciples Certain things can be done by testimony of many leaders in of Christ. The first cost ap- the denominations together to Seattle, Portland, Sacramento, proximately $12,500, the second demonstrate the i r essential Oakland, Fresno, Los· Angeles about $4,500. Both are attrac- unity, with efficiency, economy and San Diego was that a great tive edifices and contribute and good will in the promotion stimulus was given to the evan- greatly to the Protestant cause. of the total task. gelistic spirit of the churches.

Similar buildings erected any- Home Mission Advance In each of these cities there was where in the United States would a large attendance of pastors.

doubtless cost three or four As a result of the work of the Beginning January 3, a simtimes the amount invested in Five-Year Program Committee ilar series of conferences was these churches. The Union and the Committee on Review held in Eastern and Southern Church of Manila with 316 mem- and Forecast, the Home Missions cities, reaching from New York bers has raised a budget of more Councils have projected a pro- to Miami. than $16,000, half of which is gram of advance. The objective for the operation of a hall for is to make use of their resurvey Two Denominations to Unite children of mixed American- Filipino parentage. of the American home mission The organic union of two fields, to readj ust their lines of -Christian Century. work, to effect closer coopera- large denominations, the Re- formed Church in the United Putting Faith to Work tion between the denominations S tat e s and the Evangelical and to acquaint the churches A boy who had been trained in with the present needs and op- Synod of North America, will be an English mission in Borneo portunities so as to enlist their effected next June. Both these and had returned to his distant fuller cooperation. denominations are outgrowths country home, later reappeared of the Protestant Reformation at the mission with five friends A Joint Committee on Planwhom he had prepared for bap- ning and Strategy has been con- of the sixteenth century in tism and who had come with stituted, made up of representa- Europe. The Reformed Church him the three-days' walk to the tives of the Home Missions mission. The boy said simply, in the United States has 350,- "I am trying to do something for Council, the Council of Women 000 members in more than 1,700 God who has done so much for for Home Missions, the Federal churches, largely in Pennsylme." Council of Churches, the Inter- vania and Ohio, but it has con- national Council of Religious gregations throughout the West NORTH AMERICA Education, the Com m u nit y as far as the Pacific Coast. The The Home Mission Task Church Workers and the Mis- Evangelical Synod of North sionary Education Movement. America, with 325,000 members The average annual expendi- This Joint Committee is to meet in nearly 1,300 congregations, ture for Home Missions the past June 4 to 10 for a week's study five years was $24,893,888 by 22 and planning. It is proposed to has its largest membership in Protestant denominations, as re- Illinois and Indiana and in the vealed by a survey completed by hold a series of regional threethe Home Missions Council. day conferences in various parts Southwest. The new denomina- The total number of enterprises tion, to be known as The Evanrecorded is 29,653, including of the country, followed by three gelical and Reformed Church, one-day conferences at strategic will be represented in almost points. These local conferences will be provided for by local or- every state. -Christian Intelligencer.

missions, Sunday s c h 0 0 I H, ganizations but teams of effec- Ten Years' Advance churches, schools, community tive speakers will tour the centers and hospitals. The country. The Missionary Education Delargest denominational annual There is need for a careful re- partment of the Presbyterian expenditure, $5,078,669, is that alignment of the whole home Board of Christian Education reof the Presbyterian Church in mission program so that the un- ports a steady increase in the the U. S. A., which conducts finished task may be completed, number of classes held and the 6,847 enterprises. The Meth- the Church may be awakened to number of persons enrolled durodist Episcopal Church has 4,428 a keener sense of responsibility ing the past ten years. The reworkers-the largest number of and that Christians may coop-. port for 1932-33, while incomany denomination. The five- erate more effectively under the plete, shows a slight decrease in year survey reports that the guidance and power of the Holy classes and attendance over the "Protestant Church needs a new Spirit. previous year in all but one invision of its entire national task as affected by the changes of re- To Stimulate Evangelism stance; Schools of Missions were more numerous than in the year cent years." It needs "to break Seven interdenominational con- before. The total number of through the shell of parochialism ferences for spiritual advance classes in Missionary Education

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

reported for all age groups are: Episcopalian, Baptist, Presby- iah 53: 5; Daniel 9: 26; Isaiah National Missions, 5,720; For- terian and Methodist-have been 53: 8; Zachariah 12: 10; Zacheign Missions, 7,413; J 0 i n t carrying on work among the In- ariah 13: 6; (7) Urge him to Board, 2,070; total, 15,203. Five dians of the reservation. After carefully study Isaiah 53; (8) hundred and ninety Schools of years of negotiation they have Explain that the rejection of Je- Missions were held. The aver- agreed upon the parish plan, sus by the Jews does not disage attendance reported for all with the purpose that the "min- prove His Messiahship, but is classes was 316,190. istry shall include worship, so- predicted; (9) Tell the Jew he cial service and religious activ- is a sinner and needs the atone- -Presbyterian Advance. ity as primary activities." The ment for sin; (10) Answer his parish is in charge of an Indian questions about Jewish laws and Students and the Gospel pastor, the Rev. W. David Owl, ceremonies by using Jeremiah and Miss Helen Royce as direc- 31-33; (11) Ask the Jew to read Over 100,000 young students tor of religious education. the New Testament; (12) Comin America have recently signed mit the result to God. up as members of a Pocket After Many Years Testament or School Bag Gospel -The Presbyterian. League, agreeing to carry and Rev. and Mrs. J. B. Lehman read the Bible habitually. It is have recently retired from active New Church for Ute Indians a part of the movement, pro- service. Forty-two years ago moted by George T. B. Davis, to they started a small school Last November a large comlead people back to the Bible as among the Negroes at Edwards, pany of Utes and Navajos gaththe source of wisdom, strength Miss. Prejudice was very strong. ered in the assembly rooms ()f and inspiration. In this way If they went to a white church, the Towaoc Indian School for many have been led to accept no one would sit in the same pew the purpose of meeting a com- Christ as their personal Saviour, with them. If they went into mission from the Presbytery .)f more than 1,000 ministers are the store to trade, even the Ne- Pueblo in response to a petition cooperating in the distribution groes were waited on first. Their by a large number of Utes for and follow-up work. In some little school has become a large the organization of a Presbyplaces revivals have resulted, plantation, supporting a commu- terian church. After a full disand Jews, Japanese and others nity grade school, a high school, cussion of the matter on the have been led to Christ. a junior college and a training part of the Indians and the course for Negro ministers. It visitors, and after a confession For further information ad'dress The Mil- has become a center for colored of faith in Jesus Christ made by lion Testament Campaign, 1505 Race St., people. Many of its graduates those who were willing to unite Philadelphia, Pa. have become teachers and min- with the church, and the baptism isters, lawyers and doctors. A of those who had not already Washington Has Mormon I a r g e number have become been baptized, the Towaoc In- Temple farmers, mechanics and commu- dian Presbyterian Church was nity leaders in the practical arts formally organized with eighty Who would ever have expected by which their race must earn charter members. Fourteen to see a Mormon church building a living. During these 42' years, were baptized. The eighty in the nation's capital? Yet one not one of their long list of charter members do not include has been erected there on a graduates has been arrested. To- all those who would like to unite prominent corner, and was dedi·- day the whites outdo the blacks with the church. A large incated on November 5. It ap- in doing them honor. They are gathering is expected during this pears that Reed Smoot was not honored in church and commu- year. The Utes are too poor to only a United States Senator, nity enterprises. provide funds for a church but a persistent propagandist building, for which there is great for his faith. By the use of all How to Point Christ to a Jew need as a center for further efkinds of influence he secured po- fort among them. sitions of one sort or another for Miss Ruth Angel, of the New Mormons in Washington. Quiet- York City Gospel Mission to the Japanese Students' Christian ly and persistently he kept on Jews, has prepared the follow- Associa.tion until several hundred members ing outline to suggest a method of that faith came to the city, of approach to the Jews: (1) The Japanese Students' Chrismany of them in government Let the Jew know that you have tian Association of North Amerservice. He is one of the highest a genuine love for his race; (2) ica was launched at Indianapolis, Mormon officials and was pres- Tell the Jew why you love his Indiana, December 26, 1923, and ent at the dedication. race; (3) Use a direct-method has therefore completed ten witness for Christ; (4) Use the years of activity. The need for -Presbyterian Advance. Scriptures; (5) Point out very a national organization among carefully Old Testament Mes- Japanese students in America Demonstration for the Indians sianic prophecies, viz., Micah 5: was keenly felt for many years 2; Isaiah 7: 14; Psalm 2: 7 ; previous to its organization, and The Cattaraugus Reservation Psalm 2: 12; Isaiah 9: 6; Isa- one or more attempts had failed. Parish, Iroquois, Central New York, is something new under the sun. Four denominations-

The J. S. C. A. stands for char- of the one Christian in every with this, the circuit about Engacter building among Japanese thousand of population in China; land of the first regularly ap- students in America who, away of the restraint Christians have pointed mission from the Chrisfrom their homes and burdened shown during the Sino-Japanese tian churches of India.

with academic responsibilities, trouble, and of the way the Na- 3. The rounding out of a are liable to forget that char- tional Christian Councils of quarter century by the Federal acter, not wisdom, makes the Japan and China have kept in Council of Churches in America man; it has advocated the life of touch with each other; of rural "brought American Protestantservice, individually and col- reconstruction in India, with ism as a whole to a new day of lectively, nationally and interna- which the Christian Church is reckoning." tionally; it has labored to bring closely identified; of the joint "The past year," the magazine America and Japan closer to- conference of Europeans and continues, "has seen an increase gether by cultivating sympathy. colored people in South Africa; of the tendency in local com- Especially useful have been its of road building in Madagascar munities to organize their reliservices rendered in meeting and hitherto inaccessible re- gious institutions to meet their manifold personal problems of gions. Other notable advances own needs, in complete indiffer- Japanese students all over the have included the Union of the ence to the appeals for funds to country, and even in Japan. Methodist Churches in Great keep great denominational over- Britain; the publication of the head machines functioning." American Laymen's Report; the 4. The repeal of the Eight- MISCELLANEOUS visit to Great Britain of the In- eenth Amendment.

One Hundred Years' Growth dian Mission of Fellowship; the Under the caption "One Hun- Centenary of the Abolition of Cause and Cure of War dred Years Ago," the New York Slavery and the coming into Evening Post reprints in each force of the League of Nations The second largest attendance Convention for limiting the in the history of the Conference issue an item from its files of a on the Cause and Cure of War century previous. Recently the manufacture, and regulating the was recorded at its ninth assemfollowing item appeared: "In distribution of Narcotic Drugs. bling in Washington, D. C., Jan- the American Quarterly Register Baptist World Strength uary 16 to 19. The total regisfor November, 1834, we find a tration was 566, of which 558 long and elaborate summary of Baptist world strength at the w ere delegates representing foreign missionary operations close of 1933 is reported as fol- eleven interested national orall over the world. From this lows: ganizations. view we gather that the total Members Sunday Interest naturally centered in of number of missionaries is not Europe Churches School the brief informal talk which the far 'from 560. Of these con- Asia ………. Pupils President made to the delegates siderably more than half are 666,683 when they were guests at a tea supported by different English Africa …….. 397,667 626,239 in the White House Wednesday America: 94,516 179,366 societies, exclusive of about a afternoon. The President ex- 34,946 dozen supported by the Scotch." North 9,704,421 5,808,352 pressed his belief that the Con- Central and Even in the face of diminish- West Indies 69,346 54,776 .ference on the Cause and Cure ing personnel, many Boards now 49,979 40,213 of War is doing an outstanding have more than that number at South piece of education in the United work. In 1925, which was prob- Australia and 39,741 ably the peak year of giving for 52,642 States. He urged that the women New Zealand. missions, the total number of Protestant missionaries exceeded do not stop with this country 29,000. -Congregationalist. Total ….. 11,022,353 6,796,534 however, but aid similiar move- No statistics were received ments in other countries where such movements have not pro- from Russia. gressed as far as here. During the entire session the Whole World Surveyed Four Major Religious Events remarkable personality and lead- ership of Mrs. Carrie Chapman The International Review of The Christian Century lists Catt, the founder of the Confer- Missions for January presents a f 0 u r outstanding religious ence on the Cause and Cure of survey of present world condi- events of 1933, three of which War, and all through its nine tions, taking each country sep- took place in America and one years its chairman and Honorarately. Political and economic in Germany. Here is this paper's ary Chairman, were evident. conditions are used as a back- rating: ground for the work of the 1. The defeat of the Nazi at- Next year's plans call for more Church, and it is shown that tempt to reduce German Prot- round tables to set at least 10,- missionary activities are exert- estant churches to a branch of 000 more people to thinking on ing an increasing influence to- the Government. the peace aims of the Conferward betterment of world con- 2. Publication of the much de- ence; to strengthen all peace orditions. For example, the sur- bated laymen's mission report in ganizations; to keep peace (and vey tells of the growing influence the United States, and linked war) facts before the public. Our Missionary Bookshelf Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information I ~,,-===================~,~ 'Christian Mass Movements in India. are frankly faced. Probably backing of his group-which is A Study with Recommendations. the greatest objection to the usually a caste group. It is all By J. Waskom Pickett. 8 vo. 382 movement is expressed in the but impossible for the individual pages. Abingdon Press. New York. term "rice Christians." Are the to break from his group. When motives worthy? Do these peo- the group joins the church all the 1933. ple profess conversion in order old integrities and unities are to escape caste limitations, to preserved for individual sup- It is competently estimated avoid degrading work, to obtain port and he is protected against that eighty per cent of the pres- aid when oppressed, and so on? social dislocation. Thus the ent members of the Protestant The study, while recognizing the mass movement is "the most Church in India are the result of extreme difficulty of assessing natural way of approach to group decisions to embrace motives, gives little ground for Christ," and in the opinion of Christianity. It is believed that the assertion that secular mo- these students of the Christian during the ten-year period 1921- tives have been the chief reasons enterprise is the only way likely 31, an annual average of 125,- for embracing Christianity. It to succeed in most cases and 000 additions (ninety per cent of does, however, recognize such most areas. They believe too all additions) to India's Chris- dangers as neglect of personal that thus the danger of Westerntian population of all faiths, religion whenever church en- ization is reduced; greater aid came from group or "mass" trance is chiefly by groups; the given to the conversion of others movements. maintenance within the church than would be the case under of the old caste barriers, due to different methods; and even These mass movements are not the fact that each entering that the group conversion of new in India. But they have de- group is practically always from lower classes directly aids in veloped so rapidly during recent a certain caste; and a tendency work among the higher classes. years and are found so largely for the group to become satisfied among the depressed classes, or with church membership and The authors are optimistic re- "outcastes," that many people slow to respond to Christian nurhave questioned their value as a ture and the appeal for Chris- garding the strengthening of the factor in "Christianizing" India. tian service. Some five or six years ago the Indian church through· mass National Christian Council of The churches, and the mission India resolved to promote a care- forces as well, are charged with movements, but indicate clearly ful study of the mass movement, certain weaknesses on their and cogently certain requirewith a view to a clearer under- part: Underestimating their re- ments for greater achievements, standing of the requirements for sponsibilities for care and nur- such as ministering to temporal better quality of work done by ture of the converts, often pre- needs, while giving primacy to both churches and missions. The ferring to try to win new con- the spiritual aim; better leader- Institute of Social and Religious verts; too much use of Western ship; a more adequate program; Research furnished both finan- rather than indigenous methods far better supervision; a much cial aid and technical oversight. of church organization and larger measure of cooperation The director of the study, Dr. J. work; low standards of expec- among missions and churches; W. Pickett, is a seasoned mis- tation and demand for spiritual continued study of the many sionary, and was assisted sub- progress; and inefficient admin- problems that exist and that stantially by Bishop Azariah, istration. will continue to arise. There is one of the great Indian Christian abundant evidence in the book leaders, and by Dr. Warren H. But the study brings out that a policy of decided concen- Wilson, of long experience in clearly the inevitability of the tration of work is highly imporrural church studies in the mass movement if Christianity tant, although more emphasis United States. The results of is to make substantial headway might have been laid upon the this careful and objective study in India. The individual, espe- development both of local parare embodied in a book that can cially in the villages, is gov- ishes, and of Christian work be heartily commended for meth- erned, and gladly prefers to be areas or clusters of parishes, as od, style, and significance. governed, by the opinion and effective procedure for securing adequate concentration. The dangers involved in a mass movement into the church KENYON L. BUTTERFIELD.

Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

r 157] John R. Mott-World Citizen. By nized as a Christian statesman work in leading others to Christ. Basil Mathews. Illustrated. 8 vo. 469 pages. $3.00. Harper and and his influence is felt in busi- He gives his guiding principles Brothers. New York. 1934. ness, in Church and in State. He at this early age for building up Energetic and ambitious youth was offered an ambassadorship a strong spiritual life. They inof today are eager for leader- to China; he has had close ac- clude – eight hours sleep, daily ship, recognition, responsibility, quaintance with many of the exercise and bathing, orderlipower. They are impatient with rulers of Europe and the Amer- ness, vigorous university work, the "older statesmen," with their icas ; he has been called into good reading, business habits in consultation with business mag- correspondence and in keeping conservative views, and think nates and Church leaders and accounts; regular observance of that there is need for a change has headed up multitudes of the morning watch for Bible to correct the errors of the past. world-wide enterprises that have study, meditation and prayer; The record of the life and work changed the course of history. intelligent and systematic givof John R. Mott is especially val- To discover the influences that ing; soul winning. As to the uable as showing one path to molded his career, the path last experience he wrote to his which he took to leadership- mother: "The Christian work recognized leadership. It is not this alone makes a careful read- in the jail at Ithaca has brought an easy path to be taken by self- ing of his life story worth while. me nearer to God than anything confident and self-assertive else in this world. I shall always youth, who ignore the past and John Mott was born in the look back to it with feelings of think that any change will be home of a pioneer Christian joy, for it was there that I led better than the present order. farmer in Iowa, on May 25, 1865. my first soul to the Master." His mother was a woman of The Church and the State, at strong character, energy and All through this life record we least in America and England, ability, dominated by a spirit of find references to such men as have always been looking for loving service. John went away D. L. Moody from whom Mott young men who will become from home at sixteen, attending received spiritual help but quoleaders, not by virtue of their Fayette College where he came tations show clearly that his own desire for self-expression into contact with Christian strength and success were built and self-determination, but by virtue of their ability, consecra- teachers and learned to study, to on direct contacts with God by tion, vision and readiness to sac- think, and to debate. Later at the cultivation of his spiritual rifice self-interest for the sake of Cornell University, from which life, by personal work with service to others. he was graduated in 1888, he others and by a faithful use of John Mott was a young man came face to face with the prob- all his time and talents.

of only twenty-three when he lem of his life work. His board As a man John Mott has be- was called into leadership in and room cost him only $4.75 a come skilled in organization; as Christian work. Robert Speer week for he was obliged to econ- a leader of men and a master of was twenty-four when he be- omize in every way. Here he assemblies; he is a wizard in came secretary of the Presby- heard an address by the Cam- securing large gifts, not for him- terian Board of Foreign Mis- bridge cricketer, J. E. K. Studd, self but for Christian work in sions – with grey..;bearded col- of England, and this had a de- many lands. His speaking is leagues. Robert Wilder was ciding influence on his life. vigorous, intelligent and clear about the same age when he be- Three sentences from the Bible cut. Many Christians do not came one of the founders of the went straight tq the motive agree with him in some of his Student Volunteer Movement springs of his life: "Seekest thou projects and his methods, in his which has called 13,000 young great things for thyself? Seek emphases and in the wide extent people to foreign mission fields. them not. Seek first the King- of his cooperative efforts, but all The same road to influence, dom of God." Friends helped who read this biography will be power, and true leadership is Mott to surrender fully to Christ convinced of his Christian faith open to the youth of today. The as Lord – but it was not easy. and character and his devotion vision does not come through the At Cornell he learned parliamen- to the service of Christ. door of the modern drama and tary rules in the guidance of asmotion picture; the training is semblies; he gained experience Mr. Mathews has had access not found in trashy sex-novels, in organization in the Y. M. to Dr. Mott's letters and to a false philosophy and material- C. A.; he became a Student Vol- mass of notes and other files. unteer at Mount Hermon in After describing with interestism; the comrades are not those of the midnight dance and wine 1886, and raised his first large ing detail the development of the boy and young man, he pictures cup; the path is not the broad sum of money for a new Y. M. the extending horizons, his many and easy one of greed for gold C. A. building at Ithaca. world travels, his leadership of and self-indulgence. But more than all else the youth, his evangelistic work The road to constructive lead- foundations of Mott's spiritual among students, world-wide mis- ership followed by John R. Mott life were made strong and true sionary enterprises, in coopera- is open to all who will pay the through habitual daily prayer tive movements, war work, his price. He has become recog- and Bible study and by personal methods in the training of lead-

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

ers, and in the securing of large The Health and Turnovex: of Mission- ed and the unclassifiability of financial gifts. aries. By William G. Lennox. 216 pp. 75 cents. Foreign Missions Christ and Buddha is, in our Mr. Mathews has done a conscientious piece of work but Conference. New York. 1933. view, not adequately appraised. since this book was written in Dr. Motts' lifetime it w 0 u I d This unique study brings to- But the book is a fresh and inhave been much more satisfying as an autobiography. Since the gether a large body of health teresting setting forth of some author has only known the subject personally during very re- data with a view to guiding the of the great religious issues of cent years, he naturally does not try to express a judicial estimate health policies of board medical the present day contacts and, of the man's character and work; mistakes and failures are officers, examiners, administra- whether we like it or not, the innot recorded; there are some strange omissions in references tors, and medical missionaries. evitable conflict of Christianity to personal friends and helpers, to whom Mott would acknowl- The advisory committee, and the religious conception of edge his great debt. There is no mention whatever of the Inter- which initiated this study, con- Asia as it was and as it is be- Church World Movement and some of the many other enter- sisting of the medical officers of coming. R. E. S. prises in which he has had a part. There is no record here of four of the larger boards, was American S·eIf-Contained. By Samuel many interesting experiences Crowther. 340 pages. Doubleday and contacts. The lessons he fortunate in securing the serv- Doran, Garden City, New York. has learned in dealing with men 1933. and movements are not recorded, ices of Dr. Lennox, who has such and there is no summoning up Mr. Crowther's gospel is one of his convictions and his esti- unusual qualifications for this mate of what has made life most of economic, political, and social worth while. But the volume is purpose. He has had wide ex- nationalism. He is convinced a careful chronicle of rewarding that America is now able to take achievements, written by one perience with similar studies in who is deeply impressed by their care of all of her major needs number and importance and by China and Japan and is keenly and should undertake to do so. the bigness of the man. International trade, in the old interested in the problem. His The biography rewards a care- sense, he says, is gone -forever. ful study, particularly for the in- former and smaller publications He does not consider it even desight it gives into the foundations on which Mott built, the in this general field are also sirable, unless there be some virideals he kept before him and tue in giving manufactured the principles and methods that classics. guided him. We see that every- The objective in mind has goods a trip at sea. Autos can thing is planned to the minutest detail; nothing is left to chance; been successfully carried out and be made in China or Africa as for John Mott is notably a man well as in the United States. of large ideas and high ideals of a mass of useful information, exservice, a master of organiza- Before the World War, Amertion, a courageous but diplo- tending far back into the previ- ica was not in this supposedly matic leader and one whose purpose has consistently been to ous century, and from numerous enviable position. She still seek first the Kingdom of God. lacked the foundation for certain As the author says: agencies, and practically all mis- basically important industrial This book is not primarily an at- sion fields, has been assembled processes, but now all that is tempt to tell the life story or to paint changed. America can raise or the portrait of a man; but rather to and interpreted. The result is 11. look at the greatest and most splendid manufacture what she needs, of all world tasks through his eyes. book of great interest that will and she must be the chief con- In the perspective of his life devotion to that work, we ask whether earth serve as authoritative reference sumer of her own products. Mr. provides a nobler ambition for youth Crowther would, however, carry today than that of carrying a stage and valuable source material for his theory still further and defurther the campaigns of this spiritual world war, on whose issues all years to come. It should be in velop a political and social na- tionalism. He sees,· as the total our destinies depend. the possession of every mission result of nearly two decades of board in North America, and insistent meddling in the affairs of other nations, a United States should have as wide distribution with no friends among the na- as possible among all those who tions and some very bitter ene- mies. "Weare back from the have special responsibility for crusades," he says, "richer, per- the health program of mission- haps, in the experience, poorer certainly by upward of 20 bil- aries. E. M. DODD. lions." "Fortunately, we need no The Buddha and the Christ. Burnett friends; fortunately, we need Hillman Streeter. Pp. 336. $2.00. Macmillan, New York. fear no enemies." The book falls partly into the realm of inter- The background of immediate pretation and partly into that of contact in these lectures was a prophecy, but always the author stay of five months in India and Ceylon in 1913, a brief visit to is an advocate of a cause. He Japan and China in 1929 and the believes that our "salvation" lies autumn of 1931 in Japan, when along the path of nationalism, Canon Streeter was lecturing in and he is very eager to have us various Japanese universities. There is very little reference to walk in that path. the vast literature on Buddhism, save for a short bibliography at the end of the chapter on Evolv- ing Buddhism which makes no mention of Lloyd, Reischauer, Richard, Eitel or Monier Wil- liams. The issue between south- ern and northern Buddhism is perhaps not adequately estimat-

We cannot look with enthusi- Victorious Lives of Early Christians immortality, not so much in what man is or desires, not in asm upon this advocacy of a phi- lin Korea. By M. W. Noble. Illus. scientific or philosophical argu- 12 mo. 174 pp. Yen 2. Christian ments, but in God – His charlosophy which, only a few years Literature Society of Korea. Seoul. acter, sovereignty, and loving- 1933. purpose. He says: "Eternity ago, we thought we were out- ultimately resides in God alone, and accordingly it is much more growing. We have heard much This collection of autobiog- by thinking of God than by thinking of ourselves that the about the world becoming a raphies of some of the early assurance of our immortality is, likely to be born within us." neighborhood, and about the in- Protestant Christians of Korea The book covers a wide range, terlocking of national interests. was originally published in the including the various concep- tions of the future life that have Mr. Crowther's book, to some Korean language. Mrs. Noble, been held from the earliest times, in different lands and extent, represents the right- the compiler and translator, has among all classes of people from primitive to intellectual types. about-face, in public thinking, worked for more than forty Dr. Baillie holds that the Chris- tian belief in eternal life, which which has taken place, quite sud- years in Korea, and the early is described at length, is not a development from the animistic denly and very recently. It is Christians, whose life stories are belief in the continued existence of one's ghost after death, but is difficult to imagine the nations told here, were personally known "a clean break," a new begin- ning, although not without more of the world moving back into to her and became well known or less faint preparations and adumbrations. their separate compartments, leaders in the Methodist Episco- In so wide a field and in a subsufficient unto themselves. It pal Church. Being autobiogra- j ect regarding which there are many differences of opinion, will be even more difficult to de- phies they give most interesting- readers will challenge an occa- sional statement or position; but velop and· maintain a religious ly the Korean point of view and no one can question the ability and scholarship of the volume, and missionary international- background and are valuable tes- the clarity of the argument, the literary charm of the style, and ism, if the nationalistic philos- timonies to the saving and trans- the loyalty to evangelical truth that is everywhere evident. ophy dominates in other spheres forming power of the Gospel. ARTHUR J. BROWN. of life. JAY S. STOWELL. Bishop Welch in his introduction The Inadequacy of Evolution as a Robert E. Lee, the Christian. By says, "These vivid life sketches World View. By Chester K. Leh- William J. Johnstone. 8 vo. 301 pp. man. 8 vo. 255 pp. $1.25. Men- $2. Abingdon. New YQrk. 1933. should touch the heart and stir nonite Publishing House, Scotts- dale, Pa. 1933. Every available source of in- the zeal of Christians every- Professor Lehman is declared formatioh regarding Lee, includ- where." Dr. Ryang, Superin- by Dr. Leander S. Keyser to be a scholar whose standing is "in ing sixty books, magazines and tendent of the Korean Methodist the front rank." After studying evolution by the laboratory papers, have been drawn upon to Church adds, in view of present method he is convinced that the known facts are against the set forth the Christian faith and day criticism of Gospel preach- popular theory of evolution and character of one of the noblest in favor of the Bible record. His, men ever produced either by his ing by missionaries, "The ap- work is careful and scholarly, own State of Virginia or by the not hortatory or vituperative. It American nation. There is no pearance of this little book may is worthy of serious attention attempt at a biography or at a for it recognizes the value of study of Lee's life or character. be a timely production to illus- scientific research and at the There is simply the trustworthy same time acknowledges the autestimony of those who knew Lee trate what the Gospel of Jesus thority and truth of the Word in the different stages of his ca- of God. reer as to his Christian convic- Christ means to the people of the tion and his noble and beautiful manner of life as a true, humble, East." WALTER C. ERDMAN. loyal and faithful follower of His Master. "Who is that white And the Life Everlasting. By John haired gentleman who is going Baillie. 350 pp. $2.50 Scribners. about so constantly and per- New York. 1933. suasively inviting people to the service this morning?" asked a It is an interesting fact that, guest at the White Sulphur in this alleged materialistic age, Springs Hotel in Virginia one men are not only writing books summer Sunday morning when on immortality but publishers Dr. Broadus was to preach. are finding a public demand for "Oh," was the reply, "that is them. The present volume, by General Lee." "Won't you come the professor of theology in into the service," he would say, Union Theological Seminary, "Dr. Broadus is going to speak New York, contains the lectures to us." Few could resist the in- on the Ayer Foundation given in vitation from such gentle and be- the Colgate-Rochester Divinity loved lips. And this was what School. He expresses "the conhe was doing all his life-com- viction that a large part of the mending Christ to men. current discussion of the prob- lem of eternal life proceeds on ROBERT E. SPEER. entirely iwrong lines," and he has "tried to be of service in the none too easy task of cutting through the tangle of conflicting opinions, ancient and modern, with which every phase of the subject is surrounded." He has succeeded in doing this, and finds the real ground of faith in

If you use Facts and Mysteries of the Christian game rooms, bank, tailor shop

Faith. Albertus Pieters. 213 pp. office and meeting hall. There are PRINTING $1.25. Eerdmans. Grand Rapids. similar institutes in other seaports but the New York Institute has made Y OU will profit from an ac- God at Work. Wm. Adams Brown. its influence felt around the world. quaintanceship with us. We $2.50. 300 pp. Scribners. New do the job complete in our own York. *** plant, whether it be large or small. God and the World. J. T. Mawson. Rev. William Shedd Nelson, D.D., 18. Pickering & Inglis. London. for forty-five years a missionary of While our specialty is Books, the Presbyterian Church in Syria, Maga.tines and Pamphlets, yet The Hand on the Bridle. K. M. Mac- died on January 24, and was buried we have a variety of modem Leod. 256 pp. 28. Pickering & at Tripoli. Dr. Nelson was born in equipment to meet all the re- Inglis. London. St. Louis, Missouri, January 25, 1860. quirements of your particular His father, the Reverend Henry A. job. You will find our service The Home of the Aylmers. Marjorie Nelson, was for many years editor of prompt, careful and courteous. Douglas. 320 pp. 28. 6d. Picker- the Church magazine, The Church at ing & Inglis. London. Home and Abroad. William Nelson Will you allow us to estimate was graduated from Amherst College on your next printing? We be- Japanese Women Speak. Mishi Ka- in 1881 and from Lane Theological lieve you will be delighted with wai. 200 pp. 50 cents, paper; $1., Seminary in 1888. In the same year our product, price and service. cloth. Central Committee on the he sailed under appointment as a mis- United Study of Foreign Missions. sionary to Syria. His dominant in- The EVANGELICAL PRESS Cambridge, Mass. terest was Evangelism and his in- fluence reached throughout the whole Printe… of Mixed Pasture. Evelyn Underhill. Syria field. In 1904 a Boys' Boarding The Missionary Review of the WOTId 233 pp. $2. Longman's Green. School was established in Tripoli and New York. Dr. Nelson was assigned to its man- PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE agement. In 1914, Dr. Nelson was third end Reily Slreets Harrisburg, Po. Pioneers of· the Kingdom. Part II. requested by the American Govern- Phyilis L. Garlick. 150 pp. 28. 6d. ment to take care of its consular work. New Books Highway Press. London. During the war this involved the care of a dozen other consular of- The Abyssinian at Home. C. H. The Sound of Trumpets. Arthur J. fices. In 1917, the Turks took posses- Walker. 220 pp. $3. Macmillan. Moore. 78 pp. Methodist Epis- sion of the Mission premises in Homs New York. copal Church, South. Nashville. and ultimately arrested Dr. Nelson and removed him first to Adana and Karl Barth and Christian Unity. C. T. Studd, Cricketer and Pioneer. then to Constantinople where he was Adolf Keller. 316 pp. $2.75. Mac- Norman P. Grubb. 256 pp. 38. 6d. kept as a prisoner until October 18, millan. New York. Religious Tract Society. London. 1918, when he was at last released by order of the Grand Vizier, never Crucifying Christ in Our Colleges. They Went Forth. John McNab. 210 having been brought to trial. In Jan- Dan Gilbert. 260 pp. $1.75. Alex. pp. $1., paper; $1.50, cloth. Mc- uary, 1919, Dr. Nelson resumed his Dulfer Printing Co. San Fran- Clelland & Stewart. Toronto. missionary work, taking up work also cisco. under the American Red Cross, until Women: of the Old Testament and his next furlough. In all his relation- The Christian Message for the World Women of the New Testament. ships, both in Syria and at home, Dr. Today.-A Joint Statement of the Abraham Kuyper. 2 Volumes. $1., Nelson enjoyed the implicit trust of World-Wide Mission of the Church. cloth and 60 cents paper, each. all with whom he was associated. He Various Authors. 202 pp. $1.50. Zondervan Publishing House. Grand was characterized by sound judgment, Round Table Press. New York. Rapids. deep and unswerving conviction, ac- companied by kindly Christian toler- Career and Significance of Jesus. Chinese Destinies-Sketches of Pres- ance, by indefatigable and unwearied Walter Bell Denny. 466 pp. $1.60. ent Day China. Agnes Smedley. energy of his work; by steadfastness Nelson & Sons. New York. 315 pp. $3. Vanguard Press. New and sincerity; by all the qualities of York. a rich and noble Christian character. Day's Worship. Chas. B. Foelsch. 385 pp. 75 cents. United Lutheran Christianity in a Changing India- *** Publishing House. Philadelphia. An Introduction to the Study of Missions. Clifford Manshardt. 248 The Dalai Lama of Tibet, supreme The Divine Programme in Human pp. Rs. 2 and Rs. 3. Y. M. C. A. temporal and religious ruler of the History. F. John Scroggie. 206 pp. Pub. House. Calcutta. Tibetans, died December 17, at the 28. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- age of 60. This event is of significant don. Ibn Sa'ud-The Puritan King of Ara- importance in both the political and bia. Kenneth Williams. 299 pp. religious world. Throughout Buddhist Deep Snow-An Indian Story. C. 88. 6d. Jonathan Cape. Asia, he was regarded as the reincar- Kuipers. 152 pp. $1.00, cloth; 60 nation of Buddha. cents, paper. Zandervan Publish- ·Modern Industry and the African. J. ing House. Grand Rapids. Merle Davis. Maps. 448 pp. Mac- Sunday School millan. Excavating Kiyath-Sephers' Ten Cit- Supplies ies. Melvin Grove Kyle. 203 pp. South American Memories of Thirty $2.50. Eerdmans. Grand Rapids. Years. E. F. Every. Illus. 210 pp. SounD. s/,,;ilul/l 78. 6d. S. P. C. K. London. ~iJns oI'l!Je Famous Friends of God. Mott R. IM~OO~reS~(161~1 -I/unr~olrlInknounmMiIIlll/IiHIl~s Sawyers. 190 pp. $1.50. Revell. Obituary Notes New York. Dr. Archibald R. Mansfield, for thirty-eight years superintendent of the Seaman's Church Institute for New York, died of a heart attack on February 11th at the age of sixty- four. Dr. Mansfield won world-wide renown through his work in behalf of seafaring men. The work is housed in a thirteen-story building which provided employment bureau, dormitories, restaurant, gymnasium, swimming pool, reading room, library,

Boys and

NEED Christian Leadership and Training A LARGE percentage of the varied leadership in our national life has always come from the country. The sturdy qualities of character which life in the open spaces on the farm and amid the rigorous duties of rural life seem to build in the characters of country-bred men and women, are not so frequently the product of the metropolitan atmosphere and environment. Countless leaders in the educational, business, and religious world today had their start in life in the country.

H OW important that country boys and girls have properly supervised Christian teaching and training! The future of the nation depends on the foundations of character that are today being laid in the lives of our youth. No other real foundation material for character building exists, save that which the Bible reveals. Boys and girls must know the Bible and its teachings if they are to have any true perspective of life and its responsibilities. Without Bible truth as a dominating factor in human convictions, there is nothing but chaos ahead for the world!

O UR missionaries are trained in Bible truth. They believe it is a revelation of God's plan and purpose in human life. They are convinced that every individual needs Jesus Christ as a personal Saviour. In other words, they believe in and preach His Gospel.

"IF They also live it. They are men of faith. WE had had a Sunday School here this would never have happened," was the cry that greeted one of our missionaries in Kentucky, when he visited the prisoners arrested after a mother had been slain by her son in the name of religion. Today we have a Sunday School in Tomahawk, Kentucky, where this tragedy occurred. The enrolment is over the one hundred mark and the interest is growing. Missionary work of a similar sort Ais being done in forty-four states of the union. The need is tremendous. RETIRED foreign missionary of one of the leading denominations who had served for thirty-five years in India, recently visited some of our fields in our Middle Atlantic District. During a later visit to our national office, he stated it as his opinion that no finer and more consecrated Christian work is being done in the land, than that which is being carried on under the direction of the American Sunday School Union. The opinions and criticisms of such an observer would have been highly valued, even though they had not been favorable.

We are greatly limited, not by lack of zeal or because God's power is depleted. We need financial assistance in maintaining our forces on the front lines of our work in every part of the land.

W ILL you help? With your check or money order, ask for a copy of our field maga- zine, "The Sunday School Missionary." It will be sent to you for one year following your subscription date. Your gift will be credited to the work in your state. Address- The Department of Missions THE AMERICAN SUNDAY SCHOOL UNION 1816 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

The Missionary Review of the World — November 1933

1933

A Flying Visit to China Samuel M. Zwemer The Day of Opportunity in Peru w. M. Montano Among Migrant Spanish"Americans Laura I. Makepeace The Gospel for the Poor in India Sam Higginbottom The Type of Missionaries Needed s. w. Clemes A Self"Made Madagascar Bishop Theodore C. Benze

Your Chris'mas Cards Letters

and Scripfure T exf Calendars Nettie Fowler McCormick, FREE wife of Cyrus Hall McCormick, inventor of the reaper, are desired by her children. Soon everybody will be looking for Christmas cards that convey a Scriptural For this purpose the Nettie Fowler McCor~ greeting, and Scripture Text Calendars with mick Biographical Association requests that a message for each day in the new year. Here persons having any of her writings kindly is an opportunity to secure yours free- send them to the address below. The family either for your own use, for gifts, or for re- of Nettie Fowler McCormick will be grateful sale. Your choice either of an excellent as- for co"operation and glad to make approsortment of sixteen Christmas cards in a priate payment for such papers. Address box, or two beautiful Scripture Text Calendars, for every new subscription you send us. Nettie Fowler McCormick Biographical Association, The Missionary Review They are produced by 664 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago Value, 50 cents. Christmas Card Box Dates To Remember Assortment October 3I-Fall meeting. New York Conference, Woman's Foreign Mis- This gift box contains six- sionary Society. Calvary Church, teen beautiful cards. each with New York City. a Christmas sentiment and engraved Bible text and a . November 10-II-Annual Meeting. lined envelope. Every World Alliance for International ture-text card you mail Friendship through the Churches a Christian greeting. The qual- and the International Goodwill Conity and variety of boUl message gress. Philadelphia, Pa. and design found in our cards are most attractive. one of the finest art lithograph houses in America. November 20-22-Annual meeting, Methodist Board of Home Missions The Messenger and Church Extension, Philadel- phia, Pa. Scripture Text Calendar United Missionary Meetings There's a definite need in every home for this beautiful, inspira- October 29 to November 3-Greater tional calendar with its thoughts New York. for daily meditation. Also it is an appropriate gift at Christmas time November S-IO-Chicago, Ill. –one that remains interesting and November 12-13-Milwaukee, Wis. useful for a full year. November 14-IS-Des Moines, Iowa. November 16-17-Sioux City, Iowa. Features November 19-20-0maha, Neb. November 21-22-Lincoln, Neb. This Htionally advertised calen- November 23-24-Topeka, Kan. dar has thirteen full-color copies of November 26-27-Kansas City, Mo. religious paIntIngs. of suitable size for framing. November 28-29-Wichita, Kan. It offers inspiration. instruction, and information. ,November 30 to December I-Okla- Brief stories of the pictures. Daily Scripture quotations. homa City, Okla. Schedule showing how to read the Bible through in a year. December 3-4-St. Louis, Mo. Golden Texts for International Sunday School lessons. December S-6-Springfield, Ill. Flower and Birthstone of each month. December 7-8–Indianapolis, Ind. Preceding and following month on each page. December 10-12-Washington, D. C. Phases of the moon, tides. holidays. etc. December 13-IS-Philadelphia, Pa.

Fourteen pagrs–9!4 x 15 % inches-of usefulness and beauty. Personal Items This offer must necessarily be withdrawn December 31, 1933 Dr. Yi-Fang Wu, President of Gin- ling College, is in America as one of SUBSCRIPTION DEPARTMENT the invited foreign guests of the In- ternational Congress of Women that The Missionary Review of the World met in Chicago, July 16. Dr. Wu is also Vice-President of the National Third and Reily Streets, Harrisburg, Pat Christian Council of China, and at- tended the Institute of Pacific Rela- tions held at Banff in August.

She is the first graduate daughter of GinIing and now leads her college, challenges its undergraduates, coun- sels on the affairs of Church and its progress, represents her country's womanhood at international gather- ings; above all else, Dr. Wu bears the mark of Christlikeness in her life and labors.

(Concluded on page 521.)

MISSIONARY I If the

REVIEW OF THE WORLD Our Free Catalog Saves calls you East of Suez … sail DELAVAN PIERSON, Editor Money for Foreign Missionaries VOL. LVI Nov., 1933 No. 11 FOREIGN MISSIONARIES every- where have confidence in our Mis- publication and Business Olllce sionary Bureau as the most economical Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. source for personal supplies and mis- Editorial and Executive Olllce sion equipment of high quality. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Entered as second-class matter at SECRETARIES and Purchasing Agents Post Olllce, Harrisburg, Pa., under of Foreign Missions find that our Act of March 3, 1879. free catalog and special discount list enables them to save money for their 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year stations. Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. Published monthly-All rights re- MISSION Boards can economize by served. Copyrighted 1933 by the selecting hardware, paints and other building materials from our catalog, for MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- shipment abroad. LISHING CO., INC. BOARD OF DIRECTORS If you haven't a Montgomery Ward catalog, write TODAY for a free copy. ROBERT E. SPEER, President WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President MONTGOMERY WARD & CO. WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary Export Department Chicago, U. S. A. SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD PERSONAL ITEMS WM. B. LIPPHARD ERIC M. NORTH (Concluded from second cover.) THE ROUTE PREFERRED MILTON T. STAUTFBR A. L. WARNSHUIS Leonard Fiske Wilbur, M.D., SINCE 18401 SAMUEL M. ZWEMBB nephew of Ray Lyman Wilbur, who Cross Cunard to England Editorial Chat was Herbert Hoover's Secretary of and embark at London in a great the Interior, is to become Dr. Percy ship of this Line that tradition- Do not neglect to send your sub- ally and for nearly a century has scription or renewal now for 1934. Watson's assistant in Harwood Me- carried the vanguard of the The January and February numbers morial Hospital in Fenchow, North Church eastward to all the lands for 1933 are entirely sold out and were China. beyond Suez. P & 0 Liners, of exhausted soon after they appeared. transatlantic size and comfort, The January number is to be devoted *** stand for the Progress ofthe West to the addresses given at the United in scores of tropic ports and teem- Missionary Meebings-Dr. E. Stanley Mrs. Egerton R. Young, of To- ing harbours of the Indian Ocean Jones, Dr. Herman C. E. Liu, Dr. Wu, ronto, who' passed her 90th birthday and the Pacific. Natives measure Dr. Charles R. Watson and others. time by their swift and sure last April, is the sole survivor of a arrival. Low rates and new. fast, *** luxurious ships make the voyage Methodist Mission party which set an exceptional value. We plan in an early issue of THE out for western Canada in 1868 to REVIEW for 1934 to publish a series of work with her husband among the t'tN I N:)U LAR brief articles on "Has the Church at AND ORIENTAL AND Home Grown Tired of Her Mission- Indians. ary Job?" Don't miss the answers BRITISH INDIA STEAM from leading laymen, pastors, women, *** NAVIGATION COMPANIES missionaries and secretaries. Dr. Robert A. Ashworth, formerly *** editor of The Baptist, which is now merged with The Christian Century, Our Methods Department Editor re- has been appointed education secreports that she is being kept b~sy answering inquiries on the materIal that tary of the National Conference of appears in our "Effective Ways of Jews and Christians. Working." There is a larger response this fall than ever. Is this an evi- *** dence that the Churches are taking hold once more in earnest to promote Rev. Charles W. Turner, Ph.D., has the missionary enterprise? become Assistant Secretary of the *** Brazil Agency of the American Bible If you find this magazine of interest Society, with headquarters in Brazil's and help, your friends will also be new Bible House in Rio de Janeiro. benefited. Tell them what you and other readers think of the magazine. Dr. 'rurner was born in Argentina, It supplements but does not supplant of British parentage and spent a your own church paper. Here are a few unsolicited testimonies: number of years in business in South America. "I find that I cannot do without the REVIEW. I would miss an old friend." *** Regular sailings from London, MRS. A. A. BUNCE, Brooklyn, N. Y. Gibraltar and Marseilles to India, Dr. Harold W. Dodds, newly elected Ceylon. Burma. Straits Settle- *** President of Princeton University, is ments, China. Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Egypt, Sudan, "I have just sent my check to the a brother of Rev. Joseph L. Dodds, Per8ian Gulf, East and South Subscription Department feeling that Presbyterian missionary to India Africa, etc. I shall greatly profit by following since 1917, who is now on furlough your magazine in its presentation of Complete information from the facts and news pertaining to the in America. Upon his return he will YOU1 Local Agent or missionary cause. be Secretary of the Council for North (;UNARD~LINE BISHOP BENTON T. BADLEY, Bombay, India. India. … … …

Rev. Edwin W. Smith of London, GENERAL AGENTS has been elected President of the Roy- al Anthropological Institute. The son" 25 Broadway New York of a missionary, Mr. Smith g.ave 17 years to !la-speaking peoples. His treatise on these people of Northern Rhodesia is a classic among books of anthropology.

[521 ]

Rev. Cl(w.de L. PickeWl of

EXPERIENCES WITH DR. ZWEMER IN CHINA (See page 529.) Eurasia plane. Pilot putting baggage In plane. Dr. Z.'s book sack Leaving the Chinese Inn at Nien Pal, Tsinghai, on Sunday morn- just being handed In. Big Chinese character; sign of Post Omce. ing. Mr. Harris coming down steps toward Dr. Zwemer. Sian, Shensi. Intensely interesting conversation with a Moslem Mullat. East Miss G. Sayre and Mr. Ma, a converted Moslem pastor with Dr. Suburb, Sinlng, Tslnghai. Zwemer at the entrance to chapel in Moslem quarter, Cheng- chow, Honan. Posters on wall of East Gate. From right to left: For Moslems, Tibetans and Chinese—-Sinlng, Tsinghai. Audienoo coming from the American Southern Baptist Church after first meeting with Dr. Zwemer. Chengchow, Honan. REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVI AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER ELEVEN NOVEMBER, 1933 — – – – – – – – – – – – – – – ———~ Topies of the Times LET US GIVE THANKS release from the slavery of fear and the bondage Thanksgiving Day! This year many are tempted to sin and are realizing the 'power of new life and to feel that the present-day trials and hardships liberty and service. Note the revivals reported from China and the growth of the Church in make mourning more suitable than rejoicing and Korea and Africa; the changed lives in British sackcloth more appropriate than garlands. But and American communities. this is not true of Christians. Even the children of the Old Covenant gave sacrificial thank-offer- 5. For the many thousands who are quietly but ings all through their wanderings, hardships and earnestly praying, working and giving sacrificially to win men to Christ and to establish His control privations in the wilderness. Jesus Christ gave over every part of life. Note the street evanthanks over a mere handful of loaves and fishes gelism and personal work, and the movements to which were all He had to feed a hungry multi- Christianize all international, social and domestic tude; again He gave thanks when He was about relations. to be betrayed and crucified. The Apostle Paul gave thanks when he was facing certain ship- 6. For the young people who are volunteering wreck and repeatedly when he was a prisoner in for Christ's service in spite of the fact that the chains in a Roman dungeon. funds provided are only sufficient to send a very few to the field. Today African Christians give thanks to God in the midst of dire poverty; Chinese Christians 7. For the spirit shown by Christian workers give thanks in the midst of famine, flood and war; at home and abroad in the face of greatly reduced Indian Christians give thanks when enduring os- budgets, separation from children, and other diftracism, persecution and great privations. The ficulties. This spirit is shown in their faith, good spirit of Thanksgiving is not conditioned on phys- cheer and readiness to make further personal sacical health and material prosperity. rifices in order that the work may continue.

Today in America there are a multitude of Every Christian who thinks and prays can find reasons for Thanksgiving in the midst of world- innumerable other reasons for thanksgiving at wide unrest, threats of war, economic depression, this and at all seasons.

sickness, poverty and social evils. While the A CHRISTIAN RECOVERY CODE Word of God does not direct us to give thanks for everything, Christians are enjoined to give America has many patriots working hard to thanks in every circumstance. bring about better economic and industrial condi- Consider a few of these causes for thanksgiv- tions, under the principles and codes of the Na- ing today? tional Recovery Act promoted by the United 1. For the unshaken and unchanging founda- States Government. Leaders in various industries tions for our faith in the goodness, power and and trades have endeavored to draw up rules to love of God, as revealed in Jesus Christ. govern hours of labor and wages, to increase em- 2. For the victorious life, here and hereafter, ployment and to stimulate buying. Many minds made possible to all men through Christ. are at work in an honest attempt to relieve the 3. For the Church of God-made up from all present distress and to bring about a return of nations, races, tongues and classes-which is to- public confidence and of national prosperity.

day carrying on the ministry of Christ on earth. Others are still working for what they consider 4. For the multitudes of men, women and chil- personal self-interest, regardless of codes and dren in all lands who are experiencing the joy of general human welfare.

[523 ]

All should honestly cooperate with the govern- men. Avenge not yourselves, but give place unto wrath. ment in the effort to improve conditions. At the same time we must recognize the fact that many (Romans 12: 16-19.) important factors are neglected or overlooked. Bear ye one another's burdens and so fulfill the law The N. R. A. program is an experiment; it does not include all activities-government employees, of Christ…… But let each man prove his own work, and high officials in state and business, the profes- then shall he have glorying in regard to himself alone sional classes, or most of the church and domestic and not of another. For each man shall bear his own workers. The adoption of codes cannot guarantee burden. Let us not be weary in well doing for in due the success of a business; high wages may involve season we shall reap if we faint not. (Galatians 6: 2-9.) inability to pay any wages. Labor unions are naturally taking advantage of the drawing up of Do nothing through strife or vainglory, but in lowliness codes to force from employers more acceptable of mind each counting other better than himself; not working conditions but they do not promise bet- looking each of you to his own things, but each of you ter service or fair returns to employers and in- also to the things of others. (Philippians 3: 3, 4.) vestors. The N. R. A. and the codes do not change human nature or guarantee truth, honesty and 4. If any will not work neither let hirp. eat …… We exunselfish service. The "new deal" offers no pro- hort, in the Lord Jesus Christ, that with quietness they gram for world recovery, and yet no nation to- work and eat their own bread. (2 Thessalonians 3: 10, day can effect national recovery while ignoring 12.) world-wide depression and unrest and while neglecting to make every effort to establish peace and The laborer is worthy of his hire. (Matthew 10: 10.) improve world conditions. Extort no more than that which is appointed you ….. . Extort from no man by violence, neither accuse wrong- Nineteen hundred years ago a Christian Re- fully; and be content with your wages. (Luke 3: 13, 14.) covery Act was promulgated by One greater than Work not (only) for the meat which perishes, but for any president or administrator. This code still the meat which abides unto eternal life, which the Son offers a program, not merely for personal and na- of Man shall give unto you. (John 6: 27.) tional benefit, but for world recovery, not only Putting away lying, speak ye truth each one with his for material and temporal unlift, but for spiritual neighbor; for we are members one of another. Be ye and eternal improvement. This code represents angry and sin not; let not the sun go down upon your the wisdom of the Creator and Ruler of the uni- wrath (provocation); neither give place to the devil. Let verse–and yet men ignore or neglect its provi- him that stole, steal no more but rather let him labor, sions. Would not these principles and regulations, working with his hands the thing that is good, that he if widely and honestly observed, in all lands and may have to give to him that hath need. (Ephesians 4: among all classes, bring about a national and 25, 28.) world-wide recovery that would abide? The sign Lay not up for yourselves treasures upon the earth of the Cross-a symbol of sacrifice–is a great ad- …..but lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven ….. vance over the sign of the Blue Eagle. for where your treasure is there will your heart be also. (Matthew 6: 19-21.) The following are some quotations from the Abhor that which is evil; cleave to that which is good. Bible C. R. A. that deserve attention: In love of the brethren be tenderly affectioned one to an- other; in honor preferring one another; in diligence not A Christian Social Code slothful; fervent in spirit; serving the Lord. (Romans 12: 9-11.) 1. Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, 5. Whoso shall receive one such little child in My name receiveth Me; but whoso shall cause one of these and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind, and with little ones that believe on Me to stumble, it is profitable for him that a great millstone be hanged about his neck all thy strength …… Thou shalt love thy neighbor as and he should be sunk in the depths of the sea. (Mat- thew 18: 5, 6.) thyself. (Mark 12: 30, 31.) Suffer the little children to come unto Me, forbid them not, for to such belong the kingdom of God. (Mark 10: 14.) 2. Owe no man anything, except to love one another; W.hosoever would become great among you shall be your servant and whosoever would be first among you for he that loveth another hath fulfilled the law ….. . shall be your bondservant. (Matthew 20: 26-27.) Let us not judge one another any more; but judge this Love worketh no ill to his neighbor; love, therefore, is rather; that no man put a stumblingblock in his brother's way, or an occasion for falling. (Romans 14: 13.) the fulfilment of the law. (Romans 13: 8, 10.) 6. Render therefore unto Cresar (the government) the things that are Cresar's; and to God the things that are This is My commandment: that ye love one another, God's. (Matthew 22: 21.) as I have loved you. (John 14: 12.) Take heed and keep yourselves from all covetousness; for a man's life consisteth not in the abundance of the Be ye kind to one another, tenderhearted, forgiving one things that he possesseth. (Luke 12: 15.) another; even as God for Christ's sake has forgiven you. Let everyone be in subjection to the higher powers …. Render to all their dues; tribute (taxes) to whom tribute, (Ephesians 4: 31, 32.) . custom to whom custom, fear to whom fear, honor to whom honor. (Romans 13: 1, 7.) Love your enemies, bless them that curse you, do good 7. Be not overcome of evil, but overcome evil with good. to them that despitefully use you and persecute you. (Romans 12: 21.) (Matthew 5: 44.) Seek ye first the kingdom (supreme sovereignty) of God and His righteousness. (Matthew 6: 33.) 3. Be not wise in your own conceits. Render to no man All things, whatsoever ye would that man should do evil for evil. Take thought for things honorable in the to you, do ye even so to them. (Matthew 7: 12.) sight of all men. If it be possible, as much as in you Go ye into all the world and preach the Gospel (good news) to every creature. (Mark 16: 15.) lieth (as far as you are concerned) be at peace with all

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

Such a C. R. A. code, under the Sign of the missionary endeavor. Some students of missions Cross, includes: believe that there are too many of these colleges and universities in some fields, supported by for- 1. Acknowledgment of the sovereignty of God, as He eign funds, and that many are run on too expen- sive a scale. is revealed in Jesus Christ, His Son. He has first claim When failure of home income makes it necesupon our lives, our love, our loyalty and all our posses- sary to reduce missionary budgets the question arises as to how the cut shall be distributed among sions. ' various forms of work. The expenses of institu- tional work are most difficult to reduce because of 2. The recognition of human brotherhood, the respon- the teachers employed and the general overhead costs. This is regardless of the comparative efsibility of all men, of every race, nation and class, to work; fectiveness of the work from a missionary point of view. We agree with the Bishop of Persia, Dr. and their right to the fruitIi of their honest labor, with J. H. Linton, that the chief question to be consid- ered in apportioning budgets and cuts is not which freedom from oppression, and the enjoyment of God's is the most difficult to discontinue but which is the most effective in winning men and women to good gifts. Christ and in the building up of strong Christian leaders and an effective, Christ-like, body of dis- 3. The responsibility of all men to serve their fellows ciples.

unselfishly, and to cooperate in efforts to promote peace, It is difficult to appraise the true effectiveness of any form of missionary effort. Some fruitage good government, goodwill and human welfare. is not seen for years after the seed has been planted. Other apparent fruit proves to be worth- 4. The recognition of the equal rights and privileges less. It is undoubtedly true that higher educa- tional mission work has done much to break down of both labor and capital to a just return for their invest- prejudice against Christianity and to promote in- telligence in the study of religion. At the same ment of time, talent and money, when used for the welfare time the question may fairly be asked: Are the results from a missionary standpoint what Christ of man and in harmony with the laws of God. and His followers have a right to expect? It is not possible for human agents to insure or pro- 5. A recognition of a higher life and more enduring duce such spiritual results; that is the work of the Spirit of God. But it is the work of Christian values beyond the temporal and material values, secured missionaries, teachers as well as preachers, to carefully prepare the soil, to plant good seed and only through Jesus Christ, and the life He has made pos- to care for it with the definite purpose of produc- ing a truly Christian harvest. Has any educasible by His life, death and resurrection. tional institution a right to be called a Christian missionary work that has not the definite aim, 6. Recognition of the need of all men for the best that fearlessly, lovingly and prayerfully carried out, to win men and women to an intelligent and sincere God has provided, the right of all to these gifts, and the acceptance of Jesus Christ as divine Lord and Saviour? With this aim and effort institutions obligation of those who have them to offer these privi- and workers may still be sorely disappointed in the results, but without it they cannot expect to leges to others. be effective in helping to carry out the purpose of Christ to "save the lost" or to "disciple all na- 7. The conviction that God is the One rightful and tions."

good Ruler of the universe, and that all mankind should The Aims of Mission Colleges cooperate in the establishment of His kingdom and pro- What are the acknowledged purposes of these missionary colleges and universities? The denomgram, which must and will prevail. inational insti,tutions are usually marked by the characteristics of the churches that conduct them. ARE MISSION COLLEGES EFFECTIVE? The union institutions, of which forty-three are listed in the new "Directory of Foreign Mission," There are listed in the World Missionary Atlas announce differing aims-some of which are desome one hundred and one Protestant missionary institutions of higher learning (colleges and universities) in the foreign fields. Most of these are in India (37), China (24), Japan (12), and the Near East (11). These do not include medical or Bible training schools. Among them are fortythree union or interdenominational institutions; the other fifty-eight are (or were recently) conducted by individual mission boards or independent organizations.

These institutions undoubtedly render an important service; they also represent the most expensive form of work conducted by mission agencies. The large outlay in buildings and other equipment, the maintenance of the staff employed and student support represent millions of dollars annual expenditure. They also present some of the most difficult problems in missionary work, due to the large proportion of non-Christian students, the number of non-Christian teachers, the need to maintain high technical standards, the influence of governments in dictating the policies and curricula, and the hostile attitude of parents and non-Christian leaders toward any effort to turn the students away from their traditional faiths.

Many of these institutions have been severly criticized on the one hand for failure to win the students to Christ, or on the other hand for overemphasizing the evangelistic purpose in Christian

cidedly disappointing. Four of these union col- support goes to missionary enterprises that are leges are theological seminaries, and four are true to Christ and to His Gospel as offering the wholly medical. Of the other thirty-five, eleven, only Way of Life revealed to men.

or about one-third, give no aim or purpose what- ever; twelve candidly state that their purpose and RE-THINKING HOME MISSIONS the character of their work is wholly to give a high type of secular education. Here are some of Every human enterprise needs to be critically the aims expressed: examined and revised from time to time to meet new conditions and to utilize new resources. To provide a college education of high standard for the Greatly increased power and new inventions make youth of China with a view to developing character and old machinery out of date. An ancient water- intellectual capacity.

To aid the youth of China to acquire a literary, scientific wheel would be out of place in the Muscle Shoals and professional education. To cultivate the highest type of character, to provide pro- Dam. A one-horse reaper is too antiquated to use on the great wheat fields of Manitoba. Even fessional training, to promote higher learning, and to in a divine enterprise, such as the work of the meet the needs of society in the spirit of love, sacrifice Church, the human equation calls for constant and service of its founders (China).

To carry out the educational aim of the Republic of China. improvement and better cooperation. To provide education for boys in arts, sciences and engi- The work of foreign missions has been sub- neering (Turkey). jected to many searching inquiries, and radical recommendations have been made for changes in Education of young men and women in the Near and Middle East (Syria).

Might not these colleges, so far as their aim is ideals and methods, and even for the adoption of expressed, be Confucian, Buddhist, Moslem or an entirely new aim and basis. Great progress Bolshevik? Have not many of them departed a has been made, both at home and abroad, in the long way from the purpose of their founders? If education of the Church; in the preparation of they seek support from Christians, it should be candidates; in the men and money available; in on an educational basis, rather than as Christian the development of self-supporting churches; in missionary institutions. the education of national Christian leaders in the mission fields; in the preparation and use of In contrast we note that twelve colleges and Christian literature and in international and inuniversities do not hesitate, more or less clearly, ter-church cooperation. Not all changes have been to express their definite Christian aim and pro- wise or effective-particularly those that involve gram. For example: departure from the ideals and standards of Jesus Christ as set forth in the New Testament. There Extension of the Kingdom of God in West China by means is still great room for improvement and progress of higher education under Christian auspices. in the use of our resources and in the discovery Christianization and education of young Chinese men. To provide a Christian higher education for women (India) . of more effective methods.

To provide broad foundations for the richest and fullest Has not the time come for a careful and fear- Christian living and to give (Korean women) special education in literature, music and home economics. less re-study of the whole Home Mission Field, That the institution (in Brazil) be founded on Christian program and problems? The changes in condi- principles, and that in the institution God and His tions, resources and needs are almost as great in Word for all time shall be distinctly acknowledged and America as in China or Japan.· There are no honored. longer vast unreached areas in Alaska and among To promote Christian education for the youth of Egypt the Indians, Mormons, Mexicans and pioneer set- and adjacent lands ……of the highest standards of tlers. Millions of immigrants are not now com- educational efficiency, and so as to discover to the Mos- lem world those living springs which are to be found in ing annually from Europe. There is a change in Christ….. . the problems presented by the Negroes and moun- It is true that the influence of some institutions taineers in the South. The saloon was formerly may be more Christian than their expressed aims, omnipresent and all city slums were moral and and that others may be less so, but is there any physical pest houses. In Eastern and Central good reason why Christians, who are seeking to states rural districts were either neglected or make Christ and His Way of Life known, should over-churched. Fifty years ago old fashioned fail to acknowledge this purpose? As we read of methods prevailed and there was almost no in- the early days of the Christian Church, and the terdenominational cooperation. Schools and col- history of pioneer mission work, we are thrilled leges then offered definite Christian education.

by the courage of those who were ready to live Immoral theatricals, dance halls and literature sacrificial lives, or to die the martyr's death for were under the ban of public opinion.

their faith. God honored their courage, fidelity Today great changes are noted in the occupa- and sacrifice. Loyal Christians in America and tion of all the former Home Mission territory; in England may well wish to be assured that their the restriction of immigration and in the new

Negro, rural and industrial problems. The com- sion fields and unemployed preachers can be brought to- ing of the automobile and improvement of roads, gether. has enlarged parishes; there has been a develop- 8. To study the relation of Christian principles and ment of community churches and growth of cooperation; prohibition of the traffic in strong drink ideals to such problems as war, race relations, temperance, morality, amusements and industrial and social justice, so as to include effective teaching on these subjects in has-for a time at least-altered the city slums. the regular program of the churches. 9. To suggest ways in which sacrifice and efficiency can But new, and often more difficult moral and re- be promoted in missionary administration by putting secligious problems, have arisen and call for solu- retarial, pastoral and all missionary work on the same tion. These are due to the increase of apartment high spiritual plane, independent of financial inducements. houses, the weakening of family ties, the spread 10. To study ways by which church members may be of immoral and degrading amusements and liter- more generally and effectively trained to understand and ature; the increase of materialism, rationalism sympathize with the needs and opportunities in the home and atheism in educational institutions; the de- field, so that they will give systematically, intelligently crease in church and Sunday-school attendance; and sacrificially to the work.

the growth of divorce, the spread of lawlessness, The Home Missions enterprise is complex. It and the general revolt of youth from old stand- cannot be separated from national, religious or personal problems but it has become so compliards and control.

Problems to Be Studied cated that the secondary aims and projects have often overshadowed the primary purpose. We These changes, with the increase of' national are in danger of losing sight of the central pur- wealth and the development of industry, call for pose, which is to lead the people of America to an a systematic and intelligent re-study of the whole intelligent and wholehearted devotion to Jesus Home Mission aims, needs and program. The Christ as Lord and Saviour and to enlist them in present results of Christian work in America are sacrificial service to advance His rule over all.

not building up a Christian nation. An investi- This can only be done by making Christ supreme gation should be undertaken by trained men and in all life.

women who have Christian ideals, knowledge, ex- perience and courage. Is it not time to reshape THE Y.M.CA. AND THE EASTERN CHURCH our plans, to realign our forces, to revise our methods and to reapportion our budgets, and to No interdenominational Protestant organization unite in earnest prayer in order that the Cause in the world has done a more remarkable and farof Christ in America may be advanced? The re- reaching work than the Young Men's Christian thinking of the whole home mission problem Association. The foundations were laid in a might include the following lines: prayer meeting nearly ninety years ago by George Williams, as a young business man. It grew out 1. To discover and reach the unoccupied and unevan- of a Young Men's Missionary Society and its exgelized areas – geographical, racial, social, industrial, pressed object was to "influence religious young spiritual. men to spread the Redeemer's Kingdom amongst 2. To eliminate waste of money and effort by reappor- tioning fields and types of service and by uniting kindred those by whom they were surrounded." This asorganizations, withdrawing many subsidies and closing sociation has spread over the world until there are 10,619 associations in fifty-four countries with fruitless enterprises. 1,442,315 members. Work for boys and young 3. To readjust Christian schools and colleges, closing or uniting some to form stronger institutions that will be true to evangelical standards, with good scholarship, so women has grown out of it and these organizaas to make them more effective in training Christian tions have become equally important. "Y" work leaders. has been broadened to include educational, social 4. To link wealthy city and suburban churches with and physical development as well as prayer, Bible study, and personal evangelism. Thousands of those that are struggling in needy fields in city mission districts and in rural areas, to divide incomes and ex- penses so as to curtail selfish expenditure on the one large buildings have been erected and national hand and to build up weak churches on the other. leaders have been trained in every nation. With the wide growth one difficulty has been to main- 5. To prepare better Christian literature adapted to tain its central purpose and definite evangelical present-day needs. This should include effective tracts and leaflets, children's books, more satisfactory Bible text books and project courses for church schools, upholding Christian character. New Testament teaching and preparing the coming generation for Christian life and service. One of the difficult problems faced has been the guidance of the work among people Christian in 6. To devise more adequate methods for enlisting and name but out of sympathy with Protestant evanpreparing trained teachers for church schools, as well as students for the Christian ministry and other Christian gelism. Roman Catholics have repudiated the work. Much of the present-day preaching and Sundayschool teaching is entirely inadequate. Y. M. C. A. but Greek Orthodox, Syrian, Arme- nian, Coptic and similar churches have generally 7. To study the supply and demand in the ministry and adopt some plan whereby unoccupied churches and mis- ,held aloof. Should the Y. M. C. A. seek to con-

vert, to placate or to bring new spiritual life to and principles for which it was founded-Bible these groups? study, prayer, evangelism, spiritual fellowship and Christian service. The great problem every- Recently (May 19-21) a conference was held in where is always to interpret and apply these Bucharest, Roumania, to consider the "objectives, ideals in a Christ-like spirit, according to New principles and program of the Y. M. C. A.'s in Testament standards, and in the face of prevail- 'Orthodox countries.''' This third "consultation" ing formalism and materialism. With an Associaof leaders from Eastern churches was held with tion, as with a church or a mission, its character leaders of the World's Alliance of Y. M. C. A.'s is determined, not by a set of principles adopted, and was presided over by Dr. John R. Mott. They but by the character of the personnel. Given a considered the great needs, perils and problems George Williams or a D. L. Moody, an effective of modern youth in these countries of Eastern leader in vital fellowship with God, and the suc- Europe, Western Asia and Egypt. These perils cess of the work is assured. The Associations and problems are due to unemployment, poverty, can have no higher ideal than loyalty to Christ as ignorance, materialism, moral laxity and atheistic expressed in the purpose and spirit of the founder, propaganda. It is not surprising that large num- but great care is required in the selection of secbers of the youth have become a prey to habits retaries, boards of control and other leaders. of immorality and dissipation. BIRTH OF A NEW RELIGION As a result of this and previous "consultations" a list of objectives, governing principles and a Moscow, Idaho, is known as the home of Psyprogram were adopted for use in the Y. M. C. A.'s chiana-the new psychological religion-founded in all these countries. The objectives include co- in 1930 by Dr. F. B. Robinson. This former Bapoperation with the existing churches "to afford all tist preacher and licensed pharmacist is the chief young men and boys adequate opportunities to promoter. have a personal experience of Christ and to communicate His Spirit in their daily relationships." He has succeeded in selling his courses, books They shall also seek to promote personal Chris- or magazine to over 100,000 inquirers in sixtytian character and faith, meet individual prob- seven different countries. The Rev. Clifford M. lems, give spiritual guidance, encourage devo- Drury reports, in the Presbyterian Banner, that tion to Christ, and develop leadership, unity and Dr. Robinson's bill for advertising Psychiana was service. $10,000 in thirty days. These advertisements are said to reach thirteen million readers. Dr. Rob- The Governing Principles state that the Y. M. inson is forty-eight years of age, the son of a Bap- C. A. is "distinctly Christian …… and seeks to tist minister in England, and for a time studied unite those young men who, regarding Jesus in McMaster University and the Bible Training Christ as their God and Saviour, according to the School of Toronto. After a short experience as a Holy Scriptures, desire to be His disciples in their Baptist minister he took up the study of psydoctrine and life, and to associate their efforts for chology and metaphysics. the extension of His Kingdom amongst young men." The Y. M. C. A. declares its "unswerving Dr. Robinson is of a religious nature and, while loyalty and faithfulness to the Church." All na- not now a Christian in the New Testament sense, tional associations are autonomous, any church claims to be a believer in God as a divine spiritual member may participate freely, and the field of law – the all-powerful, ever living source of service comprises all men and boys of the nation energy. He is an individualist and not interested in which it works. in the social application of what he teaches. He does not accept the deity of Christ or beliefs in The Association program "develops those atti- the virgin birth, the resurrection, the atonement tudes and practices in both the individuals and or inspiration of the Bible. He attacks many society which will increasingly reveal the whole church beliefs and practices-especially of the Roof the Christian Gospel." This constructive pro- man Catholic Church. A corporation he has gram includes educational work, mental, physical, formed in Idaho pays him $500 a month and large social and religious. The last· involves the inner returns have come in from advertising his courses. spiritual life and development into "the measure Sales for his books, courses and magazine subof the stature of the fulness of Christ." The pro- scriptions number 146,329. He has also entered duction of literature, community and world serv- into the practice of faith or psychological healing ice, stewardship, missionary responsibility and and a clinic has been established in Moscow. His leadership training are all excellent far-reaching religion seems to be a psychological experience objectives. promoted by clever advertising and a human de- sire for something new. This outline for the Y. M. C.A. work in Eastern "Orthodox" countries seems to indicate that the Association there is reemphasizing the purposes

A Flying Visit to Northwest

By the REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., Princeton, N. J.

Editor of "The Moslem World"

N o JOURNEY by magic-carpet in "The Ara- Methodist Mission, and seven Chinese delegates bian Nights" could be more strangely fas- traveled with us for a similar conference at cinating than to travel by aeroplane from Chengchow. Here a meeting had also been ar- Sian, the old capital of China, to Lanchow in ranged for Chinese Christians to the number of Kansu, a distance of over four hundred miles in three to four hundred. The same evening an outthree and a half hours. Formerly this journey door meeting was held for Moslems where over took several weeks. Traveling afterwards by eight hundred were present. The message given mule-litter eight hours a day was on the Five Pillars of toward the borders of Tibet the Christian Religion. Here, and back across the great as elsewhere, we visited sparsely occupied areas of Northwestern China, where )! mosques and met inquirers. brave men and heroic women are facing loneliness and From Chengchow we travhardship with first century joy, gave one the opportu- eled to the end of the rail- road at Tungkwan, s eve n hundred and fifty miles from Shanghai. This railway will nity of re-thinking missions soon be extended to Sian, the in a way of which the Ap- old capital of China, but at praisal Committee n eve r present all passengers and dreamed. Such was our ex- freight must travel the long perience this summer. Days trail of ninety miles by of rare privilege, of an- motor car along roads that swered prayer, and of spir- are a I m 0 s t impossible beitual fellowship with the cause of blinding dust or saints on the frontiers of the deep mud and floods. Kingdom. We left Tungkwan at 10 The object of my visit, as a. m., June 25, expecting to in 1917, was to study Islam A CHINESE MOSQUE TOWER IN SIAN, SHANSI be in Sian at 3 p. m. But in China and to give a series we stayed that night in a of addresses at the summer small village off the main conferences. It proved im- road, east of Lin Tsz, which possible to hold the usual is less than one-third of the conference at Peitaho, be- way to Sian. All went well cause of disturbed conditions, but at Kuling and for the first twenty miles until a heavy wind and Mokanshan there was a very large attendance. To driving rain from the West caught us. Our back fill the time preceding these two conferences an left tire went flat; we put on a spare and drove a itinerary was arranged through the Society of mile or so and that tire also went flat; then we Friends for Moslems, of which my son-in-law, the had to mend one in the rain. The tire lasted a. Reverend C. L. Pickens, is the secretary. He ac- mile, until we came to a small wayside Taoist companied me, kept a diary of our experiences, Shrine where we had an old-fashioned blowout. and also took the photographs that accompany Off again at 6: 20 the next morning, we did not this article. arrive at Sian until the following afternoon. At The day after my arrival in Shanghai, June 20, Sian we were entertained at the home of the Rev- erend W. Englund of the Scandinavian Alliance we took the train for Kaifeng, central China. Mission.. The English Baptists and the Seventh- Two meetings were held here for missionaries and Day Adventists also have work here. There were Chinese Christians, and when we left the follow- conferences with the missionaries and large pubing day, Miss Murray, of the American Free [ 529]

lic meetings for Chinese Christians. We visited river current. Buckets on the rim of the wheel the site of the old Nestorian church in the West carried the water to a trough at the top. Our suburbs. The foundations of the church are in- party consisted of two muleteers, a Chinese cook side a large compound. Outside the main gate, at and ourselves, but at the various stages of the way the south, are a number of mounds said to be we were accompanied or met by missionaries who tombs of famous Nestorians. The gates are also rode out long distances to show their hospitable friendship. OUR PARTY CROSSING THE YELLOW RIVER On June 29 we crossed the Yellow River on a believed to be the original. The actual church small ferry boat. Everywhere the streams were foundation is about in the center of the compound. in full flood and our little boat carried some twenty Nothing is left now but the foundation of the pil- horses and mules of other travelers, a larger numlars and apse. The columns were about ten feet ber of men and all their baggage. When we were apart, with a large flat stone at one end, possibly in the middle of the stream, one of the horses tried where the baptismal font was placed. The Nes- to jump overboard. Soon after this Mr. Harris, torian tablet is no longer here, but is kept in the of the C. 1. M., met us coming from Sining. Just "Forest of Tablets," the Chinese archreological before crossing the Sining River we passed fl museum at Sian. very old, important Moslem center with ancient mosques. Everywhere there was evidence that we It was thrilling to remember the work of these were among the followers of the Arabian Prophet. earliest missionaries to China and the indelible The new Mohammedan Governor of this part of record of their faithfulness inscribed on the Nes- China is building roads and widening the mule torian tablet. We visited the Imperial Mosque at tracks to make them fit for motors, but the result Sian, one of the largest in China. is not always satisfactory. This plateau is some five thousand feet above sea level, and the moun- On June 28 we arose early for our journey to tains rise two or three thousand feet more on Lanchow by air. The Eurasia Airdrome is just either side of the gorges. Everywhere there were outside the city and our German pilot did every- fields green with grain and trees in full foliage. thing for our comfort. The air journey was with- Wheat, barley, mustard, peas, and clover seemed out incident, but we learned on arrival at Lanchow that the packing cases which formed our seat were :;~'- – ••••.~.w • all filled with munitions and dynamite for the .::-0 __ _ Chinese army. From Lanchow to Sining our way ::::. =~_-. :: .. was along the Yellow River valley and one of its I branches, the Sining. On the old maps this part of China is called Kokonor. At present it forms I the new Province of Tsinghai. to be cultivated here in profusion. We spent from We passed opium fields with poppies in full eight to ten hours a day traveling, but our mules bloom and learned that they yield twelve times and horses did not do much more than four miles the revenue of any other crop. As soon as we an hour. At night we stayed in Chinese inns. crossed over into Moslem areas, however, opium was no longer cultivated. The hills around us On July 3 we arrived at Sining, welcomed by a were of loes formation with deep canyons as pic- large company of missionaries. We had come in turesque as one could desire. The irrigation sys- six days a journey that took one of their missiontem used is that of large water wheels, forty to sixty feet in diameter with paddles turned by the

1933J A FLYING VISIT TO NORTHWEST CHINA

aries twenty-eight days, two years ago. In the on July 17 and after the conference and a delighthome of Mr. and Mrs. George Harris we not only ful visit at the Borden Memorial Hospital, went had lavish hospitality but our first bath for a by air to Sian and by motor to the railhead. On week, for Chinese inns do not resemble American the 23d we were at Hankow, and from there to hotels. Kuling and Mokanshan for the summer confer- Sining has a population of 100,000 and the ences. whole east suburb is Moslem. We visited the Some Indelible Impressions 1. The call of the unoccupied areas and the sta- tions so sadly undermanned. The Borden Me- morial Hospital, a fine institution, is the only hos- pital in Kansu for five million people. The three provinces of Kansu, Chinghai, Ningsia, and be- yond them Sinkiang, are all desperately in need of foreign and Chinese evangelists. The recent visits of Dr. and Mrs. Rhees and the Rev. F. D. Learner to the borders of Tibet bear out Miss French's statement that "To call Tibet a closed land is merely a piece of Satanic bluff!" Of the Moslem population the Reverend G. K. Harris says: "When one considers the peculiar stubbornness of the Moslem mind and the slowness with which the Christian message is admitted, and the small pro- A CHINESE MOSLEM GIRL mosques and had interesting conversations with A TYPICAL TUNG HSIANG MOSLEM Ahungs and their pupils. Last year some seventy Moslems from this province went to Mecca on pil- portion of the population touched in each village, grimage. Two days across the mountains brought it may be said that just a few dents have been us to Payangjung, another C. 1. M. station; and made ,in the outer edges." one day further on to Tsunhwa where we met the Holtons of the Christian and Missionary Alliance. 2. The ability and heroism of the rank and file Our highest point, 11,250 feet, was reached on of the mission workers. Again and again, while this part of the journey. On the next stage we re-thinking missions in the mule-litter (where came near to serious accident, when the newly made roadbed gave way because of rain storms and our mule-litter went over the side. We were at Hochow in Kansu by July 12. This is the great Moslem center which, with its villages, has a population of 400,000, and is a station of the C. and M. A. Here was the scene of the terrible massacres of the rebellion in 1928. We saw evidences of villages destroyed. The Moslems are now dominant. In the Pa Fang quarter they have a new mosque w.here 3,000 faithful worship on Friday and have a school of 400 pupils who study Chinese, Arabic, and English! We reached Lanchow again

one could neither sleep nor read), the moral beauty vide his own food. New bridges, new schooland glory of the enterprise carried forward by houses, new mosques were often in evidence. We such devoted pioneers dawned on us. The Lay- met no bandits and found the people, including men's Appraisal Committee should have met some the soldiers, everywhere friendly and the innof them. It would have modified their verdict. keepers hospitable. One of the China Inland missionaries, for example, is an Arabic as well as a Chinese scholar, and can 4. Islam in China is not moribund but chal- lenges attention through its program of education THE BORDEN MEMORIAL HOSPITAL and publication. Arabic books are printed at Sin- ing and the ahungs order scores of Arabic dicvie with Persian calligraphists in writing orna- tionaries from Beirut. The Nile Mission Press mental script. Missionaries who can collect bo- publications were eagerly accepted. No less than tanical specimens, study the geology, or correct twenty-two Chinese-Arabic periodicals are pubthe aneroid readings, the spelling of names, and lished in China and recent attacks on the Christhe course of rivers on the French and British sur- tian faith have appeared from the Peiping press. vey maps of China, are not "of limited outlook At Sining we found "Moslem Forward Moveand capacity." Of all the missionaries we met in ment" literature. General Ma has established Honan, Shansi, and Kansu, the last thing one schools in all the Moslem villages of the Province. would say is that "their vision of the inner mean- Chinese is taught in the morning and Arabic in ing of the mission has become obscured by the the afternoon. The Sufi Orders are in evidence intricacies, divisions, frictions, and details of a and we were surprised to find fairly large collectask too great for their powers and their hearts." tions of Arabic and Persian works in every Rather are they one and all doing a work whose mosque library. Many Tibetans have embraced inmost conditions even now are full of moral glory Islam. The Conference resolutions call for speand whose eternal issues (where they think there cially qualified workers and new literature to meet has been most failure) will redound to God's glory. this situation. "How fair the feet of the gospellers of peace of the gospellers of good !" The following Resolutions were passed at the Lanchow Conference confirming similar action at 3. There is a new China in the making. We Sining and Hochow. These resolutions were also saw signs of road building, reforestation, rail- endorsed by the larger conference held at Kuling. way extension, and plans for bus lines and ::erodromes. The new railway ferry between Nanking That there should be a sufficient proportion of qualified and Pukow is soon to give through service from full-time Moslem workers in Kansu. Ningsia and Tsin- Shanghai to Peiping. The use of motor cars is ghai Provinces to present the Gospel adequately to all extending to the frontiers of Tibet. Passengers classes of the Moslems, not forgetting the women and can be booked by the Eurasia Aviation Corpora- girls in scattered villages. tion from Shanghai to Urumtchi, 3,525 kilometers (2,188 miles) west from the coast, The great That these full-time work~rs should give special atten- "silk road" used by caravans and carts for cen- tion to the preparation of literature in Arabic and Chinese turies is being transformed. At Lao Hwa Cheng to meet all classes of the people. we passed many men going east to work on the road in the pass. Each family must furnish one That in districts where there are Moslems residing, all man with shovel or pick to work ten days and pro- missionaries should have some general knowledge of how to meet this special people, and that concise helps should be provided for giving such workers the necessary infor- mation.

That mission councils in designating workers to areas where Moslems reside, should take into consideration the appointment of those who, interested in the Moslems, are prepared to devote at least a proportion of their time to the work.

That a manual for workers among Moslems should be compiled, giving concisely all elementary information nec- essary and advisable for new workers to have, including sources of further information.

That in all tracts for Moslems in Chinese, the basic truths of our Christian faith, such as-the inspiration of the Bible, the Deity of Christ, the Virgin Birth, Cruci- fixion, Death, and Resurrection of our Lord, while pre- sented to the Moslems in a spirit of love, should never be toned down to avoid giving offense to them.

5. The Chinese Christians we met were spir- itually minded and increasingly conscious of their responsibility. They need our prayers and we need theirs. I shall never forget the outburst of revival prayer at Kaifeng and Chengchow, when the Chinese pastor who was my interpreter re-

AN ADVENTURE IN ETHIOPIAN EXECUTIONS

quested intercession. Also at the Conference for plans for evangelism, for better literature, and Chinese Christians at Kuling there were leaders, for closer cooperation. Best of all there is a felt men and women, who had the real missionary pas- need of God. In the words of the C. I. M. annual sion, for which there is no substitute. A number report: "IT IS WHAT He DOES THAT COUNTS. If volunteered to devote themselves to special service through the efforts of some 1300 (C. I. M.) misamong Moslems; one, a layman, expects to study sionaries and some thousands of Chinese workers Arabic. At Kuling, through the kindness of anything effective has been accomplished, God has Bishop Lorin H. Roots, of the Protestant Epis- been the doer of it. No one who has seen Him at copal Church, I met General Chiang Kai-Shek, work will ever be satisfied with anything less than head of the present government, who became a a manifestation of His power. The Gospel may Christian about three years ago. He is rightly be preached, meetings may be held, and statistics described as "taciturn, imperturbable, far-sighted, tabulated; there may be evidences of conscienautocratic, and one of the ablest Chinese in office." tious self-denying activity, but all will be utterly He and his charming wife, a graduate of Welles- fruitless unless His Hand is stretched out to ley, welcomed us into their Christian home and bless." And it is. asked for the prayers of the missionaries in the present crisis and need of China. At Shanghai we Our safety on the journey was an answer to met a distinguished group of Chinese Christians prayer and it is with thanksgiving to God that at a Chinese dinner, all of them members of the we record the memory of His great goodness and Church of Christ in China. They are laying large express our firm faith in the sure coming of His Kingdom in spite of sword and flood and famine.

An Adventure in Ethiopian Executions* By DR. J. ALVIN ORR, Jr., Addis Ababa, Ethiopia George Memorial Hospital, United Presbyterian Mission N OT long ago there was brought to this hos- lowed to go free and may not be punished again. pital a man who had stared death in the Only rarely does a man so doomed to death es- face and escaped it. He had been, by Ethiopian law, adjudged a murderer and been cape his fate. But if his bonds are loose, or the condemned to death because of his crime. In this rifle not accurately pointed, he occasionally does part of Ethiopia, legal executions are performed cheat death. by shooting-provided the incensed relations of the deceased refuse blood money or the criminal Such a patient came to us with two bullet is unable to pay it. wounds. One of the missiles had torn away a piece of his neck, but had damaged no vital struc- The condemned man or woman is strapped into ture. A second had traversed his chest, entering a chair and the bonds are made tight. The rifle just above the heart and emerging below the is in an adjoining room and is mounted on a tri- shoulder blade. The third bullet had missed him pod fixed in stone. Between these two rooms there entirely. Truly, this man had escaped death "as are two doors, closely resembling each other, but by fire." one is a door of wood and the other is of pasteboard. It is through this latter door that the We treated him and he recovered. Meanwhile, bullets come. our evangelistic teachings had not fallen on un- willing ears. When this patient left the hospital, The relatives of the murdered man or woman well and strong again, he requested the gift of a have the right to fire the gun-done by simply Bible (for he had no money) that he might go pressing the trigger, for there can be no aiming and tell to others the Glad Tidings he had re- -if they so desire. If not, it is discharged by a ceived. soldier. Only three bullets may be shot. If, by any combination of circumstances, the condemned Here was a man who had been a murderer; is not killed by the volley, he may be taken to a had been condemned to death and had almost hospital for the treatment of what wounds he has miraculously escaped. He had been healed of his received. If he survives these wounds, he is al- wounds, and had heard the Word of God. He had desired to tell others of Christ and what He had * From The United Presbyterian. meant to him. Surely this was part of God's di- vine plan.

Day of Opportunity in

By DR. W. M. MONTANO, Lima, Peru Evangelical Union of South America, Lima, Peru POR a long time we have been praying that had a Sunday school, and Easter Sunday at Sun- God would raise up at least one of our young day school the attendance had increased a great people that, without fear or shame, would go deal due to the special announcements and inter- through the streets of Lima carrying a sign board est that had been created. Sunday afternoon, as with announcements of the meetings on one side the programs had all been given, the young men and a Scripture text on the other. During Easter were sent out with their sign and the congregation week one of our young men, a member of the Gid- in the evening again proved what splendid result eon League, said that he was ready. I began to this way of advertising was giving. The church paint the sign with large letters on a piece of was again filled and for the greater part new faces cardboard. Some young men appeared "with hid- could be seen and they remained during the whole den gifts." One knew how to draw, another was service listening to the sermon, "The Risen a carpenter, another a splendid announcer. We Christ." We would like to put these souls in finished the sign and let the announcer go through your hearts so that with your prayers you may the streets. It was a true novelty for Lima. The help them.

people, accustomed to seeing announcements of One side of the sign had the following: LISTEN!

theaters carried in such a way through the streets TODAy…… (naming the day) (theme of the were greatly surprised. On Thursday of Easter conference), PUBLIC SERVICE BY. . . . .. ADDRESS, week many were coming out from the Catholic FREE ENTRANCE. On the other side, "John 3: 16"

churches. The sign board was written with great was written in clear and large letters. The young prudence. The people asked the young man and men told us that this text was read by all classes his companion to stop long enough so that they with much interest, and that many asked many might be able to read the notice on one side and questions concerning the Protestants, for the most the text on the other. Many gathered and with part the people think that we do not believe in consideration asked the announcer how to reach God, or in Christ, nor in anything that has to do the church. It was necessary to wait until the with religion and heaven; that we harm the peo- evening to see what effect the sign would have on pIe and that we are Satan's agents. It is hard to the meeting. What a marvel! The church was believe that in a city such as Lima the people will filled, and eighty per cent were new people, intelli- believe everything the priest tells them and can gent people, people of society. be so deceived. It is not so strange that the more This encouraged us to follow the same practice simple country folk that live in the mountains be- for Good Friday. The young men announcers lieve these things; and there they believe that we went toward the "Plaza de Armas" (Main have horns. That is what they said when I visited Square). The majority showed consideration and one of these places. The priest had said to his respect, but at the hour of the procession some congregation "that one has Devil's horns on his fanatical women called the young men "Judas," head, and you will notice that he wears his hat and said that no doubt they were receiving at least quite low so as to hide them." When these poor 100 8ole8 as pay for announcing the meetings. people begin to realize the folly of all of this, They spat, pushed and threw stones at them. Be- they begin to have more confidence in us and little fore these young men left to do this work prayer by little they follow the Way of the Lord. But the was offered for them and while they were out we most difficult is to get them to trust us and to do prayed for their protection. They conquered away with their prejudice and suspicions. It may through God's power and their prize was to see be due in part, the attitude of the Romanists the church filled to overflowing, and benches were against Protestants, to the fact that many of the placed in every spare place. Among so many the workers and missionaries instead of feeling the believers could hardly be distinguished; the pulse with great caution and prudence as to their greater percentage were new. God gave us the beliefs, and accommodating their messages to the victory. Sunday was the next meeting to be held. idiosyncrasy of these people, they hold arguments During these special days we announced that we and controversy against their belief, which is [ 534 ] their life. "If you tell me that Mary had more their lessons of work without any interruption.

sons, I will never become an evangelical," a Cath- God is showing us as well that another of the olic priest told me when we began some very in- secrets toward the road to success is to form in teresting talks together as he has recently become the Church, as Church, the habit of prayer. When interested in the Gospel after being a priest for the believers are ready to get up at an earlier hour 25 years. He has asked to be baptized, but I told than they are accustomed to doing and pray to him that this· act could not save him. I answered God, the same thing that happened in China and neither I nor anyone else could say that Mary had in Japan will happen here. More than a year ago more children, although such an act would not we established prayer meetings at six o'clock in harm her condition of santification. Another the morning, and after sometime, for different cirpriest, a short time ago, called in a very urgent cumstances, we suspended them. Now we have manner, saying that he wanted to leave the con- started them again. The first Sunday nine came vent and become an evangelical. These reports to the service; the following, thirteen; and the show how these people think on religious mat- third, sixteen. In the same way, we have again ters. The subject of the text had a very good started that which we had a little more than a effect and I am sure that it was used as fire and sword by God's spirit to speak to hundreds of hearts, and I could almost say to thousands, be- cause of the great number of people that were in the streets during those days. The number that came to our service on "Good Friday" was far greater than all of those other congregations put together.

Lately God is showing us His way of accom- plishing the best results. He is putting into our hands humble and simple instruments that are necessary. We have often forgotten what God did with Moses and with David, using their AN EVENING MEETING IN THE EVANGELICAL CHURCH strength and vigor. Here we have a group of young people and to know how to lead them is the year ago-special meetings for the edification of method of winning them in Latin America. The the believers. In these services we enter into the older believers, with all of their love and inter- innermost of our Christian duty. We ask for est, have been born in prejudice and have been prayers that there may be great blessing in these reared lacking true character in our countries. meetings as well as in the others. Just now we Studying the glorious history of the Protestant are praying that God will lead us in enlarging our Saxon, we find that the young people had to ac- circle of action. Having at present seven differ- complish that which those that had gone on ahead ent places for our Cottage meetings in the differ- were not able to accomplish. From all this we ent sections of the city, we would like to have find greatest results. God has used those of long another hall where it would not be at the mercy experience generally for edification, but He has of the owner of the house that for some reason or raised up the young people to explore and to pierce other he would have to move away, leaving us through the enemy's camp. That which is lacking without a house in which to go on preaching and is to realize "that who does not venture" cannot obiliging us to lose sight of our interested ones pass over the sea. There will not be those who after we have worked hard to have them as be- can build up or confirm if they have not gone to lievers. It would not only help us to reach new the attack and have come back with their con- souls having meetings firmly established, but it quered. The older believers' fear is made up in would be a place where some of our gifted breth- its lack with the fervor and bravery in the new ren of our Church at Mandamientos could exer- believers. It is not the same in Saxon countries, cise in the ministry of preaching and thus have where for many years has had evidence of Prot- a ministry among the laic brethren. With this estantism. The actual generations of Saxon same thought we have established meetings here Protestantism have their inheritance of strength at the church on every Monday night. We have and they were born in bravery and it is natural these meetings on the style of a small institute that they keep this same vigor, this same passion where we prepare the members of the Gideon and this same vitality. In our countries it does League in the art of winning souls, teaching them not happen that way. For that reason the desire how to distribute tracts, how to invite people to a burns within us to educate this group of young meeting, how to give a testimony, how to preach.

people so that with the coming generation, this We do not know what the result will be, but I ask same group leave their footprints of strength and you to pray.

Migrant Spanish~Americans

Results of Religious Work in Northern Colorado –<111_ By LAURA MAKEPEACE, Fort Collin" Coloudo l~o- HAVE you ever known a Ladies' Aid Society is a state affair, sponsored by the Denver Com- that was so popular that all of the men munity Players. Because of the colorful costumes wanted to attend? Such a society meets and Spanish music, they won first place in the every Tuesday afternoon in the First Presby- church group. terian church in Fort Collins, Colorado. It is ~omposed of Spanish-American women. They and One evening, about two years ago, when the cheir families do seasonal work in the sugar beet young people met in the church for a rehearsal, a fields. Their pay is pitifully small, and the living strange youth appeared. He introduced himself problem during the winter months is serious, at Bernardo Valdez and said that he and his famoften tragic. These women have made many ily had recently moved to Fort Collins. He had quilts for the needy of their own number, and heard that Protestant services were held in this they do other sewing whenever they are able to church for Spanish-Americans and that the young secure material. Under the supervision of a few people were meeting that evening, so he had come American women of the church their meetings to get acquainted. are such happy occasions that old and young attend, even the young men if they can find any Mrs. R. A. Johnson, who has sponsored this excuse. work from the beginning, was impressed with his bearing, so different from the usual hang-dog shy- The Christian Endeavor Society also, while ness of the other young men. As she had not yet planned for young people, is so interesting that it assigned the leading man's part in the "Wedding is difficult to limit it to them. In Spanish-Amer- Feast," she gave it to Bernardo. When he began ican communities, the girls are closely chaperoned to practice, she feared that she had made a misand as they are never permitted to associate freely take for he could scarcely speak intelligible Engwith young men, the older generation find the lish. But he worked hard and was determined to American custom hard to understand. They do make good. not feel just right in allowing their young people to work and play together without their parents' He attended the services faithfully for a time, supervision. and then came less and less frequently. While he had had very little schooling, he was far superior There is little or no wholesome recreation for mentally to the other boys and girls in the church. the Spanish-Americans in this community, so that They recognized this and were not very friendly the church is trying to fill this need. In addition with him. This made him feel so lonely that he to the regular services and group meetings, there found friends elsewhere. Some of these were not is a Christian Endeavor social every month and good companions and he began to drink and let a party for the entire congregation. down his standards generally. Mrs. Johnson found out the difficulty and, after a time, was abl8 An annual Thanksgiving dinner is given at to win him back. which only Spanish foods are served. There is always a Christmas party with a tree, Santa Claus, Bernardo's story seems strange in these United and gifts for the children. Each little girl receives States. He was born in a tiny plaza in New Mexa ten-cent doll that has been dressed by girls in ico, twenty-one years ago. His father was a clever the American Sunday school, and each little boy Spanish-American politician who could read and receives a ten-cent toy. They bring much joy for write both Spanish and English, and had more that is all the Christmas that most of them have. than average intelligence. Mrs. Valdez is igno- rant and superstitious, and has little in her favor. The young people have produced several plays. Last year they portrayed a Spanish wedding and They were Roman Catholics and Mr. Valdez fiesta at an Old Fiddlers' contest in Fort Collins. was also a Penitente, a sect of the Spanish Cath- It was so well received that they repeated it at an olics who take most solemn vows and perform amateur players' contest in Denver. This contest many secret rights. During Holy Week, they tor- ture themselves unmercifully and one of their [536 ] number is always placed on a cross until nearly is a college graduate, is helping him with his dead. Bernardo joined the Penitentes and was a studies there. faithful member as a young boy. Bernardo wants to become a Christian minister The father was not satisfied with what he found but is handicapped with his family. He manages in his religion and left it, but took nothing in its his mother and the younger children like a father place. He read his Bible, however, and was con- and they adore him and obey him. Mrs. Valdez is stantly seeking for the light. Bernardo also read too ignorant to be of any help, and is really his his father's New Testament as a child without most serious problem. Some months ago, while knowing that it was part of the Bible. he was working in a quarry some miles from home, she dropped the coffee pot on her foot, scald- Later the family moved to Denver and there ing it badly. Bernardo was sent for and took her came in contact with the Rev. Jose Candaleria, to a doctor. He then returned to his work and in pastor of a Protestant church for Spanish-Amer- his absence, a neighbor came in and began to tell icans. They began to attend his church, and after Mrs. Valdez that doctors are no good, and that a time, Mr. and Mrs. Valdez joined it. Bernardo the foot would never get well with his treatment. had heard of Protestants in New Mexico, but had She was persuaded to call in a Spanish herb docbeen taught that they were terrible people, tor. This woman boiled some weeds in a pot, rescarcely human. It was hard for him to get away moved the doctor's bandage and placed the injured from his early teaching, but after four years, he foot into this concoction at the same temperature decided that there must be something in this new as the coffee that had scalded it. She charged $2 religion. His father ceased to get drunk after he a visit and had made four visits before Bernardo joined this church and never again abused his came to town again. Thus his scanty earnings wife. were wasted and the foot was made worse. This is only one instance of his difficulties. Before Bernardo joined the Protestant church, he returned to New Mexico to the old plaza to re- BERNARDO VALDEZ-A BORN AGAI:-; MEXICAX nounce his vows to the Penitentes. When the purpose of his visit became known there, all of the doors of the plaza were closed to him. Finally, one boy friend persuaded his parents to allow Bernardo to stay in their home for a short time but they were none too cordial.

The father died when Bernardo was sixteen, so that he became the head of the family and had to support his mother and four younger children, ranging from three to nine years old.

Last summer he was a delegate to a religious conference for Spanish-American young people at Geneva Glen, Colorado. This opened a new world to him. He found the leaders to be wonderful Christian men who encouraged him and helped him solve some of his personal problems. He learned what a real Christian life could be and, since returning home, has tried his best to live such a life. He is now president of the Christian Endeavor society and teaches a class of boys in the Sunday school. Bernardo has a burning desire to get an education. When talking about this with Mrs. Johnson one evening, she asked, "Do you really want to study?"

"Do I? Just give me a chance," he replied. Mrs. Johnson gathered together some old school books, assigned some lessons in them and told him to return in a few days for his first lesson. As he went out of the door with the books in his arms, he turned and said, "Now I have hope." "Hope of what, Bernie?" she asked. "Hope of being somebody," he answered. He studied faithfully all winter and made remarkable progress. At present, he is working in a reforestation camp and one of the foremen, who

The Spanish-Americans were brought to north- day service. The work grew rapidly and soon Mr. ern Colorado by the Great Western Sugar Com- Sanchez was conducting church services after the pany, mostly from their homes in the little plazas Sunday school. A mid-week prayer meeting is in New Mexico though a few come from old Mex- held every Friday evening in the Sanchez home ico. With the closing of European immigration, with more people attending than there are resilaborers were needed in the sugar beet fields, and dent members of the church. One hundred and these people seemed to solve the problem. They nine people have been received into the memberwork for a season on one farm, and the next year ship of the church. Since there is no other Protmay be located many miles away, so the group is estant work among them in this community, it constantly changing. Most of these people were draws members from all denominations. born in the United States; their ancestors were here before the English landed on the Atlantic Owing to the fact that these people remain in seaboard, but they are just as foreign as immi- the community for such a short time, the actual grants fresh from Spain. Few of them speak number of resident members is always small. The English, and few have ever been to school. Their Sanchez family is the only one that has remained superstition and ignorance are almost unbe- here during the six years. lievable. In March, 1933, the Rev. Uvaldo Martinez was Most of them are Roman Catholics, but there appointed to look after the work in Fort Collins are a few Protestant families. Outstanding among and Greeley. Both Mr. and Mrs. Martinez are them is the family of Lino Sanchez that arrived graduates of mission schools in New Mexico. He is also a graduate of McCormick Theological Sem- SPANISH AMERICAN SUNDAY SCHOOL IN FORT inary, and is well fitted for the work. COLLINS, COLORADO The Spanish-American Protestants are happy in 1924. Mr. and Mrs. Sanchez attended mission to have religious services and the work has met a schools in New Mexico, and Mr. Sanchez has two real need. The leaders have three obstacles to brothers who are Christian ministers. Soon after meet. their arrival, they joined the Presbyterian Church and their children began to attend Sunday school. First, is the migrant character of the people. In two or three years, there were children from Many move on before they make any progress, several families in this Sunday school, but they often to communities where there is neither relidid not mix very well with the American children. gious nor social work for them. Noticing this, two primary teachers, Mrs. R. A. Johnson and Mrs. E. G. Mickle felt that these chil- Second, they are so ignorant that most of them dren should have a Sunday school of their own. must be taught and looked after like little chil- dren. At first, they spent their money as fast as These women called on the pastor of the church, they made it. Automobile and radio salesmen Dr. Leon Stewart, and put their idea before him. could easily persuade them to buy what they did He suggested that they call upon Mr. and Mrs. not need, usually on the installment plan. When Sanchez and this family was delighted with the they could not keep up their payments, as was idea. They not only promised to attend the Sun·- often the case, their purchases were taken back. day school themselves, but to get word to all other Thus they lost both their money and their car or Spanish-American Protestants that they knew. radio. The depression has taught them many things. They do not now buy luxuries as readily The new school was organized on the first Sun- as they did and they make their little money go day of March, 1927, with Mr. Sanchez as super- farther. One family of five is living on $15 a intendent. There were eighteen Spanish-Amer- month. icans present. These women have continued in this work during the six years since its organiza- Third, even though they may be years or even tion, while Mr. Sanchez has never missed a Sun- generations away from Roman Catholicism, they fear the priests. If a child is very sick, the priest is sure to arrive. He tells the poor, ignorant parents that their baby is lost unless they let him baptize it at once. Many times he is able to frighten them into submitting. They need educa- tion as well as religion for they are not inferior mentally when given a chance. Even with good educations, it is difficult for them to obtain good positions outside of their own communities.

This can never be a tolerant or Christian nation while we continue to discriminate against some of its citizens. This intolerance is holding these Spanish-Americans down and is keeping them from their birthright as American citizens.

Gospel for the Poor in India*

How Christ's Program Is Being Carried Out Among the Outcastes By DR. SAM HIGGINBOTTOM, Allahabad, India The Spirit of the Lord is upon me because he hath an- me looking for Indian illustrations for economic nointed me to preach the gospel to the poor; he hath sent truths?" me to heal the broken hearted, to preach deliverance to the captives, and recovering of sight to the blind, to set at All of my previous reading had lead me to think liberty them that are bruised; to preach the acceptable year of India as the land of pomp and pageantry; the of the Lord.-St. Luke 4: 18. land of the nabob and the Maharajah; the land of elephant processions with their gorgeous trap- I N 1903 I landed in India, a layman; expecting pings; the land of sumptuous splendor. I have to do evangelistic work among the outcastes. seen spectacles in India which could scarcely be No people in the course of human history have matched in any other country. During the war I suffered for so long a time as was director of agriculture for the outcastes and untouchables one of the Indian maharajas of India. They have been de- It is difficult to reach a who maintains an army of ten nied ordinary human rights; man's mind when he is igno- thousand, including an elephant they have been oppressed, sup- rant and oppressed. Perpetual battery. To watch these great pressed, depressed, by the famine is not good prepara- beasts pull the guns down the upper castes. tion for spiritual life. Few parade ground is enough to When I reached India, in- who have not seen it realize give one a real thrill. the extreme poverty, ignostead of letting me work among There is still this India of the untouchables, the mission rance and spiritual depression splendor and munificence, but sent me to teach in a college. in India. Dr. Higginbottom the India I saw with the stu- They didn't ask me what I could shows how the full program dents in the mud village, was a teach; they told me what I of Christ not only includes land of great poverty. I saw must teach. The subject had the preaching of the Gospel men and women eating millet, interested me little in college. but the feeding of the multi- which we in America call bird tudes, the enlightening of It was economics. The text- minds and the release of the seed. In India men and women books were English and Amer- physically oppressed. None will take some of this in the ican; the students Indian, do- of these lines of service suf- right hand, throw some of it fice without the Gospel but ing their work in a foreign lan- they are necessary features of into their mouths and chew, guage. It is much harder in the Christian missionary pro- chew, chew. Some people told India for a student to secure his gram. us that if they could have all of education than in America. this seed they needed every day Thus it was easy for me to per- they would be satisfied with suade these students to come life. But sometimes in the hot with me on some of the frequent holidays-which weather they have no work, and therefore no form a pleasant feature in Indian education. wages and no food. Very frequently they have About eighty per cent of the students are Hindus, to skip a day, and so have nothing to eat.

ten per cent Moslems, five per cent Christians, the I saw little children, from toddling age to seven other five per cent might come under that category or eight years old, simply dressed in their birth- Mr. Kipling speaks of as the "lesser breeds with- day suits; strutting around with enormous, pro- out the law." In the interest of religious liberty tuberant stomachs, supported on two little straight we permit students to observe their own religious sticks of bone. The faces of these children were holidays. I said to them: "Won't you forego the pinched and !?trangely wizen.

pleasure of some of these holidays and come with "What is wrong with these children?" I asked.

"Are they suffering from some disease?"

• An address delivered before the United Brooklyn Foreign Mis- "Oh no, Sahib; they are the children of the sions Conference, Thursday, April 20, 1933.' not revised by the poor." speaker, [539 ]

There is not a cow in this village that will give common material for cleaning the walls and floors.

more than a quart of milk a day; therefore milk The women take fresh cow dung, mix it with clay, is a luxury beyond the reach of these children. and make a smooth plaster. It is also used as They are fed on a diet of rice with a little split pea medicine, both internal and external. The other soup poured over it. In seeking nourishment out manures they cannot use because of caste. I think of this, the children gorge themselves. Many of about thirty per cent of the disease in India would them die. disappear, dysentery, the cholera, hookworm and All India, measured by any standard, is a land other intestinal parasites, if proper sanitation of great poverty. I thought it was not right that could be introduced. Certain villages show one people should live permanently undernourished to hundred per cent intestinal parasitism; many such a degree they were physically incapable of schools show that 80 % are suffering from disease good work. So I said to government officials and that would be prevented, if there were simple missionaries, "If you are justified in giving any obedience in India to the sanitary code of the education, surely you should teach the majority of Mosaic law.

the people of India how, out of their own soil, to People also say, "You protect your crops against grow crops to provide enough food to have a sur- wild animals and birds; we can't do that." Mr.

plus with which to pay taxes and rent and buy Gandhi holds to the doctrine that when a man or things required." animal or insect dies, the spirit goes into some "Don't you know," they replied, "that these In- other body. In India they believe that hundreds dians have been cultivating the Ganges Valley for of millions of rebirths must be experienced before centuries? They have worked out a very delicate Nirvana is attained. Where the Ganges and balance between the fertility of the soil and the Jumna and Sarasmati rivers come together I amount of crop they dare take out of it." have seen a crowd, estimated to be between four I have come to have a profound respect for the and five million people, gathered at one place, at Indian farmer and I do not suggest a departure one time, for one purpose; they come together from their methods until I have found a good rea- from the ends of Hindustan, believing that if they son. can dip in the water where those sacred streams Finally, after spending two years in America, meet they will get rid of one hundred thousand studying agriculture, I returned to India and rebirths for each dip. They are anxious to reach started an agricultural college. We have now Nirvana, which is a state of Being without con- learned how, on this very poor land, to grow sciousness or personality; they wish to escape crops so large that if all of the cultivated acres of from life-the greatest gathering of human be- the United Provinces produced as well as the mis- ings anywhere in the world, bear witness to a con- sion farm produces, then the United Provinces ception of life as a burden, a weariness, something would be the richest agricultural district in the to be escaped and avoided. No greater contrast is world. No other equal area of the earth's surface possible than between this concept of life and the has so many people as the Ganges Valley. We cut concept of Him who said, "I am come that they alfalfa ten to fourteen times a year; four tons to might have life and have it abundantly." This be- the cutting. My boy, David, who is now thirteen, lief in transmigration makes a great difference in was interested in counting how many things we India because the people believe that every bird could have on our table that could be home grown and beast and reptile and insect possesses a soul if we so desired. Some days he would count and spirit, and that i;f they destroy one they think twenty or twenty-five things on the table, grown it is committing murder.

on the farm or in our garden-milk, butter, cheese, A few days before we left Allahabad, I was sugar, bread, oranges, lemons, limes, qumquats, asked to visit a village eight miles away, where pomelos,grapefruit, custard apples, bananas, jack it was said the rats were doing great damage to fruit, peanuts, Irish potatoes, sweet potatoes, crops. My colleague went with a low caste man cauliflower, peas, beans, beets, garlic, onions, rad- who carried a calcium cyanide gun-being an out- ishes, lettuce, celery, egg plant, squash and cu- caste he can kill animals. When this low caste cumbers. Weare now growing these things in man comes to a rat hole, he pumps the plunger great variety, and in amazing abundance. and sends the calcium cyanide dust into the hole, I pointed out to my village neighbors that this puts in a plug of wet mud and goes on. He knows poor land, which they said was useless to plow, that if a rat, porcupine or snake is in that hole was producing these good crops. They said, "Yes, in due time it will become first-class fertilizer.

Sahib, but you use manures that we can't use be- In this village, where the rats had destroyed grain, cause of our caste, and our religion. We could use we used this calcium cyanide gun on a field of cattle manure, but there are so many other uses five-eights of an acre. In the four days we killed for it that there is little left for fertilizer." Cow over eleven hundred rats. But these caste Indians manure is a common fuel in India; it is also the say: "Sahib, didn't God make rats as much as he

THE GOSPEL FOR THE POOR IN INDIA

made me; aren't rats entitled to their share as "We all know the cattle problem is because the much as I? Sahib, I won't kill a rat." Hindus worship the cow. They permit all of the Two Indian gentlemen-two Hindus-one a pro- cow family to live and breed; the result is the fessor in the Allahabad University; the other one cattle of India are not only increasing in number, a farmer, estimated that the rats of India destroy but they are deteriorating in quality. India has ten per cent of the grain every year; that is from too many cattle, let's have packing houses and re- seven to ten million tons, but because the people frigerating ships; Europe will take all of India's have such respect for the rat, they permit it to go surplus beef." My good friend, the Hindu pundit, on destroying the grain. expressed his regret that t)1e chairman had not The monkeys of India make commercial or- ruled the remarks out of order, for said he, "I charding almost impossible. Thirty per cent of could not have stayed in the room, had I known the diseases are said to come because people eat you would permit such discussion; I would as soon too much grain, and not enough milk, vegetables discuss the murder of my mother as the murder of and fruit. You would think, since fruit can be a cow."

grown so easily, they would grow more fruit. A This orthodox Hindu pundit got his religion Hindu friend of mine, one of the most enlightened from his mother. India is what the mothers of men I have ever known, a wealthy landlord, was India have taught it. I do not see how India can anxious to improve the status of his tenants. He flake much progress until we tackle in some more owned several thousand acres, equadistant from adequate way, the problem of the village woman.

three of the greatest cities of the Ganges valley. She is almost one hundred per cent illiterate, and He said, "With these markets so near, my tenants can only hand on to her boy what she has. If we would do better were they growing fruit and vege- can educate her, train her, give her mind a con- tables than wheat and barley." He helped the tent, give her something worth while to pass on to farmers plant thousands of fruit trees and for the her boy, we will see a different India. There are first few years they did well. Then the monkeys many noble women in India but they are the vic- got in and made themselves intolerable. The peo- tims of a system.

ple said, "Sahib, we would better chop the trees The longer I live in India, the more respect I down, the monkeys are getting everything and we have for the Old Testament as well as the New.

can't get a living, we would better grow wheat. The first two chapters of Genesis are especially The old gentleman called in the monkey catchers, rich because in them are laid down the principles who, for eight annas (or sixteen cents) for each by which a continuing, progressive society may monkey, caught and deported the monkeys fifteen endure. Take the last part of the promise, "Man or twenty miles. Those other villages wondered shall have dominion over the fish of the sea, and what they had done to receive this addition to their over the fowl of the air and over every living population; after a year or so, when the monkeys thing that moveth." Mahatma Gandhi and all had worn out their welcome, the people invited orthodox Hindus say, "We cannot accept that; we these same catchers to return and catch the same venerate the cow; we regard as sacred every bird, monkeys and take them back where they came beast and reptile." The price India pays for ig- from. So the old landlord wrote to the papers noring this first direction of Almighty God is that, complaining of the rascality of these monkey whereas she could be the richest agricultural coun- catchers, but he didn't suggest that they destroy try in the world, she is cursed with a degree and the monkeys. He did suggest that a large block kind of poverty that beggars description. The of land be secured as a monkey preserve and that main cause of India's poverty lies in her social a monkey proof fence be put around it. customs and her religious belief. Our Lord, that The wild pig of India also does so much damage Sabbath day in the synagogue at Nazareth, read: that the Bombay Government is now publishing "The Spirit of the Lord is upon me because he bulletins on it. Vegetables, sweet potatoes, Irish hath anointed me to preach the gospel to the potatoes, peanuts are nearly impossible to be poor." Dr. Stanley Jones tells us how this applies grown where wild pigs abound, so that the farm- today in India. In the last decade, each year 150,- ers' choice of crops is restricted to those not ac- 000 non-Christian Indians have come into the ceptable to the pig. The indirect damage is still Christian fold, very largely as a result of this greater than the direct damage and there is little preaching of the Gospel to the poor. Some sneer of economic importance left. and say, "Yes, but they are outcastes and untouch- But when you come to the cow you see, as it ables that are coming into Christianity and they were, the flower of animal worship. Mahatma have much to gain by the change. But the poor, Gandhi says, "I hold to the veneration of the cow." the downtrodden and the opressed are especially Last year the leader of the Orthodox Hindu Party mentioned in the program of our Lord. We must was appointed to study the cattle problem of India. have preaching in the Gospel, but it is a mistake When the committee met, an Englishman said, to think that is all there is to the Gospel.

Our Lord went on to say, "We are to heal the and farming in India?" It has been the purpose of broken-hearted." Is there any place on earth my life to do God's will. That will is richer, fuller, where you will find any more broken-hearted peo- better than any will of my own could be for my ple than among the sixty million untouchables of life; so when critics come, with their questioning India. Mr. Gandhi, from his jail, sent out about and say, "Why do you do this?" I go to my Lord a year ago a statement about the untouchables and I ask him about it. I think He gives an answer something like this, "To be born an untouchable is in that great picture in the twenty-fifth chapter of the equivalent of having a life sentence of penal St. Matthew, when he says, "Come ye blessed of servitude, from which in this life there is no es- my Father," and when they ask, "Why do you call cape; birth and birth alone determines the un- us blessed; what have we ever done?" He replies, touchable. His position is inescapable in this in- "You saw me hungry, you gave me to eat; I say, carnation." "When" and Jesus says, "Don't you remember you When the orthodox Hindus challenge Mr. Gand- went to that little famine cursed Indian village; hi's right to remove untouchability, they say that you saw those children with great, distended stom- these people are born in that position, that is their achs; you knew there wasn't a cow in that village fate and that no one can remove untouchability. that would give more than a quart of milk a day; Christ comes along through his servants and you took a beautiful cross-bred cow that could give looks into that horrible pit, and as one whose arm twenty to twenty-five quarts a day, wasn't that is not shortened that it cannot save, He reaches doing something for the least of my little ones?

down and lifts up and heals the broken hearted. They were growing coarse grain and low yields of These untouchables have, in Hinduism, no hope of wheat. You quadrupled the yields and improved better things in this life; but the God of hope lifts the quality. Is not that helping to feed the hun- them out from that horrible pit. Today we almost gry? They were growing sixty to eighty pounds have to say to them, "Why do you come so fast; of cotton; you taught them how to grow four hun- we can't care for you; we haven't sufficient help- dred, isn't that helping to clothe the naked? There ers." The outcastes are almost one hundred per had been a great drought, every stream is dry, a cent illiterate, degraded through centuries of op- woman comes to the well, she drops her vessel pression, suppression and depression. down into the well curb, but there is no water in it.

Some of my Indian friends in Allahabad are Terror is in her eyes, for it is a dry and thirsty charming, cultured men; and yet, they are cap- land where no water is. That village faces suf- tives; they are bound by chains of social custom fering and death. You go into that village with a like caste and religious belief, such as the doctrine good American boring apparatus, and bore down of transmigration and the veneration of the cow. sixty, eighty, maybe one hundred feet, until you Christ came to set the captive free; to break those strike a good vein of water, enough for man and fetters. Our Lord, when he sent forth the twelve, beast and some over for irrigation. Is not that said: "As you go, preach, heal the sick, cleanse giving drink to the thirsty?" If I understand the the leper, raise the dead, cast out demons." When Gospel of Christ right, what He lived and prac- John the Baptist sent two of his disciples to ask ticed, what He bade his disciples take to the end Jesus if He was the promised Messiah, Christ told of the earth, that Gospel is the only practical pro- them to return and tell John what they had seen, gram this world has for meeting every human "how the blind receive their sight, the lane walk, need, whether the need be physical, mental or spir- the lepers are cleansed, the sick are healed, the itual. Of all those who have trod the pages of his- dead raised and the poor have the Gospel preached tory and have come within human ken, Jesus unto them." If J-ohn knew what He was doing Christ is the only one who proved Himself able that would reveal Him to be the Saviour of men. to save to the utmost all who come to God by Him.

Yet some say: "After all is it right for mission- So let us all do our part to fulfil His great com- aries to take money from the home Church and to mand to take His Gospel of life to all men every- go out and engage in cattle breeding, raising fruit where.

MISSIONARY WORK WITHOUT MONEY If money is lacking now, there are many ways to work without it. Russia carried out one five-year plan without money, and has now begun on a second. A plan of world evangelization must inevitably involve changes; but it is against the purpose of Ohrist to retrench! If there is no money to support missionaries, let us get together and start many Gospel schools and thus create lay leaders, and continue doing so for scores of years. There is need now to set up such aggressive, constructive planning. Why not start occupational evangelism on a world-wide scale? When even the Rotary Club has an occupational fraternity as wide as the world, why cannot those who belong to Christ achieve such constructive planning?-Dr. Toyohiko Kagawa.

A Self~Made Madagascar

_•..ef i Translated by the REV. C. THEODORE BENZE, D.D., Mt. Airy, Philadelphia )at- President of the Lutheran Theological Seminary I N THE foreign mission field the most unex- the island and an Arab element on the northwest pected things happen. God moves in a mys- and southeast coasts. There are traces in the terious way. Within the Anglican Church an interior of an aboriginal people of a different indigenous church has come into being through stock. Roughly speaking, the people of the island the ministry of a self-constituted bishop who are called Malagasies. They may be divided gen- evangelized a district, founded churches, ordained erally into an eastern group comprising a number presbyters and deacons, and accomplished these of tribes, a central, among whom the Hovas are results unaided by any missionary society. Here the dominant tribe, and a western group, common- is a story so novel and almost incredible, that it ly known under the general name of Sakalava. deserves to be widely told.* These latter, mixed with Arab blood, and a mixed The story is so unusual that Bishop King quotes race called Antankarana, form the population of a statement by Bishop O'Ferral: "The Northern the northern triangle.

Church of Madagascar is quite inexplicable ex- The Antankarana people are virile but lazy, ac- cept by belief in the Holy Spirit." While such a cording to Bishop King, and live on their rice saying may be applicable to the faith of any in- fields raising cattle. Along the coast they also en- dividual or communion, there are bodies of Chris- gage in fishing. They were never subdued by the tians to whom its truth applies so strikingly, that French but, having always harbored friendly feel- one must accept it. This Northern Church of ings toward them, submitted when the French Madagascar is such a body of believers. finally made a colony of the whole island. While The island of Madagascar lies for the larger the introduction of Christianity in the island falls to the credit of Anglican missionaries, the people part north of the tropic of Capricorn, its northern in the northern triangle received their first educatip reaching to about twelve degrees south. Its tion from the French Catholic Mission in Diego climate is entirely tropical and the northern tip and Nossibe. of the island, which is the scene of our story, is of course the warmest. It consists of the province Such is the background for the history of John of Diego Suarez and parts of two other provinces. Tsizehena, called Bishop John not because of the The entire island is one thousand miles long and validity of the title, but for the sake of simplicity. about three hundred miles across at its widest Dr. King first saw Tsizehena in July, 1910. John point. It is thus almost a small continent and the was then about seventy years old and is described province in question forms a sort of triangle, its as a short, broad-shouldered man, a little bandysides being one hundred and fifty miles long and legged, rather bald and having a strong and honits base one hundred miles from east to west. est face. He was old and infirm and blind; but When the first Anglican Bishop, Robert Kestell- when he took Dr. King into his church, he sang Cornish, visited this part of the island in 1876, he through the Litany in the Malagasy tongue withmade a long voyage around the north of the island, out a mistake. It must have been a rare experitraveling partly by canoes and partly by palanquin ence to meet such a Patriarch, who took himself with bearers. It was then the wildest part of so seriously that he never claimed any real right Madagascar and the time had not yet come to to call himself either "The Bishop of the North" plant a mission. or a doctor of divinity, and yet had accomplished a remarkable work under these titles, with no Although Madagascar is classed as an African one to dispute his claims. As a matter of fact, island, the inhabitants really belong to the Malayo- this native Malagasy, with his simple faith, was a Polynesian stock. Racially and linguistically that real hero and as truly an apostle as anyone who seems to be established; and the traditions of the ever went fort~ to preach the living Christ. All people also point to such an origin. There seem information we have concerning him was preto be African admixtures on the western side of served in his own diary, written in his own poor • It is related most entertainingly by the Right Rev. G. L. King, manner, for he was never taught reading or writaDn.Dd .,wAasngimlicparnesBseidshboyp ohfisMtraudeagCashcraisrt,iawnhochkanreawcttehre.-sCe.lfT-m. aBd.e bishop l·ng by anyone. He nevertheless tells hl·S story l·n [ 543]

a simple straightforward manner that constitutes The Christians had two books which had been its charm. translated into the Malagasy language: the Bible He begins with the story of his baptism, which and the Book of Common Prayer. These were the occurred when he was twelve or thirteen years foundation of their faith. But they knew that the old. He had come under the influence of two mis- sacraments which were enjoined in the Prayer sionaries of the Church Missionary Society, Thom- Book, demanded a priest and a bishop. They rose as Campbell and H. Maundrell, who had begun to the occasion. Ordinarily Christians in like cir- their pioneer work in the region of Vohemar on cumstances follo.w the example of apostolic times the East Coast in 1862 or 1863. When Dr. King and, under prayer, elect one of their number and visited this region in 1910 he found that these two consecrate him by the laying on of hands to be men were still unforgotten. Campbell baptized their pastor. John Tsizehena called his friends John Tsizehena on April 27, 1864. together and told them that he would be their Bishop John's conversion, as is often the case, bishop! He also told them the title by which he was a remarkable experience. He was believed to was to be known among them, namely, "The Right be dead and his body had already been wrapped Rev. Lord Bishop of the North, D.D." That was in linen and bound with cords to make it ready the title by which his "right reverend brother"

for burial. In this state, which he describes vivid- the Bishop of Tananarive was known so that he ly, he says he even heard his mother say, "He is and his fellows saw no impropriety in adopting dead." He adds, "I that was called dead, was a similar title. Bishop John's wife, as a faithful taken by the Spirit, together with a great multi- helpmeet, also did her part. She made him a cas- tude of people, up a dark and slender ladder. sock, a rochet and the best imitation of a hood There was a bright city there, with many glorious that she could devise, for she had never seen one people riding horses. They had tunics and shoes except at a distance. Dr. King calls this hood a and crowns of gold. There was music and the study in black and yellow; but John's fellows saw sound of a trumpet." Then he says that he heard no reason why they should not respect him or his the Commander say, "Who brought this boy hith- vestments. From that time on he was a fully er? Take him back, for there is much work for fledged bishop with the North as his diocese!

him to do down there!" When he became con- One is almost tempted to smile at the simplicity scious he heard his mother crying out that he was of the man, and the flock which followed him, and alive. He tells us that thereafter he was regarded yet such was their earnestness and consecration as a "wise child." that one cannot but respect them. The bishop Two years later he was at Andevorante, two built himself a little wooden church at Namakia.

hundred miles south of Vohemar, where a new He could not find a service for dedicating a church, mission had just been opened. Soon after that he but again his inventiveness stood him in good went to Tananarive. He was following the course stead. He adapted the Service of Holy Baptism of the newly opened mission stations and it seems to his purpose, sprinkling water on the floor of that he was active as a lay preacher. About 1874 the building, and saying, "I baptize thee in the he attracted attention by wearing a cassock with name of St. Jacoba" (St. James in Malagasy).

a tinkling bell, in imitation, it is thought, of Aaron Then he preached on James 3 but confusing Jacob the High Priest. Such idiosyncracies do not seem at Bethel with the Apostle James. Finally he to have interfered with his influence among mem- sprinkled ashes on the floor in the form of a St.

bers of his own race. Andrew's cross and thus his cathedral was conse- In 1882 or 1883, when he returned to Vohemar crated. Every morning he went about his village an event occurred which became decisive in his tinkling a tiny bell and he told Dr. King that his own life. The French took the town and harbor favorite text was, "While I live I will praise the of Diego Suarez and held it. When they reached Lord."

Vohemar, they treated the Christians there so By such a humble vessel did the Lord send His kindly that, when they withdrew to Diego, John Gospel to the people of the North and establish and most of his fellow Christians went with them, His church among those simple-minded Malaga- settling in a village called Namakia about ten miles sies. From his base in Namakia John proceeded from Diego. This cut them off completely from to evangelize his diocese. In September of the the fellow Christians in Tananarive and East year of the dedication of his church he went with Coast. They were so completely separated from a native harpist about sixty miles to the south and their fellow Anglicans of the coast, that a mission- soon after, at the Feast of St. Michael and All ary of their own faith told them to manage as Angels, he dedicated a church there. Thus he best they could, since they were under French went about on long journeys, preaching the Gos- rule, while the rest of the island was still true to pel wherever he found hearers, founding churches the Queen of Madagascar. How were they to and ordaining priests and deacons, using the Or- maintain their Christian faith? dination Service of the Prayer Book. His biog-

RE-THINKING MISSIONS IN 60 A. D

rapher tells us that he baptized rather too freely, chapter in Dr. King's book, who seems to have but he never administered Confirmation, although handled the situation with the utmost tact and he himself had been confirmed in his youth. wisdom. His directions met with no actual oppo- sition and were followed with a fine sense of order We cannot follow Bishop John on all his jour- on the part of the Malagasy Christians. John neys, nor can we describe his perilous adventures Tsizehena seems to have laid thorough foundations in evangelization. There is a splendid account of and to have proved himself a master workman in the man and his deeds in the fascinating account many respects. The life and work of this devoted written by Dr. King. native Christian of the North are an inspiring example of how God's Spirit uses the simplest of When the properly consecrated bishop came to men and means, that to some may savor of the organize the church thus founded it became a foolishness of the Gospel, to lead men to the savdelicate problem to do so without doing anything ing knowledge of His truth. antagonistic or derogatory to the work of the selfconstituted bishop. This forms an interesting Re~thinking Missions in 60 A.D.* By the REV. CHARLES GRANVILLE HAMILTON Rector of St. John's Church, Aberdeen, Miss.

T HE Laymen's Committee, sponsored and said to have quarreled with the original leader of the financed by the generosity of the Church of Church in an Antioch street. Yet non-Christians must form their impressions of our faith from such! Laodicea, has just released its far-reaching The final section of the report deals with the findings. All first-century minded thinkers who basic purposes of the average missionary: are not in bondage to the remote past and to lit- Today we are menaced by the possibility of barbarian eralistic conceptions of religion will find solace and invasion and servile uprisings. A lower class movement for communism is growing. And instead of resisting this strength in its stirring words. To re-think mis- revolutionary tendency, many of these missionaries teach the possession of all things in common. And two spesions is the supreme task of all who would meet cifically, Matthew and Brother James, have written docu- ments arousing class hatred and manifesting anything but the problems of today. love for the rich. An upheaval in the social structure would destroy the efficient, prosperous, and liberal benevo- The report strongly emphasizes the poor quality lence-giving Church of Laodicea, and all other churches which represent modern thought and the people to whom of personnel which so hinders progressive work: God in His infinite wisdom has given the riches of the world. The idea of sending ignorant Galilean fishermen as messengers in this intellectual age is absurd, said the report. To preserve modern society from communists, radical These men of no scholarship, scarcely literate, lacking in plebeian and agrarian demagogues requires a united front. grace of manners and person, prone to petty bickerings, We should disregard nonessentials and walk together in are totally unequipped to face the intelligentsia. love. Jews and Mithraites, Pythagoreans and Stoics-all who believe in any form of religion-must stand together Thy are very credulous peasants with no special back- against the red tide of irreligion. ground and are utterly scorned by the rich, powerful, and learned citizens and scholars through whom alone our mes- Instead of cooperation, though, we find these missionsage can be extended. aries still harping on Jesus as the Messiah, His death, His resurrection, and similar concepts which even if historical And a "convert," with all the implications thereof, who are unimportant. By insisting on His impossible ethics, calls himself by the nickname of "Paulos" is probably the when not liberally interpreted by scholars of the scientific worst of these products of undiscriminating selection. A mind set, they are doing nothing to aid the cause of unigood physical examination would have debarred him (this versal religion. is an age of mens sana in corpore sano); and so would a psychological test, as he exhibits a persecution mania, and If these Christians of this type do not join in a syncrenumerous inhibitions and complexes. A proselyte Jew is tistic movement to share with all other religions and fight naturally offensive to Jews, yet he continually preaches with them the common foe of materialism, we predict the to them. Christian movement will die out in a century.

To let a man of such physical ugliness work with such Facing the future bravely, we, on re-thinking the whole admirers of beauty as the Greeks is folly, only surpassed subject of missions, insist the Church must continue to by the sending of such a denominationally trained man support missions, but with radically changed personnel, with only Tarsus and Gamaliel education, both unaccred- program, and purpose, and keep as its goal the brotherited schools, and no degrees, to reason with Stoics and hood of all faiths and all creeds. Epicureans. And this hook-nosed Jew even undertakes to speak to Romans as though they were not the rulers, but (Signed) THE LAYMEN'S COMMITTEE. merely some of his own class and race. Tact and diplomacy seem to be absent from his personality. He is even • Reprinted from The Living Church.

~rhe Christ Works Today in the

-'~I By the REV. J. HARRY COTTON, Ph.D., D.D.

Pastor of the Broad Street Presbyterian Church, Columbus, Ohio Joseph Cook Lecturer in India, China and Japan, 1931·2 I "A God without quality is a God of whom noth- We have expected that revelation in terms of over- 1l.. ing whatever can be affirmed. He of whom whelming majesty. We were hardly prepared for nothing whatever can be affirmed is for us that highest revelation which did come: in the as good as nothing, and is of no value to our ex- life of one who for the sins of the world was will- perience." ing to die upon the Cross." When one hears such It was a quiet evening in October in a southern words from the lips of a confessed Hindu one Indian city. Two hundred students had gathered wonders how far the indirect influence of the to listen to a lecture on the Christian Gospel. In Christ has gone.

the course of the lecture emphasis was laid upon In Kolhapur, Western India, lived a Hindu pun- the personal God of the Christian faith. Contrast dit and his wife who, for twelve years had been was drawn between the God and Father of our childless. They had long prayed for a child and Lord Jesus Christ and the impersonal quality- their prayer was answered a few days before we less Absolute of Hindu theology, and the Amer- arrived. It was a critical delivery and the whole ican lecturer made the statement quoted above. Mission engaged in prayer for this non-Christian At the close of the lecture a tall and dignified family. The child came safely. The mother was Hindu arose and resented the remarks made in the Christian Hospital at Miraj, and the Hindu against the Hindu conception of God. He said, father wrote to one of our missionaries, saying: "The Christians worship a big man set up in the "If only this child will exhibit a part of the spirit heavens." Immediately three or four bright young of service that I have seen in Christian mission- Hindu students arose and protested against the aries I shall be satisfied." older man's remarks. "Many Indians," said they, It would be impossible for a human observer to "do not worship this impersonal Absolute." estimate accurately the impact of the Christian They spoke truth. All through India the faith upon the eastern world. One thinks of the younger students are turning away from the im- spread of medical science, the development of the personal to the personal conception of God. We schools and colleges, the growth of the scientific asked one of the leading thinkers of India if this attitude, the new sense of the dignity of human was a fact. He replied in the affirmative, and personality, the new champions of the poor and that Christian thought was sending its influence under-privileged, the protection of the "untouch- into the heart of Hindu thinking. abIes" in India, the new sense of unselfishness that This is an example of what we may call the in- is beginning to appear in China. In countless direct influence of the Christian Gospel. The in- ways Christ has been changing the life and fluence of the Christ in India is not limited to thought of the Orient.

those who become His professed followers. The The scope of this change is partly indicated by Gospel truth permeates every area of life. One the almost unconscious deference to the mind of wonders how many uncounted thousands of be- Christ on crucial questions. Like Gandhi himself, lievers there are who for one reason or the other many non-Christian writers condemn the West have not yet taken a public stand by severing their because it is not living up to the standards of connections with their historic faiths. Jesus Christ. Often they praise their own civiliza- One thinks of Mr. Purushottam, brilliant Pro- tion because they claim that it embodies more fessor of Philosophy in Pachappas College, a fully the spirit and teachings of Jesus. In any Hindu institution in Madras. Himself a Hindu, case what they conceive to be the mind of Christ he was called upon to preside over a meeting at becomes the standard of judgment. They are de- which the American lecturer spoke on the Cross. ferring to His teaching. All this indicates the At the close of the lecture he made this astound- growing influence of the Christ. In fact where ing observation: "For many years we in India men do not take the mind, the spirit, the judgment have been asking for a fuller revelation of God. of Christ into account, it is difficult to see how [546 ] they can claim to be his followers. Any estimate from an "untouchable" home. But for Christ he of the missionary enterprise that leaves out of ac- would have been condemned to a life-long degrada- count the vast outreach of the indirect influence tion and the collection of sewage from some In- of Jesus Christ is neither fair nor accurate. dian village.

But the indirect influence is not alone sufficient. Turn to a Christian product from the other ex- No enthusiastic believer in Jesus Christ will be treme of Indian society, a Brahmin named Chak- content until, not only indirectly but directly, the raverti. He had been a member of a Hindu mo- lives, the conscience, the desires, the mind of the nastic order and was commissioned as a Brahmin Orient come under His direct transforming and missionary to America. He wanted te prepare renewing grace. We can see the need of the di- his way by a thorough study of the Bible and so rect influence of Jesus in the story of a Hindu boy. came under the spell of the central figure of the He was a student in Madras and came one day for New Testament. At the same time he was dis- a personal interview. Said he, "I worship two satisfied with his own work and his own life. At gods: One is Narayana, my chosen Hindu deity, last he was sent to Muttra and fell in with two the other is Jesus." He explained that each morn- Methodist lady missionaries. Their Christian ing he put a bouquet of flowers before the image character impressed him. At length, after much of Narayana and the picture of Christ in the prayer, he was baptized on Christmas day. That garden of Gethsemane. Then he paused in rev- was five years ago. Today he is pastor of the erent· adoration of both his divinities, and read church in Brindaban, a strong center of Hindu- some Hindu scriptures and something from the ism. He is a man of amazing physical vigor, in New Testament. "Do you think this is all right?" his early forties, a striking personality, a clear he asked. The question was his to answer, and I mind. We traveled all day to hear his testimony asked him, "Is there anything you get in Nara- and it was worth many days' journey.

yana that you cannot find in Christ, and is there One thinks of the women and girls of the Orient.

something in Christ that you have not yet discov- We went into countless girls' schools and colleges.

ered ?" Two days later he came back with the in- We saw these girls in the Christian Sunday sistent query, "How can I know Christ in my schools. We saw the women in Christian churches heart?" I was afraid at first that he was merely from Mt. Lebanon to Madura, to Bangkok, to Can- mouthing a pious question which he had heard so ton, to Tsinan and on to Seoul, and everywhere we I asked him what he meant. In reply he unfolded saw the unforgetable light in their eyes. It was a tragic tale of moral defeat, a tale that is to be one of the distinguishing marks between the multiplied in the lives of thousands of Hindu stu- Christians and the non-Christians. If only that dents. What his urbane and academic interest in light of the eye could be captured and brought Christ had not accomplished, what his loyalty to home it would speak its all powerful appeal to the the best of Hindu deities had not achieved, was a American church.

moral transformation that could come only One thinks of the countless poor and under- through a direct experience of the indwelling privileged folk in the East; the outcast villages, Christ. It is this moral dynamic which is the and of all that Christ has meant to them. These great crying need of the Orient. poor, hopeless folk had never known joy until they These transformations are not such as can be heard the "Good News." One thinks of their chil- pointed out. They are hidden and inward. We dren enjoying education, their mothers freed from cannot say: "Lo, here!" or "Lo, there!" I am some of their suffering through Christian medi- skeptical whenever anyone comes back from the cine. One evening we saw a Christian minister Orient with tales of wholesale conversions: and his wife, who was a doctor, go into a stricken For not with swords loud clashing, Indian home where disease was working a dread Nor roll of stirring drums, result. We saw the swift yet careful ministry of But deeds of love and mercy, the doctor and heard the tender earnest prayer of The Heavenly Kingdom comes. the missionary husband as he called upon the Nevertheless we find human individuals who, by presence and the keeping power of the Eternal.

the fruitage of their lives, show what has been It seemed to us that we had seen Christ in person taking place. Here was a brilliant preacher, a coming into that humble home.

product of Harvard Graduate College with high I think of the Christian groups that we saw in honors in philosophy, professor in Wilson College India, the songs that they sang – weird Hindu in Bombay, and pastor of a large church in that melodies to the accompaniment of crude instru- city under the American Board. We heard him ments but lately carved out of the materials of the give a sermon whose words we could not under- jungle. The so·ngs had an air of the jungle and stand, but we talked with him after the service yet their central message was the message of was over. What had been the origin of that bril- righteousness and peace. I think of the Christian liant and effective Christian leader? He had come homes where women and children were no longer

creatures of desire but where the spirit and at- sturdy Christian character that there is to be mosphere of the home was Christian. One Sun- found. Were all the Christians to disappear from day evening we came to such a home in Osaka, the rest of the world I am sure that out of Korea Japan. The husband was a prominent business there would come a church that eventually would man and both father and mother were graduates reconquer the world. of American universities. The six children were all present at the supper table and at the conclu- We think of the pathos of China, and of the sion of the meal a number of the neighbors were sober, intelligent, devoted leadership that comes invited in for prayer and Bible study. They were from some of her Christians. We think of the too far from the Christian church. After some future of Christ in Japan. One day their mescomments on a passage of Scripture, there fol- sage will transform that land. We think of the lowed discussion in Japanese which I could not stupendous significance of the Orient for the world understand, but the spirit of that home I shall of tomorrow. Then we think of what Christ is never forget. doing there. We pray that His work may be multiplied until their kingdoms shall become His We think of the multitudes that thronged the very own. We see many signs of His coming churches of Korea, of the intense conviction and Kingdom and we take courage.

New German Christians By PFARRER THOM Member of the Executive Committee of the "German Christians"

THE "German Christians" have for their aim cently in a broadcast speech placed the general to unite the 28 different "Landeskirchen" in position of State, people and Church under the Germany into one German evangelical following aspects: Church, and to include the German coreligionists all over the world, attaching them to the home The traditional articles of faith in the evangelical con- Church. The German Evangelical Church Fed- fessions, the religious life, thought and feeling peculiar eration, which was concluded over Luther's grave to them, as also the institutions and formations in the inat Wittenberg by the 28 "Landeskirchen" aimed at dividual congregation and in the Church, valuable from a mediating the relations of the Landeskirchen with religious and ecclesiastical point of view, are in no way to one another and uniting the foreign congregations be hampered or infringed upon. The assimilation of Gerto the German Church people. man ways to the Church is not supposed to push aside or replace by other elements foreign to the Christian faith "German Christians" profess a positive Chris- the belief of the fathers in doctrine, public worship and tianity, in keeping with Lutheran spirit and Lu- community life, but rather to render this Christian faith theran piety. In matters of faith, they take their intelligible, elucidate it and bring it nearer to the people, stand on the confessional foundations of the evan- especially to those that have become estranged from the gelical churches, i.e., the whole Bible and the writ- Church, thus making it afresh dear and valuable to them. ings of Dr. Martin Luther's reformation. It is to furnish to the national movement the indispensable religious-ecclesiastical substructure, and make Church and The "German Christians" are anxious to put people come together anew. into prominence in their Church the reawakened German lebensgefiihl (feeling of life) and wish a The "German Christians" demand an independ- Church that shall not stand aside in the mighty ent Church, free from the State. To this end it is struggle for existence of the German people. The requisite that the Church should enjoy the full faith movement German Christians reject the sep- confidence of the State, and the State can trust a aration between things temporal and spiritual, Church only if it knows that the leaders of this not in the interest of worldly power, but for the Church are prepared to serve it enthusiastically. sake of the faith and the pure Gospel. The "German Christians" want to be prophets The state commissioner for the evangelical of God, who hear God's call to the German people Landeskirchen in Prussia, Dr. Jaeger, has re- and are following this call to evangelism with all the passion of their souls. By the REV. S. W. CLEMES, Delhi, India Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church T HE type of missionary needed on the mission -enrolled in the mission class. Here vital contacts fields as given by the Laymen's Commission, and enduring friendships were made. centres around these characteristics: Self- The pastors are key men in knowing personali- sacrificing spirit, utter devotion, moral courage, ties and I bear witness to their sympathy, coopera- high intelligence, love of adventure, love of peo- tion, and willingness to give one all the oppor- ple, willingness to serve rather than command, tunities available.

evenness of disposition, sense of humor, serenity Many of the young people seriously considering and patience. Personally, we do not wish to the field abroad as their lifework have different quarrel with this list. It exemplifies a' perfect, motives from those of a former generation. Some human equipment. are moved by an interracial urge. They want to Would that we had more men with power in come out to get as well as to give. Their contacts prayer to change situations like "Praying Hyde!" with peoples of other nations have given them a Men with the ability to win others to Christ like love for foreign people. Moreover they have E. Stanley Jones; men with the creative literary strong feelings regarding war-that the best way ability of E. L. King; men and women with the to foster brotherhood, international understand- educational genius of the Harpers of Moga and ing and goodwill is through missionary service.

the versatility of Albert Schweitzer. Perhaps it Nor is the element of the lure of high adventure is too much to expect of a single missionary to lacking in these young people. It would be strange exemplify all these characteristics. I could men- if it were when we consider that their companions tion some whose names are not so well known, take to the air with wings and fly across rugged but whose lives bring to birth new creatures in mountains and lovely valleys and wide, open Christ Jesus, whose daily practice shows that they plains. In attempting to find candidates we must have enduement from on high – experts in the take into consideration these urges.

knowledge of God, experts in heart culture, and The time has come when appeals for mission- experts in tact and in wisdom. aries to some fields ought to have the endorsement "There came a man sent from God whose name of Nationals. When I was at home I was greatly was John." There came a missionary sent from stirred by letters written by my Indian brethren God whose name was. . . . .. What matters most urging me to hasten back to India. I met a mis- is that God sends Him. In this man's heart is the sionary doctor on his way back to China who told imperative, "I must be about my Father's busi- me that he was going principally because of the ness." In raising this question, how to find the request that came from the Nationals of that coun- type of missionaries needed, we need to remember try. It will carry far more weight with candi- that Jesus found his Peter and James and John dates contemplating the foreign field if they knew and Matthew by making contacts with them. that the positions open for their services are When home during my last furlough I had the places recommended by the national church. They privilege of making many contacts with the youth will come feeling that they are really wanted by of our high schools and grammar schools. If we those whom they are to serve.

are ever going to get the type of missionaries It is taken for granted that each mission board needed we shall have to begin early. I found the has a candidate secretary who is accessible to all students keen and greatly interested in India, her contemplating the foreign field. Nationals would habits, customs, and her great men. Our colleges do well to make their wants known through him also offer an opportunity for making the most of as he has direct contacts with all possible can- our stay at home. The Epworth Leagues and didates.

Christian Endeavor Institutes are large in num- The son of a preacher in Kansas, from the time bers and draw to themselves the finest in the land. he was in grade school, said that he wanted to be Out of an institute of about 400 nearly 90 were a medical missionary; and he stuck to it through high school, college and university. When he had pri•ntCeodndinenTsehde Ifnrodmian·a Wpiatnpeesrs. read at the Landour Conference and gone through college and medical school with high [549 ] scholarship honors and the Gold Key, he offered as natural abilities, culture, capacity, outlook, tact and himself to our church for medical missionary serv- training. To this we agree; but, realizing that there is a ice, and they told him they could not send him for spiritual and a supernatural aspect to the work. We lack of funds. would insist that there are certain qualifications essential which do not come under any such list. The assurance of The uncertainty of income, the recall of mis- a divine call, the conviction of a God-given duty, the possionaries, the increased number detained at home, session of a divinely-certified message that is for the glory and compelled, if they want to return at all, to of God and the welfare of men, the aid of an empowering raise their own passage money and perhaps their Holy Spirit, with an inward illumination that minimizes own salary is making it increasingly difficult to human error …… are moral qualifications and spiritual secure the proper kind of men and women. Never- helps that under the humanistic theology of the Appraisers theless the young people are there. There is no would largely disappear. magic formula for finding the type needed. Jesus found Philip because he deliberately went after We frankly doubt whether the humanistic call would him. In seminary, in college, in church and in secure workers, and if it did we further doubt whether professions we will find that man and woman who the human qualifications they might possess would enable will best fit in with the life here. Missionaries, in them to persist in the disheartening and difficult service conversation and consultation with others, can be they would have to face. . . . .. One of our missionaries potential factors in determining whether the man writes: "For myself, if I had all the gift of leadership or woman is desirable. and the best specialized training that is recommended for the missionary personnel, I could not go to the foreign I once asked Mahatma Gandhi what Christian- field with no more of challenge than this. If there is any ity could contribute to the religions of India. He challenge to the Report it is a call back to America, there replied that it was like digging an artesian well. to preach the Gospel to our people who se€m to be losing One had to dig deep into the soil to get the right their grip on the very heart of the Christian message. kind of water. "If you missionaries," he said, "will dig deep into the heart of India through the Regarding the truth of the conditions at home well of sympathy you will find that India will re- let me quote from a pastor of our church in spond." It can be done. It has been done. It America: must be done. One cannot think about and pray about our foreign mis- I heard a brother missionary telling of a revival sionary work without being compelled to face the situation in his boys' school. Out of that experience had at home. 0, how we need a spiritual awakening in all the come a great change in his own inner life. In churches! Our American Protestant churches are taking analyzing his own self he stated four things that in thousands of people who know absolutely nothing of a be believed necessary to bring one to the place of life of prayer and fellowship with God, who are appallpower. There must be an overwhelming desire ingly ignorant of the Bible and its meaning and message for it; second, every known sin must be given up, for our day; whose homes are prayerless, graceless, Godeven the little ones that so easily upset one; third, less; whose philosophy of life and outlook upon life and there must be absolute surrender of the whole life reaction to life are just as pagan as that of the men who to God; and fourth, which perhaps impressed me never darken the door of a church. more than all the rest, there must be much time spent with God. I know something of the habits To summarize: of that missionary and know that he is an early riser and that he spends much time in communion First: Accept the description given by the Comwith God. I am convinced in my own life that he mission and add spiritual qualifications. is right. If ever I am to be that type of missionary needed not merely by a board or a commis- Second: Make contacts with young people beginsion, but by Christ, I must spend much time in ning even as early as the grammar school prayer, much time in thought with God. grades.

Let me quote from a booklet recently prepared Third: Nationals through publications should exby representatives of the Methodist Episcopal press their desires in regard to missionaries. Church in Southern Asia on a Study of "Re-thinking Missions" : Fourth: Missionaries on the field might come nearer the type needed by: The Commission holds that in the selection of the candi· date for the field, emphasis must be placed on such things a. Sharing material advantages with Na- tionals.

b. Sharing spiritual experiences with Na- tionals.

c. Allocating men to the work for which they are fitted.

d. Rededicating ourselves in a new way to God.

THE MEASURE OF A CHRISTIAN Our interest in missions is a mark of our Christian character; our knowledge of mISSIOns is the measure of our Christian attainment; our participation in missions is the measure of our Chris- tian efficiency. HENRY C. MABIE. Effective Ways of Working fI crested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO A SCHOOL OF MISSIONS ica. Then a missionary at home stay in Africa and we hurried FOR JUNIORS on furlough from Japan took us aboard our Friendship and By MRS. H. M. JACOBS, Rocky on an imaginary world trip. We sailed for India. River, Ohio packed our baggage and went on There we met another of our The first morning of our Junior Missionary Conference at board the good boat "Friend- own missionaries and went to Lakeside last summer we organized a "Follow the Leader" club ship," assuming to start on our her school. Here we played such as we prepared to present the study book of that name. We tour from Lakeside, where an a fine native game called "Ko." donned arm bands of blue cardboard bearing the initials F. L. American flag was flying (from Two rows of children, seven in in silver, blue and silver being our colors for King's Heralds- a center table). A long clothes a row, squat opposite each other, the Methodist junior organization. We made fish and fan and line was tied from one place or three facing each way. Seven in kite invitations and distributed them to children on the grounds chair to another, and we recog- the second row run, one chasing. inviting them to attend our club meetings. nized the country we were ap- The others may dodge in and Each morning began with a proaching by the foreign flag out, but the chaser must run devotional period directed by different conference and district which was waving a welcome. around the ones squatting. Howofficers, the general topic being, "God's Way of Working and Liv- As we traveled, we learned dif- ever, the chaser may tap one of ing Together." We were thinking of Jesus as a friend to all of ferences in dress, customs, lan- the squatters, yelling "Ko!" and us and trying to learn the meaning of friendship at work, at guage, etc., but found that all take the latter's place. The new home and at play, also trying to become a friend to all the other children laughed, played, sang chaser follows the same plan and children of the world. We sang, "Tell Them the Stories of Jesus" and worked in much the same the game continues until all are instead of "Me," and prayed this prayer: way. caught. We were presently so Our Father in heaven, we thank When we reached Algiers, Af- breathless that we were glad to Thee that Thou dost help us to find rica, we were welcomed by one sit down and look at curios. Rathe best and the happiest way to live. of our own missionaries who is jas told us of her life and how We would try to live like Jesus, for supported by these juniors of the hard it was to earn her bread. He lived a perfect life that brought Cincinnati Branch. She told us (Chapter 5 in study book.) We joy and strength to those about Him the story of Philip and his won- thought it fun to exchange clothand to thousands of people ever since. derful trip to see Jesus 2,000 ing and dressed up in each oth- Help us to share gladly and to work years ago, and in imagination we er's attire. and play together happily throughout went up the hillside not far from Then we went to Korea. We the summer. In Jesus' name we pray, Cyrene and saw His old home. did not stay at Seoul but went to Amen. We met Ferhan and some of her a far distant village where we school friends. She had lost her found one of our own mission- The first morning Takae Ta- parents in the plague and needed aries and the native people who gawa San and Yoko Matsuoka a home and was so happy in our love her so dearly. We did not San, of Japan, visited our school mission school. (Chapters 1 and like the way they cooked their and told us of their experiences 2 in study book, Follow the Lead- rice with hot pepper and a sticky at home, in school and in Amer- er.) We joined hands and sang gravy, but thought our way of serving rice was so much better. to the tune of "Juanita": But we enjoyed their fragrant Now through· the jungle where the tea and dainty rice cakes. forest children roam, Sounds the joyful drum beat saying, Passing on, we stopped at Mexico where one of our mis- "Help has come."

Health and hope are promised, abun- sionaries is caring for the kin- dant life is free to all; dergarten children and training They have heard and answered–an- lovely Mexican girls to carryon swered our call. Africa, 0 Africa, we would praise His her work. Some of the children name with thee. . still had the toys and books we Africa, glad Africa, we give thanks with thee. had sent in the "friendly bags" a few years ago. We especially A farewell party with ex- liked their carving and brought change of small gifts ended our home a manger scene skilfully [ 551 ] MISSIO~ARY SPEAKERS IN COSTU:.IE AT LAKESIDE CO~FERENCE carved out of wood. (Chapter its church, a town hall, commu- in any group of the church or as VIII, study book.) nity house, hospital, school, play- an evening service that will draw even better than the pas- When we rounded up at Lake- grounds, happy homes, parks, tor's missionary sermon. The sketches may be arranged by any side again, we placed the Chris- markets, etc. As we pay our clever writer in the congregatian flag higher than all the oth- dues and bring in the mite boxes tion. The following directions and sample sketch (abridged er flags and sang and prayed with .our thankofferings in them, and adapted) will serve as a pace-setter. Miss Mary Brown, together that God's love would we will place the different build- director of religious dramatics dwell in the hearts of all the lit- ings in this village. And so the in the Downey Ave. Christian Church of Indianapolis, found tle children of the world. Not King's Heralds will "Grow and them so successful in creating a demand for the study and readmerely in these school group ac- Glow and Go"-which is our ing books and making their sub- ject matter real and vital. tivities but in our recreation we motto for the year ahead. "We of the missionary groups kept the missionary motive up- earnestly desire our members to read; but it is often difficult to permost, having supper on the CREATING AN APPETITE get a person to read what he or shore and holding a consecration she knows nothing about. The service, making lotus blossoms FOR THE STUDY BOOKS purpose of the sketches is not entertainment but the creation out of our paper napkins and We are familiar with the lure of interest that will lead to the reading of the book. Therefore setting them afloat on Lake Erie of the food demonstrator who laden with good wishes and love proffers a tiny taste of the appe- for Japan, etc. tizing viand and thus creates an We decided that in our own. irresistible demand for more.

King's Heralds meetings during This principle is admirably "sub- the winter we would help build limated" by presenting brief a Friendship V i II age. We dramatized sketches from mis- thought of all the things needed sionary reading and study books to build a successful village- in order to introduce them into first, a Christian. flag to fly over circulation, and it may be used

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

we would not advise the presen- Boy-Yes, white man; my mother imaginary variety used by the had a child last night and I want you Woman's Society in the First tation of the sketch unless you to excuse me from work today. I am Baptist Church of Topeka, Kanhave a copy of the book which sas-a movie at each meeting. going to get her some firewood. you will make available to the Missionary-What! Have you a group for reading. new brother or a new sister? This is a game or any diver- "Regarding costumes and Boy-Sister. sion tending to make the mem- Miss'ionary-All right; you may go. bers move about and get better characters: One of the most ef- acquainted. At the November fective presentations of these How are your mother and sister? Boy-They live.

sketches was given with women Missionary goes on thinking and meeting the P's and Q's handed dressed in their ordinary clothes presently is interrupted by the entaking the parts, with the merest to each person entering the room trance of a man. a small cardboard lantern with a hint of costume to designate the Man–White man, may I be ex- letter on it-S, E or W. These cused from work today as my wife part. A folded handkerchief has borne a daughter and I must go represented the work in South made a nurse's cap: a felt hat to get some firewood and food? and a man's handkerchief to mop Mlissionary-All right, Bondoko, China, East China and West the perplexed brow character- you may go. Is Boyengo your son? China, which was the theme of Man-No, white man; the child the program. When the "movie" ized "Mr. Smith": a cane and a that was born in my house last night was announced, the W's went to feeble tone portrayed "grand- was my first born. Missionary goes on thinking and the west side of the room, the mother." One could have costum- E's to the east side and the S's ing. One could have men and presently a small boy comes up. Bo'koji-White man, may I be ex- to the South. At a given signal boys and children to take the cused fr.om work today? My child they formed a triangle, spelling parts. If it is to be given before has borne a girl child and I want to the church, let the characters be the word S-E-W. Then using worked out with men and chil- go and get firewood. these initial letters they recited dren. If it is a group of young Missionary-Why, what's this? the characteristics of the mis- sionaries-Sincere, Ear n est people, let them work out their Your child has a daughter and you own characters. And as for staging, none is necessary. Use are not old enough to have a wife. the imagination. Dim lighting with the actors entering and tak- Is Bondoko your father? Workers, etc. ing their places in the dark is Bokoji-No, white man, Bondoko is quite as effective for the purpose The P's and Q's have many of this type of dramatization as no relative of mine. and varied duties. They keep a more elaborate preparation. One Missionary-Is Boyengo your broth- record of those present at the group staged an African scene in study class, the Quiet Hour and er? the program and report before shadow pictures behind a screen." Bokoji-No, white man; Hoyengo the close of the session. They provide a pianist, distribute comes from the same village that I do, books look after the souvenirs, table 'displays, costuming, and but he does not belong to my family. arrange for the comfort of those Missionary-What is the name of the person whom you call your child and who has a new daughter?

Bokoji-Bolumbu. Missionary-And what is the name of Boyengo's mother?

The Call of the Congo Bokoji-Bolumbu. present.

Missionary-Then how many chil- The following sketch is se- dren were there born last night? A Plan for the Elderly Folk Three? lected from a number by Miss Women of the congregation of Bokoji_We know of but one new the First Baptist church of Mo- Brown because it may fit in with the use of God's Candlelights, baby in town, white man. Missionary-Tell me; is the mother which is a study book for the of Boyengo, Bolumbu? Bolumbu is the line, Illinois, who were 70 years current year: wife of Bondoko and likewise Bolumbu old or over were special guests is the child of Bokoji, and yet these "The one introducing the people profess not to know one an- of the missionary society at a sketch reads an introductory other. What are you trying to put meeting whose topic was, "Faith paragraph explaining that the over on me? of Our Mothers." Devotionals, Bokoji – That is easily explained. prayer for "mothers of the past, humorous scene chosen is illus- present and future" and speci~l trative of the difficulties a mis- We don't have the same relationships sionary encounters in trying to unravel the relationship of cer- you do. All aunts are called mother, tain natives in the village. Mr. Smith is trying to concentrate and all uncles are called father. Now music all focussed on the mam on his work when he is inter- theme. The meeting marking rupted by a native boy, a man Bolumbu was the aunt of Boyengo, and a small boy. The curtain and she was the wife of Bondoko and the 60th anniversary of the goes up or the lights come on or founding of the Woman's Amer- Mr. Smith simply enters and the baby is their first-born. The faseats himself at his desk or ther of Bolumbu and my father were table. He sits in a brown study when a school boy steps up and related but my father is dead; so I ican Baptist Foreign Mission.So- take his rank and therefore I called starts the dialogue. pcaiegtey~nsti,x members took part III a Bolumbu "child" because I have my each represen!ing .a father's rank. Is that all clear? decade of work, and attired III Missionary sighs and goes on think- ing! the several period costumes, de- MISSIONARY MOVIES scribing the work accomplished ,in the time. Following this, each Boy-White man, are you awake? The real kind are among the elderly guest was presented with Missionary-Yes, Boyengo! Are best of our promotional materi- a gaily costumed doll represent- ing some period in the 60 years' you awake? als. But "The Open Forum of work. Methods" in Missions tells of an I BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~~~~~~~~~~~~==~~==~~====-I~ I had fainted unless I had be- ALBRECHT DURER'S "PRAYING HANDS" lage. The worst storm of the lieved year in Honolulu depleted but a company of over 1,500 in Py- did not stop the meeting-which To see the goodness of the Lord engyang, Chosen, to ravaged and means much to those who know In the land of the living. famishing Puerto Rico, where what a Honolulu storm can do! Wait for the Lord; "we were about forty-and One, -and elsewhere in the islands Be strong and let thy heart take the One who makes any gather- were held eight different serv- ing, however small, a rich ex- ices, all interdenominational and courage; perience." interracial. At the meeting in Yea, wait thou for the Lord Salonika, the leaders were one Turning the Pages of an Atlas. American, one Greek, and one -Ps. 27: 13-14. This harmony in diversity is Armenian. The audience in- one of the most impressive fea- Let my prayer be set forth as in- tures in the constantly increas- cluded women of about a dozen cense before Thee; ing observance of the World Day nationalities. Four languages, of Prayer on the first Friday in English, Armenian, Greek, and The lifting up of my hands as Lent. New Zealand, Australia, Turkish were used during the the evening sacrifice. the Philippines, Hawaii, India, hour. Even more polyglot was Syria, Ceylon, South and West the gathering at Sofia, Bulgaria. -Ps. 141: 2. Africa, Japan, China, Greece, They added to their program the South America, Germany, Den- Master's gracious and familiar UNITED IN PRAYER mark, the Balkans-one could invitation: "Come unto me, all more readily indicate the scope ye that labor and are heavy laden By AMELIA JOSEPHINE BURR of this day of sisterhood simply and I will give you rest," in four- by turning the pages of an atlas. teen different European lan- ELMORE It brought a fresh impetus to the tired workers for world guages. A beautiful old poem describes peace at Geneva. At 'Ndabeni the angel Sandalphon hovering in South Africa, native women There is a touching similarity above the earth, gathering in his literally hailed the day, for at arms the prayers that rise from dawn they were singing their in many of the reports. "In the human hearts. At his touch they call to prayer through the vil- group were grandmothers who turn into flowers which he lays at his Lord's feet. One may pic- [ 554 ] have known many years of toil ture Sandalphon, on the third and heartache, and mothers who of last March, loaded with every have worked hard and have sacflower known to earth, for never, rificed to give their children surely, have the remote corners 'book larnin' and other advanof our world joined with its pop- tages which they never had. All ulous centers in so unanimous denominationalism was forgotan upreach of prayer. From ten and together we asked God's Valparaiso comes the word, "For blessing upon our own American the second time the women of and other nations, and reconse- Chile have held a World Day of crated our lives to a closer walk Prayer Service. Last year it was with our Master. Some of the something new suggested by the women had walked two miles missionaries; this year it was over rough roads to attend the something they all knew about meeting; others had gotten up and wanted." The report from our own State of Montana says: at four o'clock and had worked "There are men and women on hard all morning, but as we left their knees today by the hundred. the 'church they said, 'This has thousand who are meek for the been the finest meeting we ever first time in their lives." The had, and cannot we meet more gatherings were as diverse in often for an hour of prayer?' numbers and in members as they We all felt that although shut in were in location, but marked by by our hills we were joined in a divine harmony of spirit, from heart to thousands of women, all

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

praying that America and the women may be free, as we are; ternational leader, "is the Doll world may be won and kept for for we used to be in bondage Festival. The dolls displayed in Christ." Those hills were in too, but the Lord Jesus has set almost every home in Japan to- Kentucky-but we feel a strong us free.' day represent a custom which bond between those strong- "It will not be long before all came from China, and has in it hearted hill-women and others the babies will join those of Af- originally the meaning of sacriwhose mountain homes are in rica at the meeting, at the in- fice for sin. Japan cannot be another hemisphere. A mission- creasing rate of interest shown saved by the sacrifice of dolls ary in Shantung writes, "They in the Day by Youth. A Chil- nor of sheep, but by God alone. met at our house and have just dren's Service was held this year Those who really love Japan left. There were about thirty- at Bennington, Vermont, and at must be the first to indict her five present including two old Cape Town, South Africa, there militarism and call her to return men and three small boys. Of was a special evening meeting to righteousness. We have talked the number, six walked in seven for young women at which too much of mere national momiles to attend, and are now on prayers in three languages were rality; we must press forward their seven mile walk home, with offered. In the United States, into religion and attain to the a hazy sunshine and chilly the Y. W. C. A. observed the day salvation of Jesus Christ. It is, breeze"-not in their spirits, we from Texas to North Dakota, to be sure, not only Japan that know. Whatever the outward and the Canadian program bore is in the wrong now. All naweather may have been, surely on its cover a thought to quicken tions have sinned to bring about those faithful ones bore home- and inspire the imagination of this present situation. But we ward with them clear shining youth. ~'Girls of all nations join must not think of the sins of and a glow of heart. other nations but repent of our From West Africa comes the in the observance of this World own sin first. We must get our Day of Prayer. While we in following letter, "It is no won- Canada are yet sleeping, the day national nature transformed, der that the work in Africa is so changed by God. We must refruitful, for African women do will have dawned in Oriental countries. The girls of Japan pent and be born again.

pray! The service was to begin will lead in this circle of prayer This confession might be at 9: 30, but the women began to round the world." made, this prayer offered, not gather at 8 o'clock. One group started out from their town Prayer for the Nations. In only by a Japanese, but by the about two miles away, singing the Christian Women's Federa- citizens of almost any country in hymns, and other women joined tion of Tokyo, prayer kindled this troubled world. May each them on the road. They came action. They cabled to Shanghai, return of the World Day of from all directions, and when "We, the Tokyo Christian Wom- Prayer bring nearer the realizathe meeting began there were en's Federation, are today unit- tion of God's Kingdom on earth, three hundred and sixty-five ing in prayer for love, peace and women present, to join in sing- and the fulfillment of His will in ing the Doxology. We had silent goodwill between our countries," each individual life! prayer for a few moments, and and moreover, they took a subhow reverent they were-it stantial and practical step to- The annual observance of the seemed even the babies tried to ward that peace and goodwill by World Day of Prayer for 1934 be quiet! Then Kabiyen spoke will be February sixteenth. ()f the need of church leaders for a memorandum to the Premier prayer, especially mentioning asking him to make a special By agreement of the three national 'our friends who send us the mis- effort to stand by the principle cooperating organizations, promoting sionaries.' of interdependence and coopera- the observance, the interdenomina- tional enterprises chosen for the of- India tion, and also by a delegation to ferings given on the World Day of protest against the radio broad- Prayer are Christian Literature for "After a talk on India, one of casting of war news every eve- Women and Children in Mission the women prayed 'that those ning. "Today," said Miss Michi Lands, Christian Service among Mi- Kawai, principal of a school of grants, Women's Union Christian Col- her own and a national and in- leges in Foreign Fields, and Religious Work Directors in United States In- dian Schools.

Our Father, mlffJl we recognize all oys and girls, no matter what the color of thei~' slcins, as Thy children; and may we treat them as our brothers and sisters. Amen.

!, OUf W Outlook ~~~~~~~==~==~==~~==i~

orld~wide j; ~i A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events i~'

NORTH AMERICA women in church work, to have is reported in the Catholic popu- Religion Among Students house to house visitation, and to lation in the United States, a conduct some form of worship gain of less than one-fifth of one Here are some discoveries on Sunday but not to deliver a per cent. For the entire United made by Prof. Philip Parsons of sermon.-Presbyterian Banner. States the directory lists 12,537 the University of Oregon, in his churches with resident priests survey of religious conditions in A Telling Temperance Lecture and 5,723 missions. The clergy twelve state universities west of totals 29,782, which includes sixthe Rocky Mountains: Wilfred W. Fry, president of teen archbishops and cardinals, the great advertising agency, N. 102 bishops, 21,016 secular Ninety-one per cent of students W. Ayer & Son, in a statement come from homes where one or both of his firm's policy, delivered a priests and 8,766 priests of reliparents are members of the church, broadside against the liquor gious orders. There are 7,462 while only 40 per cent of the general business, by canceling a contract parochial schools enrolling 2,- population are church members; 67 of ten years' standing for adver- 170,102 pupils and 1,998 instituper cent of the students attended tising Canada Dry Ginger Ale, tions for higher education enrollchurch at least monthly in their Inc., because the company is to ing 179,345 students.-Missions. youth; 81 per cent went to Sunday school either weekly or occasionally; sell whisky and beer after repeal. In Many Tongues Mr. Fry, who is also an officer of 60 per cent still consider themselves The Met hod i s t Episcopal members of the church. During college years there is a drop of only five the International Committee of per cent in church membership; 42 the Y. M. C. A. and President of Church supports six mission per cent of the students attend church the Trustees of the Northfield enterprises among immigrants at least monthly, while an additional Schools, says that the return of 35 per cent have occasional church liquor will divert purchasing in the United States; the Hacontacts while in college; only 18 per waiian, Latin-American, Puerto cent go to Sunday school with fair power from essential commodi- Rican, Pacific Chinese, Pacific regularity; 24 per cent are members of some religious organization, 14 per ties; that its contribution to fed- Japanese and the Bi-lingual. cent of whom are not church mem- eral and local treasuries will be These six missions are working bers; 90 per cent of all students be- made at the expense of the class among seventeen racial groups.

lieve in God; 60 per cent-and not all that can least afford it; and that They have 235 pastoral charges, of these are church members-"consider themselves religious." "the liquor business has not with 20,000 members and 36,000 changed and will be run by the Sunday-school pupils. The Bi- -Herald of Gospel Liberty. same old crowd in the same old linqual Mission consists of sixty- way." four churches, missions and de- Service for Vacant Churches To handle the advertising of a partments within six areas, seventeen con fer e n c e sand A plan is being tried out in . liquor-selling firm would put the thirty-three districts. The mis- Iowa and Illinois whereby some N. W. Ayer agency "in the posi- sion has fifty-eight pastors. tion of making alcohol attractive Forty are Italian, three are of the mission churches unable to the youth of this country," Portuguese, three Slovak, two to provide salary for a full time Chinese, two Lithuanian, two minister may have religious which would be "for us an im- Spanish-speaking, and one Ar- possible situation." Further- menian, one Japanese, one service from trained leaders, as more, N. W. Ayer & Son does Korean, one Polish, one Russian a substitute until a minister can not care to force upon other cli- and one Syrian. Accessions for be engaged. As soon as the the past year number 878. Sunchurch is able to call a pastor, ents any connection with the day schools have an enrolment of the worker is transferred to an- liquor business, or to have it 6,377. -Christian Advocate. forced upon themselves. This is other needy field. Dr. Robert a plain forceful statement by a Better Negro Ministers Lee Sawyer, President of Presbyterian College of Christian business man who holds definite Very little has been done to- Education, Chicago, is the orig- convictions.

inator of the plan, and is encour- Slight R. C. Gains aging young women graduates to undertake this missionary serv- According to the "Roman ward providing an educated ice. The purpose is to upbuild Catholic Directory for 1933," as ministry for Negro churches. the Sunday school and young summarized in The New York Gammon Theological Seminary peoples' work, to encourage the Sun, an increase of only 32,012 at Atlanta, the only Negro the- [556 ] ological school with even moder- supper with the Indians, also a The meetings were full of power.

ate equipment and resources, has covered dish luncheon. Steps The conference was directed by an Indian pastor. The missionaries gave not added five thousand dollars were taken to stock the reserva- messages and offered a few minor sugto its endowment in the last thir- tion creek with fish, and to en- gestions here and there, but all in all ty years. During this time great courage the building of a small it was an Indian conference, called, advances have occurred in all recreation hut. Assistance was directed and financed by Indians. other fields of education. The given with clothes and a real -So S. Times.

multiplication and improvement friendship established with the Bibles for Devil's Island of schools for Negroes has pro- Indian women. -Congregationalist. duced an increasing number of The Salvation Army has been educated Negroes, and the Negro LATIN AMERICA given permission by the French church cannot function properly Government to inaugurate Gos- unless its leaders are on an edu- One Missionary Journey pel work among the prisoners on cational level with its intelligent Devil's Island, the convict settle~ members. In the State of Chiapas, Mexi- ment off the coast of French co, which has an area of 22,000 Guiana. The National Bible So- Indian Schools square miles and a population of ciety of Scotland has at the 450,000, Senor Jose Coffin, of the Army's request, dispatched to Partly due to the administra- Reformed Church Mission, is the them 500 New Testaments and tion's economy plan, federal day only ordained Protestant minis- 3,000 Gospels. schools are to be substituted for ter. All ministers must be nasome of the Indian boarding tives, according to Mexican law. -Alliance Weekly. schools. This decision was The following is an account of reached after a careful review of one of his recent missionary Christian School in the Andes the situation by the Office of In- journeys: dian Affairs. While most primary and sec- Last year we took a three months' ondary schools in the United Between 4,000 and 5,000 of the horseback journey, givmg emphasis to States draw their students from 22,000 Indian children formerly our rural work. J: took a diagonal line the immediate neighborhood, it attending fed era I boarding across the entire state from the south- is interesting to note that the schools now attend local day east to the northwest corner, visltmg schools or public schools. Funds also the cities of the central mountain American Institute, Methodist will be set aside not only for the region. I visited all of the districts School of La Paz, Bolivia, draws payment of tuition but for health under the jurisdiction of the several students from all parts of the rework, social work and commu- Consistories and established thirteen public, even some from Peru and nity development. new missionary stations. Three new Chile. The present enrolment is chapels were dedicated. Our emphasis 562 and includes boys and girls Indian, boys who are advanced always is on personal work and our of pure Indian blood. Tuition conviction is that this form of work in age will be offered an opportunity to enter the special Indian will continue to give far-reaching re- cost varies from about three dolreforestation camps. As a fur- sults. lars for kindergarten to five dolther departure from segregated lars for high school. With these institutional care of Indians, I received sixty-three people on con- fees it is possible to pay about more and more opportunities fession of faith, baptized ninety-two 95 per cent of the total running will be given them for vocation- children, married twenty-seven couples expenses of the institution, inal, as well as higher, education (previously married according to civil cluding the salaries of twelve in established state and local in- law) and made ten hundred and thir- missionaries and twenty-six Bostitutions.-The Living Church. tY-SIX pastoral calls. livian teachers. Only about 5 per cent of the annual budget is paid Helping Indian Neighbors -Christian Intelligencer. by the Board of Foreign Mis- sions.-Christian Advocate. The women of the, Good Will Indians at a Bible Conference Congregational Church of Syra- EUROPE cuse, N. Y., were not content At the request of Indian with merely studying about In- Christians a Bible Conference Laymen's Report dians in a book; they turned was recently held in Guatemala, Mr. N. B. Cox writes: This report is coming in for a At 4: 45 a. m. believers from Atitlan had two large dug-out canoes waiting on the shore and soon fifteen of us got into one and seventeen in the other.

their attention to neighboring For three and a half hours they pad- great deal of discussion, much of dled across the lake. On the other side Onondagas whose reservation is believers from several other towns it adverse, in the missionary peonly a few miles south of Syra- riodicals of Europe. Prof. Lar- were awaiting and took us to a house cuse and discovered that all their that had been cleaned and made ready sen of Copenhagen reviews it land, except that lying along a for our sleeping quarters. Another fully in the Nordisk Missions- was to serve as our dining room and creek, is worthless for farming. near by they had built a shelter of Tidskri/t. The Dansk Missions- Consequently they have no live- branches where some twenty women blad gives a translation of Dr.

stock and can raise only a little were grinding the corn and preparing – Robert Speer's evaluation. Ger- food. In the past they have de- meals. The believers had secured a man Protestant periodicals have large house that made an excellent pended upon finding outside chapel, and the five daily meetings given it much attention and latework which is now very scarce. were attended by all the believers and ly the German Roman Catholic These women shared a church many unbelievers. monthly Katholische Missionen

publishes the following which is Supporters of missions in the Missions ,to Jews in Hungary so characteristic, that it will German Evangelical Churches Mr. Forgacs, the Hungarian bear quoting. Alfons Vaeth, S.J., are concerned about the future member of the International under the title, "A criticism of of the work. What place will be Committee on the Christian Ap- American Protestant Missions" assigned to the 25 or 30 mission- proach to the Jews, sends the sums up his appraisal as fol- ary societies under the recon- following notes concerning a conference recently held in Hunlows: struction scheme? Will the gary. Nordic or Aryan families draw These laymen have in view a fu- themselves aside in proud exclu- A group of the leaders of the Hunturistic Christianity without Christ's garian Reformed Church, including cross and resurrection, without the siveness? several distinguished laymen, met in Holy Ghost and His grace, without A well-known Director of Mis- conference in Balatonkenese, and church and sacraments. Rather, it is among other topics, discussed the Jewno Christianity, but a belief in a non- sions, Herr S. Knak, attempts to ish problem. The conclusions arrived descript divine being and a "religion" answer such questions in the Das at may be summed up briefly thus: of universal humanity. Many mission Evangelische Deutschland. He societies, especially those of the con- 1. We, the disciples of Jesus Christ, tinent of Europe, will reject this re- admits that many people are for are pledged to proclaim the Gospel to port with determination; but the ma- the moment little concerned with all men following the Apostolic order: jority of Americans will find it to the world beyond the limits of "to the Jew first." their liking. In this way their mis- Germany. Some prophesy that sions will become still more degraded the work of missions will be seri- 2. We disapprove of Jews entering than before, into a social, educational ously hindered, if it does not end the Christian Church for any political and philanthropic reform movement, altogether, amid the changing or material motive, believing as we do with the utmost possible favoring of spiritual movements in Church that a radical change of heart is the the mortal foe of true religion, syn- primary condition of membership in cretism. For us Catholics the most and nation. Thousands of earn- the Christian Church. This radical incredible thing about it is, that lay- est men and women are deter- change, we believe, is the work of the men feel themselves called upon to sit mined, however, that the life- Holy Spirit through the Gospel, showin jUdgment on their churches and giving stream of missionary ing itself in the life and character of that the mission boards consider this those who accept the grace of God in quite a matter of course. endeavor shall continue to re- truth, and thus become good Chris- tians and useful members of the Christian German Jews fresh the fields which would oth- Church of Christ. erwise be barren. They fear lest, 3. The Christian Church must The Jewish Daily Bulletin re- "the nature of the Church itself ports 25,000 Jews converted to should be narrowed, impover- steadily oppose flagrant forms of sin among all men and especially such sins as are peculiar to racial character Christianity in Prussia alone ished, crippled and hopelessly whether Jew or Gentile, e. g., obscene publications and literature which has during the past 25 years. This secularized. A Church which such devastating effects on morality, only expressed what was be- and in which the Jew is not less does not take account of Jews lieved, felt, desired and regarded guilty than the Gentile. . who went over to Catholicism, or of Jews who accepted the Chris- as correct by the nation or its 4. In receiving the Jew into its midst the Christian Church as such, tian faith in sections of Germany leaders, would no longer be a and its members in particular, must outside of Prussia. Church of Christ. The Church take responsibility for the new broth- From the same source it was can only serve if it draws the er, and are obliged to the utmost of reported on June 27th that "The sources and the impulse for its their ability to help him in his Chris- Protestant Church of Germany, action from the Word and will tian development.

under its new Nazi leadership, of God." Christian Youth in Russia will study the question raised as The Berlin Missionary Society to the position of the baptized has passed a resolution at its In spite of all interdiction, Jews in relation to the general spring conference welcoming the groups of young people in Soviet discriminatory laws against the prospective union, and appeal- Russia meet in the name of Jews. Hitherto conversion has ing for a clear declaration in fa- Christ to strengthen Christiannot exempted Germans of Jew- vor of a vigorous foreign mis- ity among youth, and have reish descent from the laws." sion policy on the part of the ceived the name "Christomol,"

Vexing Questions in Germany new State Church. in contrast to the name "Komso- Baptist Advance in Italy mol" which means "Union of Prof. Karl Barth, theologian, One thousand, three hundred Communist Youth." The organof Bonn, Germany, has issued a and sixty-one baptisms are reforty-page pamphlet, setting ported by the Baptist Church in ization of this Christomol has Italy since 1929 when the Con- taken place in conditions almost forth his views on the problems cordat was adopted by the Ital- identical with those which exthat are vexing German Protes- isted at the beginning of Chris- . tantism. The new uGerman tianity.

Christian Movement" he pro- o ian State and the Roman Cath- Church Collections in Greece nounces umore national than olic Church. Not all obstacles Christian." As for a church are removed, but such a number The Greek Orthodox Church which must "please Hitler," be of baptisms in a country where in Greece is experiencing a relimited to Aryans, uphold the 39,000,000 out of 40,000,000 per- vival. Churches are crowded; majesty of the Nazi government, sons are nominally Roman Cath- people listen with rapt attention etc., Barth will have none of it. olics, shows a marked advance. and give evidence of changed

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

lives. While the people are feel- primitive custom was of real use with which native leaders ac- ing the effects of the depression, to the native and not readily to cepted the invitation to such a church collections have shown an be set aside. It was of greater conference. Time was not found increase. The i r catechetical importance to investigate what to discuss such subjects as the I'Ichools (corresponding to Sun- generally accepted ideas among adequate observance of the day schools) are having a re- the natives were mistaken, or Lord's Day, the use of intoxicat- markable development. Las t were the inevitable accompani- ing drinks, questionable dances, year there were 341 of these ments of witchcraft and super- fetishism, slavery, etc., which schools, with 28,594 students; stition which must be replaced had been placed on the agenda, this year they have increased to by more accurate opinions. The but attention was focussed on 468 schools with 45,404 students. demand of European settlers the difficulties connected with Their curriculum material is that all natives should be clothed native marriages. Missionaries practical and life-centered. while passing through towns has seldom joined in the voting.

robbed them of much of the ben- There was absolute unanimity AFRICA eficial action of the sun's rays, that the truly repentant trans- Modernizing Islam especially in winter; so that gressor of the marriage vow, they have become predisposed to who finds restoration to his for- The subtle influences of mod- tuberculosis and respiratory dis- mer married estate impossible ern thought are causing signifi- eases. Under-nourishment may might be restored to fellowship cant changes within the hoary be tolerated if there is an abun- after convincing proof of sincere institution of Mohammedanism. dance of sunshine, and the na- repentance. The way the natives The Mosque of AI-Azhar, Mos- tives' .custom of exposing their grasped the point, the lucidity of lem university in Cairo, and the bodies to the sun is one of na- their statements and the earnestoldest university in the world is ture's commendable remedies to ness of the prayers commanded being modernized. Old courses enable them to withstand the admiration. are modified or abandoned for ravages of drought. -Congo Mission News.

modern sciences, made necessary -South African Outlook. Testing Time at Ikau to defend the criticisms of Mos- Census for Nigeria The work of the Congo Protlems whose faith was liable to be estant Council at Ikau and sursapped by the influence of mod- A census, completed by the rounding districts comprises 149 ern conditions of life. This government of Nigeria in 1931, outstations, with a church memmerely shows that Islam must throws light on the development bership of over 4,000. The adjust itself if it is to survive. of that country. The largest Egypt Checks Persecution tribes are the Hausa, the Ibo and shrinkage of funds put native the Yoruba, each being over teachers to a test, when a circu- As a result of an attack by three million. The non-native lar letter was sent to each one, Moslems on a Franciscan Mis- population is 5,442, an increase stating clearly that no salary sion at Kafr el Zayat, Egypt, the of 32 per cent. From the reli- could be guaranteed. In two government has taken steps to gious census it appears that 2,- weeks replies began to come in, check the anti-missionary agita- 055,305 are unclassified as to and all the teachers were willing tion. It has forbidden the Com- religion; 7,709,807 are Mos- to continue their work whether mittee for the Defence of Islam lems; 7,543,220 are Animists. they received much or little pay, to hold public meetings, and only Protestants number 710,453, and many adding that they were not the Ulema of the Al Azhar Uni- Roman Catholics 188,507. in their work for the sake of versity is permitted to appeal for There are 36,626 schools in money but that they might serve subscriptions from Moslems to Nigeria, attended by 380,305 the Lord Jesus Christ and adrender the "charity" of the mis- scholars and staffed by 240 Eu- vance His Kingdom. sionaries unnecessary. Newspa- ropeans and 8,815 Africans. Of But the real test came when it pers desiring to increase their these 2,678 schools with 135,162 was decided to call in the teachcirculation have been constantly pupils are under government ers and overseers with their colagitating opposition to mission- and native administration. lecting boxes, and count what aries.-Alliance Weekly. -The Church Overseas. money was there to be distrib- uted. When the total sum in the Good Native Customs Bolobo Conference on 149 boxes was known it was At the recent Science Con- Marriage found to be very little, but after gress at Barberton, Dr. F. G. two days of thought and prayer, Cowston read an interesting and A successful conference of suggestive paper on "Conserving missionaries and native mem- only four teachers handed in bers of the churches at Tshum- their resignations. Native Customs." A careful biri, Bolobo and Lukolela was -Congo Mission News.

study, he said, of primitive agri- held at Bolobo, May 30th to June. Paying in Brass Rods culture, native dress, the treat- 2d. It was necessary to discuss ment of the sick and the whole the church's attitude toward va- H. D. Brown, missionary in manner of life in a native kraal rious native problems, and it was the Tondo region of the Congo, led to a conviction that much gratifying to note the eagerness writes that native' gifts to the

church have been drastically re- to create a popular language. settle on Cyprus. Land, labor, duced. "Because of the scarcity The whole nation was called to water and other power can be of money the old medium of cooperate and for about one year had quite cheaply on the island, commerce, brass rods, are ac- there has been a passionate hunt- and these factors, combined with ceptable. These have been in ing after Turkish words both in the thought that Cyprus enjoys circulation more or less among Turkish folklore and literature. imperial preference, have conthe people, and it is used in the Over 100,000 words are now sub- tributed to make it decidedly atpayment of an African 'dowry.' mitted and from these the new tractive to Palestinian farmers. We have received about 1,560 Turkish language is to evolve. Being a British possession, Cyrods. These helped to pay the The new Turkish dictionary is prus can afford a haven for preacher-teachers. likely to be a monument of hu- German-Jewish refugees in a -Watchman-Examiner. man work; but much more im- greater measure than a land portant and also much more dif- governed by considerations such Harvesting in Madagascar as Palestine. ficult will be its practical en- -Christian Century. Madagascar is a land of per- forcement. plexing problems. Present con- Massacre in Iraq ditions have let loose disinte- -Christian Century. grating forces; there has been a A massacre of Assyrians has re-emergence of pagan practices A Moslem Boy at School been reported in northern Iraq. in certain areas and a break- Strong protests have followed. down of Christian restraints in At Gerard Institute, a Presby- The patriarch of the Assyrians others. The Malagasy Chris- terian School near Sidon a series has taken refuge in British tertians have on the whole stood of evangelistic addresses was ritory, Sir Francis Humphreys the test but some have fallen by given. One meeting was in has set out to Iraq and there is the way. The Malagasy are re- charge of the graduating class, reason to suppose that the Britligiously responsive, but need and each member spoke. One of ish Government will do all that constant encouragement. The the most impressive was a Mos- it can, but great injury has been hope lies increasingly with those lem boy from Transjordania, done. Safety measures had not of their own people who are and of the well-known Mufti been taken to secure these loyal trained to take responsibility in family, who said: Assyrians against their tradi- When I came to this school I spent tional enemies, the Kurds. the first few days cursing the school INDIA church life. There are now sev- and even those who sent me here, and eral such Malagasy Christians; I vowed that under no circumstances The Gospel Focus three on the staff of theological would I remain in a Christian school. schools and another in charge of But as you know, we Circassians are Three public preaching serv- Sunday-school work in Imerina. trained from our birth to obey our ices are held every day by the The most encouraging features leaders; so I wrote to my eldest evangelist at different centers in of the past year in Imerina were brother, who is head of our family, the Presbyterian hospital at saying that I could not stay in a Miraj. Bibles, New Testaments, the "Pastors' Refresher Course" Christian school and be under the or- Gospels and religious books are and Sunday school expansion. ders of Christians. My brother an- distributed to patients, both pri- swered me and said, "I know what you vate and ward. Magic lantern In the examinations held in Sep- need, and that is to be in this school. lectures on the life and work of You will remain, study hard, and obey, Christ are given every Wednestember, out of 2,500 who took or you cease to be my brother." So the second examination over I stayedjand now.I thank God that I have a wise brother, and as long as I 1,500 obtained from 90 to 100 live, I shall never forget what I have per cent.-The Chronicle. learned here of true brotherhood.

WESTERN ASIA -Syria News Quarterly. day in the men's and women's wards. Song services are con- Reforming the Turkish Jewish Colonization Expands ducted on Sunday evenings. The Bible women go daily to the Language An Anglo-Palestine exhibition women's and children's wards To nine out of ten Turks, in London has attracted renewed for a service of song and Bible written Turkish is incomprehen- attention to Palestine as the only teaching. Crowds of men, womsible. The past few months have country in the Near East, and brought nearer the fundamental perhaps in the whole world, not en and children hear the Gospel reform which will probably to have suffered from the depres- from the hospital evangelists as sion. Groups of German Jews they wait their turn at the clinic count as the most remarkable fleeing persecution in Germany to see the doctor.

ever undertaken. The language have crossed Turkey with a view -Presbyterian Banner.

is a compound of Turkish prop- to getting to Palestine. Mean- Christians in Gara Hills er, Arabic and Persian. When· while, news from the Holy Land the Gazi decided to clear the represents an expansion of Jew- Nearly thirty per cent of the Turkish language of its foreign ish colonization to Transjor- Christians of the whole Assam components, he had two objects dania as imminent. There is al- mission are in the Garo Hills and in view: one to sever connection so, it is reported, a tendency Goalpara district, where the with the oriental past; the other among Jewish agriculturists to number has passed the 15,000

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

mark. There are more than 200 has started a self-supporting built up a prosperous business Sunday schools with 10,000 in school of sixty children as a re- as a soap manufacturer. His attendance. To visit the 325 sult of petitions signed by thirty interest has always been keen in churches throughout that area to forty thumb prints. the work of the Bible Society, would mean a year of constant -Christian Advocate. and he is a liberal giver. He has recently pledged 500 ticals for travel, Sundays excepted, and Untouchables at Trichinopoly three years, to train a colporteur. would leave no time for the hun- dreds of non-Christian villages. The first session of the Madras CHINA . -Watchman-Examiner. Presidency Untouchable Chris- Gandhi's Ashram Closed tian Conference was held recent- Only a Beginning ly. One of the resolutions passed Mr. Gandhi's famous ashram at this conference called upon The Protestant Christians of at Sabarmati, near Ahmedabad, the members of the community China number hardly more than established in 1915 for training not to associate themselves with 450,000 among a population of men in the pursuit of truth is to those who still regard them as 447,757,876 in the eighteen provbe closed. Mr. Gandhi gives his untouchables. Another ominous inces. A force of 5,753 missionreason in the following words: resolution warned the ecclesias- aries are located at 601 stations tical authorities that unless they scattered through 1,608 counties. . Hundreds of thousands who took came forward to redress their There are 6,000 churches. Of part in the struggle have lost their grievances in three months' time the 1,608 counties 293, with 146,- all. Having heard the story of the they would consider changing 500 villages, are unoccupied; sufferings of the villagers, I felt that their faith and the canon law 206 others, with 103,000 vilsome drastic action was necessary on would not be binding on them. lages are practically unoccupied. my part. What is it that I could sac- There are 440,000,000 Chinese rifice? I have nothing on earth which Fighting Leprosy in Madras who either heed not the gospel, I can call my own. But I have something which is more precious to me or know it not. -Watchman-Examiner. than what would be considered as The modern method of com- bating leprosy in the Madras mine. Among these the most precious thing is the ashram, and I felt that on the eve of my embarking upon what Presidency was initiated by the Communism Waning is to me a fresh and sacred mission in British Empire Leprosy Relief life, I should invite fellow-workers in Association Survey Party in Writing in the July World Tothe ashram to join me and give up for morrow, Mr. T. Z. Koo discusses the time being the activities in which 1929. In 1931, the Government, the question, "Will China Turn they have been engaged all these in order to organize leprosy Communist 7" He considers the years, and I am glad to be able to say work throughout the presidency, threatened disintegration of Chithat not one of them had the slightest sanctioned the appointment of na's rural economic system the hesitation in believing that the time six group leprosy officers, each strongest factor favoring comhad come for the ashram to make the munism, but cites a number of sacrifice. of whom was directed to open as elements in the general situation many leprosy clinics as finances which are unfavorable to the Champa Leper Church success of communism, among would permit, train the medical A large church has been officers in the up-to-date meth- them: erected at Bethesda Leper Home, ods of diagnosis and treatment Champa, C. P. The earnest of leprosy, do propaganda and 1. The social ethical code of China, developed over a period of nearly two listeners who are able to read survey work and examine school thousand years, exalts such virtues as bring Bibles, with pencils, and children for leprosy. As a re- filial piety, respect for age and learn- suIt 200 new leprosy clinics have mark passages at the preacher's request. The Sunday school has been opened, bringing the total ing, chastity and obedience in women; ten classes; as a rule, every in- available up to 250. In the past and emphasizes tolerance and benevo- lence in mutual relations between man mate attends. Weekly prayer year, in the Madras Presidency and man. When the communists murmeetings are led by an Indian some 28,000 cases were treated der and loot in the name of commu- worker, a leper or the mission and 400,000 injections given. nism and show their contempt for superintendent. -The Church Overseas. China's traditional ethical code by -Without the Camp. preaching against filial piety and A Siamese Chris,tian practicing free love among themselves, A Chance for Bhil Girls they are encountering a stone wall. The Rev. Robert O. Franklin, The Central Provinces Meth- Secretary of the American Bible 2. The Communist Party in China odist Conference has organized Society in Siam, writes of a small is essentially a mass movement, and a woman's unit, and reports a boy, Koo Ngak Song, beginning as such requires a new type of leader- ship as well as following. These ele- ments are absent in the general situa- school project which will give to his school days in the Bangkok tion in China. The Communist Party Bhil girls a chance. Only six- here is dealing with an undisciplined teen girls from the Bhils are in Christian College, who earned mass through an untrained leadership. 25 stangs per week, (about 10 Such a combination of handicaps is the eleven schools of that sec- cents), for sweeping and scrub- . enough to cripple even a popular politti-on. Hitherto "no Bihl woman bing the floors of the Bible ical movement. and the Communistic has ever learned to read or write, Movement in China has already outnor had they learned habits of House. lived its days of popularity (1923-27). cleanliness." Godhra District That boy has become one of 3. The close connection of the Chi- the rich men of Bangkok, having nese Communist Party with the Third

International is another factor against trained Chinese philosopher who for as many as possible of its success in this country. Its pro- is known as "the father of the China's needy children. gram for China is hatched in Moscow. Chinese renaissance," has been When national feeling is so strong in lecturing at the University of -The Christian Century. China as it is at this moment, any po- Chicago on the general theme, litical party which takes orders from "Cultural Trends in Modern The Investment in Pishan an extra-national source is bound to China." Two disquieting feabe working under a serious handicap. tures of his estimate were his Pishan is a walled city of West opinion that China's present China with a population of about 4. Ever since 1927 the Communist weakness, as compared with 11,000. About 40 years ago the Party has been torn by a series of vio- Japan, is due to the fact that Methodist Church began work lent internal dissensions. These have China has no military class, there, and soon had a church and seriously affected the strength of the shows little honor to its soldiers, schools. The buildings are not party and show no sign of abatement. and "will need several genera- impressive-adobe walls and tions to get over its prejudice cement floors, and for seats, saw Madame Chiang's Evangelistic against the military and to build horses without backs. For years, Campaign up a strong army and navy"; the annual appropriation did not and his judgment that the trend exceed $20, and the largest Mr. Robert W. Porteous of the of Chinese culture is away from amount the mission ever re- China Inland Mission writes all religion, the attitude of the ceived in a year did not exthat Madame Chiang Kai-Shak leaders of thought being that re- ceed $150. The total investment' recently attended the missionary ligion is an enemy of progress for plant and running expenses prayer meeting for the workers and must be replaced by science in 40 years has been $4,000. of the various missions working by which alone both the moral Now for the return in transin Nanchang Ki, and asked that and the material aspects of life formed lives: the missionaries do something to can be improved. meet the needs of the wounded President Dsang of West China and dying soldiers in the govern- -Christian Century. University; ment hospitals, adding: "I want them to have the comfort of sal- Cooperating in Rural Areas Lien Ya-go, vice-president of the vation !" Chamber of Commerce of Chungking, Rural reconstruction is being a city of 800,000 people; a Christian The next afternoon, under the promoted by government and man of great influence in the city and direction of Madame Chiang, Christian forces. The Ministry province; three preaching bands, including of the Interior provided the picked workers from each mis- funds and the Department of Dr. Chien Jia-hong, superintendent sion, were organized and have Agricultural Economics of the of the Methodist Hospital, Tzechow, since been working effectively in University of Nanking the per- West China; the three larger military hos- sonnel, for economic and health pitals. studies of rural families. The Dr. Woo Yuei-Dsu, superintendent Tinghsien mass education move- Government Hospital, Shin Du; Mr. Leland Wang, the well- ment has entered into cooperaknown Chinese preacher, gave tion with the University of Nan- Miss Den Lien-fang, principal, the first talk to the men. They king in crop improvement. The Methodist High School for Girls, responded well and a number of University of Nanking is coop- Chungking; hands were raised indicating erating to secure a complete their desire to accept this offer agricultural census of one dis- Six prominent pastors in Szechuen of a crucified, risen, glorified trict in Kiangsu. Likewise the Province; Saviour. The workers visited government is financing and the the wounded in the various university cooperating in a study This list can be lengthened. wards, telling them, as Madame of the marketing and transporta- -Christian Advocate. Chiang herself suggested, of the tion of farm products. One who suffered more than they Reaching the Children ever have. The attitude of the Among the private organizaofficers and men has been more tions aiming at reconstruction For two years Miss Florence friendly with each visit. of life at an important point is Nickles, missionary of the South- the National Child Welfare As- ern Presbyterian Church, has In addition to tracts, booklets, sociation of China. This organi- been giving the major portion of Gospel portions, a nicely bound zation, while linked neither to her time to women's and chilpocket New Testament has been the government nor the Chris- dren's work in the tent evangelgiven to each of the soldiers who tian forces directly, has the sym- istic campaigns conducted by would use it. pathetic favor of both. It has Mr. George Hudson in old estab- been in operation about four lished churches in China, and These New Testaments were years. Its leadership is Chris- also in new centers. The meetthe gift of the American Bible tian. It aims to study the legal ings last fall were more largely Society. status of children, promote their attended than ever before, the health and education and care tent, seating 500, being usually -Bible Society Record. filled at the evening service, with sometimes as many more stand- Dr. Hu Shih Interprets Trend ing on the outside. The most significant part of the work has Under the auspices of the been that among children, since Haskell Foundation Institute, government restrictions have Dr. Hu Shih, the American been laid upon religious teaching in day schools. The meetings are held after school hours, and bring an average attendance of

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

300. One hour of religious in- Christian Story-tellers tainted children of lepers, and struction each afternoon for Following the earthquake of by an attempt to get under eight or ten days is equivalent 1923, a group of Tokyo Christian proper care leper patients in the laymen have been back of a initial stage of the disease. This to what the child would receive movement to provide Christian has been next to impossible with in one term in a mission day story-tellers for the public pri- methods hitherto in use. mary schools of the city. Arschool. There is, however, little rangements are made with the -Without the Camp. opportunity for dealing with the school authorities to have these speakers visit their school and Ex-Prisoner Sells Bibles individual, but at the close of a tell the children Bible stories. series of meetings where there is These speakers are accompanied One of the most reliable and a church the local pastor is al- by a skilled Christian singer successful Bible sellers in Japan ways present to extend an in- is an ex-prisoner who had been vitation to the children to attend who teaches the children Chris- sentenced for life. He was so the church Sunday school. The tian songs. unruly as to be a problem to the enthusiastic children are often institution. A fellow inmate frethe means of stimulating a During the past twelve months quently read the New Testament, sixty-nine primary schools were but this prisoner's hatred of the somnolent pastor.

-Christian Observer.

visited and 123 Bible story peri- book was so bitter that he turned ods were held. All told, 80,017 his back to avoid seeing it. But JAPAN one day he opened and began to school children attended these read it. Later, he told of his ex- Vigorous Women's Movement meetings. Not only are these Christians continue to public- Bible stories given in the school perience. ly challenge the moral life of the auditorium with the cooperation "I lay prostrate on the cold nation, and none more heroically of the school authorities, but the prison floor. Some one seemed than Mrs. Kotoko Hani, editor Educational Section of the City's to say, 'Come unto me, all ye that of one of Japan's leading maga- Social Welfare Bureau sponsors labor and are heavy laden, and I zines for women, Fujin no Tomo, this movement and cooperates in will give you rest.' I had no jdea and principal of a modern school its work. Since the movement what happened, but I found my for girls in the suburbs of Tokyo. began, 463 schools have been burden gone and my heart at Another vigorous Christian visited, allowing for repetitions, rest." women's movement is the Japa- and 455,430 children have had The change was instantly apnese W. C. T. U. with its 171 an opportunity to listen to Bible parent to officials and prisoners, branches. In fighting Japan's stories told by men and women so that he was given a degree of "white slave" traffic, in efforts who are experts in this field. freedom and entrusted with imfor temperance, and more re- Can this unique piece of Chris- portant responsibilities. A year cently in the endeavor to prevent tian service be paralleled in so- or so later he was released, came into the service of the Bible Sothe government's manufacture called Christian nations? ciety, and after fifteen years is and sale of a special brand of -National Christian Council the most efficient man in the cigarette for women, in peace ac- field. Review. tivities, and in the struggle for -Bible Society Record. better education, the Japanese Setting the Pace W. C. T. U. is rapidly assuming The friendly attitude toward ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC moral leadership. mission leper hospitals in Japan, Korea and Formosa continues to -Christian Century. Church Union in Australia Rest for Store Employees be an inspiring example to other There is a movement on foot countries of the Orient. This at Canberra, Australia, for the The Dai Maru department has found expression in an in- establishment of organized local stores in Kyoto, Osaka and Kobe crease of official literature on the church cooperation, embracing were the first in Japan to give a subject, and in more frequent the Presbyterians, Methodists weekly day of rest to their em- public meetings enabling the and Congregationalists. The ployees. Two of the three man- people to gain intelligent infor- scheme would provide for both agers are Christians. Two of mation regarding the nature of ministers and people to retain the three store buildings were the disease, and ways of pro- their own status in their respecplanned by the architectural de- tecting themselves against it. tive communions. Final appartment of the Omi Mission. A Donations to supplement the proval of the cooperative scheme new extension of the store has government budget for leper pa- by the Presbyterian General Asbeen opened in Osaka, designed tients have followed, while a sembly of Australia is still within and without by Mr. H. third practical result has been awaited for its definite comple- Sato, head draftsman at the Omi the enlargement of the govern- .tion. The Council for Coopera- Agricultural School. It was al- ment budget for treating a tion has appointed committees to most the last piece of work be- larger number of leper patients prepare further necessary defore his death. and for methods of prevention, tails, and it is expected that the -Omi Mustard Seed. by providing homes for un- actual launching will take place

in the near future. "When the operation on her forehead would Never has a Christian preacher had a more wonderful opportunity than Federal City was in process of necessitate her holding her hand today to show the religious spirit, to offer a practical plan for social salvainauguration," says the Austra- up there for the rest of her life tion in the world of here and now. Mine is a religion of the minority and lian Christian Commonwealth, to keep the brain in, did not seem I am debarred from the strategic ad- vantage of effectiveness, but Chris- "it was publicly suggested that likely to understand the Gospel tianity is overwhelmingly in the ma- jority in our Western civilization. Let its creation would furnish a good story. Yet she came to know the it speak out, plead in the name of Christ, and society is bound to listen. opportunity for the practical Lord, and her life was so If I were a Christian preacher I working out of a program of changed that her sons attended would read the life of the Nazarene to catch a solution for the problems church unity; and the present the hospital services to find out among which I live. "What would Jesus think?" would be the test I scheme is an attempt in that di- what had changed her. They would apply to all matters of today, and I would speak out, regardless of rection." made the great discovery, and social displeasure and congregational opposition. now there are several members I would lift my voice in and out of In the Dutch East Indies of that family trusting in the season for the outlawing of war ex- Saviour. Two men who were cept for the sheer defense of our fire- Missionary Inspector Dibelius converted in the hospital came to sides. I would take my stand on the reports on the consolidation of us and said, before their physi- Sermon on the Mount-words of Jesus congregations in the Dutch East cal needs were fully attended to, that scintillate with pacifism. I would Indies. He mentions the fact "The people in our town don't call anything glorifying the battlefield that in 1930 the Christians of know about this-we must go or condoning belligerency as antithe Batak race in Sumatra, num- back and tell them now." They Christ. bering 330,000, framed a consti- went, bought a little Chinese tution and gained recognition as house, cleared everything out of .I would lift up my voice in opposia Batak Church. They were fol- it, placed seats, and began to lowed in 1932 by the congrega- read to those who came out of tion to the rising tide of nationalism tions of central Java. Their the Word of God. and the cult of race. If I were a first synod met in February, Christian minister, I would love my 1932. In December of the same -Omi Mustard Seed. country not less but humanity the more. I would refuse to let nationalyear a general synod was organ- GENERAL ism gag the teaching of the Gospel of Believe It or Not man. ized also in eastern Java. Now steps are being taken to bring I would say much on the economic order in which we live. I would reabout a self-sustaining Indian The May-June, 1933, issue of fuse to see society exploit its weakest Church, which at present is The Mediator, says: members, to see ground down in the closely bound up with the colo- dust the Dodies and souls of helpless nial government. "In his scholarly work, 'Pa- millions. ganism, Christianity and Ju- I would have a message with regard daism,' the famous Jewish au- to the Jews-the people among whom Opportunities of Medical thor, Max Brod, has this to say: the Saviour lived while on earth. Missionary 'I am constantly amazed at the -Southern Churchman.

"In South Formosa, where the naivete of our teachers and lead- Historical Religions Gospel has been faithfully ers who are surprised when I tell them that the best of our History records twenty-three preached since the pioneer work youth, our intellectuals, become distinct religions, of which of Dr. J. L. Maxwell, founder of Christians out of conviction…. twelve have disappeared. The the London Medical Missionary Our 'leaders' do not believe it. eleven living religions have their birthplace in Asia, four in south- Association, 86 % of the hospital To them a Jew never becomes a ern Asia-Hinduism, Jainism, Christian unless he wants to bet- Buddhism and Sikhism; three in patients had never once heard ter his position. That Christian- eastern Asia-Confucianism, the Gospel," says Dr. Percy ity has drawn to itself such noble Taoism, and Shintoism; and Cheal. "A young man came to souls as Pascal, Novalis, Kirke- four in western Asia-Judaism, gaard, Amiel, Dostojewsky, Zoroastrianism, Mohammedanthe hospital needing an opera- ism and Christianity. Eight of tion on his stomach. During his Claudel, etc., etc., and that it ex- these religions have no missionstay he heard the Gospel for the ercises a most overwhelming in- ary vision; only three aim to be first time and came to know the fluence on the most earnest universal-Buddhism, Moham- Lord Jesus as his Saviour. When truth-seekers among us, of that medanism and Christianity. our teachers know nothing.''' Buddhism is struggling for suhe went home his father, who (Vol. 1, p. 120.) premacy by using the methods had the same trouble, came in of Christianity; Mohammedanneeding the same operation. He, ism would conquer the world by too, was converted. After him the sword, and Christianity would prevail by love. Chriscame the original man's uncle, Christian Preacher's tianity is the only religion that and finally that uncle's two sons. Opportunity All came to a saving knowledge· of the Saviour, and one sug- Rabbi Louis D. Mendoza regested that the Church, which cently addressed his congregathey hope to start in their south- tion in Norfolk, Va., on what he ern district, might be called the would preach if he were a Chris- 'stomach' Church!" tian minister. Among other An old lady, who thought an things he said:

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

deals adequately with sin and quently than business men. They active worker for Social revoluself; the only religion that offers live more frugally. The real tion. At a Young People's Conto mankind a Saviour who has missionary need not worry about ference he made the following risen from the dead; and the tenure of office for he is a crank statement: only religion whose Founder who believes God has called him abides with power in the hearts to a life job and he intends to Today I detect a changing attitude of those who trust in Him. The stick to it. The missionary is toward missions-less enthusiasm and fundamental difference between human. We must not expect considerable doubt as to the wisdom Christianity and all other living him to be continually doing of the movement. Some of this is due religions is that, while the dev- something original. "How many to a changing theology. While I do otees of other religions blindly of the twelve apostles did any- not wish to press economic determinseek upward, from earth to- thing original?" the b ish 0 p ism too far, I do want to warn you wards God, Christianity pro- asked. But within the last cen- that Christians must expect to find claims the fact that God has tury the missionary has planted capitalistic, imperialistic, nationalistic come to earth in the person of Christianity so deeply in the and race-conscious propaganda agen- His Son Jesus Christ to seek and Orient that it cannot be up- cies attacking subtly or openly the to save those who are lost. rooted. Let anyone try to rein- present-day missionary, not because troduce into India or China cer- he is not doing a good job, but be- -Alliance Weekly. tain social practices common cause he is doing his Christian duty there a hundred years ago and as a citizen of the new world commu- Last Year's Church Gain he will discover how profoundly nity we are trying to build. Our wide- Christfanity has changed the life awake missionaries are to be found on In 1932, churches and reli- of those nations. "I have been the front line in the fight against gious organizations showed one through nearly half of that cen- imperialism, against exploitation, of the largest annual gains ever tury and I have never known a against racial prejudice, against narecorded. The total membership missionary who did not try to see tionalism and militarism. The best of in the United States was 50,- the Gospel in its essence apart these workers are the salt of the 037,209. from his Western training and Church. Support them in their trying who would not gratefully accept "front line work," defend them against Growth in church membership help from his Oriental converts patrioteers and imperialists who dein the United States has steadily and urge them to find their own nounce them as pacifists, un-Ameroutstripped growth in the coun- interpretation of the Christian ican, "pink," "red," etc. The Christian try's population, according to the life." -Christian Century. Church can partake directly in the report issued by the Christian struggle against imperialism by send- Herald. From 1900 to 1933, cov- Christian Pictures Wanted ing just such workers to the actual ering approximately a single centers of conflict to support the opgeneration, church membership Miss Clementina Butler, chair- pressed and to report the struggle to increased from 2'7,383,000 to 50,- man of the committee on Chris- us back home. 037,209, or 82.8 per cent; while tian Literature for Women and the population increase in the Children in Mission Fields, who -Congregationalist. same period was 65.8 per cent. spent last year visiting missions Baptists led all the denomina- in the Far East, reports that Missionary Expenditure tions with an increase of 357,353. chromo pictures in glaring colors In the matter of finances, the are sold at the melas and ba- Dr. A. L. Warnshuis has preshowing of the churches is better zaars. These depict the lives of pared, as in previous years, the than that of most secular enter- the gods and some of them are following table to show the agprises. Contributions for all far from desirable. Even in gregate expenditure of the Mispurposes were $19.02 per capita Christian families, whose chil- sionary Societies cooperating in in 1932, compared with $22.62 in dren attend Sunday school, the 1931; and the per capita contri- walls were adorned by these the national missionary organbutions for benevolences were Hindu pictures. When asked izations represented in the Inter- $3.12 in 1932, compared with why, they said they no longer national Missionary Council in $3.71 in 1931. believed in them but thought the the years 1929~31. pictures pretty. The Christian In Defense of the Missionary Literature Committee asks help Average to provide cheap, colorful pic- Bishop Frank G. Mosher, of tures of beautiful subjects, such Expenditu1'e the Protestant Episcopal Church, as Christ, the Good Shepherd, whose experience covers 40 years and Christ Blessing Little Chil- Australia ………….. $1,390,381 in China and the Philippines, dren. -Watchman-Examiner. made a brilliant defense of mis- Belgium …………… 3,664 sionaries he has known, during a A Marxist on Missions meeting of the National Chris- Denmark ………….. 518,386 tian Council in Manila. They Tucker Smith is president of tower far above any other group Brookwood Labor College and an Finland……………. 117,674 of foreigners in the Orient. They go on furlough less fre- France ……………. 197,838 Germany ………….. 1,525,494 Great Britain ………. 11,031,513 Latin America ……… 4;401,990 Netherlands ……….. 443,827 New Zealand. . . . . . . . . . . 449,266 North America * …….. 28,171,146 Norway …………… 604,608 Sweden …………… . 1,020,521 Switzerland ………… 292,761 South Africa … . . . . . . . . 794,870 $50,963,939 • Exclusive of expenditure in Latin Amer- ica.

-International Revieu' of Missions.

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1 Our Missionary Bookshelf r Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information I.~~~II~~~===========================~ Today's You t h and Tomorrow's tangible" about the book, that it make it a success in tomorrow's World. By Stanley High. 12 mo. world." We know that only Cloth, $1.00; paper, 60c. Friend- does not draw conclusions and Jesus Christ himself can change ship Press, New York. 1933. propose definite solutions. If it tomorrow's world, but we know were to do so, it would be play- also that even He cannot do it Just what today's youth will ing false to its fundamental as- without today's youth. do with tomorrow's world the sumption, which is that the soluauthor does not try to predict, tions are yet to be discovered S. FRANKLIN MACK. but he leaves no stone unturned and that what our too-complain an attempt to put squarely be- cent Christians of today need Wayfaring for Christ. By A. M. fore American boys and girls of most is to be stabbed awake. It Chirgwin. 160 pp. Paper cover, 2s. high school age (for whom it is seeks to provide not panacea but Livingston Press. London. 1933. written) some of the major ills provocation. The remedies are that will need treatment if it is implied, but they must be dug The secretary of the London to become better and more Chris- out. Missionary Society wrote this tian. It is his conviction, not little book after his return from only that these problems of a Like the other two young peo- a twelve months' visit to mission sick world are of real interest to stations in Africa and Madagasyoung people today, but that it ple's study books for this year, car. It is not a mere report of is the supreme obligation of Bartlett's "Builders of a New his tour but a general discussion Christian youth to put Christ at of evangelistic missionary work World" and Stock's "So This Is from the days of the Apostle Missions!" "Today's Youth" has the very heart of the modern as its theme "Christ and the Paul down to the present, enworld, and in doing so to match Modern WorId." It makes no riched by many incidents and and surpass the zeal of those distinction between "home" and impressions of his journeyings youth of other lands who are "foreign" mISSIons, but ad- on the field. He "saw the aucommitted to the spread of dresses itself rather to the in- thentic work of the Kingdom of tensive task of the Christian God and men pressing forward Fascism and Communism. His unusual background of Church, a task just as real in the the frontiers and proclaiming world travel and his close and home church as in any mission the Good News in a hundred difcontinued contact with youth field: the making of life truly ferent ways." A. J. B.

movements in other countries, as Christian. It does not thereby Mother Whittemore's Modern Mirwell as with the young people I)f imply that the extensive work acles. Edited by F. A. Robinson. 8 of the Church has been com- vo. 304 pp. Illus. $2. Missions America, enable Stanley High to pleted, but that in our commend- of Biblical Education. Toronto, paint the now familiar problems of race, war, industry, national- able eagerness to spread the Canada. 1933. ism, high-speed living and the Gospel across the geographical Here is a fascinating book of rest on a large canvas and with world we have too long over- actual experiences in leading more than the usual degree of looked the fact that spread is straying and lost women to perspective. For this reason, not synonymous with permea- Christ and His Way of Life. and because the author speaks tion, and that our world has Most of the material is gathered the language of youth with un- other than geographical aspects. from Mrs. Vhittemores' own usual facility, "Today's Youth The spirit of the book may be records and addresses. Her son and Tomorrow's World" will un- caught from the words with and daughter also bear testimony doubtedly prove to be one of the which it closes: "There are to the record. No one can symmost popular mission study texts many movements of youth today. pathetically read these experipublished in years. Where it A new one is called for: a youth ences without being stirred with was used this summer in the movement that accepts Jesus' sorrow at the sad fate of many young people's conferences the . program as its platform and wayward girls, with indignation classes were both large and en- which takes Jesus' spirit as its at the devilish wiles that lead thusiastic. driving power. Enough of to- them astray and with admira- It may be remarked by older day's young people will read this tion and thanksgiving for such readers that there is "nothing book to start such a crusade and sacrificial and faithful ministry Any of the books noted in these columns wlll be sent by the REVIEW pUblishers on receipt of price.

[566 ]

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

as that shown by the workers in dirt; how they labor night and WEIGH the "Door of Hope." day, travel long distances and THE work without proper facilities FACTS • •• and Mrs. Whittemore was led in and with insufficient supplies. He the Water Street Mission from tells of their work of prevention, GO fmPR£SS a life of thoughtless gayety to a their contributions to science life consecrated to God and His and their training of native docservice and was later healed in tors and nurses. A skilled phyanswer to the prayer of faith. sician can do much to relieve suf- She tells thrilling stories of fering in a neglected land but women saved in body and soul only a true follower of Christ and led into lives of beautiful can be a medical missionary. Christian character and ministry for others. "The Blue Bird John .Barleycorn. By Daniel A. Polof Mulberry Bend" is only one of ing. 8 va. 245 pp. $1.50. John many. Here are examples of applied Christianity that are unan- C. Winston Co. Philadelphia. 1933. swerable arguments to those who doubt the reality of God, the Here is a popular presentation Fact No.1 ••• The "Empress" fleet value of prayer and the power of of the case against the legalizing is the largest-ship-fastest-ship fleet. Jesus Christ to save unto the of the manufacture and the sale uttermost. The "Door of Hope" of intoxicants – in the form of Fact No.2 ••• Fares are extremely in New York was founded in "The Life and Letters of John low, First and Tourist Clas, 1890 and for forty years Mrs. Barleycorn." Dr. Poling pre- Whittemore car r i e d on this Fact No.3 ••• You save time by "work of faith, labor of love and sents the facts with conviction, going on an"Empress"ship. Empress of patience of hope." The work with humor, with pathos, and Japan (largest, fastest liner on the Pa· continues in many cities and the cHic) and Empress of Canada reach story is graphically told. with stirring satire. It is illus- Honolulu in 5 days … Yokohama in 8 trated with numerous cartoons. more! Empress of Asia and Empress How Far to the Nearest Doctor? By If Americans could be made fa- of Russia take the Direct Express Route Edward M. Dodd. 12 mo. 163 pp. miliar with these facts they • .. and make Yokohama in 10 days flat! 60 cents and $1. Friendship Press. would find some other remedy than repeal for curing the pres- New York. 1933. ent evils in business, society and the underworld that are charged These stories of medical mis- to bootlegging and Prohibition. sion work for young people have been gathered by Dr. Dodd in The First Wife and Other Stories. GO EMPRESS to Honolulu, his missionary experience, his By Pearl S. Buck. 8 va. 312 pp. Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, world travels and his reading. Shanghai, Hong Kong, Manila They give a true and stirring pic- $2.50. The John Day Co. New ture of the great need of a healing ministry and what Christian York. 1933. All sailings from Vancouver and Vicmedical missionaries have done and are doing in many lands. These fourteen stories vary in toria. Fast, convenient trains direct to They are interesting stories, well told and show not only how interest and character. They ship.side at Vancouver. Orient fares inphysical suffering is relieved, but how these ministers of Christ are tragedies written in the same clude passage from Seattle. Reduced also bring spiritual comfort and salvation through Christ. Here beautiful style as Mrs. Buck's round·trip fares. Information from any we read of how Dr. Paul Harrison has gone into the desert of earlier volumes but are without Canadian Pacific agent: New York, Chi· Arabia; of the millions in Persia and India, in China and some of the coarse and objection- cago, San Francisco, Montreal, Vancou- Africa who are beyond the reach of any skilled physician. Dr. able features found in "Sons" verand 30othercities in U. S. and Canada. Dodd tells inspiring stories of such pioneer missionaries as and "Good Earth." "The First Pennell of Afghanistan, McKean of Siam, Livingston and Sch- Wife" is an illuminating picweitzer in Africa and Shepard of Turkey. He describes the ture of Chinese home life. Ansacrificial service of these Christian physicians in their conflict other describes the failure of inwith witch doctors, deadly diseases, poverty, ignorance and terracial marriage. Four show the change from the old to the new order in China; then come four to paint scenes connected with the revolution and com- munist activities and four sad pictures of the sufferings caused JAPAN· CHINA· MANILA by floods. They are sad but sym- pathetic stories of the ChinesE.'.

Noone would gather from them ORlfnT that any Christian missionary had been to China, that hundreds .

of thousands of Chinese had CANADIAN PACIFIC learned to follow Christ or that the author was herself a mis- sionary.

Seal. The Witness of the China Obituary Notes Yale University and Chicago Theo-

Inland Miss,ion to the Faithfulness logical Seminary. He went to Africa of God. By Marshall Broomhall. Dr. Donald Fraser, the well known in 1890. After giving up mission work 12 mo. 173 pp. $1. China In- and greatly loved missionary of the in 1925 he served as pastor of land Mission. Philadelphia. 1933. Church of Scotland to British Central churches in America until he retired Africa, died in Scotland on August the in 1931. There is no more remarkable 20th. For thirty years he was misstory of God's guidance, protec- sionary in Livingstonia, Central Afri- *** tion, provision and blessing than ca, and later in administrative work that found in the records of connected with the Board of Foreign Miss Sybel G. Brown, honorably nearly seventy years of the Missions of the Scottish Presbyterian retired missionary of the Presby- China Inland Mission. God has Church. Few men in our day have terian Board, died in Los Angeles, set His seal on the work of His aroused more enthusiasm for the cause June 26. She was in India 21 years, servant Hudson Taylor and his of missions in Scotland and England. retiring in 1924, and was known as successors and they, in turn, set He was a forceful speaker and dealt the introducer of the Sloyd system of their seal upon the faithfulness with vital issues. The missionary call manual training into India. At her was a life passion and his deepest con- death she was 81 years old. Miss of God to fulfill his promises. cern was bringing the Gospel to those Brown was a graduate of Mount Mr. Broomhall recalls the strik- without it. He was a missionary with Holyoke College. ing and enheartening facts in the the broadest conception of missionary service, saying: "When Christ is pre- .. * * history of the mission – in its sented and received, the whole indifounding, its enlargement; in vidual and social life of the person Dr. Edwin W. Simpson, Presbythe calling of missionaries and will be affected." terian missionary at Islampur, India, died July 10 of peritonitis. He was the support of the work; in times *** born at New Castle, Pa., in 1880, and of war and persecution, of de- went to India in 1902 after graduapression and temptation; in the William Revell 'Moody, the son of tion from Union Seminary at Richwinning and training of converts the famous evangelist Dwight L. mond. He was engaged in evangelistic and in guiding the great work Moody and for thirty years the. presi- and educational work at Islampur, dent of the Northfield Schools and di- Sangli and Kohlapur. with over 1,000 missionaries in rector of the Northfield Conferences, died at his home in East Northfield, *** the largest.and the most difficult Mass., on October 12th at the age of mission field in the world. The 64. Dr. Moody did a remarkable work, The Rt. Rev. Ludwig H. Ihmels, personal testimonies show clear- carrying out the bequest of his father D.D.. Th.D., Bishop of Saxony, died ly God's ability and readiness to in the Northfield work. For nearly suddenly on June 18, at the age of protect, provide and guide. It thirty years he was also editor of the seventy-four. would be well if every mission- Record of Christian Work, and was ary candidate and those on the the author of two biographies of When the churches of Germany re- Dwight L. Moody. As the presiding organized in the post-war period, Dr. field would read this record. It genius of the conferences and schools Ihmels was elected bishop. He was will strengthen and enrich faith. he has made a remarkable contribu- an educator and theologian, having tion to the educational and spiritual been director of a theological sem- progress of America and the influence inary, then teacher in Loccum Con- has extended all over the world. vent, finally professor of systematic theology in the Univer.sity of Leipzig. Printin *** In 1908 he was elected president of the United Evangelical Lutheran When You Require It Dr. Yoshiasu Hiraiwa, Bishop of Conference of Germany. Bishop the Japan Methodist Church from Ihmels was greatly interested in the We wish to extend to you an invi- 1912 to 1919, died in Tokyo, July 26th. cause of missions and his son, Dr. tation to become acquainted with Dr. Hiraiwa visited America several Carl Ihmels, is the present director THE EVANGELICAL PRESS of times. During one of these visits he of the Leipzig Society. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. was honored in Washington by being invited to open the Senate of the Unit- 1,180,000 Bibles Placed by Thousands of institutions and individ- ed States with prayer. He was a tireuals have accepted a similar invitation, less worker and had been prominent THE GIDEONS and have 'enjoyed a profitable printing in evangelistic and educational work association for years. of Japan Methodism for over forty in Hotel Bedrooms for the years. Our specialty is Books, Magazines and o Benefit of Those Who Travel Booklets. We have modern equipment *** You are invited to have a part in this to meet all the requirements of your important work bv sending a contribu.. particular job. Our service is quick, Mr. Manly R. Hubbs, for many tion to the Bible Fund. $1.00 will place careful and courteous. years a warm friend and supporter of a Bible. THE REVIEW, and one of the original Why not allow us to estimate on your stockholders, died at his home in Eligibility for Membership next printing ? You will be delighted Huntington, L. 1., on September 11th with our product, price, and service. after a prolonged illness, in his eighty- The field of the work having now sur- sixth year. Mr. Hubbs was a man of rounded the globe, has caused the open- The Evangelical Press beautiful Christian character, whose ing of membership to Printers of influence and Christlike philanthro- All Christian Business Men pies were very widely extended but The Missionary Review of the World THE GIDEON MAGAZINE. $1.00 per never advertised. year. Write for particulars to PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE: *** THE GIDEONS Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, Pa. . The Rev. Charles N. Ransom, for The Christian Commercial Travelers' nearly thirty-six years a missionary Association of America, International i in South Africa under the auspices of 202 So. 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Mr. Ransom was a native of Col- chester, Conn., and a graduate of 568

Books Reminiscences of Seventy Years-The Sunday

Autobiography of a Japanese Pas- The Independent Arab. Maj. Sir Hu- tor. Hiromichi Kozaki. Translated Supplies bert Young. 344 pp 15s. John by Nariaki Kozaki. 406 pp. $2. Murray. London. Kyo Bun Kwan. Tokyo. S()ulld splilluu/ The Muslim Creed-Its GEnesis and The Chinese Church in Action. John ~1I$oF/IIe Historical Development. A.•T. Wen- Foster. 144 pp. 28. Edinburgh sinck. 304 pp. 158. Cambridge House Press. Edinburgh. 11'~lnol~~~~OCh~~.SWIu/lnfI~kmrKAoWliK~Iulim/I~s University Press. Voodoos and Obeahs-Phases of 1ite (or Bogadi-A Study of the Marriage West India Witchcraft. Joseph J. Laws and Customs of the Bechuana Williams, 257 pp. $3. Dial Press. and Tribes of South Africa. A. E. Jen- New York. nings. 82 pp. 18. L. M. S. London. China-So P. G. Handbook Series. U. Jewish Views on Jewish Missions. K. Shebbeare. 105 pp. lB. S. P. G. From Pacific to Atlantic-South 62 pp. 6d. Jewish Religious Union. London. American Studies. Kenneth G. London. Grubb. Illus. 255 pp. lOs. 6d. The Epistle to the Ephesians. Chas. Methuen. London. Blazing Trails in Bantuland. Dugald R. Erdman. 130 pp. $1.00. West- Campbell. 228 pp. 38 6d. Picker- minster Press. Phila. Life in Lesu (New Ireland)-The ing and Inglis. London. Study of a Melanesian Society in Gospel Sword Thrusts. Mark A. Mat- New Ireland. Hortense Powder- Borneo-S. P. G. Handbook Series. thews. 156 pp. 18. Pickering & maker. Illus. 352 pp. 15s. Wil- L. E. Curry. 96 pp. 18. S. P. G. Inglis. liams & Norgate. London. London. Chinese Rhymes for Children. Ed. by A Classified Index to the Chinese Lit- How Chinese Families Live in Peip- Isaac Taylor Headland. Illus. 156 erature of the Protestant Christian ing. lIlus. Sidney D. Gamble. 348 pp. $2. Revell. New York. Churches in China. 260 pp. Gratis. pp. $3.00. Funk & Wagnalls. New $1.00 per copy asked towards ex- York. The Christian Experience of Life- penses. Kwang Hsueh Pub. House. Joseph Cook Lectures in the Orient, Shanghai. China Year Book-1933. Ed. by H. 1931-2. J. Harry Cotton. 160 pp. G. W. Woodhead. 786 pp. $12.50. $1.50. Revell. New York. PopUlation and Education in Papua. University of Chicago Press. F. E. Williams. 67 pp. Government Christian Activities Among American Printer. Port Moresby, New The KeswickConvention-1933. 275 Indians. Geo. W. Hinman. 32 pp. Guinea. pp. 28. 6d. paper; 48. cloth. Pick- Society for Propagating the Gospel ering & Inglis. London. Among the Indians and Others in Agricultural Missions – A Study the U. S. Based Upon the Experience of 236 A Threatened Hospital in China. Missionaries and Other Rural Mary Moline. 20 pp. 3d. S. P. G. Workers. Arthur L. Carson. 111 London. pp. Agricultural Missions Founda- tion. 1933. Tristan da Cunha-The Isle of Lone- liness. A. G. Partridge. 24 pp. 3d. S. P. G. London.

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The Finality of Jesus Christ A Commentary Critical and By Robert E. Speer Explanatory on the Whole Bible A remarkable presentation of the rea- By Jamieson, Fausset and Brown He fiNALITY sons for b~lief in the final authority of Long recognized as the standard evangelical 0/ Jesus Chnst. The author has spent work on the entire Bible. "J. F. f!I B.'s Com- forty years in t~e s~udy of the subject mentary" provides within the compass of a JESUS single volume a continuous stream of clear, CHRIST and declares unihnchmgly for the abso- critical, and explanatory comments on every lute suprema~y of Jesus ~s the Son of God a~d SavIOur of mankind. verse of the whole Biblical text. 1347 pages. . PresIdent J. Ross Stevenson (Pnnce- Regular price $750 Special $3 50 h ( ) I I I~ I I "I) I I I ton Theological Seminary) says: "The D aVI•st B1'b'le D'l"Ct•!Onary '• greatest contribution Dr. Speer has made By J. D. Davis, Ph.D., D.D., LL.D. to religious literature. . .. It will have a wide reading and a permanent influence This book aims to be a dictionary of the IS Chrl'st P OSS'Iblei.t in strengthening the faith." $3.00 Bible, not of speculation about the Bible. It By P. Whitwell Wilson seeks to furnish a thorough acquaintance with things Biblical. It is furnished with the claim of the Religion of Christ as the authoritative illustrations. The interpre- Author of "The Christ We Forget." etc. one and only Divine ReligioCn.loth, $1.50 tation of Scripture which is frequently in- toinbethseobsetr,atfea~iernatndofscfhaoc~tasrlyw.ill Mr. Wilson takes up the challenge by volved be found presenting to his readers a fascinating and George Muller of Bristol compelling picture of Jesus, as he has con- By Arthur T. Pierson Price. $3.00 The record of the faith of this nine- Christian Workerst ceived of Him in his own experience, from the pages of history, and in the story of teenth century Christian, who received over Commentary our own times. "I came first to know $7,000.000 without asking man for a By Dr. James M. Gray Him nearly fifty years ago," says this penny, is one of the most inspiring in journalist of international reputation, Christian literature. Dr. Pierson has writ- A competent expository commentary on "and the friendship remains." A book of ten the authorized memoir of this remark- the whole Bible in one volume, and for a great charm, a plea of great power. $2.00 able man for both British and American price within the reach of all. This desir- The Beauty 0 { J esus readers. It presents not merely the ex- able combination has never been offered so ternal facts of Mr. Muller's labors, but the attractively. This is eminently the Com- By Gipsy Smith secret springs of his accomplishments. mentary of the people. Preachers and Sun- A new, intensely moving book of mem- Cloth, $2.50 day School teachers will find it a rich mine. In any Christian home it will enrich the ories and reflections of Gipsy Smith, cov- The Progress ering a period of more than twenty-five of World-Wide Missions years. B family devotions, answer the children's y Dr. Robert H. Glover questions, and stimulate the study of the Price, $3.00 "A fascinating story of the experiences Bible. PInrotesrenaantidoPnaoleEticnaclyQcluoopteadtiiaonosf and observations of one of the greatest An accurate. up-to-date, exhaustive living evangelists."-Watchman-Examiner. survey of the mission fields of the world. The one complete and authoritative refer- $2.00 Why Believe It? ' ence and textbook for schools, colleges, and By William S. Walsh P,erson By DelalJa12 L• popular study groups. on This valuable book is not restricted to the history of missions. the religious field, but contains selections Cloth, $2.50 from the literature of the world, ancient Bible teachers and Gospel ministers, however advanced in knowledge. will find Study Bible and modern. classic and popular. A masthe atmosphere of these pages bracing and sive volume arranged for quick reference.

sustaining to an intelligent and trium- Scofield Referenu Net, $3.00 phant Christian faith. Anyone who reads these chapters attentively will know what Edition Webstees CoIIegiate Dictionary the Christian faith is, and what the Chris- The type used in the New Fourth Edition. 1930 censuS fig- smaller edition Scofield is tian life based on New Testament teaching clear and black face, af- ureS. An excellent abridged dictionary fording a volume that MshoaunldybIen. fal1.tble P Cloth, $1.50 may be read with comfort, based upon Vebster's New International f yet compact in size. Con- Dictionary. 106.000 vocabulary terms, roo s including hundreds of new words, with tains full Scofield notes, By Arthur T. Pierson genuine leather binding, definitions, spellings, pronunciations, and printed on Oxford India The teachings of the Bible are so im- paper, size 7 x 4% X 1%6 use of words; a dictionary of biography; inches. No. 57X. Reg- [lortant that it is one of our first duties to ular price, $9.00. a gazetteer; Scottish glossary; vocabu- attain a certainty of conviction as to the Special, $7.50 lary of rimes; rules of punctuation, use .iivine origin of the Holy Scriptures. and of capitals. foreign words and phrases, ab- the divine character and mission of Jesus breviations, etc. Many other features of Christ. This valuable study weighs the practical value. 1,268 pages, 1.700 illus- Evidences of Christianity which establish trations. Cloth, $5.00 OFFER GOOD ONLY UNTIL DECEMBER 2S, 1933 ACT NOW. BEGIN TO SECURE SUBSCRIPTIONS Subscription Department Harrisburg, Penna.

Third and Reily Sts. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1933

1933

What Is New in China? c. B. Rape Christ Liberating India's Outcastes JamesF. Edwards On the Edge of a Great Closed Land Arthur Ward Our Attitude Toward Non-Christian Religions Robert E. Speer A Message from the African Jungles Janet Miller The Situation in Latin America Samuel Guy Inman

MISSIONARY REVIEW 1,180,000 Bibles Placed by May 24-29-Northern Baptist Con-

OF THE WORLD vention, Annual Meeting. Wash- THE GIDEONS ington, D. C. DELAVAN PIERSON, Editor in Hotel Bedrooms for the VOL. LVI APRIL, 1933 No.4 Personal Items o Benefit of Those Who Travel PAGE You are invited ~~. have a part in this Dr. E. Stanley Jones of India has important work by sending a contribu" recently returned to America and is Frontispiece-Speakers at the tion to the Bible Fund. $1.00 will place to join in a series of interdenomina- a Bible. tional missionary rallies in important Florida Chain of Mission- centers in New Jersey, New York, ary Assemblies Eligibility for Membership Pennsylvania and Ohio. Later he will speak on the Pacific coast. Topics of the Times …….. 171 The field of the work having now sur· rounded the globe, has caused the open. China Grows by Tribulation ing of membership to "Strong Drink Is Raging" All Christian Business Men Florida Missionary Assemblies Interdenominational Missionary THE GIDEON MAGAZINE. $1.00 per year. Write for particulars to *** Meetings Harlan Page Beaoh THE GIDEONS Dr. Basil Mathews began his work as lecturer at Boston University The True Christian Attitude The Christian Commucial TTatleleTS~ School of Theology on February 1. Association of America, InteTnational He is delivering three lectures each Toward Non-Christian Re- week on "Christ and the World-Conligions ……………… 175 202 So. State Street Chicago, IlIinoi. flict of Values," dealing especially with By Dr. Robert E. Spoor Dates to Remember the Laymen's report.

On the Edge of a Great April 18-19-Editorial Council of the Religious Press. Washington, D. C. Closed Land …………. 185 April 19-21-Federal Council Confer- By the Right Rev. Arthur Ward ence on Evangelism, Pittsburgh, *** Pa. Christ Liberating India's Out- The Rev. E. M. Cable, D.D., procastes ………………. 189 April 19 to May 30-United Mission- ary Meetings in sixteen centers. By the Rev. James F. Edwards (See Topics of the Times.) fessor in Union Methodist Theological When the Teacher's House May 9-General Conference of the Seminary, Seoul, Korea, is the author United Brethren in Christ. Akron, Was :Burned …………. 191 Ohio. of a new history of the Christian By the Rev. Glenn B.. Ogden May 16-22-Southern Baptist Conven- Church in Korea. * tion in Washington, D. C. What Is New in China t …. 193 •* May 17-General Council of the Re- By the Rev. C. B. Rape, B.Sc. formed Episcopal Church, Triennial Bishop Paul B. Kern of the Meth- Meeting. Germantown, Philadel- A Message from African phia, Pa.

Jungles …………….. 198 May 23-Joint meeting of Southern odist Episcopal Church, South, has re- Baptist Convention and Northern By Janet Miller, M.D. Baptist Convention in Washington, turned from Eastern Asia, to direct The Story of Kondyabai 199 D. C. the Kingdom Extension Campaign, By Mrs. F. E. G. Cowhud which has been projected to replenish South America-An Analogy 200 the depleted treasuries of the denomi- By the Rev. Alexander M. Allan nation. ••• The Situation in Latin Ameri- ca …………………. 201 By Samuel Guy Inman Dr. George F. Sutherland, assistant treasurer of the Board of Foreign J'ohn R. Mott: Missionary Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, has completed thirty years of to the World ………… 206 continuous service, which began when By Prof. Kenneth Scott Latou- he became a secretary of the Young People's Department. Dr. Sutherland rette, D.D. is president of the Board of Managers of the Missionary Education Move- Facing the Future in Home ment.

Missions ………… '… 209 *** By the Rev. William R. King, Rt. Rev. Robert Erskine Campbell, D.D., the Bishop of Liberia, is in D.D. America and reports that the Vice- President of Liberia, two members of Oasting Out a Demon in the Cabinet and two congressmen are native ministers of the Protestant Korea .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 211 Episcopal Church.

By Dr. George S. McCune A Continental View of the Laymen's Report …….. 213 By Dr. Julius Richter Effective Ways of Working. 215 Edited by Mrs. Estella S.

Aitchison. Granville. Ohio Women's Home Mission :Bul- letin ………………. 218 Edited by Miss Anne Seesholtz (Concluded on 3d cO'IJer.) World-Wide Outlook ……. 221 Our Missionary :Bookshelf .. 231 Publication and: Business Office ~ THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS ~ Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. DEPARTMENT OF ANNUITIES Editorial and Executive Office 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City YOUR GIFT NOW Entered as second-class matter at Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under WILL BRING TO YOU THE BLESSING Act of March 3, 1879. OF GIVING WHILE LIVING AND THE GUARANTEE OF THE BOARD OF FOREIGN 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year MISSIONS THAT YOU WILL HAVE AN Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. Published nwnthly-All rights re- INCOME FOR LIFE served. Copyrighted 1933 by the ERNEST F. HALL, Secretary IS6 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB· LISHING CO., INC. ~ PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S.A. ~ BOARD OF DIRECTORS ReBERT E. SPEER, President WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer DELAVAN L. PIEBSON, Secretary SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD WM. B. LIPPHARD ERIC M. NORTH MILTON T. STAUFFER A. L. WARNBHUIS SAMUEL M. ZWEMER

Chat

Look out for the coming numbers of Don't the REVIEW. They will include some stirring articles on the great move- LET YOUR INCOME ments in the missionary world, the tour of Dr. John A. MacKay in Latin Shrink! America, the questions raised by the Laymen's Appraisal and the mission AMERICAN you can avoid a shrinking study topic, "Christ in the Modern BIBLE income, as many others have done, by placing your money in World." SOCIETY Annuity Agreements of the American Bible Society. *** ~"'~NVITY t'r""- AGREEMENT An Annuity Agreement The United Missionary Meetings Committee which is planning a series GUARANTEEING is a legal contract in which the of union meetings in eighteen or twen- American Bible Society in return ty cities this spring has adopted the [~"'~,~I.a…~.) for a gift of money ($100 or REVIEW as the best magazine for the over) binds itself to pay to the general promotion of missiot ary in- OF holder (the holder being called terest in the home church. an annuitant) a specified sum $———————- every year as long as the annui- *** tant lives.

The Home Missions Council ap- These Annuity Agreements are pointed the following members to safe, because they are backed by serve on the Editorial Council of the the sound financial resources REVIEW for the ensuing year-Dr. and business management of a John McDowell, the Rev. Jay S. trust-worthy institution whose Stowell, Dr. Charles H. Sears and Dr. work is indispensable to the Christian enterprise and whose Wm. R. King. annuity program has stood the test for over 80 years. *** An easy-to-read booklet tells you Great encouragement comes from all about it – the rates you rethe fact that, while many enterprises ceive-how you help in making have been decreasing and many pe- the Scriptures widely available riodicals have been obliged to suspend around the earth-how a relapublication, the REVIEW has been in- tive Of friend may be included. creasing in circulation and prestige. There are reasons!

*** Here is what some of our readers say: "Let me express great appreciation of the splendid work you are doing on the REVIEW. Never has it been better than in these recent numbers."-John R. Mott, Chairman of the International Missionary Council.

* "I am delighted with the REVIEW and feel the present series of articles as fine and helpful as any ever published."-Mrs. H. B. Ada'llts, Bluffton, Ohio, Editor of the Women's Department of the Lutheran Standard.

* "The REVIEW is splendid! Mrs. Pea- body and Robert Speer are simply wonderful in their articles on the 'Appraisal of Foreign Missions.' "-Rev. E. R. MacKinney, Dodgeville, Wis.

"May I tell * how deeply you again we appreciate the REVIEW and the wonderful influence it has been to have so scholarly a magazine take so conservative a stand in every way. I have been president of Albany Pres- byterial for several years and always MAIL THIS COUPON TODAY glad of an opportunity to say a word r ;m:ri:':-Bibl;-;ocie;,- – – – – – – – – – – for the REVIEW."-Amy Brain Taylor (Mrs. Wan'en C.) Schenectady, N. Y. I Bible House, Astor Place, New York * I Please send me, without obligation, your booklet MR4 entitled "A Gift That Lives." "You have done the cause of missions in particular and evangelical re- I ligion in general a great service in I ""ame_ Denomination_________________ _ publishing Dr. Speer's article on the II Address —- Laymen's Report and also the excerpts J City…._…………………….._._………….___________________ State____…………….__._ I from various boards and missionary leaders in another part of this issue.

I am glad to know there is such a demand for it."-Rev. Carroll Verner, Union Ave. Methodist Church, South, Memphis, Tenn.

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C. B. RAPE JANET MILLER. M.D. DR. "SAM" HIGGINBOTTOM MRS. ETHEL CODY

CHINA AFRICA INDIA INDIA DEACONESS HARRIET BEDELL REV. JOHN McDOWELL, D.D. MRS. MINNIE K. L. KARNELL REV. WALTER L. LINGLE, D.D. NEW YORK ALASKA IMMIGRANTS EDUCATOR SOME OF THE SPEAKERS AT THE FLORIDA CHAIN OF MISSIONARY ASSEMBLIES REVIB ORLD AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS –~- .. –~~–~~– ~~~~~~~ VOLUME LVI APRIL, 1933 NUMBER FOUR Topics of the Times THE FLORIDA MISSIONARY ASSEMBLIES operation, headed by that effective missionary The missionary enterprise is not dying, and mis- le~der, Mrs..Henry W. Peabody, ably seconded by MISS B. LOUIse Woodford and local committees. sionary interest at home is not dead. '.l'here are A voluntary organization of women carried the many evidences of both these facts. Note the entire responsibility for the direction and there' are no paid executives or other large expenses. discussion aroused by the laymen's appraisal, the The small budget was entirely covered by the reg- istration fees. In every center the Protestant signs of awakening on the mission fields, the stir- churches, pastors, church members, organiza- tions, the press and the radio cooperated heartily. ring missionary assemblies held in Florida this The missionaries and leaders represented ten winter, and the plans for United Missionary Cam- denominations and ten different mission fields- Alaska, Africa, Brazil, Chile, India, Japan Perpaigns this spring and in the autumn. sia, Syria and the United States. A world view of missions and every type of missionary activity The Florida Chain of Missionary Assemblies was vividly and effectively pr~sented.* has recently completed a three weeks' program of As a method of spreading missionary informa- tion and quickening missionary interest, these very effective presentation in nine cities. The in- Assemblies take high rank for effectiveness and economy and the plan is worthy of study on the terest was genuine and widespread. part of agencies charged with promoting missions both at home and abroad. The opening meeting in each center was usually This Chain of Missionary Assemblies has been a banquet attended by leading representative resi- dents and visitors. The attendance in each place grew from the first and the daily press gave gen- erous space to the Assemblies. Local civic clubs and schools also cordially welcomed the mission- ary representatives.

It is noteworthy that in a year of financial de- pression the paid registrations numbered 4~o3u1n1~ fr?m thirty-eight states and eight foreign trIes. One third of those registering were non- successfully conducted, based on the following residents of Florida and the number was 356 more convictions: than in the preceding year. The reach of these First, that missions both at home and abroad Assemblies was thus interdenominational and al- can be carried only through actual evangelistic most national in its character. The widespread missionary service; activity is indicated by the fact that 616 addresses Second, that this missionary service can be car- ?n missions were delivered, ninety-nine of them ried only by men and women who incarnate the III churches, and ninety-one in schools, besides missionary spirit and who believe in the mission- ary message as given to us by Jesus Christ and many at luncheons, over the radio, at fothruemps~balnidc recorded in the New Testament; at civic clubs. The eagerness of schools and civic clubs to hear the missionaries Third, that the missionary spirit can be created was most encouraging so that thousands of boys and fostered only through the dissemination of and girls, as well as men and women, heard power- actual missionary information and experience. ful missionary messages who would not have Founded on such convictions we are not sur- heard them through ordinary channels. Without • and ADmr.onRgoythael Jfo. reDigyne mofisAsi:ofnriacray; sDpera. kLer. s Mw. erBeraDtcr.heJranoeft BMraizllielr doubt both missions and missionarI'es took on a ne.w .meaning for many I'n FlorI'da durI' ng these JR~ecvo.bCD. aBv. idRaopfe PoefrsCiahiannad; DMri.ssanBdlanMcrhse. WS':mPuHrivgigsinobf oCtthomile''OfRIenv~' mISsIonary assemblies. They were a splendid dm. Home missions were presented by Dr. John McDoweII of demonstratI'On of ChrI'stI'an unI'ty and effectI've CO- HNeawrri.eYtorBk,edDeIrI. oWf aAltelarskLa. LanindgleMrosf. DMaivnindiseonKaCronIeIlelg, e;repDreeasceonntiensgs work for Immigrants.

[171 ]

prised that these Assemblies have grown stronger crime. Then, after years of education and agita- tion, the saloon and traffic in alcoholic drink was each year and have made clear throughout the outlawed. The saloon disappeared, distilleries and breweries were abandoned or converted to whole State of Florida that the missionary enter- better uses; as a result rescue missions found little need for their services, the wives and chilprise is not the Church's afterthought, it is dren of former drunkards enj oyed the benefit of wages spent on the family in place of in the sa- Christ's forethought; it is not secondary and op- loon, and the beneficial effects were felt in busi- ness, in education, in health and in happiness. But tional, it is primary and vital. Christ put it into the greed of dealers in strong drink was not sat- isfied. Many of them joined hands with the lawthe very heart of His Gospel. We cannot really less elements to regain their lost wealth and power. The youth were tempted and misled on see Him or know Him or love Him unless we the plea of personal liberty and by a desire for self-indulgence; specious arguments were used in know His ideal for us; that ideal is embodied in the press and on the platform to repeal the laws against the evil. The spread of disregard for all true missionary service. law, and the increasing financial depression, have turned the tide so that both houses of Congress The success of the Florida Missionary Assem- have voted to repeal the Eighteenth Amendment if two thirds of the states approve. It may be done. blies is due to the fact they were based on nourish- The majoritiy of the present generation knows little or nothing of the old days of the saloon. ment and not stimulants, and that from the be- They are misled. This is in spite of the fact that, before 1918, in many lines of industry and among ginning they put the emphasis on loyalty to railway employees, even moderate drinkers could not obtain employment. Today the use of the Christ, His missionary purpose and His mission- high-powered automobile is so general that a single glass of intoxicatin~ liquor may endanger ary program. JOHN McDoWELL. hundreds of lives. It is said that the tax on beer will fill the government treasury-but no one tells "STRONG DRINK IS RAGING" us who is to pay for the rivers of beer that must flow down human throats to supply the tax. Is In every land where intoxicants are manufac- the money to come again from wages that should tured and used for a beverage, they are a curse. furnish homes and food, clothing and health for It has been so since the days of Noah. It was so women and children? Are we to support the saamong the Hebrews when they were warned loons in place of schools, and dance halls in place against wine and strong drink that "stingeth like of churches? Is the money used for drink to help an adder." Strong characters may avoid excess fill hospitals and graveyards in place of replenishbut to the young and the weak alcohol brings a ing bank accounts? loss of self-control-in body, mind and moralsand the use of it endangers others. This has been What has all this to do with missions? so clearly recognized that wise parents have First, anything that affects the morals and striven to keep their children from strong drink; judgment of people is of vital concern to 'the enlightened governments have endeavored to pro- Christian program. Strong drink, that takes tect their wards-as in the case of the American away self-control and clear vision, is antagonistic Indians, the South Sea Islanders, and the Afri- to all that the Christian Church is doing to build cans. This liquid fire and poison have been the up the Kingdom of God and to bring in the control cause of brawls and bloodshed, of disease and im- of Christ. moral revels, of accidents and death, of selfish Second, the spending of labor, materials and greed and inhuman cruelty wherever it has been money on a destructive, rather than a constructive used freely. Strong men and women have been enterprise, cannot fail to weaken the nation, the brought low by it; millions have been impover- Church, the school and the home. One cannot be ished and destroyed by this curse. It seems in- "drunk with wine, wherein is excess," and at the comprehensible that a nation like America, with same time "be filled with the Spirit" of God who its Christian heritage and culture, its prosperity in place of halucinations gives clear vision, for and ideals, should take a backward step by again false energy gives true strength, for abnormal acquiescing in the manufacture and general use animation offers true exhilaration. of this harmful beverage. For the sake of revenue Third, the manufacture and use of intoxicants and under the plea of personal liberty America seems about to sell her birthright for a mess of distilled or fermented drink.

Many governments have tried experiments in the suppression or control of the liquor traffic. Most of these measures have failed because of human greed for gold, because of individual desire for free indulgence of appetite, and because of faulty education and lack of Christian ideals. In the days before the Eighteenth Amendment was passed in the United States the saloon forces ruled politics and sapped the life of cities. Saloons flourished on the wages of the laborers and were closely linked with all forms of immortality and

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

has always been one of the greatest hindrances the rut of subsidization, though the kindness and to the spread of Christianity. Rum in the hold generosity of their fellow Christians abroad will and missionaries in the cabins of ships bound for always be remembered with gratitude. The Chi- Africa and the South Seas represented antagonis- nese Church must bear its own responsibility as tic forces. There is great need to spread tem- an expression of religious life.

perance and Christian ideals in all lands today The past year has witnessed many manifesta- rather than to give the forces of evil an opportu- tions of a strong evangelistic effort. Hundreds of nity to point to America as a land where the de- evangelistic bands have been formed by voluntary mon rum is again enthroned. workers as the result of a spiritual awakening Seven things are needed in the present crisis amongst Christians in many parts of China, to turn the tide: through the successful work of several Chinese evangelists. It is true that a great deal of this 1. A knowledge of facts. type of work was mixed with emotionalism, yet 2. No compromise with evil. one cannot deny that many who were cold are now 3. Repudiation of the lust of gold. on fire and those blind now see. The visit to China 4. Education and example to teach self-control of Dr. E. Stanley Jones was both timely and benand to show the evils of alcohol. eficial. He spent four months in China, from Au- 5. A greater respect for all laws that are in gust to December, conducting evangelistic meetharmony with the laws of God. ings in Mukden, Peiping, Tsinan, Nanking, Soo- 6. Acceptance of the Christian ideal of love chow, Shanghai, Ningpo, Hankow, Foochow, which works no ill to one's neighbor. Hongkong and Canton. Hundreds of Christian 7. The enthronement of Christ in all life. workers and nonChristian students listened to his CHINA GROWS BY TRIBULATIONS message with keen interest and many were spirit- ually helped. It is gratifying that the evangelistic Japanese aggression in Manchuria cuts deep in- consciousness is growing in the Chinese Church to the soul of the Chinese people. On the top of and we pray that this may spread.

this foreign invasion, flood and famine in Central For some time a rebellious and revolutionary and Northwest China, civil wars in Shantung and spirit was much in evidence among the youth of Szechwan Provinces, and warfare against com- China politically and socially, as well as reli- munism have greatly intensified national distress. giously. There was a tendency against the Chris- All this has its due effect upon religion. Doubts tian Church. Many rather prefer to form small of the reality of God and the practicability of the groups and fellowships for service than identify- Christian ideal of love have been freely expressed. ing themselves with the organized Church. This On the other hand, many are driven to religion for state of affairs, if unremedied, would neither be peace and comfort. A large prayermeeting held helpful to the Church nor healthful to youth. We in Peiping by the Panchan Lama of Tibet was at- are happy to note indications of a changing atti- tended by 100,000 people, including influential tude which shows that both are drawing nearer men of the government. While people attended together. We see possibilities for the future work the meeting with mixed motives the desire for na- when the ripened experience of age and the dar- tional deliverance was also evident. The Chinese ing spirit of youth will work hand in hand for the are determined not to be defeated by adverse cir- common objective we have in view, namely the cumstances. Signs of life and growth in ways extension of the Kingdom of God in China.

more than one are traceable. They believe and The Five Year Movement held the attention of are heartened by such an ancient maxim as To the Church in the past year and in the work of nan hsing pang, meaning, "a nation grows by evangelism, religious education, christianizing the many tribulations !" home, the literary campaign, christianizing eco- The economic depression of the Western world nomic relations, the rural Church, youth and has its effect upon the work in China. Mission- Church, and true Christian stewardship, many ary societies have to take drastic measures in cut- churches are more than willing to adopt these as ting down expenses and curtailing work in the part of their church program. A reenforced en- mission fields. This has come upon the work in ergy and consecration and a double portion of the China so suddenly and drastically that the depend- Spirit of God is needed to strengthen hands and ent mission-churches find it extremely difficult to hearts to make the Five Year Movement a great adjust themselves. Some fields are abandoned, success. The present favorable opportunity in workers dismissed and activities discontinued. China for Christian service is so great that one This has caused momentary dislocation and be- shudders to think of retrenchment and retreat at wilderment. At the same time, we cannot but be such a time. CHENG CHING-YI, hopeful that this may prove to be a blessing in dis- Secretary of the National guise. Local churches must learn to get out of Christia,n Council of China.

INTERDENOMINATIONAL MISSIONARY ent world situation for the continued development MEETINGS of foreign missions."* The supreme needs of the Church of Christ to- HARLAN PAGE BEACH day, and of the whole missionary enterprise, are (1) information as to the true nature of Chris- A beautiful, luminous soul, a devoted Christian, tianity and the work of Protestant missions, and a loyal friend, an untiring and effective servant of (2) more whole-hearted devotion to Christ and Christ in world-wide missionary work, departed His cause, regardless of cost. There are many to his Eternal Home when Harlan Page Beach earnest Christians who are still uninformed as to entered into rest from his Florida home on March the actual condition of men without Christ and 4. Professor Beach was in his seventy-ninth year, the true results of missionary work. Other nomi- having been born in South Orange, New Jersey, nal Christians are uninterested because they are on April 4, 1854. He was for fifteen years a faithunsympathetic with the sacrificial and world-wide ful and efficient member of the Board of Directors program given to the Church by Jesus Christ. of The Missionary Review Publishing Company The Laymen's Appraisal Report has been given and for some time edited the World-wide News such publicity that foreign missions have become section of the REVIEW.

"front page matter" and a general topic of con- Dr. Beach was graduated from Phillips Acad- versation. But many who discuss the subject are emy, Andover, in 1874, and from Yale College in uninformed as to what it is really about. The 1878. After teaching for two years at Phillips Florida Chain of Missionary Assemblies have Academy he was graduated from Andover Theo- demonstrated the fact that missions can be pre- logical Seminary and from 1883 to 1890 was a sented unitedly, without denominational prefer- missionary of the American Board in North ence, so as to educate and inspire all who come to China. He showed extraordinary ability in mas- the meetings. Now the Foreign Missions Confer- tering the Chinese language but was obliged to re- ence of North America is planning a series of in- turn to America on account of his wife's health terdenominational meetings, with outstanding and from 1892 to 1895 he taught at the School for missionary speakers, to bring this all important Christian Workers in Springfield, Massachusetts.

and inspiring subjeCt to the Christians of many Later he became educational secretary of the Stu- large centers. There has been great need for this dent Volunteer Movement and exerted a wide in- since the decease of the interdenominational Lay- fluence on missionary education as one of the men's Missionary Movement, the Men and Re- originators of the series of books on missionary ligions Movement and the Interchurch World countries. He was the author of many useful vol- Movement. umes, including "The Cross in the Land of the The first of these new promotional, united mis- Trident," "The Knights of the Labarum," "Dawn sionary gatherings, will be held between Easter on the Hills of Tang," "Princely Men of the Heavand June 1. (April 18 to May 30.) The leading enly Kingdom," "Renaissant Latin America," and speakers will be Dr. E. Stanley Jones, the well "The Geography and Atlas of Protestant Misknown Methodist missionary who has recently sions." He was the co-author of the "Encyclopeconducted a four months' campaign in China, dia of Missions," the "World Atlas of Christian and Dr. Sam Higginbottom, the Presbyterian mis- Missions," and "World Statistics of Christian Missionary whose work for poverty-stricken, sinning sions." and suffering India has made him famous, Dr. S. G. Inman of Latin America and others. These Prof. Beach was the first incumbent of the D. meetings will begin (for religious editors!) in Willis James Professorship of Christian Missions Washington, D. C., on April 18 and will then pass at Yale University in 1906 and initiated the first on to Brooklyn, Newark, Trenton, Philadelphia, department of Christian missions at any seat of Baltimore, Wilmington, Reading, Harrisburg, El- learning in the world. mira, Binghamton, Albany, Utica, Syracuse, Buffalo and Erie. Next autumn the plan is to use a Later, in 1920, he became lecturer on missions similar program in other cities in the middle at the Drew Theological Seminary, in Madison, West. Conferences will be held with pastors, lay- N. J., where he continued until 1928. men, women and young people. The purpose of this united effort is "To cooperate with the local Professor Beach, who was a Fellow of the Royal churches and all other Christian agencies in pre- Geographical Society, rendered a great service to senting anew our own and the world's need of the cause of Christian Missions by his sane, well- informed lectures and writings on many phases of the work. He was a wise counselor and a living thesaurus on Christian Missions.

Christ, the wealth of our resources for life in Him, * Further information as to dates, speakers, chairmen of local committees and other data can be obtained by writing to Dr. A. L. and the call of God and the challenge of the pres- Warnshljis, 419 Fourth Ave .. New York.

True Christian Attitude

Non..Christian Religions* By ROBERT E. SPEER, New York l!J..- -"~ Author of "The Finality of Jesus Christ",. Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

T HIS is a living question for Christian mis- gion. It is often asserted that each religion has sions abroad and for the Christian Church something to contribute, to the common stock, but at home. If we hold the apostolic faith with when it is asked what the non-Christian religi()ns regard to Christ as Lord and Saviour and God, have to contribute the answer almost invariably our only -Mediator and Redeemer, what should is in terms not of some element of the religion but our attitude be today toward non-Christian reli- in some quality of the race. There is not in any gions? Between those who hold this primitive non-Christian religion a single truth or element Christian faith and those who do not, there will of truth that is not in Christ, but there are in inevitably be divergent answers to this question. each race qualities which other races lack, which But even among Christian believers who are it has to bring to Christ for His consecrating use.

united in their loyalty to Jesus Christ as Lord, The moral qualities which our Lord exalted in and in their faith in His sole supremacy there is the Beatitudes in the Sermon on the Mount are great difficulty either in finding or in stating, or not monopolized by anyone race. When it is said in both finding and stating, a common view. accordingly that the West has a great deal to At the outset we should make some distinctions learn from the East, the statement is untrue with which are too often overlooked, with a good deal regard to the Christianity of the New Testament.

of resultant confusion. It has nothing to learn from any non-Christian First, between religion and race.-Too often religion. But it is profoundly true as regards the these are deliberately or thoughtlessly identified. West, and of each human race, with regard to Some hold a view of religion which regards it as every other human race and of the Christian only a racial product or expression. Each race, Church. We need the help of all. But it is the it is held, develops its own religion, the religion races that are to help us, not their religions, and best suited to its own character and needs. It is it is the races as influenced by Christ.

not religion that forms a race. It is the race that Religion and Culture forms its religion. A second distinction which must be made is be- Without stopping to examine this view, as to tween religion and culture or civilization. The how far it is true, or whether it is true at all, it mistake is often made of conceiving the missionis enough to say that it is obviously untrue and ary enterprise as an interchange of cultures, and impossible as regards primitive Christianity. The its problems as the problems of "contacts with Jewish race did not produce that. It rejected and non-Christian cultures." The assumption usually renounced it and does so to this day. Whatever is that Christianity is Christian culture and that influences shaped the Christianity of the third the non-Christian cultures are the non-Christian century and of Greek and Roman Catholicism did religions. Culture and religion are not identical not create the original faith in Jesus Christ, the terms. No careful and true definition of either God-man, our Lord and Saviour. That faith was will allow their identification unless "religion" is "to the Jews a stumbling block and to the Greeks used to cover everything and so loses all definifoolishness." Still less is this Christianity the tion whatsoever. No warrant can be found in creation of the Anglo-Saxon race or of any Euro- literature for this confusing present-day usage. pean or Western race. To introduce into the problem of comparative Religion and race must be distinguished also in religion the whole vast field of civilization and our judgments in the field of comparative reli- culture is to create hopeless confusion. Weare — not comparing cultures, civilizations, sciences and maretnS.t We are comparI.ng re1I"glOns, the New Testa- * This article is a much abbreviated section of the last chapter concept·Ion f Chrl.st an d HI'S meanI.ng WI'th of a book entitled "The Finality of Jesus Christ," to be published 0 tShtiosnespLreinctgurebsy fothre 19FRl2e-m~i~ngat HP. rinReeevteolnl TChoemolpoagniyc,al eSmebmoidnyairnyg. the [ 175]

the actual religions of Buddhism, Hinduism or may misjudge a gentle spirit who loved the people Islam. Cultures and civilizations are indeed to and whom the people loved, by a severe record interchange and to enrich one another, and each and vice versa. And even if we judge a few inpeople has something to learn from others but no dividuals justly we cannot be sure whether they one has anything to give to Christ or any wealth were representative of the mass or exceptions to add to Him. to it.

Religions and Their Adherents And yet we are not left helpless. In each of the great mission fields there have been periodi- A third distinction must be drawn between re- cal conferences at which the collective mind found ligions and their adherents. The question of the expression and, preceded by the Liverpool and relations of Christianity to non-Christian systems Mildmay Conferences, there have been since 1900, is not the same as the question of the relations of international meetings at which the common drift Christian human beings to non-Christian human and the main variations from it were given utterbeings. One might think with disapproval and ance. I have made a careful study of the actual condemnation of some non-Christian system, or attitude of the missionary movement for the past of the untruths and evils sanctioned or sheltered hundred years as set forth in the discussions and in it, and yet think only with good will and kind- conclusions of the whole series of missionary conness and love of the men and women who adhere ferences at home and abroad from the first one to this system. There have been men who viewed in Calcutta in 1855 to the last one in Jerusalem the non-Christian religions with an intolerance in 1928. Such a study is an utter refutation of which was called bigotry who at the same time the view that foreign missions have been ignowon and held the hearts of the people of those re- rant of the non-Christian religions or harsh and ligions whom they loved with a passionate love. bigoted in attacking them. Most of what we have known about the non-Christian religions and their And let it be noted that the issue is not between sacred books in the past we have owed to missionforeign missions and the non-Christian religions. aries and in the main the missionary attitude to- The indigenous or national Christian Churches ward these religions has been in fact the attitude are even more intimately involved. It is a matter which will be set forth here. That attitude is of life and death to them, of the validity or in- briefly expressed in the statement which Princivalidity of their very existence. If the non-Chris- pal Cairns, made at Edinburgh in 1910 in pretian religions are adequate and entitled to possess senting the Report of the Commission on the the field then these Churches are illegitimate and Christian Message: represent a species of disloyalty and treason. The chief burden in this comparison falls on them, There are two very notable points in the evidence and on foreign missions with them, for two rea- which may be noticed in this place. The first of these sons-first because foreign missions are identi- is the practically universal testimony that the true atfied with them in spirit and purpose and second titude of the Christian missionary to the non-Chrisbecause foreign missions are the fruitage and the tian religions should be one 'of true understanding trustee of that view of Christ and the Gospel and, as far as possible, of sympathy. That there are which alone can produce the missionary enter- elements in all these religions which lie outside the prise and which alone can perpetuate Christian- possibility of .sympathy is, of course, recognized, and ity at home. The whole issue indeed is an issue that in some forms of religion the evil is appalling is for Christianity here. If Christianity is not such also clear. But nothing is more remarkable than the a religion that every man needs it, then no man agreement that the true method is that of knowledge needs to pay any attention to it. and charity, that the missionary should seek for the nobler elements in the non-Christian religions and use With these distinctions as far as possible in them as steps to higher things, that in fact all these mind, though it will be difficult not to forget religions without exception disclose elemental needs them, let us proceed with our inquiry. What is of the human soul which Christianity alone can satthe true Christian view of the non-Christian re- isfy, and that in their higher forms they plainly maniligions and of the right attitude to them? It is fest the working of the Spirit of God. On all hands often said that there has been a great change in the merely iconoclastic attitude is condemned as radithe Christian enterprise in this regard since the cally unwise and unjust. days of Carey and Duff at the beginning of the modern era, that the missionaries of those days But, along with this generous recognition of all that regarded the non-Christian religions as unquali- is true and good in these religions, there goes also fiedly evil and that their preaching was destruc- the universal and emphatic witness to the absolutetive and controversial. A just comparative judg- ness of the Christian faith. Superficial criticism ment is perhaps beyond our power. We know might say that these two attitudes are incompatible, something of the mind and method of outstand- that if Christianity alone is true and final, all other ing individuals but even this may mislead us. We religions must be false, and that as falsehoods they should be denounced as such.

Against that criticism we may, in the first place,

THE TRUE CHRISTIAN ATTITUDE TOWARD NON-CHRISTIAN RELIGIONS

set the massive fact that the great weight of evi- have historical and academic interest, but it ha,s dence before us shows that these witnesses do not feel ceased to have the same practical importance in mis- this contradiction. sionary work as it used to have up to twenty or even Deeper consideration of the facts indeed leads us ten years ago. We must realize that the frontier of to the conviction that it is precisely because of the our missionary enterprise has changed, and with it strength of their conviction as to the absoluteness of we must also change the old tactics. Too much praise Christianity that our correspondents find it possible cannot be given to the growth in the study of com- to take this more generous view of the non-Christian parative religions in the missionary training centers religions. They know that in Christ they have what of the West. Thus prepared the missionary move- meets the whole range of human need, and therefore ment has been enabled to deal with the non-Christian they value all that reveals that need, however imper- more effectively. It is partly due to the educational fect the revelation may be. activities of the Christian movement that the other This very charity and tolerance, on the 'other hand, religions a"e losing the grip they had in non-Christian makes more impressive the agreement as to the abso- lands. While Christianity is making inroads into luteness and finality of Christ. Nowhere is the slight- these religions from one side, these religions are suf- est support found for the idea that Christianity is fering a great deal more in the rear from a group of only one religion among others, or that all religions new enemies, who have advanced so far into their ter- are simply different ways of seeking the one Father, ritory, that, for all practical purposes, Christianity and are therefore equally pleasing in His sight. One must ignore the incapacitated older religions and massive conviction animates the whole evidence, that think of its frontier work in terms of what it will Jesus Christ fulfills and supersedes all other religions, have to do with these same new forces: scientific and that the day is approaching when to Him every agnosticism, materialistic determinism, political fas- knee shall bow and every tongue confess that He is cism, and moral iconoclasm.

Lord to the glory of God the Father. (Edinburgh There are others who believe that the non- Conference Report, Vol. IV, pp. 267, 268.) Christian religions are doomed who would, never- theless, not ignore them. Dr. Robert A. Hume of Instead, however, of falling back on this state- India took this view. "Hinduism is doomed," he ment, which did not prevent the Jerusalem Coun- says in "An Interpretation of India's Religious cil from making a fresh approach in the light of History" (p. 177). But he wisely urges that we new conditions, let us set ourselves to answer for should thoroughly understand even doomed reliour own minds today.

Shall We Ignore Non-Christian Religions? gions in order to help to disentangle the good from the evil and bring it to Christ for His conservancy 1. Shall we simply go on our own way and pro- and fulfillment. But the doom of great religions claim the Gospel, paying no attention to non- seems still to be some distance away. Great Christian religions-either to their evil or to their masses of their adherents, especially women, have good? This would seem to be Karl Barth's idea been but slightly affected by the mighty tides of of our right course. He contends that we must change on which these religions are borne. Connot throw out bridges toward ot}:ler religions. The fucianism, indeed, as a religion may now be igwhole future of Christianity is bound up with nored, as Professor Hung asserts, but Hinduism what some call narrowness. He says: and Buddhism and Islam are far from disintegra- tion. But whether far or near, the course which Let the Christian Church with its message of the Barth suggests is a simple impossibility. We are One and Only God and of His mercy toward lost man, not preaching Christ in vacuo or an impersonal go on its way and proclaim the Gospel amidst other system in the midst of similar systems. Weare religions, no matter what their name, regardless of preaching Him to men and women. The preachwhat may happen, without yielding to their demons ing is conditioned at both ends-by us who carry even so much as a little finger. Christianity is some- it and by those to whom it is to be borne. It thing totally different from all the philosophies and all the other isms. (Quoted in The Sunday School Times, July 9, 1932, p. 365.) must be preached to them and with reference to Some advocate this course because they believe them and it is not fully preached until it reaches that the non-Christian religions are doomed, if them and relates them to Christ for themselves not already moribund and that it is waste energy as we ought to be related to Him for ourselves. to give any heed to them. William Hung of Yen- It is not our Christ that we are to give them. It ching University set forth this view in a striking is Christ who is greater than ours or theirs beletter which was read at the meeting of the J e- cause He is ours and theirs and all men's. As rusalem Council: Paul grandly asserted, He is "the Head of every man" and the Saviour of all men. (1 Cor. 13: 3; It seems to me that we have arrived at a stage in 1 Tim. 2: 4.) the history of missions when it is no longer worth while for the missionary leaders to study the Chris- The attitude of Christianity cannot be an atti- tian approaches to Buddhism, Confucianism, etc. The tude of ignoring. It must be an attitude of in- scientific study of these non-Christian religions will telligent understanding and appreciative recogni-

tion of every possible point of human contact in as it stands it does not contemplate the making the realm of ideal and in the friendly and helpful of individual converts to Christianity even by relationships of common life and neighborliness. worthy motives.

(See Ellinwood, "Oriental Religions and Chris- Christians as Truth Seekers tianity," Ch. 1.) Shall We Perpetuate Them? As against these views surely the true view is that every man is bound to seek and follow truth 2. Shall we recognize the non-Christian reli- wherever it leads him, whatever it converts him gions as sister faiths, or if this relation is too from or converts him to; that if Christianity is close, then as kindred faiths only a little farther true it is true irrespective of the "Great Com- removed, and shall we seek to strengthen and per- mission" in any form, and must be offered in the petuate them, not seeking to detach or convert most persuasive way to every man, and that the their adherents but trying to make every Moslem duty of so offering it is created not by any com- whom we can influence a better Moslem and every mand but by the very nature of the Christian Buddhist a better Buddhist? The general princi- faith; that Christianity is itself one of the an- ple underlying the view involved in such a ques- cestral faiths of India, the third in the number tion we have already considered. The whole con- of its adherents and already long established in tention is that, in the light of these investigations India before ever Mohammed arose in Arabia which we have been pursuing in the preceding (Stewart, "Nestorian Missionary Enterprise,"

lectures, Christianity must unequivocally reject Ch. V), and older than most of the Hindu schools this principle. But three considerations are often of the present day; that truth is truth, whether urged today against conversions to Christianity it be religious or political or mathematical or or "proselytism" as it is opprobriously called, other, and has its own right as truth, and that which it will be well to examine. First, it is said there is no less warrant for trying to convert men to be morally wrong. Second, it _is pronounced to the truth of God in Christ than for trying to psychologically wrong. And third, it is deemed convert them to the political and social ideas of unwise even in the interest of the ultimate suc- which Mr. Gandhi is so devoted an evangelist; cess of Christianity. though oddly enough if it is wrong to convert peo- First, it is said to be morally wrong. For a ple, it must be wrong to try to convert to a conlong time Judaism has protested against it, some- trary view those who deeply believe in convertimes because of the methods used but often on sion; and lastly that this view would freeze all the basis of principle. And Mr. Gandhi has put human progress. None of the present religions the protest in the plainest form. Writing in his could ever have arisen, for each had a beginning paper, Young India, in April, 1931, he said: and could not have begun if it had not broken in a real sense with the past. There are methods Every nation considers its own faith to be as good and motives of conversion which may be wrong as that of any other. Certainly the great faiths held but conversion itself is not wrong. To change by the people of India are adequate for her people. from error to truth is the clear and obvious duty India stands in no need of conversion from one faith to another. . . . I do not seek to convert anybody to of every man and every society and every religion.

my faith…. Though my conviction is strong enough But, secondly, conversion from one religion to in me for me to die for that conviction, that force does not carry me to the goal of believing that the another is said to be psychologically wrong. same thing -should be believed by my fellow men. I There is, without doubt, a grave and difficult probknow what God wishes for me, but I am not so pre- lem involved in this matter of a transfer of resumptuous as to believe that I know what God wishes ligious faith and loyalty without loss of right for others. . . . I do not say "no religious teaching": reverence toward the past. Wise missionaries bring a man up to the highest light his own faith have always felt this. "When a young man stands has to give him. . . . I do not want you to get India forth to become a Christian," writes a discerning to change her faith…. The idea of converting peo- young missionary, "whether he will or no he ple to one's faith by speech and writings, by appeal usually finds himself separated from his own peo- to reason and emotion and by suggesting that the faith ple and hence from his own religious, moral and of his forefathers is a bad faith, in my opinion, limits cultural background. Of course this is neither the possibilities of serving humanity. (The Indian ideal nor best, except in part. For to isolate a Witness, Dec. 24, 1931.) man from his cultural background is to tear the Mr. C. F. Andrews states his sympathy with roots of his life from their old soil and to unduly Mr. Gandhi. He expresses "immense relief" that expose them. But the forces making for this re- criticism has exscinded the last verses of the Gos- sult are many. There is, however, this practical pel of Mark with their form of "The Great Com- thing that we can do, and that is to give to the mission," and believes that there are doubts also young Christian a consciousness of the great, as to the form given in Matthew, and that taken noble and enduring heritage of the Christian

1!l33] THE TRUE CHRISTIAN ATTITUDE TOWARD NON-CHRISTIAN RELIGIONS 17!l

movement and to help him to make it his own." the spirit which lead to more distant, but to no less (Report letter, Rev. Paul J. Braisted, May 13, important results. I think more of Christ's own par- 1932, from Burma.) ables of the "leaven" penetrating the whole mass, and Professor Hocking had this in mind in saying "the seed growing secretly" as the symbols of the at Jerusalem that "no man's religion was sound spread of His Kingdom.

unless it was in some sense the religion of his This general leavening movement is truly tak- fathers." (Jerusalem Council Report, Vol. I, ing place all over the non-Christian world. And page 302.) And Dr. Willett has been so deeply it is thus, quite as much as through the winning influenced by it that he has gone so far as to say: of individuals into a separate Christian Church, "The best religious service which a Christian can that Sir Charles Trevelyan, who knew India well, render a Jew is to encourage him in loyalty to his thought its conversion would come. "Many per- ancestral faith. There is far greater value both sons," said he, "mistake the way in which the con- to the individual and to society [in this) … than version of India will be brought about. I believe in the transfer of men and women from the one it will take place at last wholesale, just as our confession to the other." (Art., "The Jews and own ancestors were converted. The country will Christians," in The Christian Union Quarterly, have Christian instruction diffused into it in Jan. 19, 1932.) every way by direct missionary education and in- This is not, of course, the New Testament posi- directly by books of various sorts, through the tion. Our Lord foresaw the breach between public papers, through conversation with Euro- Judaism and Christianity. "They shall put you peans, and in all the conceivable ways in which out of the synagogues," He told His disciples. knowledge is communicated. Then at last when "Yea, the hour cometh that whosoever killeth you society is completely saturated with Christian shall think that he offereth service unto God" knowledge and public opinion has taken a decided (John 16: 2). But He did not counsel them to turn that way, they will come over by thousands."

avoid this by any adjustment that would permit It may be so, but the enemy is at work also their remaining. The early Church sought a set- sowing tares; J aharwarlal Nehru and an increas- tlement with Judaism that would have avoided ing number like him believe neither in Hinduism, part at least of the rupture with the ancestral in- nor in Christianity; and many of the very men heritance. The Christian Church would do the in Japan, for example, who have left the old re- same today in Asia, but the same thing happens ligions and who declare that the nation must have now that happened at the beginning. The Chris- religion and that Christianity is the best for it, tian is cast out. And probably it is inevitable. are themselves stilI far away from its faith and Christ was not just another prophet. Christian- life.

ity was not a naturalistic development of Judaism. Greatly as Christianity rejoices in all this wide The Spread of Christianity and deep change, the duty of trying to win men and women to open and avowed faith in the Sav- Thirdly, the conversion and detachment of in- iour, and to membership in His visible Church is dividuals from other religions is disapproved in clear and undiminished. It is the right and duty the interest of the ultimate success of Christian- of Christianity to seek to convert individuals, by ity. It is argued that it should be allowed to work the Spirit of Christ.

as a leaven inside the old religions until the whole It is enough to reflect on what would have hap- mass is leavened. Mr. Bernard Lucas argued for pened to Christianity in the first or any subse- this view in "The Empire of Christ," and Mr. C. quent century if it had been content to lose itself F. Andrews set it forth with more recognition of as leaven in other religions and not sought at any the right and duty of individual conversion than cost to build Christ's Church.

in his latest statements in an article in The In- Shall We Amalgamate? terpreter, of October, 1909: I am led more and more, by my missionary experi- 3. If then, in the third place, we are not to ig- ence, to regard the conversion of India not as the nore the non-Christian religions, nor to protect aggregate of so many individual conversions but and perpetuate them, are we to effect some comrather as a gradual process of growth and change in bination or amalgamation between them and thought, idea, feeling, temperament, conduct-a proc- Christianity, or to provide a hospitable assimilaess which half creates and half reconstructs a truly tion or incorporation with Christianity? We be- Christian religious atmosphere, Indian at its best and lieve such a course is impossible. It would be an Christian at its best. In such an atmosphere once intolerable compromise of what must stand alone. formed, the spiritual growth of the countless millions There are vast human and ethical communities of India may go forward and fresh .fields of spiritual but there is no community and can be none invictory be won. This does not of course mean that I cease to believe in the conversion of the individual, volving Christ and God's deed for man in Christ.

but I seem to see other and more silent processes of "To many," as Professor James Pratt says, "the

exclusive attitude of the Christian missionary Shall We Attack Them?

may seem narrow," but it is the only possible 4. If we are not to ignore the non-Christian reattitude. ligions, nor to preserve and perpetuate them, nor If the missionaries -should agree to an amalgama- to merge with them, are we to attack and combat tion of Christianity with Hinduism, the Christian side them? Should we seek or seize opportunities to of the partnership would soon disappear in the ca- break them down? pacious maw of its ever hungry partner…. Christ In his "Life of Lord Lawrence," Bosworth would simply be added to the pantheon. . . . or He would be made an eleventh incarnation of Vishnu, and Smith relates that when the City of Delhi fell before many generations all that is distinctively Chris- during the Mutiny in 1858, some of Lord Lawtian would disappear from India as completely as Bud- rence's friends wrote to him, expressing the hope dhism did after Vishnu had swallowed Gautama…. that he would destroy the great mosque there. For most Indian theologians, whether Vaishnavite or In reply to this he wrote: "I will on no account any other school, there is little place for personal consent to it. We should carefully abstain from freedom, for genuine moral struggle and individual the destruction of religious edifices, either to fa- achievement, little place for virtue and sin as Chris- vor friends or to annoy foes." And when some tianity conceives them, little place in short for real in- of his intimate friends pointed out that to destroy dividuality and responsibility. And these are things the finest place of worship in the world would be which Christianity cannot give up without sacrificing felt as a blow to their religion by Mohammedans all that moral earnestness which is its life. everywhere, he jumped up from his seat, and slapping the foremost of them on his back, said, The Christian view of the Incarnation possesses "I'll tell you what it is: there are many things two inestimable advantages to which it must cling at you could persuade me to do, but you shall never any and every cost-the undoubted historicity of its persuade me to this." God-man, and the fact that in both His life and His teachings is to be found the supreme moral ideal.

("India and Its Faiths," p. 457f.) John Lawrence was a great Christian and And this supreme moral ideal is also the only surely he acted in this as a Christian should have Redeemer and Life-giver. Therefore Christian- acted in his place and office. The same principle ity cannot accept any view that equalizes or would deter any Christian from insulting or demerges religions. It is Christ the Light and Life. stroying a place or object of worship held dear It is here, as Forsyth says, not to improve men, or sacred. But there are practices and instituthough it alone can and will, but to pass them tions which must be combated-and often they from death to life. ("The Person and Place of are so related to religion that any attack on them Jesus Christ," p. 42.) is construed as an attack on religion. When it was proposed to abolish suttee in India, the cry But is there not a just and innocent assimila- was at once raised, "Our religion is in danger."

tion or transformation of other religions in their The movements against caste and child marriage relation to Christianity? Surely there is. All the and untouchability are regarded in the same way wholesome racial qualities which are involved, today by orthodox Hinduism.

sometimes impaired, often confused in the racial During Lord William Bentinck's Governor- religions are to be conserved, released, given a Generalship in India, by various enactments it new enfranchisement. All the truth is to be rec- became penal (1) for widows to be burnt alive ognized and secured in a richer and ampler home. on their husband's funeral pyres, (2) to murder Even old names may be carried on and old festi- parents by drowning, or exposure, or burial alive, vals, when they become nothing but names and (3) to murder children by leaving them on the forms and are filled only with the content of river bank to be the prey of crocodiles, (4) to en- Christ and His truth. We are not troubled in courage devotees to destroy themselves under the Christendom by the preservation of the names of wheels of idol-cars, (5) to promote voluntary tor- heathen gods in our names of the months of the ture by hook-swinging, or (6) to offer human sac- year and the days of the week or in Easter. Nor rifices, although all those crimes were done in the are some of the great festivals of the Christian name of religion (Stock, "History of the Church year less Christian because they once were not Missionary Society," Vol. I, p. 293).' And all of Christ's and are now His alone. these enactments were regarded as attacks on re- At the same time Christianity must be cease- ligion and were met by the cry, as Mr. Gandhi's lessly on its guard and it should refuse every efforts for the untouchables are met today, "Hincompromising adjustment. All that man can ever duism is in danger." Were Carey and Duff wrong find in Christ is there to be found. But it is there in advocating them? Assuredly not.

only. And it is there now. Christianity cannot But does the Christian attitude go beyond this?

merge with other religions and as a religion it Dr. Frere, the present Bishop of Truro, raised cannot go into partnership with other religions. seriously at the Edinburgh Conference in 1910

THE TRUE CHRISTIAN ATTITUDE TOWARD NON-CHRISTIAN ~ELIGIONS

the question whether at times it should not do so, reasoning with the thoughtful and intelligent, it whether in dealing with heathenism a policy of would seem the one plan of winning the way to aggressive affront to idolatry was not warranted, their conviction and acceptance of the Divine. although he recognized that while medieval mis- faith to appeal to these primal truths, and sionaries sometimes pursued this course, uni- through the expansion and full development of formly in his opinion, nevertheless "in Rome them, to dislodge and shake off the mass of error itself the heathen temples were preserved-cau- with which they are encrusted. It would seem tiously, carefully and decently preserved-nor the way to conciliate prejudice, and break down was it until the middle of the sixth century that that posture of antagonism which the mind natuthere was any conversion made of a heathen tem- rally assumes, when its faith is directly assailed." ple into a Christian church." (Edinburgh Con- But this is all to the supreme end of leading on ference Report, Vol. IX, p. 190.) from these points of contact to the one essential thing-Christ and the gift of God in Him to man. Perhaps our answer today is not so difficult because so many other forces are engaged in the Professor Oscar M. Buck of Drew University work of destruction. Professor Hung of Yen- made the matter very clear in his address at the ching referred to these, and Mr. Macmurray of North America Foreign Missions Conference in Baliol described them in striking words in his 1930: "You and I must show forth Christ where paper for Jerusalem. He is different from the non-Christian faiths, not merely where He is similar. I feel that we have These religions are going to be smashed anyhow, stopped too easily at the similarities and drawn perhaps not quickly, but surely, and what is going to up much of our technique from that point of view. do it-indeed is already doing it-is modern science, We have not remembered that similarities give us modern commerce, and modern political organization. only our contact; they do not furnish our impact. These are the things that the East wants from us; Similarities never convert, only contrasts do that. and on the whole it does not want our Christianity. Conversion for the sincere non-Christian is not a It will have them and they will destroy its religions, matching, but an exchange, not an easy transiits customs, and its social organizations. It doesn't tion, but a transformation." seem to me to be really worth while to attempt to save from the wreck what seems to us good and valuable Christianity does not go out into the world in the 'older non-Christian civilizations. Why all this merely to carry to men truth they already possess arch~ologism ? When the old systems of life have be- or to confirm that truth. It is true that that truth come a mere memory-as Rome and Greece have for requires Christianity to secure and complete it. us,-then all that is of permanent value in them will But in Jesus' bold language, He came not to call be ripe and available for educational purposes. At the the righteous but sinners to repentance (Mark moment the good and the bad are so thor{)ughly inter- 2: 17). There was perhaps an irony in His twined, so unified in a common concrete way of life, words. He did not say how many righteous there that the destruction of the system must precede the were. And thus He goes abroad today. The comrescue of its valuable elements. mon truth is only the starting point and it may be exaggerated and misused to frustrate the Chris- Christianity's mission may truthfully be de- tian mission. scribed in terms of salvation for individuals and salvage for whatever is good in their religions. There are three warning words which may well There are treasures of art and architecture and be cited. The first is Sir Henry Maine's, appliliterature associated with the non-Christian re- cable to the danger of coloring non-Christian ligions which belong to the wealth of mankind. ideas by interpretations which really misrepre- The forces which Hung and Macmurray describe sent them: "There is no greater delusion than are pitiless in their destruction of these treasures. to suppose that you weaken an error by giving it One reason why Christianity ought at once to pos- the color of truth. On the contrary you give it sess the earth is that these values may be saved pertinacity and vitality and greater power of where alone they can be preserved in safety,-in evil." Christ. Let me preface the two other words from Mr. The Recognition of Truth Edwyn F. Bevan and Mr. Macmurray. From his new Christian viewpoint Paul saw more clearly 5. It is pleasant to come to these more positive than the Jews the true spiritual values of their notes. It is part of the Christian attitude, the inheritance. Even so it is Christians who ought true attitude, to see and to stress all that it can to see and appreciate all true spiritual values find that is good and true. This is what we ought existing anywhere and glory in them. It is a hard to do because it is right. And we ought to do it question of fact, however, as to whether the exbecause the only wise beginning is to find com- altation of these values helps men and women to mon ground. Speaking of the primal truths which come to Christ. In many cases it has done so. are met, Anthony Grant in his Bampton Lectures They have been drawn to Christ by finding in long ago remarked with obvious sound sense: "In

Him the many things they prize most in their per- 17: 22-34; Mat. 13: 1-35; Cf. Heim, "The New fect fulness. But on the other hand there are men Divine Order," pp. 99f.) and women who come to Him for what they have Is There Fulfillment? never found or known even in part. For these Mr. Macmurray and Mr. Bevan in their papers 6. Once more, there are many who find in the for the Jerusalem Missionary Council set forth words "fulfill" and "complete" an expression of one aspect of missionary policy'. Mr. Bevan the true attitude of Christianity to the non-Chris- tian religions. The words appear again and again wrote: in our present-day discussions, and usually we let them pass without stopping to scrutinize them. One great question of principle is: How far should They rest back on our Lord's great saying in the we present to non-Christian peoples what in Christianity is like their own traditions; how far what is unlike? There is a tendency in some quarters to rec- Sermon on the Mount, "Think not that I came to ommend Christianity to the Indians by making it as destroy the law and the prophets: I came not to like Hinduism as possible. On the other hand, it is just the elements in Christianity which are unlike destroy but to fulfill" (Mat. 5: 7). anything else in Hinduism that Indians most need, as But have we adequately examined this idea of Tennyson said of his friend, fulfillment? Does it cover all the facts and the "He supplied my want the more necessities of them? Did Christ come to fulfill That his unlikeness fitted mine." what is evil or untrue? Must not any honest formula include destruction as well as fulfillment?

And Mr. Macmurray said: As Principal Hogg of Madras Christian College There is first a general danger in comparing Chris· says: "Let the missionary, it is said, present tianity with other religi'ons and picking out for em- Christianity as the fulfillment of Hinduism. This phasis what they have in comm'On. That is all right formula has the advantage of permitting Hindu in a university classro'Om, 'Or in merely historical.study. religion to be regarded not· as seeking only but As a basis of P'Olicy it seems t'O me t'O be gratuitously as partial finding: yet beyond this it has little weak. The essential questi'On is t'O disc'Over what practical helpfulness. To call the relation of Christianity has t'O give tD the world that nD other re- Christianity to Hinduism one of fulfillment may ligi'On can give-in any degree. The difference has tD be indeed permissible, but the description obbe 'One of kind. Unless Christianity is essentially and scures the fact that it fulfills by, at least parradically different frDm 'Other religi'Ons, unless there is tially, destroying." Archbishop Trench closed his some sense in which it is just right and they are just great lectures on "Christ, the Desire of the Nawr'Ong, then there isn't much tQ be said fQr the mis- si'Onary drive. tions," with a clear recognition of evil in the non- One 'Of the prQfQundest remarks which I have come Christian religions which has its terrible lesson across abQut religi'On is in CQllingwQQd's Speculum Mentis. He says that religiQn reached its climax in but which is not as evil to be fulfilled. It is to Christ; and in dQing S'O it ceased tQ be religi'On. Us- be wiped out, and to endure only as those exing religiQn in this sense-and it is the only sense in purgated sections of ancient books which reprewhich it can be used when 'One stUdies cQmparative re- sent Christ's destructive power and are "the ligiQn-he seems tQ me tQ be· just right. Much that trophies of the triumph of Christianity." Of the evil in the non-Christian religions it is absolutely belongs tD religion in this sense permeates what we right to use the words not "fulfill" and "leaven" call Christianity-b'Oth in dQctrine, in spiritual 'Outlook, and in 'Organization. And I have a convictiQn but conquer and destroy.

that the points which the various w'Orld religi'Ons have And our Lord's words are to be interpreted in in CQmmQn with Christianity are in large measure the the light of other similar words of His and of the P'Oints which are nQt specifically Christian, but merely facts of history. "I came not to judge the world, religiQus. but to save the world" (John 15: 47). And yet Here is the real lesson to be drawn from Paul's He said also, "For judgment came I into the sermon on Mars Hill. That sermon is made to world" (John 9: 39). "I judge no man, yea and bear too much when it is interpreted as a recog- if I judge, my judgment is true" (John 8: 15, nition of the equality of all religions or an ac- 16). "I have many things to speak and to judge knowledgment by Paul of the validity and ade- concerning you" (John 8: 26). He came indeed quacy of the Athenian acknowledgment of God. not to judge but to save. But His coming was a He begins, indeed, just as the wise preacher does judgment and by every contact and relationship today on common ground but he presses on at of His with men, men are judged. So also He once to the distinctive Christian message and the came to fulfill the law but He fulfilled the law by . e~plosion came with his first· reference to the superseding it. Where is it now? What disposed Resurrection, and the writer adds with a sorrow- of it? Christ destroyed it. And He is abroad to- ful touch, "Then Paul went out from among day to destroy as well as to fulfill,-to fulfill all them." It was not that the method failed. The goodness and righteousness and truth and to de- sower sowed wisely-but, alas! the soil! (Acts stroy, not to leaven or perfect, slavery, polygamy,

THE TRUE CHRISTIAN ATTITUDE TOWARD NON-CHRISTIAN RELIGIONS

child marriage, caste, temple prostitution, injus- It is clear that the word "sharing" can be used tice, greed and all the works of "the man of sin in the true Christian sense of making Christ that opposeth and exalteth himself against all available to all the world, but it is to be feared that is called God or that is worshipped so that that the word is sometimes used today with du- he sitteth in the temple of God, setting himself biety of meaning. If it means that Christians forth as God … him will God destroy" (2 Thes. are to go to all men with Christ and the New 2: 3-10; 1 Cor. 3: 17). Here there are no geo- Testament message of Christ and share this in- graphical or religious bounds. Jesus is abroad stead of monopolizing it or keeping it as their on this mission in East and West alike, in all re- own private possession, well and good. If it ligions and in all life. He came indeed to fulfill. means that the Christian Church in America, for But there was and is another side to His mission, example, is to share with the Christian Church equally true. The gentle John spoke of it with in China in the evangelization of China, in the unflinching words: "To this end was the son of common world task of Christianity, in the united God manifested, that he might destroy the works exploration of the riches of Christ and in the in- of the devil" (1 John 3: 8). terchange of what they have found in Him, also And even the very goods and truths of the non- well and good. But if it means that Christianity Christian religions which it may be said Christ and Hinduism, for example, are to share each is to fulfill must themselves be baptized and re- with the other what that other has not, then the deemed. Neither the good of any man nor the conception is contrary to the realities of truth.

good of any religion can stand in itself before the It is to be feared that many use the new phrase blazing light and holiness of Christ. The Conti- in the sense of the equalitarianism of religions.

nental delegates at the International Missionary In other cases it is used to offset or correct the Council in Jerusalem in their statement declared supposed claim of superiority involved in offering their "conviction that the most sublime and heart Christianity to the world as the absolute and final stirring elements in the non-Christian systems if or even as the best religion. Instead of giving they are to be ruled by Jesus Christ, have to be people the Gospel, we "share our experience."

converted and regenerated in order to come to But will not this be seen, as soon as the novelty their complete fulfillment." It is essential for us of the new word is worn off, to imply an even to see this. The non-Christian religions are not more objectionable superiority complex? The to develop naturally into Christianity. They are Gospel is something for which we claim no credit to humble themselves and to be regenerated as a at all. It came to us from Asia and we are only good deal of present-day Christianity must, and passing it on. But our own experience is a per- this is hard for the corporate pride of great sonal claim, and to make it our message o'pens systems. the way to a host of new dangers, and only in- Let there be no mistake. The values of the old creases the old ones from which we were seeking religions themselves and of modern Christianity, to escape. Furthermore is it psychologically pos- too, need conversion. They too must be washed sible to share experience? It can be reported in the blood of the Lamb, pass through the agony but it cannot be shared. To share means to part of the Cross and rise again in the Resurrection. among two, to divide, to possess in common. No But, it is said, this is the very imperialistic one else can possess my experience. He can have tone in Christianity which modern thought has one of his own but it cannot be mine. What each been doing its utmost to eliminate, in the attitude and both of us can do is to experience Christ.

of Christianity to the non-Christian religions. And Christ is what we have to share. He is only Well, there is a false imperialism which is ab- and all. There can be no counter or return from horrent to Christianity, and there is a true im- anyone else.

perialism which is inherent in it. Truth is abso- The Conquering Christ lutely imperialistic and despotic and it cannot be 8. So we come in the end to Christianity's beotherwise. And Jesus Christ is Master and Lord. gining. In the words of F. W. H. Myers' glorious Three times in the New Testament He is so called, poem on St. Paul: despotes or "Emperor" (2 Timothy 2: 21; 2 Peter 2: 1; Jude 4). And no disciple of His has Christ is the end as Christ was the beginning; any warrant to abate His imperial claim, the Christ the beginning, for the end is Christ.

claim of His grace and love, but also of His right And I do not see how we can answer our ques- tion, "What does Christianity propose with reand power. gard to the religions that exist in the world?" . Sharing Religion otherwise than Dr. William NeWton Clarke an- 7. Another word which has come into usage swered it.

with regard to the Christian attitude toward the The attitude of the religion that bears the name 'of non-Christian religions is "sharing." Jesus Christ is not one of compromise, but one of con-

flict and of conquest. It proposes to displace the Why is the word conquer not right and true?

other religions. The claim of Jeremiah is the claim Dr. John Henry Barrows did not hesitate to use of Christianity,-"The gods that have not made the it as the title of his Morse Lectures on returning heavens and the earth, they shall perish from the earth from India, "The Christian Conquest of Asia." and from under the heavens." The survival of the It is not the West conquering the East. It is not Creator, joyfully foreseen, is the ground of its con- even Christianity conquering Hinduism, Budfidence and its endeavor. Christianity thus under- dhism and Islam. It is Christ conquering human takes a long and laborious campaign, in which it must hearts. He has conquered our hearts, or to the experience various fortunes and learn patience from trials and delays; but the true state of the case must extent that He has not done so, they still need not be forgotten, namely, that Christianity sets out His conquest. We rejoice to be His disciples as for victory. The intention to conquer is characteristic our Master, and His subjects as our King. This of the Gospel. This was the aim of its youth when it is the true relationship of men to Him whether went forth among the religions that then surrounded it be men of Asia or men of Europe, men of Hinit, and with this aim it must enter any field in which duism or men of Christianity. old religions are encumbering the religious nature of man. It cannot conquer except in love, but in love it And this is our Christian message,-the suintends to conquer. It means to fill the world. ("A preme, solitary Saviour who has come forth by Study of Christian Missions," p. I07f.) conquering to save, and beside whom there is no Christianity rightly uses the word conquer. other. As Christina Rossetti wrote in her hymn Dr. Clarke Cuthbert Hall says the Christianiza- forty years ago: tion of the world "suggests the conservation of None other Lamb, none 'other Name, all there is in the non-Christian faiths and its None other Hope in heaven or earth or sea, purgation, reconstruction and consummation in the fullness that is Christ Jesus." ("The Uni- None other Hiding Place from guilt and shame, versal Elements of the Christian Religion," p. None beside Thee!

51.) But what is true does not need to be purged. My faith burns low, my hope burns low; It is what is false and evil. And what is false Only my heart's desire cries out in me, and evil needs to be more than purged. It needs to be conquered, driven out, destroyed. If the By the deep thunder of its want and woe, Cries out to Thee!

early missionary leaders spoke of the enterprise Lord, Thou art Life, though I be dead; as war it was, necessary and inevitable war, with Love's Fire Thou art, however cold I be: evil, with polytheism and idolatry. Nor heaven have I, nor place to lay my head, And Christians today who cannot be accused N or home, but Thee.

of bigotry or intolerance think and speak in- .

stinctively in the same terms. Albert Schweitzer It is Jesus Christ and Him only and Him alone, calls the encounter of the basic ideas of Brah- the Son of God and the Son of Man, the only Re- manism and Buddhism on the one side and of deemer, Saviour and Lord, to whom a crown was Christianity on the other a "battle." He and his given and who came forth conquering and to fellow missionaries fighting against darkness and conquer. On this rock the Christian Church stood death, disease and sin are the "advance guard of at the beginning. Here it has stood through all an army." Dr. J. H. Cotton comes home from the the ages. Here it must continue to stand. "Other Joseph Cook lectureship in India with the convic- foundation can no many lay than that is laid."

tion that "with the attitude of Hinduism, the Gos- From this foundation the Church of Christ, so pel of Christ with its urgent Gospel of redemption long as it is true to its message and its mission, can make no peace." whether at home or abroad, will never remove.

Amid the many things that have fallen apart in the secular world and in the world of religious thought, the Bible stands unshaken. That Word is still the "lamp unto our feet and the light unto our path." It is singular that, in a day of criticism against many expressions of religion, this Book of books is being read and studied with greater devotion by more people than ever before. Science, governments, and culture have not kept the world from chaos, but the Word of our God abides forever. More criticism has been directed toward it in the past generation than against all other books of religion, but not one shred. of truth has been found false. In this Book, God still speaks to man and man to God. Gilbraltar may go down before the waves of an angry sea, but the "Rock of Ages" has withstood every storm and stress. We may well still saturate our language with its vocabulary, our lives with its spirit, and our age with its teaching.-DR. JOSEPH R. SIZOO.

the Edge of a Great Closed Land*

By the RIGHT REV. ARTHUR WARD, London, England Bishop of tbe Moravian Church W EST of the Great Closed Land of Tibet bridge-builder came, a single tree, or, where lie several small territories, Tibetan in ponies had to pass, two or more trees side by side speech and in population, and Buddhist, across the chasm, formed a sufficient bridge. In or more correctly Lamaist, in religion. Part of the side valleys an enormous rope of twigs and these territories is under direct British rule, as grass is often the only means of crossing a river.

for instance La- :'~'~~~~'~"';JfQ~·~.q51l'f~~·UjQl ~·~·"tlI·~a·~~·nj'~~~·Q~-t' houl, in which lies the Moravian ~ Mission station ~~~'I:i~..q~'~1J} 1~~W~~~'~~~~ 1~~·~"'I·AI·ii~~i~SI'r,(·qr,~· of Kyelang. Part is under the Ma- ~~:c·~·~·~l;·.fInJ·U~J,;·~·~;r~~~~ '¥I'~~['a'!~~~'~~r:f34f(nrA1¥'~ I harajah of Kash- LlJh·~~·~~4I'~sr~~~·qa·~~~~ll!?~.,~J:r~Z:·~~~~~~~I¥~4J I mir, roughly the Indus Valley, in ~q~~~.tQ·~l~~·e'3~~~~~ilI(l';~~J ~~'~~~~;;rif~~1 11 which Leh and K hal a t s e are THE LORD'S PRAYER PRIXTED IX TlBETA:T found; part is The Iniss ion preHses in 'Vpst Himalaya are printing portions of the ScriptufPS under little ra- and the lll"issionaries distribute thenl, sending' thelll over tl1e border into Tibet.

jahs. Through a Where even that is lacking, he who would pass to the other side must trust himself to the inflated considerable hide of the yak and paddle across with hands and feet. There is no vehicle on wheels in the whole stretch nomads country except a hand-cart which a Christian ar- tisan made for himself in the town of Leh. wander with "Cloudless Ladak," of which Leh is the capital, their flocks and would be a desert, if man had not learned to use the streams to irrigate the sand and the silt that herds, who are Bl'nDHIST PRAYER-:flLL forms a delta at every place where a brook joins supposed to be its river. No rain can come from the north, and subject to some Inscribed with the nlost popular the monsoons that beat upon the southern face of ruler, but live prayer. Om…llani Pad1l1e hHH~, sup- the Himalayas, nourishing the marvelous vegetatheir own life in posed to mean "Oh, jewel in the lotus," tion of the lower levels, and covering the mounthe freedom of gvery turn of the "mill" is supposed tain-tops with snow, seldom send more than a to repeat the prayer; every repetition sprinkle of snow above that giant wall that of the prayer adds to the merit of the stretches more than a thousand miles across their one praying. path. The side valleys on the south are green to the edge of the snow, but the valleys between the mountain, valley, and plateau which nobody covets two mountain-chains are barren, except where man has made the desert fruitful by leading the and few ever see. water of the torrent along tiny channels to the places where he can make a field or a garden. A great part of this land of Western Tibet, or There he plants his apricot trees which supply him with fruit and oil, some willows and poplars Little Tibet, as it is sometimes called, lies be- for timber and fuel, and some barley for his chief food. His fires are mostly fed with dried dung, tween the two main ranges of the Himalayas and his cattle and ponies feed on chaff and such where the long sand valley, thousands of feet above sea-level, is guarded on either side by rocky mountains capped with eternal snows. The passes by which communication with the outside world is possible all lie more than 11,000 feet above the sea and are impassable in winter except along the Indus and the Sutlej Rivers. Through this route the dak-runners carry the mails at the risk of their lives through avalanche, torrent, and landslide.

The inland rivers have a regular tide; for, being fed by the mountain-snow, they rise with the ris- ing sun, and fall as it sets. Until the European . * Plates to illustra.te this article are loaned by The lIIoravian .Zf.'I-is- scant herbage as can be found on the mountain- /:l lO lwry, Bf'thlehem, Pa.

[ 185 ]

side. Where lowland animals would perish of the face of the demons which swarm everywhere hunger, they manage to pick up a livelihood. the sacred Buddhist formula: Om mani padme hum ("Oh Jewel in the lotus !"). Mani walls In such a country the population is necessarily are covered with the same words as a further sparse. It is further kept down by sending one safeguard. This spell is considered so powerful son from every home into a Lamaist monastery.

that it is printed millions of times on cotton or paper and wound round the spindles of barrels large and small, known as prayer-wheels, which whirl in the bed of a stream day and night, or are turned by the hand of priest or nun in the temple, or by the laity as they pass along the road, or sit by the wayside. As the prayer-wheel revolves, all the virtue of all the prayers it con- tains, is thought to add to the merit of him who turns it, or of the rich man who had it made.

Among these people the aim of life is to acquire merit; ,for by merit the position of every living thing is deter- mined in all the six spheres of exist- ence-among gods, titans, men, ani- mals, tortured souls, and denizens of BUDDHIST DEVIL DANCERS OF TIBET hell. By merit Buddha left the Wheel who assist in torturing souls of the departed. The Tibetan religion is one of fear of Life with its endless rebirths and from which missionaries al'~s t7e~~~I~~ If~dJ~~~SP~~;f8{.nto the light of God's love, entered Nirvana, and only by merit can his disciples follow him. This is gained Even so, the number of men exceeds that of the by the use of the rosary and prayer-wheel, by women, some of whom are nuns.. As a result the pilgrimages and prostrations, by reading holy custom of polyandry prevails, and the wife of the books and hearing them read, even when sixty eldest son is the wife of all the brothers who live monks seated in a circle read aloud at the same at home. These husbands are, in turn, often absent. time sixty different pages to get the merit of Their houses are built of stone and are roofed in with branches and twigs covered with earth stamped down till it is hard. Flat stones are also used where these are available. Such roofs would be useless in a country where rain falls often and heavily. The little snow in winter is allowed to lie until spring, and then is shoveled off the roof before it melts. Stairways are made either of rough stone, or of a notched tree. The cattle-shed is below, the hu- man dwelling above. The interior is dark and cheerless, so that the roof is, as it were, the best room. Since arable land is scarce, the village is built on the rock.

The approach to a village is marked by conical structures of solid masonry A CIImSTIA~ SEWING SCHOOL AT LEH called "chortens," intended to be relic- holders, and usually containing miniature images sixty pages simultaneously. Still more merit is made of clay and the ashes of a saint. Prayer- gained by living as a hermit a life of contempla- flags, large and small, are seen on the side of tion, or by being immured in a monastery to live the road, on the chortens, on the houses, and on and die in the dark without speech or sight of the cairn at the top of the pass. These flap into one's fellowmen.

19331 ON THE EDGE OF A GREAT CLOSED LAND

Merit may be lost by means as mechanical as shadowed by Padmasambhava, the queller of de- those by which it is gained, so that few can know mons, who was called into the country from India on which side the balance lies. To take the life of in 747 to conquer the demons who were the dread the meanest creature entails loss of merit; for of the people. He marched through the land vanwho knows what soul was incarnate in that crea- quishing his enemies by the power of his spells ture? The beggar does not thank his benefactor and of the dorje, the emblem of the thunderbolt, for alms, but regards himself as the benefactor which is stilI one of the symbols of the priestly who gave the other the opportunity of gaining power. Padmasambhava founded "The Religion,"

merit by his gift. The giver dare not refuse, for as Lamaism is called, and built the first monastery. to do so would entail loss of merit. Thus all moral Today there are monasteries which are said to standards are confused. The missionary may lay contain as many as 10,000 lamas, and from end to down his life in unselfish service, but the people end of the land the lama rules the lives of the among whom he lived never think of him as unself- people. No important event in the family, in soish, for he was "reaping merit," which is the ciety, or in religion can take place without his crown of life. Christ Himself, when He gave knowledge and his participation. He quells the Himself to suffering and death for the salvation demons, as the founder of his order did, or permits of the world, is considered to have been simply them to work their will on the disobedient. In gaining merit for Himself. They believe that all devil-dances, performed by priests in hideous His love, and all His life, suffer- ~~~s ~~~n~~at~~rcO~~r~el~sH~~t ,-'~'" _>.~O".. ~ .::.:.,:>:::~'~~:;:::-:~~X;'::::':-':~-':!··~::"·~·"'-'f'-~'':.

communicable. He could be an '11>– .. •….", ..,…. "- .(,i);· .•…. ~. '<..- ". "H I"~r.'o:"e…l…-..!.-·.".'.t·;·. ~1o~,tl..,".4,:.·l~' . I", .. "•… _…….. . I ('f !- t' ,…. "'J V ; ~,/ t •.(:5 S"".,..,,h.J,ti< example, as Buddha was, but ~.>,~. ;, ; . ", I •• , • 1. ••' '",: • '< • . '- •.••.

'nothIO ng more. ,,,,,ll…,._L '.,••-J ~ ('hutjtK-~i,.c1.f.#n.~,j~;';''='''·'-'9 ~".',_' ."'L, TL.b~t. o E ven hJeersuI.ns 'hteeaavcehnI',n. gIS 0u.fnlnGt0edI,- ,.'.~..'<,,-,-, J"o:Bt…ol aa.lC.D ….r… •: ur F at 0 ;j~b<£~< ,<I,,<iI, ~ , W..t" . – .s;m~ .,~'l.,. ligible to them at first; for the "-…?,l;1J r….I… 0 '?; ", ) 1. ",10<) V A.~~A=::::::;: Sc..}e.. '1"0"'''''''' I. , .Yt::J.~ , …… . . _~ Tibetan gods, the Lhas, are not · '.-".7"",/:"~~;~':''':'r, ./ r. good in a moral sense. All the g.j""" ". !tJ:…,.s", resources of spells and magic are …..—–, .9n.t;", '……'.l..c·~.:'/.··.~.:".",~..:,}:~i''-'r..1S~-;!;….:…~•..o./../…. '

needed to guard mankind against their spite when they are angry. ………._._J ……. — If a Lha (god) is to escape from T lI3E T AlD TH E WEST HIMALAY A M ISS JO:-< the Wheel of Life, he must be· Kyelang, found ed 185B; Chot, 1897; Leh , ] 885 ; Kh a a tse, 1899 ; a nd Poo, 1865 , come a man and live the life of a Buddha. Then masks, he sets forth the power of the demons to do he too may be saved. When the great mission- harm, if the strong lama, the Superior One, is not ary, Jaeschke, translated the New Testament into there; and proclaims their powerlessness in his Tibetan, he pondered long before he could decide presence. He controls the demons by assuming what word to use for God. At last he chose the aspect of princes of demons, and the saying: "Kon-chog" (dkon-mcog) , a word which really "He casteth out devils by Beelzebub, the prince of designated "The Most Precious Thing." This the devils," would seem to them to be a compliment comprises the triad of Buddhism-the Buddha, and not a reproach. giver of the law; the scriptures that contain his teaching; the priesthood that mediates on his Their power in the last resort is founded upon teaching. Jaeschke thus justifies his choice in their teaching of metempsychosis. The fear of all his dictionary: the possibilities of rebirth, backed by the fears of a demon-ridden land, keep the people in subjection As the original and etymological signification of the to those who claim to know the way of safety, and word is no longer current, so to every Tibetan dkon- have power to put fear into the rebellious. m.cog -suggests the idea of some supernatural power, the existence ·of which he feels in his heart, and the na. Against this ancient and mighty system are ture and properties of which he attributes more or less contending a handful of Moravian missionaries. to the three agents mentioned above, we are fully en- The pioneers, Heyde and Pagell, were sent to titled to assign to the word dkon-rneog also the signifi· Mongolia in 1853 to begin a mission that should cation of God, though the sublime conception which the work eastwards to meet the missionaries in China Bible connects with this word, viz, that -of a personal, who were moving westwards from the coast. Rusabsolute, omnipotent being, will only with the spread sia refused to let them pass through her territory, of Christianity be gradually introduced and e,stab· and after repeated efforts to get through from lished. India, they asked permission to stay in Western Tibet, where they found themselves held up once But in Tibetan Buddhism, the Master is over-

more. They founded Kyelang in Lahoul and Poo shut off from the rest of the world four or five in Kunawur, close to the frontier of the Closed months in the year, and in spite of the perplexing Land. The Church sent out J aeschke, its greatest variety of dialects in a mountainous region, the linguist, to master the language, produce a dic- sense of the message gets through by the aid of tionary, and translate the Bible. He died in 1883, pictures and lanterns. when he had completed all the New Testament, except Hebrews, having chosen as his vehicle from Sometimes the seeming impossibility of the among the many dialects the literary form of task of dealing with the power of Lamaism, not classical Tibetan. His work has been carried on to mention the Hinduism and Mohammedanism by his successors, until the completion of the Old that have followed the trader and the State official Testament is in sight, and thanks to the initial especially in Leh, almost sap one's courage. The fight between David and Goliath was on even terms in comparison with this. But in a service in one of these little congregations, and espe- cially at a celebration of the communion, faith returns; for these Ladakh Christians also were Buddhists; now there has been a new creation.

The oldest station of the Mo- ravians in Asia is Kyel.ang in La- hou!' This has served as the base for wide itineration and for visits to Triloknath, a sacred place of pilgrimage. Some who have heard Christ preached there have gone to Kyelang to be taught more fully. One of the Christians has taken charge of the work as an unpaid volunteer on two occasions when there was no missionary available.

Poo, the second station, had to be closed a few years ago, chiefly on account of the economic circum- THE VILLAGE OF poa, 0::1 THE BORDER OF TIBET Evangelists stances in the Sutley Valley; but there are still Christians there Founded in lRH5, the missionary work was abandoned tenlporarily ill j 92-1. who do not figure on the official in 1930 and 1931 founded a revival of interest.

list. The village is only eight miles work of Jaeschke and the help of three educated from Tibet, which has been entered more than once Tibetans, members of one family, the third of from there, especially on errands of mercy. Since 1904 the British Government has been pledged to prewhom is one of the first two ordained Tibetan vent all Europeans from crossing the border. Conpastors, there will be a translation of the Bible, sidering the disadvantages under which they labor, as Dr. Francke said, which can rank with the the Christians who have remained faithful without Tibetan classics, as the English, and German the support of a missionary must have learned well, Bibles rank foremost among the classics of their so that their faith in Christ has not failed. respective lands. The greatest success has been achieved in Leh, the Reckoned by numbers the Church of Western capital of Ladak. Two native ministers who were Tibet, the fruit of the work of nearly eighty years ordained in 1920 were members of this congregation.

is very small; but it is not the whole of the fruit. Most of the evangelists have sprung from there; so The mission schools have done their share, though have the dispenser at the hospital and the native they have now mostly passed into the hands of the nurse. The latter once said of one of the two native State, except as far as the girls are concerned. ministers: "He gives us soul-food." Every day an Some heathen customs and conceptions have van- address is given at the hospital to the patients who come for treatment. As manY as 600 (sometimes ished for very shame before the face of the Chris- more) come from Turkestan in the few months when tian missionary. Copies of tracts and of the Gos- the passes are open, and over 100 from India. Leh is pels have found their way into Tibet and Nepal a trading center visited from far and near. It is imand into the monasteries themselves. A Tibetan possible to track the results of this daily preaching of news-sheet has carried new facts and new the Gospel by EUropeans and Tibetans. The opposithoughts into Tibetan villages. Evangelizing tion of the lamas is strong, and the people take little tours have taken the Gospel into valleys that are interest in religion, whether th!)ir own or ours.

Liberating India's Outcastes*

By the REV. JAMES F. EDWARDS, Poona, India Editor 0/ the Dnyanodaya; Principal of United Theological College of Western India H UNDREDS of Hindu temples all over India touchability, and not on a comparatively small are at last being opened to India's untouch- issue." ables, in spite of orthodox opposition. Sol- The explanation of India's new attitude toemn resolutions are being passed by caste people wards the outcaste seems to include at least three of all grades that they will cease to reckon anyone factors in bringing about the revolution: the pa- as low merely because of birth. Weare in the tient work of the Indian social reformers; the midst of that social, moral and religious revolu- influence of the British Government and of other tion, the unmistakable signs of which. have been civilizing influences from the West; the work of long detected by discerning eyes. Christian missionaries and the Indian Church.

We see the birth of the new India of missionary The first two of these factors have been deeply dreams, just as the birth of modern Japan was influenced by the third.

heralded in the middle of the last century by the India's social reformers, with invincible opti- noble Samurai class relinquishing the rights they mism, have plodded on with their colossal task.

possessed by virtue of dignity and birth. The editor of the Indian Social Reformer, presid- For caste and all its evils, India has to thank ing at the fortieth National Social Conference, the Hindu faith. The roots of caste go deep down said that he could even then "hear almost every into the Hindu theory of karma which holds the day some part of this medireval system crashing outcaste status to be the punishment for evil deeds to the ground as if struck down by unseen hands."

done in a former existence. Hence, for two thou- On the historic 24th of September when India sand years Hinduism has been the negation of from end to end was trembling for fear lest nationality, split up into 2,300 separate castes. Gandhi should die of the fast he had begun four The denationalizing power of untouchability is days earlier, the Reformer came out with one of clear from the numbers of the outcastes-the lat- the greatest articles in the history of Indian jour- est estimate being 62,000,000. nalism, giving unanswerable facts to support its The Indian Christian Church itself has not es- contention against "Self-Immolation As a Method caped the blighting curse of caste. Sadhu Sundar of Social Reform." Mr. Gandhi himself has for Singh said that the spirit of caste in the Church years had the orthodox pundits fulminating was like elephantiasis in the Church's feet. The against him for his campaign against untouchconverted Brahmin, the late Rev. NiIkanth Nehe- ability, though his campaign has been weakened 'miah Goreh, said that "Christianity with caste by his repeated view that "the caste system is in- herent in human nature." would be no Christianity at all." . . .

Some people speak of the new revolution in Anti-untouchability also owes so much to the India regarding the untouchables as if the revo- influence of the British Government in India. A lution had been accomplished on September 24th well-known Indian writer belonging to the high by the Poona Pact and in virtue of Gandhi's vow caste wrote recently: "The depressed classes to "fast unto death" unless some of the disabili- would have lived in perpetual serfdom, or far ties of the outcastes were removed. The strain of worse than serfdom, if India had not been placed political untouchability still remains in the sepa- under British rule." A few years ago, Sir George rate register for untouchables. in the primary Curtis, then a member of the Bombay Governor's elections approved by Gandhi in the Poona Pact. Council, when a bill was before the House pro- Sir Chimanlal Setalvad, chairman of the Western posing to give to untouchables throughout the India Liberal Association says: "One wishes that Bombay presidency the common rights of using Mr. Gandhi had used the sledge-hammer method public wells and of their children attending public of his fast for the main issue, the removal of un- day schools,' narrated the following incident: Just after the World War it fell to him to nomi- . • Freely quoted from a recent editorial by Dr. James F. Edwards I!) the J]nyononaya, nate on behalf of the Government such members [ 189]

as were needed to ensure all classes of the popu- Every province in India supplies testimony to the lation being represented on the Local Municipal power of Jesus Christ -to uplift those depressed Council. As there had just returned from the war classes who constitute one fifth of the Hindu popuan outcaste who had done notable service for his lation. The Indian Bishop of Dornakal says that country, Sir George thought it fitting he should be among the Telugu-speaking outcastes of Andhra nominated and the Government confirmed the Desa there are no less than 800,000 followers of nomination. After the appointment all the other Jesus Christ, the fruit of at least six missionary members of the Council, being caste people, sent societies. The greatest triumph of the Indian in a representation, requesting that in future all outcaste is that with Christ in his heart and life the business of the Council be done by correspond- he is attracting to Christ the Sudra caste people ence, since they could not tolerate the idea of sit- so successfully that the latter are coming to Christ ting with an untouchable in the Council. Their :'in groups, families and villages," about 26,000 of request was not granted. such people having been attracted to Jesus during "the last five or ten years." First among "the rea- The Chris,tian Influence sons that have led these people Christward" Dr. Azariah places "the attractive power of the life The Christian influence in India's silent revo- of the Christians of outcaste origin." He sees lution reveals the truth that caste, untouchability "the marvelous operation of God the Holy Spirit" and communalism are all plain denials of Christ's in the change that leads those "only a few years principle of brotherhood. The late Maharajah of ago proud and haughty, insolent and insulting in Kolhapur, who by common consent was the leader their manner to Christians and Christian teachers, of India's untouchables, said that it was necessary now to sit in church and chapel and to receive the "to dethrone the Brahmins in order to enthrone holy sacrament without any thought of the caste the Indian nations." When asked why he was origin of the co-recipients or of the ministering." eliminating caste regulations from his State, he "This is the God I am going to worship and to replied that he got the idea in the Presbyterian serve henceforth," said an earnest seeker after Mission Hospital at Miraj. The present Mahara- God who had watched a congregation in prayer jah of Kolhapur has issued an order that un- and who then heard "the story of God suffering touchability is now no longer to be recognized in for men on the Cross." No wonder that the greatthe Kolhapur State. Many years ago Mr. B. G. est triumph of the Indian outcaste is the triumph Tilak, though no friend of Christians, said pub- in and through them of their redeeming Christ. licly in Bombay that Christian missionaries were the only people who had done what was right by Along with this outcaste movement to Christ, the outcastes. is the wonderful movement among the caste peo- ple that began in 1926 and shows no signs of abat- Thousands of facts show that Jesus Christ is the ing. In the past five years, no less than 7,234 liberator of India's outcastes. India's own re- caste Hindus have received Christian baptism. formers, Mr. Gandhi included, show that Jesus has been the chief inspiration of their beneficent The outcaste Christians of the village of Ancampaigns. As the vice-principal of the Rajaram naram have built with their own hands a church College said a few years ago, Jesus Christ is more to seat 250 people without a penny of cost to the and more regarded as "the greatest son of Asia." Missionary Society.

RIGHTS OF THE DEPRESSED CLASSES The untouchables in India equal in number about one half the population of the United States. They are kept in menial servitude and are deprived of many rights of human beings- material, social, political, educational and religious.

These "depressed classes" are now demanding complete adult suffrage, representation on all local legislative bodies on a population basis, special grants for education, and the right to appeal to the Government over any neglect of their interest in education, sanitation or public service. One great question still remains unsolved-the electorate in the Native States. They are still deprived of their rights in Government schools, the free use of village wells, admis- sion to temples, equality in trade and employment and in social fellowship. India has still a long road to travel before equality and justice are established and before the principles of Christ are accepted as the basis for human relationship-to say nothing of the relation of man to God as revealed in Jesus Christ.

the Teacher's House Was

By the REV. GLENN B. OGDEN, Kasganj, U. P., India Missiol1ary of the Presbyterial1 Church, U. S. A.

I N SAIDPUR village there is no high and low for their sick; to explore ways of getting out of caste problem for there are only Chamars the hands of the money lender, to do any such in- living there. They are all farmers though one dependent thing seems to them a very dangeror two of them work part time at making shoes. ous procedure. They are pigeon-hearted, fearful, They are a simple untutored folk with capacities trembling, but one can scarcely blame them. for loyalty, love and faith only partly developed. Their When Mrs. Ogden for the lives are dominated by feai., first time visited their women not so much the fear that and children, talked to them, spiritual darkness engenders gave simple medicines for the many minor illnesses which but fear of their landlord. she found, they took the medi- This landlord is the typical cines gladly, only to throw "big fat baniya" as they call them away a short time after him, who lives in the neigh- the "Memsahiba" had left the boring town of Soron. He village. Someone had frightdoes no work himself, but ened them by a ridiculous loans money to needy farm- rumor: "They have taken ers and is satisfied with your pictures and will send 37%;10 interest for a year! them to their own country. Always ready to loan five or You are now all made mem- ten or even fifty dollars to bers of the pakka (strong any ignorant farmer on these religion). Have nothing to terms; no receipts are given; do with this medicine or you all the papers rest in his will become socially unclean."

strong box. The villagers Out went all the medicines cannot read or write. They and even the salve.

give only thumb impressions Truly the Sahib had taken on stamped papers when a – — – their pictures. A little openm 0 n e y transaction takes air school had, at their own A FIRST VISIT TO A CHAMAR'S VILLAGE place. As long as they do the request, been started in very landlord's bidding and remain his willing slaves primitive conditions. A teacher who was going the Zamindar treats them with consideration; about the country as a Sadhu, doing free and inbut let them cross him in word or deed and there dependent work, was available so long as they is much to pay. One or two henchmen do some would feed him and give him a hut in which to sound beating of thinly clad backs, and he brings live. Progress was being made. Many boys were suit against them for collection of big and long- taught at noon when they came in for food and standing debts. Since all the papers have re- rest after a morning in the fields. Even some mained with him and they have trusted him to of the older youths were eager to do the same at write in the proper amounts, they may find them-· night when the day's work was done. All was selves hopelessly involved in a lawsuit that, if it moving along smoothly and everything looked goes against them, will cripple them for life. hopeful; but there was that landlord who had Any signs of interest in the good things of the been off to a mela, or fair, for ten days or more.

Christian fellowship is an unusual experience for Upon his return he was told that all his people them. To start a school with the help of a friend- in this village were in danger of becoming ly babu (teacher); to receive the missionary and bhangis (a term as hateful as nigger) Christians.

his wife in a friendly way, or receive medicines He immediately decided that the teacher must be [191 ]

driven out of that village at all costs. It was no flames shot up. Then off they went to be at home concern to him that boys from little Piyare up to and quietly asleep. Fifteen roofs burned; fifteen big Baldeo were having their first opportunity to families were left for the most part without learn to read and write. He did not like it that covering or protection against the biting chill of there was a possibility of several literates coming the winter nights. Fifteen families were cast' out of that village. Still less did he fancy the into distress of poverty with their houses ruined. possibility of their becoming Christians and cut Who will help? Will the landlord? No. The fox off from the Hindu political fold. As an ardent tried to make out that the people had fired their Nationalist of the civil disobedience type he has own roofs so as to be able to bring a case against been in jail for his Gandhi activities. Least of him and thus rebel against his authority. all did he like to think of a possible day when the people of his village would become independent But there was help forthcoming, though meaof him and his money bag and might get out from ger. There is a small Christian group in Soron under his heavy heel. and another in Kasganj. Offerings were taken to go with money that friends from America sent in little gifts. New blankets, very rough and coarse but nevertheless warm, were procured for those that could not possibly buy new ones for themselves; grain was bought for those whose pitifully small store- was burned and parched underneath falling grass roofs afire; a grind- stone or two was provided for those whose stones were cracked by the heat and so cut off their flour supply; new ridge poles were brought for those who had not had time to pull down their roofs and save the precious poles; new grass thatch was given those who could not make ar- rangements for themselves.

THE OPEN AIR SCHOOL AT SAIDPUR "Drive that man out of your village at once or MEM-SAHIB CONDUCTING AN OPEN AIR CLINIC it will be a sorry day for you," he ordered. "Beat him, kill him, if necessary, but don't you dare to A little help, but how welcome and timely; it let him stay. If he does not get out of here and made human hearts glad. Who can tell the rethat right soon his house will be burned over his suIts? A new spirit of courage and independence head. We don't want that young devil here." and integrity has already begun to appear as they This is a weak sample of the gali he gave them thought: Are we after all men and not someone's and the abuse he heaped upon the head of the abject slaves? Is it possible that the days of our teacher and those who had placed him there. affliction are nearing an end? What is there in this Christian religion that makes people help us? Midnight came and all was well. A half hour We would see more and learn more. Do not leave later great flames leapt up into the neem tree us now. We are still in danger of that landlord's that stands near the babu'8 house. machinations. Stand by us and stand with us.

"Wake up and get out of there in a hurry!" cried a friendly neighbor of Babu Lall. "Your roof is on fire. Will you stay in there and be burned up with all your bedding and books?" shouted the man.

The threat had been carried out. Late in the night two quiet-moving forms might have been seen carrying a smoldering piece of dried dung cake, placing it in quietly among the thatch straws on the rear side of the house, away from all observers. Then they quietly slipped away to a neighboring field to watch till the first vigorous

Is New in China?

By the REV. CHESTER B. RAPE, B.Sc.

For twenty-four years a Missionary in China mzder the Methodist Episcopal Church W HEN Mrs. Rape and I first went to China Shanghai has proved, they make excellent fight- in 1908 we were surprised that we were ers. not called upon to pass the usual quarantine or customs inspections, and that our pass- While no one can foretell what will be the outports were not called for. After a week in Shang- come of the present struggle between China and hai, outfitting ourselves for life in a semi-tropical Japan, I am sure that there will be at least two important results. In the first place, this strug- climate, we started on our long journey into the gle will unite the various factions in China as interior, a journey which was to take us more nothing else could do. That is already taking than fifty days. As we traveled westward up the place. In my own province of Szechuen for sevgreat Yangtze River, we stopped at many large eral years there have been more than three hun- cities and passed by hundreds of towns and vil- dred thousand soldiers. In order to support this lages. Only in one place, Ichang, one thousand vast standing army, when Mrs. Rape and I left miles inland from Shanghai, were any questions there about a year ago, land taxes had been colwhatsoever asked. Not once in a long journey lected in advance to the year 1952. These solof fifteen hundred miles did we see a soldier or diers are divided among three Chinese generals, the national flag which, at that time, was a black or military lords, as we call them. About a year dragon on a yellow background. ago one of our missionaries wrote that one of On my last journey up the Yangtze in March, these generals had become disgruntled because 1930, I took the steamer at Nanking, the capital he thought he was not getting his share of the of the new China. As I drove from the campus provincial revenues. Therefore he declared war of Nanking University down a broad boulevard, on the other two. Troops were everywhere on a memorial to Dr. Sun Yat Sen, the new national the move and it looked as if civil war could not emblem was everywhere in evidence. Smartly be averted. Suddenly a wireless message was dressed military officers dashed about in the latest received from Shanghai announcing that the models of American cars, with armed guards Japanese had invaded Manchuria. At once these clinging to the running-boards. Soldiers filled three military lords called a conference, settled the streets. As our boat, a British vessel, left their own differences and sent a joint telegram the port of Nanking she dipped her flag to three to the national government in Nanking offering modern, up-to-date Chinese warships in the har- their hearty and united support against Japan.

bor. As we journeyed westward, we saw thou- This struggle will probably confirm the Chinese sands upon thousands of soldiers everywhere; in the belief that the only way they can secure every city, town and village was decorated with justice from the rest of the world is "to arm to the new national flag. the teeth." This is fraught with the gravest of Recently, after a noted European diplomat had danger to the peace of the entire world. Latest visited China and had seen several of the prov- government statistics state that there are now inces, someone asked him what impressed him 474,000,000 people in China. That is one-fourth most. His immediate reply was, "Soldiers, sol- of the population of the entire globe. They candiers, soldiers." You cannot get out of sight of not "arm to the teeth" without having a very soldiers anywhere in China today. You hear the decided reaction upon the peace of the rest of eternal blowing of their bugles from early morn- the world. In his book, "The New Crisis in the ing until late at night. There are in China today Far East," Stanley High says: more than two and one-half million men under China had counted for her security upon the peace arms. To be sure, many of them are poorly machinery.of this post-war world. . . . If China is equipped and ill-trained, but as Chinese Gordon forced into militarism it will be either because the 80proved long ago, and as the recent fighting around called Christian nations of the West have not been [193 ]

Christian enough to secure fairness for her, or be- ping anchor in the harbor for thirty minutes, cause the Christians 'of China, weakened by the weak- and a tax of fifty cents on each parcel and case ening missionary activity, have not been able to stem of cargo carried. On nearing Chungking, my the rapidly mounting tide of nationalist extremism. destination, fifteen hundred miles inland, the first thing that greeted our eyes was an immense sign I pray God that America and Europe may show painted on the city wall, "Down with Imperial- China a better way than war. I have faith ism." Not even the fact that I had resided in enough in the reasonableness of the Chinese to that city for more than twenty years and was believe that if we will only show them that way, well known, saved my baggage from a final inthey will follow. The responsibility is ours. spection.

On arrival at Ichang in 1930, three different The Contrast-1908 and 1930 searching parties boarded our boat. My baggage A TYPICAL STRIDET Di OLD CHUNGKIKG-NARROW, How shall we account for the differences be- DARK, FILTHY tween the years 1908 and 1930? In 1908 China had been for more than two hundred and sixty was inspected not only when I left the first vessel years subject to an alien race, the Manchus. Conon which I had traveled, but again when I em- currently for decades she had been under the barked on a smaller boat which was to take us economic domination and exploitation of various through the famous gorges of the upper Yangtze, foreign powers. Consequently, there was no such the most beautiful scenery in all the world. thing as patriotism. Then, thanks to forty years Across the river from Ichang the whole side of of untiring efforts on the part of Dr. Sun Yat Sen, a mountain was covered with the words twenty- the father of the new China, the Manchu yoke five feet in height, worked in cement, announc- was thrown off in 1911. For fifteen years revoluing to all far and near, "Away with Unequal tion followed revolution until in 1926 that mili- Treaties," "Finish the Establishment of the Re- tary genius, General Chiang Kai-shek, won vicpublic," "Complete the Education of the People." tory after victory and the present Nationalist You will find slogans like these all over China Government was established. today, and they are having tremendous effect in arousing the millions of that land. There is much to be desired in China today, but conditions are not nearly so bad as the Amer- At Wanhsien, twelve hundred miles from ican newspapers would lead us to believe. The Shanghai, our vessel was subjected to a rigid wonder is that conditions have not been worse search by six different government bureaus. We during the last fifteen or twenty years. When a were forced to pay seventy-five dollars for drop- nation of more than four hundred and seventy million people are struggling to be reborn, can this be accomplished without pain and trouble? Think of the chaos that followed our own Amer- ican Revolution, or the French Revolution which was infinitely worse! China, during the last twenty years, has been in travail. After another decade or two, I am confident that China, if left alone by outside influences, will become a strong, vigorous nation that will benefit the whole world.

The present Nationalist Government really has the interests of the masses very much at heart. It has already accomplished phenomenal things and no wonder. Ex-President Chiang Kai-shek and his wife are both Christians. Recently, one of our missionaries who has been working in Nanking for more than forty years wrote that day after day she had been attending a prayer meeting in the home of President and Mrs. Chiang. And for what did they pray? That China might be able to overcome Japan in the present struggle? No; they had something more important than that. They prayed that the lead- ers of China might be given divine guidance; that the masses might be uplifted and brought to a saving knowledge of Jesus Christ.

At the Eastern Asia Central Conference of the

WHA'l' IS NEW IN CHINA'?

Methodist Church in Nanl{ing in March, 1930, Three Principles of the People," namely, Na- General Chang Chih-chiang led our devotional tionalism, Democracy, and the People's Liveli- exercises one morning, and gave one of the most hood, and they must pass examinations set by inspiring addresses of that conference. On the government inspectors. This is one of the big- Sunday when Dr. John Goudy and Dr. Wang gest pieces of educational work that the world Chih-ping were consecrated as bishops, two of has ever known. With the young people thor- General Chang's children were baptized. Dur- oughly aroused and awake, it is no wonder that ing the last two years General Chang has given we have a new public consciousness, real patriot- over twenty-six thousand dollars for the distribu- ism, in China today. The Christian Church has tion of the Scriptures in the Chinese language. had a very great influence on the moral and in- Had I time I might mention several other men, tellectual life of the Chinese through its mission now prominent in the national or provincial gov- schools.

ernments, who are strong Christian men. Physical Changes in China China today is new politically. When we first In the third place, China is rapidly becoming went to China the Manchus were still in power new physically. There is a perfect mania for with the old Empress Dowager, Tzu Rsi, still on the building of motor roads, and for the rebuildthe throne. Today these Christian leaders are do- ing of entire cities. The province of Szechuen, ing the best they can to establish a real republican the largest and most westerly of all the provform of government. I am glad that Christianity is having a real part in the remaking of China.

Second.-In China today there is a new public consciousness and real patriotism. For more than twenty years I have been connected with our large school for boys in Chungking. During the first few years we never had one patriotic holi- day. There was nothing to be patriotic about.

But not so with the new China 1 In the fall and winter of 1928, we had thirty-nine such holidays in one term. They were coming three and four each week, but as soon as the new Nationalist Government became strong, the Ministry of Edu- cation took up the question of holidays and de- cided that there should be only eight holidays In A :-.1EW WiDE STREll.'T-SEUAN CHA i R A N D AuTOMOBILE a year. They established a penalty for any in- stitution that closed on any other day. Since inces of China, is five times as large as the State then we have had no further trouble with this of Ohio. It has a population of seventy million super-patriotism of our Chinese students. But I people. Eight years ago there was not a mile of do not blame those young people. China had been good roads in all that province, and wheeled ve- deprived of holidays for two hundred and sixty hicles were unknown among those seventy million years. Why not make up for a few they had lost? people. Our roads were mere stone-paved paths, Students in all schools are now required to and when you came to a hill or a mountain there gather once each week for a half hour's patriotic were stone steps up one side and down the other.

service. The program is very simple: In the You could not use even a wheelbarrow on such front of each auditorium are displayed the pic- roads.

ture of Dr. Sun Yat Sen and the national flag. For more than twenty years I have been living The student body arises, makes three elaborate in Chungking-a city of eight hundred thousand bows to the flag and picture, very much as we people, fifteen hundred miles up the Yangtze salute the flag in this country. This is followed River, and one thousand miles from the nearest by three minutes of silent prayer, after which accessible railroad. It is surrounded by a great they sing the national anthem, and repeat Dr. stone wall from thirty to forty feet thick and Sun's will. The meeting closes with a report by from fifty to sixty feet high. This wall is pierced a government representative on the progress of by nine massive gates that are closed at night and government policies throughout the land. Not in times of trouble. The city is built on a nar- only is a program like this followed in the row ridge between two rivers, the Yangtze and schools, but also in Chambers of Commerce, busi- Railing.

ness men's conventions, and in all public gather- Until the year 1928, the streets had been nar- ings. row, dark and filthy. There were thousands of Students from the elementary grades through stone steps up and down the hilly streets. In to the colleges are all required to study "The 1927 our military officials gave notice that they

were going to rebuild that great city. In Chinese roads in the province of Szechuen. Today there cities there are no lawns, no parkways. Houses are already completed three thousand miles of and places of business are built on the street line. well-surfaced roads, and twenty-five hundred The people were forced to tear down their houses more miles are now under construction. Several and stores, move back from five to thirty feet; American and European Gompanies have their give that land to the city; rebuild their houses foreign agents in Chungking, selling automobiles, and stores at their own expense and pay for the trucks and road building machinery. Of course, paving of the new wider streets. They never re- all the large oil companies have their agents ceived one cent of compensation or indemnity there. A tremendous new market has been from the government. A military government, opened up, for what I have said of Chungking at the point of a bayonet, can do most anything. and the province of Szechuen is typical of what is going on everywhere. During the last year I When we left Chungking in 1931, there were was in China we had to tear down the fronts of wide streets and avenues, rapidly being lined with eleven different churches in as many different four-story buildings. A new city ordinance re- cities, in order to make way for the widening of quires that every building erected must be at streets. least four stories in height. Where three years before wheeled vehicles had been unknown, there The struggle in China today is the most fasciwere five bus lines in operation, hundreds of cars nating in all human history. It is crowding into going everywhere, and the freight was beginning a single generation the political, economic, social and religious revolutions that took Europe and America several hundred years to complete. China is going to win, for there is in progress every kind of a revolution that the world has ever known-political, intellectual, economic, social and religious. The most insignificant are the petty political revolutions of which you read so much in American newspapers.

THE NEW EDLlCATION-ANATOMY CLASS IN WEST New China and the Church CHINA UNION UNIVERSITY Fourth.-There is a new attitude on the part of to be carried in trucks rather than on the backs the Chinese towards the Church. During the of human beings, as had been the custom for last few years the Christians in China have had centuries. to face difficulties greater than those ever faced by any church. During 1926 and 1927 especially, Remarkable as that development may seem, there was such intense anti-Christian feeling that something more remarkable has taken place out- in many places it was necessary to lock our side the city walls. For a radius of from two churches and hold meetings secretly in the homes and a half to three miles there had been one vast of the people. Incidents from the Olives of our cemetery, hundreds of thousands of graves, the workers during those years would read like cerburial place of the people of Chungking for cen- tain chapters from the Acts. But that antituries. In 1927 the military Government notified Christian storm seems to have passed and indicathe people that they were going to level these tions today are that China has never been so open graves and build a new city in order to relieve to the Gospel message. the congestion within the walls, an area of only a little over four square miles for eight hundred The physical changes are but an indication of thousand people. Three months were given in the changes going on in the hearts and minds of which to move graves of loved ones and at the the Chinese. City walls are coming down; streets expiration of that time the Government set thou- are being widened; and the light of the sun and sands of men to work levelling graves, laying out fresh air are dispelling darkness and disease. wide streets and dividing the area into city lots. But far more significant is the fact that the walls When we left this work was rapidly being com- of fear and ignorance and superstition and rigid pleted and there were wide streets lined with conservatism are coming down; today the Gostrees and lighted with electric lights at night. It pel of Jesus Christ, the Light of the world, is sounds like a story from "The Arabian Nights"! really having a chance at those millions. Thank God, thousands are being transformed by the Eight years ago there was not a mile of motor power of the Gospel.

Do you realize the full significance of the level- ling of all those graves around Chungking? For centuries ancestral worship had a very deep hold upon the Chinese. On Ching Ming, which comes

WHAT IS NEW IN CHINA?

about our Easter time, each family was required There is also a new attitude on the part of our to repair the graves of its ancestors. On two Chinese Christians in the support of the Church. different occasions each year it was necessary When I became principal of the Chungking High that certain religious rites be performed at the School in 1910, we had almost to pay the stugraves. The desecration of a grave was the most dents to attend school. We granted many of heinous crime. Only twelve years ago, one of our them free tuition and board, loaned them their missionaries caused a riot by cutting off the cor- books, and even bought clothes for some of them. ner of a grave mound when building a road to Today that institution is practically self-supporthis new residence. But during 1927 and 1928 ing. Neither has this advance interfered with our hundreds of thousands of graves were levelled Christian purpose, for the majority of the stuaround Chungking, and hardly a voice was raised dents are Christians, and there is a real Christian against it. How do you account for it? Simply atmosphere in the institution. Our hospitals have this, today the Chinese have broken with the past also made the same gain in self-support. and they are scrapping old superstitions; even ancestral worship is losing its hold on the people. The other day I received an air-mail letter which came from Chungking to Delaware, Ohio, VAST CE:VIETEf~Y orTSI DE WALLS OF CH 1;~GKI~G in twenty days. In 1908 it took us fifty-three days to make the· journey from Shanghai to This is very significant for the Christian Church, Chungking! Today we have a splendid airport for it means that they are more open to the Gos- at Chungking and regular passenger and mail pel message than ever before. But we must service between that city and the coast. But the realize, too, that China is open to all kinds of great surprise was not in this remarkable change propaganda and there never was such a need to in method of transportation, but in the message preach the Christ way of living and all that that that the letter brought. It came from our Chinese means. Christian leaders and was written in their lan- Fifth.-There is a new spirit in the Church in China. When we first went to the Chungking guage. It expressed deep sympathy with the Conference twenty-four years ago, every admin- Christian people of America during this time of istrative position in the Church was occupied by depression, and a prayer that conditions might foreign missionaries. Every district superintend- soon improve. Second: It recorded real appreciaent, every superintendent of a hospital, every tion for what the Church in America has done principal of a mission school, and many pastors for the Church in China. Third: They said that of Chinese churches were missionaries. Today they were determined to make the churches in there is not one administrative position in the the Chungking Conferences self-supporting by hands of our missionaries there. Splendidly the end of the year 1933. The letter closed with trained Chinese Christian leaders have gotten this challenge: "Our word in the face of the last under the burdens and are filling these positions cable from the Board saying there would be no with credit to themselves and to the Church. What a privilege it is for us, as missionaries, to ~EW ROAD THHOl'Gll aLl) CJC:IET~jHY Ol:TS']DE CHUNGKING cooperate with these leaders in the task of rebuilding the life of a people! What a vast differ- appropriation for our work in 1933, is, 'Go forence, too, this change has made in our lives and ward.' Weare planning to concentrate and move in our work! Never have we been on such inti- ahead." mate terms with the people. Never have we been admitted to so many homes. Never have we had Many casual observers, because of banditry, them seek our help and advice so much. And famine, civil war, and the threat of communism, never have we been so happy in our work. take a pessimistic view of the outlook in China, but I am more optimistic about China today than I have ever been during my twenty-four years of residence there. I have learned to allow a very

liberal discount for those things in present-day has been at the very center of the movement out conditions which alarm casual observers. I have of which the new China is slowly emerging." learned to place great confidence in the solid, abiding things in Chinese character and civiliza- Today China's needs are many, but her supreme tion which have endured through the centuries. need is Jesus Christ. Let Christians redouble their efforts in China. Let the many fine char- Today China is aroused as never before. The acteristics of the Chinese people be dominated by Christian Church there has an influence far be- the spirit of Jesus Christ, and there is no doubt yond the power of mere statistics to show. As as to the ultimate triumph of the cause of right- Stanley High says, "Christianity for a century eousness and peace.

A Message from African Jungles By JANET MILLER, M.D., Congo, Central Africa Author of "Jungles Preferred"; Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South I DO not bring a message from one of the great sidering the greatest good to the greatest number, metropolises of the world where life has be- consider that the richest boon of this wonderful come a chaos of specialized activities. My century is the progress made in the science of message comes from the heart of Central Africa medicine. The leaves of the tree of science have where primitive conditions prevail. been for the physical healing of the nations. This "But," perhaps you will say, "you are yourself is a fact of great personal import to each of us.

a specialist in medical science." During my last term of service in Africa a True, I am a medical missionary; but I am also strange and wonderful thing happened on the an agriculturalist. It is part of my task to teach earth-something which no prophet foretold, of the African Blackman to make a better garden which no seer dreamt. A Japanese scientist made and to improve his standard of living. a great discovery and a marvelous material gift I am also an engineer. We have built a sub- to suffering humanity on the African Gold Coast stantial reservoir in a near-by stream to conserve -a specific for yellow fever. We owe this boon drinking water. The Black people no longer drink to the hunting instinct and the sacrificiaJ labor the water in which they wash their clothes. of one man.

I am also a contractor and a carpenter. New We need to examine this primitive hunting inbuildings on our hospital reservation are con- stinct. It is a powerful driving force and an instructed under my supervision. dispensable part of our natural endowment. Let us lift it up and center it around the noble ambi- So I may claim to be in sympathy and under- tion for solving the problems not only of personal standing with men of many trades and profes- need but of international depression and despair sions. which are in the world today.

In an African jungle, where food is plentiful, Our civilization calls for courageous leadership many individual animals are seeking it. Here is which will set men at the central task of searcha huge jungle prowler who procures his food by ing for a cure for the distressing conditions which sheer strength. Another animal, a young antelope, prevail everywhere. We desperately need leaders lacking the strength of the leopard or the lion, escapes being devoured by his fleetness of foot; he lives by his wits, as verily as any human ad- who will search for life's holy places where guid- venturer. ance in this great task is to be had; leaders who Nature has implanted the hunting instinct in will call to a progressive crusade for righteousevery living creature. It is a valuable asset, for ness.

the hunting instinct is the foundation of all re- Beyond the scientific force discovered in the search work. To the hunting instinct in man we hidden resources of nature, we must find spiritual owe the best that has come to the human race power. Let us undertake the search for spiritual from the material world. resources which are seen on earth among men and Members of the medical profession, who deal women who live close to God. Let nations, as with the individual and measure progress by con- well as individuals, undergo a spiritual rebirth.

THE STORY OF KONDYABAI

To this we must look for the establishment of Some new and vitalizing principal must guide peace and prosperity upon earth. the nations through the perilous meshes of inter- national relationships. A world movement must There is a better way of dealing with interna- sensitize the hearts of men so that they will turn tional differences and depression than through to spiritual power to set things right over the courts of arbitration, valuable as they are; that habitable globe. better way is through a world-wide spiritual revival which will set to work in the hearts of men Let us search for young men in our universities a zeal which cannot rest until Jesus Christ is a who are magnificently endowed with this primiliving and life-giving reality to every man. The tive hunting instinct-this instinct for research. teachings of Christ are the only possible basis for They must be men of courageous and positive perthe era of reconstruction so desperately needed. sonalities, valiant moral warriors for the Cause of Christ, who will fight a great fight for the The realization of universal peace and prosper- Kingdom of God and His righteousness upon ity can only come as the fruit of patient devotion earth. to the propagation of the Gospel of Jesus Christ. A new dispensation in the history of the world A new era must come through the enlightened must come through men's awakening to the real- conscience of the civilized world, and through the ization that there is no remedy for the present heroic element in man, desiring the spiritual world sickness except by a great spiritual re- awakening of all peoples of whatever color or generation. Our times require the adoption of clime. Then a rational growth will begin which the Golden Rule, with a large outlook which in- will make more beautiful all human life. Let us cludes all nations of the earth. carry the Gospel of Christ to the ends of the earth, beginning with our own nation. Let Amer- During the present century the world has come ica undertake the culture of her own soul, at the to regard commercial rivalry as a necessity; a same time that she is sending her representatives domination in trade is considered a matter of to people of less fortunate lands. Every step that paramount importance. But today no such nar- leads toward that culture leads to the establishrow materialistic outlook will suffice. A more in- ment of prosperity•. telligent and more liberal policy is imperative.

The Story of Kondyabai By Mrs. F. E. G. COWHUD, Yeotmal, Berar, India Free Metbodist Mission of Nortb America T HE first stories we heard about Kondyabai Then the young and desolate mother came to were unsavory. "The Gi~ls' School" at Umbri to help with the She remembers her mother taking her to babies. She was afraid that it would break her the temple and teaching her to worship the hide- caste if she did the menial work for the children ous idols. When she was about ten years of age and it became necessary to send her away. she began to think that idols were of no value and told her mother what she thought. This After she left us she was again thrown with shocked her mother but indicated that Kondya- her own people. The contrast between the heabai's observations were keen, even in childhood. then life of the village and life of the mission compound impressed her very much, and she Kondyabai was married when a mere child, ac- came again and again begging to be taken back. cording to the customs of her caste. She was a She would say, "If you will take me back I will mother at thirteen and soon after was deserted do anything, even if it means to break caste comby her husband. She had to go to the cotton fields pletely and never to see my own people again." to earn enough to keep soul and body together, the prey to all the vileness of a very evil com- Finally we took her back and she became a very munity. She worked for a Mohammedan who useful woman with the babies. She was motherly became the father of several of her children. and seemed worth saving. When this man died his wife sent Kondyabai and her children away, so that she was again thrown A Bible woman was sent every day to teach her on evil times. the stories of the Bible. She used to come nearly every night to the bungalow and told me many things about her village. There is nothing more

shocking in "Mother India" than the things which decided that she was praying. For the first time she described in her village and which the people she had gotten a sense of the exceeding sinfulthought only the ordinary way to live. ness of sin and her life seemed a long vista of horror. Once her prayer ran like this, "As I take During these evening visits Kondyabai and I my soiled sari (garment) to the river and wash often prayed together and she professed to be it clean, so 0 Lord wash and make me clean." converted and was baptized. At last peace came to her troubled soul and she slept like a tired babe. Her face seemed to take Some time after this a spirit of prayer came on a new glow of purity. among the little girls in the school and they prayed every evening from five o'clock until their Today Kondyabai is a blessed woman; she tesevening meal. They prayed for everybody-the tifies at every opportunity, and has been an inpreachers, Bible women, teachers, scholars, mis- spiration to many missionaries. It is a beautiful sionaries on the field, missionaries in the home- sight to see her gather the little children about land, the girls, and especially for Kondyabai. her for evening prayers. She is full of love and When the big girls caught this spirit of prayer, draws the children like a magnet. they prayed so long that we could hardly get them to bed at night. Last year she visited her village and was able to bear testimony to her own people who listened One night we heard a loud screaming and with greatest interest to her story of the saving thought it was jackals. Then we recognized a grace of Christ. At the camp meeting recently woman's voice and thought the crazy son of our held in the district three of her caste people were old sweeper woman must be beating her. Later baptized. we discovered it was our own Kondyabai, who was crying out in great distress, like the wailing Pray that hundreds of heathen women like of a lost soul. At first we thought her insane Kondyabai may be saved, and lifted to lives of but as we listened to moanings and groanings we purity.

• South America-An Analogy* TWO children, anxious to decorate for Christ- gaily to the edge of the precipice, and, with the mas Eve, climbed the mountain of Montser- money in her hands, toppled over into the chasm rat, caroling as they went, searching for of insolvency. There should have been more suitable greenery. They came to a precipice hid- margin. den by gorgeous overhanging verdure. Thinking only of the magic of the Christmas celebration, II. It is so in politics. Latin America dreams they began to accumulate mosses and trailing of an ideal government which shall be a panacea vin,es. The enthusiasm of youth dulled all sense for all ills. She is convinced that when the right of danger. One held the other's hand while she officials get into power all will be well. Unavailreached for a lovely flower, but she .suddenly ingly has she clutched at the cactus of dictatorslipped and dragged her companion into a deep ships and the lush growth of socialistic democchasm. The papers told of a tragedy while in racy, only to find herself slipping, slipping. pursuit of a purpose; deceptive environment; confident but misguided youth. III. In matters of religion, Latin America is clinging to frail but alluring environment, and Graphically, pathetically, does not this illus- missing the Tree of Life, rooted in the Rock of trate what is happening on a large scale in Latin Ages. Processions and pictures, images and in- America; fine sentiments ending in catastrophe; cense attract her, but can never give a solid foungood intentions led astray by inexperience; un- dation for morals, education and the home. They justified optimism terminating in a crash; a ma- cannot bear the weight of a continent's need. terialistic search leading to death; a land of promise full of disillusion. Had we known it in time how gladly would we have snatched these children from the edge of the 1. This delusion has been, for example, in the abyss. What we would have done for them let matter of loans. Finding the United States able us do for the people of South America. We can and willing to lend money, Latin America walked only do it by giving them reality in place of a delusion; Jesus Christ and His Gospel in place • Adapted frolll a contribution to The Bible Today, New York. of false standards and hopes.

Situation in Latin America*

By SAMUEL GUY INMAN, New York I~ Author of "Trailing the Conquistodores," etc., etc. I I -~ I~==========================~ TATIN American countries are conscious that thing to carry out the spirit of this prayer?" The L they are adrift and they do not know where audience was tremendously affected. She slipped they are going. The leadership acknowl- away while the crowd was standing spellbound edged a few years ago is often displaced or re- with her eloquence. But her identity was learned, tains its position only through oppressive and and the socialist party decided to discipline her militaristic measures. The old assurances of the for speaking in an anti-democratic meeting and economic interpretation of history, the "out-of- without permission of the party.

dateness" of religion, the power of political de- The well-known Argentine writer, Dr. Ricardo mocracy, the struggle for industrialism, are wab- Rojas, author of "The Invisible Christ," says that bling, if not disappearing. Argentina has so many int~rnal problems that Take Argentina for example-until the revolu- she is overwhelmed with them.

tion of 1931 which unseated President Irigoyen Brazil has held together longer than any simi- she had not had a revolution for forty years. She larly extended tropical territory in all history.

had adopted the secret ballot, had committed- her- Many feel that the recent revolution of Sao Paulo self to the capitalistic order, with more foreign represents a deep division between the various commerce and more railroads than any other sections of Brazil and that with great difficulty Latin American country, with a continued flow will these sections be held together. The nation of European emigrants, with a standardized pro- is facing most critical conditions and must have, gram of public education, modernized indiffer- if it is not to go to pieces, not only wise political ence toward religion, with the politicians run- and economic guidance, but vital faith in funda- ning the government and the rest of the country mental, spiritual values. Dynamic religious faith indifferent so long as they were allowed to pur- is needed if Brazil is to move forward unitedly sue their own objects. into a new order. Her enormous territory, much Today all is different. The present govern- of which is uninhabited except by Indians, her ment of the conservative party is in an anomalous large percentage of illiterate people, her divisions position. The Uriburu dictatorship was so un- into northern, central and southern sections, all popular that he was compelled to call new elec- make her present problems tremendously appeal- tions. The radicals were not allowed to nominate ing to her friends. This is a time when the Chris- a candidate so that the conservative candidate, tian forces should exert themselves to help Brazil.

Senor Justo, became President without the other Chile presents likewise an intensely difficult party voting. Now he is turning iIi every direc- situation. A little oligarchy of some hundred tion to secure from the Church, various conserv- families ruled Chile during the first century of ative groups and certain foreign interests, the its independence and it was only in 1920 that the needed backing. Freedom of speech is severely lower classes and the few people who had begun limited. to form a middle class, were able to give expres- Recently a reactionary group was holding an sions to their demands for reform. They elected enormous meeting in front of the capitol to pro- a reform leader, President Arturo Alessandri.

test against "communism." A suggestion was Chile literally seethed with new social thoughts, made for a movement against the Jews and it but Alessandri's reforms were too rapid and he seemed that the mob would take it up. A mem- was sent into exile. General Ibanez as President ber of the socialist party, Madame Gucovsky, a combined with American capitalists to turn over prominent social worker, asked to speak but did the greatest riches of Chile, the nitrate beds, to not reveal her identity. She began to appeal to a semi-government corporation dominated by for- the crowd by quoting the Lord's Prayer and com- eigners. Radical and communistic forces, even menting on each one of its phrases. "You are among public school-teachers, had been growing Christians," she said, "You are proud of your rapidly. Ibanez was overthrown; chaotic condi- Church. Would it not be the most Christian tions followed' such as Chile has not witnessed • Abbreviated from the Secretary's annual report to the Commit- since the immediate days following her independtee on Cooperation in Latin America. ence from Spain. President Alessandri has again [201 ]

been called to govern. He faces the most difficult primary schools which might receive help from kind of task. It would seem that only by a rapid a religious organization.

socialization program can he stay in power and Some of the early revolutionary leaders have stave off the threatening period of bloodshed and themselves become immense landholders. The chaos. generals seem to have a new lease on life and Peru is an equally critical situation. Many power. Communism, without any fundamental thought that President Leguia, in spending vast understanding of its significance and scientific sums on modernization, was saving his country; planning for its acceptance, is threatening. The but now is a good time for the glorifiers of dic- future for Mexico is less clear, the road is more tatorships and loans to visit Peru. The splendid obscure, than it has been since Madero began his new system of pavements, waterworks and roads, uprisings against Diaz in 1910. Here again the the beautifying of the city, magnificent public Christian forces seem to be on the defensive. The and private buildings recently erected, all are in spiritual idealism resident in a fine group of process of decay. Another dictator has come. young men a decade ago has largely disappeared. The members of the radical party "Apra" are in No doubt much of the old ideology is still present prison or in exile and the government is pushing in the people but as far as the leadership is cona quarral with Colombia, hoping to find public cerned it is difficult to find.

support on this account. The reactionary ele- Disorganized Student Life ments, consisting of· the military, the Church and the landed interests, are endeavoring to hold Peru Higher education in many of these countries is in the old ways. almost as completely disorganized as is political life. In 1918 the students at the University of In Cuba the situation seems dark. Economical- Cordoba, Argentina, called a strike, a protest ly the country has given herself over completely against the old and reactionary methods in the to the capitalistic system with one crop her only university and their close dependence on political guarantee of prosperity, foreign bankers and in- life. Thus was initiated a movement known as vestments controlling her material life. Presi- the University Reform, which spread over Latin dent Machado and his enemies are engaged in a America. This reform, calling for the modernreign of terror. Political assassinations are fre- ization of the curriculum, the participation of quent; numerous scientific and literary organiza- students in the election of the faculty as well as tions are closely watched by spies. The university other fundamental changes, has thrown the stuand the secondary schools of the country are dents into leadership against reactionary governclosed. The whole of Cuban life, national and ments. These governments have in turn closed international, economic and educational, must be the universities time after time. reorganized. The Platt Amendment, granting the United States the right to intervene in Cuba when In Cuba the university has been closed almost conditions seem to demand it, makes it necessary continually from 1927 up to the present. The for the United States either to take cognizance students and progressive members of the faculty of the present reign of terror or to supplant the have banded together against President Machado; Platt Amendment with a treaty which will put many have been killed and press despatches tell the responsibility of government and develop- of new arrests both of students and professors. ment, economic as well as spiritual, on the Cuban Even the public high schools have been closed people themselves. because the government claims that they also are centers of revolt.

Mexico, in 1917, adopted a socialized constitu- In Peru, the ancient University of San Marcos, tion which has been largely copied by other coun- Lima, has hardly had a continuous session for the tries like that of Spain. But has the idealism last ten years. After the fall of President Leguia of ten years ago been able to survive? As far a new rector, Dr. Jose Encinas, was installed and as the government is concerned this is question- began to modernize the institution, but he found able, with the exception of the rural educational himself in opposition to President Sanchez Cerro program. Much has been done in giving the and today the university is completely disorgan- Mexican people a new social attitude toward life. ized.

Peonage has been eliminated. The program for In Chile during the last three years students the distribution of land, however, has practically have often abandoned the classroom to do battle ceased. It was thought that the bitter struggle in favor of what they considered a reform move- between the State and the Roman Catholic Church ment. In July, 1931, they organized a movement was settled in 1928 but it has recently been re- which resulted in the overthrow of Ibanez and opened. Radical laws have been passed limiting have had active participation in the various severely the number of clergy in various states changes of government. It was reported that the and the Federal District, as well as prohibiting university had ceased to be a center of culture

THE SITUATION IN LATIN AMERICA

and had become a center of radical agitators. money, munitions and military mISSIOns, these The teaching force in the primary schools of latter often explaining the confidence of an ex- Chile is honeycombed with communism. The alted nationalism and its refusal to accept peace- average salary of these teachers is three hundred ful means, such as were used formerly, to settle pesos (about ten dollars) per month. A few these questions.

weeks ago the press reported a strike of teachers. The boundary question between Bolivia and In Venezuela the dictatorial regime of General Paraguay has existed for a century but became Gomez is continually in conflict with the univer- acute when petroleum concessions and coloniza- sity students and faculty. tion privileges were granted by Bolivia to foreign In Mexico the students have held the university interests. Large sums were then spent in England buildings against the attacks of the police and and the United States for bombing planes and firemen on several occasions and during the last other war material and General Hans Kundt of three years, since the university has secured its the German army was engaged to modernize the independence from the National Government, war machine in Bolivia. The country rose up there has been almost continuous strife. against the dictator Siles in 1930 and he and Gen- In Colombia, hundreds of schools have been eral Kundt had to flee. But the military elements closed because of financial difficulties; the same were well intrenched, and were soon again in the thing is true of other lands. Everywhere through- saddle. An undeclared war was launched in the out Latin America the educational situation is Chaco in the summer of 1932 and at the close of critical and in some of the countries it is more the year the German general was recalled to head chaotic than it has been for a quarter of a a drive to the Paraguay River. The resolutions century. passed by small groups of missionaries and South This is not to say that there is not much good American Christians against the war seem piti- educational work going on in these lands. The ably ineffective in face of the munitions furnished rural schools of Mexico, the new organization of by America and Europe.

education in Rio de Janeiro under a group of de- In the same way in Peru and Colombia, two voted, modern-trained educators, the new Dalton other countries where American missions main- schools in Chile and Paraguay, the remarkable tain schools, hospitals and evangelical work, cer- development of the University of Concepcion tain American business interests are backing the (Chile), the new spirit shown in the universities winner, whichever it may be, in the war openly of Buenos Aires and of Montevideo, the "Gim- being prepared. Colombia has recently fitted up nasio Moderno" of Bogota, the "Children's Re- a merchant ship as a war vessel and has dis- publics" of Colombia, and many other educational patched it with 800 men to the Amazon River.

developments recently appearing show the vital- Peru is counting on her aviation force, organized ity of education in spite of difficult economic and by an American naval mission, augmented by as political conditions. much new air equipment and other war machin- The Clash of International Wars eryas she can buy. The ownership of Leticia was settled by arbi- The last international war in South America tration in a treaty signed by both Colombia and was the one between Chile, Peru and Bolivia in Peru in 1922. But on September 1, 1932, this 1879-81. The only one before that, barring those sleepy little tropical Colombian village, located in connected with the liquidation of the revolts a triangle made by the forks of the Putumayo against Spain, was the war against Paraguay and Marafion Rivers in the jungles where they waged by Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay from unite to form the Amazon, was attacked by a small 1865 to 1870. Today, the whole continent is group of Peruvians. The Peruvian government, threatened because of the undeclared war be- instead of apologizing and withdrawing these tween Paraguay and Bolivia over the Chaco, and self-appointed conquerors, begins to raise funds the mobilization of the forces of Peru and Colom- to purchase fifteen bombing planes-just as Co- bia over the Leticia incident. This is another lombia raises an internal loan of $10,000,000 to proof of the chaotic moral life which has over- purchase other planes and ships.

taken the continent. South America lacks the The Ibero American Federation of Students, in idealistic drive it had when Argentina and Chile condemning these war-like preparations, says: settled their boundary dispute in 1904 and erected the "Christ of the Andes" to commemorate it. Most of the Latin American countries, those with Since the beginning of this century practically vast territories and sparse populations, often unculeveryone of these countries has settled by arbi- tured, and of debatable social efficiency, are far from tration disputes with its neighbors. having the necessity of defending their soil because their principle problem is to conquer the physical en- From the very nations from which mission- vironment, make it habitable, and incorporate it in aries go to these countries, there have come also the economy ·of the civilized groups. A conflict of

boundaries for the possession of a small piece of equa- Many other examples might ue given to show torial forests between peoples like ours that have grave problems to solve in the organization of their that below the surface, too often controlled by recivic life, the education of the mestizos and Indians, actionary elements, are stirring strong thoughts the development of industry, etc., is a crime without and emotions, that must sooner or later emerge.

.i ustification. Here for example is a young Chilean, a gradu- ate of the Chilean National University and of the We should not forget, however, to study the University of Paris. His is one of the best known situations that lie behind such conflicts. A British families in this country. While a student in Paris engineer of long residence in South America has he was called upon to write a thesis on some asrecently declared: pect of religious psychology. He bought a Bible to get first-hand information about religion. The The greatest hindrance in the real advance of South Bible made a profound impression upon him. He America in public morality, lies in the facility with looked up some of the leaders of the French Protwhich a very flood of money has been thrown at the estant Church and later in Rome he sought out governments of these republics from London and New the Waldensians and regularly attended their York. Steady retrogression in public morality is church. He was converteed and is now back in at times in evidence. Men of the austere type of Chile and eager to interpret Christianity to his Sarmiento, Avellaneda, or Mitre no longer hold the people. He has translated Monod's book on Protreins of power. estantism into the Spanish and is having it pub- lished at his own expense. Here is a proof of the Fortunately there are indications of a growing reality of the change experienced by this choice revolt against the old order and a determination representative of the best of Chile's life. He has to sacrifice comforts and position for a new day. felt the impulse to serve, so he has gathered Men are hunting for a new basis of life. They around him a group of young men for the purpose are asking what is life, what is the patria, who is of visiting the charity hospitals to carry comfort God, what are one's relationships to the Infinite? and cheer to the lonely sick. He calls this group: The subjects of public lectures, the articles in the Los compaile1'os de Emaus-"The Comrades of press and the books all reveal this. Emmaus."

Senor Carlos Keller, in a most interesting book, Need for Evangelism "La Eterna Crisis Chilena," says: The present economic crisis and the commu- We have given absolute preponderance to the de- nism of Russia are affecting Latin America to a velopment of the intellectual faculties, depreciating considerable extent. We have seen communist disthe sentimental one. Practical religion has been ex- turbances in Mexico, Central America, Colombia, cluded from our government education, what have we Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru, Chile; and even Uruguay substituted for it-journalism, the literature of strug- and Argentina are not free from this great dangle, high-sounding phrases without sentiment. The ger. Let us not forget these two important absence of religious feeling in our middle and superior factors: classes is symptomatic of the artificiality of our development during the last century. The Roman Catholic Church seems to have lost its leadership in the Latin American countries. Brazil has had her problems mercilessly ana- Natives with Indian blood, either pure or mixed, lyzed by the recent appearance of a two-volume constitute the majority in Latin America. The work, "0 Brazil Nadio," by the distinguished stu- Inca empire was a communist regime, and the dent, M. Bomfin, which discussed the realities of Aztec and Mayan empires were semi-communist. Brazilian sovereignty. Scarcely has any nation The Jesuit empire of Paraguay was also based on had such a challenge presented to overcome the communistic ideals. And the Indians today are weaknesses that are eating at its vitals. more restless and more receptive than ever. The work of the governments of Mexico, Central The brilliant young student, Luis Enrique America, Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru and Chile is Osorio, leader of the "Unionist Alliance" move- awakening them. ment in Colombia, has written in "Los Destinos del Tropico" a study of the future of the peoples To these two factors we ought to add the direct of tropical America, that faces squarely funda- influence of Russia, exerted by the sending of mental issues. emissaries or money to promote communism. The pure Iberian type, and even the Indian of the In Argentina Ricardo Roj as in "EI Radicalismo middle class, abhors communism; but these are de Manana," Arturo Capdevila in "America," the minority. Alfredo Colmo in a new study on revolutions about to appear, are facing their people with We may, however, feel encouraged because fundamental issues. Young Cubans, like Jorge the communism of Latin America, when native Manach in his "Indagaci6n del Choteo," are laying and not imported, is not antagonistic to religion. bare the reason why their country does not spiritually progress.

1!l33] THE SITUATION IN LATIN AMERICA

The Aztec communist, and the Inca communist, went to South America. He was born in Eng- and the Paraguayan Jesuit communist, were re- land in 1863 in a poor but Christian family. In ligious. Haya de la Torre, the radical leader in 1872 the family emigrated to South America, liv- Peru, was early won to Russian communism but ing first in Paraguay, and next in Argentina. At afterwards repudiated communism because of its sixteen years of age, William went to Buenos lack of idealism and religion. Jose Carlos Maria- Aires where he was employed by an importing tegui, who before his death was the greatest ex- firm. There he was impressed with the moral ponent of communism in Latin America, stated and material misery of hundreds of poor fami- very plainly that religion has a place in the hu- lies, which aroused his desire to serve them. He man life as ~Teat as that of truth or beauty. organized in 1898 the system of schools with Protestant Christians should take advantage which was connected a wide philanthropic agency of the present crisis by carrying out a great to help poor children. From an attendance of continental campaign of spiritual appeal, em- 126 the schools grew to number between six and bracing: First, the Protestant constituency, seven thousand. The Argentine government con- bringing it a greater vision of the present op- tributed directly to these schools and a large portunities; second, the common people; third, circle of distinguished Argentines and foreigners the cultured classes; fourth, the Indians. Devo- not only gave money but time to the development tion, vision and leadership for this are needed. of these remarkable institutions. More than four The services of Dr. George P. Howard are now million dollars was collected during Mr. Morris'

available to all evangelical denominations in life for the schools and charitable aid to the stu- South America. Last year most of his time has dents, that have totaled more than one hundred been given to Buenos Aires and Santiago de thousand.

Chile. In the early months of the year he held Such students of the situation as Dr. John A.

successful series of lectures in Buenos Aires and Mackay believe that good literature must occupy Montevideo; in the spring he transferred his a large, if not the largest, place in reaching the residence to Santiago and began efforts to open general public with the Christian message. Latin the way for his work in Chile. He attended the America needs men like Kagawa of Japan, whose World's Sunday School Convention at Rio de forty-five books explain much of his wide influ- Janeiro and en route held one of the most fruit- ence in his own land and in all parts of the world.

ful series of religious lectures ever presented in Any large Christian movement in Latin Amer- the city of Buenos Aires. One of the large down- ica must be accompanied by the right kind of town halls, with a seating capacity of 800, was books and magazines that will appeal to the mod- rented for a week's lectures. The results were ern youth and adults. Visiting the large well far beyond anyone's expectations. Beginning stocked book shops in Latin American cities, we with an audience of 500 people, the crowd in- find that the books there displayed are, for the creased each evening until on the last evening the most part, "communistic," philosophical and radi- doors had to be closed to prevent overcrowding, cal. This indicates the difference in the thinking over a thousand people being present. These and of the young Latin American today and the youth other experiences have enthused him more than in the United States. The temper of the modern ever for the task in which he is engaged. He world indicates that more than ever books and writes: periodicals cast in the right form offer the great- I am amazed at the rapidity with which events are est opportunity for reaching wide circles of people.

taking place here in South America. We must act The Committee on Cooperation in Latin Amerquickly. This is Latin America's day of white heat. ica is doing its utmost to help the Christian The firm impress of Christ must be laid now on the forces in those countries meet the present need. fluid material of these young commonwealths. The In my recent trip to South America I had opporfrightful chaos in social and political life, the misery tunities to address ministers' associations, coland suffering in economic affairs, are all creating a feeling of nostalgia for something imperishable and lege and seminary faculties, endeavoring to show a willingness to listen to any who claim to have the them the possibilities that lie before them in these way, the truth and the life. And we know that we troublous times. Stimulating Christian literature have them. is also sent to the field; summer conferences are The wide influence of the lives of Christian being held in some countries; regional gatherings workers, even though organization seems to slow were held following the World's Sunday School down, has been emphasized this year through the Convention at Rio de Janeiro; conferences, lec- death of Rev. William Morris, the founder of the tures and retreats are arranged to bring together series of schools known as the Argentine Philan- persons engaged in evangelical work; and local thropic Schools and Institutes. Many believe that evangelical workers are cooperating to extend Mr. Morris was the greatest missionary that ever the Kingdom of God in Latin America.

R. Matt: Missionary to the

By PROF. KENNETH SCOTT LATOURETTE, D.D., I New Haven, Connecticut I r=""- Professor of Missions and Oriental History, Yale University i FORTUNATELY Dr. Mott is still with us, as that have since passed he has sought great things, hard at work and as youthful in outlook as they have not been for himself. He has truly en- ever. We are not here primarily seeking to deavored to "seek first the Kingdom of God." express our appreciation of a great life. Dr. Mott would not wish for praise and the Christian world One of the secrets of Dr. Mott's immense useis so well aware of his usefulness that any verbal fulness has been that he has interpreted that tribute comes near to be- phrase, "the Kingdom of God," in large termsing superfluous. Rather we attempt briefly to out- that he has never been line what can be accom- willing to set any boundplished by one life, dedi- aries to the Kingdom. He cated in youth to the Will has always been eager to of God, daring to attempt have his conceptions of it great things for God, and broadened, desiring only having confidence to ex- that he should not miss pect great things of God. God's leading and that the Kingdom should always be At the urgent request of God's. To this may probthe program committee, at ably be ascribed two of his a quadrennial convention qualities which have been of the Student Volunteer a constant inspiration to Movement some years ago, his friends-his own con- Dr. Mott departed from tinued growth in outlook, his usual reticence about a characteristic w h i c h his own inner history and gives him a perennially gave a great student audi- youthful quality, and his ence the story of the de- unfailing capacity to lift cision which, in his early other men's horizons. student years, altered the current of his life and put Early in his Christian him in the path which has experience Dr. Mott was led step by step through led to give the central the many open doors of place in his life and large opportunity which thought to Jesus Christ. he has since entered. He Ever since then the living Christ has been to him a rea lit y. It is in the had transferred from a .TOH N R. M aTT strength of that convic- small Christian college to tion and that fellowship a large university, hoping in that way to remove that he has dreamed and labored. Many now in himself from strong Christian influences, and middle life can remember, as though it were yes- while a student in this latter institution he heard terday, how in their student days they heard him one of the Studds, that English family which had speak of the meaning of Christ to him and this been so profoundly stirred and changed through kindled in them the longing that the same experi- D. L. Moody, speak from the words "Seekest thou ence might become theirs. The manner in which great things for thyself? Seek them not. . . . .. his life has been lived is in itself an additional Seek ye first the Kingdom of God." The texts evidence-if one were necessary-of the reality struck home. Dr. Mott was led, after much wres- and the power of that Presence in whom Dr. Mott tling of spirit, to make the decisive dedication of so firmly believes. To that quiet confidence can be his life to the service of God. While in the years attributed, at least in part, the unhurried and al- [206 ] most serene manner which is one of his most the colleges and universities of the United States marked characteristics-even when, as so often, and Canada, organizing associations on campuses, he has seemed to be carrying a suffering world on enlisting leaders, and helping producce literature.

his heart, endeavoring to bring it, redeemed and He showed here, as elsewhere, a remarkable fac- purified, through a long night of agony. ulty for recognizing potential ability in youth, en- Dr. Mott came early to feel that among the listing it in the Christian enterprise, and making meanings of the Kingdom of God is the transfor- opportunity for it to develop to the full. For years mation of defeated lives into victorious lives. To he presided at the annual student conferences at the mission of dealing with individual men in pub- Northfield. He conducted many evangelistic cam- lic address, and in private interviews, he has given paigns in the colleges.

many years. He has by no means forgotten this As chairman for more than thirty years of the mission or felt it to be an outgrown phase of his executive committee of the Student Volunteer development, even though in later years he has Movement, he headed that organization and di- found it necessary to devote much of his time to rected and presided at most of its quadrennial organization. He would be the first to say that conventions. These gatherings alone have had an the machinery in which he has necessarily become outstanding effect in quickening interest and en- so much involved is useless unless it contributes listing life in the world-wide mission of the to this remaking, in Christ's image, of broken Church.

men and women. From 1898-when he was in his early thirties- In his undergraduate days, Mr. Mott·was led to to 1915 he was in charge of the foreign work of think in terms of the entire world. He was one the Young Men's Christian Association and has of that hundred who, in 1886, at that first student been largely responsible for the world outreach of conference at Mt. Hermon, dedicated themselves that organization. During these years he made to foreign missions and with whom the Student tours around the world and to many different Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions began. countries, chiefly for the purpose of reaching stu- He has told how his own vision was strengthened dent groups and enlisting them in the Christian and broadened in the early days of the Movement enterprise. To his vision-when he was barely as a group of which he was a member was led, thirty years of age-was largely due the bringing through study, discussion and prayer, to adopt the into existence of the World's Student Christian watchword "The Evangelization of the World in Federation. For a quarter of a century, from this Generation." Noone knowing him can doubt 1895 to 1920, he was its general secretary, and that through the years, whatever others may have from then to 1928 its chairman.

done, he has been true to that watchword. His As he grew older, Dr. Mott's outstanding abili- conception of what is implied by "evangelization" ties inevitably brought him into a still wider range has been enriched, as it must be for all who are of activities. He became chairman of the Con- open to God's guidance. He recently reminded a tinuation Committee of the Edinburgh Mission- student audience at how many more angles the ary Conference and when that was succeeded by missionary enterprise is now touching the world's the International Missionary Council he was life than was the case in his own undergraduate made chairman of the latter body. In the former days. His vision, therefore, has not only remained capacity he toured the world in 1912-1913, helping world-wide, but he has been led to see more and to set up national committees which should make more how many are the phases of the world's life effective the cooperation begun at Edinburgh.

which must be entered and claimed for Christ. These later grew into the National Christian He has a profound conviction, to which he has Councils. He was the organizing genius and the often given voice, that "Christ must be Lord of presiding officer of the Jerusalem meeting of the all or he is not Lord at all." Through it all, how- International Missionary Council. More than ever, it is evangelization-making open channels any other one man, he has been responsible for for the "good news" of Christ-which has been the coordination and cooperation of Protestant his dominant concern. missionary forces the world around.

The major tasks to which, in pursuance of the In 1915 he became the general secretary of the vision of his youth, Dr. Mott has set his hands and International Committee of the Young Men's heart are part of the history of Christianity of Christian Association and held that office past the the last half-century. He early associated him- usual retiring age. In 1926 he was made chair- self with the Young Men's Christian Association, man of the World's Committee of the Young then in the rising tide of its remarkable growth Men's Christian Association. During the World in this country. As head of its student work for War he carried the heavy load of the general sec- nearly a quarter of a century, he contributed more retaryship of the War Work Council of the Young than anyone can measure to the religious life of Men's Christian Association. He it was who was largely responsible for the magnificent service Dr. Mott has taken time to be a student. He is rendered by that body and upon him fell the a prodigious reader and is the author of a dozen major share of the burden of raising the enormous or more volumes. funds required. Now in his late sixties, although some of his The trusted friend of presidents of the United greatest years of achievement may well yet lie States and of statesmen the world around, more ahead, there is need for rising young leaders who than once he has had offers which might have will take up the work that he will lay down. The lured him into the field of politics and diplomacy. call is for men to do for the coming generation However, he has kept resolutely to his purpose something of what he has done and is doing for of working through organized Christianity. Only ours. Even more than ever, the need is for men on two major occasions, the Mexican Commission who will make a dedication of themselves to God of 1916 and the Special Diplomatic Mission to and his Kingdom in their youth, and who view Russia in 1917, has he been drawn even tempo- that Kingdom as one which is world-wide. The rarily into the field of international politics. power of God is not diminished. We hope and pray that in this new generation there will be Throughout his life, crowded as it has been with those who will allow it free course. travel and heavy administrative responsibilities, AMERICAN CHURCH EXPENDITURES FOR SELVES AND OTHERS Gathered from United Stewardship Council Statistics, 1932 A blank was sent to the officials of the communions beneficent work outside of the budget. The statistics are named below and the statistics are from their replies. for the denominational fiscal years. These statistics are from living donors. Interest and legacies are not included. Budget benevolences are those in The column headed "Total Gifts for All Purposes" in the denominational national budget. Denominational be- some cases contains gifts from living donors which were nevolences include budget benevolences and such other con- given either from nonbudget denominational benevolences tributions as are made 'for denominational missionary and or for non- and interdenominational benevolences, and there is no method of dividing them.

PER Ol~PIT'A GIFTS 'l'OTAL GIFTS – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – ——–c–.——————- Membership COllUlluniun I Congre- Budget Denomina- Cungre- in United Benevo· tional gational All Purposes States and gational All Purposes Oanada – ) – – – – Expenses lences Benevolences Expenses (18) $12.94 $'2,911 ,823.00 ! $12,20'3,275.00 : $15,115,0'98.0'0' 943,063 (:;) 5.87 (2) 21.04 1,22S,()~2.10 , 1,,,.57 .437 .51 56000 (17) (10) 16.81 24,313,7?4.oo : 28,360,4:18.00' ' (25) 2.BO (24) 6.80 26, 79R, 75,:~.(j:l 1,445:615 (]4) (25) 5.06 32,618,125.56 :;,044,566 1.47 (6) 18.31 855,543.()O i 1 ,:~56,477 .00' (~1l :1.13 (22) 7.1:; 19,195,468.00 I 22,652,901.00 143,425 2.51 11 ,217,168.9:1 14,134,186.16 , 1,0'48,205 U41 (5) 18.66 4,245,640'.00 5,129,171.00 1,572,732 (15 ) 1.1'5 227,472 :~.12 (10) 3.69 (13) ]5.8.'1 3.774,171.27 4,658,574.94 2:;9,611 (2~) 2.48 (D) 4,:381,634.78 5,090,461.84 259,896 16.~6 (23) 1.89 (21) 670',862.00' 837,148.00 87,52:3 7.66 (0) 3.87 (17) 18.42 12,207,358.00 i 15,728,268.00 !J09,307 (13) ~.28 (8) 17.8:; 67,863,940.00 , 82,758,490.00 , 31,616,016.00 :1,915'.755 (19) 2.71 (20) 9.23 24,028,455.00' 2,603,095 (7) 4.61 (14) . 15.55 353,739.22 445,369.83 (11) 16.70- I 18,378 (8) 4.46 3,020,939.00 , 3,909,209.00 180',956 (.5) 5.35, I (3) 20.45 50,426.861.00 1,957,999 39,95O',927.m : 11,063,584.00 468,532 (2) 6'.93 (12) 16.68 i 7,816,420'.00 ' 1,860,90;] (20) 2.68 32,520',350.00' 37,500,000.00 100,198 (6) 4.97 (23) 6.06 4,569,420.00 346 945 (12) ::L~9 3.613,083.00 , 396;687 (18) 2.i2 (1) 22.55 ! 4,812,035.00 , 6,0'41,700.00 615,751 (4) 5.42 4,883,171.00 : 5,525,530.00 1,001,520 (11) 3.:32 (16) 1:3.87 14,326,371.00 178,177 10,735,812.00 i 18,036,646.0'0' 0) 0.24 (19) 11.05 14,702,001.00 i 5,159,950.00 (7) 17.H 3,-«)8,516.00 , (15) 14.6R ;, (4) 19.13 $3.79 $14.56 – – – – – – – – – – – .. ——–.—–.——-'—~——————— Compiled for the United Stewardship CounCil, HARRY S. MYERS, Secretary, 152 Madison Avenue, New York City.

Above is a part of the annual statement pre- obtained from denominations claiming 23,729,604 pared by the United Stewardship Council, show- members within the United States. Probably ing the gifts toward congregational expenses and there are approximately seven million more membenevolences reported by twenty-five Protestant bers in the 190 other Protestant denominations denominations (twenty-two of them in the United listed in North America. States and three in Canada). Judging from the total of membership given in the table, 24,582,311, While the figures are impressive it can be seen and deducting 852,707 as the total of the three by a comparison with the reports for previous Canadian churches, the statement shows figures years that the present financial shortage is being reflected in the treasuries of the churches.

-Facing the Future in Home Missions*

By the REV. WILLIAM R. KING, D.D., New York Executive Secret4ry of the Home Missions Council I T IS much easier to look backward over the We have not yet fully realized the effect upon past, or to review the present than it is to pre- Home Missions, for example, of the passing of the dict the future. This is particularly true in frontier in the early nineties which marked the these changing and uncertain times. Noone can first great change of direction in the "march of see very far, or very clearly today in the thick democracy" in America. Neither have we in any weather through which we are sailing. Visibility adequate wa.y sensed the significance of the rise is exceedingly low. He would be rash, indeed, who and dominance of the great city in America, which would assume to speak with very much certainty is rapidly urbanizing our entire civilization, and about anything today, especially about Home Mis- producing a new type of humanity with which the sions. The old trails over which we have come Church must deal. Nor have we fully appreciated stand out in bold relief, but the highways of the the revolutionary influences of what Prof. Randall future are still largely uncharted. calls the reign of the twin gods of science and the As we lift our eyes to the future of Home Mis- machine, "which, though they have held sway over sions we are confronted with some sobering facts us barely fifty years, have destroyed more that and situations. Several disconcerting clouds hang was old and built up, more than is new, than any across the horizon of the new day-the cloud of invading army in the history of man." Nor have a national and world-wide depression that gives we recovered our equilibrium since the World no sign of lifting in the near future; the cloud of War, which so completely upset our civilization declining incomes and diminishing budgets that and disturbed our religious and ecclesiastical orthreatens to remain for a considerable time; the cloud of an amazing lack of interest on the part ganizations. of the rank and file of our church membership, We cannot wisely plan our Home Missionary which shows but few breaks of penetrating light; and the cloud of a rapidly changing America, program today unless we take into account the which is complicating the task and changing the effect of these great changes that have taken place entire character of the enterprise for all time to in America during the last forty years, and parcome. ticularly within the last twenty-five years. Since the Home Missions Council and the Council of No one can read the report of President Women for Home Missions were organized in Hoover's Commission on "Re,cent Social Trends" 1908 something unprecedented has happened to without being dazed by the kaleidoscopic changes America, and consequently something has haptaking place in America. No part of our national pened to Home Missions. Both the old America and the old Home Missions have gone.

life is being more affected by these "trends" than How Shall We Face the Future? our religious life-no institution is more affected by them than the Church-and no part of church First of all we must face the future; we cannot life is more influenced by them than Home Mis- escape it. We cannot live in the past. We cansions. The President's Commission says, "Of the not rest in the present. The future claims us. great social organizations, two, the economic and We must face it with a calm and resolute deterthe governmental, are growing at a rapid rate, mination to carryon. while two other historic organizations, the Church and the family, have declined in social signifi- The greatest peril to Home Missions today is cance, although not in human, values." It is un- the temptation to surrender to the "depression" doubtedly true that the Church has been the slow- -to withdraw within our tents and wait for the est of all our institutions to sense the changes of clouds to roll by. Our dangers are lack of courrecent years, and the tardiest to adjust itself to age, loss of morale, failure of faith and counseling the new situations. with fears. While the times are hard and distress very real, there is a good deal of scare about the whole situation. We need to read history and * An address at the Fe!Iowship Dinner on the occasion of the recall "the years of the right hand of the Most Twenty-fifth Anniversary of the Home Missions Council and the Council of Women for Home Missions. High."

[209 ]

This i:,; no time for letting up in our work. praisal conferences having for their purpose the This is the time for a real advance. When Gen- re-evaluation of Home Missions. Since the Wash- eral Joffre found the situation going against him ington Congress about fifty follow-up conferences at the Marne he said, "My left is shattered, my have been held in different parts of the country right is wavering-let the center advance." The to discuss the new day for Home Missions.

only way out of the present disturbing situation is Last year our study book, "The Challenge of ahead. We cannot afford to wait for the depres- Change," carried to thousands of mission groups sion to lift; it may remain for some time. We in the churches over the land the message of the cannot afford to wait for the income of boards to Washington Home Missions Congress.

increase, we may need to get accustomed to Through surveys and special studies made we smaller budgets. We cannot afford to wait for a have gathered more than one five-foot shelf of more convenient season, or a more advantageous valuable data on Home Missions, which has en- position, the center must advance without delay. abled us to determine our objectives and get our Theodore Roosevelt is quoted as saying, "Nine- new directions in Home Missions.

tenths of wisdom is being wise in time; and if a Lay Out Our Program of Advance country lets the time for wise action pass it may bitterly repent when, a generation later, it strives This program will be reported to the two Coununder disheartening difficulties to do what could cils in January, 1934, by the Five Year Program have been done easily if attempted at the right Committee. The advance recommended will be moment." neither to the right nor left, but straight ahead.

This is the time for a forward movement in It is not a new direction we need now in Home Missions, both home and foreign. We must ad- Missions, it is a new emphasis. We have already vance now, and from where we are. We are prone turned the corner. We need now to speed up the to be like the Kentucky mountaineer of whom processes already started. Weare headed right; President Hutchins of Berea College tells, who was let us quicken our pace.

asked by a traveler the way to Cincinnati. After Mission Boards have been in process of read- making several attempts to direct him how to get justment for some time. Our cooperative proc- out of the hills to the main highway the moun- esses began twenty-five years ago, when these two taineer said, "Well, str:anger to be squar' with Councils were organized. The leaders of that day you, if ye want to git to Cincinnati, ye'd better not "discerned the signs of the times" and began to start from here." work together.

Preliminary Steps for an Advance We are not now contemplating anything spec- tacular or extravagant. Any advance movement In any advance movement there are certain should be simple, practical, inexpensive and un- things to be done. ostentatious.

First, we must determine our objectives and get In conclusion, we ought to go into this uncer- our directions. This has largely been accom- tain, but intriguing future with new slogans, with plished. We have been "re-thinking" Home Mis- new appeals, and with a new unity. Let us say sions for five years. Three years before the Lay- less about budgets and quotas and reports, and men's Commission began its study of Foreign more about needs and service and Kingdom inter- Missions, the Five Year Program of Survey and ests. Let us say less about hardships and more Adjustment of the Home Missions Councils had about the claims of Christ and the opportunities.

been under way. Let us say less about denominations and more Surveys have been made of twenty-five states about our common responsibility for the saving in whole or in part. A number of special project of America. The great days of Home Missions surveys and intensive studies have been made. are not all in the past.

Four large national conferences have been held- There are great days for Home Missions pos- the Cleveland Comity Conference, 1928-the De- sible in the next twenty-five years. But we must troit City Conference, 1929 – the Washington make them. My one appeal is that in spite of Home Missions Congress, 1930-and the recent declining incomes and reduced budgets, in spite Chicago Conference on the City and the Church in of the clouds that hover over us, in the name of the Present Crisis, 1932. All of these were ap- Christ and America let us go forward.

To have courage without pugnacity; to have conviction without bigotry; to have charity without condescension; to have faith without credulity; to have love of humanity without mere sentimentality; to have meekness with power and emotion with sanity-that is Christianity.-Charles Evans Hughes.

Out a Demon in

The Story of Some Results of Student Evangelism* I Told by DR. GEORGE S. McCUNE _·otEf President of Union Christian College Pyengyang, Korea H ~, CAME in howling like a wild maniac. have thought that old sinner would repent and They say I'm crazy!" he cried. "Be still! live again with his wife?" Let me alone! I will tell you . . ." and a They never saw it on this fashion before, and volley of incoherent verbiage burst into the quiet the fame went abroad. Every night nine hun- dred gathered to hear the Word, and over three morning precincts of prayer. hundred became Christians.

A hundred faces in the dim light of dawn sud- If the Gospel word is sharp enough to cut asunder the base instincts of the soul from the denly turned toward the great door of the court- Godward yearnings of the spirit, as it had for Mr. Kim, can it not pierce to the hidden depths yard. of the human mind and relieve a demon pos- sessed man? Something like this must have been "The demon possessed man," they whispered the reasoning of these simple-hearted villagers. For the afflicted man's family hope burst as a and instinctively shrank away. ' springtime blade from the ashen years of help- less resignation. . Th~ unfortunate victim's family were leading And so on the calm of the morning air break hIm m for prayer, and the worshippers would the cries of this wild maniac: have fled had not this wretched figure become a' "Don't strike me! Keep away!" His relatives held him firmly and led him to the fampiar one to them through the years. student in charge. It was a prayer meeting, and here was a subject for prayer forcibly and bodily SIxteen years before this the village of Pyuk- presented, albeit an unusual one. Alone the stu- dent would never have included such a point in dong had heard a group of college boys from his outline notes. He inwardly trembled. But the Holy Spirit sometimes takes charge of church Pyenl?yang preach the Gospel, and then had sunk meetings, and God often thrusts strange words into yielded mouths. back mto the age-old darkness apparently to drag The boy preacher prayed simply, definitely, earnestly to the Lord Christ who is the same yeson the weary days as before. But now another terday, today, and forever-to the sympathizing Jesus, on whose lips it seems natural to hear the Gospel Team from Pyengyang Union Christian word of authority, "Be thou made whole." Again to the evening service came the pos- College had come; and the power of the Holy sessed man, and together the boys continued in prayer all through the night. Spirit was coming upon them. When it came time to close the meetings and go on to the next village, the afflicted man with For months, almost from the beginning of the his relatives followed after them. The disciples of old, in their annoyance, petulantly murmured, fall term, .thir~y or forty of the college boys had "Send her away"; but these students saw in the case the leadi~g of God. They asked the Chrisbe:n meetmg m fo~r groups, praying for special tians in the village to unite with them in interces- sion .and spent in turn a good part of the night gUIdance and blessmg. At the close of the spring praymg.

term eighteen of them were led to form three evangelistic teams, six students in each group.

~fter praying they decided they must go out dur- mg the summer vacation and preach nothing other than Jesus Christ and Him crucified.

One of these teams came to the village of Pyuk- dong, where they could not find a single Chris- tian, although some confessed to having heard the Jesus doctrine preached some sixteen years be- fore. A man of the village offered them a board- ing place and cleared an open space for their meetings. They preached in the power of the Holy Spirit and a well-to-do man, consorting with two concubines, was convicted of sin, gave the two "small wives" a .good.living, sent them away, and made a home wIth hIS own wife.

sai"dT. his"TJheseures'sdoMctrr.inKe iisma-wsthrayn,gewhtoheinv~gr" people would P('~~~2)Ol'tP(1 for The /Io,'ca, Mission Fidd, by ViC'tOJ' 'Vellington [ 211 ]

While they were praying an old woman was evening meetings at the Union Christian College convicted of sin. She had all her lifetime been Auditorium. The main floor is filled every morn- in bondage to the fear of evil spirits, but now she ing at five-thirty for prayer. Thirty millions souls met a Loving One who could break every fetter in Manchuria need to be saved for Christ and our and set the sinner free; she heard His word, boys are preparing for that conquest. Some Ko- "This is life eternal, that they should know thee, rean students already speak Chinese fluently and the only true God." She went home and gathered they will make excellent missionaries in the next all the family together, seventeen of them. Evi- few years. Some of the students of our College dently, as in the days of the apostles, she "and and Academy, 'of the Theological Seminary, the all her household" believed unto salvation, for Soong In and the Girls' Academy, gave their pen- they collected all their articles of sacrifice and the nies, dimes and dollars. Some are living on two objects connected with spirit worship and brought meals a day; others are wearing patched clothes; them out to burn. some saved money by not going home for vaca- Thus God manifested His favor in one village tion, and others earned money by hard labor, to by redeeming an old polygamist and in the next send a Korean missionary to Manchuria.

by revealing to a whole family that He alone is God. The man bound by Satan was not yet re- A LUCKNOW GOSPEL TEAM stored, though he seemed to be getting better.

Apparently God was drawing faith out to a great- This team grew out of the Student Christian er victory. Association Camp. Each year an initiation cere- mony takes place in which the pledge of member- The next place the evangelistic team entered ship is taken by new and renewed by old memwas a large market town. It was a strategic point bers. It is expected that they abide by certain for a Gospel victory, and the students were im- principles and put into practice the team's motto, pressed with the greatness of the opportunity. which is: To this place also followed the afflicted man. God seemed to be waiting for the best time to answer. Service on the basis of friendship with God, friend- God's silences are as purposeful as His clearest ship with Team members, and friendship with other words. people. The ideals are to keep clean and pure in word, action, thought, body and heart. Through the long night hours they pleaded that the power of Almighty God might be manifested The pledge of the membership runs as follows: and that He might receive all the glory. God answered, "I have both glorified my name and Trusting in God to help me, I promise to abide by will glorify it again"; for had He not saved a the principles ·of the Gospel Team, and sincerely enhopeless polygamist in the first village and in the deavor to put into practice its ideals throughout my second delivered a family from a host of demonic life. Nothing that I do will be done with a view spirits and gathered many people to His name? solely to please people. I will strive to the best of my ability to keep clean in thought, word and deed; About three in the morning they felt led to call to maintain brotherly love; to treat all women and to the demon possessed man: "In the name of girls with respect and honor; and to willingly accept Jesus of Nazareth we command you to leave this punishment for any breach 'of the Gospel Team rules.

man." This year the team has decided upon the follow- That Name has lost none of its ancient power ing forms of service: on prayerful lips; instantly the demon left and 1. Meditation and sharing of experience. the man was fully restored. The power of Jesus 2. Village uplift or rural reconstruction. Telling the was talked about through all that district and people the primary principles in sanitation, and first where only thirty or forty Christians had met be- aid in common accidents. Educating men and chilfore, now twelve hundred crowded in every night dren. to hear the new and living Way expounded. A 3. Social Service. Visiting the sick in hospitals, church of eight hundred is now worshipping in and wherever required. Helping in burials.

this market center every Sunday. 4. Neighborhood Service. Night school. House vis- Student Work for Manchuria itation. Holding Sunday schools and services for servants.

The Christian young men of Korea are inter- 5. Religious Service. Preaching the Gospel in moested in extending Christ's Kingdom and fifteen hallas, villages and slums among Christians and nonhundred men have come in from all parts of Christians. Bazaar and mela preaching. Giving full Pyengyang province to study the Bible. About assistance and cooperation with prayer and active two-thirds of those enrolled are under thirty service, and making definite contribution in all reliyears of age. It is proving to be a council of war gious and social camps, conferences, institutes, conto wrest from Satan's grip a million souls for ventions and evangelistic and revival meetings. Help- ing the various churches in the city and outside the God's Kingdom. Four to six thousand attend the city, whereVer help is necessary.-Indian. Witness.

A Continental View of the Laymen's

Report By the REV. JULIUS RICHTER, D.D., Berlin, Germany I N MY view, the second and third part of "Re- Church and mIssIOnaries are attempting to ac- Thinking Missions," with the review of the complish. We, in Europe, hoped that after Lau- situation and the problems of selected mis- sanne and Jerusalem and Herrnhut there was a sionary agencies, are by far most valuable but no common conviction on the content of the Chris- attempt is made to give a comprehensive view of tian message but the Report calls every such state- the missionary situation in any of the countries ment in doubt. If, in spite of the deficiencies of visited. It seems to me im- the dogmatical statement, at- possible to evaluate the rela- tention is concentrated on the tive importance of these agen- This paper by Dr. Julius Christian "way of life" that, cies in the different countries Richter, the well-known au- by the overwhelming majority without such a background. thority on continental missions of friends of missions will be The presentation lacks per- and the author of "Missions in regarded as misleading and spective. Any true appraisal India," "Protestant Missions in unsatisfactory. After reading of the mISSIOns and the the Near East," and other stand- the first and the fourth parts churches in India or China or anredntvaloluEmueros,peshanoswslohookw actontthie- of the Report and vividly pro- Laymen's Appraisal Report, and Japan should keep in mind how it presents itself to a man testing against many of their what has been attempted there who has devoted twenty-seven content, many will not have in former times, what meth- years to writing the history of the patience to peruse careods they have used, and what fully the second and third sec- have been the results. If such the Protestant missions in all tions which contain the most a general critical survey is at- foreign countries. He expresses valuable recommendations. tempted by a group which is great respect for the writers of Again, there is a veil of in- able to carry it through with "Re-Thinking Missions," and definiteness spread over the the broadest outline, the his- gratitude that these fifteen men Report. One almost never and women devoted a year to a tory of the past work should close study of the missionary knows it relates only to the not be left out. From this re- situation in Asia. At the same seven denominations or if the port it is impossible to obtain time he takes a very decided ex- mission boards have any di- a satisfactory view of the mis- ception to their basic ideas and rect relation to the sweeping sionary situation in any of many of their findings. proposals. In many cases it these countries as a whole. is apparent that the Apprais- Any critical remarks can be ers have in view the whole correctly weighed only from this background. Protestant missionary movement, and yet evi- It seems also a pity that the Commissioners dently their information is insufficient. No athave put the whole emphasis of their authority on tempt is made to differentiate American, British the first and the fourth part of the volume con- and Continental missions. As a whole, the Re- taining their philosophy of the missionary move- port seems to have in view the average type of ment from the standpoint of enlightened human- American missions, but what type that is in their ism. We appreciate with what candor and eyes one can only surmise. impressiveness Professor Hocking is arguing Many of the practical proposals of the Report against a shallow secul::trism; these chapters should be read not as an attack against a positive are in line with the plans of the International Mis- sion Council and of the commissions sent out in Biblical and historical conception of the Christian connection with the Council, as, for example, the faith, but as an attempt to render the foreign Burton CommIssion to China, the Lindsay Com- missionary movement acceptable to many Ameri- mission or Christian Higher Education in India, cans, who have lost any conception of what the the Commission on Christian Education in Japan.

[213 ]

In almost every case they go beyond what these Would a central recruiting office, perhaps in concommissions and the International Missionary nection with the American office of the Interna- Council think attainable under present circum- tional Missionary Council be commendable? stances. This surplus calls for comment. A council on rural community work, drawing Cooperation of the Protestant missionary forces upon the united strength both of the mission and is the watchword of all missionary conferences of the Church in each country, might become an since Edinburgh. But it is extremely doubtful if intelligent and far-seeing agency for planning acan all powerful ministry with autocratic authority tivities, for selecting and training the personnel to direct foreign missions, is possible either for and for making the necessary financial arrangethe whole Protestantism or separately for North ments, yet what unheard of unification and con- America, Great Britain, and Continental Europe. centration of foreign missions would be required It is hardly worth while to elaborate the merits of to make it really effective. so chimerical a proposal. It is also questionable whether more would be gained or lost by relegat- It is easy for an American to thunder against ing the functions of the denominational foreign the shortcomings of the denominationalism, but mission boards to higher authorities for the col- interdenominational unification in common work lection of money only. The Roman Catholic on a large scale is already in view. If the regions Church is attempting the experiment. Would it of denominational narrowness are toned down too be wise to follow its leadership in this field which far will there not be danger of indifference and of must be handled so discreetly? looseness in church adherence?

Much might be gained if it were possible so to Almost every proposal looks inviting at first, amalgamate and to concentrate educational ef- but in view of the rash enthusiasm of the Comforts, either for the colleges and universities or missioners, the wisdom of the International Misextending the cooperation downward to the high sionary Council is evident in making haste slowly. schools, the secondary schools or even the primary schools. The example of the Roman Catholic The Report puts its finger on many sore points strategy is alluring, but how far is it practicable? in the Protestant missionary movement, and it Will the academic institutions of British India, never shrinks from giving clear cut advice. In originating from Great Britain and from North this respect it may serve as a healthy stimulant. America, ever be amalgamated that way? Will We can wish that the eyes of the general missionthat ever be possible in China? Would it be pos- ary public should be turned from the much desible to pool the financial resources coming from a bated parts I and IV and concentrated on the numscore of denominations with different ideals, such berless practical questions of part II and III so as the Baptists and the high church Anglicans? that the situations described there might be care- fully studied, and the recommendations given more adequate consideration.

T. he Indian Mission of Fellowship The Rt. Rev. J. S. C. Bannerji, Assistant Bishop of La- fectively conveyed except in the spirit of true hore, who was the leader of the Mission of Fellowship friendship and real fellowship. This has given us from the Churches in India to the Churches in Great Brit- a new insight into the problems of missionary ain, thus describes the three months' tour of the principal work in India. centers in Great Britain and Ireland made by the four Indian Christians. The Mission of Fellowship has enabled us to see certain things with reference to the land to which THIS three months has been a new revelation we brought our message. Great Britain when seen to us and we thank God for the riches in in her true perspective, is truly great. She has Christ Jesus that are ours by virtue of the taught us many a truth which we shall carry with age long search of our forefathers for things spir- us back to our own land. itual and unseen in that land of India. We go back with renewed zeal to claim for ourselves and our We have also seen something of the heart of Church the fullness that is ours in Christ Jesus. Christian England. We have seen how much warm sympathy and goodwill and a sincere desire to do the very best for India there is deep down in We have come to consider afresh the question the heart of the Christian people of England. We why in spite of the openness of the heart of India know we can trust them. Enthusiasm for things to receive spiritual truths, there has been in re- spiritual and abiding is very great. When we saw cent years a spirit of resistance against Christ and thousands of men and women gathered to hear the His Gospel. We have seen, as never before, that simple word of God, we realized that deep down in no spiritual message to a foreign land can be ef- their hearts there is a hunger for God.

~~'~==..,….".,.–"""""===-~~~"""""""'~====~=——-""=~==I~

Effective Ways of Working I 'rested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~'=I=====================II~'

SPRINGTIME SUGGES- we bow in Japan," "In India we "Resurrection from the dead." TIONS will all salaam," "In China we A description of Easter customs shake our very own hands," etc. in other countries follows, the An Easter Program for children repeating after the Children The decorations suggested for leader well-known greetings- the Easter program are flowers the girls saying, "He is risen," "If children pray together -brought by the children them- and the boys replying, "He is and play together the world is selves if possible-canaries in r i sen indeed." In America saved." cages, artificial butterflies, green Easter cards take the place of and white hangings and Easter Easter calls, visiting and feast- This is the basic thesis of eggs 'providing that their sig- ing, and the church service is "Festive Programs," a series nificance is fully explained. The the great event. Special musical published by the Women's Mis- invitations consist of a card numbers complete this simple sionary Society of the United with a simple white flower but impressive service.* Lutheran Church in America, painted in the corner by the from which we take the follow- children, or represent a bell or April Showers ing suggestions. cluster of bells cut from white cardboard, with dignified in- In an article in The Mission- Based on the holidays or festi- scriptions. Instead of a real ary Link, describing a send-off vals of various countries, the ob- game is suggested a study of the service for a group of new misject is to show that the boys and sionaries, the presiding officer girls in all countries have happy countries in which Easter is remarked that without doubt times just as they do in Amer- celebrated because Christ is the new missionaries had each ica, and that they love their known. Maps are used if de- had many "showers," but she country and its festivities just sired. The children are asked proposed to the assembly that as American children 10 v e to name countries which keep one more be given them-a theirs. In this setting, "Reli- Easter and those which do not, "Shower of Promises" to cheer gious festivals are introduced to lining up as for a spelling match, them on their way. These prombring abo.ut the realization of the leader calling for the Chris- ises came rapidly and spontanethe need of a Saviour in all na- tian countries from one side and ously from the audience as each tions…. Emphasis is put upon one gave some Scriptural promthe similarities instead of the the non-Christian from the ise which had been his or her differences in the nations of the other, the sides vying as to which own stay in life: "Commit thy world. Where a difference is can hold its place longer. Lead- way unto the Lord"; "He shall noted it is explained that it is er explains that while Japan, give his angels charge over the lack of the knowledge of China, etc., do not keep Easter thee" ; "Be careful for noth- Jesus Christ that makes people as a nation, many of their peo- ing"; "My grace is sufficient for different. Racial and color char- ple who have attended our mis- thee"; "In quietness and in conacteristics are ignored. The sion schools and churches do. fidence shall be your strength," programs are simply a 'coming etc. The leader's own contributogether' of the boys and girls The program proper begins tion was most inspiring: "Courof our country and others." with the reading of the Easter age! it is I" (Revised Version). Memory work, handwork, deco- story, Luke 24: 1-10, by a child rations, invitations, music and or its repetition by a group of In a young woman's organizagames are outlined; the last- children, one or more appropri- tion, a shower of paper butternamed-excellent adaptations of ate hymns or carols, and sen- flies fluttered down from an umour familiar games to mission- tence prayers. The leader then brella opened above the group; ary words and actions-are op- explains the changes in spring- each butterfly was inscribed tional in the programs. For time and its consequent appro- with a number corresponding to instance, an adaptation of "Here priateness for the Easter season. that on a piece of missionary lit- We Go 'Round the Mulberry Seed or cocoon development may erature to be claimed by the Bush" begins, "Here we go furnish the visualization. The 'round the world together," and very word Easter comes from· * Booklet obtainable at the Literature in its several choruses the re- an old word meaning April; but frain repeats, "This is the way the meaning of the word which Headquarters, 723 Muhlenberg Building, we know best and celebrate is, 1228 Spruce St., Philadelphia, Pa. Price, 15 cents. [ 215]

recipient. A similar plan uses yond argument. Mrs. Claire part of September (sometimes small paper tags hanging by Goodsill Chandler writes us re- as picnic meetings with quilt threads from the edge of a sus- garding this feature in the piecing as an avocation), the pended umbrella. In May the Galesburg Baptist church. She groups read, discussed and disame purpose is served by a tells how the girls in her Sun- gested the subject matter. In- basket of crepe paper flowers, day-school class, after studying cidentally they rolled up a large each of which is attached to a "On Racial Understanding" number of points in the Baptist missionary leaflet. Half opened (Youth and Christian Life Se- Reading Contest. The demand rosebuds may be used in June. ries), decided to adopt Christian is for more porch parties next All such plans add zest which Americanization as their acti- season. Mrs. Chandler adds: tends to create an appetite for vating project. After inviting "It was a delightfully easy the inspirational reading matter. a successful leader in such work method for encouraging mis- to hold a conference with them, sionary reading; and 0 n c e AFTER THE SCHOOL OF they started out on a schedule started with a dependable lead- of weekly calls in the homes of er it took care of itself." MISSIONS-WHAT? local foreigners-mostly Mexi- N. B.-A cool drink served by Recent suggestions of this De- can, Hungarian, Greeks and the hostess was the limit of the partment have majored on spe- Italians. They give lessons in inevitable "refreshments," thus cial plans for mission study, as English and in many other ways minimizing preparatory work featured in the annual School of show themselves good friends and maximizing attention to the World Friendship. Shall it now and neighbors to the "New subjects in hand. be left with a sense of: There, Americans." The class prothat's over for another year!- an unrelated sidetrip in the grams for the year carry out IMPERSONATING MAGAyear's trek? Or shall it be so the same motive. Each month ZINES integrated with the year's en- is spent considering a different deavor as to be a fundamental country, with the committee in Eternal vigilance is the price and continuous factor? The charge planning decorations, of much besides "liberty." Plans prime essential for the latter programs, refreshments, enter- for stimulating the subscription plan is: tainment, etc., after the manner endeavor must be varied and of the country studied. Showers oft repeated. We are indebted A Missionary-Minded Pastor for Baptist stations, in the coun- to Viola Merritt Lyle, of Turtle tries considered during the Creek, Pennsylvania, for the fol- The Rev. W. N. Sager, of School of Missions, are held lowing excellent contribution: Bucyrus, Ohio, writing in the under the direction of a spe- Evangelical-Messenger, says: cially appointed "Shower Lady," At one of our meetings the litera- ture secretary used impersonations to make her subject matter more inter- The pastor is, or should be, the whose task is to plan appropri- esting. Securing magazine covers leader, director and example in mis- ately for the reception of small from local subscribers to the three sionary study, appeal and response in articles of ascertained need in publications to be considered, she so far as his congregation is unre- Indian stations in Arizona and basted these· decoratively on the white lated to the needs of the unevangel- Montana. These may be placed dresses of a corresponding number of ized. The business of missions is the on a dateless Christmas tree, or enthusiastic women who could be debusiness of the Church, the business in an Indian drum. Amounts of pended upon to give their subject of the Gospel. … This is the supreme money needed for specific ob- matter convincingly. The monologues purpose of the Church. For the nec- jects in stations in China are to ran something as follows: essary recruits we must look to the be dropped into a Chinese lanleaders of these flocks. The shep- tern to "send out the light." 1. I am the Year Book of Prayer. herds are responsible for their train- Come with me and I will show you ing. . . . The task is so important, so Another plan that has proved the fields where our missionaries far-reaching that the utmost loyalty of great value in this church is work. We will visit lonely places in to the Master's Plan and the most en- that of Porch Reading Groups. our land where probably you have during faithfulness must obtain, if Both the Home and the Foreign never gone, and then cross the ocean the work is to be well done. Not only study books seemed so readable to other countries. I will show you would indifference or neglect on the last summer that the local Mis- schools where· the thought of God has part of the pastor limit his useful- sionary Education Committee been so changed that instead of bowness and bring a smaller harvest, but suggested the formation of ing in terror before an idol, the chilthis would depreciate the activity of neighborhood reading groups dren love and worship the Father in the members of his church, and as a for the summer afternoons. heaven. We will see the Spirit of consequence, his church would not ac- Leaders were secured in differ- Christ at work in the colleges, on the complish its share of the work of the ent parts of town, and near-by campus and in the classrooms. Let Great Commission. . ',' Our church, women, girls and available men me take you to hospitals where suflocal and general, is dependent for were invited to become parts of fering people find healing for souls as her success on the mental training, their groups. The Woman's So- well as bodies. . . . Best of all, I will spiritual devotion and loyal obedience ciety bought the books-five of lead you to the Throne of God in earof her pastors to the program and nest prayer for the coming of His leadership of those in authority. the most colorful-each leader Kingdom. 0 come with me this year. making her own selection. Meet- Importance of Follow-Up ing weekly during August and I am the Year Book of Prayer. Projects (She remains standing as the next The paramount value of acti- impersonator enters eagerly and joins vating the study material is be- her.) 2. I am Women and Missions. My sister has offered to show you other people and lands. Now let me take you into the homes of the missionary

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

workers and their friends where you May wisdom, knowledge of the work, a five-pointed star with the re- may hear them telling why a mission- enthusiasm and the ability to inter- quest that she secure one recruit ary wants to go to China-or Arizona, est others be yours in good measure. for each point during the year, and what he does through the happy, The duties of your office require writing the names on the succes- crowded days. . . . In my pages you (enumerates duties). For you we sive points and publicly posting will hear girls and boys who have light this White Candle (suits action the stars at the final meeting. learned the joy of Christian living tell to word), as symbol of your office. how they have gone home to show White is made up of all the colors; -MRS. JOHN A. PRICE, Re/ormed their own people the way of life. And so the president must have the sup- Church, Toledo, Ohio. my pictures! What a host of scenes port of all her officers to make her they will show you! Come with me work complete." RECIPES FOR CHINESE through the year: meet my people: EDIBLES hear their stories: laugh with them: (President is then led back to her cry with them: love them. Come, chair and vice-president taken for- Candied Apples journey with me around the world. I ward to be similarly inducted.) am Wotnen and Missions. Small apples (like crab ap- "For you we light the Yellow ples) are cored and dipped in a No.3. I am THE MISSIONARY RE- Candle, as symbol, etc. YeJlow de- sugar sauce (syrup made of VIEW OF THE WORLD. My sister pub- notes life, strength, sunshine-all nec- brown sugar and water cooked lications have offered you many essary in assisting the president to do until brittle when tried in cold attractions, but you need me to com- her work." water). The Chinese have from plete your missionary library. My 5 to 10 apples on each stick. sisters are largely concerned with the A similar ritual is used for the rework of one denomination. But sure- cording secretary for whom a Blue The Chrysanthemum Bowl ly your sympathies are not confined to Candle is lighted as signifying truth, the fields of the Presbyterians alone. steadfastness, faithfulness. For the The Chrysanthemum Bowl is I bring you news of other groups. corresponding secretary, a Rose Can- a Chinese chafing dish in which The Church of England speaks dle, rose denoting the rosy hue which the flame from the alcohol rises through its missionary bishop; the must run through the correspondence, about the bowl of steaming food American Bible Society tours Brazil especially to the sick, shut-ins, be- likE;: the petals of a chrysanthewith you. Laymen and theologians reaved. For the treasurer, a Gold mum. Served with rice and folspeak to you about the things of the Candle is symbolical of money. For lowed by an orange or pumello world-wide Kingdom. The voice of the secretary of supplies, program, (the nearest to that in America "Effective Ways of Working" tells of Christian citizenship, membership, is the grapefruit) it makes a new ways to do the ever-recurring stewardship, literature, etc. (accord- very palatable meal. tasks that grow so stale if done in ing to local roster), as a group, a the same old way every year. Through Green Candle symbolizes growth- Tea Eggs me you may learn what is done in the new members, program, ideas, litera- Council of Women for Home Mis- ture, etc. 1 doz. eggs; 1/2 cup dark tea sions, and the· Federation of Women's Boards. My "World-wide Outlook" All newly installed officers are then leaves; 1 tbsp. salt; 1 stick cinwill keep you posted on current namon. events, and my "Missionary Book- asked to rise and face audience to be shelf" furnishes infinite variety. Boil eggs hard, then crack the Take me to your heart and home. I introduced individually. The install- shells thoroughly and put into a am THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE ing officer asks for support of entire pot with hot water to cover. WORLD. society and administers the following Sprinkle over the top with tea pledge: leaves, add salt and cinnamon, (SeclIre subscriptions at close.) and let simmer slowly long "Do vou, as members of this so- enough to become thoroughly INSTALLATION OF ciety, p'ledge your loyal support and brown inside. OFFICERS whole-hearted cooperation with these officers?" Fish Chinese Style By MRS. C. B. STAUFFER, Lakewood, Ohio Answer, "We do." 1 fish; 2 tbsp. flour; 1 cup All rise, form circle and sing, water; 2 tsp. soy s a u c e ; This service opens with a few "Blest Be the Tie that Binds." Clos- chopped ginger to taste; 1 tsp. remarks appropriate to the or- ing prayer. Chinese onion; 1 tsp. brown ganization, given by an install- supar; salt. ing officer, after which the METHODS BRIEFS chairman of the nominating Clean fish and fry in deep fat. committee comes forward and Accentuate interest and ac- Drain. When wanted for use, addresses the officer somewhat tivity in any missionary group reheat in the following sauce: as follows: by dividing its membership into Prepare thick sauce of flour, wa- two sections named after the ter and salt. Cook five minutes, We present to you these women fields or subjects for the cur- add soy sauce, chopped onion, who have been selected to carryon rent year's study-Chinese and ginger and sugar. the work of our Women's Home Mis- Indians this year-and have sion Society fQr the coming year. We them vie with each other for Sweet Potatoes, Roasted believe they possess the qualifications points such as attendance, dues Chestnuts necessary to do their work cheerfully, or offerings, new members obthoughtfully, prayerfully. Each has tained, etc. These are two popular foods been chosen for her special adapta- sold on the streets, baked in a tion to the work of her office and it is For reporting a convention or portable stove, often "called" in with pleasure that we present them. associationaI meeting: Have one the s t r e e t s .-From Chinese person-presumably an invalid Dishes for Occidentals. (Chairman of nominating commit- or stay-at-home-sewing in her tee then leads new president to plat- own living room when one or form and introduces her.) more callers come in and tell with animation, as news, the Installing Officer: "The honor that main points of the meeting to· is yours is not greater than the re- be reviewed. This takes away sponsibility which the office conveys. the formality of a report.

Give each member in the fall

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BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK I ~,,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ CONTINUING PRAYER could pray that "the Chinese difficulties of the migrant la- soldiers be victorious," her reply borers have been multiplied a On March 3, 1933, individu- was that as Christians they hundredfold. In times of plenty als and groups who are follow- would "ask God the Father of the migrant laborer is the last ers of Him, who came to give all to aid in the victory of the to share; in times of distress life and more life, to all men, country which had the greatest he is the first to be eliminated prayed to be faithful in walk- contribution to make to the hap- from the educational, health and ing the same Way of Life. Mrs. piness of the peoples of the recreational plans of the com- C. C. Chen of Shanghai, who world." munity. After years of neglect, prepared the program for medi- migrant schools were organized tation and prayer which was Therefore with all this host for the migrant children in Caliused all round the world, has of witnesses encircling us, we fornia. In 1932 everyone of growing children whom she must strip off every handicap these schools in one county was would guard from venom of the . . . run our appointed course closed; now hospitals have in hatred of Japanese children. 'So steadily with our eyes fixed upon some cases closed their doors to they are taught at this time of Jesus as the pioneer and the per- the "migrant." great tenseness between the na- fecter of faith.-{Hebrews 12: tions that in Japan are families 111o.ffat translation.} At this time of curtailment in with grandparents, fathers and all these programs, the life of mothers and children like them- THE CRISIS IN THE WORK the migrant laborer is further selves; and, that the suffering AMONG MIGRANT burdened by irregular employof the many people both Chinese CHILDREN and Japanese is caused by mili- ment and wage cuts from 25 % tarists rather than by followers In these days when the atten- to 50 %. They receive forty of the Prince of Peace. When tion of each is centered on the one of her sons asked if one needs in his own community the cents instead of one dollar and fifty cents as in 1928 for pick- ROSALJE READY FOR HER BATH ing one hundred pounds of cot- ton. In some crops children of [ 218 ] five and six years are found working in the fields to add even a few cents to the family earn- ings in spite of school attend- ance laws.

Word has come from a field in the West that the "starvation period" has arrived. In Janu- ary and February from the East, in New Jersey, comes the report of terrific floods. The shacks, already elevated on stilts to escape the incoming tide, are flooded. Eight hundred "mi- grants" are sleeping on army cots in available buildings in the town. One large oyster house is so damaged that business has ceased and many of these people have been thrown out of work with no money or food. From five to eight hundred are being fed daily by the churches in the neighborhood. The Red Cross has been enlisted. Never has the work of the Council in this field been so valued by the com-

1!l33] BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL 011' WOMEN .FOR HOME MISSIONS

munity and the migrant families was demonstrated by the num- for strengthening it, but there as in these days of crisis. With ber who in this time of economic was also a strong conviction the added difficulties in the mi- stress were in attendance at the that in it, along with disarmagrant situation have come added Eighth Conference on the Cause responsibilities to the Council of and Cure of War held in Wash- ment, lay the only hope of the Women for Home Missions. As ington' D. C., January 17-20, of world for permanent peace. a result the year's work closed this year. The delegates from That public opinion, as repre- December 31 with a deficit of the eleven national women's or- sented in these women's organover seven hundred dollars. You ganizations which cooperate in izations, has progressed during may know of individuals or or- this annual conference came the eight years that these conganizations who could help. from all parts of the country, ferences have been held toward north, south, east and west, and a manifest desire for greater in- AGAIN WE SAY, represented groups of women in ternational cooperation is shown many varied activities, such as by the "Declarations of Princi- "Let No Man Despise Your Youth!" clubs, Leagues of Women Vot- ples" unanimously adopted by ers, Y. W. C. A., W. C. T. V., the conference, which is as fol- James Frederick Green, Yale missionary societies and church lows: 1932, representative of the Na- tional Student Disarmament groups of various kinds. The After eight years of exploration into the causes and cures of war by Council of V. S. A., in his ad- organized church women were means of a program based on condress to the World Disarma- delegates of the Council of ment Conference, Geneva, Feb- Women for Home Missions or sidered study and action, we, the ruary 2, 1932, said in part: the Federation of Woman's members of the Conference on the Cause and Cure of War, make the After contemplating the events pre- Boards of Foreign Missions following Declaration of Principles: ceding the catastrophe of 1914 we re- which are two of these eleven main unconvinced as to the wisdom of member organizations of the 1. We believe that international coour predecessors. . . . We respect the National Committee on the operation and international concilianoble war dead, but we question the Cause and Cure of War. tion must proceed on a wide front judgment of those responsible for and without further delay through their death. The theme for the conference governmental and through private was "War and Waste," and the and public agendes. Organized slaughter, we realize, program included some very does not settle a dispute; it merely realistic presentations of the 2. We believe in the political intersilences an argument. . . . situation in the world today in dependence of nations. its bearing upon international The other speakers have much at 3. We believe in the economic instake; we have even more, for we terdependence of nations. are literally fighting for our lives. I 4. We believe in the active promo- tion through governmental and other stand before you as an attorney for relations, and the machinery set channels of the cultural relations of the defense, pleading for a reprieve. up since the World War for the the nations. . . . It is the young men and women prevention of war. Among the 5. We believe in the creation and of my age who will be commanded mobilization of an informed public to commit suicide. It is my genera- speakers were Dr. Stephen P. opinion, in order to exert a continution which will be requested to de- ous pressure on the Executive and stroy the best of human culture, per- Duggan, who gave a most inter- the Congress of the United States of haps civilization itself, for causes esting account of conditions in which future historians will discover South America; Dr. Mary E. America so that the principles here- in enunciated may be translated into to be erroneous, if not utterly stupid Woolley, who spoke on "The or actually vicious. We have thus Status of Disarmament"; Mr. measures effective for world unity lost interest in being prepared for Ralph H. Stimson, who talked and world peace. cannon fodder. about the war provoking influ- ences of the manufacture of Among the resolutions passed In a sense, I am presenting an ulti- armament, and Mrs. Vera M. by the conference was one exmatum, rather than a petition. For Dean, who gave an address on pressing satisfaction with the behind your deliberations stands star- "Russia Plans a New Order." policy for implementing the ing down at us the specter of Death. In the program also, were Pact of Paris announced by the We desire to live and to live at peace. Round Table discussions on war Hoover administration and its We desire to construct a world so- debts, disarmament, and the Far appreciation of the stand taken ciety providing freedom, equal op- Eastern situation, all led by ex- by the incoming President in reportunity, and a sense of security. perts on these subjects. The affirming the necessity of strict We desire to make possible for every final session closed with an ad- maintenance of treaty obligahuman being full development of per- tions. Another resolution exsonality in terms of the highest human and spiritual values we know.

EIGHTH CONFERENCE ON dress by President Neilson of pressed approval of the Joint THE CAUSE AND CURE Smith College, who spoke of the Resolution b e for e Congress OF WAR "Chances for Peace in the World granting to the President the power to prohibit the exporta- Today."

By ELINOR K. PURVES As the discussions proceeded tion of arms to nations at war, That women are vitally inter- through the four days of the where in his opinion a sufficient ested in the movement for inter- conference it was made clear to number of nations are willing to national cooperation and world all that the peace machinery of cooperate in such actions, and peace and are willing to make the world had many weaknesses urged favorable action by Con- sacrifices in order to secure it and that there was great need gress.

One of the features of the Following Christ is no less the addresses, but broke up into conference was the jury of than living Christ. smaller group conferences for twelve which listened to the dis- the discussion of the many difficussions and at the final session Live Christ culties that are preventing the brought in as Findings the Dec- nations of the world from atlaration of Principles referred Live Christ! – and though the way taining permanent peace. Some to above, and the "Objectives for may be of the problems included "Four 1933" for the member organiza- Public Enemies – Armaments, tions, the main purpose of the In this world's sight adversity, Debts, Tariffs, and War Costs"; conference being to set up a He who doth heed thy every need "Has the United States a Peace program around which the De- Policy?"; "International Mapartments of International Re- Shall give thy soul prosperity. chinery to Bring Peace"; "The lations of these organizations Church and War"; "Christianmay build their respective pro- Live Christ! – and though the road ity and Coercion." gram for the year. may be A Peace Picture Exhibit was The "Objectives for Action" The narrow street of poverty shown in connection with the He had not where to lay His head, conference. Numbering 451 call upon the women of these or- cartoons, posters, photographs ganizations to arouse public Yet lived in largest liberty. and pictures on the war-peace opinion in favor of (1) the im- issue, this display showing the Live Christ! – and though the road horrors of war is considered one mediate ratification of the World may be of the finest collections of its Court Protocols; (2) the dec- kind. It was collected by Dr. The straight way of humility laration of an embargo on arms He who first trod that way of God Francis N. Onderdonk, head of to nations at war after the President has secured the coopera- Will clothe thee with his dignity. the Department of Architecture at the University of Michigan, tion of other nations; (3) the Live Christ! – and though thy life and an ardent pacifist. It is concontinual implementing of the may be sidered unusual from an artistic standpoint as well as for its con- Pact of Paris by nonrecognition In much a valedictory, tents. Pre-war painters as well of situation brought about con- The heavy cross brings seeming loss, as the most modern type of Ger- man and Dutch artists were reptrary to its obligations; (4) the But wins the crown of victory. resented, among them, Otto Dix, whose series of prints on the achievement of definite results Live Christ !-and all thy life shall be brutalities of war have labeled during the second stage of the A High Way of Delivery- him as "the Erich Remarque of etchers." Disarmament Conference along A royal road of goodly deeds, certain definite lines, and (5) Gold-paved with sweetest charity. CONTINUING PRAYER the entrance of the United Live Christ !-and all thy life shall be On the first Friday in Lent, A sweet uplifting ministry, February 16, 1934, Christian States into the World Economic women and men young and old Conference without reservations A sowing of the fair white seeds and the children, too, will gather That fruit through all eternity. again in the world fellowship of and with freedom to discuss the -John Oxenham. prayer and giving for others. problems relating to the present Mrs. Lewis Hofmeyer of Cape- YOUNG PEOPLE'S PEACE town, Africa, is preparing the economic crisis. CONFERENCE program on the theme "Pray for the Peace of Jerusalem." In the The Council of Women for The realization that the bur- November issue of the MISSION- dens of the next war will fall on ARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD will Home Missions and the Federa- the shoulders of the younger be found the report of the world generation and that a deep sense observance in 1932. tion of Woman's Boards of For- of responsibility rests with them in thwarting propaganda which Mrs. Poling chose as her eign Missions have accepted would precipitate another crisis theme for the March meeting of led the New York Quakers to the Administrative Committee these objectives as the basis for call a two-day Young People's of the Council the year's work, together with Peace Conference, which was held on February 12 and 13 at "According to your faith be it unto those parts of the Federal Coun- the Friends Meeting House, 221 you" and East 15th Street, New York cil's "Memorial on World Peace" City. "A new commandment I give unto you, which related to disarmament, that ye Four hundred and fifty deleinternational cooperation and gates between the ages of fifteen Love one another, as I have loved and thirty-five from churches, you." the World Court, all of which synagogues, schools and colleges are very similar to actions and in New York, New Jersey and recommendations of the Confer- surrounding communities heard ences on the Cause and Cure of Norman Thomas, Frederick J. War. The women of the Libby, Dr. Edmund B. Chaffee, churches, if they accept this pro- minister of Labor Temple, Program, will then be uniting with fessor Allen G. Alley of the other groups of women in nine League of Nations Association, national organizations, and with and Dr. Louis 1. Newman, New the churches represented in the York rabbi, discuss various as- Federal Council in a united ef- pects of the peace problem. The fort to further the cause of in- young people not only took part ternational cooperation for the in the general forums following prevention of war.

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n Our W orld–wide Outlook lr it A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events ~'-I_~'"—–'~"'-"""""'-=–====—=~==-=—-==~==~–=I~~ INDIA-BURMA legislative councils as against 71 the average length of stay here was formerly. They will sit there, 2.03 years. In time the average length Waning Interes,t in Hinduism not as members of the "de- of stay will incline to be shorter. pressed classes," but of the These all go on six months' parole. Twelve years ago half a mil- Hindu community. While politi- The average number of those who relion pilgrims bathed in the God- cally Mr. Gandhi's fast has been turn after parole is 37.5 per cent. It aviri River at Nasik; last year a success there is still a grave may be assumed that most if not all a hundred thousand visited the problem presented by certain of those who do not return are conholy place. These were two orthodox groups who refuse to tinuing to keep well. Of those who Sinhasta Years when the planet give up their ancient customs of have returned the number of relapses Jupiter enters the sign of Leo caste. Unless this is done Mr. is 13 per cent, but none of these were and the water in Ram's Pool is Gandhi announces another fast serious; save in rare cases their nonbelieved to have unique purify- -this time unto death.-J. J. infectivity remained untouched, and ing power. Though ancient In- BANNINGA, Pasumalai, India. they all yielded to brief further treatdia continues to assure the world ment. We keep trace of the Christhat the life of renunciation is Do Not Close the Garo Schools tians who go from the hospital, the way to God, yet it seems evi- through their Christian pastors; with dent that this search is gripping Christian Garos support forty the others we have no such intermedithe Indian people less and less evangelists who work among ary. We should like to keep our "diseach year. Other interests are children in the Garo Hill vil- ease arrested" patients longer under surging forward and religion is lages where the American Bap- observation, but the daily pressure is dropping into the background tists have a mission. As soon as too heavy. particularly among the intelli- these children learn even a little gentsia. If this modern attitude they are never again contented -Without the Camp. is a protest against the sterile re- with all the silly, useless form of sults achieved by overemphasiz- eviil spirit worship. Knowing A United Work for Outcastes ing renunciation, it is a whole- this, many villages will not persome step in advance. If, on the mit a school to be opened, so if Alwaye, in north Travancore, other hand, it means that all re- any of the fifty-seven schools are has become a field of united ligion is to be tabooed, it spells closed it means the end of or- Christian effort on the part of danger for the future.-WILBUR ganized Christian work in that Jacobite and Mar Thoma Syrian S. DEMING in The Missionary village. Recently a conference churches, and the Anglican. The Herald. was held in the Garo Hills at settlement was begun by a group which forty Garo representa- of young Indian and English Legislation by Fasting tives and nine missionaries sat men to grapple in a Christian together for six hours a day for way with the problems of the de- Can you imagine Dr. Daniel four days, discussing many prob- pressed classes. The obj ectives Poling threatening to fast to lems of the work, especially in of the group might be summardeath if America does not posi- regard to retrenchment. The ized as follows: to spread the tively and definitely go "Dry"? Garos pleaded that these schools Gospel among outcastes and to If Dr. Poling did such a thing might somehow be kept open, for help in their uplift, so that real would he get more than condem- often the teacher is the only oneness in Christ might be realnation as a publicity stunt Christian village leader. ized, to train Christian leaders puller? No-not in the United from among the outcastes, to fo- States. But in India-there we – Watchman-Examiner. cus the attention of educated have a different psychology. people on the village problems Nothing strange about Mr. Leprosy Arrested of India, to draw together Chris- Gandhi's method there. Tele- tians of East and West, and grams flew about the country Rev. G. M. Kerr of DichpaIi lastly, to give to students of Unand officers of high rank got Leper H 0 s pit a I, Hyderabad, ion Christian College the chalbusy to see what could be done writes: lenge that higher education for when he began his fast. The de- the Christian should result in pressed classes, numbering about The last eight months have seen 184 higher service. There are still 65,000,000, really gain a great patients discharged as "disease ar- 300,000 non-Christian outcastes deal politically, for they will now rested"-our biggest number as yet in Travancore. occupy 148 seats in the various within such a period, but undoubtedly treatment is becoming more intensive -C. M. S. Outlook. and more speedy in result. Of the last 300 discharges in this category Dacca Mission to Students [221 ] For the last forty years a spe- cial feature of the Dacca Mission

has been the evangelistic work tracts for Moslems. Thus the Burma, non-Christian as well as among students, and some no- School has great potentialities Christian.

table Indian Christian leaders for reaching the whole of India's CHINA have been won as the result of 77,000,000 Mohammedans. -The Mission Field. this quiet, personal, persistent Multiplying Dollars work – through Bible classes, Origin of Gospel Teams Dr. Percy T. Watson writes lectures and social intercourse. The Burma Gospel Team work from Harwood Memorial Hos- This old Moslem capital of East- was started by Mr. Dyer about pital in Fenchow: ern Bengal is the center of a 1923 and the work grew steadily. populous area, and the seat of a In 1930 the Team met a man "For years this hospital has great university. A little group in India who had been changed had to economize on furniture. by his contacts with the Oxford Most of patients' beds had no of Christians was discovered Group and they found that they bedside chairs. The best rooms there in 1817. They were called had much in common. Many of had no dressers or chairs, and "Truth Teachers," and had in the methods, much of the ap- even bedside tables were at a their possession, carefully pre- proach, and all the desires for premium. From a small town of the ultimate goal were the same. less than a thousand people in a served in a wooden box, a much- The Kingdom of God Movement rural section of the United States worn volume from which they in Japan has the same motive a lady sat down and wrote a derived their spiritual guidance. as do the Gospel teams. One hu- check on the small local bank and Noone could say whence the man source common to all these enclosed it in an envelope ad- m 0 v e men t s was Henry B. dressed to the Fenchow Hospital. book had come, but they stated Wright of Yale, who taught suc- No letter accompanied it. That that they had possessed it for ceeding student groups from thin envelope brought many fat many years. It was a copy of 1900 to 1924, and Frank Buch- things-tables, chairs and Chi- Carey's first Bengali version of man, Samuel Shoemaker and V. nese dressers, which averaged the New Testament, printed at W. Dyer were among the num- together, made the cost of each Serampore in 1800. The book ber.-Watchman-Examiner. article only a little over $1.00 in had been Christ's messenger be- American money. This Amerifore any preacher had arrived. Student Questions can check on a small, out-of-the- way American bank was cashed Thirty years ago a hostel was The Rev. Paul J. Braisted of in Tientsin by the North China Judson College, Rangoon, Bur- Mission treasurer, changed into provided and accommodates !50 ma, writes that the modern Chinese money without discount university students. Its ChrIs- at the same rate as a New York tian influence upon the constantly changing groups is im- measurable. -Missionary Herald.

Lahore's School of Islamics Burmese students are keen and draft, and netted in fact $2.00 more in Chinese money than did The Henry Martyn School of earnest sewahrcehnerDs r.afJtoesreptrhutqh.. an international money order Islamics in Lahore was founded Recently for $10.00 American money a few years ago in recognition cashed at the local post office." of the need for better equipment Robbins, Secretary of the AmerIof missionaries in presenting -The Congregationalist. Christianity to India's Moslem can Baptist Foreign Mission Sopopulation. The School has set Schools for the Deaf itself to study Islam in all its ciety visited Rangoon the folbearings, to study Christianity The deaf are the only class of in its relationship with Islam, lowing questions were among people in the world who cannot thereby to help the Christians of be evangelized until they have India to understand Islam; and those propounded to him by the been taught in special schools. then to help missionaries and There are now ten such schools evangelists all over India to students in the Mission College: for the deaf in China, seven defiadopt such methods and litera- nitely under Christian manageture as will meet the problem. What are the marks which should ment. They are not reaching Besides this research, the School more than 400 deaf children out is teaching and writing. For separate a Christian from others? of at least 40,000 who cannot those who cannot make personal hear and should be in schools. contact with the School, "The Need a man who leads a pure and People of the Mosque" has been The forty-four pupils in the prepared. This is the first at~ true life believe in Jesus Christ to go Chefoo school have given a contempt to furnish in textbook tact with many homes and Chiform all the different things a to Heaven? nese people of all classes who What happens to people who follow know very little about the Chris- tian religion. other than Christian religious teach- ers?

Is it possible to live a completely un- selfish life? . .. Can a rich man live a ChrIstIan life? K. Is it possible to establish the mg- dom of God on earth?

Is there a God? How can I get a vital Christian ex- perience? . ?

Do animals have Immortal souls.

Further questions covered the missionary to Moslems needs to range of creation, revelation Evangelizing the Farmers know of Islam. An Urdu edition and denominations. The group is in preparation. The literary included representatives from A mixed Bible school for output also includes a series of all the major racial groups of farmers and students held at

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Mienchow in the summer of laymen, medical missionaries, level, approached through rob- 1931 proved so helpful that it and a number of foreign repre- ber-infested country, and the was decided to follow it up by sentatives of institutions and or- seat of an important lamasery, regular e van gel i s tic effort ganizations for the relief of has been occupied. Denja, whose among farmers. Under the lead- lepers, research, and treatment monastery has been visited at in- ership of the Rev. Wu Shuen-hsi for the disease. The attention tervals and is subject to Lhamo, some of the senior students at of the Conference was centered will also soon be occupied. This Mienchow Middle School formed chiefly on the leprosy situation marks real progress in the occu- themselves into an evangelistic in China, distribution of the dis- pation of Tibet. On the Indian- band, and various members, with ease, medical treatment and re- Tibetan border Moravian evan- a leader, went at week ends to search, and consideration of the gelists, who have returned from neighboring farmsteads. They future of leprosy work in China. a journey into Ladakh, report an conducted a lantern service on This Conference has furnished encouraging welcome by the peo- Saturday evening, and the next a stimulus to greater vigilance, ple and a thirst to hear and to day held services for men, and stronger effort in combating read the Gospel. women and children. At one the menace of leprosy. -World Evangelization.

farm, especially, these meetings -Without the Camp. Christian Leadership proved most fruitful. The head farmer burnt his idols publicly West China's Woman Pioneer The following statement was and instituted family worship made recently by Wong Kueiinstead. Since then the work Fourteen young women were Sheng of Nanking: "We Chinese has developed rapidly, and to- graduated last year from West day there are about twenty peo- Christians will not be always reple in that district who worship China Un ion University at peating the names of Jesus and Christ.-C. M. S. Outlook. Chengtu, Province of Szechuan. of God, or confining our energies As each received her diploma, to the preaching of creeds; but Prices for Hospital Care the largest ovation was given to we shall go out and actually save Helen Yoh, a graduate in medi- "If you came to our doors," and liberate and nourish and writes the Superintendent of the cine, the first woman to receive a build up the character and life Presbyterian Hospital at Weih- medical degree from any Szech- of every man who is enslaved by sien Station, "you could have a uan institution. Her father is the power of sin, and so demonnice ward bed, food, nurse's and strate our religious faith." doctor's care, all for 12 cents in almost a millionaire from the U. S. money per day; or you Chinese point of view, and is A similar note is sounded by could go second class with pri- tremendously pro u d of this ,Chao Tzu-Chien, of Yencheng vate room for 60 cts. If you daughter. He 'is a man of the Un i v e r sit y: "Gloriously the were very wealthy, you could go old school and has two wives first class with private nurse, living. The old father is very spirit of Jesus lives forever. If special heating and solitude for my fellow Christians and my $1.20 per day. If you are a third deaf, and uses an ear trumpet countrymen follow His holy exclass patient, your appendix with long rubber tube. Not long would be removed for $2.00, or ago one of the missionaries tried ample with all their hearts and if you want an amputation it is to persuade him to give up this with all their strength, what $2.00, or if you need an X-ray it fear is there for salvation, what is $1.75. If you have leprosy, old-fashioned contrivance, and buy a small electric affair. But fear for man's life?" he would not listen to any such A third statement comes from advice, and said, "I am known Wu Lei-Chuan, former Vice- all over this part of the country Minister of Education: "The de- as the man with the long ear." velopment of China's future is in the hands of the young men of plans are being made to take – Watchman-Examiner. today. Jesus alone is competent care of you. In any given to lead them and worthy of their month we can count upon at In Tibet worship."-Christian Observer.

least 25 who will come in to have The Chinese-Tibetan border JAPAN bullets extracted, after a visit no longer bars the missionary, from bandits. But we are not and Christian guests may take Peace Sentiment looking for patients, for seventy unhindered journeys. Missionare now filling our sixty-nine There is in Japan a liberal aries who have taken into Tibet group to whom war is becoming beds. their wives and children during National Leprosy Conference the summer season have thus abhorrent, however serious the secured firm friends. Chinese provocation. From onoe school The first National Conference control has been effectively ap- comes the news that in chapel on Leprosy to be held in China plied over some important Tibe- prayer had been offered daily met in Shanghai on October 5-6, tan centers and facilitates mis- "for the soldiers on both sides." 1932, under the auspices of the sionary occupation. Lhamo, a Another writes, "Weare holding Chinese Mission to Lepers. The nomad center three days' ride wee k I y interdenominational membership of the Conference beyond the Chinese border, prayer meetings to pray for included Chinese medicals and twelve thousand feet above sea peace."

The following stanza is from was organized in 1904 with 24 Evangelistically-Minded Korea the pen of Kagawa: members; today its membership is over 800. One hundred and Because both missionaries and "Again I have become the child of an thirty-six were baptized in the Korean Christian leaders have aching heart, new edifice and many were re- emphasized prayer, Bible study ceived into full church member- and witness bearing, the Korean Carrying the burden of Japan's ship. The new building is not Church has always been evan- crime, large enough to accommodate gelistically-minded. The largest the church school which meets recorded attendance in a Bible Begging pardon of China and of the in open sheds adjoining the class for women was 1,300, and world for men, 1,800. There have church building. Rev. Takie been several "Forward Move- With a shattered soul; Okumura has been the pastor Again I am a child of sadness." and inspiration of the church. ments." In the "Great Revival of 1907," prayer and confession -Christian Advocate. -The Christian Century. of sin were very prominent.

Three Days with Kagawa Rev. C. J. L. Bates, D.D., President of the Kwansei Ga- kuin in. west Japan, outlines Give Us Religion Only Three years later, in the "Mil- Kagawa's program of three day lion Souls Movement," there meetings for students, and char- A Buddhist priest asked Rev. were one hundred thousand Clarence F. McCall of Niigata, acterizes them as masterly dem- Japan, to come and pay his peo- days' preaching and 700,000 onstrations of rare intellectual ple a visit. "Bring your stere- copies of the Gospel of Mark power. His underlying purpose opticon slides," said he. "All were distributed. As a result, in these studies of the relation of right," replied Mr. McCall, "I will give you an evening of pic- the number of communicants in science and religion was to show tures showing American and the Korean Pre s b y t e ria n the inadequacy of the material- Japanese scenery, health hints, Church, U. S. A., increased in istic view. In the first address farm animals, and perhaps a bit four years from 12,500 to 32,- he traced modern scientific ideas, on morality or religion." An 500; and the total number of and showed the trend of thought astonishingly prompt reply came adherents from 44,000 to 110,- away from the materialistic to- -"I want pure religion, weav- 000. The gains of those revival wards a more spiritual interpre- ing in morality," announced the tation of reality. priest. So for a half hour Mr. years have never been lost. McCall spoke on the relation of There was also the "Kim Ik Tu His second "address discussed morality and religion and for the principles of Marxian eco- one hour and a half he showed Revival" in Seoul, in the fall of nomics, and challenged its claims his slides on "THE LIFE OF 1920, when 600 were present at to explain human interest and CHRIST." early morning prayer meetings, activity, affirming the conviction and 6,000 at evening meetings. In one offering, besides money, that it is only in the application of Christian love to the solution two hundred finger rings, two gold watches, twenty silver of social problems that these Baby Week in Seoul watches, clothes and bridal ornapressing problems can be solved. ments were received.

The third address examined The Child Welfare Union of Three times in connection the mechanistic view of life, and Seoul has an annual "Baby with government expositions in "Behaviorism," in a thorough Week." Dr. Y. S. Koo is its med- Seoul, evangelistic halls were set and convincing analysis; and ical director. Among the many made clear the impossibility of instructive booths was one for up near the entrance gate, and providing for choice and moral dental examination and advice; tens of thousands heard the Gosdistinction on the basis of such another to demonstrate baby pel preached. The present hypothesis. foods, where were shown many Forward Movement is a three- things the Korean women did year program, initiated in 1931 While speaking he uses a not know were allowable in a and is a j oint program of brush and India ink to draw baby's diet; one showed how to Methodist and Presbyterian graphs and diagrams. Each of bathe and dress an infant and Churches. The first year was his three addresses was two still another displayed 100 one of prayer, consecration, hours long. health posters loaned by the Bible reading and study. The Red Cross. There were also second is a year of evangelism -United Church Record. talks on the causes and preven- and the third is to be a year for tion of disease, and a model Ko- the widest possible distribution Makiki's New Church rean house was shown. At the and sale of Christian literature. end of two days some six hun- The Makiki Castle Congrega- -The Presbyterian. tional church is modeled after an old castle built at Yamato in dred people had come to see the "You Can't Preach There" 1560 by Lord Hisade, a Chris- exhibition. Large crowds came tian. It was the first Christian at night to see moving pictures Kimsi Tok Hung, unlike most place of worship in Japan, and on hygiene and health. One of our Korean friends, is not was called Tenshukaku – the hundred and eighty-five prizes poor. She had intended sending "Place to Worship the Lord of were awarded. Heaven." The Makiki Church a Bible woman to some needy -Korean Mission Field. village when someone said to

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

her, "But why don't you give Rural Life Institutes years of opportunity, but I am glad yourself as well as your money?" A distinct contribution to ru- that now I am not afraid to read and She decided to give her service, ral life in the Philippines when study the greatest book in the world. her time, and strength, and went the National Christian Council, out, voluntarily, to tell the Story. in cooperation with agricultural -Christian Advocate. Some time later it came to her heart to go to the village of high schools, insular, provincial NORTH AMERICA Song Gari, but the Sam Dung and municipal government offi- Century of Progress Crusade folk remonstrated, "Noone can cials and other agencies, con- Probably the most epochal preach there; they have beat up united church program ever ateveryone who has tried to." ducted six Rural Life Institutes Kimsi replied that it would be in the autumn of 1932. An im- tempted in the history of Chia new experience for her! She posing array of talent provided cago is the call to 1,000 churches is a good path breaker and im- information, entertainment and and 500,000 inactive church mediately got a hearing in this worship. Attendance at lectures members to participate in a vast proud village which had in past and demonstrations ran from world's fair religious movement. days been a well-to-do commu- thirty to 250, and audiences that Those expected to cooperate innity but through drink and vice gathered for evening programs clude 800 churches of 19 denomi- of addresses and music num- nations, representing the Chi- was in very poor circumstances bered from 500 to 2,000. These cago Church Federation. Inwith lands poorly farmed. Some institutes form the link between stead of having an evangelistic thirty, mostly men, accepted the national rural life meeting campaign with centrally located Christ and gave up drink and attended by 36 pastors, deacon- meetings, addressed by visiting tobacco. Later, the Pyengyang esses; farmers and missionaries evangelists, the program aims Men's Missionary Society sent from 18 provinces last March, to strengthen the morale of inout a man evangelist to follow and the short courses for farm- dividual churches, and to inspire up. In less than a year's time ers to be held .throughout the the membership to attend and the three saloons of the village archipelago as soon as possible. give financial support, and to have been obliged to close their lead better Christian lives. doors! The past summer's crop -Christian Council Bulletin. was better because of the new in- Already 20,000 workers, repdustry of the men. Three weeks "A Dangerous Book" resenting three major sections ago when Mr. Hill went there of the city, have been trained for the first time he found a Hon. Teodoro R. Yangco was and are ready to work when the congregation of eighty. resident commissioner in Wash- Century of Progress Exhibition ington for the Philippines some opens in June. -MARY HILL of Pyengyang. years ago. He is now past sixty-five, is one of the Island's -Presbyterian Advance.

distinguished citizens, known far In Hell's Kitchen ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC and wide for his Christian phi- Rev. E. G. W. Meury, D.D., of lanthropy. Speaking before a Challenge of the Celebes convention of pastors and Sun- the Dutch Reformed Church, has day school workers in Manila, he The sprawling, octopus-like is- said: finished thirty years as pastor of land of Celebes lies almost directly south of the Philippines, Before the United States came to Knox Memorial Coli e g i ate 150 miles east of Borneo. Within the Philippines, the Bible was a closed its 69,000 square miles are 53 book. But today, how different! The Chapel in "Hell's Kitchen," New distinct languages. Missionary Bible is open. Sunday schools and York City. During this pastorwork has gone on for a century, churches are free to think. The old practically all fostered by Dutch days of religious oppression are gone ate 807 church members have Protestant churches. To men- forever, thanks to the liberating power tion only the larger racial of Protestant Christianity. been received, of whom 709 were groups, there are 200,000 Menados; 100,000 Toradjas; 1,500,- When I was a small boy my mother on confession of faith. Thirty 000 Boegis; and 600,000 Makas- got hold of a Bible. Curious with in- years ago English, German and sar. A large number of the To- terest, she began to read it. She did Irish were the languages of the not know that the Spanish priest parish while today thirty-two would disapprove. One day the padre languages and dialects are in called at our home. Innocently my use. Nearly half the street signs mother brought out the Bible and said, are in Greek. There is no mo- "See, I have a Bible." notony in the work of this par- ish. Hit by the depression, all radjas have become Christian; "Ah," replied the priest, "that is a the members have taken the a part of their territory is occu- dangerous book for you to read. You blows with a smile, and the unpied by the Salvation Army. The must burn it." With fear and trembling my mother employed have been cared for burned the book then and there. That Menandos are nearly all nominal event made a great impression on my by the sharing of those more for- Christians, and are noticeably youthful mind. I grew up to believll tunate, as they did in the early "westernized." Boegis and Ma- Church. The benevolences of the kassar territories are still un- it was unsafe, and my dear mother congregation have not been re- died believing it was unsafe to read duced, but increased. occupied. Islam and paganism the Bible. I never read it until a few -Christian Intelligencer. holds them in bonds. years ago. I am sorry for those lost

Save Life League Colored Churchmen to Be The teaching of religion and all Twenty-six years ago Dr. Represented acts of devotion or worship are Harry M. Warren of New York forbidden. All but five of the City, founded the nat ion a I By a vote of three to one the native teachers will be dismissed "Save-a-Life League," which has diocesan convention of Upper and all but two of the Americans as its chief purpose the saving South Carolina, has opened the will leave the plant. One hunof persons who contemplate sui- way for representation of col- dred and fifty students must cide. Dr.' Warren recently re- ored churchmen in diocesan af- hereafter secure their education ported that he had in these years fairs. The resolution which re- in government schools. Since interviewed 2,900 people and sulted from much careful delib- business training and domestic eration and discussion is re- science do not come under the that most of them had been garded as a great forward step law, the Commercial Departsaved. The suicide rate of New in the work of the Church, and ment will continue. It is also York City alone is claimed to be reads as follows: hoped to use the school buildings four a day by George LeBrun, as a home for girls who will at- Resolved, That it is the sense of this tend other schools. secretary of the chief medical convention that the Negro clergy caexaminer. According to the New nonically resident in this diocese for -The Living Church. York Herald-Tribune about one at least six months, and working unthird of the cases are mental. der the Bishop of the diocese, and two Bibles for Mam Indians These Dr. Warren refers to psy- lay communicants elected by the con- vocation of colored Churchmen shall chiatrists, whereas the others be entitled to seats and votes in the Western Guatemala has 200,- treated by himself. His treat- diocesan convention. 000 Mam Indians. To make the ment consists in "human sym- Bible available for them, Rev. pathy and understanding" and -The Living Church. H. Dudley Peck has been at work the application of the Gospel with a group of eight translators message of Paul to the Philip- Ukrainians in Alberta and the cooperation of the Amerpian jailer, "Believe in the Lord ican Bible Society. The begin- Jesus Christ, and thou shalt be Around the indian Reserva- nings of an Institute for trainsaved." This message is as pow- tion at Good Fish Lake in north- ing Mam leaders has been erful to save the suicides of to- ern Alberta is growing up a set- mapped out. Evenings during day as it was to save the jailer tlement of Ukranians, a very reat Philippi. ligious people but suspicious of the translation sessions have organized Christianity, as they been employed for evangelistic Navajo Camp Meeting know it. Their number is in- trips, and for making Christ creasing year by year, both by known in their own tongue to immigration and birth rate. The A camp meeting at Chin Lee United Church of Canada is the the many Indian transients in Navajo Mission in Arizona, un- only Protestant Church doing public kitchens, lodges and der the Presbyterian Board, anything in a systematic way to plazas. Week ends have been brought the largest attendance help these people. There is one used to reach three near-by ever witnessed at any of the ordained missionary speaking towns and about fourteen vil- Navajo meetings, a daily attend- their language, but his work is lages. During the June session, ance of 100 being recorded. limited to a small area. The 423 unbelievers from 42 towns There were 15 accessions on con- Board of Home Missions is re- and hamlets heard the message fession of faith. The native sponsible for the hospital at of God's love through the Mam Navajo Christians furnished a Smoky Lake, while the Woman's translators. large part of the food for the Missionary Society has three camp meeting, which heretofore school homes; one at Smoky -Guatemala News.

has been furnished almost en- Lake, one at Wahstao, and one at Jungle Indians in Peru tirely by the missionary. Their Radway.

contribution was eight sheep. -United Church Record. The first twelve jungle In- -Presbyterian Advance. dians of Peru to be baptized Notable Negro Church LATIN AMERICA heard the Gospel for the first The Abyssinian Church of School Must Close time when they came to the Christian Alliance Mission at New York recently entered its The Hooker School in Mexico Cahuapanas. They have com- 125th year. It is the third old- City, under the Episcopal Board, pleted four months' attendance est Negro church in the United is unable to function under the at the Daily Bible School and States. With a membership of new law which makes it impos- have expressed the desire to more than 11,000 it is among sible to incorporate schools learn more in order to give the the largest Protestant churches· which had in the past received, Gospel to their families and in the world. Dr. A. Clayton were now receiving or expected friends. From 35 to 40 are at- Powell has been the pastor of to receive, support from reli- tending special noon meetings, this church for the past quarter gious organizations. The law and it has been in these meetcentury. also forbids any clergyman, or ings that most converts have – Watchman-Examiner. religious teacher in the schools. been won.-Alliance Weekly.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Oonverts in Uruguay never-ceasing persecution to articles against the Soviet re- Uruguay has long been known which they are exposed. Hitler gime, has published an open letas a refuge for oppressed peo- has made of anti-Semitism a re- ter in the Daily Express to Joples of other lands. In Monte- ligious dogma. goda, the vice-commissioner of video, the capital, are represen- the G. P. U. (Russian Secret tatives from every European -New York Times. Police) who is a member of the country. Among other nation- presidency of the Bolshevistic alities are about four thousand The President of Ozecho- party. Part of the letter fol- Armenians, who have an evan- slovakia lows: gelical religious background, and some are already Christians be- President Thomas G. Masaryk Can you deny that you have 200,000 fore coming. A few years ago of the new Czechoslovakian Re- prisoners, for the most part from public is a member of the Czech among engineers, attorneys, priests Brethren Church. In his first and other persons of the educated a young Armenian living in presidential message to the Na- class, who are compelled to do forced tional Assembly in Prague he Buenos Aires, Argentina, felt quoted the prophecy of the edu- labor on the canal to the White Sea the call to preach the Gospel to cator and reformer, Comenius: in Karelien? Can you deny that you his own people and decided to banished 35,000 kulak families (farm- ers) in the winter of 1929 from return to Europe for special "0 Bohel1,lian people, I trust in southern Ukraine to the polar re- God, that when the tempest of gions? Thousands of them died of study. He studied in Paris two His wrath brought upon our years and then in Glasgow, Scot- typhoid fever. Can you deny that all the towns in north Russia as Hibinaland, another three years and heads for our sins will have gorsk, Kondolatska, Neuastroy and passed away, the reign of thy Murmansk have been built through there he was ordained to the cause' will again be restored." ministry in 1932. After his or- Their long captivity has made forced labor? Can you deny that in the past mothers were deprived of dination he returned to Argen- their bread tickets by the G. P. U.? tina where he is doing evangel- multitudes ready for the Gospel. You seized old women in order to take In some communities the enter- their last diamonds or a golden braceistic work among his people of ing wedge may be a lecture on let because the Soviet government Argentina and Uruguay. In Huss, but after it the people call needed money. Can you deny that October, he baptized his first 26 every foreigner is watched in Russia; for Gospel sermons. Patriotism converts in Montevideo. is not enough; true freedom in- that our letters are read and our tele- -Home and Foreign Fields. deed can come only through the phone conversa~ions are overheard? Gospel of the Redeemer. Can you finally deny that during the EUROPE years 1930-31 you shed so much blood that your own friends were embit- tered because of it?

Scandinavian Missions To Establish Islam in Hungary AFRIOA A comparative study of the At the recent Pan-Islamic A Life Saver foreign mission activities of Congress held in Jerusalem, it Denmark, Norway and Sweden was decided to recognize Buda- A missionary and an Egyptian was recently given in Luthersk pest in Hungary as a holy city pastor were returning from a Ugeblad, as follows: for all Moslems, and build there long, hard day of visiting among a great mosque and university, various villages in the Delta. At DenJ"nark Norway Slceden that eventually might be to the the point where they separated, West what El Azhar of Cairo is each to return to his own home, Number of 2{0 400 700 to the East. This is considered the pastor hired two men to missionaries by Moslems themselves as the drive him the remaining dis- most important move ever made tance. Reaching a lonely bit of Benevolence for the western extension of Mo- road, the car stopped, the two (in Crowns) 1,750,000 3,000,000 4,250,000 hammedanism. Four centuries men got out, mumbling an ex- ago the Moslem Turks devas- cuse about the engine, whispered Gift per .59 1.1,1 .70 tated Hungary and for two hun- a moment together, then started capita …. dred and fifty years carried on a toward the pastor. Sensing rule of tyranny and cruel exac- trouble, he quickly drew out the Baptized in 1.900 11,000 a,oao tions, which lasted until the lat- only weapon he ever carries, held 1930 .. , ter part of the seventeenth cen- it in his hand, so that, in the tury, when the Hungarians moonlight, it gleamed in the eyes :"ative cou- 29,000 15G,OOO 84,000 drove their oppressors back of the advancing men, and said verts …. across the Danube, and the Turk- to them, "Be careful. I have ish dream of planting Islamic here the best weapon in the Anti-Semitism in Germany banners in Western Europe world, and I am trained in its faded.-Alliance Weekly. use~" Both men stopped and be- The prediction of the late Lord Melchet, a leader of the Jews in England, that one result of the war would be a complete dissociation of Jewish from German interests in Europe appears rapidly proving to be correct as a result of the campaign pursued with such vehemence by Adolf Hitler and his Nazis. Leaders of Jewish opinion in Great Brit- Oruelty in Russia gan to back off, protesting that ain have evidence of the terrible they meant no harm. The pastor situation of their coreligionists A Russian correspondent, could not refrain from laughing, in Germany. Life is being made Miss Clyman, who was asked to and said, "My friends, look here.

intolerable for them by the leave Russia on account of her I am a preacher. I have neither

money nor firearms. What I Apolo and the Pygmies Christians were few the boy who have is that sword which God The church of the Mboga en- beat the call drum for worship has given us to save life rather tirely due to the work of' one than to take it. I have a New went to Dr. Wilmer S. Lehman !,estament. ~he gleam you see, man, Canon Apolo, is already mstead .of bem?, from a pistol the center of a body of men and medical missionary aI nbdeastatihd~: barrel, IS the gllt edge shining women who are scattering the "This should finish.' in the moonlight, even as God's Gospel among thousands of healove shines on our hearts if we then. There is an African say- drum, and no one comes." Dr. will allow it. God's Word is ing "All food is God's," and they sharper than any two-edged never refuse food to a stranger. Lehman replied: "Keep on beatsword, and through it we who The Mboga apply this practice trust God fi~d all our needed help to the Gospel. Mr. Lloyd of the ing the drum, for the day will and protectIon for every time of C~urch. Missi.on Society talked need." wIth SIxty pIOneer evangelists come when this country will be who had come in to Apolo's Tl~e driver came up and begged headquarters. They had assem- full of Christians." The prophforglVeness, explaining, "We saw you come to the crossroad bled from all parts of. the great ecy has come true. On a recent with the foreigner, and sup- AruwImi forest. Ten of them posed you were his assistant in were spending their lives among Sunday morning at the chapel cotton buying in the villages. t~e dwarfs, living in their tiny When you asked to go to your VIllages, partaking the same where the old drum called in town, which is one of the large food, and moving about with cotton centers, we imagined that vain many years ago, 410 people you would be carrying money to them on their hunting expediclose cotton contracts with the tions. They are not a treacher- were present. Beyond, there farmers; and we thought this ous people, nor would they was our opportunity to take it were 52 chapels to which more from you. Will you forgive us dream of attacking others save this wrong?" in self-defense. Brave and clever than 6,000 go when they hear hunters they are, who do not -United Presbyterian. shrink from attacking even an the drum. elephant. At times one can see Sunday Schools Rally in a such game covered with arrows -Presbyterian Banner. Coptic Church as a gigantic pin-cushion with Bantu Essay Competition The World's Sunday School pins. When asked why they of- Association in Egypt held a fer to ~od pots of honey and The South African National Conference in Assiut. Sheikh WIld frUlts they answer: "White Sunday School Association re- Metry S. Dewairy, whose father ~an, we are afraid of Him. He cently arranged an essay compewas a Coptic priest writes of it: I~ cruel and hates Ufl, sending tition for non-Europeans. The sIckness and wild beasts and subject given was "The Impor- On Rally Day, because of limited death. If we put our offerings tance of the Early Years in space, we could only permit 4,000 stu- He may have pity." Christian Education." Altodents to .attend the rally-2,000 in the gether 106 papers were received -So S. Times. almost one third of them being in the vernacular. The papers were judged mainly by a three- fold standard-specific reference to the Bantu child; good reasons why Bible teaching and Chris- tia~ trai~ing should be given dUflp.g chIldhood; practical sug- gestIons as to how it should be done. A number of the papers were of considerable merit and showed knowledge of psychology and pe<,iagogy, as well as an ap- Evangehcal and 2,000 in the Coptic A Revival of Superstition preCIatIOn of the need for Chris- Orth~dox Church near by. The chair- tian religious education during man .Ill the Evangelical Church was a In the Cameroun territory of the early years. A cash prize of CoptIC lawyer, and the chairman in the Basel Mission, the number the Coptic Orthodox Church was an of Christians has been doubled two guineas was awarded the Evangelical elder! In the Evangeli- since 1927. Of late the mission best essay. cal Church there was a choir com- -South African Outlook. posed of t:nelve ~eacons of the Coptic is facing some severe ttrhiaels~'tLhoe­ Church wIth theIr ecclesiastical gar- worst being that of Money No Object ments of white· embroidered robes and velvet head-gears. of different colors. sango" agitation, a secret organ- Five miles from Mt. Silinda They stood before the pUlpit and chanted the Angels' Song in Coptic! ization. After fifteen years of South Africa, is a little bush My ey~s were filled with tears of joy, for thIS was the concrete expression progress the superstitious have school taught by a native Chrisof spiritual unity. We have been working ha!d in. El!;ynt for twelve again heard the voice of the tian, Norah Tamele. When lack years to. achIeve thIS fellowship among the AnCIent and Protestant Churches. mungi, a ravenous beast that of funds made it necessary for life Now. our efforts are being rewarded. demands human sacrifice. The the mission steonct lowsoerdsixthsacthohoerls~ Norah was It wIll mean much for the future fear of this animal is used by of our people. the Losango people in their agi- would be among the fatal num- In Assiut there are 4,500 tation against Christianity. ber. Her reply in Chindau was Drum Call Brings 6,000 as follows: "I want'to say that I wish to Street ~unday School pupils and Lolodorf ch urwcahsinfoCuanmdeerdouin~ continue to teach even if there is 3,000 m the Daily Vacation West Africa, no money at all. I will be very Bible Schools. 1905. In the early years when happy if you will allow me to

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

continue to teach my school. It otherwise, in competition everybody tions. Ever since the days of does not make me happy to work will open his shop. It must be com- Dr. Thom, Dr. Andrus and Mr. just for money; no, to teach the pulsory. Emrich, we have been wanting little children and to preach the to rehabilitate Mardin Station- Gospel to the older people is a -Turkish P1'ess Translation farthest American Board station reward greater than gold and Service. to the southeast, near Iraq. At silver. If the missionaries are last, in October, we were able to having difficulties, it is right Shall Turkey Accept place two families there-Dr. and that I should be troubled also Christianity? Mrs. W. L. Nute, and Rev. and and work with you; because Mrs. A. Carleton. They secured when I was poor and uneducated The following article by H. the usual travel permits from you did not turn me away, and Nihal in a Turkish periodical re- the regular Turkish officials at when I was sick you did not re- veals the Turk's attitude toward the points from which they fuse to help me. I am not able religion at the present time. started, but on arrival they were to express my thanks if I may told that a few days before, the remain in God's work." We have decided to follow the West- Angora Government had made ern civilization. But before every- that region again a closed zone The school was allowed to con- thing else we have to know the mean- for foreigners. Therefore they tinue with Nora receiving one ing of civilization. While adopting a could not be granted residence third her former pay. Students new civilization, have we to take over permits pending new instrucincreased in number from 23 to all its institutions and elements, or tions from Angora. They have 34.-Missionary Herald. may we leave out some parts? In en- been told that they must leave tering the Islamic civilization, the right off! After such long and WESTERN ASIA Turks accepted all the institutions of patient effort, our hopes seem that civilization, and naturally its re- likely to be frustrated, after we Friday or Sunday for Turks ligion also. Today while entering the have placed our worker:s there! Western civilization, shall we accept Weare making a final effort to Turkey is considering a change Christianity also which is the religion in the weekly rest day. A ques- of the West? have the decision reversed. tionnaire has been issued to sound out the feelings of the Today religion plays an important There are increasing evidences public regarding the adoption of role in life. With the exception of that many who are earnestly Sunday instead of Friday or the Russia, no nation has dared to declare seeking spiritual life are feeling abolition of a weekly rest day. irreligion. Since the Turkish nation the utter inadequacy of Islam, A large number sent replies ad- also needs a religion, what should it and are turning to Jesus Christ vocating the adoption of Sunday be? to satisfy their need. You may as rest day. Here are some of perhaps find it hard to realize them: Sheikh Bey, professor of psy- their aversion to the name Chris- chology said in a private conver- tian, which to them stands first The laborers have a right to a day sation: of all for a hostile nationalism of rest in the week. This right of the and secondly, for a form of worlaborers should be recognized. For "Since we desire to identify our- ship which they associate with instance, the cleaning of machines is selves with the West, it is necessary idolatry. But they see the winnot allowed on the rest day, and thus for us to make our religion also iden- someness of Christ, and are bea work day is used for cleaning and tical; seeing that it is impossible for ing led to be His followers. repairs. It is necessary that Sunday the West to accept Islam, we have to should be accepted. Even in Egypt accept Christianity." Today a good -C. T. R. they rest on Sunday, and not on Fri- many belonging to "the Enlightened day. The economic relationship of the Group" are of the same opinion. Ac- Effects of Christian Education nations has made Sunday common for cording to some of these, no greater all. . . . Far from abolishing the mistake can be committed than adher- The American School for rest day, half of the preceding day ing to the barbarous religion of Mo- Girls in Beirut had a student also must be set apart for rest. The hammed with its Feast of Sacrifice, body made up of twelve differreal question is not working six or while there is the humane religion of ent nationalities, ten different seven days, but working in a system- Jesus. What we mean is this; today sects of Christians, and five nonatic way. But it is essential that Sun- there is a group of enlightened Turks Christian religions. The nonday should take the place of Friday. who are inclined to Christianity. They Christians represented forty-six Especially in our commercial life we want Christianity not because it is a per cent of the student body. are losing much on account of the religion, but because it is a way lead- But figures are less vivid than present day of rest. . . . The adop- ing to civilization and humanity. individual testimony. Here is a tion of Sunday as a rest day is an ap- girl registered as a Moslem who propriate arrangement from the point On the other hand there is another has three times taken part in of view of our relations with Europe. movement which aims to Turkify Is- prayer before the whole school, It makes no difference whether a man lam. The Koran and the call to prayer and has once prayed publicly in rests on Fridav or Sunday. Only in began to be read in Turkish, but some- the name of Christ for a sick economic life, in bank transactions, it how this did not gain ground, whereas teacher. She expects to work is very important. . . . Sunday must the partisans of Christianity did not among women in Bagdad prison. be the· rest day. We mechants have stop. They continued their propa- A Syrian girl says: "Life," said two days' vacation in the week. We ganda. While the other movement is rest on Friday, and we can do no work passing away like a flame of chaff, on Sunday. Counting the feast days this movement moves on like water also, We! are idle almost half of the under a heap of chaff. Let us be careyear. But the rest day must not be ful, let us beware of doing the same left to the choice of the individual; mistake when we adopted a new civ- ilization. Our national culture is in danger.

-Translation Service.

Complications in Turkey The situation here is always liable to unexpected complica-

she, is full of glimpses of the exact figures are not available, Supervised by a Frenchman, world round about, happiness, as for example in Russia. Inspected by an American, mirth and joy. Friendship ex- Scoured by an Albanian, ists abundantly, not the cheap The Growth of Christianity in Dyed by a Turk, Examined by an Irishman, kind, but the rich, constructive the World friendship. In college I formu- G. L. Kieffer, in the Lutheran Pressed by a Pole. National Council Bulletin esti- -World Comrades. lated a serious idea of life and of mates the Christian population what it meant, of our capacities, of the world at the end of the A Christian Protest and of the many treasures it con- several centuries approximately tains." "Christomol" is the name of as follows: a Christian movement among -Syria News Quarterly. young people in Siberia, in op- A Christian Film in Meshed First Century ……… 500,000 position to the "Komsomol," or Second Century ……. 2,000,000 Godless movement. The Na- Dr. H. A. Lichtwardt of Third Century …….. 5,000,000 tional Bible Society of Scotland Meshed, Persia, sends this inter- Fourth Century ……. 10,000,000 reports that many groups of esting bit of news from that fa- Fifth Century …….. 15,000,000 Christians are being formed in natical holy city of the Moslems, Sixth Century …….. 20,000,000 Siberia. A strenuous attempt where until recently, everything Seventh Century …… 24,000,000 also has been made to transmit Christian was anathema: Eighth Century ……. 30,000,000 over the wireless radio at Har- Ninth Century ……. 40,000,000 bin, Manchuria, the Gospel mes- "During the month of Ramazan, the Tenth Century …….. 50,000,000 sage over the whole Far East time of fasting, in this 'holy' month, Eleventh Century ….. 70,000,000 and into Siberia. in this fanatical Shrine city, the Twelfth Century …… 80,000,000 American film, 'The King of Kings' Thirteenth Century …. 75,000,000 The Christian Protest Moveis being shown in the local cinema to ment, organized in England in huge crowds, which are at least 90% Fourteenth Century '" 80,000,000 1929, to combat the oppression Mohammedans. It is definitely Chris- Fifteenth Century …. 100,000,000 of religion in Russia, has been tian, sympathetically and earnestly Sixteenth Century …. 125,000,000 reorganized to include in its propresented, and has created a great im- Seventeenth Century .. 155,000,000 gram a campaign against the pression among the thinking people. Eighteenth Century … 200,000,000 Communist anti-religious propa- There were many army officers there, Nineteenth Century … 500,000,000 ganda in Great Britain. The and other officials and men of prom- Twentieth Century …. 737,280,000 work is educational in character inence. The Afghan Consul-General and will be carried out through sat directly behind me, and during the These estimates are compiled existing organizations. entire film asked me numerous ques- from Dorchester's "Problem of tions on details which he did not un- Religious Progress" and' from -Alliance Weekly. derstand. The audience was respect- "The World Almanac" and the ful and attentive. Such pictures will Lutheran Missions Prosper have definite evangelistic results, es- "Lutheran World Almanac." pecially as the sub-titles were direct The growth of Protestantism Not one mission under the scripture quotations, with book and verse stated." is estimated as follows since 1851: auspices of the United Lutheran Board of Missions was closed Per Cent during the past year, and the Increase 682 mission congregations and 78 preaching stations showed a MISCELLANEOUS NEWS Year Me1nbers Per new increase of 32,000 members. Increase Yelw Church Membership Gains 1851 82,000,000 106,000,000 ……… The Baptist World Alliance re- 1882 123,657,000 ports at the end of 1932 a sub- 1884 133,500,000 24,000,000 0.94 1888 136,036,600 stantial advance in church mem- 1889 17,657,000 8.32 9,843,000 1.99 2,536,600 1.90 bership, the increase amounting 1891 143,237,625 7,201,025 2.65 Thirty-eight of the missions be- 1900 150,000.000 6,762,375 0.52 came self-supporting. Forty-two to about 190,000. Especially in- 1906 166,066,500 16,066,500 1.78 new missions were started. The teresting are the statistics for 171,650,000 5,583,500 0.37 Lutheran Church spent more 1915 177,300,000 5,650,000 1.65 Asia. The steadiness of Chinese 1917 Christians under difficult condi- 1925 191,259.655 13,959,655 0.98 than a million dollars during the tions is gratifying; a net in- 1932 202,180,000 10,920,345 0.81 past year for home missions and crease of over 1,000 is recorded. The Indian growth is larger, The American Flag church extension work. especially that of South India, -The ChrisUan Century. A flag floats over the J ames- where there are now nearly 125,- town worsted mills. Here is its "There are treasures of love 000 members, forming the larg- history as told by the owner of and character which cannot be est body of communicants in that the mills: lost. For these treasures of the area. The Indian Baptist mem- The flag was made of wool from spirit we can well afford to exbership (apart from Ceylon) ex- American sheepceeds 200,000 ; India, Burma Sorted by an American, ch!mge aU else in order that we and Ceylon together report over Carded by an Italian, may possess them."

322,500. The largest advance Spun by a Swede, Our part is to cultivate and is in the United States, where Warped by a German, the membership of each of the Dressed by an Englishman, protect the garden of the inner Conventions has risen. These Drawn in by a Scotchman, life, but it is God who gives statistics omit all groups where Woven by a Belgian, strength to the stalk and beauty to the flower.

Missionary

Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information ~,————~–~~========~==~~~==-=====~~.========~~~====—-~~~.~~ Handmaidens of the King to Fo-reign romance. Mrs. Moffat was a An Ambassador in Bonds. By Mary Lands. By W. Thoburn Clark. 12 daughter of David Livingstone; C. Purser. 8 vo. 83 pp. 28. 6d. mo. 179 pp. Southern Baptist Con- Robert Moffat was a true pio- S. P. G. London. 1933. vention. Richmond, Va. 1932. neer who died just fifty years ago. The story has often been The blind of the world have The s e brief biographical told but this will be found inter- been neglected in all lands where sketches of Southern Baptist esting to those who have not ac- ambassadors of Christ have not missionaries include Mrs. Min- cess to the more complete biog- led the way in caring for them. nie Bland David of Africa; Lula raphies. The Rev. Wm. Henry Jackson, a Whilden, missionary to the blind Church of England missionary, of China; Julia K. Mackenzie of Adventuring with God. By Esther a graduate of Oxford, inventor Chinkiang, China; Ida S. Hayes, E. Baird. 12 mo. 55 pp. Ohio of a simple Braille type in Bura teacher in Mexico and Mrs. Friends Foreign Missionary Society. mese, a poet and musician-and Susan Broxton Taylor, the wife 1932. withal blind-began his work of Dr. Geo. B. Taylor of Italy. for the 25,000 blind of Burma in Some of the photographic por- Miss Baird has for forty years 1917. Burmese, Chinese, Intraits should never have seen the been a missionary in Nowgong, dians, government officials, busilight of day but the women they Central India. As one of the ness men and missionaries so poorly represent are heroines founders of the mission she tells helped to support the work and who served their generation by in this booklet the story of the he was given the Kaiser-in-Hind the Will of God and whose work growth of the Friends' work at gold medal by the Government abides. Chatarpur and the blessing of of Burma. The story told by his God upon the medical and edu- sister is worth reading. School Pat'hs in Africa. By Phyllis cational work-both of which L. Garlick. 12 mo. 102 pp. High- are evangelistic. Miss Baird re- Tefaro, Tales from Africa. By W. J. way Press. London. 1933. cently received the Kaiser-in- W. Roome. 8 vo. 185 pp. 58. Mar- Hind medal for public service in shall, Morgan & Scott. London. The author of "Goodly Fellow- India. Through her clear eyes 1932. ship" and "Uganda Contrasts," and warm Christian heart we gives us in these sketches some see the spiritual darkness and Africa is still a land of rovery interesting glimpses of need of Bundelkund, a district mance and adventure; a land of present day life in Africa-Ni- then untouched by the Gospel. strange scenes and customs; a geria, Ken y a , Tanganyika, They entered the field in time of land of ignorance, cruelty and Uganda-especially the work of famine and gathered 500 chil- large possibilities. Mr. Roome the Church Missionary Society. dren under mission supervision. is a British traveler and Bible We see here the contrasts be- An orphanage was started at translator and reports in these tween heathen and Christian Nowgong and is still going fifty letters what he saw on joureducation; the way schools are strong. Then a dispensary, and neys with a lad, Tefaro, through conducted, and the children who later a hospital, was opened at the Belgium Congo, Uganda, and attend; the results in training Chatarpur, fourteen miles away. Tanganyika. The yare not A f ric a n citizens, industrial The story-too briefly told-de- studies but rather chatty, runworkers, home m a k e r s, and scribes how land was secured ning comments full of interest- Christian workers. This teach- for the hospital and gives clear ing information for young peoing ministry is of great impor- evidence of the intervention of ple and others to whom the tance in order that future lead- God working on the heart of the g r 0 u n d covered is new. We ers may be adequately trained. Maharaj ah. The missionaries catch intimate glimpses of home Here is a remarkable record of have won their way and have life and mission work and occaneed and of accomplishment. made a deep impression on the sionally read thrilling incidents people. This is one of the little connected with the past. The Robert Moffat of Kuruman. By David known pieces of work which, if book is an excellent introduction J. Deane. 12 mo. 191 pp. 28. multiplied a millionfold would to a study of Central African life Pickering & Inglis. Glasgow. 1932. transform the w 0 rId by the and shows how Christian mis- power of the Holy Spirit. sions are meeting the needs of The story of the Moffats in the people. Southern Africa is a missionary Any of the oo()ks not.~d in these columns will be sent by the RRvmw publishers on receipt of price.

[231 ]

The Japanese Invasion and China's Cameos of Our Lord. By Robert The Career and Significance of Jesus. Defiance. A Symposium, Edited WaltE'l' Bcll Denny. 466 pp. Nel- by Wong Chi-yuen, Director of Lee. 191 pp. 3/-net. Pickering & son & Son. NE'W York. Publicity of the 19th Route Army, Inglis. 14 Paternoster Row, Lon- and Tang Leang-Ii, Editor of the Christianity, Communism, Adventism. People's Tribnne. Paper. 80 pp. don. 1932. Alexander Stewart. 121 pp. Stock- $1.00. Shanghai. well. London. Thirty-eight picture studies of As might be expected from its The Christian Enterprise Among authorship, this is an ex parte our Lord are given under such Rural People. Kenyon L. Butter- statement. The wise reader will field. Cokesbury Press. Nashville. take into account statements by titles as "His Face," "His Head," Japanese, and particularly the Christian Unity in Practice and impartial report of the investi- "His Shoulders," "His Arms," Prophecy. Chas. S. Macfarland. gat i n g Commission of the $2.75. 396 pp. Macmillan. New League of Nations headed by "His Feet," with scripture ref- York. Lord Lytton. This is a vivid story of the remarkable achieve- erences containing pointed mes- Delivering Grace. J. T. Mawson. 222 ment of the Chinese 19th Route pp. 28. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- Army and the tragic fate of the sages of salvation. The author's don. Chinese civilian population in the zone of hostilities. style is terse and his theology is The Dark Continent. Africa: The Landscape and the People. H. A. A. J. B. delightfully refreshing in its un- Bernatzik. IlIus. 256 pp. B. West- termann Co. New York. Individual Work for Individuals. By wavering certainty. Each chap- Henry Clay Trumbull. 12 mo. 186 Infonnation and Opinion Concerning pp. $1.00. American Tract Soci- ter closes with an appropriate the Japanese Invasion of Man- ety. New York. 1932. churia and Shanghai from Sources bit of poetry or song. In the Other Than Chinese. Edited by K. More than one revival has N. Lei. 445 pp. Shanghai Bar been started through reading chapter entitled, "The Hands of Assn. 1933. these stories of personal work. The book was first published the Lord" he tells of Satan, Materialism. J. S. HaJdane. 221 pp. over thirty years ago. Dr. $2. Harpers. New York. Trumbull was a remarkable and clothed in princely garb, suddenpersistant personal worker, hav- Robert Moffat of Kuruman. D. J. ing made it a rule to speak each ly visiting a monk in his cell and Deane. 191 pp. 28. Pickering & day to someone on his or her re- Inglis. London. lation to Christ. The book will saying, "I am Jesus." Greatly be a spiritual stimulus to any Moral Man and Immoral Society. pastor, missionary or other perplexed and wondering if this Reinhold Neibuhr. 280 pp. $2. Christian. It is intensely inter- Scribners. New York. esting and suggests many prac- guest were genuine he asked to tical ways in which effective The New Life. Capt. Reginald Walwork may be done in the "one by see his hands. At this, of course, lace. 101 pp. Is. Pickering & one" method. Inglis. London. Satan fled. Then Mr. Lee fol- Elise's Sacrifice. By Norah C. Asher. Northern Baptists Re-Think Mis- 12 mo. 60 pp. 9d. lows with a pointed paragraph sions. Edited by P. H. J. Lerrigo. 128 pp. 25 cents. Baptist Board of Norman's Good Name. By M. S. on "Toil-worn hands," "Holy Education. New York. Comrie. 12 mo. 208 pp. 2s. hands," "Pierced hands," "Grav- Richmond Hill Sermons. J. D. Jones. His Mother's Book. By E. E. Green. 285 pp. $1.50. Harpers. New 12 mo. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- en hands," "Strong hands," etc., York. don. 1932. ending with the following quo- "Re-Thinking Missions" Examined. These stories are not in mod- Robert E. Speer. 64 pp. 50 cents. ern style but they have an in- tation: Revell. New York. terest for children. The first tells of a little girl and her sac- Lord, when I am weary with toiling, Three Kingdom's of Indo-China. rifice for those she loved. The And burdensome seem Thy com- Harold J. Coolidge, Jr., and Theosecond concerns a boy who dore Roosevelt. 330 pp. $3. fought to remove the cloud from mands, Crowell. New York. his good name when he was If my load should lead to complainfalsely accused of theft. The Worship in Other Lands. H. P. third relates the story of a small ing, Thompson. 167 pp. 28. 6d. S. P. G. boy who was adopted by an old Lord, show me Thy hands-Thy Westminster. animal fancier. All are easy reading, have some adventure nail-pierced hands, Lutheran Mission Yearbook-1933. and good moral teaching. Thy cross-torn hands; my Sav- 158 pp. M2. H. G. Wallman. Leipzig. iour show me Thy hands. Annual Report. American Board of These short chapters make fine Commissioners for Foreign Mis- sions. 166 pp. Boston. devotional reading for the fam- Perils of the Polar Pack. A. L. ily altar. Ministers will find it Fleming. S. P. C. K. London.

suggestive for series of studies Ramdas-Translations of Mahipati's Santavijaya. Justin E. Abbott. at the Mid-week Devotional 410 pp. Hs. 2 As. 8. Pandit God- bole, Poona, India. Service H. A. ADAIR. The Two Hundred. Frank Hough- New Books ton. Is. China Inland Mission. London. An African Pilgrimage. A. M. Chirg- win. 158 pp. ,28. 6d. Student World F.ellowslhip People. Grace Christian Movement Press. London. Darling Phillips. 105 pp. $1.00. Friendship Press. New York. An Ambassador in Bonds. The Story of William Henry Jackson. 2d Edi- The Beauty of Jesus. Gipsy Smith. tion. 83 pp. 28. 6d. S. P. G. House. 228 pp. $2. Revell. New York. Westminster.

Behind t'he Far Eastern Conflict. Joseph Barnes and Frederick V. Field. 45 pp. 25 cents. American Council, Institute of Pacific Rela- tions. New York.

Conflict in the Far East, 1931-1932. 47 pp. 25 cents. American Coun- cil, Institute of Pacific Relations. New York.

China's Foreign Relations, 1917-1931. Robert T. Pollard. 416 pp. $3.50. Macmillan. New York.

ITEMS The Indian Government honored

Wanless wit h the Kaiser-i-Hind (Concluded from 2d c01Jer.) (Empress of India) medal, in recog- nition of his public services; later Mrs. James Duguid, Jr., a field sec- King George made him a Knight Printin retary of the Presbyterian Board of Bachelor of the British Empire. Foreign Missions, has been appointed When You Require It vice-president of the Stewardship Sir William was born at Charles- Council of the Churches of Christ in ton, Ontario, on May 1, 1865, and rethe United States and Canada. ceived his early education in Canada. In 1889 was graduated from the Med- '" * ical College of New York University We wish to extend to you an invi· Dr. N. Gist Gee, the new vice-pres- and was appointed a medical mission- tation to become acquainted with ident of Yenching University, Peiping, ary by the Presbyterian Board. He THE EVANGELICAL PRESS of China, is a Methodist layman, who has will long be remembered, both in In- Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. taught in Soochow University and has dia and in America, for his devout served on the China Medical Board. Christian character, his medical and Thousands of institutions and individ- surgical skill, his Christlike spirits uals have accepted a similar invitation, *** and his energetic, effective and sacri- and have enjoyed a profitable printing ficial service. An extended account of association for years. Dr. F. W. Norwood, Pastor of City · . Dr. Wanless's life and work may be Our specialty is Books, Magazines and Temple, London is to have a year's Booklets. We have modern equipment expected in a later number of the RE- to meet all the requirements of your vacation and will leave early in July particular job. Our service is quick. VIEW. careful and courteous. to make a world tour of the mission stations of the London Missionary So- Dr. Amos R. Wells,'"honorary editor Why not allow us to estimate on your next printing? You will be delighted ciety in Africa, India, China and of The Chrwtian Endeavor World and with our product, price, and service. a pioneer leader in the Christian En- Japan. ••• deavor movement, died on March 6, at his home in Auburndale, Massachu- Dr. J. Gordon Holdcroft, has re- setts, at seventy years of age. signed as secretary of the Korea Sun- Dr. 'Wells was born in Glen Falls, day School Association and is to take N. Y., the son of Major Amos P. W. and Mary Hannah Wells, was gradup the work of the Presbyterian Board uated from Antioch College in 1883 and served there as a Professor of of Christian training in Korea and Greek and Geology before becoming The Evangelical Press will be principal of the Arthur T. editorial secretary of the Christian Endeavor movement. Pierson Memorial Bible School of Printers of He was the author of more than a The Missionary Review of the World Seoul. In this postion Dr. Holdcroft hundred books besides the annual volsucceeds the Rev. Wallace J. Ander- ume of "Peloubet's Notes on the Sun- day School Lessons." Some well- PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE: son, who for some years has rendered known books were "The Missionary Manual," "The Living Bible," "A Suc- Third and Reily Streets Ha:rrisburg, Pa. most efficient service to the school. cessful Sunday School Superintend- ent," and "Think on These Things." Obituary Notes ecutive Committee of Foreign Mis~ Rev. E. H. '"Jon'"es,* for thirty-five sions of the Southern Presbyterian Sir William James Wanless, M.D., Church, died February 11, at Nashfor nearly forty years a Presbyterian years an American Baptist Mission- ville, Tenn. Dr. Williams was ormissionary in India died on March 3, ary in Japan, died in Los Angeles on dained in 1871 and thirty years later in Glendale, California. Dr. Wanless December 24, 1932. Mr. Jones is still he became Secretary of Foreign Miswent to India in 1889 and during the called by some Japanese "the St. Paul sions, and traveled extensively in the thirty-nine years that he was a medi- of Northern Japan." Since retiring Orient and in South America. He recal missionary there, he treated more he has worked among the Japanese in tired from active service several years than 1,000,000 patients and restored ago. Dr. Williams was for some years eyesight to 12,000. Young medical · Southern California. Editor of The MisHionary Survey and students from all over the country '" '" Dr. John A. Savage, who served the was the author of the book, "In Four went to receive instruction from the Continents," published in 1911. "Wizard of India," as he was called. cause of National Missions in the He had the satisfaction of seeing a Presbyterian Church for forty years, The Rev. Fr*ank* K*night Sanders, self-supporting hospital and Christian died January 1, in Franklinton, N. C. church established at Miraj, where Dr. Savage was an Afro-American, D.D., former dean of the Yale Divinthere had not been one Christian when born in Liberia 75 years ago. It was ity School and more recently the presthe medical work was started. Today his pride to build up the Church of ident of Washburn College, in Topeka, the hospital is the largest mission med- Christ among American Negroes. Kan., died at Rockport, Mass., on Febical hospital in India and includes ruary 20, at the age of seventy-one. more than fifty buildings, six branch Miss Annie H*; G'"ow'"ens, for twentyhospitals, a leper asylum, two con- Dr. Sanders after his graduation valescent homes, and the first medical five years a missionary of the Presby- from Ripon College, Wisconsin, remission school in India. terian Board in China, died in To- turned to Ceylon as an instructor at ronto, January 1. She was born and Jaffna College. He was once director Sunday School educated in Scotland. Much of her of missionary preparation for the service was given to rural itineration Foreign Missions Conference of North Supplies in China. America and a former president of the Religious Education Association. Sound. sp,n'/uu/ Miss Minnie '"Cla*rke'", who served in Virginia C. Y*oun'"g, '"formerly a mis- ~'hons of/lie East Africa since 1898 under the ~1'~!~lll'II~1 ·//onrtklllnlJm7o0mhin~lJl/iot~Jj A. B. C. F. M. died at Durban, South sionary of the Protestant Episcopal Africa, January 14. She was born at Church in the Philippines, died in Natal, South Africa, the daughter of Stamford, Connecticut, on March 14th English missionaries, and was edu~ at the age of sixty-six. Miss Young • • cated in England. was one of those who helped to per- suade the savage Moros of Jolo to sub- • mit to the American Government with- out fighting. Later she started a mis- The Rev. Henry Francis Williams, sionary agricultural sehool among the D.D., Secretary Emeritus of the Ex- Moros. After her return from the Philippines in 1916 she earried on deaconess work in New York, assist- ing girls who needed friendly advice or shelter.

ARTICLES IN THE APRIL NUMBER

The Palladium of Islam ……………………… , … , ……….. S. M. Zwemer The Origin of the ld al-Adha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Richard Bell American Interests in the Near East . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . James L. Barton Early North African Christianity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gaius J. Siosser A Turkish Interpretation of World History ……………………… Lee Vrooman The Y. M. C. A. in the Near East.. . ………………………. Wilbert B. Smith Spiritual Results Among Moslems in China …………………… George K. Harris From Bahrain to Taif …………………………………….. Louis P. Dame The Religious Background of the Moghuls ……………………. G. H. Schanzlin The Bulgarian Koran ……………………………………. Nalanail NaziforJ Current Topics …… Boole Reviews …… Survey of Periodicals » SUBSCRIBE TODAY Address THE MOSLEM WORLD 156 Filth A.enue New York City Single copies, SOc.; Annual Subscription, $2.00; in Combination with the REVIEW, $3.50 MARSHALL, MORGAN a SCOTT, 12 Pel_oster Bulldin,., London Price In Gr.el Brllein, Eishl Shlllinss, nal I THE KING'S BUSINESS Girdles the Globe . Subscribers and Contributors In Every Country In the World Stdrk pioneer Adds, isoldted misssion stdtions, crowded, disease· infected, superstition-steeped sections-to all of these THE KING'S BUSINESS ministers. It is quite naturdl thdt out from them there should come to the pdges of THE KING'S BUSINESS missiondry articles, Hdshing with power dnd luminous with dPpedl.

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The Missionary Review of the World — April 1931

BEVELLS ANN&aCI: '

AVOID THIS ~. MISFORTUNE LET YOUR GIFT "I know of no one more deserving to Foreign Missions of sympathy than a woman with limited I resources, without children to advise PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME her, without business experience, sud- denly left a widow and compelled to You can make a generoUS gift to foreign mis- settle an estate." sions and have a needed income for yourself and others from the money you give by the Who will be her advisor? Who will share her troubles and re- Annuity Gift Plan sponsibilities? Who will provide for her in case of This plan relieves you of uncertain ty and loss of principal? worry caused by changing va]ues of invested funds and assures you a fixed income of This can all be avoided by investing your savings in Annuity Agreement. 4t% to 9% per year of the Methodist Mission Boards. for the rest of your life For furilier illformation write: A reserve fund of over $1.500.000 guarantees MORRIS W. EHNES, Treasurer, Board I the prompt payment of annuities to you.

of Foreign llissiolls of the Methodist Protect yourself against loss through unwise investments and at the same time E Yor,kl, _N'. YC.h,"cocrh. ISO Fl"h A"""" Ncw I help send the gospel to all the world.

W. J. ELLIOTT, Treasurer, Board of For .lull in/ormation wrz"te Erne.t F. Hall~ Secretary~ Dept. of Annuiti•• Home :Missions and Church ExtenslOn of the ~ ethochst Episcopal Church, 170 Arch BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS St, Philadelphia Pa. of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

156 Fifth Avenue. New York – – – – – – – —–~ ~ — PERSONALS School of Missions at Mount Hermon, THE REV. HERBERT F. LAFLAMME has California, has been reelected chairman recently become promotion secretary for and has plans under way for the next the New York area for The American school, July 4-11, which will be the Mission to Lepers. He will be associated .. ..'" twenty-fifth session of the school.

with the General Secretary, Mr. Wm. M. DR. S. H. CHESTER, for some years the Danner, with headquarters at 156 Fifth honored and beloved secretary of the Avenue. For eighteen years Mr. La- Executive Committee for Foreign Mis- flamme served as a Baptist missionary sions of the Presbyterian Church in the in India. For three and a half years United States, celebrated his eightieth he was Traveling Secretary for the Stu- birthday on January seventeenth at the dent Volunteer Movement for Foreign home of his daughter in Passaic, New Missions, for ten years he was one of Jersey. … … …

the Field Secretaries of the Laymen's Missionary Movement, and for the last DR. JOHN M. MOORE has resigned as general secretary of the Federal Counten years he has been Field Secretary cil in charge of the development of state and local federation. The direction of the Greater New York Federation of of these features of the Federal Council is now to be in the hands of Dr. Roy B. Churches. '" … Guild, with headquarters in Chicago.

Upon THE REV. DR. J. A. MOREHEAD, THE REV. AND* M*RS*. JONATHAN Go- president of the Executive Committee of FORTH, of China, have started back for their difficult field in Manchuria, leaving the Lutheran World Convention, the Toronto on December 26th.

King of Denmark and Iceland has be- THE REV. C. R*AN*KIN* BARNES, rector stowed knighthood in the Order of of St. James' Church, South Pasadena, Calif., has been elected assistant secre- Dannebrog. The honor was conferred tary of the Department of Christian So- cial Service of the National Council of for relief service in Europe as commis- the Protestant Episcopal Church, sioner of the National Lutheran Council and distinguished service to the churches and to the. nations through leadership in the Lutheran World Convention move- … … . ment.

MRS. W. E. CROUSER, who successfully guided the 1930 session of the Federate Please mention THE MISSIONARY RIIlVIIIlW OF THill WORLD In wrltlnl: to advertisers. Missionary Society J. P. BUNTER, B.A., L.L.B., of Poona, Workers and Members India, died on November 25th at the age of 58. He was a strong Christian and was WiliWeleome Government Pleader and Public Prose- cutor at Poona. Though a lawyer by This 8-Section 20-Lesson Course by profession, which involved great pres- sure of legal work, he took the keenest Rev. R. H. Grover, M. D., F. R. G. S. interest in Christian work, and for nearly 40 years was a pillar of strength O~p~~~le~r~a;w~i~~i°:tefi~~e~e~~;ma~3e O{aSl~ to the C. M. S. Church at Poona. He was a member of the All-India Council opportunities for further missionary effort~ of the National Missionary Society rep- What and how much of it can you conscientiously resenting the Bombay Presidency. His say that you know? zeal for the preaching of the Gospel was great and he found in the Bible the In every church, in every missionary society, whole inspiration of his devoted life and in the life and experience of every church worker worship. Last year he was chosen as -there comes a time when only specific facts wi]] the president of the Bombay Representserve. For these reasons this 20-Lesson Course ative Council of missions. One of the becomes living monuments of his self-sacrificing achievements is the development of an a Real Help and Inspiration to educational institution at Hadapsar, five Every Student 01 Missions miles from Poona, for the education of the agricultural classes. The Govern- Eager to know this Special Field ment recognized his merits and nomi- nated him a member of the Bombay If you are not alreadY enroJled 8S a Correspondence Legislative Council. In 1928 he was Student. why not start with this course of Home awarded the Kaiser-i-hind medal. Study with the view of becoming the missionary authority in your ch urch or foreign mission circle? By ** the MOOdy Bible lnstitute method YOU may acquire the necessary knowledge in the quiet privacy of your RAJA SIR HARNAM SINGH, K.C.I.E., own home through a c:ourse of inspiring. stimulating the veteran Indian Christian leader and home study lessons prepared by a leading authority. first president of the National Mission- ary Society of India, died last year. Especially suitable'for classes. Greatly reduced fees Born in a princely family his conversion for classes of ten or more. was romantic and entailed a stupen- dous sacrifice of power and prestige. Sign and mail the coupon below and let us send full Deeply interested in the welfare of the information concerning this training for Christian Indian Christian community, his maniworkers. fold activities reveal the greatness of the departed soul. He gave over half MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE a lakh of rupees for the benefit of Indian Christian scholars. The King recognized CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL the services of the Raja to the Empire by making him a K.C.I.E. He was a Dep. 4684-··153 In.tit.t. PllCe CHICAGO member of the Chamber of Princes, and was a Moderator of the General As- – – – I~h;~:i~~e~n:;i;::—– sembly of the United Church of India, North. I Dept. 4684. 153 Institute Place. Chicago. W. I Send me further particulars regarding your World ** I W[de Missions Course of Home Study. REV. WILLIAM EDWARD GOWARD, a I Name…. ……………………………………… missionary of the London Missionary Society, for over thirty years in Samoa L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I I Address………………………. ,…………… ,…………………………..~ , and the Gilbert Islands, died in Worth- ing, England, on February 16th. Mr. OBITUARY Goward was born at Market Har- borough in 1860, and went out to Samoa DR. EUGENE S. BOOTH, who went to in 1888. From 1899 until their retire- Japan in 1879, as a missionary of the ment in 1910 Mr. and Mrs. Goward Reformed Church in America, died in worked under the trying climatic and New York on February 9th. He was isolated conditions of the Gilbert Islands. born on August 16, 1850, in Trumbull, Their Central Trading Station at Rongo- Connecticut, and was graduated from Rongo was a model of order and organ- Rutgers College in 1876. For thirty ization, a settlement of 320 people with years he was President of Ferris Sem- neat houses, spacious church and school inary, Yokohama, retiring in 1922. buildings for the separate grades of students, printing and other workshops; ** boathouses, stores, and two airy houses for Europeans, exactly suited to the THE REV. S. B. ROBOLD, well-known breathless climate. principal of tbe Mount Carmel Bible School, Haifa, Palestine, died in February. He was a converted Hebrew and formed a wonderful link between Judaism and Christianity. For some years he supplied the notes on mission work among Jews for the REVlEW. Last January the Editor of the REVIEW and Mrs. Pierson visited Mr. and Mrs. Robold in Haifa and saw evidences of their remarkable work.

Plt~fise m('lltion 'rJ1E MISSIONARY REVlEW Oil' THE WORl.D in writing- to ailvertisel's. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD P)I;I.ALN I,. PIP:;RSON, Edltur CONTENTS-April, 1931 Cblaese Twice-Bora By Charles E. Scott Page Studies of spiritual tragedies and triumphs in the FHO.'TISPIECE ….•…•….•.••.••• 244 lives of Chinese Christians, by the author of WONDERS AlIIOl>G CASTE PEOPLE .. · . . • . . . . • . • . • • • CHARI,ES -V. POSNETT 245 "China from Within." $1.50 A HEVIVAL IN HYDERABAD •.•••••• Gods 01 Wealth aad War • ••••••••••••••• CHARLES R. MANLEY 249 By James Livingstone Stewart TRENDS IN TIlE NON-CHRISTIAN WORLD •..•.•… SAMUEL M. ZWEMEB 251 A tale of Modern China by the author of "The lIAS CHRISTIANITY CHANGED? …•. Laughing Buddha." Grim, gripping, romantic, • •••••.••.••.•.•.•• "'". Y. l!""ULLERTON 251 yet over ninety per cent history. $2,00 PRAYER AND COOPERATION IN CHINA ……………. C. Y. CHENG 259 A UNITED CHURCH IN PUERTO RICO Korea: Tbe Old aad the New • •…•.. }l'REI)ERICK LESLIE BaOWNJ..EE 263 'fnE TRAGEDY OF THE INDIAN STU- DENTS ………..•.•……..••••• 266 YOUNG PEOPLE AND THE CHURCH •• By Ellasue Wagner ……………• : …• RALPH McAFEE 267 HOW GIVE THE GOSPEl, TO MOSLEMS A picture of present-day Korea in a day of radi- •….•••••.. 111. A. QAYYUM DASKAWIE 270 cal change and transition, including a study of A GLDIPSE OF HAMLET LIFE IN Il>DIA . . . • . . . . • . • • . JAMES 111. BAKER 273 the heritage of the past, and the problem of ~'HE CRISIS IN PALESTINE •.••••••.• Korea's future. Illustrated, $1.50 …………………. S. B. ROHOLP 276 Alrican Stories IlELIGIOUS INTERESTS IN JAPAN .. By Albert D. Helser, M.A .. • •••••••••••••••••• GORDON CHAPMAN 279 Introduction by Franz Boas, Columbia University TOPICS OF THE TIMES ••••••.••.••• 281 Upwards of eighty stories dealing with every "'HY NOT MORE PROGRESS? conceivable phase of native life and culture ']~HE BATTLE AGAINST CHRIST among the Buras of Northeastern Nigeria.

THE VORLD AND THE REVIEW Illustrated. $1.75 METHODS FOR WORKERS .•..••.••• Where Day Dawns · . . . . . . EDITED HY MRS. ~'. I. JOHNSON 285 A Japanese Reader WOMAN'S HO~fE AND FOIlEIGN BUL- LETIN …•…•..••.••.•..•.•••••• 292 By Maude Whitmore Madden WO)(LD·WIDE OUTLOOK .•….••.•.. 298 nOOKS WORTH READING……….. 311 TER.MS.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 In clubs of Author of "Young Hearts in Old Japan" five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, Stories, legends, poem. old and new, scraps of 25 cents. Published montbly. ~opyrlgbted. verse. proverbs. translations and ancient folk lore concerning the Sunri.e Kingdom. 1931, by lIrSSIONARY REVIEW PUBL.ISHING COM- PANY, I~c. All rights reserved. 'f> Illustrated, $1.50 The Pool "1 Sacrilice THE MISSIONARY REVIEW. PUBLISHING A story of Central America CO;);IPANY, INc. By Josephine Hope Westervelt UOHERT E. SPEER, President 'V'lLLIAlI I. CHAM8ERLAIN, Vice-PreBident The young adventurers of Mr.. Westervelt's DELAVAN L. PIERSON, SecretMY story make their way through almost impene- VALTER McDOUGALL, TrefUlurer trable jungles and along swampy trails to meet Puhlication OID.ce, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa.. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year. up with thrilling experiences. $1.50 Editorial and Business Olllce, 156 Fiftb Avenue, FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY New York City New York: 158 Fifth Avenue Entered as second·claBs matter at tbe Post 01Hee, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of l!rfarch Chicago: 851 Cass Street 3, 1879.

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CASTE GlRLS ARE CARRIED 'I'O SCHOOL IN NOR'l'H

They are taken into the Dlission school compound in this closely covered, improvised sedan chair, that no mun may sce their faces by NORTH INDIA MISSION SCHOOL GIRLS WITH THEIR WRITING TABLE'l'S

LIV, No.4 April,1931

THE MISSIONARY %eWO..-~ WONDERS AMONG CASTE PEOPLE BY REV. CHARLES W. POSNETT, Medak, Nizam's Dominions, India Mi88ionary of the lVe81eyan Methodfst Mi88iQnaru Society} 1899- PERSECUTION is very bitter it, but the villagers united together here, but on the whole it is less and dug another well, and u'ntil determined. Our people have that was ready they fetched water been dragged' to the courts time from a lake where all the cattle after time and have lost time and drink and wallow, where clothes money and much of their harvest are washed and the holy Brahmins by the bitter persecution of the vil- always bathe, wash their teeth and lage chiefs. Still, their patience then drink. Everywhere I am try- and courage is winning. One chief ing to persuade them to dig wells stopped the road by cutting down so that they may have a pure water trees across the public way thus supply and escape the scourge of hoping to stop my coming to his plague .and cholera and smallpox village. They hate the idea of the which are constantly breaking out people becoming Christians because in the villages of Hyderabad. These they know that it means that the stagnant lakes which are found day of injustice and forced labor near every village are a constant and cruelty will have to pass away. danger as long as the people use In another village, where people this foul water for drinking.

are determined to be baptised and One of our best men, John, has where they beg for a teacher, the taken charge of a new village called village chief had one of the elders Lakmashantha. He and his wife put in prison on some paltry and children are living in one little charge. The charge was dismissed, tiny grass hut, 9 feet wide by 12 but he was kept in prison waiting feet long, as big as an English scul- for trial eleven days on account of lery, in terrible heat. We have holidays. In such ways these ene- neither a house or a well for them, mies try to do everything to dis- and every day he fetches water courage young beginners but they half a mile from the village lake.

have not succeeded. In this very 1. am amazed at the bravery and village our evangelist has been patience of John and his wife. The given part of the house of one of walls are full of holes where snakes the caste people in spite of all the and scorpions abound. This little threats of the village chief. shed gets full of mosquitoes and In another village the chief hat! other insects and it is hard for the polluted the caste well so that our children to sleep in this hot weath- would-be Christians could not use er. No wonder they have been iII.

245

Surely the patience and the brav- and inspired them to keep themery of such men and women puts selves and their homes clean. She us all to shame. was determined to teach them the stories of Jesus. She proposed that In Khanapur the hatred and op- they should act the story of the five position of the village chief was Virgins but their husbands said, very bitter. At last we were given "You are not dancing girls to do a small grass thatched shed belong- this sort of thing." Ruth was not ing to one of the caste enquirers. to be beaten and said, "I will do it Benjamin had only been there a with you and we will act it tofew days, and when he went out gether, and then your husbands early in the morning to bathe and will say nothing if I am doing it returned he found all his boxes, also." Last week we saw these clothes and everything put out on women telling the story of the Virthe road and the whole of his little gins. They had ten improvised hut had been pulled down to the torches and they had brought their ground. This village is so far away own little brass vessels, five of them that the hands of the Government had oil and five of them none. The are not strong. Many would have whole village gathered to see them given up in despair but this man tell the story and it was a perfect is holding 'on and making friends. joy. They were so clean and so changed in appearance. They evi- I was greatly cheered with some dently love and adore Ruth. The of the village women. Wherever story was simple and they had we have a good evangelist's wife made everything with their own hands. The whole village followed there the women are clean and the story with breathless interest. eager for service and gather every I was delighted because I feel that night at the evangelist's house. One we must get hold of the women of of our best teachers, called Rat- these caste villages, otherwise they nam, had been teaching her women will never cease from secret longto make their children's clothes. ing after idolatry. We must get They prepared the thread and then them out of their zenana homes and they engage the village tailor to get them accustomed to taking part make the little garments. Ratnam in services. Ruth's example has beis one of the best of our teachers, come an inspiration to all the Bible she gets all the women together women in the District. while they are making thread from the cotton flowers with their The other day one of our pastor's little hand machines and she teach- wives was taken ill, and though she es them stories. The elders were was well known as an outcaste eager and the women learned a lot woman by birth, the caste women about the life of Christ. We have of the village came and cooked for an old Brahmin in this village, her and cleaned up her house. What who is also an eager Christian, and a miracle this is! It is the more is not ashamed to have the out- wonderful because 30 years she castes come to a prayer meeting in was a devil priestess, standing his house. naked on the streets of that very village, her hair had never been Another of our best women, washed or cut or combed. She had called Ruth, is doing wonders in such a beautiful face that my sister Sonipet. She found the women most indifferent and dirty, but by kindness she won them to her home

llJ31] WONDERS AMONG CASTE PEOPLE

could not bear to think of her be- until I promised to send them an coming a public prostitute and evangelist. They told me they had devil priestess, and we rescued her. been ten times to Nirmal to plead Now she is the minister's wife in with our Indian minister but he that village and the caste people had neither the man nor the money love her enough to come and cook to send one.

for her. Testimonies of Caste Hindus At our Summer School for Caste Hindus in Medak, we planned to One of the remarkable features receive 250, but every day mes- of our meetings has been the testi- sages came that more were begging monies of these Caste Hindus.

to come. On Thursday they were (1) Narsimha Rao John is the coming all through the night, and village chief of Adivi KowtIa. It is at the opening service on Friday seven years ago since I baptised a morning there were 640 Caste Hin- few families of caste and outcastes dus-men and women from all over in that village. At the baptism Hyderabad. Many were already service in the river, this old chief baptised, but about 250 were still came to watch. While I was exhesitating on the brink of decision. amining them he listened carefully, They had learned a good deal about Christ and many had been giving and when they vowed their lives regularly to the Church, but the to Christ I asked him what he final public confession stood in the thought. He hesitated and then way. They came to hear more Df said, "They are doing right, your Jesus, and during that first service Jesus is the true God." I never they behaved as if they had been thought this man would himself accustomed to reverent public wor- soon come to the feet of our Lord. ship for years. It is almost unbe- Three years· ago he came to the lievable that all these caste people, Summer School, and begged for baptism. In our Church he stood who twenty years ago would not up before them all and said, "I have even come into our compound be- searched all the Hindu holy books, cause it was the home of "out- but there is no story in the world castes" and who would not drink like the story of Yesu Swami and the water from our wells because I am going to give my life to Him." outcastes were drawing water. Now they stayed with us, drank For three years he has been one our water and ate the food that of our most enthusiastic voluntary was prepared for them. It is a evangelists. Wherever he has gone miracle when you think of the posi- he has witnessed for His Master. This year he came again, and tion only five years ago. standing up before the whole Another remarkable feature of crowd he said, "No pressure from this Summer School is that no less the missionaries or from the Indian than 70 women turned up having padries would ever have made me walked 30, 40 and even 60 miles to be baptised, but I 'tasted' Jesus to the station, and many of them in my heart and the sweetness of having paid their own fare on the His 'taste' filled my whole life. Now railway. One band of men came wherever I am I feel the 'taste' of 135 miles begging for a teacher. Jesus and I must tell everyone They had heard of the Summer about Him."

School and they would not leave (2) Samuel Veeriah is a young

man who comes from Siddipett, ing that they could cure his daughwhich is the hardest and most un- ter, and every time she was taken fruitful ground in the District. He ill they tried to come into his house had read the life of Sadhu Sunder to cure her, but he would not al- Singh and the Gospels, and though low them to cross his door step. He he was the son of a village chief called the village evangelist and he could not resist the call of they prayed with the girl. At last Christ, and for months he has been she is better, and he brought her telling his family that he must be- and her mother with him to the come a Christian. He has been Summer School. On Sunday mornturned out of his home and has lost ing they knelt together and were everything, but he stood up and baptised into the name of Jesus. said, "Though they have turned me For a year past, though he was not from my home and though I have baptised he has been giving this lost all my relatives I could not brave witness and we felt no hesibear to lose Jesus." His sincerity tation in giving him baptism. has been so well proved that I could not resist his appeal for bap- Gumeralla, the Tiger's Village tism, and on Sunday morning he brought with him ten young men The fight with the Tiger is over whom he has been leading for and I have received the final judgmonths, and all of them openly con- ment of the Prime Minister. In fessed Jesus and were baptised. this the Tiger is told that his posi- What this will mean to Siddipett no tion of village chief is taken away one can tell. It is the most hopeful and that never again will he be althing that has happened there in lowed to exercise any authority in the 35 years that I have been in this village. We had hoped that India. I cannot help believing that some of the land that he has stolen this is going to be the beginning would be returned to our people, of a great movement towards but it would have been such a long- Christ among the caste Hindus of and costly process to secure this judgment that we gave it up. He Siddipett. has fought us in every court and has spent at least £2,000 in the (3) Rajanna Abraham, of EI- fight. It has been a terrible strain lukatoor, was baptised a year ago and anxiety for nearly three years, and has had to pay a terrible price but at last it is settled and we for his confession. He has been thank God. The Government has dragged to the court and persecut- appointed a Christian villager to be chief in his place and this man and ed, his land has been stolen and his Christian wife came to our everything has been done to make Summer School and stood up and testified saying, "From the day him turn back from the narrow that I gave my heart to Jesus I path. He stood up and said, "They have been full of happiness and can take my land, my home and all now though I do not want this posithat I have, they can tear my flesh tion I am glad to serve my Master from my bones, but they shall in Gumeralla and I want to be a never tear me away from Jesus." servant of my Lord."

(4) Peter, of Kondapuram, gave The Sunday morning service was a beautiful testimony. His daugh- one that everyone will remember. ter had been suffering from fits. The village sorcerers and magicians constantly worried him say-

A REVIVAL IN HYDERABAD

There were a thousand people pres- little Indian drums and violin. ent, and of the newcomers 140 Everyone held the sugar and coheads of families had given in coanut in his hand until all were their names for baptism. They ready, and the elders had come were all men whom we could trust, back and stood before the communmen who had been long prepared ion rail putting down their trays but had hesitated over the final con- and each one taking a little sugar fession. During these days of wait- and cocoanut for himself. Then ing upon God they had heard His the whole congregation repeating voice and they confessed one after after me said, "Lord Jesus, I take another that they had seen Jesus this food in memory of Thy love to and wanted to give their lives to me." And all quietly ate the sugar Him. After the baptisms a hundred and cocoanut while our singers people came up to the communion sang again. In a few moments one rail bringing their offerings, the to- of our Indian ministers started the tal value of which was about £10. hymn of triumph "Victory, victory, victory to Jesus, Hallelujah," and At the conclusion of the service at the end of each verse he cried we started the Great Indian Love "Yesu Swami, glory be to Thee," Feast. The elders from each section and.the whole congregation lifting brought up trays of sugar and their hands shouted, "Glory to God broken cocoanut which they had in the highest." It was a wonderalready prepared and cut into small ful triumph, and no one who ever pieces. These were publicly blessed, saw and heard will forget it. God and then they went round to dis- has been wonderfully near us and tribute to the thousand people in indeed those last words are what the congregation. While it was we are all feeling, "Glory to God in going on we had some beautiful the highest." Indian music-a singer and the A REVIVAL IN HYDERABAD FOR some time Dr. and Mrs. they themselves had found in Manley, of the American Bap- Jesus. tist Mission, have been praying for a revival in Hanamakonda, "From Saturday to Wednesday Hyderabad. C. H. Bhanamurti, of the subject was sin, its consethe Cocanada Theological Semina- quences, repentance, and confesry and Mr. Prakasham, pastor of sion. Burdened hearts were laid the J agannaikapuram Church, held bare before the Lord day by day. a series of meetings for a week, Joy and peace Christ brought to with the workers and the church their hearts. Thursday was largely members. Pastor Mathews of Bim- given up to experience and confeslipatam Church and Rev. E.L. sion. The Spirit of God moved us Quirk also held a series of meet- to make confessions. On Friday ings lasting ten days. and Saturday consecration meet- ings were held, leading us to sur- Emphasis was laid on the fact render completely to the Lord. that the missionaries had come to Friday morning's meeting ended share with the Christians of what with the phenomenon common to

many revival meetings in India, in sin that they had lost the con- when all were praying at once, sciousness of it. In many cases pouring out their sins before God. the confessions were startling, yet On Saturday, only one meeting they were followed by making was held. All were expectant. amends and restitution.

Large numbers had been cleansed "From two standpoints, we have and awaited the infilling of the not seen the like of this revival be- Holy Spirit. There was a dead fore. In the first place, the grip silence, a pause, a waiting. The of sin was so tremendous, and the people were still unsatisfied. It confessions in consequence were must have been a time of further startling. From the grip of sin, heart searching. In the middle of they emerged into the light and the night, Dr. Manley was awak- freedom of Jesus. Secondly, the ened by some one on the compound, settling of quarrels and misunder- praying in agony. standings was on an enormous "The Sunday morning meeting scale, and the consequent love and we shall never forget. After short fellowship which followed was a addresses, the meeting was thrown great joy. We thank the Lord for open. At eight o'clock the meeting this great experience, and for the started. For hours one person fol- newfound friends and blood-rel- lowed another in quick succession; atives in Christ in that place, and arising, going to those whom they the love that they poured out."

had wronged, they begged forgive- ERIC L. QUIRK. ness, many with tears streaming The work of revival has just bedown their faces. At one o'clock, we saw that we would yet have gun and we believe that as each hours to wait, and so we asked worker goes into his own village those who still wished to ask par- again he will take the fire of the don of their brethren to arise and Holy Spirit with him and that that do so without waiting one for the fire will burn down barriers and other. For ten minutes there was obstacles that have held back the confusion, and then – "Victory, work of Christ in this field for Victory, Hallelujah t" poured forth many years and that we will have from two hundred throats. The a great general revival throughout Holy Spirit had come to reign. the whole field.

"Sunday afternoon, twenty-three In order to get folks to work at were baptized in Hanamakonda, once, and thus keep what they and the Lord's Supper was cele- have gained, we have gathered brated. them together in groups and have "In the past many Indian Chris- formed Sunday-schools in three tians have failed to appreciate and near-by places. We have plans for to understand missionary motives, four more Sunday-schools as fast yet fundamentally the difficulty as it is practical to establish them.

Was their own sin. Once that was We missionaries feel that no one cleansed the way was paved for received a greater blessing through the clearing up of misunderstand- these revival services than we did.

ings which had accumulated for a God make us worthy stewards for long time. There was an extraor- the great work He has entrusted dinary condition prevailing. In to us here.

many cases the people were so deep CHARLES R. MANLEY.

IN THE NON-CHRISTIAN

BY THE REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., Princeton, N. J.

E di tor of til e Mod em l1'oda .WHAT ails India, China, Per- This is typical of the situation in sia, Egypt, Turkey, and the non-Christian world. The times Arabia? Economic, social, are out of joint, as is evident from political and intellectual move- the newspapers. There is great ments are stirring the peoples of spiritual unrest, as is revealed these lands and there probably never was a time when currents of thought ran so swiftly and in such opposite di- rections. A whirlpool of conflicting ideas and ideals, a strange medley of tendencies tow a r d syncretism, ' agnosticism or hero-worship.

There is a story about an obscure character, Micha, in the book of Judges, which affords an illustration, if not a parallel, to the present situation in Asia and North Africa. That an- cient day, too, was a time of transition; political, social and moral 1ife were deeply disturbed.

The story occurs in one of the most barbaric chapters of the book and tells of murder, arson, kidnapping, a n arc h y, idolatry. "In those days there was no king in Israel." Micah explains his desperate plight. He has lost his gods; he has T IIlD NE W INDIAN NATIONAL 'l'lUNITY lost his priest; he has (For e:JJpl""ation Bee pago ~55) lost his faith; "Ye have taken away my gods which I made from the missionary reports. One and the priest and are going away, hesitates to attempt any< interpre- and what have I more? And how tation. But a master-missionary, then say ye unto me, What aileth Dr. Edwards, the editor of Dnya- thee?" nodaya, the leading Marathi Chris- 251

tian weekly of West India, says: system of the Devadasis against (October 23, 1930) "There are which Indian reformers are so three strands one can pick up out ceaselessly making their construc- of the tangled skein: The current tive protest. Hinduism may be in idealization of Hinduism; the external revival by its building of growing revolt against the idea of new temples for the untouchables, God; and the exalting of politics but inwardly it is marked either by and patriotism into a religion." decay or borrowing from other These three currents or trends faiths.

are found not only in India but in "The other characteristic mark- China, and in the Near East. The ing what we have called the ideal.

idealization of the old religions by izing going on in present-day Hin- efforts at reform or rehabilitation; duism is the marvellous power of the exaltation of nationalism into assimilation Hinduism displays in a new religion, in which patriotism relation to truth, by its being able becomes hero-worship; the repu- to absorb Christian principles up diation of all religion as mere folly to a certain point and shedding the and superstition-all three of these remainder like a snake shedding trends are due directly or indirect- its skin. Indeed, so great is the ly to the impact of the West (its power of Hinduism to absorb from missions and its secularism) on the other faiths and yet to remain Hin- East. The disintegration of the old duism at the core that we need to religious life manifests itself in be on our guard against this par- these three ways everywhere. The ticular Hindu tendency which is all tragedy of the situation is that all the more dangerous, because so of them seem to lead away from flattering to those systems from Christ-the Christ of the Indian which it borrows."

road and of every road. The peril of syncretism, especial- 1. The Idealization of the Old ly in South India, is real. In North Religions. "When we speak of the India, Islam and converts from idealization of Hinduism," says Dr. Islam act as a strong bulwark for Edwards, "we are largely thinking theism, but in South India the of the educated section of India. leaven of Pantheism can with dif- This idealization is marked by a ficulty be kept out even from Chris- double characteristic; the first is tian thought and life. This present- what the late Dr. Farquhar meant day idealization of Hinduism is when he spoke of an outward re- evident in rose-colored views of vival of modern Hinduism accom- caste, and the repudiation of its panied by a deepening internal de- evil influence, in a growing defense cay. None who studies modern of idolatry, as mere symbolism, and Hinduism can have any doubt, in putting Krishna on a parallel either about the external revival as with Christ as one of the world's seen in the observing of all festi- Saviours. Some Hindu writers vals with a punctiliousness which compare the Bhagavadgita with the only Hindus can show, or about the New Testament and profess to find internal decay which is spreading better and higher teaching in the like a canker to every part of the former book. In Islam there are Hindu system: to mention only nne evidences of the game general tend- feature, for example, the foul ency to idealize. It began with abomination represented by the Seyyid Amir Ali's life of Moham-

TRENDS IN THE NON-CHRISTIAN WORLD

med and received impetus from the into new tongues. These transla- Western apologists for Islam or Lions are not free from idealizatioll perverts to Islam, Sheldrake, Lord for they de-code the original into Headley, Pickthall, and the latest terms suitable for the present state convert Philby. The unscrupulous of society and eliminate the blots efforts of the Ahmadiya Movement that stain the life and character of in Qadian, Lahore and London have the founder of Islam. Compare the broadcasted and emphasized all recent translations by Mohammed that could be gleaned from these Ali, Sarwar and Pickthall. They writers. Islam, they say, never go so far as to praise Mohammed used the sword, save in self-de- as the champion of women's rights, fense. They claim that it is the re- to assert that he was a monogamist ligion of peace and good-will, of and that toleration was the chief tolerance and brotherhood; that characteristic of early Islam! One Mohammed's character and life could give similar instances of at- were ideal in every respect. In a tempts to idealize Shintoism and recent review of Lippman's Pref- Buddhism, from Japan and China.

ace to Morals, an aducated Moslem Everywhere the non-Christian says: "Jesus, the center of West- world is super-sensitive to any ern religion'is revealed in the avail- criticism of heathen idolatry or able records of his life, as only a ethics.

partial embodiment of human II. The Repudiation of All Re- ideals. A good character, no doubt, ligion. This is shown in the drift but one which fails to exhibit the toward atheism, secularism and perfection of which the multifari- humanism. The Jerusalem Council ous capacities of man are capable. Meeting recognized the serious and It is certain that philosophy cannot widespread character of this drift save morality. If it could, our in its deliberations and findings.

civilization would have solved its Our godless civilization and the moral problems long ago. Only re- neo-Paganism of the West is win- ligion can. And religion itself ning disciples in the East. The would fail to do so except in so atheistic or materialistic philos- far as it can offer a human ex- ophies of Europe and America have emplar who embraces in his per- captivated many of the educated fection one and all the different classes. Russian Communism has sides of human nature; who tow- extended to all lands. The fool no ers above all others yet strikes longer says only in his heart, there everybody as his kith and kin- is no God,-he shouts it on the only such a religion can save mo- radio.

rality. Nowhere but in the person Take India as an example: of the Holy Founder of Islam do "Early in 1928 Dr. Paranjpye, of we have a historic and human ex- Poona, a distinguished member of ample of this ideal character." the India Council in London, speak- ANew Portrait of Mohammed ing to Indian students in London, advised them to 'relegate religion They then proceed to paint a new to the scrap heap.' The new po- portrait of Mohammed with colors litical Constitution for India draft- taken from a Christian paint-box. ed by Pandit Motilal Nehru, and The Koran is called "Holy" and so- accepted by a Convention of all the cieties are formed to translate it political parties in January, 1929,

aims at a secular state, and puts the proofs of the existence of one religion outside the concern of the God, but this was done in order to State. 'Pandit Jawaharial Nehru dhlcover if I knew the proofs given openly stated that India's greatest in the Moslem textbooks or to let "enemy was religion," and that the student proclaim them to me.

their aim must be "to free India Now one meets young men who ask from religion." '* proof of the existence of God be- "In the autumn of 1928 a weekly cause they personally have no con- paper was started in South India, viction of it themselves."

bearing the title Revolt, one of its III. The Exaltation of Nationalacknowledged tenets being rank ism and Patriotism into aNew Reatheism. During the summer of ligion. This third tendency is very 1928 a discussion took place in the old. When paganism was disinte- Bombay University Senate con- grating in Rome, Emperor-worship cerning a resolution on 'the advis- began. In Japan we have a close ability of inculcating a theistic at- parallel in the latest development titude' in university education. of Shintoism. "Nature-worship The resolution was passed by twen- married to the worship of the Imty-three votes to seventeen, but a perial House." The Japanese are great storm burst the Indian press. taught at school that their reign- One leading Indian educationist de- ing Emperor is the direct descendscribed the resolution as 'sheer ant of the sun-goddess. Patriotism perverseness' and an 'exhibition of has become religion. In India imbecility.' Another wrote: 'The "Gandhi-worship," is almost a naexiled God is to be smuggled back tional cult. In Turkey, Mustapha to His throne, and our young men Kemal has received his apotheosis and women are to be inoculated as the creator of a new nation, and with strong doses of the "divine," , Zaglool Pasha in Egypt is the idol though 'it has been the proud priv- of those who worship only at the ilege of man to fight against that shrine of nationalism. There is baneful thing called God'; and, good in nationalism, no doubt, but roost significantly of all, he added: there is also the possibility of evil. 'We Indians have had too much of Nationalism and hero-worship canreligion, too much of God, and too not satisfy the human heart as a much of futile philosophy; that ac- substitute for religion. The latest counts for our position today as a illustration of this tendency is Inbankrupt nation.' " dia. Islam also is suffering from this An American missionary writes: leaven of the Sadducees. The stu- (Dnyanodaya, Nov. 6, 1930). "In dents at the universities of Bei- a copy of the Bombay Chronicle rut, Cairo, and Constantinople af- there appeared on the front page ford an illustration. The sons of some weeks ago a full-page illusfathers who were fanatic Moslems tration of the Hindu idol, Ganesch, are now asking; is there a God? or Ganpati. The image was of an Have we need of prayer? Is life elephant-headed man with four beyond the grave more than a pious hands, and always represented as dream? A missionary from Tuni- riding on a mouse, which was sia says: "I used to be asked for mythologically correct. In this case * Dr. J. F. Edwards-",]~he Foreign Ficld"- the idol was shown seated On a Non (the British Lion, of course, MaYt Hl30.

which scowled awfully), while a stripes, white, green and red, with Gandhi cap surmounted the head a handloom across the center), and of the elephant." He goes on to with the other hand holding the say: "But the most surprising evi- tuft of cotton from which the dence of the present attempt to thread passes in front of the group enlist the Hindu religion for the to the elder Nehru. Here is an Rake of political ends has been a amazing attempt to ring to the supnew 'Trinity,'* that has been cre- port of the political struggle for ated by some Hindu leaders. 'A few independence even so sacred a matdays after my return to India there ter as the Christian conception of was handed to me the picture of a the Trinity." three-headed man, with only one body. When I looked at the face The Situation in China that confronted me, I instantly recognized Gandhiji's portrait, The situation in China is dewhile to the left is the face of the scribed by T. C. Chao in The Chielder Nehru (Motilal) and to the nese RecoTdeT (Nov., 1930) ; "Reliright that of the younger Nehru gion in China may be considered at (Jawaharlal) . Underneath I read its lowest ebb today. Of the three in amazement, 'National Trinity.' traditional religions none is virile Under that I found the words, today. Taoism has suffered the 'Father, SOill and Holy Spirit,' most crushing defeat." Buddhism while the third line read 'Motilal is still active, yet we can almost say Nehru, Mahatma Gandhi, Jawa- that China is today a nation withharlal Nehru.' At the bottom is out a religion. The Nationalist the date, July, 1930. All this was Party has adopted as its slogan "to in the leading vernacular of West- govern the nation by the party," ern India, Marathi. Looking once therefore the party has the power more at the picture you note the to do anything it pleases. But no sacred cow standing behind this matter how this works out, it seems 'Trinity,' and on it written 'Moth- to some people that a nation should er India.' Four dogs guard this have some religion. At least it group, each with a label on the col- should have a faith which could lar: Boycott, Liquor, Forest, Salt. take the place of religion. Perhaps it is due to this fact, namely the The last three referred of course necessity of creating a new nationto the exhortation to break the gov- al soul, that all organizations and ernment laws relating to these. The institutions are required to observe elder Nehru (Father) holds a sa- the civic "eremony prescribed by cred conch shell, used in Hindu the party at all their formal meettemple-worship, in one hand and a ings, to bow three times before the distaff in the other. In the center picture of Dr. Sun Yat Sen and the is Gandhiji (Holy Spirit!!) who, national and party standards, read with spectacles on, and the sacred the last testament of Dr. Sun and marks of Hinduism on the fore- remain standing in silence for head, stands on wooden sandals, his three minutes. The Nationalist hands folded in adoration. On the Party claims that the authority of right is the younger Nehru (Son), the party is above everything else with one hand supporting the na- in the nation. Therefore, the party tionalist flag (three horizontal is above the nation and the party is above religion and above God! * ~p-e illustration page 251.

Aut Czsar aut Nullus. That is of the Third International, nor by the re:mlt. "We have no king but the road of violent Nationalism will Clesar!" Was foIlawed by the cry: Asia come to true life and liberty "Crucify Him, crucify Him." Not and power ;-but through Christ through any revival of old idola- and the little wicket-gate of repenttries and religions, not by the way ance that leads to Calvary.

ONE LIFE IN SOUTH AFRICA Elizabeth Hepburn, for Sixty Years a Missionary of the L. M. S.

SITTING in a Bulawayo garden, enjoying the warmth of the sun, I have time to think. I see the constant traffic in the streets, motor cars, steam rollers and troIleys, cycles, motor cycles, and hundreds of Matebele youths hurrying to and from their work.

Memory carries me back to the time (not very long ago) when the older brothers and fathers of these youths might have been sitting round Lobengula's courtyard-eat- ing, and drinking beer. They were eagerly waiting to know the Chief's orders, to watch where his spear would be thrown, in what direc- tion-when they would clutch their spears and assagais and with hell- ish shouts start off on the devil's work-making for a little kraal or village-killing the men, and the old people, gathering the young women and children and returning MRS. J. D. HEPBURN to Lobengula for his approval.

I remembered how in Shoshong, the constant progress of the glor- King Khama's country, the dread ious Gospel of Christ through of a vistation from the Matebele Africa and the part our Society has soldiers caused us and our Bam- had in it all, cause tears of grati- angwato people sleepless nights. tude to flow, and I thank Him for During my life in Africa I have the part which He had permitted seen miracles. When we arrived my husband and myself to share in Bechuanaland there was on the in it.

map one mission–our Society's We had the pleasure of helping station at Inyati. On the map to- the Coillards to reach the Zambezi day North and South Rhodesia are -Barotseland-Fred A r not to almost covered with mission sta- reach the Mashukulumbi – and tions. As I go back in thought to ourselves the Lake Ngami people.

1870, the wonderful change and -The Chronicle of the L. M. S.

CHRISTIANITY CHANGED'?

BY THE REV. W. Y. FULLERTON, D.D.

"H Secr('tnrll of the BaptfRt Mi,..ionar1! SOcietv, London AS the mission, the mes- evangelize it, and to find God's sage, the aim, and the pow- scattered "sheep" in its midst. If er of Christianity changed we apprehend that, it will save us in the past nineteen centuries?" from the idea that we must "not go In trying to answer these ques- to the heathen abroad because there tions we must first seek to establish are heathen at home." We may in- what these were in the beginning. deed, and must, seek to Christian- Even then we shall need to be care- ize a nation, but we cannot hope to ful for we are outside other ages convert it. While we plant the and are within our own, and it is Church, like a tree, in any country, impossible to compare an exterior the Gospel will of itself also work with an interior. quickly as leaven, changing the But the mission, the message, whole people. But our business is and the aim of the Gospel have to separate a people from among been quite clear all along the ages. the nation that shall be as distinct, Before we compare them let us see that, like the people in Antioch, it what they were at the start. By the will be necessary to find a new term Christianity we mean the re- name for them, and call them ligion of Jesus Christ as set forth "Christian." In China they debated in the New Testament, not all that whether they should seek to estab- goes by the name today. lish a National Church, and they The mission of Christianity was saw it would not do, but they sang to spread the revelation of Himself the doxology when they hit upon that God gave through Jesus the term "nation-wide" to express Christ; to let all men see the mys- their purpose. It is now as at the tery that had been hid from the be- beginning.

ginning that the Gentiles should be The message of Christianity at fellow heirs with Israel and "of the beginning is set forth by the the same body and partakers of his , Apostles to the Gentiles in 1 Corin- promise in Christ by the Gospel." thians XV. He tells us the things Paul fought the battle in Jerusalem on which all the Apostles were and saved Christianity from being agreed, things that were also ac- merely a Jewish sect, and the cording to the Scriptures which Church at Jerusalem discovered they had in their hands. All of and declared that the world-wide them were related to Christ-He appeal of the Gospel was no after- died, was buried, rose from the thought on God's part, for James, dead. Of this there is abundant evi- as its spokesman, said that, "It was dence, and this is how the grace of God's original concern to visit the God reaches sinful men. "That is Gentiles and to take out of them a what we preached," he says, "and people for His name." that is what we believed." So, evi- That is still the mission of Chris- dently, the saving grace of God de- tianity. It is still Eclectic; our pends on our faith, and quite as task is not to win a nation but to evidently it is possible for us to 2 257

get away from that faith to "an- a people for the Name, its aim is other gospel," which is not an- that "those who name the Name other; for to the Corinthians he should depart from all iniquity."

puts their belief in the past tense The holy God desires sainthood.

-"ye believed." The faith of Christ all along the Have we drifted from that faith ages has been both ethical and today? Each man must answer for philanthropic. Christ saves people himself. Dr. MacEwen put the an- from themselves as well as from swer for the church in memorable the world and the devil. And the words at the Edinburgh Mission- more saints there are in a com- ary Conference when he said, "If munity, the higher will be the level in any mind the thought arises that of all life. That the principles of our faith is not the same as the Christ should be applied to the faith of the early centuries, we whole life is no new discovery; that have before us an answer which no the nation should be approximately man can gainsay. Out of the heart Christian is the inevitable result of these centuries there emerged of the fact that a great many of its one statement of beliefs. Noone citizens are Christian in reality.

knows by whom it was drafted, or Always the aim has been, and the when it first appeared. We find it aim still is, to make saints, to bring in Africa, in Gaul, in Italy, on the men to see and to say Danube, and in Asia Minor with He wills that I shaH holy be; slight variations, but identical in Naught can withstand His will; its essence and almost in its form- The purpose of His grace in men, a statement so Scriptural and evan- He surely shall fulfill.

gelical that it is ascribed to the There remains but one other Apostles. In the Conference Re- question. Has the power of Chrisports you will discover an item, tianty changed? As in all the other simple but grand, reported by cases the answer is decidedly no, many missionaries-Episcopalian, Wesleyan, Baptist, Presbyterian- no, no, ten thousand noes! The that the statement of faith which Spirit remaineih among us, so we they find to have most value, and need not fear. The Gospel is still on which they lay most stress, is the power of God to salvation to the Apostles Creed. In the seven- . everyone that believeth. When we teen centuries that have passed are tempted to doubt it, let us re- since it was shaped, the Holy Spirit member Lord Kelvin's great sen- has taught the Church much. He tence, when in attempting to make will teach us more if we listen to an experiment in Glasgow Uni- His Voice, but the foundations of versity, he failed. Drawing himself the Kingdom stand, although the up with dignity before his students, things that were shaken have been he did not apologize, but knowing removed." There is the answer- the power of God he said, "Gentle- the message of Christianity is the men, always remember that when same. you are face to face with a diffi- What then of its aim? If the mis- culty, you are on the verge of a dis- sion of Christianity is to take out covery."

AND COOPERATION IN

A Call to Christians and a Manifesto from the Chinese Church T HE Church of Christ in China strengthened and that hitherto un- is facing a situation which is discovered pathways may be found challenging because of the whereby the separated Christian unusual difficulties as well as the communions can arrive at com- unparalleled opportunities p r e- plete spiritual and organic unity.

sented. As never before must we (f) That Christian youth of the lay hold on all available spiritual West with a positive Christian resources. Fortunately neither faith and with a passion for Chris- time nor space nor language are a tian service may in large number barrier to the spiritual cooperation find it the will of God for them of Christians of the West and the to come to China to cooperate with Church in China covets American the Chinese Church in the task of cooperation in adventurous, im- creating a Christian China.

portunate intercession: (g) That the Five Year Move- (a) That our Christian youth in ment may continue to grow inten- large numbers may recognize the sively and extensively in the might call and give heed to the challenge and strength of the spirit of God, of the ministry as the most profit- to the end that all the resources of able investment of their lives. our Chinese Church may be uti- (b) That our Christians may in lized to achieve the objectives of a larger measure discover and this Movement, namely, the deep- manifest the radiance of our re- ening of the spiritual life of our ligion, and make their Christian Christians and the doubling of our faith contagious. church membership.

(c) That our leadership may be We ask the fellowship of the responsive to divine guidance and Christians and Churches of the be given courage joyously to follow West in this ministry of interces- the will of God as they discern it sion.

concerning the perplexing prob- This Call was adopted by the lems they are facing, such as General Assembly of the Church Christian education in view of of Christ in China, which met in government restriction on worship Canton, last November.

and religious instruction, and other problems of a similar character A Manifesto which naturally follow where a The following manifesto to coop- mighty nation is in the process of erating older Churches of the West radical reconstruction. was also adopted by the General (d) For the Chinese Govern- Assembly of the Church of Christ ment, especially for those Chris- in China: tians who are serving the Govern- "The General Assembly has ment :-that vital religion may be given its proper place in the new given considerable time and earemerging state. nest thought to the question of the relationship between the Church (e) That the will to Christian of Christ in China and the coopu nit y may be fostered and erating missions, and wishes to 259

place on record the following state- Chinese Church consciousness has ment regarding the attitude of the developed to the point of desiring General Assembly to this vitally the responsibility for administerimportant subject. ing its own affairs, and for con- ducting and directing the various "We desire first to express again activities which aim at the evanour deep sense of gratitude to the gelization of the people of China. older Churches of the West for the help, both spiritual and material, The General Assembly rejoices which has been afforded by them that members of the Church, both to the work in China. Chinese and the foreign mission- aries associated with it, are of one "We are conscious that our mind in applying this principle in gratitude can best be shown by our the actual conduct of the affairs definite endeavor to develop as and work of the Church. We speedily as possible the spirit of fully recognize the fact that the stewardship and self-support in churches connected wit h the the Church in China. Weare glad Church of Christ in China are not to report that about twenty-five equally developed, and so it is difper cent of our organized churches are self-supporting. But we realize ficult to secure uniformity in the that this percentage should be in- application of this principle. A creased as rapidly as possible. considerable time must elapse be- fore our high ideal can be realized, "You in the West are informed and much wisdom and patience as to the present political disturb- will be required in the prosecution ances in China, and the resulting of this great task. We must, howeconomic depression. These rep- ever, emphasize the fact that this resent great obstacles to be over- church-centric ideal includes most come, if our desire for the increase definitely the idea of continued coin self-support is to be gained. operation between the Church in You also have heard of the diffi- China and the various missionary culties which the spread of com- organizations from the West. In munistic ideas, the organization of this sense it is not to be interthe anti-Christian movement and preted as an entirely independent the like, have created for our movement of the Church. Church. These are all matters in which we beseech your full sym- The General Assembly further pathy, as we know they have ex- wishes to make clear our position cited your concern. It is because with regard to our relations with of these difficulties and hindrances the missions associated with us. that the General Assembly wishes We definitely stand for cooperato make clear its position with re- tion between the Church and the gard to the relationship of the mISSlOns. The Church of Christ Church of Christ in China and the in China desires the Church and missions which are cooperating the Mission to work together as with it. we face the common problems that are confronting the Christian On the one hand we feel it neces- Movement in China. We wish to sary to reaffirm our conviction that state positively that the services it is a matter of the greatest im- of missionaries from the Older portance for the Church in China Churches of the West are both to adopt a definite church-centric greatly needed and ardently depolicy. By that we mean that the

THE RIVAL OF CHRISTIANITY IN CHINA

sired. We wish to go further by larly two qUalifications for missaying that the need for mission- sionaries in the days to come: (1) aries today is even greater than they should possess the spirit of before. In the past, missionary cooperation with their fellow workwork was primarily in behalf of ers in the Church, willing to share the non-Christian people in China. with them the tasks that they have Several hundred million of our peo- before them, and (2) they should ple are still unreached by the Gos- come with warm evangelistic ferpel of Christ. These millions must vor, no matter in what capacity still present as great an appeal they seek to serve Christ in connecas ever to the stronger Older tion with the Church in China, Churches of the West. They pre- whether evangelistic, educational, sent to our Young Church our medical, social or administrative. greatest opportunity and responsi- While they need to have all the bility for service. technical qualifications befitting the high calling of a missionary, The need for missionary help is we regard these two points as of now intensified by the fact that the special importance, without which Young Church, which is still in its their work cannot yield the largest early stages of development, is be- measure of result. ginning to undertake its rightful and proper responsibilities. Being We ask for your prayers and still in its childhood, our Church continued cooperation to the end can be greatly helped by the wis- that with the blessing of the Great dom, experience and religious back- Head of the Church, our efforts to ground of our missionary friends deepen the spiritual life of the from abroad. In considering the Christians and to win the fealty of present development of the work the unevangelized masses of our in China, we feel that all types of people to Christ as their Lord and missionaries are still necessary, Saviour, will be most fruitful. whether they be regular missionaries who come to China for life (Signed) service or special workers who come for a particular phase of the C. Y. CHENG, work in China for a limited time. Moderator.

We wish to emphasize particu- A. R. KEPLER, General Secretary.

THE RIVAL OF CHRISTIANITY IN CHINA* C OMMUNISM is Christian- youth as the friend of democracy ity's competitor in China. and the rallying ground for the en- The reasons for this are the thusiastic devotion of youth which radical, adventurous nature of the it held twenty years ago. The time Communist movement, its readiness to experiment, its clear aim has come for a revaluation of and definite program, and its pro- Christian work and for readiness fessed championship of "the poor to take a bold step forward. and the oppressed." Christianity takes direct issue Christianity appears to have lost the place of leadership among with Communism on three lines, as pointed out recently by a leader ~ 'l'he Ohinese Recorder. of the Chinese Church.

(1) Communism favors the use

of violence-we are followers of is outspoken in opposition to war the Prince of Peace. The time has and militarism, calls for open alcome for the Chinese Church to legiance to Christ and the living take a clearcut stand against war of Christ in all relationship of life, and the militaristic method. There it can win the devoted enthusiasm are indications that show a readi- of young people who will be as ness on the part of some of the ready to preach Christianity as foremost Christian leaders to do their fellows have been to preach this. Communism during recent years.

(2) Communism aims to pro- Communism has been especially duce the mass-mind and the mass- successful in the use of the printed soul, which often lead to the de- page. Christianity must be just struction of the individual. Chris- as aggressive in presenting its tianity insists on the persons as case. There is need for the pro- duction of new literature and the an end. translation of western books, set- (3) Communism produces a ting forth what Christianity is and the kind of men and society it atparty mind by prohibiting freedom tempts to create. But possibly the of speech. Christianity liberates. greatest failure on the part of the Church is the failure to get into The Christian forces should be circulation the material which it in a position to challenge directly does print. One is sometimes the philosophy of Communism on struck with the number of good these points. Would it not be well things printed which do not reach to invite prominent speakers from the general public. Cannot more abroad to meet the Communist attractive editions be put out? propaganda? But what is even How can Christian pUblications be more important is a program for offered for sale in the book stalls the farmers and working classes and public markets of our big that will command the respect of cities-places where the students thinking people. Through mass and young people are buying the education, agricultural experi- books they read? ments, proper recreation, community uplift and regeneration, At the Wofossu Regional Conthe Church must meet the needs of the "poor and oppressed." The ference in 1929, Dr. John R. Mott, in a brief address, said, "The idealism of youth will respond to a Church must learn to trust youth. call for help in such constructive Youth without responsibility is dangerous. If given heavy reendeavor. sponsibility you do not need to There is evidence of a growth fear young people."

out of a narrow nationalism into a Have we jobs that will consume larger brotherhood. A Christian the zeal of young people and are youth mo,vement will rally to the we ready to use them? It is high time that the Church in China surcause of Christian international- veyed and revaluated its work in the light of the need and opporism. tunity for enlisting youth in a Communism has made headway radical program of real Chris- tianity! ROWLAND M. CROSS. in China through propaganda. The Church can well take a leaf from the Communist notebook of method. If the Church is ready for experiment, has an adventurous program of social reconstruction,

ASSEMBLY OF THE EVANG~JLICAL CHURCH OF PUERTO

(.January 27-20, 11131.) A UNITED CHURCH IN PUERTO RICO BY THE REV. FREDERICK LESLIE BROWNLEE, NEW YORK . ElJ ec utiv6 8c(,"retur]J o/thc Amcdcun Mi8iJiu1WFY Assuciation FOR several years the Protes- so apparent, however, to the mis- tant Churches of Puerto Rico sionary boards and the churches have been discussing the values at home. Here tradition, pride, and possibilities of a single Prot- theology, creed and vested inter- estant Church for the island. The ests loom large. It seemed there- values are obvious. The island is fore that organic union in Puerto small and compact. The people are Rico was destined to spend itself homogeneous. The experiences of in talk and resolutions. Everyone the various denominations at work appeared to be for union but no on the island are almost too new to two denominations dared to unite.

have become traditions. Practically Some thought that no denomina- from the beginning the churches tions ought to unite until all de- have been united in common ob- nominations were ready to unite.

jectives, a common evangelical Some denominations on the island fellowship, a common theological were ready but the missionary seminary, a sin g I e evangelical boards back home could not agree.

press and in the support of a Preachers on the island were single missionary enterprise in fearful lest during the transition Santo Domingo. These facts to- period while the united church was gether with the nationalist move- winning its spurs they would lose ments abroad, the emphasis on their ecclesiastical standing and comity, federation and union at special annuity and insurance home, and the reasonableness of privileges.

the proposition encouraged some So the movement dragged along in the hope that the organic union until something over a year ago of all the churches of Puerto Rico when the United Brethren, Chris- might come easily and rapidly. tians and Congregationalists pro- The weakness and foolishness of posed to unite in the formation of denominationalism are not always the Iglesia Evangelica de Puerto 263

Rico. The Missionary Boards 1. Mohler. The treasurer of the sponsoring these denominations Council is the resident representaagreed and January 28, 1931, was tive of the Board of Foreign set for the "wedding" ceremony in Missions of the United Brethren the church at Fajardo. Two days Church, Rev. Philo Drury. All preceding were spent in discussing business with the church boards and adopting a constitution and and the disbursement of all funds by-laws. Two days following were provided by them will be handled spent in setting up the new ma- unitedly through these officers and chinery and starting things going. the Executive Council, who in turn On the night of the celebration are responsible to the Assembly. the Fajardo church was packed. The president of the Assembly and All the preachers and missionary other officers are Puerto Ricans. representatives of the three denom- Since the churches are located in inations were present. Greetings two distinct sections of the island were presented by representatives two regional committees were set of some of the denominations that up by the Council. These commitmay come into the union later. tees will meet monthly. A member Almost two dozen speeches were of one of these committees is the made. The'listeners who knew no former representative of the Chris- Spanish pronounced the proceed- tian Churches, the Rev. D. P. Baring an oratorical contest. But near rett ; the other members of the eleven o'clock the organist began committees are natives. In fact, to play the wedding march. Three only three Americans belong to representatives from each of the the entire Assembly. In the States denominations came to the altar there will be an Administrative and united their eighteen hands. A Committee composed of representgroup of small flower boys and atives from the missionary boards girls encircled them. The minister whose business it shall be to replaced his hand on the nine united view policies suggested by the Aspairs of hands and pronounced the sembly and Executive Council, to new united body "La Iglesia Evan- consider requests for financial aid gelica de Puerto Rico." (The Evan- and to make such recommendations gelical Church of Puerto Rico.) as they may decide upon to their The congregation joined hands and respective directors. sang "Blest be the tie that binds." While the statistics of the United The organization of the United Church are not quite so pretentious Church is not unlike the customary as those of the Baptist Church ecclesiastical bodies. There is a alone, nevertheless, they are highly general representative assembly significant. There are thirty-six which will meet annually, with its native church organizations with president and other usual officers. church buildings in sixteen dif- An executive council consisting of erent municipalities, with thirtysome fourteen persons elected by nine ordained pastors and thirtythe Assembly will conduct the com- three additional p aid workers. mon business of the churches ad Radiating as it were from these interim. The executive secretary thirty-six churches are seventyof this council is the resident rep- four rural parishes, most of which resentative of the American Mis- have small chapels. The total sionary Association, Rev. Charles membership is 3,518 of whom 405

1[131] A UNITED CHURCH IN PUERTO RICO

represent new members received transacted reveals good, practical in 1930, with 636 candidates for sense. Many difficulties doubtless membership awaiting the com- lie ahead and it will be a generapletion of their instruction. In tion at least before the churches the seventy-seven Sunday-schools will have become self-supporting there are 4,354 pupils. Young peo- -Puerto Ricans are poor, miserples societies report 857 members. ably poor-but hopes are high and 'IHE CHURCH AT FAJARDO, WHERE THE PRO'l'JJ;STAN'l' ASSEMBLY MET Church property is valued at courage is strong. The natives are $457,300. The annual budget is conscious of the responsibility $70,416, of which amount the na- which now rests upon their shoultive churches provide $13,416. ders. They are grateful for the opportunities before them. They The Executive Council of the crave the continued fellowship, United Church has had its first council and financial support of formal meeting. The themes dis- the churches in the States. cussed show vision. The business Count Zinzindorf said: "I have one passion and that is Christ. He only." James Calvert, missionary to the Fiji Islands declared: "Where Christ commands and directs, I cheerfully go. I only desire what He approves and to do what He requires for the remainder of my life." David Brainerd, the apostle to the American Indians, said: "When a soul loves God with a supreme love, God's interests and his are become one. It is no matter when or where or how Christ should send me, nor what trials He should exercise me with, if I may be prepared for His work and will." Henry Martyn, ere he died in Persia: "I am born for God only. Christ is nearer to me than father or mother or sister-a nearer relation, a more affectionate friend; and I rejoice to follow Him and to love Him. Blessed Jesus. Thou art all I want; a forerunner to me in all I ever shall go through as a Christian, a minister or a missionary." The immortal Livingstone, in a dark hour in darkest Africa, exclaimed: "Noth- ing earthly will make me give up my work in despair: I encourage myself in the Lord my God, and go forward." His African followers found his dead body upon its knees, in the gray dawn of that memorable fourth of May, 1873. The great missionary had died, as he had lived. in prayer. This touching entry was found in his journal, written on the next to the last birthday of his life, "My Jesus, my King, my Life, my All, I again dedicate my whole self to thee."

TRAGEDY OF THE INDIAN STUDENTS*

T HIS is the true story of a all three of them dipping with their young Indian girl born on the fingers into the one pan of stew. Mescalero Reservation in a Into her mind flashed the picture tepee. She spent her early years of the dining room at school, the playing with the other little chil- table set daintily, the food served dren under the pines. As soon as graciously, surrounded by the smilshe was old enough she went to the ing faces of friends. And then government school in the town of came days when she was torn be- Mescalero, where she studied until tween the strong family loyalty she reached the fifth grade. She which is the heritage of the Indian had always shown an unusual abil- and the feeling that she could not ity and desire to learn. A friend go back to the old way of living took an interest in her and sent and fall so far below the standards her to the Presbyterian mission that had been taught her for years. school through the grades. At that time she had developed into such At last she went to the mission a fine girl that they took care of and sobbing bitterly she asked: her until she finished high school, from which she graduated with "What shall I do? I ought not honors. Now she could sew, she to leave my father and mother, and had learned to play the piano, she I can't live like this? There is loved to read and had become nothing for me to do. My parents aware of the beauty and inspira- are old-fashioned, they don't want tion of good literatUre. She could any changes. Why, it is impossible appreciate the niceties of life. for me to even keep clean! I can't bear it!" But school days were over and she must go back to the Reserva- She finally decided to leave the tion. That first night at home was Reservation and find work someone of bitter unhappiness. "Home" where so that she might help her was a tepee with absolutely noth- parents by sending them money. ing inside except a pile of dirty She has a position in the home of rags and goat-skins flung in a cor- Christian people in Phoenix, Ariner to sleep on. As she pulled one zona, which gives her a chance to of these over her she thought of live in a clean, wholesome environthe clean white sheets of her bed ment and be self-supporting. at the dormitory and the clean blankets that had covered her. This is the tragedy of the transi- That first meal with her mother tion of the younger generation and father had been eaten squat- from the old life to the new. "Our ting in front of the fire outside the responsibility for these boys and tent, the old battered coffeepot girls does not end with giving them boiling over into the flames, and an education. Even more is it nec- essary that with that education • Told at the meeting of the Woman's Board they shall be assisted in making ~~ ~~ii~~: Missions of the Reformed Church an adjustment to life away from the Reservation and their own peo- pIe-to life as Christian American citizens."

266

PEOPLE AND THE ·CHURCH

BY THE REV. RALPH McAFEE, D.D., Detroit, Michigan E:rcoutit:e Secretary at tile Detroit CfJUJ1(:iZ oj ClIf,o>chc8 T HE relation of America's people now active in young people's youth to the churches is a organizations. Of sixteen secre- matter of vital concern not taries replying, six believed that only to the churches but to the fu- the calibre of those now active in ture of America herself. young people's work is as high as it was ten years ago; eight be- The National Association of lieved it is higher than ten years Executive Secretaries of State and ago; and two, who are fast ap- Local Councils and Federations of proaching the end of their active Churches has for some years been Kingdom service, believe the calistudying the relationship of young people to the church and has been bre is lower than ten years ago. endeavoring to influence young Some correspondents note the people's organizations toward a marked increase in the number of more effective contribution to the college bred men and women who work of the· Kingdom of God. At are now in training for service as the recent meeting of this Associa- religious education and social servtion held in Chicago, a special Com- ice directors. mittee on Young People's work presented a report on some of the It appears certain that our promore important phases of the work grams are strongly feminized, failof modern young people in the ing to attract many of the best of church. This report dealt with five our young men. The proportion major questions: of women to men is probably about 60 to 40, corresponding in the main 1. What is the caliber of those now to the general church proportion. active in young people's organizations in your city? A third question inquired as to the main points of strength and 2. Which sex is more active and the major difficulties in the local influential in your programs? church young people's program. The points of strength noted are: 3. What are the main points of strength and the major difficulties in 1. Recognition of the importance of the local church young people's pro- youth. gram? 2. Democracy in conceiving and de- 4. What are the major points of veloping programs. strength and the major weaknesses in the most successful denominational 3. Adequate and sympathetic leaderyoung people's programs? ship.

5. What are the outstanding suc- 4. Use of forum and discussion cesses and weaknesses of our inter- group ideas. denominational programs? 5. A completely unified local church In the preparation of their re- program. port, the special committee pur- The major weaknesses noted sued four lines of investigation in are: nineteen cities. 1. Adult and ministerial monopoly.

The first questions dealt with the 2. Lack vision beyond local church calibre and the sex of -the young walls.

267

3. Inadequate leadership and equip- machinery. It limits vision to ment. denominational boundaries. It ab- sorbs all the time of the young 4. Distractions of college, i. e., ab- people with denominational activ- sence of young people in college and ity, leaving no margin for the unsettlement of the religious faith of larger Kingdom interests. It ex- those who return. alts itself above Christian living.

5. Distractions of the mating pe- The final question deals with the riod. successes and weaknesses of our interdenominational pro g ram s. 6. Misunderstanding of young peo- Young People's Councils related ple by the pastor. for the most part to Councils of Religious Education, are declared As an illustration of this mis- to be the most successful organi- understanding we quote from a zations in the field, but the Y. P. letter from a corresponding secre- S. C. E. are running them a close tary of a young people's Union in second and in some cities easily America's third largest city- outdistancing them. Philadelphia: The standard achievements re- In most cases in the local church the ported are: young people's work is given slight or no attention by the pastor and mem- 1. Serie·s of addresses-as by Miss bers of the official board. The pastor, Slattery and Dr. Poling. in many cases, i·s too busy to devote much time to his young people. Mem- 2. Easter and Pentecost Sunrise bers of the official board in most case~ Services. don't have the ambition to lead the youth of the church or, with some very 3. Help in financial campaigns. few exceptions, are too busy. 4. Rallies.

A fourth question asked for an 5. Pageants. . analysis of the strength and the 6. Conferences. 7. Recreation-Athletic Leagues. weakness of the most successful 8. Training schooJ.s for leadership. denominational young people's pro- 9. Good Friday Three Hour Serv- ·grams. Replies indicate that the ices. strength of denominational pro- grams lies in denominational pride The weaknesses of the interde- and overpowering loyalty to it. nominational young peoples pro- This loyalty produces trained and grams and the difficulties they face able leadership, programs which are legion: fundamental among are clearly defined, coordinated, them however are: promoted and understood, through summer conferences and wisely de- 1. Absence of adequate leadership. vised devotional material. Among 2. The fact that there is as yet no others, Methodists and Presbyte- agreement on the place and function rians are mentioned as developing of interdenominational young people's strong programs. work. 3. The lack of correlation between The weaknesses of the denomi- young people's programs in the local national programs centered around church, in the denominational and in the fact of denominational loyalty. the interdenominational fields. It is too autocratic, self-centered, 4. Constantly changing personnel conservative, lacking in social vi- and leaders. sion, and has no particular objec- 5. Lack of pastoral sympathy and tives beyond strengthening its own cooperation.

FIFTY YEARS IN CEYLON

6. Lack of persons who visualize need to face the fact that they the importance of the interdellomina- ought to uverate a::; detillite part::; tional young people's program. of the all-inclusive program of the modern church. It was agreed The Executives of the Councils that since the major part of the of Churches throughout the coun- leadership of our young people's try are convinced that the young organizations now resides and people's organizations of America probably should continue to reside need a carefully ·coordinated program of yearly activities. It is ap- in our Directors of Religious Eduparent on all sides that the young cation, these specialists together people's organizations are fritter- with representatives of other siming away too large a share of their ilar organizatiuns mig h t well capacities and of their influence merge into a nation-wide combecause of this fundamental lack of coordination. It is likewise mittee on the field and function of clear that young people's societies young people's work, both denomi- national and interdenominational.

FIFTY YEARS IN CEYLON M Iss SUSAN R. HOWLAND MISS HOWLAND TWENTY-~'IVE YEARS entered missionary service in Ceylon, in 1873, under AGO the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. She ful a missionary service. Certainly was the daughter of veteran mis- few have been so well loved. By sionaries, the Rev. W. W. Howland request of her fellow workers she and Susan Reed Howland, inherit- remained on the field a few years ing the love of the Christian com- after her retirement, but recently munity and winning her own place she came to America to live with in their hearts. For some years she her brother, Rev. John Howland, a was an associate of Eliza Agnew in missionary in Mexico for nearly the old Oodooville Female Semi- half a century. nary, and followed her in charge of this oldest of girls' boarding schools in foreign mission fields. For more than thirty years she continued teaching the daughters and granddaughters of her early pupils, but about twenty years ago she gave the responsibilities of the school into other hands. She then turned to evangelistic work, and in every village found "daughters" and their homes wide open to her. Her ripened ministry in the homes and in the hospital at Inuvil, proved of untold value to the whole community. Few persons in any land or time have had so long or so fruit-

GIVE THE GOSPEL TO MOSLEMS?*

BY MOHAMMED ABDUL QAYYUM DASKAWIE, Rawalpindi, Panjab Projes,wr in Gordon College since 1928 I SLAM is a pre-Reformation dents at their desks. It puts non- Protestantism gone awry. It Christian agencies at our disposal was a movement in the ancient and in this age of the power of the Syrio-Arabian world which aimed press is probably the most powerat re-discovering and re-instating ful instrument of evangelism, if the truth of the unity and spiritual- rightly used and if adapted to the ity of God. It was in no sense either needs of those to whom it goes. The a new or an original movement but wonder is that we do not use it as it was needed for the land where it much as we should. A business man arose, as a corrective for Judiasm will spend thousands of dollars to and Christianity as they existed advertise candy or chewing gum there. It was a protest against the but we who have an urgent mes- Mariolatry and saint-worship in sage do not put it to its full use.

the Church of that day and against In India alone there are over 70,- the exclusiveness of the Jewish re- 000,000 Moslems whom it is our ligion. The founder of Islam was duty to reach with the Gospel of convinced of the divine origin of Life. There are very few well writthe two great faiths that had pre- ten books which could be put into ceded it but had now lost, for a the hands of those who do not read time, their original mission and the English language. Most of the spirituality. Had the Church of Christian books for Moslems were Christ in the sixth and seventh cen- written in the past century or early tury been loyal to the New Testa- in this century. Two or three that ment teaching of Christ and His have appeared during the last few disciples there never would have years are controversial and are inbeen any need for an ant8gonistic adequate for those who are not inand rival faith like Islam. terested in religious controversies. Moreover, the day that is dawning Be that as it may, we today are in the world of Islam is not of conconfronted with the task of carry- troversy but of sympathetic aping the life-giving Gospel of Jesus proach. The younger generation Christ to those who do not truly is not enthusiastic about learning know Him. How can we as Chris- the Koran and most of them do not tians better accomplish our labor of even read it. We need to give them, love for our Master? Many meth- therefore, not a pamphlet controods of evangelism have been tried verting the truth of a particular and found successful in bringing sura, but something that will meet the Gospel of Christ to Moslems; their changing conditions. one of them, the printed page, finds its way to places and persons un- There is no Christian book today thought of and maybe unheard of that we could give to our Moslem before. It finds readers among the college students. In Gordon College, women in the zenanas and the stu- where I have been working for • An address given at the annnal meetlng some years, we have some very of The American Christian Llteratl"e Society keen, active and alert minds, yet for Moslems, Jannary 24, 1931.

270 there is no attempt made to pro- know the dreadfulness of the dis- vide anything suitable for them. ease. The loathing of sin arises These students are the representa- through a moral conception of the tives of the educated classes among holiness of God. The Moslem the Moslems, and we must provide thinks that sin can be removed by the contact with Christian truth money and atoned for by fastings through suitable literature. and prayers. He takes a mercenary There is a still larger class of view of sin. He does not feel its those who are only half educated or ravages upon the human soul but who can read only the vernaculars. considers only the displeasure of These people are highly sensitive God at his disobedience. His idea and most of them have never been of outweighing sin by goodness in under Christian influence. A sym- its literal sense is familiar to all.

pathetic approach and a sound Yet there are spiritually minded argument-simple and yet keen- souls who do see that sin is more is what wins their approbation. I than a mere mistake. We need to know of nothing suitable that we show the Moslem that sin is not could put into their hands. only disobedience to a far-off God, Another large class is made up of but that it is corruption. Not a few the women who are locked up in the of my fellow-converts have testified zenanas. Many of them can read a to the growing consciousness of the little today, which was not true ten sinfulness of sin as they have tried years ago. The woman missionary to live the Christian life.

can give them Gospel portions but Another feature of our message the Gospel background needs to be for the Moslems is the message of understood and explained. These God's love in Christ-the heart of women need to see the glory of the Christian Bible. No one who Christ, His love, and His esteem has ever seen the love of God as re- for womanhood. They enjoy the vealed in Jesus Christ can forget fruits of His spirit and teachings that God or refuse to yield to Him.

without acknowledging Him. Orthodox Islam has no place for May I make bold to suggest a mysticism; it had to import it from few lines along which we could the Grecian and Hindu thought. The confession of George Matheson make an approach to the Moslem is not the confession of one man mind in presenting the message of only but of what men and women Christ? There are a number of have felt from the earliest dawn of things that the Moslem holds in Christianity: common with the Christians and we should be ready to make use of 0, Love, that will not let me go, them. I rest my weary soul in Thee; The first thing that the Christian I give Thee back the life lowe, message must do is to emphasize That in Thine ocean's depth its flow May richer, fuller be.

the ethical side of the Christian The love of God is the message message. The Moslem believes in which brings the proud and the the presence of sin in the world but haughty to their knees before his view of sin is very superficial. Christ who is King because He is Many people do not see the need of Love incarnate.

a Saviour because they do not see We often forget that Christ was the heinousness of sin. They seek a great hero and that the human no remedy because they do not heart is at core a hero-worshipper.

We fail to adequately impress upon having slain the enmity thereby." the Moslems the moral perfection -(Eph. 2: 14-16.) and the sheer manliness of the hu- 'man Jesus. We should do greater When the mother of Jesus came justice to this side of our Lord's to see Him, and they told Him that life. We forget that it takes more His mother and brothers were courage to be kind than to cross the standing outside calling Him, our Atlantic Ocean in an aeroplane; es- Lord asserted the superiority of pecially when it means being kind the spiritual brotherhood over the to the type of people whom every- kinship of the flesh. The Christian body despises. It is all very well to brotherhood must be so presented be kind to one another if that and we must in the name of Christ means being kind to our own so- either remove or at least minimize ciety and those on a par with us, the denominations and counter-debut when it comes to being kind to nominations that exist among us. the publican and the sinners, then We must not let our Christian souls . . .? It takes more courage to be be cramped and dwarfed by these faithful to one's ideals in face of distinctions. We must become one death than it takes to conquer the body of Christ if we are to evanworld. It is far nobler to pray for gelize the world and to bring all one's enemies than it is to hit back men into the flock of the Great and demand a tooth for a tooth. Shepherd. Our brotherhood must Jesus Christ was a great hero and be demonstrated as it is, a higher He was a perfect Man. When men and a more spiritual kinship than and women are brought face to that of any other religion or cult. face with Him they find themselves acknowledging His more than hu- Another feature of our message man origin. must be the preservation of a rev- e1'ential attitude toward things The Moslem belongs to a great spiritual. We are prone to forget brotherhood but the Christian the reverence that the Moslem has brotherhood is more spiritual and for God. In the growth of knowl- edge and Christian freedom we should be greater. This brother- must not forget the reverence that hood is founded on a surer and holier basis than any other broth- is due to God. Perfect love casteth erhood in the wOil"ld, because it is out fear until love takes the place founded on the blood of our Lord of fear something should be re- Himself. The Christians of vari- tained to help life flow in right ous races and countries were united when Christ died on the Cross. In channels. Other features might be the letter to the Ephesians we are mentioned but this is by no means told that "He is our peace, who intended to be an exhaustive treatmade both one, and brake down the ment of the subject. These sugmiddle wall of partition, having gestions have been made to point abolished in His flesh the enmity, out the great need for suitable even the law of commandments Christian literature for Moslems contained in ordinances; that he and the enormity and difficulty of might create in himself of the two the task that God has given to us. one new man, so making peace; and The signs of encouragement are might reconcile them both in one numerous. A harvest is ready to body unto God through the cross, be reaped if only we have the cour- age and skill under God to reap it.

by F. C

AN EVANGELISTIC SFJRVICEJ TN A HAMLEJ'r IN NORTH INDIA A GLIMPSE OF HAMLET LIFE IN INDIA BY JAMES M. BAKER, Ongale, Guntur, India Amcrica,n Baptist TelufJu Mi88i01l-J 1895- n .; BOUT eighty-five per cent of outcaste the hamlet the more com- the people of India live in plex its life. The missionary or small villages, the life of Indian leader who seeks to eSwhich is decidedly rural. Even in tablish Christian church life in these small villages people do not such a hamlet has to 'understand live unitedly. Caste distinctions and partially, at least, to overcome and family quarrels have divided this complexity. If he seeks to them into small residential sec- establish a church for a number of tions, many of which are quite hamlets his problem is still greater. isolated. These sections are called hamlets. Some castes and un- Some of these complexities are friendly families would not be al- directly or indirectly connected lowed to live promiscuously in with poverty; some are due to the hamlets, even if they chose to do teachings of the Hindu religion; so. some result from certain customs which have grown up, some arise All hamlet life in India, although from superstitions, and some are it. does not at first seem so, is very theeffed of perverse notionsrecomplex. The poorer and more garding' sanitation. Among the 3 273

passive causes are-failure to Poverty and hunger leads natur- ally honest people to steal. In know or to observe the ten com- famine times, the troubles of hammandments, the two comman!!. let life blaze up glaringly. Onements given by Christ, and the third of India is always hungry, golden rule. but doubly so in famine.

It is wonderful what a little in· The Hindu religion does not struction along all these lines can help improve the daily life of the do toward ironing out the wrinkles hamlet. It has a positive tendency in hamlet life. The average house to make it worse. Its fatalistic and ground is about 20 by 20 feet. teaching lulls men to sleep until a No wall separates these lots, most pending calamity actually falls of the houses are without doors, upon them. This fills the mind full there being only a passageway two of fear over what imagined demons feet wide, through which to enter. are going to do. It permits steal- All the hamlet houses are placed ing in case of necessity. It makes in family groups with certain rela- trying to learn appear to the lower tions one to another. This con- caste hamlets to be sinful. This gestion, together with fixed notions is important because only one of relative location, causes endless quarter of the population are of friction and the doorless houses the higher castes. Hinduism asadd to the mixup. sumes no responsibility whatever for the secular or religious instruc- This condition makes necessary tion of the lower castes. It punalmost unlimited trust in neighbors ishes no wrong except the breaking in a country where there is little of caste rules. It approves of the absolute trust in anyone. marriage of children and even al- lows baby girls to be married to The marriage of close relatives old men. is intended to minimise complications, but it seems to act the other There is much in Hinduism that way and very often creates family is fine and beautiful, but it is about feuds. The close proximity of as useful to the masses as a big houses makes the family dog, buf- dish of rice and curry mixed with falo, and chickens, a problem to a little arsenic. solve in relation to the other family's dog, buffalo, and chickens. The idea of fate is so deeply in- The houses too, are constructed culcated by Hinduism that no secwith mud walls and with thatched ular or religious teaching can filter roofs. They are, at best, only down from the top layer of society. temporary shelters and require If the "Seventy-five percent" are constant attention to keep them to learn anything, some other refrom collapsing. They are almost ligion must undertake to teach valueless as a security. them.

This lack of valuable property The civilization of the land is so brings in its train a long line of old that many strange and inconcomplications. For instance, a sistent customs have taken deep man may desert his wife and chil- root and added much to the intridren. The law can do little with cate network of hamlet life. For him for he has nothing that the instance, even the outcaste, if he law can take. If all such were put touches the dead body of his father in jail, the prhlOns would soon be or mother, must spenil days going full.

J931] A GLIMPSE OF HAMLET LIFE IN INDIA

through various ceremonies of ning. It has stopped short. On purification. But without any pol- close examination he finds that lution in the eyes of his own people a community superstition has he may take off the hide of an ani- jumped into the cog wheel. mal which has died and cut up for distribution its meat and eat of it Just how much the lack of sanihimself. tation has added to the melting pot of hamlet sufferings has never been A middle caste hamlet may build figured out. The Government has a shrine to anyone of the gods- done more than missions, but even for example "Ramaswamy." The the fringe of the need has not yet neighboring lower caste builds a been met. shrine in their hamlet to the same god. If anyone from the lower There are nO latrines or sewer caste hamlet should enter that of systems in the viIlages. Men and the higher caste he must keep a women bathe at night in the street proper distance from the shrine, under the cover of darkness. The but if a higher caste man visits the adults go to relieve nature into the lower caste hamlet he may sit on fields or lanes; the little children the shrine and pollute it without sit down anywhere and the scavany objection· either from himself enger service is rendered by dogs, or from the hamlet people. hogs, chickens and crows. Dung heaps and cesspools are unregu- When the missionary attempts lated. Wells and tanks are guarded to plant the simple principles of from the next lower caste but not from pollution by filthy members Jesus in such a soil, he loses all of the same caste. influence and becomes a laughing stock if he rides over rough shod When an epidemic touches one their customs. family in the crowded hamlet, im- mediate steps are taken to propiti- Among all the castes, supersti- ate some demon, but isolation is tion has taken a firmer hold of the seldom if ever attempted. Before Indian imagination than Hinduism civilization can be established in itself. The new missionary won- India, the principles of Christ and the laws of physical, mental and ders what is wrong. The machin- social health must be observed. ery he has set up on western models simply will not go on run- WORLD'S SUNDAY SCHOOL STATISTICS Tabulation is made of the Sunday-school membership throughout the world every four years by the World Sunday School Association. Since current figures for the United States and Canada were submitted at the convention of the International Council of Religious Education, held in Toronto last June, it is possible to give the following corrected tabulation for the world: Grand Divisions No. of No. of O!fice·rs No. of Total S. S. and Teachers Scholars Enrolment North America ………….. . Central America ………… . 159,817 2,179,312 21,851,027 24,030,339 South America ………….. . 381 1,832 19,098 20,930 West Indies …………….. . Europe ………………… . 2,976 11,695 159,160 170,855 Asia ………………….. ,. 1,930 17,364 171,330 188,694 Africa …………………. . 90,621 854,905 8,462,845 9,317.750 Malaysia ……………….. . 1,567,382 Oceania ………………… . 37,427 96,564 1,470,818 789,658 13,148 63,477 726,181 108,624 100,463 880,430 1,422 8,161 790,710 12,898 89,720 320,620 S,323,030 S3,751,632 37,074,66.?

CRISIS IN PALESTINE'"

BY THE LATE REV. S. B. ROHOLD, F.R.G.S., HAIFA, PALESTINE jLL eyes have been turned to of the efforts of the Government £l.. the Holy Land during the to battle against this pest.

past year. For Jew and Gen- (d) The Mice Plague. However tile 1930 has proved a time of trial great the damage done by the lo- and stress. Weare in the midst custs, the mice accomplished the of the people who have made the rest, and this plague is still con- personal sacrifices, and have been tinuing.

literally bearing the burden, and (e) The £100,000 to compensate been broiling under the burning those who suffered from the riots sun of Megiddo, J ezreel and Lower has proved a great failure, for the Galilee. In these parts the actual Arabs claimed compensation and redemption of the land has taken got it, and the result was no one place, and it is here that the ma- received adequate compensation.

jority of the Zionist Colonies have (f) The adverse report of the been established, and where over Shaw Commission.

forty thousand Zionist Halutzim (g) The so-called temporary are still continuing the struggle stoppage of immigration.

against the climatic conditions. (h) The Wailing Wall Commis- In coming in contact with these sion.

people, whom we can truly call the All these were enough to break "rebuilders" of Zion, and who are the spirit of the strongest and quite different from those who staunchest people, but the Jew still have shown their interest merely went on, hopeful and undaunted.

by sending money to Palestine, we Then came the White Paper, stop- have learned much, and are in a ping the immigration for ten position to give a true estimate of years, and prohibiting the sale of the result of the tragedy. land for ten years. This is prac- The year 1929-30 has been a tically the "last straw to break the record year of severe blows meted camel's back."

out to the Jewish people in the I have met with some of the Land of the Redeemer, and I am leaders and many of the Zionist afraid that they are taking this Halutzim the last few days. Every- last blow as almost a final one. where we hear the words: "We There prevails a tragic hopeless- have been betrayed." Now they ness, which I have never witnessed say the last blow is to come, and before among these people. that will be an adverse report (a) There were the atrocities of from the Wailing Wall Commis- 1929. sion.

(b) The Shaw Commission-in One dare not comment on all itself, and in the way it was con- this, but at the same time we can ducted, was disappointing ?ond dis- see and read the signs of the times.

'heartening. At least here in Haifa it is (c) The Locust Scourge which broken. A quarrel which took devastated crops and tree!>, in spite place here between the Christians "From The E1'angelical Ohristian. and the Moslems with regards to a 276 small old cemetery was so serious The French Consulate is in disthat one Christian, Mr. Barhari, favor because it has been maneuan editor of a newspaper, was vering and creating favorable killed, and some were wounded. If propaganda for France, and for it were not for the prompt and the Mandate to go to France. strong measures taken by the France is jealous of the profitable British military authorities not balance in the Palestine Finance, many Christians would have been as against the deficits in their own left, especially of those who took Mandatory State of S),ria. Italy part in the quarrel. The result says that she will be more profit- WITH THE MISSIONARIES TO THE JEWS AT HAIFA (Dec. 1929) From left to right-~lr8. Christie, Dr. Chrjstie, Mrs. D. L. Pierson, Mrs. Rohold and the late S. B. Rohold was that there is hatred prevailing able to the Jews than anyone else all over Haifa and the district. to carry out the Mandate, as she has not the large Moslem popula- When Dr. Drummond Sheils- tions to whom she has to cater, as Secretary to the Colonies-was in Great Britain and France must do. Palestine, the Christians of Haifa sent him a petition that they did A high British official admitted not want to be any more united that the Government had always with the Moslems. The political had warning from the Indian papers have been trying to patch it Government, not to offend the up, but it is not so easy. The Ro- Moslems. man Catholic Metropolitan, Archbishop Hajjar, who has always While I do not minimize the been a leader in anti-Jewish things, blow the Jewish people have rehas now turned otherwise. ceived, yet I believe it may prove to be a blessing.

(a) The Jewish people will now but there is a definite "Christ have to give up relying on the movement." strength and promises of man, and will turn to God and His promises. On October 20th, when the blow of the White Paper fell on the (b) They will give themselves to Jews, we learned that in the fill up all the gaps, and make every schools here they had started to effort to cultivate all the land they teach the children "The Life of have, and settle it properly, mak- Jesus." On that very day, in our ing secure.their possessions. Haifa Bible Depot, we sold over fifty Hebrew New Testaments to When the Spirit of God moves, Jewish boys. When we asked why then there are sure to be results. they wanted Greek New Testa- The past few years the attitude of ments, those young boys have said: the nominal Christians here was "We must study it in the original." anything but good. They were the Here is a definite movement, for which we return thanks to God, leaders in all the anti-Jewish agi- and for which we ask God's people tations. Yet the attitude of the to unite in earnest prayer. Jewish people towards the Lord Jesus has not only vastly improved, CHRIST OR ANTI-CHRIST-WHICH?

T HE teachings and power of Christ offer the most fundamental obstacle to communism," says Stanley High, Editor of the Chris- tian Herald. "Do we want the rising side of self-consciousness among the non-white people directed by Christianity or by Russia? There was a time when it was so dangerous to become a Christian that to become one meant to become a missionary, The zeal that characterized Christianity of old is found today in communism, whose ranks are examined· and purged yearly of the unworthy. On my recent trip around the world I started out with the idea that perhaps a synthesis of the world's great faiths was needed. But when I saw what is happening in the Far East, I came to believe that there is no other name under heaven by which men are changed and saved except by the name of Jesus Christ. It is the only way in which the world can walk in the way of peace. General Smuts, speaking of the rising tide of race-consciousness in Africa said: 'For this awakening, Christianity and the missionaries are responsible.' Christianity provides an awakening principle, it provides also a conserving force, enabling people to live as God's children should. That is what Christianity is doing around the world."

We face the alternative of the rule of Christ or the rule of Anti- Christ in the world today.

INTEREST IN

BY THE REV. GORDON CHAPMAN, SUMIYOSHI KU, OSAKA, JAPAN MifS8ioow.ry oJ the l'rcsuJjtcrirm Church, U. S. A., 1921– WH I L E Japan is passing jected to considerable trouble be- through a serious economic cause they n;fused to submit to a crisis with unemployment local custom w hi c h compelled and other evils on the increase, the school children to worship at a cercountry is particularly open to the tain Shinto shrine.

Gospel, so that it is difficult to take The Christian Council of Japan advantage of all the open doors. has petitioned "the Commission to A united effort on the part of the investigate the System of Shrine Christian Churches is being made Worship" to settle definitely the to take advantage of the present status of Shrine-Shinto as to opportunity and thus afford a whether it is a religion or not; widespread preaching of the Gos- that if it is finally decided that it pel to the masses. "The Kingdom is outside the religious sphere that of God Movement," dominated by all religious practices at shrines Toyohiko Kagawa, has suffered cease; on the other hand if it is somewhat from an over depend- placed within the religious realm, ence upon human organization, but that its religious functions shall those concerned in the leadership not be made compulsory; that in are now awake to this danger and the effort to uplift the moral life there has been a much fuller em- of the children care be taken to phasis upon divine resources. protect their right of religious One of the issues which has be- freedom and that such problems as come increasingly acute of late is those created by compulsory worthat of Christianity and Shrine- ship on the part of school children Shinto. For many years the Gov- at shrines and before god-shelves ernment has divided Shinto into be avoided; that the provision two sections, Sect-Shinto, which is made in the Imperial Constituregarded as a religion, and Shrine- tion for the freedom of religious Shinto, which is regarded as a cult belief be made the keynote in the for the development of patriotism. solution of the problem. When It is unreasonable to assert that one considers this situation in con- Shrine-Shinto is non-religious when nection with the fact that a perthe Shrines are engaged in reli- sistant effort has been made for gious functions. The fact that the some years to enact a "Religions Government has promoted worship Law" which would put the Chris- at the shrines of Shrine-Shinto, tian Church under Government and even made it compulsory, has control, it is rather ominous to say in certain situations seriously in- the least. Pray for the Christian terfered with the freedom of re- Church in Japan in this crisis.

ligious belief granted by the Con- In the year of the anniversary stitution o,f the Empire, and has of Pentecost there was manifest even resulted in persecution. Re- everywhere a deep desire that the cently the Christians of a church power of the Holy Spirit may be in a country town have been sub- realized in real fulness. God has 279

put the burden for revival upon meeting which lasted for four days His children and this is being ex- and yet there was never a slack pressed in fervent prayer. During moment. All was wondrous liberty. the last half year we have seen evidences of at least a touch of re- The reality of an experience vival, both among missionaries and such as this has been witnessed to in the Japanese churches. Last over and over again by the fact spring about forty missionaries, that those experiencing it have representing at least half a dozen been more greatly used as channels denominations, were gathered in of blessing to others. One of the a retreat. All felt the need for a missionaries immediately after the fresh touch from God, that the retreat felt led to go to a Japanese Lord Jesus might be manifested Christian worker who had been esmore fully through us. The Lord tranged from his mission for a took the program in His own hands period of years, and after humand we were given a fresh vision bling himself seek reconciliation. of Himself and as He is repre- This being accomplished, the Japsented in His Body, which consists anese pastor was invited to speak of those of all denominations and at the annual conference of the sects. We realized anew our own Mission. weakness, and the criticism and lovelessness which too often filled At a Conference for the Deepenour lives. He enabled us to get right ing of the Spiritual Life at one of in regard to these things. He gave the mountain resorts four days us a wonderful revelation of the were set aside for prayer and the unity of the Body of Christ and the seeking of whatever God had for overwhelming need of a heart filled us. During the two weeks precedwith perfect love. We were led to ing the conference there were daily give ourselves to whole-hearted in- prayer meetings, both in the morntercession for the Body oil' Christ ing and the afternoon. During the and it was wonderful to hear the conference itself prayer meetings prayers for all kinds of denomina- were held each morning at 6: 30 o'clock and were attended by a tions, societies, countries and re- large proportion of the community. ligious leaders. Very often the one Then there was a daily Bible Readwho prayed had been critical to- ing at 10: 30 a. m. and an evening ward denominations or individuals session at 7: 30 o'clock. A large for whom he prayed and it took number of denominations were but the acknowledgment of this represented, including Anglican, to turn the prayer into victory. It Episcopalian, Christian Missionary came over us again and again that Alliance, Methodist, Presbyterian, the greatest hindrance to revival Lutheran, Baptist in their various branches. A large number testiis the friction and strife between fied to having received special the various members and branches blessing. A significant feature of of the Body; that it is only as we such testimonies was that most get right here that the Life could often the hindrance to blessing had flow to the members. The great been in wrong attitudes, such as lesson which we learned was that criticism and lack of love toward the Fire of the Spirit is Love. other m€mbers of the Body of There was no human leader in the Christ.

Not More Progress? opposition of priests, mullahs

"What is the greatest hindrance to "holy men," whose living and leadereffective missionary work 7" was a ship are dependent on their followers' question asked of many missionaries rejection of Christian teaching. It in our journey around the world. was so in the first century.

The answer,s were many and varied- 5. The failure of so-called Chris- some were superficial and inadequate; tians to live up to Christ's teaching is others showed experience and insight. a still greater obstacle. This includes We summarize a few: the evil influences emanating from 1. The lack of adequate financial nominal Christian countries of Europe sttpport was stressed in many places. and America. Degenerating movies, It was evident in such places as Ked- false and degrading literature, foreign gaon where the work that Pandita residents, and materialistic, agnostic Ramabai founded is being faithfully or atheistic teachings of some teach- and cheerfully carried on under diffi- ers from the Occident spread ideas culties-with a chapel never yet com- that often lead educated Hindus, Mos- pleted, sore need for a dispensary and lems, Chinese and Japanese not only a bookroom and with other depriva- to give up their traditional faith but tions in equipment and support. to reject all religion.

2. The lack of sufficient workers is 6. False ideas of God that come seriously felt as a real handicap and from false interpretations and views has been since the first missionaries of Christ and the Bible offer another were sent out. How few the workers hindrance that can scarcely be over- there are for such a great task! Iso- estimated. Wrong conceptions of the lated stations, like Hillah in Mesopo- deity of Christ lead Moslems to tamia and Muscat in Arabia, usually stumble. We heard Buddhist- and feel it most. Even the few evangel- Hindu priests misquoting and misin- istic workers are too often overcrowded terpreting the Scriptures, holding with educational, administrative or fi- Christianity up to ridicule and saying, nancial responsibilitie,s. One man or "This is the Christian idea of God and woman is thus called upon to do the of life." The ,same mistaken argu- work of three or four. As a result ment is popular in America among health and efficiency-and at times atheists.

spiritual life-suffer. 7. Similarly, the mistaken idea that 3. Inherited religious faiths and Christians, to be fair minded and to customs, imbedded in men's minds and gain a hearing, must praise all that is controling their lives, offer an almost good in non-Christian religions has insurmountable barrier to an accept- proved a reactionary influence. There ance of the Gospel of Christ. This is are truths and beauties in other re- seen particularly in Islam, Hinduism, ligions but they are not vital nor are Buddhism and other ethnic religions. they excluded from Christianity. Hin- Ignorance, superstition and prejudice dus and other non-Christians, hearing make the ground hard and unfruitful. their religions praised, are sometimes Family tradition and pride forbid a surprised to find in them excellences change of faith. that they had not suspected and are 4. Closely linked to this difficulty is wont to say: "Since our religion is the fanatical, and often wholly selfish, so good and true, why change." Thi,s 281

was one great mistake of the Chicago liefs and practices prevail? The fact Parliament of Religions and it has that in spite of these opposing forces been repeated in many volumes writ- men and women are being won to ten by Christian writers since that Christ and that lives are being transday. formed at the rate of 200,000 a year in these mission lands is a sure evi- 8. The growing unbelief and ration- dence of the power of God working in alism in the Church at home has also and through the missionaries. God is a widespread and detrimental influence honoring His Word where it is faithin the non-Christian lands. There, fully practiced; where Christ is truly educated leaders declare that Chris- lifted up He is drawing men to Himtians are themselves giving up their self. faith in Christ and the Bible-so why accept what others are rejecting. But the need of men for the life Non-Christian rationalism is also re- that Christ offers and the difficulties flected, if not always propagated, by that face His messengers form an insome of the young men and young centive and a call to the Church at women sent out to teach in mis.sion home to constant prayer in behalf of schools and colleges. A Christian these faithful workers at the front. In faith that is not vital, strong and face of these difficulties should we send positive is powerless-it is even anti- out any but the best? Only those di- Christian. vinely called, fully consecrated and spiritually equipped are ambassadors 9. One of tne most difficult influ- worthy to represent the Son of God in ences to combat abroad is that of these most difficult fields today. Asiatic students returning from America and Europe with reports that The Rattle Against Christ Christianity has failed to produce observance of law,' chastity, brotherly The whole contest against Christ love and other virtues in the lands and His way of life is not only being from which the missionaries come. carried on in foreign, non-Christian The contacts and {)bservations of these lands, and in Russia. Today in Amerstudents have often been unfortunate ica there are too many college and and have given them warped views. university profes-sors, and many They may have expected too much. papers and magazines that are spread- ing atheism and unbelief. Univer- 10. But the most devoted and Christ- sities that would not countenance false like missionaries of whom this ques- teachings and harmful speculations on tion was asked, did not hesitate to science, do not hesitate to give free say: "The greatest obstacle to the reign to professors who scout the idea progress of Christianity in our field of a God who has revealed Himself to is our own lack of spiritual power. man and of a code of morals that har- Many confessed to a failure to live monizes with the character and laws up to their own ideals, to a neglect of of a wise and holy God. Some editors prayer and Bible study, and to absorp- of periodicals and managers of pubtion in secondary pursuits. They lishing houses seem to think that their longed for more evidence of Christ in whole responsibility ts to produce their own lives and for complete c{)n- articles and stories and books that will trol by the Spirit of God. sell, regardless of their truth, whole- some or degenerating influence. One In Spite of Hindrances well known, and formerly highly hon- ored magazine, recently advertised an In face of these and other diffi- article by an atheist to prove that culties, including the natural hardness Christ and His atonement for sin is of the human heart and the human an incredible myth and that the Christendency to follow the down hill road tian God is non-existent. Another in the way of foolishness and sin, is it to be wondered at that progress is slow in lands where anti-Christian be-

TOPICS 01<' 'l'HE TIMES

magazine of equal reputation pub- the necessary absence of Dr. Arthur lished an article on "The Disappear- J. Brown, who acted as secretary of ance of God." Still other popular the Board and editor of THE REVIEW periodicals have printed papers on most acceptably for the year 1930.

such subjects as "Stoicism, a Substi- Sympathy was extended to Professor tute for God:' the "Failure of Chris- H. P. Beach and Fleming H. Revell, tian Missions," and similar topics members of the Board since its organ- aiming to de·stroy faith in Christ and ization, and detained on account of ill- His teachings as set forth in the Bible. ness. During the year one of the most Not content with thi·s, publishers generous and devoted friends of THE even print stories and essays against REVIEW, Mrs. John S. Kennedy, has a high standard of ethics and morals. entered into the Life Beyond; as have Many evils follow because leaders of also two other warm friends and suppublic opinion, who provide reading ports, Mrs. W. H. Woolverton and for our young people and for all Miss Emily H. Wheeler. classes, undertake to undermine the On account of the economic situabasis of morality and belief in God. tion we cannot report a large increase In non-Christian lands we deplore the in the number of subscribers, but ignorance and low or perverted stand- we give thanks that the financial deficit ards of life. Are we not too com- was made up through gifts received placent in o.ur attitude toward false from fourteen mission boards, and and harmful teaching in the schools from twenty-four individual givers. and colleges to which we send our Fifteen Boards and societies also children, toward the theatricals and helped materially by sending subscripmovies which we permit them to see tions to their missionaries. The one and toward the books and periodicals hundred and eighty authors of articles, which they are reading? How can we the Board of Directors, members of expect to raise up a new generation the Editorial Council, THE REVIEW of Christians who will purify and staff, the Foreign Missions Conferstrengthen church and state and busi- ence, the Federation of Women's ness, and who will be living witnesses Boards, the Home Missions Council, to Christ and His Gospel, if we are and the Council of Women for Home not determined to fight against what Missions have cooperated to make the is false and evil and fail to surround work effective. The Foreign Mi·ssion them with influences that will develop Conference appointed the following as Christ-like faith, character and life? members of the Editorial Council for the present year: Dr. William Ban- The World and the Review crdt Hill, Mrs. F. I. Johnson, Rev. Henry Smith Leiper, Mr. William B. The annual meeting of the Mis·sion- Lipphard, Dr. William P. Schell, and ary Review Publishing Company, was Dr. Mills J. Taylor. held in the Assembly Room, 156 Fifth Avenue, on Friday, February 27th, at The Home Missions Council ap- 3: 30 p. m. Dr. Robert E. Speer, pointed the following: Dr. William presiding. The meeting was opened R. King, Dr. John McDowell, Dr. with prayer by Dr. C. Luther Fry. Charles H. Sears, and the Rev. Jay S. Stowell. There were about one hundred and The company also publishes the fifty friends present including stock- Moslem World, but without assuming holders representing 69 votes and 191 financial responsibility for it. This proxies, making a quorum for the quarterly reports 20% increase in Bub- transaction of business. scribers. THE REVIEW received 1,492 The Minutes of the Annual Meeting new subscribers during the year; an for 1930 were approved as mailed to average of over four a day; about 70% stockholders. of our subscribers renew each year.

The secretary expressed regret at These are unfortunately not enough

to offset the losses which were, almost The Nominating Committee re- without exception, due to financial ported nominations for directors for difficulties. the coming year and the following were unanimously elected: Professor The editor of THE REVIEW had the Harlan P. Beach, Dr.. Samuel McCrea privilege of a world tour of missions Cavert, Dr. William 1. Chamberlain, last year and this year the Editor of Mrs. Orrin R. Judd, Dr. P. H. Lerrigo, the Best Methods Department, Mrs. Mr. Walter McDougall, Dr. Eric M. F. I. Johnson, is on a similar tour. North, Mr. Fleming H. Revell, Dr. Both of these journeys were independ- Robert E. Speer, and Mr. Delavan L. ently financed. Pierson and Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer. It was with ,sincere regret that the THE REVIEW is steadfast to the pur- declination of Dr. William Bancroft pose for which it was inaugurated- Hill was received. namely to present the world-wide need for the Gospel and the world- Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, editor of wide work of the Church of Christ The Moslem World, spoke of the inin all lands as carried on by all evan- debtedness of the quarterly to the gelical workers. We maintain ab- company for publishing the magazine solute loyalty to Christ and the New for the past fourteen years; and he Testament standards of faith and then gave an address on some of the practice. This is the only missionary present facts relating to Christian interdenominational review published work in Moslem lands. in America representing evangelical work in all lands. We believe that Dr. Speer, the president, delivered there is as real a need and as large his annual address calling attention to a place for THE REVIEW as ever. In- the need for clear, unequivocal and cluding all expenses it costs on the courageous ·stand for the New Testaaverage about four dollars a subscrip- ment Christian ideals and message to tion to publish the magazine and sub- be proclaimed in all lands, even though scribers pay less than half the ex- this may mean persecution, suffering pense. Consequently it is necessary and death to the messenger. to make up the difference by gifts from those who believe in this educa- The editor also made a brief adtional and missionary work. The dress, giving stereopticon views of hi.s Board of Directors hope that large recent world tour. The meeting closed hearted friends will count it a privi- with prayer by the president. lege to make up this financial deficit and to enable us to increase the use- ~ourage. btotber! bo not fulness of the REVIEW. Suggestions are invited from friends of THE RE- ~tumble VIEW as to improvements in the magazine and ways of enlarging its circle mbougb tbp patb be bark of readers. a~ nigbt The treasurer, Mr. Walter Mc- mbere's a ~tar to guibe tbt Dougall, presented the annual report bumblt which showed total receipts of $27,- 300.02 and expenditures amounting to "~ru~t in ~ob. anb bo tbt $27,335.84, leaving a small deficit. rigbt." The net current assets on December 31st amounted to $30,565.47 and fixed m:bouglJ tbt roab be long anb assets, $2,142.49. brtarp The audit committee, Dr. Eric M. ~nb it~ tnbing out of ~igbt North, chairman, reported that the ..11oot it brabtlp-~trong or books of the company have been audited for the years 1929 and 1930, wearp and were found correct. On motion, Hmru~t in ~ob. anti bo tbe these reports were accepted for filing. rigbt."

BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW

AROUND THE WORLD WITH God will send her a good husband, for CUPID the great event of her life is her mar- (A demonstration for college groups) riage. By MRS. H. M. LE SOURD When the husband at last appears, there is feasting and music for a This little demonstration was de- week. He comes in the garb of an signed to set forth some marriage cus- ascetic with a wreath of white flowers toms in several mission lands. The around his neck. He has passed the bridal costumes of these countries day in worship and prayer for the de- may be obtained at a small rental fee parted spirits of his ancestors begging from most Board headquarter.s. How- twin blessings on himself and the girl ever, you will not find it difficult to he is about to marry. The bride too, make your .own. has passed the day in fasting and Music appropriate to the country prayer. Face to face the young couple represented should be played as each sit, their clothes tied together, his bride enters and takes her place. hand placed on hers. The reverend As a background for the demonstra- priest, bronze statue in orange robes, tion plain velvet portiers will give the lifts the garland and slips it over both best eifect, although more elaborate heads, and the ceremony is ended.

decorations may be used. The bride goes to her husband's You will find only two rehearsals home, but she is not alone, she is part necessary. The charm of this little of the great composite family of per- play is its simplicity not only in prep- haps over a hundred being·s. Every- aration but execution. You will find one watches her.

it easy to stage either in a church or When she and the bridegroom at home. last find themselves alone together, it INDIA is not the meeting of two lovers in (Given by a good reader, after the ardent embrace and kisses. All is bride has appeared) prayer. They must lie side by side for two nights in divine communion. Perhaps the most inhuman wrong practiced on the women of India is It would be impossible to exaggerate child marriage. Every Hindu girl is the evils of child-marriage. Physicala wife or widow at 14 and in many ly, it leads to torture, deformity, conparts of India, much younger. Girls stitutional ill-health and even to death have actually been married before by violence. It is pitiable for the child they were a year old, and when from wife to be obliged to submit herself 4 to 6 years of age, they very common- to the temper and often tyranny of ly cease to be single. her husband, but when the despotism and cruelty of several elderly women They are frequently married to is added to this, her lot may better be child husbands, but there are hundreds imagined than described. of cases where the husband is a man of forty, fifty or even sixty, and the PHILIPPINE ISLANDS child wife may be his fourth or fifth.

In the prayers that the Hindu girl The manner of wooing is rather pe- lifts with her mother, they both pray culiar. The man who wishes to pay 285

his addresses to a woman gets the combat in which he is always victori- consent of her mother and father. He ous, he enters. The other guests fol- is received by the entire family, when low and each one is presented with a he calls but is never allowed, in any cup or cigar by the family of the bride.

way, to show her any special favor or No one must be omitted or the mar- attention. He must devote himself to riage will be unlucky. The dowry is the family. If he wishes to take her paid to the mother.

to the theatre or concert he must take The bridegroom is then seated on the entire family. The proposal must a pile of mattresses and cushions in come from the man's parents and then company with his friends. Dancing the Captain of the Ship of the Mar- is going on in the center. The bride riage Broker sets a day on which the is in a private room making her toilet.

suitor may procure a number of tooth Before all the guests, the groom picks each one representing a dollar dons first a pair of gauze trousers for the purpose of buying a wife. The several sizes too large. Then a skirt modern stock market scene follows. that is far too small, made of rich The broker tries to beat the price up silk. Two long ribbons of gold and and the bridegroom wants it low. A silver cross over his breast and tie in fight follows, but the groom always the back. wins out. For a week or more before the marriage the bride elect is car- The bridegroom is squatted on the ried about iri a sort of wicker bamboo floor and a saucer of live coals is set hammock, borne on the shoulders of before him. The priest places five two young men and she goes about large rings upon the right hand of paying visits to her intimate friends. the bridegroom and recites a l.ong She is not allowed to put her foot to rigmarole. A Philippine pendita the ground or do any manual labor. begins to sing louder and louder which is a signal for six bridesmaids to en- The trousseau of a rich Philippine ter and seat themselves among the girl consists of dozens and dozens of cushions. They have false finger nails rich dresses. No other article is of of silver two inches long. Their faces interest. Marriage is not a question of affection, seemingly. The only are painted with rice paste and their thing necessary is money enough to eyebrows are artificially broadened pay the priest. Very often all rites and their front hair banged. The are set aside. The man chooses his bride then enters and turns her back on the groom as the latter makes a companion, the two live together and pilgrimage to her side. After being probably rear a large family. repulsed, he gazes disconsolately at The marriage ceremony is quite a her back. The crowd extends its sym- complicated affair. At the proper pathy and urges the bride to relent.

time, the suitor goes to a place pre- Finally after many entreaties, she viously decided upon, and sends a mes- turns and faces the bridegroom and senger to the bride's house to ask, the ceremony is ended.

"Can the ship come to anchor 1" The A dance follows, and no one may future bride sends a messenger to refuse to dance. After the dancing, reply in the affirmative. A second comes a feast furnished by the bride. message from the groom says, "We Dancing and feasting alternate until have anchored." The bride's family the food supply is exhausted. While then send the toothpicks, each of the guests are eating, the second time, which represents a dollar in value, and the door is opened, and the bride and the suitor thus learns how much dow- groom appear. They eat alone, to the ry is demanded for the bride. accompaniment of music, and then When necessary preparations are dance together. This completes the concluded, the groom goes to the home ceremony, but the festivities usually of the bride's parents. After a mock last until the following morning.

19311 METHODS FOR WORKERS

AFRICA slaves, losing our individuality, and almost our identity. (Given by the bride hcr::;clf) CHINA I am Naga, a bride from Africa and I come to tell you of the marriage (Given by a good reader) customs of my land. Weddings in China are celebrated When I was but twelve years of with a great deal of formality and age, a man from the next town came expense. Betrothals are generally conto my father asking to marry me. tracted at a very early age. Initiative is almost always made by a woman He was willing to pay a sheet of called a "go-between." She is acbrass for me. quainted with all the families of the neighborhood. She suggests to par- After bargaining one way and the ents a desirable match for their son. other, my father decided to accept the She forms the medium for carrying sheet of brass, but he must also have on communication between the two two tusks of ivory in payment. families, as it is regarded as improper and indelicate for parents of either Sometimes in my country the bride- family to see the other or for parents groom pays for his bride in goats, or to arrange marriage without the "godogs or dog collars, exchange of wom- between." en, the father securing a new wife for himself at the same time that he Idea of courtship, love-letters, etc., gives his daughter in marriage. are quite shocking to right-minded Chinese persons. While the' bridegroom and my father were bargaining, I brought them Betrothal is consummated by exthings to eat, which my mother had change of presents and the making prepared. I then saw how old and over to the parents of the groom a ugly the man who was to be my hus- formal document. The relation of band was, and I cried out that I hated husband and wife is thus constituted him, and stamped my feet; but every- and the engagement i·s regarded as one except my mother laughed at me, sacred and binding as if the marriage for it was. quite the custom for the had been performed.

husband of a young girl to be old and Chinese women sometimes live as widows for life because their husbands ugly. We grow accustomed to it after died when very young boys. These a while. widows who have never been married spend their lives with the parents of The bartering is then completed and deceased husbands and devote them- I am the property of my husband. selves to caring for them.

All the next day there is feasting Previous to the wedding day, the and dancing in my father's village bride has her eyebrows pulled out so and at sundown, I am taken in a cara- that she is ever afterward recognized van of my husband's people to his as a married woman. town, only my mother and a few of my friends accompanying me. O~ the m.orning of her wedding day, she IS carfled to the home of her fu- When we arrive at my husband's ture husband in a beautiful and highly village, I am encircled by women of ornamental bridal chair. Red is the his household, who dance around me color of bridal chamber and costume. singing songs of ridicule and scorn. They worship together the spirit tab- My mother responds to them with an- lets of the ancestors of the brideother song, which is a plea that they groom. Parties first see each other's care for me and provide enough food faces when seated by the bridal bed. for my body. Then, weeping my moth- The bride's veil is removed and the er and I part and she goes back to my two parties drink wine from the same father's people, while I am left among strangers as the unhappy slave of my husband. For we brides of Africa are seldom happy and are sold from one husband to another until we are mere

cup. Then they receive congratula- timating each other's personal appeartions and the groom and guests feast, ance and character. but the bride does not eat at the wedding feast. As filial duty is a prominent element in Confucian morality, it is very sel- NOTE: IIu ve four coolies em'ry briUe in on dom that children object to their pararm chair supported by two poles, Bride car· ents' choice. Under the influence of ries umbrella over which is thrown a bright Western customs the young people, in red c10th which completely hides her face. Sbe recent years, have raised objections lifts this as she steps out and starts to speak. and the marriage broker has to begin all over again until he finds a suitable JAPAN mate.

(Given by a good reader) After the first meeting the bride- groom sends gifts of clothes and food Japanese women seldom have ca- to the lady, and if these are accepted reers, for they are always expected to they are considered engaged. A lucky marry. One rarely meets a spinster day is chosen before which time the over twenty in Japan, for they are bridegroom makes a formal visit to considered a discredit to their family the bride's home and meets all the and are kept in close seclusion. It was family. On the wedding day the bride a custom for the married women to is dressed entirely in white, the blacken their teeth when they went mourning garb of the country, and is upon the street, but the spinsters also carried to the home of the bridegroom, often did this rather than admit they where she changes her dress to a more were single, ana so the custom dropped festive one. As the feast is in proginto disuse. The marriage tie is a ress, the bride and groom and two loose one and can be dissolved without servants withdraw to another room legal procedure. Divorce can be ob- and pledge each other three times with tained for disobedience to the husband three cups of wine, exchange rings, or the husband's relatives, for talka- and join hands, which makes them tiveness or jealousy. The mother-in- man and wife. They then change law usually has absolute dominion clothes and return to the feast to reover the daughter-in-law. In the lower ceive congratulations. Again leaving classes, a wife may be divorced if she the feast, they return to the private cannot keep her husband's business room and go through pledging again. accounts. Religion plays no part in it, and it all takes place at night, with no press Personal attraction or preference announcement and no honeymoon. At plays no part in the Japanese mar- the end of the feast the guests leave. riage. It is entirely a matter of busi- The names of the couple are entered nes-s, the affair and the terms made at the Registry Office and the marby a marriage broker or middleman. riage ceremony is completed. If the daughter has no brothers the bridegroom must take the bride's fam- MOSLEM ily name in order to have a succession. As it is hard to persuade a man to (Given by a good reader) do this the marriage broker has to use special diplomacy in arranging From the standpoint of humanity such a marriage. and civilization the most glaring evil of Islam, next to the exultation of war, Women of Japan enjoy more free- is the practice of child marriage. Mardom than in other Oriental countries. riage among children is common, as The marriage age is fifteen for girls is also the marriage of little girls to and seventeen for men. Each must older and old men. It is written in the have the consent of both families. Koran, that he whose daughter reaches twelve years of age and has not been A betrothal feast is held, shared by giVen in marriage and falls into sin, all the members of both families and the young couple for the first time in their lives have an opportunity of eS-

METHODS FOR WORKERS

he is responsible for that sin. The be at home or in the church. There saddest case·s Christian physicians is absolutely only one variation. It have to treat are those of little girls makes no difference whether the girl who ought to be enjoying games and is young or old, maid or widow, rich school life, seriously injured, if not or poor, exquisitely beautiful or hidmaimed for life, as a result of this eously ugly, the only thing that varies horrible practice. is the trousseau of clothes which is given by the man to his bride, and the Young or old, the wife is an inferi- quality of this depends on his means. or, a plaything, or a slave. A father can dispose as he pleases of the hand A Moslem woman i·s the property of his daughter without asking her of her husband. She exists to give consent, whatever her age may be. him pleasure and bear his children. Men marry at sixteen, and girls from If she fails in this because of ill nine to twelve years of age. So a girl health, he may cast her aside, neglect of eleven has often been married and her, leave her to die, divorce her, or divorced several times. A Mohamme- at best allow her to lead a colorless dan marriage is a contract, rather existence in the household presided than a sacrament. A man makes his over by another wife. If, after marchoice of a female and then the law riage, she is' disobedient, she is given allows him to see her first, if he solitary confinement. Repeated acts wishes, but the majority never take of disobedience call for corporal punthat much trouble. Accompanied by ishment, which the husband is allowed friends, he goes to the house of an to inflict. The Mohammedan is alagent and there settles the amount of lowed four wives, but must treat them the dowry, which is paid to the girl's with strict impartiality. mother. The Moslem law appoints no specific religious sacrament to be ob- AMERICA served on the occasion of marriage. Mutual consent in the presence of wit- (Given by a good reader) nesses is sufficient to make marriage valid. It is hardly necessary for me to go into detail regarding American cus- On the day appointed for the mar- toms of marriage for the audience no riage, the bridegroom, accompanied by doubt is composed of has-beens, and some friends, goes to the place agreed would-be-brides-to-be. In every womupon. Two trustworthy witnesses an's heart there is the desire to somemust be present. All persons then re- time marry. American women have cite the first chapter of the Koran, careers and marry later in life, or they and the bridegroom then delivers the may marry and then have careers. dowry. The bridegroom and the agent The girl may have many suitors and of the bride sit upon the ground face she is priviledged to make her choice. to face and grasp each other's right It is best, however, for her to have hand, raising the thumbs and press- the consent of her parents, though no ing them against each other. Having hardship is brought to bear if she passed a handkerchief over their marries without. hands, the guardian says, "I marry to thee my daughter, for a dowry of such The marriage ceremony is regarded and such an amount." The bridegroom as most sacred and binding upon both then says, "I accept from thee her parties. The only part not regarded marriage with myself and take her so is the throwing of rice, old shoes, under my care and engage myself to hats, cane,s and the like, and this part afford her protection, and ye who are is rapidly falling into disuse. The present bear witness to this." ceremony is always performed by a minister, priest, or justice of the There is no discussion among Mo- peace. Sometimes the wedding may hammedans whether the wedding will be quite an elaborate affair. Parties, dinners, and showers being given a 4

month or two preceding the wedding yellow, with tissue paper, or bunting, day by friends of the bride as well as and two members of the group be sethe family. Hundreds of guests may lected to have charge of this, just inbe invited to witness the ceremony, or side the door, and to place carefully it may be a simple wedding with the in it all the eggs that are brought to bride, bridegroom, and two witnesses the party. The disposal of the eggs, completing the party. after the party, may be left to the leader, but the children should be in- The two are priviledged to establish formed of their destination and should a home if they so desire and the girl it be possible that one or two (or as may be the master of her own house- a group), could take part in the delivhold. ery of the eggs, that would add to the interest. Freedom is the outstanding feature in American ideals and customs and The singing of Easter songs and the American girl has the freedom of the playing of one or two games in marrying or not marrying: freedom which the tiny egg-shaped candies of choice, freedom of ceremony and could be used or a chocolate egg or freedom of establishing a home. bunny given as a prize to the winner, would help make it a real party. Or- NOT": You may want to change the above. dinary white beans may take the place Have this bride In a real wedding dre.s, a bou- of little eggs and when hidden in variquet may be obtained for the occasion from " ous places about the room make good photographer, material for an Easter-egg hunt, in which all the children present may A HOME MISSIONARY EASTER join. The prize might go, as a con- solation, to the child finding the least. EGG PARTY After the singing of some such A party would not be a real party hymn as "Jesus Christ Is Risen Towithout something to eat, but this day" the following prayer could be retime most of the things to eat will not peated in unison, (the leader having be used at the party but be carried to printed it on a blackboard or large someone shut in, or to someone who is sheet of paper where all may read) : not able to have many parties or good things to eat at any time. On slips of Dear Jesus, who died on the cross for colored paper, cut in the shape of an our sins, egg, if desired, the following invitation might be printed or written and And who now dwells in heaven sent to other children in the church above, or community who would be interested in coming to the party: Please bless our small efforts to bring Easter joy To a little Easter party that we're giv- ing (day of week) next To sad hearts, and to thus show Thy love.-Amen. We'd like to have you come at three, and hope you'll not be vexed NEGRO MEETING If we ask that you will bring an egg I asked the pastor of a negro Bap- or two, or three, or more- ti~t Church to send us his choir to sing spirituals at an evening meeting. To place within the basket that you'll The cooperation was splendid and find inside the door. ended by their supplying the whole program. A cultured young colored And then on Easter morning, with stenographer gave a splendid paper some other girl or boy, on, "The Literature of the Negroes." Another girl recited, and the choir Who is sick or sad or lonely, we may sang. They had refreshments with share our Easter joy. us. Two at least of our "Missionary Women" refused to come, but the re- (The time, "three" mentioned above, can of course be changed to any hour desired.) The leader should have in readiness a large basket decorated in mauve and

suIt was an increase in racial under- is a dramatization, personalization or Ht.anding. program thought out and prepared by the Juniors themselves. This is a real Later, however, when I tried to demonstration of the spirit of the bring a colored woman, a graduate of children and will bring the parents to Yale Music School, wife of a gradu- a realization of the value of the mis- ate of Ohio University, and a Y. M. sionary spirit as nothing else will. C. A. worker, as a guest singer, I was not permitted to do so as the pastor's Public programs by the children's wife said we had to "be careful." organization should be carried out at least once or twice a year and all SIMPLE RECREATIONAL METHOD parents, including fathers and grand- fathers, should be invited. Write names, stations, and countries, of half as many missionaries of It is not possible, however, to reach your own Board as you have women the uninterested parents who do not in your meeting. send their children to the missionary organization meetings through their Separate names from stations and programs. They must be reached countries, pass out names and corres- through the Sunday-school, or some ponding stations and countries. adult organization which they attend. Put boys and girls on the programs of Let the women who have the names your adult societies and have missionfind the stations and reseat name and ary demonstrations in the Sundaystation together, the leader carefully school as frequently as possible. A adjusting any misfits. simple recitation or song by a child may interest all or many members of It breaks up formality, brings wom- a household. A very simple exercise en together who should know each for a Sunday-school, or adult organizaother better, fixes names and stations tion meeting, may be "The Stairway in mind. to Success." Have any number of chil- dren, each of a different size, from the A MEN'S MEETING smallest child possible reaching up to the adult standing in a row on the We asked the men of our Society to platform to form a stairway. take full charge of an evening meeting, not a woman's voice was to be The adult may be the Sunday-school heard! superintendent or the president of an adult organization. Without words The husband of the President was this exercise illustrates the thought in the chair and the husband of every of the success of the adult activity other officer took her duties. depending upon the training of the children. A picture of such a stair- They chose "Missions and Peace" way may convey the lesson in the form for their subject. A professor led the of a poster under which are the words devotionals; a lawyer, popular as a speaker, gave the main address; a WATCH YOUR STEP man was at the piano; a bass sang a solo. or A large offering was demanded and new members were insisted upon. The men entered into the spirit of the thing and many considered the meeting one of the finest ever offered.

REACHING THE PARENT KEEP THE CHILDREN THROUGH THE CHILD We live in deeds, not words; Perhaps the best way to reach a In thoughts, not breaths; parent's heart is through programs in In feelings, not in figures on the dial. which his child takes part. All of the Life counts time by heart throbs Boards are publishing splendid pro- He lives most who thinks most, grams for boys and girls. Best of all Feels the noblest, acts the best.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22nd Street, New York, and FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York Exe.cutive SecretaTies of the Council of Women for Home Missions and Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS Mrs. L. R. Rounds, Mrs. Lewis L. Anewalt. Secretary-Mrs. John C. Shover. Treasurer- Mrs. Frank Gaylord Cook. Assistant Treasurer- Mrs. Philip M. Rossman. Executive, Secretary-Miss Florence G. Tyler.

MRS. HOWARD MISS FLORENCE Committees and Chairmen "VAYNE SlfI'fTl O. tl'YLER Administrative-Mrs. Howard Wayne President Executive Becretat'V Smith.

Officers By-Laws-Mrs. Clayton D. Eulette. Foreign Students-Mrs. Leslie E. President – Mrs. Howard Wayne Smith. Swain. Home Base-Miss Amelia D. Kemp. Honorary Vice-President-Mrs. Henry Industrial-Miss Lucy Kent. W. Peabody. International Relations-Mrs. E. H.

First Vice-Preside.nt-Miss Margaret Silverthorn. E. Hodge. Missionary Prepal·ation-Mrs. Agnes Vice-Presidents-Mrs. DeWitt Knox, C. L. Donohugh. Mrs. William Edgar Geil, Miss'ions and Governments~Mrs. Wil- Mrs. E. H. Silverthorn, Mrs. F. 1. Johnson, liam L. Darby. Mrs. H. A. Lavell, St1lde.nt Work-Miss Jean Dayton. Mrs. James C. Colgate, Nominating-Miss Carrie M. Kersch- Mrs. D. J. Fleming, Mrs. William L. Darby, ner. Mrs. Ernest A. Evans, Interdenominational Institutions on the Foreign Field-Miss Margaret E. Hodge. ConfeTences a,nd Schools of Mission.s -Miss Carrie M. Kerschner. World Day of Prayer-Mrs. S. S. Hough.

COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS Officers Thil'd Vice-President~Mrs. Fred S. Bennett. President-Mrs. Orrin R. Judd. Honora1'Y PTesident-Mrs. George W. Recording SecretaTy-Miss Julia Flor- ance. Coleman (President, 1908-1915). First Vice-P1·esident-Mrs. Philip M. Treasureri—Mrs. Edwin W. Lentz.

Rossman. Executive Officers Second Vice-P1·esident-Mrs. Millard Executive SecretaTy-Miss Florence L. Robinson. E. Quinlan (until April 1).

292 MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD HRs. PHILIP M. ROSS{AN ~rRS. M. L. ROnTNSO~ MRS. FRED S. BENNE'l'T Prc8idc11 t Fir8t Vice-Pre8ident Second rice-Prcside1J t 'l'htra Yice-President Director, Ind'ian Work-Miss Helen JOINT STANDING M. Brickman. With Federation of Woman's Boards Sec1'etary for Migrant Work-Miss of Foreign Missions Edith E. Lowry. World Day of Prayer-Mrs. S. S. Western S1tpervisor, Migrant Work- Hough. Miss Adela J. BalTard, 228 McAllis- ter Street, San Francisco, Califor- W'ith MissionU11} Education Movement nia. Joint Committee on Home Mission Assistant Treasnrer-Miss G. Evelyn Lite1'Uture>–Miss E. Jessie Ogg. Morse. With Federation and Movement Conlmittees and Cl1airlllen Conferences and Schools of Missions- STANDING Miss Carrie IVr. Kerschner. Leadership Training-Mrs. Orrin R. .4dministrative-Mrs. Orrin R. Judd. ChautauqurIr-Mrs. Orrin R. Judd. Judd . Finance-Miss Ruth B. Rule. International Relations-Miss Elinor With Home Missions Council K. Purves. Joint Administrative-Mrs. Orrin R. Legislative MatteI's – Mrs. Samuel Judd.

Semple. AlaskrIr-Dr. Edward D. Kohlstedt. Migrant Work – Mrs. Kenneth D. City and New Americans-Dr. Charles Miller. H. Sears. Student Work-Miss Muriel Day. Indian Work-Dr. Frank A. Smith. Study Courses~Miss May Huston. SPECIAL Annual Meeting – Miss Amelia D.

Kemp. – Eva Clark Waid Metnorial Fund for Woyld Peace- Mrs. F. W. Wilcox.

Nominating~Mrs. J. J. Pearsall.

Office Administmtion- Mrs. F. W. Wilcox.

Study of Litemtnre-Mrs. Edwin W. Lentz.

S-u,1'vey a:nd Pol.icy-Mrs. Fred S. Ben- nett.

Mas. EDWIN W. LENTZ ~Ba(hTa(h) 'rhe }]el,L ln~H, Hf1:vn:w htld flichH'I'~ of "'Irs. COlelllUll. )[i~8 QuiulalL lind :':Jix~ Bl'i(~klllan; 7'rea8U1"f~r MISS JULIA FLORANCE October, 192U, pictlwes of :Jliss Lmvry und Miss Ballard; ::Ha;YI 1930 , group pictllres in which ReoortJing Seoretwrll Miss Morse and Miss Kaiser appear.

JOINT SPECIAL The Origin of Good Will Day With Federation and National Council In the little neutral country of Hol- of Federated Church Women land, in a great hall in the Queen's palace, the delegates sat for three Relationships-Mrs. Fred S. Bennett. months in secret session, wrestling futilely with the problem of arma- With Home Missions Council and ments, but making great progress in Federal Council planning for mediation and arbitra- tion. Finally, the German delegates Comity and Five-Year Program of balked and disaster seemed imminent. Survey and Adjustment-Dr. Her- But our great ambassador, Andrew D. White, sent an envoy to Berlin showmann N. Morse. ing documents to the skeptical Hohen- lohe and Von Bulow proving that Other Personnel America cared tremendously. Thirty- one Baptist clergymen in Oregon had Office Secretary – Miss Virginia cabled a petitior.; a bishop in Texas Kaiser. had written a prayer offered every Sunday by thousands for the success Directors of Religious Edncation of the Conference. These and similar demonstrations had weight. The Kaiser Government Indian Schoob removed the objections and the work went on. Half a dozen men of hope Albuquerque and Santa Fe, New Mex- and courage saved the day. ico—-Mr. and Mrs. J. C. Ross. The Hague Tribunal of Internation- Flandreau, South Dakota and Pipe- al Arbitration was established; a stone, Minnesotar-Mr. Isaac Grey- panel of judges of four from each earth. country was chosen and the legal ma- chinery set up whereby mediation by Genoa, Nebraskar-Rev. J. M. Hinds. neutrals could be urged when war Haskell Institute, Lawrence, Kansas- threatened, and arbitration be carried out. In six years, as a result of this Rev. A. A. Van Sickle. beginning in international cooperation, Sherman Institute, Riverside, Califor- looking toward world organization, one portentous war had been prevented, nia!—–Rev. Floyd O. Burnett, Miss another great war ended and the Veva Wight. United States had carried the first Theodore Roosevelt School, For t case to the Tribunal and others fol- Apache, A r i Z 0 n a—Miss Pearl lowed. This body of jurists now nomi- Fletcher. nates the judges of the World Court. ORGANIZE THE WORLD A second Conference was held in By MRS. LUCIA AMES MEAD 1907 with 44 member nations. Had the proposals then of Secretary Elihu Reprinted by permission from June, 1930, Root been accepted by all and lived up Facts and Factors} published by the Massa· to, the World War could have been prechusetts Federation of Churches and Council vented; 30,000,000 would not have of Religious Education. suffered death, or wounds, or starva- tion and we would not have lost Fifty- In August, 1898, 26 nations having One Thousand Million Dollars in a ambassadors at St. Petersburg re- war that did not end war or make the ceived from the Tsar's minister a world safe for democracy. The lesson startling rescript inviting them to of May 18th is that Good Will must be meet and consider the limitation of organized. Organize the World! armaments. Most of these nations were skeptical, but strong men in many nations recognized a great call and hope. William T. Stead, the noted British publicist, earnestly welcomed it, started a new organ, established a center in London sending out speakers for months all over England. He sent young Ramsay Macdonald over here to strengthen our interest in the coming conference to be opened on the Tsar's birthday, May 18, 1899.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

APPEAL OF WOMEN TO THE charge of national honor and the safe- guard of humanity. WORLD'S STATESMEN The International Council of Women, Geneva, September, 1930 Ishbel Aberdeen & Temair.

The undersigned organizations, rep- Women's International League for resenting more than forty millions of Peace and Freedom, Jane Addams. women working in various ways in fifty-six different countries of the The World's Young Women's Chrisworld to forward international under- tian Association, C. M. Van Asch standing and cooperation, feel im- Van Wyck. pelled to call attention to an increasing and ominous tendency of the The International Alliance of Women press, the general public and even for Suffrage and Equal Citizenship, governmental circles to discuss, or ad- M. 1. Corbett Ashby. mit in discussion, the possibility of another war; this in utter disregard The World Union of Women for Inof the sacred Pact formally renouncing ternational Concord, Clara Guthrie war, which has just been signed by D'Arcis. fifty-seven civilized nations. The International Federation of Uni- This constitutes a flagrant slur on versity Women, Winifred Cullis. the national honor of the signatories of the Briand-Kellogg Pact, a direct TOKYO JOSHI DAIGAKU menace to the youth of the world and to humanity in general. It cannot and (Woman'. Ohristian Oollege) must not be tolerated! By DR. A. K. REISCHAUER We stagger under an unprecedented burden of armaments in the midst of Executive Secretary of the College commercial depression and economic warfare. We have come to a critical Life on the campus is humming this moment of upheaval and unrest and year. The business depression, keenly we demand the energetic action of felt in Japan, has reduced the number every constructive force. of students from 496 to 465, but there is no feeling of depression in the col- We declare the work for peace to be lege atmosphere. The handsome new the most urgent task before the world Library and Administration Building today. We appeal, therefore, to every is rising in the center of the quadranright-thinking person and, in particu- gle and the pouring of concrete and lar, to women, who pay the first cost beating of hammers makes music in of human life, to realize their respon- our ears. This building, entirely paid sibility and power. We ask every for before completed, with the Library single individual to use his active in- section a gift from an independent fluence to combat the idea of a re- woman missionary of Japan through course to violence as the solution of the Methodist Board, is the first opany problem; to work by word and portunity afforded us to go beyond the deed for the eradication of the psy- purely practical and necessary, and chological causes of war-fear, igno- embody some of the beauty and idealrance and greed; and to promote by ism of education in architecture. every means the recognition of the oneness of humanity and the interde- The practical has not been lost sight pendence of nations. of for there is ample provision for the business staff on the first floor, and a We demand of our statesmen, elect- cafeteria and school supply store on ed by the people-if they value their the ground floor. Both of these are privilege of service-to increase their managed by the Alumnre Association efforts and henceforward to make the who wish to guide the diet of these whole-hearted 0 b s e r van c e of the young women along new and more Briand-Kellogg Pact the supreme wholesome lines, and add a steady in- come to their growing endowment fund. The spacious Library and read- ing rooms, the alcoves of bllOks on

special subject,s to which the students lege; two are Y. W. C. A. workers; will have access, and the well-equipped one an officer in the National W. C. stock rooms will provide one of the T. U., in the white slave traffic definest libraries in Japan. The attrac- partment; two are living in social tive lounge with its comfortable settlement houses in the ,slums of chairs, warm coloring, and decorative Tokyo managing a children's Chrispalms will give a sense of welcome to tian library and girls' clubs; while all who come on business; while up- the daughter of the popular General stairs two pleasantly furnished con- Yamamuro of the Salvation Army is ference rooms offer a homey atmos- principal of the Officers' Training phere in which human members of the School of this outstandinl!' Christian family may meet in friendly conver- organization. This spirit of sacrificial sation with any girl who has need of service ("Service and Sacrifice" is the sympathy or advice. school motto), is growing steadily in the student body as is evidenced by Written across the front of the the conducting of a Sunday school for building is the ideal of our college the children of the neighborhood and education,-"W HAT S 0 EVE R the entertaining of a working girls' THINGS ARE TRUE" :-from the club in this suburb, as well as by the peak of the center roof flames a torch, voluntary work of the girls in helping catching the rays of the sun by day to beautify the campus, and their large and of artificial light by night-this, contributions towards buying equipthe emblem of the school, embodying ment for future generations of stuthe hope that goes out with each dents to enjoy. graduate. Japan needs educated women, with the courage that goodness There are still two great needs in and self-respect give, to lead the na- the line of building before this Womtion through her womanhood to the an's Christian College is equipped to abundant life free to all. The produc- serve the best interests of this largest ing of Christian leadership in the body of college-grade women in a home, the classroom, the office, in the Christian institution in the Orient. political and social life of the people, Another dormitory unit in order that is the aim of this Woman's Christian at least 50% of the students may live College. on the campus and receive all the ben- efits of extra-curricular activities and To what extent has this hope been have more personal contact with the realized in the one decade past? Quite staff of Western teachers; and a sufficiently to give courage and renew building combining a chapel and audiefforts for the future. As would be torium for cultivating the spiritual expected in the Orient, the great ma- and !esthetic life of the ,students. The jority of the girls are married by desire is for a chapel small enough to their families soon after leaving col- house comfortably the definitely Chrislege. Of the relatively ·small remain- tian group on the campus amid surder, who are allowed temporarily to roundings beautiful and creative of go into some kind of work or are ex- the spirit of reverence and wor·ship, pected to earn a living, many are car- and under the same roof to have an rying the torch. In the college itself auditorium where the entire student there are thirteen in positions of re- body, their families and the surroundsponsibility on the faculty, among the ing community, may come regularly administrative staff, in charge of the for religious services and various Alumnre Association 8tore and cafe- gatherings that enrich and ennoble teria, and as housemothers in the dor- life. Who can fail to imagine the hold mitories. Each year several are ·such a place would have on the lives engaged to teach in missionary sec- of those attending? May Christian ondary schools for girls. At present women catch the vision of such an three are studying in the States in influence in moulding the character of Ann Arbor. Well~sley and Wilson Col-

this large and eager group of their 3. You will not profiteer. You will younger sisters in Japan, and having not raise the prices of native caught the vision, make it a reality! goods because the people are now showing a greater interest in THE CAPA SCHOOL them.

The Capa School of Stamboul is not 4. You will strive to learn how to buy only interested in preparing girls for your goods as cheaply as possible the teaching profession, but in pre- so that, in turn, you may sell paring women for various practical them as reasonably as you can. professions. At the present time 150 students are taking the normal course The duties of Turkish factory owners: in home economics. Five specialists from Belgium and France are direct- 1. Great success is made by large ing the school. The first two classes stocks, so you must try to save are devoted to general secondary edu- and collect money to increase cation. During the last three, speeial- your stocks. ty is given in various subjects. Cooking, millinery, dressmaking, and other 2. You must try in every way to insubjects a domestic science course will crease the number of articles provide. which can be manufactured in Turkey and to improve the This year. the school has enlarged quality of all manufactured goods, its work to include night classes for so that Turkish-made articles may working women. The practical side of soon be the equal of all importadomestic science is given. These tions. courses are designed not so much to produce specialists or teachers as to FOR OFFICERS AND STAFFS prepare women to be better housewives. Give me, 0 Lord, that quietness of heart that makes the most of labor and DUTIES OF A TURKISH CITIZEN rest. Save me from passionate excite- AND A TURKISH MERCHANT ment, petulant fretfulness and idle fear, keeping me in the restful presence of Much is being written in the papers Thy love. Teach me to be alert in all these days about the duties of loyal responsibilities, without hurry and with- Turks in supporting native-made out neglect. Tame Thou and rule my products. The following points were tongue that I may not transgress Thy published in a leading Stamboul paper law of love. When others censure may as indicative of the highest type of I seek Thine image in each fellowman, Turkish citizen in his various rOles as judging with charity as one who shall buyer, producer and middleman. be judged. Banish envy from my thoughts and hatred from my lips. Help The duties of a Turkish citizen: me to be content, amid the strife of 1. You will try to save as much as you tongues, with my unspoken thought. spend. When anxious cares threaten my peace, 2. You will choose native materials help me to run to Thee, that I may find whether or not they are in style my rest, and be strong for endurance at present. and service.-Selected. 3. You will not mix foreign foods with native products at your dinners. WHOEVER ALLOWS HIMSELF TO 4. You will not spend your money for luxuries such as beads and neck- GET OUT OF PATIENCE laces. Whoever allows himself to get out of The duties of a Turkish merchant: patience comes to the falling-off place 1. You will not import materials that before he is aware of it. By indulging are made or could be made in in temper and saying cruel words a man Turkey. loses control of himself, and his tongue 2. You will sell materials of the best grows keener and more bitter and he ef- quality that are manufactured fects nothing an(l hurts forever the man locally. he attacks. Do not turn friendship into hatred by hasty speech. "By conquering yourself you have conquered me," were the words accompanying the capitulation of a great Indian chief to one of our Colonilll governors. Think it over.

-John Wanamaker.

~RLD-1nDEOUrLOO~~1

INDIA Lord Irwin, has declared that Mr. Gandhi and the British Agree Gandhi, the man he imprisoned only nine months ago f.or defying British A REPORT from Delhi on March authority, not only was an able peace 3, announces that an agreement negotiator, but had established a had been reached between Mahatma record for endurance, patience and Gandhi, leader of the Indian Nation- perseverance which men of greater alist party, and the British Govern- physique and ·strength could scarcely ment of India. Just twelve months equal. after Gandhi and his lieutenants of the Congress party initiated their Mr. Gandhi and Narcotics campaign of civil disobedience, the stormy petrel of Indian politics and OPIUM is a curse to India-espethe Viceroy, Lord Irwin, reached a cially to mothers and children. compromise. . This means that the One of Mahatma Gandhi's demands is Indian Nationalists will have seats at that the British do all in their power the round table conference. The Con- to block the sale of intoxicants and gress party's campaign of civil dis- narcotics. The Indian Government licenses the sale of opium and intoxi. obedience, which included defiance of cants throughout India-in spite of the salt laws, non-payment of taxes, the protest of many leading natives. holding of illegal as·semblies and mass Ignorant mothers are among the largpicketing of factories and shops sell- est purchasers of narcotic£ which ing British goods, will be called off. they use to quiet fretting children. Such drugs and intoxicants are sap- It is understood that the Indian Gov- ping the life of India. One .of Mr. ernment made conces·sions and that Gandhi's demands prior to accepting the British program for dominion henceforth the natives will be per- government is that this traffic shall be mitted to manufacture salt by the discouraged and that opium and liquor pr.ocess of evaporation on the sea- shops be closed throughout the length coasts, the government monopoly, and breadth of India. however, maintaining control of its All-Asia Women'. Conference manufacture and distribution in in- land areas. Political prisoners are expected to be released and Gandhi will no longer I press his demand for an inquiry into N JANUARY, Lahore was the scene alleged police excesses. Property con- of an historic conference, being the fiscated from Congress members found first All-Asia Conference of Women.

guilty of law-breaking will be restored Delegates were present from most of with their release from jail. the countries in Asia including Pales- Much credit for the achievement of tine, Syria, Iraq, Persia, Afghanistan, peace in India will be accorded the Nepal, Burma, Ceylon, Java and Viceroy, Lord Irwin. Almost single- Japan. In a number of these countries handed and in the face of opposition women have had up to recent times, a of some members of the Indian Civil very small part in the public life. The Service, Lord Irwin has fought Eng- absence of the Chinese representative land's battle for a peaceful settlement does not indicate any lack of interest of the tangled political situation in on the part of the Chinese to cooper- India. ate.

298 The Rani (Queen) of Mandi opened The New Indian Bishop the Conference. This was called to pro- THE General Conference of the mote cultural unity among the women Methodist Episcopal Church in of Asia and to place at the service of 1928 empowered the several Central humanity the qualities which are pe- Conferences to elect bishops. culiar to the Orient, to join in an effort to do away with evils that are This was a far-reaching step and in present, to encourage the wider adop- the recent election of J ashwant Rao tion of those elements that have been Chitambar to the episcopacy, India beneficial in the West, and to benefit all by the exchange of experiences honored not only herself but the whole among the countries of the East. In Church. Bishop Chitambar has been her concluding remarks she said: "Let recognized for a long time as one of us disregard customs and traditions the outstanding men of all India. He which have been strangling our do- is recognized by all of the Christian mestic life." forces of India, and by leading non- Christians as one of the outstanding forces for righteousness in all that An Important Indian Conference great country. Look at what the election means to THE Central Indian Conference of the 500,000 Methodists in India. The the Methodist Episcopal Church, Indians will feel, in a very real sense, held at Cawnpore, December 27 to that the Church in India is indeed January 6, was an epoch-making their own church. It will bring new event. First: There was elected their life and hope and determination. In first Indian Bishop, the Rev. Jashwant a more real. sense the Church will R. Chitambar, principal of the Luck- become indigenous. The whole organ- now College. He is widely known in ization will have to be readjusted to India and in America and was the Indian ways-ways that are Buited to Indian delegate to the General Confer- India, the people of India, the reli- ence in the United States a few years gious life and thought of India.

ago. He will reside at Jubbulpore, This step will give the non-Chris- C. P. tians a new concept concerning the Second: A new emphasis was placed Church. They have looked upon by the Conference on the Indian Christianity as a "western" religion Church as the agency for evangeliz- run by "western" men. It has been ing India. Henceforth the chief linked up with the British Empire, emphasis is to be placed on the train- and has been thought of as one of the ing of laymen and of self-supporting agencies of those who were running it.

and church-supported Indian min- In a very real way the Church will isters. make a larger appeal to the great non- Third: The movement toward Christian communities.-DR. BENSON Church union received a strong im- BAKER.

petus. The Conference declared it to be their desire and purpose that there An Indian Laymen's Association A shall be a United Church. METHODIST Laymen's Associa- Fourth: There was a prevailing tion was formed in India on Jan- and increasing passion for a great uary 2 with Prof. E. Ahmad Shah of forward movement in evangelism. Lucknow University as president and Bishop Chitambar was made chair- T. B. Franklyn of Delhi as secretary.

man of the Council on Aggressive The purpose is to bring about closer Evangelism and Dr. E. Stanley Jones fellowship among Methodist laymen of was asked to request the National Southern Asia, to enlist their support Christian Council to launch a wide in church affairs, both social and eco- .

·evangelistic movement similar to those nomic, and to organize similar associa- in China and Japan. tions in every conference and church.

They hope in the near future to draw Indian venture, financed and directed up practical schemes for solving prob- by Indian Christians. In its first year lems affecting the work of the Church of work, the society received an inby infusing a new spirit into the lay- come of only about Rs. 2,500 (about men and leading them to assume a $810). Today its annual income is larger share of responsibility. about Rs. 80,000 coming in small amounts from Indian Christians of all Social Purity in India provinces and all denominations. It carries on work in some of the most H w. BRYANT, general secretary neglected districts, including two • of the Bombay Y. M. C. A., regions where foreign missionaries writes in Young Men of India: have no access. One of these is Nepal on the borders of which the society "All workers among young men started two years ago a medical misrealize how terrible are the conse- sion which is meeting with much enquence,s of lax morals in an Eastern couragement and success.-Christian city. The problem confronting the Century. Y. M. C. A. is how to counteract the evil influences, to educate public opin- CHINA ion, and to secure acceptance of a single standard of morality. In 1923 A False Educational Policy the Vigilance Association was formed, and after a survey a definite policy THE reply of the Chinese ministry was outlined, one of the objects being of education to the united appeal a suppression of brothels. Now after of all Christian bodies for a repeal of seven years' work, the Government the restrictions upon religious educaintroduced a bill not only to suppress tion and worship in Christian schools brothels, but to make it an offence for closed with this sentence, "This is anyone to live on the earnings of final; let the matter be accepted by prostitution." all as settled." In a communication to the North China Daily N eW8 of An All-India Vigilance Association Shanghai, Dr. John C. Ferguson says, has been formed with local associa- "May I bl' allowed to remind the Mintions at Rangoon, Colombo, Calcutta, istry that no question is ever settled Madras and Bombay. It is hoped that until it is ~ettled right." the movement will spread widely and that it will be possible to agitate for Dr. Ferguson was the first president All-India legislation on this matter. of the University of Nanking. He founded and was for over 30 years the Indian Missionary Society Jubilee chief owner of the Sin Wan Pao, Shanghai, a Chinese daily newspaper THE NATIONAL MISSIONARY with the largest circualtion in China. SOCIETY of India, recently cele- He was advisor to the National Govbrated its silver jubilee at Allahabad. ernment for a long period. Twenty-five years ago a group of earnest Indian Christians organized The letter, with a Chinese translathis society as an interdenominational tion, has been given wide private cireffort for evangelizing the areas of culation by Dr. Ferguson who states India, not yet reached by any Chris- that he would go beyond the petition tian agency. While the content of the of the churches and permit all private phrase "unoccupied areas" has been schools to establish their own rules extended and enriched, the National as to religious instruction and reli- Missionary Society has still as its main gious exercises. objective evangelizing some of the most neglected parts of India. What Naturally the author distinguishes makes this society distinctive among between schools maintained at public all other missionary societies working expense and others. Religious liberty in India is the fact that it is a purely requires that parents who wish to send their children to Christian

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

schools should be allowed to do so. Dr. and social welfare literature which Ferguson's seconrl point is that sound uses a vocabulary compl'ehellsible by educational policy will permit full the lIew literates. freedom of experimentation in private schools. The action of the Govern- Kiangsu Self-Support ment will imperil the support of westerners in Chinese projects. The A SPECIAL meeting of the Synod decrease of interest in China's wel- of Kiangsu (Protestant Episcopal fare among many former friends, Missionary district of Shanghai) was which has been noticeable during the held at St. John's University to conlast three years, has been due to the sider self-support. The Chinese clergy attitude of the Government toward and laity are heartily behind this private schools and other philanthropic movement and passed resolutions proenterprises more than to any other viding for a sustentation fund to single cause." which all parishes will contribute. "The aim shall be to increase the local General Education Movement church income until such time as help from abroad shall be unnecessary." THE Mass Education Movement in The standing committee is to admin- China having demonstrated the ister the ·sustentation fund, deciding on the amount and nature of the suppracticability of adult education by port to be given to individual congremeans of its I,OOO-character lessons gations and gradually decreasing the and seeing' the efforts for the wiping grants-in-aid to stimulate self-support. out of illiteracy going ahead irresistibly, has moved its headquarters to Missions and Communism Tinghsien, a city about 100 miles southwest of Peiping. A staff of THE Liebenzell Mission in Hunan, workers under Dr. Jame·s Y. C. Yen China, has suffered severely from is seeking to learn by the laboratory the terrorism of the communists. method and to demonstrate methods Their stations were plundered and set for the enlargement and enrichment on fire, their gardens were desolated of the lives of the masses of the and Bibles and Christian books were people. trodden upon and torn. The mission- aries were obliged to take flight. Special interest in the project is Missionary Seliger in Siang-Siang being shown by Christian Missions. writes: "The communists consider The American Board and the Ameri- the Christian missions to be their can Presbyterians are within Ting worst opponents. For this reason they County. The work of Hugh Hubbard are trying to exterminate them. A is the outstanding piece of literacy number of missionaries have been work done under mission auspices in killed, others have been kept captive China. Mr. Hubbard was released by for long periods and only got free his Board to work for a year under after the payment of huge sums of the National Christian Council in the ransom, generally with their health promotion of mass education within broken down. We all are living here the churches. as it were, at the crater of a volcano."

Literacy leads to a wider reading Basel Missionaries Liberated of the Scriptures and thereby advances the evangelistic work of the MI S S ION A R I E S Walter and missions. The Paotingfu station of Fleischle have been released the American Board in the last six from the long captivity in which they years has had 30,000 students of all had been held for nearly sixteen ages enrolled in mass ~ducation months in the government of Fungclasses. In that same period, member- shun, in the mountains between ship in the churches has increased 70 Kayintshu and Swatow where comper cent. The work is being paralleled by the production of Christian

munistic bandits had held them. Their been much said about Marxism, So- capture by the bandits gave rise to cialism and the necessity of develop- many questions concerning the pay- ing civilization by the will, this year ment of ransom. The missionaries the students are urging dependence declared against the payment and upon spiritual forces. The depression even their families had heroically sec- so keenly felt in Japan is probably to onded this advice. There was no other some extent responsible for this recourse than that of prayer which change. On the other hand the King- arose incessantly to the throne of God. dom of God Movement is having a At last Government soldiers brought wholesome influence.-The Messenger.

them back, after enduring endless hardships and suffering from illness The Kingdom of God Newspaper A and insufficient food. The Chinese N ILLUSTRATED paper with this title is issued weekly in Japan, official did all in his power to help them recuperate. for a halfpenny. Although this in- PioneeJling in Chinese Turkestan volves a considerable loss, at this price it can make its way everywhere, and LAST winter H. F. Ridley took a has an enormous circulation. Chris- journey from his station in Urum- tians and inquirers in Tsukishima, a tsi or Sinkiang to Kashgar and back, district of Tokyo, go forth to sell the making the circuit of the Takla-Makan paper and find purchasers in the Desert-a feat performed by only two streets and shops. Children rush to other Europeans, Sir Aurel Stein and it for their own page. Miss Henty Sven Hedin. The purpose of Mr. writes of one reader: Ridley's trip was to visit the cities on She had not even a farthing. the edge of this desert and to pro- She looked poor, ill, and disappointed, claim to them by word of mouth and so the seller gave her the paper. through the printed page the "glad Ever since that night she has come tidings of great joy." The journey regularly to our meetings. We inwas made in 111 stages, and Mr. troduced her to the free clinic at Ridley was received with kindness St. Luke',s Hospital, and she is getting everywhere. The tracts and Gospel stronger. The Kingdom of God Newsportions were bought and read with paper brought a message she half keen interest. What a tremendous learned long ago; she believed, and task lies before us in the occupation of is now trusting everything to Christ. those cities for Christ-what an oppor- She has brought her brother-in-law tunity! Who will go out to these cities to the meetings, and he too is now and strengthen the hands of those earnestly studying.-Church Mission- who have for many years borne the ary Outlook. burden and are even now pioneering in this new world? Who will hear this Votes for Women call, take up this challenge and go out to this unoccupied field-Spend and A BILL introduced in the Japanese be spent in His Service?-Friends of Diet by the Hamaguchi Govern- Moslems, China. ment indicated it was prepared to give the women of Japan a small taste of JAPAN-CHOSEN political power, the right to vote in Changing Student Thought municipal elections. The sample was accompanied by the implicit promise I N AN annual all Japan High School that if it were taken with no ill effects, oratorical contest held in Osaka in within a few years the full feast of November, the speakers revealed politics, equal rights with men to vote something of the change in the and to hold office, should be spread thought life of the students. Where- before the 15,500,000 female subjects as in the past years there has always of the Mikado.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

The Y. M. C. A. and Golgotha bers, not including the 1,000 students AT THE recent jubilee of the Tokyo in school and college associations. Association, Dr. Toyohiko Kag- Upon being a·sked what are the chief awa, the well-known author and Christian social reformer, made a vig- problems of the cities, the Osaka staff orous and inspiring speech on his con- replied: "Communism, unemployment, ception of what the Y. M. C. A. should cafes, bars (old American style), lack be. He said that he would like it to of lay Christian leadership, lack of go out in the villages and help the stewardship among Christians, lack of Japanese peasants to fight for a better church work for boys, and lack of eflife. He warned the association fort by church members to Christian- ize the city."

against institutionalism: "A building AJobnry College Team in Chosen may seem necessary to you," he said, "but to have a building you must bow A GOSPEL TEAM of three young your heads and ask money from rich men is touring the Orient. It is capitalists and there comes the weak- called "The Asbury College Foreign ness." He urged the association to Missionary Team" and is composed of return to the spirit which promllted Messrs. V. Kirkpatrick, Byron Crouse its founder, the spirit which was in- and Eugene Erny. Their headdeed the spirit of Christ: "Let us quarters are at 4961 Lemon Grove forever hold on to the spirit of the Ave., Los Angeles, California. While young Man Christ, Who at the age of the team comes from a Methodist thirty-three breathed His last on Gol- college the work is nondenominationgotha. . .. The mission of the Y. M. al, undertaken by faith, with large C. A. is to revive such young man- dependence on prayer. A letter from Dr. James Hirst of Chosen says that hood." their visit to Seoul last October was Communism and the "Y" very fruitful and that they were warmly received. The report says: GEORGE GLEASON, Y. M. C. A. "The meetings in Seoul were union secretary, reports a growing fear meetings of all denominations and of communism in every large city of each night one of the native pastors Japan. With over a half-million peo- presided. There was a fine spirit of ple out of employment, with hundreds unity and cooperation throughout.

shelterless, sleeping at night in city Great crowds came and filled the large parks, with more than 50 per cent of tent that the evangelists took with the university and college graduates them and they started singing fifteen of the last two years unable to find or twenty minutes before the meeting jobs, Japan, like China, is proving a began. Much was made of Gospel ripe field for Russian propaganda. music and one of the team played a Many Japanese students and laborers trombone. Crowds came who could are seriously suggesting that the over- not get into the tent but stood outside turn of the present society is the and listened. For ten days there were quickest road to economic betterment early morning services devoted to for the common people. The Govern- prayer and Bible study and the eve- ment, even army officers, are looking to ning services were for non-Christians.

Christianity as the most promising Large numbers came forward as in- antidote. Grave problems confront quirers and some who were said to be the nation. Educational processes are demon possessed were cured. Many not sufficiently creative. The people Koreans walked for ten miles to attend are poor, discouraged. the services and some slept all night In the larger cities the Y. M. C. A. on the floor so as to be on time for the has a strong hold. Tokyo has a six- 5 a. m. service."

story building and 3,000 members; in The team works in some places in Osaka, a new building and 1,200 mem- cooperation with the Oriental Mission-

ary Society. They came to Korea Methodist Church back of the Y. M. from meetings in China and Japan C. A. every Sunday. Do you rememand held campaigns for four months ber that picture of Christ for which in Chosen. From there they went to I asked you? I have that in my room Manchuria and North China and plan at home, and it is a constant help to to proceed to the Philippines, India, me.' Here was something definite in Egypt, Palestine, Europe and Great the way of results. One young man Britain. Their one purpose, as stated, like that won for Christ each year is "to preach the Gospel of Christ to during my week in the Hospital would those who are hungry for the Words be worth while." of Life." ROSCOE E. COEN.

Seed by the Wayside ISLANDS OF THE SEA "AT THE opening night of a district Bibles for Northwest Australia Bible class for men I was cor- THE publication of new versions of dially greeted by a middle-aged man Scripture shows no signs of failwhose face looked familiar to me, but ing. The 636th langauge on the list whom I did not know. Seeing my puz- is Worrora, spoken near Broome in zled look, the man said, 'Don't you re- Northwest Australia. Though the peomember me? I am the man who rode ple only number 300, their language in the public automobile with you be- is understood by other tribes living tween Soowon and Kimyang about a to the south, east and northeast of year ago.' Like a flash, I remembered. them, and also by a smaller tribe called Upon that occasion he had told me Yaujibai living on the Montgomery that he was a Seventh-day Adventist Islands. In all there are only about a and had asked me to explain to him thousand people who speak Worrora; why we Presbyerians kept Sunday in- yet for these thousand Australian stead of the Sabbath, for our day of aborigines the Bible Society has pubrest and worship. I had told him lished a Gospel. The least significant simply and briefly for I had no desire member of the human family is a child to argue with him c·oncerning. his be- of God, and has a divine right to those lief. But 10! here he was beaming Holy Scriptures which are committed with joy at meeting me again, and to our trust. The Worrora language intending to remain a week to study is evidently most complicated, having at this Bible class. no fewer than 171 forms of the verb "to be." The translation has been "For two years now I have given one made by the Rev. J. R. B. Love, of the week in January to special evangelistic Port George IV Presbyterian Mission, work among the Korean patients in Northwest Australia, by three Worrothe Severance Hospital in Seoul. The ra men: Nyimundum, Barungga and results are not always apparent. Wond6onmoia. Apart from the comfort given, one often wonders just what definite re- Here is one verse in the new transsults he has obtained. When I was lation-Mark 3: 35 : unusually depressed by the query re- Gehwoonya aua picha wondi-ehwu garding results, I left the hospital to ngumma God koonjiri, aia ngauomali, go home on the street car. It was ngauomalinya, karunya. nearly empty and before I could sit down, a young man rose, took my -Bible in the World. hand and asked, 'Are you not Mr. Coen?' I confessed my identity, say- Protecting Formosan Morals ing, 'Yes. But who are you?' "pUBLIC DANCING," reads a re- .. 'Don't you remember me? I am cent decision by the Department Mr. So-and-so who was at Severance Hospital last year. I now attend the of Social Affairs of the Japanese Colonial Administration, "is an im- moral pastime, and should not be en-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

couraged among the youth of For- dancing partners, being amateurs, mosa." paid nothing.-EDGAR SNOW, "The "Indulgence in such an exhibition," Consolidated Press" in China Weekly this document continues, "tends to Review.

excite the young men and women thus brought into unaccustomed proximity, Filipinizing Missions T and arouses the wrong sort of pas- HE Presbyterian Mission met in Manila, in November and out of sions. Moreover, it has been 'proved that dancing is an unhealthful form of 65 missionaries, 34 attended the meet- entertainment, since it causes loss of ing, representing all of their ten sta- sleep and leads to drinking and gen- tions and the International Leper eral carousing. The practice of per- Mission of Culion. Filipinization is a mitting waitresses and young girls subject no mission in these islands hired for the purpose, to act as danc- can long evade, even if it desires. It ing partners in teahouses and caba- was voted to have Filipino physicians rets, has been found to cultivate arti- assist the American doctor in charge ficial and unwholesome social contacts. of each of the four Presbyterian hos- "For these reasons the Government pitals, instead of having a second mis- has decided to p 'ohibit dancing in all sionary doctor in each. One Filipino, public places, including hotels, tea- Rev. Leonardo G. Dia, was appointed houses, restaurants, cabarets and bars. with three missionaries to represent In private gatherings where guests the Philippine churches at the de- wish to indulge in dancing, a permit centennial conference of the Pres- must first be secured from the Depart- byterian Board of Missions and ment of Social Affairs." representatives of national churches, Proprietors of local eating and to be held in America in June, 1931.

drinking establishments are much dis- A program of withdrawal of mission turbed by the ruling. Their prosperity funds, at the rate of ten per cent a in the past has been due largely to year, was worked out for the Manila the novel "night life" which they of- Conference, the funds thus released fered to students and young bloods of to go into new work, and the whole Formosa interested in becoming so- project to be administered by the mis- phisticated. Their chief attractions sion and the churches cooperatively.

were the young Japanese and Chinese girls employed to act as companions in Progress in Dutch New Guinea O wine, song and dance. UTSIDE of the Batak Counties in Despite opposition, the prohibition Central Sumatra, the progress of remains. Dancing is taboo in For- Christianity is most marked in Dutch mosa. Even a group of foreigners, New Guinea. From the Sea of Sen- including some quasi-diplomats, who tani in the extreme east to the Gulf of wished to give a dance at the only McCluer in the west, a great move- European hotel on the island, have ment has set in among the natives been refused a permit. No restric- along the coast and also on the islands.

tions, however, have as yet been placed The number of missionaries (the upon the patronage of Chinese sing- Dutch Society, Utrecht Mission Un- song girls and Japanese geisha. Re- ion), as well as of. native teachers sorts operated by hundreds of young must be increased considerably in the ladies in this ancient profession ap- near future if the harvest which has parently are regarded with official been hoped for so long is to be brought equanimity. It has been suggested in. This mission which was carried that the Government may have been on in tears for so many years, cele- somewhat influenced in its decision by brated its 75th anniversary last sum- the fact that geisha and sing-song mer with much rejoicing over this girls pay a fat license as "trained great blessing which has at last entertainers"-whereas the teahouse crowned its labors.

5

Earthquake in New Zealand in many fields, where local support has AN EARTHQUAKE on February 3, failed. In many of the drought- 1"1. accompanied by landslides, tidal stricken churches, ministers have re- ceived only a small part of the salaries waves, and fire, claimed a large toll of promised them locally. lives and caused immense property damage in the seaport of Napier and Loyalty Crusades a surrounding area of hundreds of square miles, in New Zealand. Fire LAST year throughout the Presbyprevented rescuers from saving those terian Church, U. S. A., there was who might have been alive in the a net los·s in membership of 20,359. houses that had collapsed; and as the Of the six largest presbyteries in the tremors c·ontinued, the government Assembly, Chicago was the only one ordered a complete evacuation of the that did not show a loss. It is sigcity. Refugees fled to the south as nificant that of the eight presbyteries fast as disrupted roads and debris showing net gains nearly aU of them from landslides permitted. Not a have within recent years had some stone building was left standing in kind of Loyalty Campaign, and in Napier, a town of nearly 20,000. This nearly every case a campaign for is the wor·st disaster in the history of Presbytery Extension work. Appar- New Zealand, and Red Cross officials ently these organized campaigns for place the number of dead above one the progress of the whole work in thousand. the Presbytery quicken the efforts NORTH AMERICA along spiritual and evangelistic Jines. ~The Presbyterian Advance.

Help for National Mission Churches 1'HERE is danger that the financial Fifty Years of Christian Endeavor distress in America will mean great loss to the Gospel ministry and THE fiftieth anniversary of the the closing of churches in the United first Society of Christian Endeavor was celebrated in Bo-ston on January States. Dr. E. Graham Wilson, of 28. The movement has helped to de- New York, general secretary of the velop strong lives in the past, as was Presbyterian Board of National Mis- proved by an appreciative telegram sions, states that the income of th~ from a former Endeavorer, President Board "will probably suffer a loss this Herbert Hoover, and by personal testi- fiscal year, ending March 31, of over mony Of ex-Gov. Alvin T. Fuller, $150,000 which threatens the employ- former president of a Malden C. E.

ment of 200 ministers. One of the Society. Mrs. F, E. Clark, received missionaries in the Ozarks writes: expressions of grateful affection from "My bank, the largest in the State, young people all over the world, both failed and closed its doors. My for her own sake and for her husband, month's salary was there; also my "Father Endeavor Clark." The mes- wife's savings. What the churches sage of Prof. Amos R. Wells, recorded of drought-stricken Arkansas are to "Fifty Years in Verse." President do I do not know. In many of our Dan Poling described the four restless small churches everything has liter- boys on the front seat, of whom he ally burned up. Since August 1, more was one, who decades ago joined a than 95 banks in this area have closed. Junior C. E. on the Pacific Coast. He Many of our best men are ruined. I also gave an account of the world con- am going day and night trying to keep vention, held in Germany last summer, up the morale. What we shall do where national feuds were at last for- until the people can raise another g·otten, and the fIag-s of forty-two nacrop, I do not know." tions were waved together and youths became the ardent standardbearers of The Board has been called upon to former foes. give additional supplemental grants

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Protestant l:pbcopal Finances C. M. Yocum, head of Foreign De- partment; Jesse M. Bader, head of THE Domestic and Foreign Mis- Home Department; Roy G. Ross, head sionary Society closed the year of Religious Education Department: with a balance on the right side .of the Mrs. Aida R. Teachout, head of Misledger to help meet the budget for sionary Organizations Department: Miss this year. Joy Taylor, head of Missionary Educa- tion Department: F. M. Rogers, head of Out of $2,910,484 estimated budget Benevolence Department: John H. there was collected $2,884,420, or Booth, head of Church Erection Depart- 99.1%. ment: C. O. Hawley, head of Promo- tional Department. Out of ninety-eight dioceses and missionary dist.ricts, thirty-eight paid These, with associates, were elected 100% of their quotas and seventy-four paid 100% Or over of what they noti- for a period of four years in accordfied the N aHonal Council to expect. ance with the provision in the revised constitution.

Unofficial Ambassadors The president and two vice-presi- dents of the Society were elected at "THE Unofficial Ambassadors" from the Washington Convention for the foreign lands to America are the four-year period.-Stephen J. Corey, as president, I. J. Cahill, first vice- 10,478 young students who have come president, and Miss Mary Campbell, to the United States in pursuit of -second vice-president. higher education. Canada supplied 1,410, with China next highest, con- tributing 1,336. Japan is third with Training for Alaskans 1,004, while our Philippines sent 905. The South American republics have T HREE young men, graduates of sent some 4,000, studying engineering the Sheldon Jackson School, Alasand commerCe. A large number take ka, met with Rev. Jackson L. Webster, theological courses and 237 are listed missionary to Sitka, recently to oras at Harvard. The University of ganize the first sch'Ool for native re- California is instructing 595 and New ligious workers in the territory. The York University 611. Institutions in purpose of the school is to train Sunevery state in the union are shown to day-school superintendents, interprethave students from afar. This should ers, native helpers and ministers who make the "unofficial ambassadors" will take charge of native churches. qualified to represent America fairly The course includes a study of the when they return home, if they make Bible, pastoral work and preaching. right Christian contacts while here. After two or three years the men so The Committee on Friendly Relations trained will come before Presbytery among Foreign Students (347 Madi- for examination and if found qualified son Ave., New York), is doing much for a full theological course will be in this direction. given a scholarship in the States.

The Secretaries Elected Negroes after E:mancipation T HE United Christian Missionary ON JANUARY 1, Negroes through- Society at the Washington Conven- out the United States held tion, was given a revised Constitu- exercises commemorating the Bixtytion and as a result the Executive eighth anniversary of Lincoln's Eman- Committee of the Society, at its meet- cipation Proclamation. Most signifiing on November 11, elected treasurer, cant of all the progress noted was recorder and secretaries. C. W. that in education. In 1860, nine- Plopper was reelected treasurer and tenths of the Negro population was Miss Hazel Scott, recorder. The sec- illiterate. Twenty years later only retaries elected to Berve in the va- thirty per cent could read and write. rious departments are: In 1931, ninety per cent are literate,

the illiterate 10 per cent residing LATIN AMERICA largely in the southern states. In less than the proverbial three score and Earthquake in Mexico ten years more than 10,000 Negroes have been graduated from universities AVIOLENT earthquake in Oaxaca, and colleges. The degree of doctor of with less extreme tremors in Mexphilosophy has been conferred on more ico City, was reported in the daily than thirty. The number to receive press, January 14th. the degree of master of arts is increasing yearly. Of the ·sixty-eight The state of Oaxaca is in the south- Negroe colleges and universities all western part of Mexico and is a but four are under religious denom- mountainous region, populated chiefly inational control. Some 50,000 Ne- by Mixteco and Zapateco Indians. The groes are engaged in the profession capital city has a population of about of teaching. The Bible and the church 50,000. The responsibility for evanwere the pioneers in producing this gelistic work under the Presbyterian result.-Tuskegee Messenger. Board, was turned over to the native leaders in Oaxaca City in 1929. One Westminster College, Utah Presbyterian missionary, Miss Ethel R. Doctor, remained in the city to help DEFINITE steps are being taken in the work of Christian women there, to make Westminster College, and an affiliated missionary, Mr. Utah, an interdenominational institu- Verne Bruce, is carrying on pioneer tion, as it has been for some years work among the Indians in Yatzachi, with respect to its working policy. about 100 miles from Oaxaca city. Some fifteen years ago representative·s of other denominations were placed Miss Doctor reported that condion the board of trustees. tions were very grave. The Oaxaca c h u r c h building and manse are Westminster is Utah's only institu- ruined; Miss Doctor's rented house is tion of college grade not under Mor- uninhabitable, but the property in mon control, with the exception of a Yatzachi is not badly damaged. Rev. small Roman Catholic college for wom- W. L. Miller, a missionary from Mexen. In a state like Utah, where the ico City, visiting Yatzachi at the time Mormon population is overwhelming of the earthquake, reports that propand there are only a few thousand erties in the city and valley of Oaxaca evangelical Christians of all kinds, it in wide areas are in ruins, and that would be folly to attempt to build up it will take a long time for the city various denominational colleges. On and state to recover. the other hand, there is vital need of one strong, standard, evangelical, Mr. Van Slyke wrote on Jan. 18th: Christian college. Westminster has "One of the effects will be on the selfwon the respect of both Mormons and support of the churches. With this Gentiles as a standard educational in- 'quake added to the bad times, selfstitution of its type and it has ren- support will be still more reduced. dered tremendous service to the Our whole church is passing through Christian cause in that state. For a real testing in this sense. But we years Methodists, Baptists, Congrega- have much to be thankful for in that tionalists, Disciples and Episcopalians none of our missionaries were hurt have cooperated with Presbyterians at and no workers were lost."-W. Reg- Westminster College, though under inald Wheeler. the form of organization they had to be formally elected by the Synod of Agitation in Brazil Utah. SINCE the new provisional govern- ment of Brazil has announced its intention of rewriting the Constitu- tion, the officials of the Roman Catho- lic Church have been actively cam- paigning in favor of what they term

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

a minimum program of Catholic ac- tory, should be developed as extensively tion. This program demands that the as possible. It is planned to make this new Constitution bear the statement experiment in a lowland section of that it is written in the name of God; Central America during this year over that the Catholic Church is the State sixteen thousand square miles of un- Church of Brazil; that it make a re- evangelized territory. Missionaries ligious marriage ceremony compul- and native workers will be located by sory; and that the Catholic faith be plane at strategic points along the taught in the State Schools. rivers and lakes where they can es- The clergy are conducting a vigor- tablish themselves and begin work ous campaign from the pulpit while among the Spanish-speaking peoples Roman Catholic laymen are busy and semi-civilized Indians. An out- through newspapers and committees. post will be opened up among a wild This activity has set up counter ac- tribe. The airplane will serve to carry tivities on the part of non-Catholics. supplies to the missionaries and to The Roman Catholic campaign is succor them in case of illness or other being carried on throughout Brazil, emergencies.-Christ Life.

but there is small probability that the agitation will succeed in reestablish- Church Conflict in Venezuela ing a state church in Brazil. AMISSIONARY writes: "There have been various points of dif- Rebellion in Pern ferance between the Government and the authorities of the Roman Catholic SOUTHERN rebels in Peru recently Church in Venezuela. The crisis was seized the city of Arequipa and precipitated by the expulsion of the have set up an independent govern- Bishop of Valencia for his refusal to ment under the name of "Southern withdraw his published statements Junta." The troops garrisoned at against the validity of civil marriage. Cuzco have joined the revolution. The The hierarchy demanded his return Arequipa forces are said to have re- but the civil authorities refused perbelled because the provisional Presi- mission until he should retract. While dent, Lius Sanchez Cerro, has fliiled the church is not a state church in the to carry out the principles of his true sense of the term, she is subsimanifesto, in which he promised the dized by the Government, and in this constitutional election of a president.

The Protestant missions in Peru in- way is very effectively controlled. Folclude the Evangelical Union of South lowing the episode of the Bishop of America at Arequipa, Calea,' Cuzco Valencia the Government decreed that and Lima; the Free Church of Scot- only Venezuelan priests could be re- land at Cajamarca and Lima; the cipients of government subsidies, and Methodist Episcopal Church at Huan- that all foreign priests must either coyo and Lima-also the Salvation nationalize or give up their parishes.

Army, Seventh-Day A d ve n t i 's t s, In order to enforce this regulation an Church of the Nazarene, Y. M. C. A. earlier law was 'made effective for- and independents. bidding the entrance of foreign clergy without special permission from the Tile Gospel by Airplane Department of the Interior.

PLANS are under way to use the Although directed at the clergy of airplane to carry the Gospel to the the Roman Catholic Church, Evanthousands of wild Indians in the heart gelical (Protestant) foreign mission- of South America. A number of aries are also affected. The "Law of Christian leaders have become inter- Foreigners" does not unconditionally ested and feel that the plan .should be forbid the entrance of foreign clergy, tried on a small scale in some favor- but does state that special permission able territory, and, if found satisfac- shall be secured in each case. The

missionaries of the Protestant Mis- self, then the French mission fields, sion Boards have complied with the where the knowledge of French is inlaw and have not become involved in creasing greatly. They are now shippolitics. It is hoped that the Govern- ping to Istanbul several hundreas of ment will give the special permission French Bibles and New Testaments, in each case for the return of an or- ordered by the American Bible Sodained foreign missionary, and that a ciety for the Near East. solution may be reached along the lines already put into effect in Mexico Dutch Auto-Mission and in other Latin American countries. AN EVANGELICAL auto-mission EUROPE has recently been started in Hol- land. The Rev. Van der Zee, Re- Religious Interest in Gerlllany formed, preacher in Amsterdam-West, is the president and Mr. D. Schot- AT A recent meeting of the Pres- vanger, 32 de Ruiterweg, Amsterdam, byterian Alliance in Edinburgh, the secretary. The object of the So- Prof. Hugh Mackintosh reported that ciety, which has already been in oper- Germany seems ripe for a religious re- ation some time, is to tour the Nethvival. This is evidenced by three erlands with an evangelical auto. things: (1) Germany has suffered During the ,summer it arranges meetfor past sins and has been humbled so ings in the open air and during the that there is no self-sufficiency left. winter months indoor meetings at (2) The rationalistic theology has which lantern slides are shown. The proved ineffective and the people are van has visited several cities in the turning to a simpler faith in God and Netherlands and everywhere has met His Word. (3) Positive notes of with great success. Christian faith on a sound basis has been sounded forth by German re- ANew Mission Society ligious leaders. T HE Evangelical Czech Church in New Mi••ion Problems in Paris Czecho-Slovakia has recently or- ganized its own mission society, which EUROPEAN mission periodicals call will for the present work in coopera- attention to the fact that the task tion with the Evangelical Mission of of foreign missions in many instances France. is undergoing a new orientation. The most recent example is that of the Morals in Italy North Africans, mostly Kabyls who are coming in such numbers to France POP& Pius X in a Lenten address, that already there are 110,000 of them caIls attention to present conditions • there. The Kabyls Mission of Djemaa in Rome which, he says, are extremely Sarij has been working for the last immoral. He especially condemns "the 50 years among these Berbers in the immoral press which is indecent and Atlas region. Now it is ,seeking its sacrilegious to an extreme degree. objects in the streets of Paris and is Similarly the motion picture shows there carrying on a toilsome, although and vaudeville are often unspeakably not hopeless, work in trying to protect offensive to morals. The profanation these brown Africans from the dan- of the Sabbath (including Sunday milgers of the modern city and to bring itary drill for students ) is practiced them the Gospel. on an extensive scale. The toleration of such evils is contrary to Christian French Bible Distribution teaching and to the promises of the Italian Government." T HE French Bible Society during the year 1929, distributed 1,909 The Pope also protests against the Bibles, 4,624 New Testaments and 4,- way in which the Italian Government 179 parts. The field is first France it- permits Protestants to continue their propaganda in Italy.

lfi31] WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Russia Wireless Propaganda reduced, forcing eventual self-support; in France the work will be liquidated T HE Russian Radio, which is lately and members will be urged to join sending out international trans- other Protestant Churches; in Italy missions in several European lan- appropriations will be reduced and guages, will extend the,se transmis- congregations urged to attain self-supsions on a larger scale. According to port or affiliate with other Protestant the scheme of the Soviet Government, groups; in Jugoslavia support of the there will be erected eleven radio sta- work will be turned over to the Methtions each of 100 Kilowatt and 38 odists of Switzerland; in Bulgaria, smaller stations of 10 Kilowatt each. church members will be asked to At Moscow it is proposed to build a unite with the Congregationalists; and radio station of 500 Kilowatt, as well in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark, as a relay station for the ,short wave American Methodist churches are givof 60 Kilowatt. The cost of the entire en six, seven and eight years respecbuilding group will come to about 90 tively in which to prepare for a total million rubels. withdrawal of financial subsidy. It is predicted that all American Methodist "Foreign Mllssions" to Lutherans! bishops will eventually be withdrawn from Europe. Lutherans are quite THE Lutheran News Bulletin of strong enough to care for the work in New York publishes the following Scandinavian countries. In Sweden, remonstrance: "Lutherans heard with there are 6,051,000 Lutherans, and 16,- disgust and' indignation, the news 475 Methodists; in Norway, 2,596,- some ten years ago of the inclusion 917 Lutherans, and 7,567 Methodists; by a large southern Protestant denom- in Denmark, 3,364,500 Lutherans, and ination in a special compaign budget 4,201 Methodists. of an item of seven million dollars to "preach the Gospel to the benighted Church of the Czech Brethren Lutherans of Europe." This denomination was not the only one which T HE strong religious movement of appropriated money in those times of the past eight years in Czechoprosperity for missionary activities in Slovakia has abated but has not Christian land!? Lutherans in Europe ceased. Thousands of new members have had cause to complain of the lack are still joining the Czech Brethren of Christian brotherliness shown by every year-3,720 last year and 104,- the zealous missionaries of several 000 in the last eight Years. Member- American denominations, particularly ship has doubled since 1920. They the Baptists, Method1sts, Congrega- have 110 full charges and 373 preachtionalists, Presbyterians and Quakers. ing places, and have to leave many calls unheeded for lack of minister·s The Board of Foreign Missions of and money. They have only 120 pasthe Methodist Episcopal Church, has tors, and the fine theological faculty reluctantly been forced by a decreased in Prague cannot equip men quickly income to abandon some of its For- or numerously enough for the need, eign Mission work. A three hundred even with assistance from their misthousand dollar cut in appropriations sion school at Olomouc. And the need for overseas work calls for withdrawal with regard to places of worship is as from South Fukien Province, China, great. Since 1920 they have built 50 for turning over Methodist work in churches-whereby they groan under Burma to the Baptists; in Costa Rica an unbearable weight of debt-but to the Methodist Church in Mexico; still more urgently need at least 30 in Panama to an interdenominational more. Each congregation has more Committee on Religio~s Work and in than enough to do to keep going, and North Africa reduction of the work the will to self-sacrifice on behalf of among Moslems. In Europe, the most others in need tortures them all. drastic cuts will be made. In Germany, appropriations to conferences will be

Should they then refuse to receive and church affairs are regulated ac- people for whom they cannot provide cording to a constitution printed in into their Church? Preaching, Sun- Thorn in 1637.

day-schools, youth work, etc., are in Lithuania is a strongly Roman strong activity in the Reformed Catholic country, where the Roman Churches of Czecho-Slovakia, and Catholic Church is being more and there is a rising missionary sense in more powerfully organized. The Cath- the church. They hope soon to have olic Church is striving to control all a place in the Foreign Missionary en- branches of national life, and has suc- terprise. They have also philanthrop- ceeded in this (except in politics) ic works-four orphanages, old folks' during the last four years. There are home, girls' institute, etc.-Mr. Prud- few cases of conversion to the Roman ky, in the Quarterly Register of the Catholic Church, while about a hun- Alliance of Reformed Churches. dred a year come over to the Re- Atheism Taught in Russi.. formed Church from Rome. Among the Catholic populati{)n there is a APOWERFUL drive has been di- strong inclination towards the Gospel, rected against religion by the fac- and the educated Catholics, especially ulty of the anti-religious department in the capital, Kaunas, show much of the Historical-Linguistic Institute sympathy to the Reformed Church- of the Leningrad State university and Pastor Jakabenas, in the Quarterly of the Workers' Atheistic university Register of the Alliance of Reformed in the same city. Professors teach the Churches.

best methods for undermining popular belief in Christ and Christmas. The AFRIOA students disperse to their homes in Barber Shop Missions A various parts of Russia and use the N EVANGELIST in Egypt writes, occasion for an active educational cam- in The Moslem World, of his ex- paign against the Christmas idea. periences distributing the Bible in They try to show that the Christmas Cairo. He usualy meets a good re- legend is founded upon a myth, and ception in barber shops, where people that the Christmas idea is supersti- sit waiting. Even if the barber does tion which should be eradicated from not read himself, he often buys a copy the popular mind. This scientific ex- and leaves it f.or his customers.

planation is said to be based largely In one such shop, which was actual- upon the book of Arthur Drews, "The ly more like a club, the hairdresser Christus Myth," which appeared in produced a well-worn copy of St.

Germany some twenty or more years Luke's Gospel. It was a favorite prac- ago.-George M. Day. tice in that shop, he said, for one man Protestants in Lithuania to read aloud a story from the Gospel to the rest of the group. A shiekh THE Reformed Church of Lithu- who came to get his hair cut had told ania, which in the sixteenth cen- them they were infidels and tried to tury was a flourishing Church em- stop them, but they continued. Here bracing the whole Lithuanian nation, waa a Bible class, regularly held by is now only a small remnant of what men, who were all Moslems, in a it was. It numbers about 13,000 souls, strong Moslem district where there and is divided into 6 congregations, was no resident missionary.

of from 4,500 to 500 members, and four mission stations. Three of the Bible in Abyssinia T targer congregations are situated close HE new Emperor of Abyssinia is a warm friend of the Bible Society, together; all the others are scattered. The Church was founded under the and has printed St. John's Gospel in direct influence of Calvin, whose spirit two languages-Amharic and GaIla- is "still alive in it. Congregational life on his own private press, not to make

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK Jll3

money, but to help the Society in dis- There is force in the statement of tributing the Scriptures. Mr. T. P. the woman missionary who submitted Beaven; the Society's agent in Abys- the answers of the black boy, that the sinia, states that, on the morning he time may yet come when Africa will called at the palace by appointment at have to send Sunday-school teachers 7 o'clock, he found that the Emperor to teach the youth of America.

had been at work since 6 o'clock. In course of conversation the Emperor Slavery in Liberia T expressed his keen interest in the work HE International Commi,ssion of Inquiry, reporting at Geneva in of the Society, and his delight to be associated with it.-The Ch'l'istian. January, reveals a condition in Liberia scarcely distinguishable from slavery.

Will Africa Evangelize America1 It appears that Vice-President T HE Moody Monthly gives an inter- Yancey, with relatives of President esting comparison of the answers King, was connected with a syndicate given by a modern American boy and which raided villages and with beata native African boy to Bible ques- ing and torture, recruited laborers to tions. The black boy was employed as be shipped to the cocoa plantations of cook to a missionary and had only the Spanish colony of Fernando Po. been six years converted from hea- For each laborer recruited the syndithenism; the. other was a high school cate got' $45 with a bonus of $5,000 boy who had attended Sunday-school for 1,500 laborers. The workers found for ten years in the United States. themselves in virtual slavery, and Here are the questions and answers. rarely were allowed to return home. The "I" represents the answers of the Another common practice discov- American boy; the "2" those of the ered in Liberia was the pawning of individuals-usually children-in re- African boy. turn for a payment of money, the When was the Bible written? pawned persons becoming domestic 1. "After the birth of Cbrist." ,slaves. 2. "Part before and part after Christ. The United States is involved in God told Moses to write the laws and this situation, not only because of its put them in the ark." historic relations with Liberia, but also because the financial control of By whom was the Bible written? the country is in American hands. 1. "Paul." "The twelve apostles." 2. "Good men of long ago chosen by the Holy Spirit."

Who delivered Israel from Egyptian Secretary of State Stimson has sent bondage? several letters to the Liberian Gov- ernment demanding that this slavery 1. "David." be wiped out and that guilty officials 2. HMo~es and Aaron."

How long did Israel wander in the wil- derness? be dismissed. He has secured prom- 1. "Ten years." "Two years." ises of reforms, but these have been 2. "Forty." so qualified that it is doubtful whether Name one Old Testament Prophet. fundamental changes will be made un- 1. "Leviticus." "John the Baptist." 2. "Isaiah." Who was the greatest missionary of all less much greater pressure is exerted on Liberia. time? 1. "David Livingstone." The Firestone Rubber Company is 2. "Paul." said to be involved in the use of forced How are we saved? labor recruited by the government. 1. "By joining the church." "By becoming a member of some house of God." 2. "By faith and acceptance of the Jubilee in Angola blood of Christ shed for us." THE year 1930 marked the 50th an- What is meant by the Christian's hope? niversary of American Board work in Angola. The Jubilee celebration 1. "Everyone can be saved." "The wa·s made the occasion for contrasting hope of being saved." "To live a clean conditions then and now-all except life."

2. "Christ's coming."

the dirt, for missionaries refused to modern scientific methods. Kemal revive that memory. Development of Pasha has ordered that large loud- schools was portrayed-first the evan- speakers be placed on all minarets gelist in a heathen village, then a through the whole of Turkey, connect- school where a Dondi graduate taught ed on to a' central transmission station from a chart hung on a tree. Lights from which the muezzins will broad- were turned on a carpenter shop. As cast their musical cries at regular each department appeared out of the hours. This would do away with the darkness one saw what Dondi School old custom and, if it proves to be true, had done for its hundreds of pupils, would make it possible to hear the call -blacksmithing, tailoring, ,shoemak- all over the country at the same time. ing, building, typing, agriculture, or- gan playing, printing and medicine. Turkey Forward Looking Means School had a similar display. NEW ideas are gaining a hold in Pounding rocks are shown where Turkey. Formerly autocratic dic- women come to pound their corn into tatorship and military force directed meal and to gossip. A Dondi girl, who the country. Today education is being has come with her Dondi graduate emphasized in place of physical force husband to begin work in the village, and Turkey is urged to learn from joins the pounding group and tells Protestant Christian lands. The Mil– them about her school. As she names liyet (Constantinople) says in its is- each kind of work it appears olit of sue of January 7, 1,931: the darkness behind. A symbolic scene follows, Dondi girls lighting their Everybody knows that it is the British lamps at the lamps of faith and knowl- education that sustains the British Em- edge and going out to light others. pire. All supremacies on the earth be- An enormous alabaster cross shone long to the northern nations. The forth, and from the darkness came creative power is seen only in the north- marching boys and girls from both ern energy, not only in their own en- schools singing, as they climbed, "Be- vironments but in foreign environments neath the cross of Jesus I fain would also. take my stand," until all had gathered about the foot of the symbol. The Look at North America. There you climax came in the place where hea- will see a single republic formed by the then women of countless generations northern peoples, whereas South Amer- had wailed their dead in hopeless de- ica is divided into thousands of pieces. , spair, all sang the Hallelujah Chorus Go through Europe from north to south, from the Me,ssiah. All this in fifty and you will see that it is foolishness for years.-S. S. Times. Turkey to enter the Western civilization by the southern gate instead of the Ras Tafari's Gift to Bible Society northern …

RAS TAFARI, recently crowned em- It is pitiful to see in a country like peror of Ethiopia, made a gift of Turkey, which is in such need of culti- $500 and a gold medal to the British vation, almost all educated persons seek- and Foreign Bible Society as an ex- ing the bread of the government because pression of his appreciation of the they cannot find other employment. The work done in his kingdom. Great War and the armistice have left deep traces on our character. We have WESTERN ASIA no patience, and a struggle of five or ten years in life seems to us too long and Muezzins Loudspeakers troublesome. As soon as we finish our education we look for government sal- ACCORDING to the Dutch journal ary. In the school our minds are opened. the Gelderlander, the age old cus- Our p'ower of observation is developed. tom of the call of the muezzins to But we do not learn to sweat. No nation prayer in Turkey, is to give way to can be led into the path of civilization in this way. We need other ways and methods.

New Education ill Turkey THE MinIster of Education has given the following items with re- gard to the schools in Turkey;

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

This year the pupils in the pri- The inhabitants of the desert are nomary schools are over 550,000. In mad sections of the Al Kahir and Al towns and villages 110 new schools Murra tribes who live chiefly on have been built, and 250 new school camels' milk. rooms have been opened. There are 13,700 teachers in these primary The Christian mission stations nearschools, half of whom are graduates est to this part of Arabia are Muscat, of normal schools. in Oman, and Bahrein on the Per·sian Gulf, both occupied by missionaries of There are now 1,624 reading rooms the Reformed Church in America. in the country, for which local governments are buying books and maga- The Go"pel in Per"ia. zines. The Ministry of Education has bought 60,000 books, costing 11,500 WHEN Dr. Carr and Dr. Stuart liras, for these reading rooms. went to Shiraz, Persia, seven years ago to reopen the C. M. S. sta- Visiting teachers have been appoint- tion after it had been closed for some ed for the villages which have no years, they found not a single Chrisschools. We have also arranged for tian left. Today, there are forty-five, movable libraries for the benefit of 17 being converts from Islam. the teachers. Bishop Linton recently spent a week Eight hundred new students have in Shiraz, and describes a visit to a been admitted to the normal school mountain village, 30 miles away. "Forthis year. merly, preaching and medical work were carried on amid uproar and tu- Last year 622 pupils were gradu- mult, and with a good deal of personal ated from the Lycees, and 3,559 from risk. One night they had a meeting the secondary schools. for converts and inquirers after the general lantern meeting, lasting till A specialist has been called from after midnight, and at 1 a. m., three Germany to reorganize our technical converts were' baptized bringing the schools. For the Industrial School 12 number of Christians in the village to teacher·s will come from Austria.- five. Very different are conditions Translated from Politika. now. When our car arrived at the foot of the hill a stream of people Over the Arabian Desert came out to meet us. We made our way to the house of one of the' con- ABRITISH explorer, B e r t ram verts and had hardly got seated when Thomas, crossed the desert of a number of men, Moslems and Ba- Southeastern Arabia in January and hais, came in and began to ply us with February. The traveler wore Arab cos- questions. . . . Before we left two tume but otherwise was undisguised. men who were listening confessed His journey was from Dhofar in Had- Christ and asked to be prepared for rumaut on the Arabia Sea, northward baptism. At six o'clock in the mornthrough the sandy desert of Ruba-el- ing, before the rest of the vHlage was khaIi to Dohah, near Bahrein, on the about, three men and one woman were Persian Gulf. Mr. Thomas, who is confirmed, claiming the power and fulthe first European to cross the desert, ness of the Holy Spirit."-The Christraveled by camel 900 miles in fifty- tian. eight days, halting thirteen days en route. Thirteen of the thirty Arabs MISCELLANEOUS who started on the journey carried on to the end. They pas.sed through hos- More Recruits Needed tile Arab tribes, through the frankincense country of the Bible, over the THE Secretary of the Student Vol- Oara Mountains 3000 feet high, over unteer Movement tells us that the 100 miles of waterless desert, discov- peak years of student interest in ering a large salt lake, passing near missions were 1920 and 1921. As a the site of "Ubar, the buried legend- result, 1,731 new missionaries went ary city of the prehistoric Addites."

out from the United States and Can- This is said by President Buswell ada in 1920, and 1,620 in 1921. Since to be the most significant spiritual then there has been a decline to 558 movement ever started on the Wheaton in 1927. During the same period the campus. It is something new to find number of Student Volunteers de- from twenty-five to seventy-five stucreased from 2,783 to 388! During dents putting Gospels into circulathis period mISSIOnary emphasis tion at football games, after earnest dropped out of many Student Chris- prayer. As the result of an appeal in tian Association programs on local chapel, cash and pledges totaling more campuses, and in week-end and sum- than $600 were received from the stumer conferences. Recently there has dents and faculty. been a slight recovery, 667 new missionaries having been sent out in 1928. These students now plan to carry Yet this is below the replacement level on the work in shops, prisons, homes, by more than 300. and schools, especially among thou- sands of fellow students attending col- The Gospel and Football leges and universities where the Bible is not honored. Other Christian ,AST autumn some students of schools, too, may share the responsi- LWheaton College, Illinois, formed bility of helping the great mass of a prayer group that met each morning less fortunate college students. from six to 'seven for Bible study and prayer. One of the older students had Hymn Translations a vision of the lost multitudes outside of church influence swarming the fields T HE Lutheran Church Herald pubof great football games and "he was lishes a list of hymns which have moved with compassion." As a result been translated from English into of this vision and of the prayer group, other languages. Following are those a number of students started out to which have been translated into fifty give the Gospel to the football crowds. or more languages. It is interesting At one high school game in Chicago, to note that the majorHy contain the they distributed nearly two thousand Gospel message. The list includes the Gospels of John. During the ensuing number of languages into which each five weeks over thirty-five thousand hymn has been translated. Gospels were distributed, covering the more important high- school games and Hymns Languages several college games within a radius of thirty mile·s of Wheaton. Each Sat- A Mighty Fortress Is Our God .. 171 urday fifty students and several fac- Rock of Ages …………….. 130 ulty members set out in cars heavily Just As I Am …………….. 106 laden with Gospels which were given Ade,ste FideIis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 to the crowds either as they entered Nearer, My God, to Thee ……. 101 or as they left the fields. Jesus, Still Lead On ……….. 93 Each Gospel has been enclosed in a Holy, Holy, Holy ………….. 81 blue envelope resembling a bank book, on which the great football coach of a Sacred Head Now Wounded .. 80 the University of Chicago, Alonzo Stagg, has written, "This little book Jesus, Lover of My Soul …….. 78 will help us all to win in the game of life." Guide Me, a Thou Great Jehovah 75 A detachable flyleaf pasted in the All Hail the Power ………… 65 Gospels invited the reader to send for Abide with Me ……………. 66 another Scripture portion. Many slips Hark, the Herald Angels Sing … 64 were returned and the follow-up com- What a Friend We Have in Jesus 70 mittee improved every contact. I Heard the Voice of Jesus Say .. 62 Jesus Shall Reign …………. 51 Sun of My Soul ……………. 50 VVhen I Survey the VVondrous Cross ………………….. 50 Lead, Kindly Light ………… 50 -Alliance Weekly.

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by U8 on 'receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Morals of Tomorrow. By Ralph W. strength from the Word of God. Each Sockman. 331 pp. $2.50. Harpers. month has a blank page on which to New York. record anniversaries. The pastor of the Madison Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church of New Amazon and Andes. By Kenneth G. York is one of the brilliant preachers Grubb. 308 pp. $5.00. Dial Press, of the younger generation. He is a New York. 1931.

popular speaker before college stu- This deeply interesting and beauti- dents, and his magazine articles and ful volume of missionary experiences books have attracted wide notice. In in comparatively little known parts of this volume he discusses urgent ques- South America, is a book of pioneer tions of present-day morals, the forces travel and -stirring adventure. It that are guiding them, the direction in abounds in fine descriptions of scenery which they aye moving, and the oppor- and of primitive peoples, few of whom tunity and duty of the Church in deal- had ever heard of the Gospel of ing with them. It is a practical and Christ. It manifests keen observation wholesome discussion, clear, able, well and warm sympathy with untutored abreast of modern thought, and in- human nature. The author journeyed cludes a bibliography of recent books from the lower Amazon southwest- and periodicals dealing with the sub- ward, clear across the continent to iect. A. J. B. Bolivia and the Pacific Ocean, then northward, by sea and by land to Living with the Bible. Arranged and Peru, Ecuador, Colombia and Vene- edited by Mary Schauffier Platt. 16 mo. 365 pp. $1.00. M. H. Leavis, zuela. A map of the wanderings, and Box 4. North Cambridge, Mass. 1930. many exceptionally fine illustrations, Our greatest need today, in the face lend charm aJJd vividness to the deof many needs, is for spiritual inspiration and nourishment. Many scription of the country and people. Christians feel this need, but do not know how to feed themselves. They The volume is a notable addition to the growing literature on South America and the urgent importance of e~angelizing it. A. J. B.

are at a loss for -some simple method Evolution. C. F. Hogg. Pickering and for daily devotional Bible reading. Inglis. 3d.

Mrs. Platt, who was for some years a This pamphlet of 32 pages, dealing missionary in Persia, and who is the with the subject of Evolution from author of several stimulating and in- the Christian standpoint, is a recent spirational missionary books, has pre- addition to the growing literature on pared the.se daily Bible readings from this much discussed theme. It con- the Old and New Testament, but tains within this small compass a sur- majoring on the life of Christ. Many prising amount and variety of inter- will welcome these careful selections esting and instructive material, the as a guide to personal devotions and winnowed result of extended philo- for family worship. They require sophical and scientific readings. It only two minutes each, but enable one is one of the most useful discussions to start the day with light and on this theme in brief form we have 317

seen and a valuable addition to tract Miss Lorenzana was educated in the literature. H. R. M. public schools and the Union Theo- logical Seminary in Manila. She ha-s The New Handbook of the Churches. been active in Sunday-school work, was the only woman among the seven Edited by Charles Stehle. 305 .pp. Filipino delegates to the World's $1.50. Federal Council of Churches, Sunday-school Convention in Los New York. Angeles in 1928, took postgraduate work at the Northwestern University Many who speak on what the church in Evanston and Boston University, is doing in America are long on opin- and was one of the representatives of ions and short on facts. Here is a the Philippines in the International book of up-to-date facts concerning Convention on Religious Education in the various Evangelical Christians Toronto in 1930. and other religious church bodies in America. The general articles are of Such authors -should have prompt real value for they include statements and sympathetic reading in America. by Dr. S. Parkes Cadman, Bishop Their book is an admirable presenta- Francis J. McConnell, Dr. S. M. tion of conditions in the Philippine Cavert, Dr. Wm. R. King and fourteen Islands from the Christian viewpoint. other church leaders. They have written on Church Union, the Church A.J. B. and the State, the Community Church, Home Mission Outlook, Immigrants, Rural and Race Problems, World-Wide Akbar Ashram or Hindu-Moslem Unity. Mission Progress, etc. There follows If Truth at Last Be Told.

the directory of religious bodies (very These two attractively printed tracts useful for reference), religious sta- from Karachi, India, are strikingly tistics of all churches, and a bibliog- indicative of the new spirit which is raphy of the Federal Council. Every abroad.

editor and church leader will find the A small number of well educated volume invaluable and others will find Hindus and Mohammedans in Karachi here much interesting and helpful in- hav!! become alarmed at the great information. crease of bad feeling between Hindus Evangelical Christianity in the Philip- and Mohammedans throughout India, and wish to create avenues by means pines. By Camilo Osias and Avelina of which the more liberal spirits on Lorenzana. 240 pages. $1.50. United both sides may get together on a Brethren Publishing House, Dayton, common platform. The claim is made Ohio.

It is an encouraging feature of the that Krishna, Rama, Buddha, Christ development of Christian churches in and Mohammed all taught the same the mis-sion field that native leaders essential truths of love for God and are writing books and articles which devoted service to mankind. It is are influencing their fellow Christians interesting to see that these truths are and are helping people in the home the basic teaching of the New Testa- churches to a better understanding of ment.

the religious situation abroad. Mr. Akbar, the greatest Moslem Em- Osias came to America to complete his peror of India, attempted to weld Hin- education, was graduated from Co- dus and Moslems together by pro- lumbia University, and then returned moting inter-communal marz:jages, by to the Philippines where he became placing capable Hindus in the highest president of the National University posts and rewarding merit wherever with over 6,000 students, a member of found-in short, by a policy of ex- the Philippine Senate and then a resi- treme tolerance and a creed of great dent commis-sioner at Washington. elasticity. His attempt soon ran He has become internationally known against the hard facts of human na- as an educator, statesman and author. ture and left hardly a trace behind.

BOOKS WORTH READING

His spirit is, if possible, to be revived Buddhism." In this lighter volume he in members of the Akbar Ashram. deals with present-day substitutes for These tracts ,speak plainly of the dualistic philosophy. In a series of decay of morals, of the sad lack of delightful imaginary dialogues be- the vitality of the old religions and tween Socrates, Dr. Idealist, Dr. Beof the appalling need of India for a haviorist, Prof. Pragmatist, and new dynamic. The general spirit of others, he submits their opinions to the tracts reveals a burning desire for the keen test of question and an- truth and a wish to follow it even at swer, with the result that they are great personal sacrifice. Surely India shown to be incapable of offering is out on a new quest. any adequate substitute for the more The second tract attacks without ,spiritual doctrine which they seek gloves, (1) the religious cant, hypoc- to displace by monistic philosophy.

risy and greed rampant in the land; The aim of the book is essentially the sloth, impurity and formalism; serious, but the spirit of good humor (2) the purdah system; (3) the does not hinder the author from being entire institution of caste; (4) the brutally frank in exposing the fallacies joint family system; and (5) it advo- of some contemporary schools. Here cates marriage by choice on a basis is an example: of earned livelihood by both men and "Socrates: 'And what is emotion?

women, with the ,strict limitation of What is love, aspiration, the appreci- issue. ation of beauty?'"

The tracts give no evidence of pro- "Dr. Behaviorist: 'Just the behavfound thinking, or of any agony of ior of the gut. Or, if you object to soul, or of any great personal sacrifice plain talk, you may call emotion, visas yet made, and therefore are not of ceral reverberation. That's all any permanent significance. They are emotion is.' " signs of future movements of a pro- Only those who have studied modern founder nature. . Such tracts, how- philosophical theories will appreciate ever, create in the mind and heart the keen, thrusts in this first chapter. of the writer a profund disquietude The second describes Mr. Layman's regarding the present state of mind Adventures in the New Theology, also and heart of the Christian Church in in dialogue form. Three shorter chap- America. We have not begun to ex- ters follow, in one of which we have a plore the unsearchable riches which di,scussion on missions held in a Chiare in Christ. Our petty denomina- nese temple, by a monk, a missionary, tional differences, the large expend- and a promoter. The brief final iture on church conferenecs and as- chapter is a translation of a long-lost semblies, with so little accomplished; Buddhist Pali Sutta which, if authenour niggardly gifts in the great causes tic, would seem to indicate that the and our self-complacency should keep present Buddhist canon "gives a far us humble in the face of those who too monkish picture of the teaching of differ from us. the Founder." S. M. Z.

Christ is sufficient for the ills both of India and America-but His Word "So Send I You." A Series of Missionary Studies by Oswald Chambers. 176 pp. must live within us. E. D. L. Simpkin Marshall, Ltd. London.

Adventures in Philosophy and Religion. The author has opened to us his By James Bissett Pratt. 263 pp. own deep experience of the Bible and Price, $2.00. Macmillan. New York. God's own Spirit in this timely and almost startling call to unqualified The author, professor of philosophy personal devotion to Jesus Christ. at Williams and vice-president of the Mr. Chambers fir,st describes God's American Philosophical Association, voice which the soul can hear only is well-known in mission circles from when it is attuned to Him. Then folbis recent book "The Pilgrimage of

lows a searching scrutiny of insidious Directory of Protestant Missions in China, mistakes that prevent full allegiance 1930. Edited by Chas. L. Boynton for to Christ with a positive exposition of the National Christian Council.' 8 vo. what this fellowship means. "The 217 pp. 14 Peking Road, Shanghai. reason we do not make disciples is that 1930. we are not disciples ourselve·s, we are out for our own ends." The magnitude but not the vitality of the missionary enterprise in China The second half of the book carries is revealed in this small but very usethis same rigid analysis into the or- ful volume. They have listed the 200 ganized missiona y enterprise with societies and officers, the thousand 01" the same stirring reiteration that un- mo e m:ssion stations ge~grJ.phb"l'y deviating obedience to God is the only arranged, the names and addresses of effedive purpose and method. 6,000 missionaries and information as to interdenominational and national Missionary enterprise on the line of committees and organizations. A sumeducation and healing and social amelio- mary of missionary statistics would be ration is magnificent, but it is secondary a valuable addition to the Directory. and the danger is to give it the first place. The temptation is more subtle O.tasien Jahrbuch, 1931 is the tenth today than ever it has been, ~ecause the annual Yearbook of the Ostasien Miscountries of the world are bemg opened sion (Allgemeiner Ev.-Protestantup as never before … it is putting men's ischer missionsverein). Dr. Devarneeds first, and that is the very heart anne edits this Yearbook which is deand kernel of the temptation Satan voted to the work of the society which brought to our Lord. Our Lord's first it represents. It contains very useful obedience was not to the needs of men, articles by different contributor·s. but to the will of His Father . . . The introduction of civilization, without the IPLAYS and II emphasis on living the life hid with Christ in God,. tends to increase the power of evil because it covers it with a veil of refinement.

One wishes the tenderness under- lying it all might have been more HANDWORK fully expressed and also that the Of special value for use in expanded sessions,week day orvacation schools, phraseology were such as to appeal to or in regular Sunday sessions.

a wider group of students and modern readers. M. W. H. H.

The Japan Mission Year Book. Edited by PLAYS Paul S. Mayer. 8 vo. 391 pp. Kyo Bun Kwan, Ginsa, Tokyo. 1930. HIS BOOK, a story of the Biblein Mexico. 10 cents. AMELIDA. work of a Sunday .school missionary Thirty authors lend the weight of their study and experience to this among immig-rants. ~~ eellts. valuable annual. Japan is a land of PEPITA'S ADVENTURE IN FRIENDSHIP. the influence of a mission in the lives of Mexicans in the U. S. 21 cents.

'Vrite for free list of other plays.

intricate problems and vast possibili- HANDWORK ties. The general survey here presented gives us an insight into these Home cut outs: JRoanese. African. Chinese9 Alaska Eskimo. 25 cents each.

problems–economic, educational, so- PICTURE MAPS cial, political and religious. Mr. Ka- Lar/!:,e decorative maps (S'lx50 inches) in bold outgawa writes of the Labor Movement line to be colored, wittI a sheet of twenty or and Dr. Axling of the Kindom of God more pi(·turt!s to be cut ont, eolared and pasted Campaign. Formosa is in the Direc- on the map. llaps are now ready for the foltory and surveys but Korea now pub- lowing ('ouDides: lishes a separate Year Book. The reports are encouraging and are worth Africa. Caribbean Islands. Philippine Islands, North reading. The statistics and directory Americ-a. India, Latin America, The World. 50 cents each.

FRIENDSHJP PRESS 150 Fifth Ave., New York make it of added value for reference.

Please mention THlD MISSIONARY REVIEW 011' THlII WORLD in writing to advertisers.

The Missionary Review of the World — August 1930

PELLICE

OOMING EVENTS Methodist Church in the early days. He was very active during the Centenary August 5-10-WORLD'S CHRISTIAN EN- Movement in the Japan Methodist DEAVOR CONVENTION, Berlin, Ger- Church, and had been prominently before many. the Church for several quadrenniums.

August 11-22-WORLD CONFERENCE FOR When Bishop Uzaki was elected for the INTERNATIONAL PEACE THROUGH RE- third time in 1927, Dr. Akazawa received LIGION, Basel, Switzerland. 18 votes out of the 63 on the first ballot, August 14-25-NATIONAL BAPTIST CON- only 11 votes less than were received by VENTION, Chicago, Ill. Bishop Uzaki on that ballot. Akazawa San was for several years President of August 19-24-GENERAL CONFERENCE, the Lambuth Bible Training School in SEVENTH DAY BAPTIST CHURCH, Osaka. He is a man of unusual evangel- Salem, W. Va. istic fervor. On the day after the re- election of Bishop Uzaki in 1927, Dr. August 24-27-EVANGELICAL BROTHER- Akazawa was elected Secretary of the HOOD, EVANGELICAL SYNOD OF N. A., Board of Missions of the Japan Method- NATIONAL CONVENTION, Elmhurst, ist Church, and has served the Church Ill.

August 26-29 – CONTINUATION COMMIT- in that position until his recent election TEE OF LAUSANNE CONFERENCE ON to the episcopacy.

FAITH AND ORDER, Murren, Switzer- Probably no man in the history of J a- land. pan Methodism has been more universal- August 30-September 5-CONTINUATION ly beloved, or more influential for his COMMITTEE OF UNIVERSAL CHRIS- deep evangelical piety than the man who TIAN CONFERENCE ON LIFE AND comes now to the first place of leader- ship in the Church.-Missionary Voice. WORK, Vevey, Switzerland.

September 16-17 – COMMITTEE OF REF- DR. FREDERICK'" B'". F'"ISHER, who has ERENCE AND COUNSEL, FOREIGN MIS- SIONS CONFERENCE OF N. A., New been resident Methodist Episcopal Bish- York, N. Y. op at Calcutta, India, since his election in 1920, notified the Board of Bishops of September 29-0ctober 1 – INTERDEN9M- his intention to "cease from traveling at INATIONAL MISSIONARY INSTITUTE, large among the people," as he purposed conducted by the Philadelphia Fed- to accept a call to the pastorate of First eration of Churches and the Wom- Church, Ann Arbor, Mich. en's Interdenominational Union of Philadelphia and Vicinity, Philadel- *** phia, Pa. DR. CHENG CHING-YI, Moderator of October 7-15-U N IT ED L UT H ERAN the Church of Christ in China, and an CHURCH, Milwaukee, Wis. outstanding Christian leader in that great land, is spending the early part of October 9-GENERAL CONFERENCE, EVAN- the summer in England. Other visitors GELICAL CHURCH, Milwaukee, Wis. from China this summer are Bishop October 14-19-INTERNATIONAL CONVEN- Roots of Hankow and Dr. E. C. Loben- TION, DISCIPLES OF CHRIST, Wash- stine, both of whom have done yeoman ington, D. C. service for the National Christian Coun- October 19-23-WORLD CONVENTION, DIS- cil of China. *** CIPLES OF CHRIST, Washington, D. C. MR. BASIL MATHEWS has rejoined the November 30-December 5-NORTH AMER- group of workers of the International ICAN HOME MISSIONS CONGRESS, Missionary Council at Edinburgh House, Washington, D. C. London. He will not be a member of any of the existing staffs, but he has PERSONALS been set apart, without executive duties, DR. W. J. MCGLOTHLIN, President of for literary work, with youth especially Furman University, Greenville, South in view. He is at work on a companion Carolina, has been elected president of volume to "The Clash of Colour," dealing the Southern Baptist Convention. not with race, but with nationalism.

REV. HOMER M'c"MI'L" LA*N, D.D. has been *** MR. W. CAMERON FORBES has been chosen by President Hoover as Ambas- elected Executive Secretary of Board of sador to Japan. Mr. Forbes has been … Home Missions of the Presbyterian interested for many years in the Far Church in the U. S., succeeding Dr. S. L. East. Not only was he Governor Gen- Morris. eral of the Philippines, but he has made * '" * frequent visits to the Orient. He inher- REV. MOTOZO AKAZAWA, recently elect- ited from both his grandfathers tradi- ed Bishop by the Japan Methodist Church tions of active interest in matters Ori- in succession to Bishop Uzaki, who died ental. His mother's father was Ralph suddenly on April 2, has been for many Waldo Emerson. His paternal grand- years one of the leading preachers of the father was J. M. Forqes, one of the lead- Methodist Church in Japan. He was ing bankers of Boston, who was closely trained in the Southern branch of the associated with the families of Perkins, Russell and Sturgis in trading with the ALIFE- Philippines, China and Japan. INCOME FOR YOU *** Give generously to ForeIgn Missions. The Rev. Dr. Cleland B. McAfee, pro- Your gift will return fessor of systematic theology for the you last eighteen years at the Presbyterian Theological Seminary, Chicago, has been 4~% to 9% PER YEAR elected a secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, 156 Fifth for the rest of your life Avenue, New York City. He will begin the duties of his new office on September under the Annuity Gift Plan, thus re- 1st. Dr. McAfee will succeed the Rev. lieving you of worry caused by changing Dr. Arthur J. Brown who retired in values of ordinary investments. May, 1929.

Dr. McAfee is widely known for his missionary knowledge and interest, having been a member of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, New York, for many years; having traveled widely throughout the mission field in Asia, and written several missionary books and many missionary articles. In 1924 he was the lecturer in the Joseph Cook Foundation.

O;BITUARY A reserve fund of over $1,500,000 guar- MR. E. Y. SCARLETT, of the L. M. S., antees the prompt payment of annuities was wantonly shot by Chinese bandits to you. April 2d, while on his way from Tientsin Protect yourself against loss to Peitaiho. through unwise investments and at the same time help *** send the gospel to all the world. DR. CLIFFORD MORGAN STUBBS was fatally wounded by a Chinese at Cheng- For full information write tu, Szechwan early in June. He went to ERNEST F. HALL, Secretary, China in 1913 for the Friends Foreign Mission Association and was Dean of the Dept. of Annuities Faculty of Science in the West China Union University. Dr. Stubbs was an HE BOARD OF outstanding friend of the Chinese and it FOREIGN MISSIONS is particularly tragic that he should have lost his life at the hand of some fanatic. of the Presbyterian Church, U.S.A. He was one of the leaders of the group of missionaries in Chfna who protested 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK against British military protection being afforded them, for he believed that missionaries should take every risk in the countries in which they felt called upon to work. When he returned to China in 1927 he refused to travel on a British gunboat on his way back to Chengtu.

*** . ·ZOO fR:;o::b·bY.!~l~'i$tNb .BY'e30fo' re Xmas :M:r.s.IM'~aOrOl.DB~a'n;. MISS MARION SCOTT STEVENSON of the Procesa. order. Church of Scotland Mission at Tumutumu, Nyeri, Kenya Colony, Africa, died FOR YOUR CHURCH OR YOURSELF at Glasgow. Her name will be partic- Make a. year's income in the next tour months-without ularly remembered for the development sales experience or soliciting strangers I Amazing "Snowof work for women and girls of the Tumutumu mission. To many she was r::ll~!:~~Ii:~g8 ~~c~De6h~J~~~~~:t'n~rdg:r~Oft known as the "Mary Slessor" of East Africa, and in recent years she specially America's fastest sell1ng line paying biggest volume of devoted herself to traveling about in the Kikuyu country. Just prior to her last commissions-liberal bonuses. prizes. illness she spent 483 out of 583 days under canvas, while visiting the women- WE FURNISH EVERYTHING FREEl folk of scores of villages. The work in We teach you wha t to say and do. It you want to tum your which Miss Stevenson was engaged won minutes into doJlars-to prepare for permanent full or the especial praise of the Phelps Stokes part time pOSition-write us at once. Millions of old Educational Commission to East Africa. customers waitingl THE PROCESS CORPORATION Troy at 21st St., Chic. . .

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I''" ,I, REVIEW OF THE WORLD I .. / DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor at Big Savings I It .• ARTHUR J. BROWN, Editor Jor 1930 Missionaries in foreign service should select their Christmas gifts now from our catalogue, ~ .~. CONTENTS-August, 1930 and take advantage of the unequalled values and big savings made possible by 100/0 cash I Page discounts on orders of $50.00 or more se- }<'RONTISPIECE ..•……………•.. 564 lected from our general catalogue, except flour ….. and sugar. Write for free copy. FAITHFUL WITNESS 01<' THE WAL- Church orders for Christmas donations to .' DENSIANS …… TERTIUS VAN DYKE 565 missionaries abroad receive our special atten- tion, including guaranteed safe delivery. ,. PROTESTAN'l'ISM IN EUROPE …… . Special wholesale discounts on orders from · . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HARRY JEF~'S 571 Churches, Mission Boards. and other insti- tutions. PRO'l'ESTANTIS.I IN FRANCE …… . Foreign field secretaries can save money and ………….. Cn. MERLE D'.AUBIGNE 574 worry by anticipating the holiday needs of their stations. and ordering now direct from HELP FOR EUROPEAN CHURCHES ., 575 our Wholesale Department. JOHN H. HILL, MISSIONARY Al'D The above discounts are granted only on orders to missionary stations and institutions EDUCA'J'OR …………. E. J. CODY 575 abroad and to missionaries in foreign service. SAILING PEACEFULLY ON '1' H E All communications and orders must be sent to our YANGTZE … , ….. GEORGE H. TRULL 578 AMERICA AND THE CHINESE FAM- MISSIONARY BUREAU INE ……..•…..•.•. '1'. A. BISSON 583 Montgomery, Ward & Co. WHAT IS CHANGING INDIA? PAR'r CHICAGO, U. S. A. II ………….. DELAVAN L, PIERSON 585 THE RURAL CHURCH VOLUNTEERS MISSION STUDY BOOKS · .•.••.••….•… WARREN H. WILSON 5nO For 1930 "EVERY DAY IN EVERY WAY" ….. . For Adults and Young People · …………… I<'RANCES L. GARSIDE 595 PROFESSOR LUZZI'S TRANSLATION. 597 INDIA LOOKS TO HER FUTURE FIRST CHURCH CO:'ITFERENCE ON SO- By Oscar MacMillan Buck CIAl, WqRK . . . . . . AMELIA WYCKOFh' 5US INDIA ON THE MARCH A RIVAL OF CONFUCIUS …….•… (Revised Edition) • ••••……•.•..•…. S. H. CHESTER 600 BRITISH MISSIONARY SOCIETIES IN By Alden H. Clark CONFERENCE ..•.•….. H. W. PEET 602 TRAILING THE CONQUISTADORES TOPICS OF THE TIMES …….•…. 604 By Samuel Guy Inman Unemployment Editors of Religiou8 PreS8 Gonfer Gonference for Outgoing Mi88ionaries METHODS FOR WORKERS ……… .

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Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE VORLD in writing to advertisers. The Synod of the Waldensian Church meets here each September to commemorate the "Glorious Return" of the Walden"ians, headed by Henri Arnaud, in 16S9 to the Valleys. The statue of Henri Arnaud was unveiled September, 1926.

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LIII, No.8 August

THE MISSIONARY 16eWO. ,-~ ~. I fAITHFUL VITNESS OF THE W ALDENSIANS BY TERTIUS VAN DYKE Pastor CoogrcgatiooaZ Church, lVashington, Conn., and Direotor of the Amc";can Walden8ian Aid Society T HE Waldensian Church is the In these circumstances the Wal- oldest extant Protestant body densians and other forerunners of in the ·world. It is true that the Reformation had their rise. It the claim that it can be traced back was a time of many new move- to the primitive Church has been ments in the Church, most of disposed of, notably by Emilio which, as historic entities, passed Comba one of its own historians, away or were absorbed in later more than thirty years ago. Never- movements. The Cathari, the Hu- theless its clearly discernible ori- miliati, the Albigenses (so-called I! gin in the twelfth century easily from the town of Albi in Langue- assigns to the Waldensians the doc), the Patarini (whose name is honor of being the earliest of those derived perhaps from their trade ,I bodies known today as Protestants. in old linen or from the street in The twelfth century in Europe Milan called Pataria where they was a time of social change. The first congregated)-all these were clergy in general were becoming expressions of a religious renas- objects of distrust because of their cence among the people them- frequent abuse of privilege and selves. From the mountains of their often corrupt manner of life. northern Spain across the southern Much of the Christianity of the provinces of France and into Lom- people was degenerating into a bardy and Tuscany stretched a line ., thinly veiled polytheism and super- of "heretics" from which branches stition. The feudalistic system, went forth and found root in Bo- with which the Church was closely hemia and in the Low Countries.

identified, was coming to the end As already intimated these move- of its usefulness. Trade guilds ments cannot be exclusively traced were rising on the basis of mutual to reforming zeal within the helpfulness and a fellowship under- Church. Undoubtedly they were standable to the ordinary man. motived by political and economic And the troubadours by their ro- objectives as well as by strictly re- . ~" mantic ballads and no less ro- ligious purposes. Perhaps they can mantic wanderings were adding be most adequately described in their emotional strength to the terms of the resurgence of the com- current of social change. mon man in protest against the 565

luxury and tyranny of his masters plained, though I do not agree that and in assertion of his own under- it was justified, by three things: standing of life. First, the Church as an institution Peter Waldo, of Lyons, is com- was entering upon a life and death monly credited with being the struggle with the Empire; sec- founder of the Waldensian move- ond, the new orders of the Friars, ment, though some historians also as zealous champions of the Church call attention to the influence of in a rough and passionate age, Peter of Bruges, Henry of Cluny, were exerting an overwhelming and Arnold of Brescia. Waldo was pressure in the formulation of poli- a rich merchant of Lyons who came cies; third, within the Church to his conviction about the right of there was a life and death struggle individuals to read and interpret in the realm of doctrine between the Bible for themselves as the re- Orthodoxy and Catharism.

sult of reading the New Testament But whatever may have been the of 1 during a period of great sorrow at motive and the explanation, the the sudden death of a friend. facts are that in 1179 the Third '~ Gradually there assembled about Lateran Council specifically forhim a group of people interested in bade private Scriptural interpreta- .,., JI living a simple and charitable life tion and teaching by laymen; that and eager to read and interpret the in 1183 the Waldensians together , .A'.- Bible among themselves and with with the Cathari, Arnaldists, etc., others. At first they did not antic- were excommunicated'; and that ~~ ipate opposition from the Church. from then on the opposition of the In fact Waldo went to Rome to Church was for many centuries im- J gain papal approval for his plans. placable. Between 1208 and 1687 But it was not to be. Where St. there are said to have been more Francis succeeded in a somewhat than thirty organized persecutions similar request, Peter Waldo of the Waldensians. They were not failed, perhaps because of the place that the use of the Bible held in only anathematized, they were the latter's proposals. evicted from their homes and slain.

Yet it ought not to be said that In 1393 one hundred and fifty were the Church's opposition was en- burned in one day at Grenoble. In tirely a blind and obstinate opposi- 1487 Innocent VIn preached a tion. That it eventually proved to crusade against them. In 1545 the be a policy of reaction and there- Emperor had four thousand peo- fore a mistaken policy is certainly ple massacred amid the burning of the verdict of history. And un- a score of villages. In 1655 several doubtedly the means employed to thousand Waldensians were slain oppose private Scriptural reading at the fearful Piedmontese Easter.

and interpretation and teaching by But these people were not of the laymen were often unjust and stuff to be cowed by persecution.

tyrannical. Nevertheless, it is well Their "heresy" was too much a in the name of truth and justice to part of themselves. Besides, Eu- remember the situation. The early rope was full of the heresy in twelfth century had been a time of secret places, so that it was said tolerance in the Church. The sud- that in the fourteenth and fifteenth den change of this temper at the centuries a Waldensian could trav- end of the century may be ex- el from Antwerp to Rome and stop

FAITHFUL WITNESS OF THE WALDENSIANS

every night in the house of a fel- England and drew Cromwell's low believer. threat to the guilty Duke of Savoy and occasioned Milton's famous It is, of course, impossible to re- sonnet beginning, "Avenge 0 Lord, view Waldensian history in the thy slaughtered saints." It is inspace here at my command. Let teresting to note that Cromwell me therefore select for brief men- raililed a relief fund of £40,000, a tion six dates which may illustrate noble example of human sympathy in outline the course and signifi- a~ well as an illustration of world cance of that history. statesmanship.

First is the transfer of the Wal- In 1687 a determined effort to densian headquarters at the time root out the Waldensians from of the persecution of 1207 to the their mountain citadels resulted in valleys of Piedmont. Here in caves the exile of practically all of them and fastnesses they rallied them- to the friendly refuge of Switzerselves, here they settled down to land, and led to another notablE!· nourish the life of the Spirit with- event in Waldensian history. This in themselves and to endure he- was the astonishing feat of about roically the constant persecutions seven hundred men under Henri of their enemies, and hence they Arnaud, pastor and soldier, who, went forth when occasion offered on the night of August 15, 1689, as missionaries of their faith. To- crossed the Lake of Geneva and, day, the annual Synod of the repulsing the forces of Marshall Waldensian Church meets in Torre Catinat, won a way back through Pellice, and from this ancestral the Alps into Piedmont-a notable home directs the life and work of military manreuver. which won this oldest of all Protestant the unbounded praise of Napoleon Churches. Bonaparte. Ten days later, before the only church building which had The second date in Waldensian not been destroyed, that at Ghigo, history which I will mention is in the parish of Prali, Henri Ar- 1532, when, on the visit of Farel, naud preached, and on the follow- Saunier, and Olivetan at the Synod ing Sunday the whole band took in the vale of Angrogna, the Wal- an oath of loyalty at Sibaud (now densians became officially a part of marked with a monument), among the Reformation which had arisen the chestnut trees. in the wake of their own earlier witness. This decision drew upon The fifth date I shall mention is them fresh persecutions, but it also that of the pUblication of Canon marked a time when their whole Gilly's book, "Researches Among movement took on new life. Then the Waldensians, etc.," in 1831. it was that the first church build- This book may be said to mark the ings were erected in the valleys, a beginning of the spread of knowlnew impetus was given to Scrip- edge about the Waldensians as not tural knowledge through Olivetan's only a people who had greatly suftranslations, and some missionary fered, but who are religiously imadvances were made, notably in portant in their own right. It is Calabria. worth while to note his tribute to Waldensian character: A third great date is 1655, when occurred the fearful massacre well Their morals correspond with their known as the Piedmontese Easter. faith; and their lives and conversation The horror of this event reached

;J testify that the doctrines they profess The first Protestant Church in are those of the truth; for nothing Italy outside the valleys was that short of a firm persuasion that they are burning and shining lights, which at Turin, where Meille first are not to be put out, could have given preached in 1851. When Garabaldi them courage and perseverance suffi- entered Rome in 1870 the first cient to withstand the temptations to civilian to enter by the Porta Pia which their spiritual integrity has was Commendatore Matteo Prochbeen exposed, or to restrain the strong et, Moderator of the Waldensian hand which has been lifted up against Church, who bore a Bible in his them for more than ten (sic) cen- hand and shortly afterwards turies. preached there. Today two fine I had opportunities of observing the churches and the theological semi- conduct of individuals of this little nary bear witness to the industry community, at different times and and strength of the Waldensians under various circumstances, at home in the capital city of their nation. and abroad, in the transactions of There are now nearly sixty business and the kindly courtesies of life, and in their hours of devotion and churches in Italy and Sicily in adfestivity, and I am impressed with the dition to the seventeen churches in belief that there is nothing exagger- the valleys, with a total memberated, either in the favorable repre- ship of something over 20,000. The sentations made by their own chief statistical advances-I emhistorians, or in the eulogies of phasiZle the word statistical for strangers. though it is important it is by no Among others who were attract- means the sole mark of a success- 1 ed to the Waldensians at this time ful church-are being made today and became their friends were in Sicily. Here a beautiful new General Beckwith and Count Wal- church was dedicated three years burg Truches. ago, and a new church has more recently been founded at Piazza The final date I shall mention is Armerina. But though the mem- February 17, 1848, when Charles bership of the Waldensian Church Albert, King of Piedmont, at the is admittedly small, the constitinstigation of Cavour issued the uency which it is influencing is Edict of Emancipation which put by no means inconsiderable and, an end to the disabilities which as Dr. Giovanni Luzzi, former .confined the work of the Walden- Dean of the Theological School and sians to the valleys. From this translator of the "Fides et Amor" time on the story of the Walden- version of the Bible, has said: "The sians is that of the establishment development of the mustard seed of new institutions and the spread is not susceptible to any numerical of the work. valuation; and there is no human It is not my purpose to describe or mechanical dynamometer able to these various institutions which of measure the mysterious process by course include schools, orphanages, which the leaven of the Kingdom homes for the aged, Sunday-schools slowly but radically transforms an and missions as well as churches. individual, a family, or a country."

What I wish to emphasize is that In Uruguay and Argentina there immediately upon the removal of are colonies of Waldensians num- disabilities the Waldensians moved bering about four thousand peo- out into a larger sphere of activity. ple with eight self-supporting

churches, and there are a number Two criticisms are sometimes of such colonies in the United made of the Waldensian Church. States, chief of which is that at The first is that it lives by antag- Valdese, North Carolina, number- onism to the Roman Catholic ing about fifteen hundred people Church. The falseness of this ac- and with a strong church affiliated cusation seems to me to be ade- with the Southern Presbyterians. quately shown both by the history A number of Protestant Italian- of times past and by the activities American churches in this country of today. As a Director of the have Waldensian pastors or mis- American Waldensian Aid Society sionaries, and the origin of not a for nine years my experience with 'I > I( THE REFUGIO OF CARLO ALBERTO AT LUSImNA SAN GIOVANNI few of these churches can be traced the policies of the Waldensian back to the Waldensian Church in Church and my relations with its Italy. representatives lead me to be confi- Waldensian concern in education dent that the prevailing spirit is is proverbial. Berard has pointed that so beautifully and clearly ex- out that it was a striking fact in pressed by Carlo Lupo, of Turin, the Middle Ages that every Vau- who recently said: dois had a rudimentary education; As to the character of our work, and that concern is still one of the we hold that a polemic against the guiding lights of Waldensian pol- Roman Church is sinful. These days are too serious; no human organiza- ,. icy. It is reflected not only in the tion has the right to boast, over work of the schools in various against another, the monopoly of the 1. 1: places but in the college at Torre truth when this truth is not lived out .1,- Pellice, and most notably in the in the daily practice of life . . . Many distinguished culture of the leaders are the difficulties arising from big- of the Church. otry of every shade, but realizing that 570 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD [August we are called to be as leaven in the Sweden, France, and the United meal, we seek to perform that sacred States gave $56,842, or less than function. twenty-three per cent.

The second criticism of the Wal- If we make the common mistake densian Church is that which con- of our day and think that big in- cerns money matters. It is some- stitutions and crowds and work times said that if it were not for done in the spotlight and to the the support of misguided foreign- accompaniment of the tom-toms of ers the Waldensians could not con- a peculiar kind of publicity are the tinue their work. What are the only important things, we may well .. facts? I quote from the report of disregard the Waldensians. But Fred S. Goodman (until recently if we are interested in Isaiah's Executive Secretary of the Amer- conception of the remnant, and in ican Waldensian Aid Society) on Jesus' teaching under the metahis return from the last meeting phors of leaven and salt, if we are of the Waldensian Synod in Sep- interested in history and find some- thing to be treasured in the story tember, 1929: of heroism, both in its everyday ."

While the total cost of all phases of as well as its occasional dress, if the work of the churches, schools, hos- we are interested in hardy folk pitals, asylums, pUblication, repairs, and in the stern yet essentially new buildings, etc., was only Lire 4,- cheerful principles of Protestant- 850,000 (about $225,263), three- ism-then the Waldensians may fourths was given in Italy by the Waldensians. England, Scotland, Hol- well occupy a large and generous land, Denmark, Switzerland, Norway, place in our minds and hearts.

In spite of the extraordinary revolutions in our intellectual world Jesus still captivates the human race with the splendor of the divine that radiates from Him. His image has become brighter and more vivid-that is all. Still He waits with a welcome all His own for those who seek God, waits for those who seek the true humanity. A discovery without parallel is in store for him who, in some hour of calm, penetrates all the theories of the centuries and comes out face to face with the human glory of Jesus. This Man once did live here! This Man once did walk our earth! There is a thought with substance enough to grip us our whole life long. But none the less overwhelming is the reaction accompanying that other discovery that God was in Jesus. In Him we behold God living right down among us, powerfully active in our behalf; God as He is willing also to live in us, and bear, and struggle, and conquer. Here is the life of God, clothing itself in a human form; and conversely, a unit of human nature transfigured by the presence of God…… Freely and royally we may take from Him what we can and receive from Him yet today, as we can obtain them from no other source-renewal of life for ourselves, . fulfillment of our ideals for our world, and ultimate union with God.-From "Behold the Man," by Friedrich Rittelmeyer.

, :,~

PROTESTANTISM IN

BY HARRY JEFFS Secretary of thc Evangelical Oontinental Society, London M ANY of the Protestant lions of people strongly under churches of the Continent Communist anti-religious influence. are struggling heroically to The young men and women who · ,i .. hold their own in the face of great will be the citizens and the wQrkers difficulties-poverty, the disorgani- of the future are being brQught up r I' zation of strong churches by the "without hope and without God in !- breaking up of the old Empires for the world," their minds poisoned the creation of new States, and in at the source, and prepared to be some cases by the QPpressive treat- easy victims to every temptation ment of Protestant national minor- that will beset them and a danger ities that have been incorporated to. the stability of society and the in new States. State.

On the Qther side these churches France of the Continent are threatened, The Protestant churches of along with the Roman Catholic France are striving bravely to Church itself, by a widely spread adapt themselves to the new con- atheistic Communism, which scoffs ditions and to play, as they have at all religion, and would destroy always played in the past, a part all churches and religious institu- greatly in excess of their numerical (, tions in the interest of a class-hat- strength, which is not more than a ing "Proletariat." The source of million in a forty millions popula- this bitter relentless atheism, with tion. The French Protestant budg- its destruction of all moral stand- et for Foreign Missions exceeds by ards, is Soviet Russia, where the £20,000 the budget for the home partial tolerance, for a time ac- churches. Those churches have corded to certain Evangelical taken over in a friendly way a bodies, has been withdrawn and number of the former London Mis- conditions have been imposed that sionary Society's stations in Mad- make it almost impossible for a re- agascar, the stations of the Ger- ligious community to worship at man Mission 'in the CameroQns, and all, and absolutely impossible for also maintain missions on the any evangelistic work to be done. Congo and in Cochin-China.

A "League of the Godless," formed At the present time the French to attack all religion, to. bring churches are confronted with a young people up in the starkest new and difficult problem in the atheism, and to scoff at all the migration of young men and wom- moral and spiritual standards en from agricultural areas to the created by the Christian faith, has growing industrial areas where enrolled in Soviet Russia alone better wages can be earned, and to more than a million members. But Paris and other cities. This means II this movement is not confined to that once flourishing and self-sup- Russia. In the new working class porting small churches are finding " I~ suburbs of Paris, for instance, it difficult to keep their heads above there are something like two mil- water, and that the migrating 571 572 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD [August young people find themselves for Evangelicals in Cuba and the other the most part without a Protestant Spanish-American Republics. In church within reasonable reach in the end the sessions had to be held their new settlement and exposed in a church hall that seated only to influences that may speedily lead 400, the remaining 300 having to to their being lost to the churches listen in other places to broadaltogether. This has led to meas- casted transmission by means of ures being taken to follow them up loud speakers. Rigorous censorin some way by a "Ministry of the ship of the press was exercised to Dispersion." "We must evangelize prevent even mention of the Conor perish" was the note struck at gress in the papers. The most libthe Biennial Synod of the Evangel- eral-minded Spaniards, and their ical Free Churches of France at number is growing, are hoping that in the new Constitution that Moncoutant. is being shaped there will be at Spain least some steps taken to give Evangelicals reasonable liberty of As compared with France, worship and evangelization. In where the Protestant churches suf- spite of all the difficulties, good fer no hindrances from the govern- work is being carried on by these ment and 'have equal rights with Spanish Evangelical Churches. the Roman Catholic Church, the Evangelicals of Spain carryon Belgium their mission of preaching and teaching a pure Gospel faith, in the The 10,000 or so Protestants, in face of bitter repressive activities. a population of 7,000,000, are, as Every obstacle "is put in the way of the million Protestants of France evangelists and colporteurs, and and the small minorities in other every pretext is used to stop their Roman Catholic countries, a very work, even fines and imprisonment worthy remnant. There are two are inflicted for alleged breaches sections of the Protestants. One, of regulations. Last September an the Union of the Evangelical Evangelical Congress was held at Churches of Belgium, receiving Barcelona, to which came delegates concurrent endowment from the from many countries, including State, is known as "The National Cuba, and other ex-Spanish coun- Church." The other, relying entries of Central and Southern tirely on the voluntary contribu- America. The delegates numbered tions of its members, supplemented 700, and there was no evangelical by contributions from Protestants church or hall in the city large where Protestants are in a much enough for the sessions to be held stronger position, is the Christian in. Application to the Governor of Missionary Church of Belgium. the Province and the city authori- The two Churches are on the best ties to hire a hall large enough was of terms, linked in a Federation, refused. And yet among the dele- and are united in missionary work gates were leading men of the ex- on the Belgian Congo. Spanish West Indian and American dominions, and there were Ita.ly petitions from those Republics asking that the same liberties should In Italy the Waldensian Church, be granted to Evangelical commu- with its long and noble history, is nities in Spain as are conceded to doing successful mission work, not only in the north, but in the south ings are held in farm buildings and of Italy and in Sicily. The Evan- often in «ottages. The people de- gelical Continental Society has for vour ravenously the Bible readings many years helped its work. The and the simple Gospel messages.

Italian Government gives full lib- They are for the most part so poor erty to the Protestant churches, that Mr. Bychinsky said few tasted and is not at all disposed to allow meat more than three or four times the schools to be captured by the a year. "We are prepared to suf- Vatican, in spite of the recent re- fer," he said, "as you suffered in storation of the nominal temporal past generatIOns, but we do need power of the Pope. and ask for your sympathy and Eastern Europe help. We are organizing a Church in which the Lutheran and Re- The German churches have be- formed sections are forgetting come a most important factor in their differences and uniting. We saving religion in the East of Eu- do ask that no attempt will be rope. They are alive to the need and made to come into our country t ,_ the opportunity and work with the with the intention of starting new Central European Bureau for In- divisive sects."

~r ter-Church Aid, of which Dr. Adolf Evangelical Continental Society Keller, of Geneva, is the untiring I and inspiring Director. An aston- In addition to its nearly eighty ishing spiritual revival is spread- years encouragement of Evangeli- ing like wildfire through the thirty cal Churches, the Evangelical Con- millions of Ukrainians in the new tinental Society is associated with Poland and in Soviet Russia. The the Central European Bureau and, revival began with Ukrainian pris- therefore, takes an active sympa- oners of war in German camps, thetic interest in the support of who came under the influence of Evangelical Churches in the whole the camp chaplains. On their re- of Europe. The Society, by its turn they began to preach and read booklets, has already done much the Scriptures, with results such to inform the minds and enlist the as those that followed the preach- sympathy of British Evangelicals ings and readings of Wiclif's in the concerns of the Continental "Poor Preachers" and the preach- Churches. It acts as a bureau of ers sent out by Luther. Dr. Zoeck- information and has given much ler, of Stanislaw, Poland, who has information asked for by corre- much of the evangelistic and or- spondents with regard to English- 0j( ganizing genius of John Wesley, speaking services on the Continent, I has built up at Stanislaw a great Protestant educational institutions .1 institution for spiritual training and the like. Its committee and I I and benevolel'lt work. council include leaders of most of Mr. Bychinsky, of Lemberg, Po- the Evangelical Free Churches and land, has proved to be a tireless Evangelicals of the Church of Eng- and capable organizer of the com- land. It aims solely at assisting the munities being created by the con- indigenous historic churches of the verts of the Revival. The country Continent, with no thought of pros- ~ j, people flock to the meetings from elytising in the interest of any '.' the whole district around. Meet- British denomination. BY THE REV. CH. MERLE D'AUBIGNE, D.D.

President, SociIJU Oentrale Evang{;/ique, Paris T HE conditions in which we conviction that our duty and our are pursuing our work in privilege is to bring the Gospel of France are rapidly changing. Jesus to our people. And it is be- In fact we have seen since the War, ing brought to them, deliberately in the spiritual and religious realm, and perseveringly, by our general a complete transformation. The evangelistic agencies: the Societe materialistic and agnostic philos- Centrale EvangeIique, the Cause, ophy, which, with Taine and Re- the McAll Mission as well as by the nan, had reigned supreme during various home mission committees fifty years, has been replaced by working in connection with our re- another infinitely more respectful gional Synods and Presbyteries.

of the tenets of the Christian faith In our Reformed Evangelical and mindful of the spiritual nature Church a great deal of attention of man. The Roman Catholic has been given to the deepening of Church, which had lost its hold on the spiritual life among our mem- the mass of the French people, is bers and to a more devout appre- developing a remarkable activity ciation of the Sacrament of the in all spheres of human enterprise: Lord's Supper. An effort to raise social, political, scientific and more the minimum salary of all our pas- than all literary, and by the zeal of tors and evangelists from £70 to its priests, its work among the £104 a year, has been the means of young, its schools and colleges, its increasing considerably the Iiber- mISSIOns and "retreats," the ality of our people, but has weighed strengthening of its sacramental heavily upon the finances of all our action, it is endeavoring and has, churches and societies. It is en- in a great measure, succeeded in couraging to note that, in spite of retrieving the losses it had made the very low amount of these emol- during the last half century. The uments, the number of young men working classes and peasantry are who are offering themselves for the still generally indifferent or hostile, ministry is steadily increasing.

but the well-to-do and educated are Not for many years have we had being won back rapidly to the in- as many fresh theological students fluence of the Church. entering our colleges: 17 in Mont- This change of atmosphere is pellier, 13 in Paris, 12 in Stras- naturally affecting our own work. burg. Our Paris Missionary Col- The days are past when mass move- lege has been transformed, our ments towards Protestantism took future missionaries will henceforth I place among the Roman Catholic be prepared in our Divinity Halls population and ex-priests sought and after graduation will spend a admittance into our Reformed min- year at the Missionary House for j istry. Our propaganda has to special training. J adapt itself to the new conditions Our Paris Missionary Society in I, and our enrolment of converts has spite of grievous financial difficul- to be made one by one. But there ties, is going ahead in its nine fields is no wavering among us of the of work in Africa, Madagascar and 574 I~ • the Pacific Islands, and is contem- son to be thankful for the spirit of plating a forward move'in Soudan enterprise manifested in our vari- from Senegal. ous schemes, and we are hopeful On the whole, and notwithstand- for the future of the Lord's work ing our deficiencies, we have rea- in our fair land of France.

.'" HELP FOR EUROPEAN CHURCHES BY THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE BUREAU .- ~. T HE Central Bureau for Re- tide over a temporary shortage of lief was instituted in 1922 as food and clothing. About 200 the- the relief agency of Protest- ological students were enabled to ant churches for helping their sis- finish the studies that poverty ter churches in Europe which were would have compelled them to stricken by the War and its after- abandon, and a new ministry is effects. Up to the close of 1928, being built up for the religious life the American office raised $637,- of the Continent. Promising evan- 382. The European churches col- gelical movements in various parts lected $301,024 during the same of Eastern Europe have received period. The American office took support. The reconstruction of the $62,500 as its goal for the year French Protestant churches de- 1929, and went over the top, re- stroyed by shell-fire was completed.

ceiving $62,922.71, in spite of the Above all, a bond of sympathy has current financial depression. been created between the churches tI A far greater achievement, how- here and those abroad, which has ever, lies in what this sum accom- greatly increased their sense of plished. During the years 1923 world-wide Protestant solidarity.

and 1924 the bureau kept hundreds After an earnest plea by the .,. of pastors and religious workers European churches at an interna- from actual starvation. More than tional conference at Basle, Switzer- 75 Protestant orphanages and old land, in August, 1929, the Ameri- peoples' homes were saved from can Executive Committee voted to having to close their doors. More continue for another five years.

than a hundred others received The Bureau looks toward an an- grants which enabled them to make nual goal of $50,000, or a total of absolutely necessary repairs or to $250,000 for the five-year period.

JOHN H. HILL, MISSIONARY AND EDUCATOR BY E. J. CODY, NEW YORK T HIS year marks the centenni- fellow men, and if any land ever al of the Episcopal Mission to needed help it was the Greece of Greece. Missions are usually that day. Ground under the heel of sent to those to whom the Gospel is Turkish oppression for four cen- II unknown and obviously it has been turies, the urge of a free people known in Greece since the time of for their rights culminated in the Christ; but there is still another Seven Years War and continued Christian duty, that of aiding our until the combined fleets of Eng-

land, Russia and France destroyed on July 18, 1831, they opened the the Turco-Egyptian fleet. During doors of their own home in Athens the struggle, the sympathy of the to all poor children of the city.

entire civilized world was aroused, Four years later their daily at- and men like Dr. S. Howe, of tendance had risen to over 750 America, and Lord Byron, of Eng- pupils. That their work was ap- land, together with Philhellenes preciated is shown by the manner from many other countries, enlist- in which the parents rushed to the ed in the Greek army and many of defense of the school when several them gave their lives while in its influential papers attacked them service. for teaching religion. These peo- Peace was declared in 1829, and ple, high in governmental, adminis- many governments aided Greece in trative and commercial circles, her efforts to achieve self govern- quickly defeated this attack, but it ment and economic independence. served to bring the good work of With a knowledge of the needs of Dr. Hill to the notice of the Gov- these people and a belief that ernment.

Christians were more responsible The Hills had been content up for the welfare of their fellow men to this time to teach all those who than governments, the Board of the came to their doors, but a peculiar Protestant Epi~copal Missionary combination of circumstances de- Society appointed the Rev. John veloped which resulted in Dr. Hill Henry Hi)J, D.D., LL.D., as mis- introducing and establishing mod- sionary to Greece. Although born ern education in Greece. Kapodis- in England, he was educated in this trias headed the Government at country, both at Columbia College that time and had little sympathy and the Theological Seminary at with education. He had been Alexandria, Virginia. Shortly after trained at the Russian court and his ordination he married. Sail- believed that educated masses were ing from Boston, they landed at too inflammable and had too much Syra, one of the islands of the tendency to revolt, so he took no Grecian archipelago, Dec. 7, 1830. steps to supply the badly needed The conditions they found were ap- schools until public opinion defi- palling. Poverty, misery, ignor- nitely forced him. When con- ance and superstition were on fronted with this necessity, he de- every hand. Schools and churches cided to import several Bavarian had been prohibited by the TurkIsh educators, having been impressed Government and the amount of il- by their autocratic attitude and literacy was matched only by the contempt for the peasant class. The perverted religious tradition which superior bearing of these men al- resulted from the attempt of the ienated the students, while their Turks to graft Mohammedanism methods and discipline eventually on the Greek Christian faith of caused an open rebellion. This re- the people. volt of the students was so strongly The Hills spent several months supported by the people that the inspecting their new territory and system was abolished.

in analyzing the needs of the peo- Mystoxides, the Minister of Edu- ple. They decided that more could cation, knowing the position of be accomplished by educating chil- esteem and affection in which Dr.

dren than in any other manner, so Hill was held by all classes, finally

JOHN H. HILL, MISSIONARY AND EDUCATOR

asked him to open a teacher's col- at long intervals. His few remain- lege where native Greeks might fit ing relatives still smile when they themselves to fill positions in the remember his embarrassment at various schools and universities having to relearn English upon which were being established. Dr. his arrival. In the school and in Hill agreed on the condition that their own household the Hills used he was to select half of the pupils the Greek tongue. In 1869, he re- for the school and defray half of signed as active head of the school, -.1' _ the expense, the Government bear- feeling that his advanced age un- ing the remainder of the cost and fitted him for further efficient selecting the other pupils. Mys- direction, turning the school over toxides agreed to this and the new to Miss Bessie Masson, his wife's school was opened. Due to the small niece. He remained on the adviso- number of teachers available, only ry board, however, until his death twenty-five students were admitted on July 1, 1882.

the first year. As time went on this He was buried in the mission class became larger and after an cemetary at Athens at public ex- intensive course in pedagogic meth- pense, with the honors of a Grand ods, the graduates gradually filled Commander, before a °great crowd the various schools and universities of people representing every class of the country. This class con- of society. The city council of tinued until the various schools Athens voted to erect a monument were able to train their own pupils commemorating his services with as teachers. the love and gratitude of the Demos In 1835, the many weary months of Athens, an honor never before of overwork and nerve strain accorded to anyone. Two years threatened Mrs. Hill with a nerv- later, in 1884, Mrs. Hill joined her ous breakdown and she returned husband in his last rest.

to America for a rest. On the day A century has elapsed since the she sailed, King Otho wrote, ex- foundation of this school and thou- pressing his pleasure and grati- sands of children have passed into tude for her work and conferred on its doors to emerge as cultured her a gold medal as a lasting token women. Not only in Greece but of his appreciation. Dr. Hill ar- all up and down the Mediterra- dently desired to accompany and nean, Greek women living far from care for her on that long trip, but Athens send their daughters to it.

his work in connection with the That the high cultural, intellec- '(0 newly opened school held him in tual and spiritual level Dr. Hill Greece. Mrs. Hill arrived in the visioned lives after him is shown United States in the summer of by a letter from the Honorable C.

1835. Under the care of friends Gondicas, Minister of Education she quickly recovered, held numer- and Religion, dated December 18, ous conferences with other educa- 1928, wherein he writes: "I am tors, and by appeals to friends and glad to tell you that the Hill School others interested in the work be- is very wellknown to this Ministry ing done, was able to return to as one of the best schools in !I Greece with several thousand dol- Qreece; as much for its regular lars for further improvements. and efficient work, as for the really Dr. Hill remained in Greece all great services which it has rend- his life, coming to this country only ered to female education."

2

PEACEFULLY ON THE

BY THE REV. GEORGE H. TRULL Secretary oj the Presbyterian Board oj Foreign Missions, New York· .t MID wars and rumors of wars, America. Yet this is war-torn, f l charges and counter-charges distraught China!

of General Yen Hsi Shan and Quite probably, lurking in or be- of President Chiang Kai Shek, I yond the hills I see, there may be am sailing peacefully up the Yang- roving bands of bandits. A man tze toward Hankow, China's Pitts- was kidnapped during the week burgh or smoky mill city. On the within 13 miles of Nanking. As I left is the fading outline of beau- walked along the streets of Soo- tiful Purple Mountain, sloping chow three days ago, my com- gracefully 1,300 feet skyward back panion pointed out to me a poster of Nanking. On the right is a level that was still wet with the paste plain in the foreground, green to that attached it to the pillar. "Do the very rivet's edge with growing you see that character?" he said.

reeds. A few cattle are grazing in I looked and saw. It was as strange the distance. Back of them are to my foreign eyes as any other of trees and rising ground. A house the many thousands of written here and there, or a collection of characters our Chinese friends use them in a small village, peeks out for the conveyance of ide a s.

in the landscape. Back of them on "Well," said my friend, "That char- an elevation of the foothills I see a acter means 'man.' It is placed temple, and on beyond a pagoda upside down and that means a 'lost rises from the top of a higher hill man' or a man who is out of place.

as protection from evil for the He has probably been kidnapped dwellers in village and countryside. and this poster relates to him."

Against the sky, in the background Yesterday evening's paper records of this picture there rises a range the fact that two days ago in of higher hills or lower mountain Shanghai, Mr. Tong Tzezeu, one of peaks in graceful undulation. Their the compradores (highly paid and sides are not bare and barren, as I trusted employee) of the Bank of had expected to see all of China's Communications, was kidnapped mountains, but clad from base to by a band of four armed men as summit with verdure. They are he was leaving his front door for not completely forested it is true, his office and was about to enter but neither are their slopes barren his private automobile at the curb.

and sunbaked. The range parallels The chauffeur was shot in the the river and over it are resting shoulder as he attempted to aid his banks of stationary clouds – the employer. The bandits put Mr.

whole an area of quietness and Tong into his own car and drove peace in the countryside such as is away before bystanders realized found in many a spot of our own what was happening. This was • Mr. Trull is visiting the missions In Asia. before office hours in the morning. His "Travel Letters" are so interesting that we At five p. m. Mr. Tong's car was wish they could be printed in full. Space found on Ping Tsi Lee Road in the limits, however, permit us to cite only a few French Concession, but he was not portions. We hope to give extracts from other letters in subsequent issues.-EDITOR.

578 ,.,..t.

in it. The technique reads like that steam past the danger zone of " of American bandits making off South China.

with bank deposits or registered A friend who made a visit to the mail pouches. The Shanghai police missions some time ago, traveling are investigating the case. westward, told me that by the time Monday morning Chinese sol- he reached Canton he looked at diers arrested two armed robbers things with a glassy stare. Impres- in the act of holding up a shroff sions failed to register. We have .( . (business agent) aboard a Shang- come eastward to Canton and be- hai-Hangchow train as it was pass- yond, a longer route, and we no ing through Lunghwa Station, longer feel for the camera when a about half an hour out of Shang- donkey appears on the sidewalk, hai. We were over this line last nor exclaim with surprise when his week and we noticed that when the hoarse and strange bray rends the conductor passed through the train still air. We do still thrill, how- to collect tickets, four soldiers ac- ever, at the sight of a Chinese junk companied him. Such a procedure on river or canal with its broad ,. on the Philadelphia and Reading picturesque sails set to the breeze, Express or. the Santa Fe Chief and at the beauty of the camel would be regarded by the pas- back bridges over canals with sengers as a bit unusual. But in gently rising steps from either end China "there's a reason," and no to the middle, shaped underneath one questions the logic of it. to a semi-circular arch from the Further south on the coast below two banks. We rej oice, too, in the , Hongkong dwell the descendants, curved lines of the Chinese roofs, I as far as trade is concerned, of the their figured decorations and their buccaneers of the old Spanish color tones. China has for us a Main. They are men of a different charm peculiarly its own, and is race from those who roamed the registering impressions on mem- Caribbean Sea years ago, but they ory which we trust may linger with are akin to them in purpose, dar- us long.

ing and adventure. They have Our boat to Hankow, six hun- terrorized small coastal shipping, dred miles up the Yangtze from f' the countryside, and up the Pearl Shanghai, the "Kutwo," is a com- River to Canton and beyond. They fortable river craft, with large boast that some day they will board sleeping cabins, a combined dining a large liner, pilot it to one of their room and lounge, wide decks with lairs and strip it of such booty as steamer and other comfortable they want. This seems an idle chairs in which to recline and en- threat, however. The intelligent joy relexation as the eye rests on among the pirates, who alone might the changing scenery. I was told stage such a performance, know that the trip to Hankow was one well that wealthy travellers carry of the most restful in China, and their money in checks and not cash, the first few hours of the experience ., and that booty in a liner's hold is supports this claim. It is differ- too bulky to remove quickly and ent from another boat trip that we I could not be readily handled or con- have had along China's shores and verted into coin. So let world I would recommend this one as travelers and others on the liners others have to me.

rest easy on their pillows as they Yesterday my host pointed out "

to me on a map the region in which cause of a motive. All honor to he and the other evangelistic mis- our heralds of the News! sionaries at Nanking itinerate. It The scheduled time for the upis their country field. Miss Jane river boat to leave Nanking for Hyde is out there now. He showed Hankow is six a. m. and inquiries me the two points between which of the line's agents confirmed this she was t r a vel i n g yesterday. report. Folks told us that boats "What is the mode of conveyance?" often do not get away until noon I asked. "Wheelbarrow or don- or later. Who wants to take the key's back" was the reply. Neither chance, however, when a set itinis as restful as my present trip on erary up-country is dependent on the "Kutwo." There is no other the steamer? Why not phone the way, however, by which to go dock before getting up and find out through some parts of the country when the "Kutwo" will arrive? field in China today, unless one There are three objections to so walks or is carried in a sedan chair. sensible a thing; there is no tele- Roads are being constructed in and phone in the home where you are near the large cities for use by staying; there is no connection in motor cars, and within the next the office of the steamer on the hulk few years thousands of miles of of a discarded boat tied to the river highways will connect all parts of bank; the office on said hulk opens China with one another. This era at nine a. m. of wide roads is just beginning, In the circumstances, would you however. .For centuries one of the rise early and go down to the dock most traveled highways in China, on the supposition that the "Kutwo" hundreds of miles long, was but might be waiting there for you, or twenty-seven inches wide, sufficient would you roll over and take anfor chair bearers to walk on. It other nap? Well, we rose early has now been widened part of the and drove nearly six miles to the way for the use of the automobile. river. We reached the dock at Perhaps in no other land than 6: 30 a. m., as we knew the boat China will one see today so many would hardly leave within half an different modes of transportation hour if she should chance to arrive and travel, the most primitive in on time. We boarded the hulk alcontrast with the most modern. ready mentioned. No benches were For years to come there will be in sight. An iron capstan or two many a hamlet far removed from were visible but not inviting, so we train, steamer or highway. Into looked in the cabin windows and these places, as well as into the saw the desks and chairs of the large centers, will still go the mes- company's office. An obliging emsengers of good tidings of salva- ployee, who we discovered was a tion, as they are now going and as member of one of our churches, they have gone since the beginning told us we might use the office for of the missionary enterprise in writing purposes. So we brought China. Miss Hyde and other evan- our portable into action. About gelistic missionaries think little of ten o'clock, smoke on the eastern the discomfort of a wheelbarrow horizon indicated the approach of or of a donkey's back. They use the "Kutwo." There was quite a them as means for a message be- bit of loading to be done, and by

SAILING PEACEFULLY ON THE YANGTZE

a 2: 15 p. m. she loosed her moorings the former, the deposit of the coffin and set her prow up-river for on the ground might be only tem- Hankow. porary location, until removal to Impressions of China's Millions the permanent tomb. In locating the proper spot for the final rest- Massed multitudes, living and ing place, the soothsayer is ordi- dead! This is one of the very dis- narily consulted by the supersti- tinct impressions of my first days tious. He also advises as to the on Chinese soil. It is one thing to lucky day for the final rites. If a read the figures 400,000,000; it is person dies far from the ancestral another to come in direct contact home and there is a family burial .' with this vast multitude of human plot, effort will be made by his sur- beings, a fourth of the human race. vivors to place his body with the .., THE BOA'l' POPULA'l'ION AT CANTON Many times 400,000,000 have fin- ancestors even though it may be ished their struggle for existence. years before this is accomplished.

In the fields, on the hillsides every- Regard for ancestors is one of where, one sees mounds covering the characteristics of the Chinese.

the mortal remains of the dead. In It is a worthy trait, serving often- parts of China it is not the custom times as a restraint from evil doing to inter, but to place the coffins on and as an incentive to good. Chil- the top of the ground. We saw dren are early taught filial piety them there without any cover and they respect old age. The dead .' whatever, the lids deteriorating are not forgotten by the living. In from the effects of the weather. many cases, there is evidently fear . (, Some have a covering of straw as to what the departed may do if matting; on others earth is heaped their spirits are not properly re- . , i- or there is a brick covering or a spected; but mingled with this is I" stone or concrete mausoleum. In also filial regard and a deep feeling the latter cases, these were the final of unity with those who have gone resting places of the departed. In on before. I was in South China

in early April when people visit the roadway, he is surrounded by a graves, bringing food and paper curious yet friendly throng who money. They burn the money so simply stare, evidently wondering that the souls of the departed may why the stranger stops instead of have in the spirit world provision proceeding. There must be some for existence there. Incense is also cause, so "Let's stop too and find burned as an offering, and a paper out," reasons the bystander. If streamer, attached to a stick, or a you are inclined to shop, the entire branch of a willow tree, is stuck neighborhood of the store is inter- into the ground to keep away evil ested. Some brass locks attracted spirits. The significance of these my attention one day as I walked rites doubtless differs with the in- down a narrow street. The fact dividuals engaging in them. Com- that I was interested in locks mon to all is belief in the existence aroused the interest of passersby of the departed in the spirit world in me, as a possible purchaser. So and a desire to pay tribute to them. they stopped to watch the for- Among the boat population of eigner negotiate a purchase of Canton I saw willow branches at- about thirty cents value. They tached to the bows of most of the wanted to see my selection and sampans, "slipper" boats and junks hear the bargaining. One at- as tribute to the ancestors whose tracted another and soon there was bodies rest not under any mound quite a group in front of the shop on land but beneath the waters of opening on the street, blocking the the river. sidewalk. A Chinese might have It wa~ my first sight of the boat bought that lock without attract- dwellers on the river at Canton, ing notice, but for the foreigner to thousands huddled together like do it caused a traffic jam. If New sardines in a tin, that gave me a York's majority resident popula- novel impression of China's massed tion were black-haired, yellow- multitudes. I have seen large skinned, with almond-shaped black crowds on shore many a time. But eyes, they too would linger for a never before have I seen little "sight see" of a barbarian with "slipper" boats, about four feet light hair, white skin, and round j wide by fifteen or twenty feet long, blue eyes buying radio material ~ some bigger, crowded side by side from a sidewalk store on Cortlandt t in one great mass. The breadth of Street. Human nature is about the life for these river folk is well same whether in Canton, China, or I typified by the size of their craft. Canton, Ohio. It is not a man's They are born, live and die within race but his human nature that j cramped quarters. Life to them is makes him curious and eager to meager in its content. Years spent see the strange and novel. I was j within eighty square feet of space looking for what was to me strange is a narrow range for existence. and novel in China. The Chinese I On shore, there are also multi- were looking at what was to them tudes, swarming in and out of the strange and novel, myself. We J narrow streets, dodging rickshas, were therefore both alike. The …. heavily laden drays pulled by men, only difference was that there hap- .,J carriages, automobiles, buses and pened to be more of them than of trucks. If a foreigner stops, even me, and so they jammed the street for a moment, on the sidewalk or in front of the shop.

AND THE CHINESE

BY T. A. BISSON Research Department of the Foreign Policy AS80ciation T HE question has been re- to China were in default, and while . peatedly raised in recent China still lacked a stable govern- months why various groups ment to underwrite the new issues.

in the United States that should be The attitude prevailing in Americooperating whole-heartedly to- can business circles was officially ward relief of the Chinese famine sanctioned by the report of a Red are quite evidently working at Cross delegation that visited China cross purposes. The American during the summer of 1929. Acting people have not been deaf to the on this report, the central commit- call for relief; well over $1,000,- tee of the American Red Cross in 000 has been contributed in the September, 1929, decided against last two years. But the appeal has entering upon famine relief. not been unanimous, and the re- The positions adopted by these sponse has therefore not been ade- influential groups in the United quate to the need. Mr. Grover States rest upon three contentions: Clark, former editor of the Peking 1. That the famine is not a natural Leader, recently returned from the calamity but the result of internal famine district, has estimated that political dissensions; 2. That the at least 5,000,000 people have al- existing political disorder renders ready died as a direct result of this relief aid from the outside ineffec- famine in northwest China, and tive and impracticable; 3. That that at least another 2,000,000 will foreign aid in relief work lessens be dead before the next crops come the sense of responsibility of the in. In other words, before the fam- Chinese for dealing with the famine is ended it will have killed more ine problem. than half as many people as the The answer to the first of these World War killed in Europe. Why contentions is unequivocal. For has there been no effective nation- three consecutive growing seasons wide mobilization of the resources very small crops or no crops at all of the United States on a scale suf- have been harvested in China's ficient to meet this need? vast northwest, owing to the scar- It is no secret that those who are city of rainfall. Mr. Grover Clark genuinely interested in relieving writes: the situation in China have found This long continued drought is the it impossible to stir the controlling basic cause of the famine …… Milibusiness interests of the United tary disturbances, incidental to the States into activity. A number of quarreling of the various chieftains American banking firms have been for self-preservation or power, unapproached with the proposition of questionably contributed to the sever- ity of the effects of the drought. But setting up a Chinese credit for the they were not the primary cause-as purchase of food supplies. These is sufficiently demonstrated by the fact firms replied that they could not that, while military disturbances have assume the responsibility for new been considerably worse in the Yangcredits while previous loans made tze valley and southern China than i~ 583

the north, there has been no famine rent and future income of the governthere because there has been no ment which floated the loan. This drought. loan, made by the present Govern- ment, was therefore definitely more The second contention-that po- of a sacrifice for relief than anything litical disorder renders relief aid which the Government did in 1920-21. from the outside impracticable-is contradicted by the experience of In other words, the Chinese, 'both the China International Famine as private citizens and governmentally, Relief Commission, unquestionably have shown in this famine a much the ablest and most experienced greater sense of responsibility for body now dealing with famine pre- meeting the relief needs of their own vention and relief in China. In a people than they did in the last big statement issued November 6,1929, famine. the executive committee of this organization stated: This statement was penned be- fore the catastrophe of the past In its actual administration of re- winter had occurred. The most conclusive proof that relief from lief, the China International Famine the outside can be effectively ad- ministered has been afforded in the Relief Commission has received the past three months. At the request of the Federal Council of Churches, cooperation of the Chinese authorities the Foreign Missions Conference and the National Christian Counto the fullest' extent. In spite of the cil of China, a campaign for $2,- 000,000 has been conducted in the disturbed conditions, the relief work United States. Since February 1, 1930, the China Famine Relief has has gone forward without interference cabled $525,000 to the National Christian Council of China, which by bandits or others. The total losses is supervising the administration of funds. In May food was being even indirectly chargeable to the dis- distributed in twenty-two counties on the Shensi plateau. Seed beans turbed conditions have amounted to to the amount of 300 tons have also been delivered into Shensi for less than Mex. $800 (Gold $400) in a planting. This relief has been ad- ministered despite the fighting that total of relief supplies and money dis- has been taking place in the neigh- boring provinces. The military tributed of over Mex. $2,000,000 (Gold and civil 'authorities in north China have cooperated to the utmost; $1,000,000). ' and no seizures by bandits or sol- diers have occurred. The third contention:-that foreign aid lessens the sense of re- The campaign of the China Fam- ine Relief has demonstrated withsponsibility of the Chinese-is also out possibility of cavil the praccontroverted in the November ticability of relief. It is time for statement of the China Interna- the creation of a unanimity of tional Famine Relief Commission. public opinion in the United States This body states that the Chinese that will meet the basic challenge have taken presented by the Chinese famine.

proportionately and actually a much larger share in the relief work during this present famine than they did in the famine of 1920-1921. The nongovernmental Chinese gifts so far in the present famine have been nearly twice the total from the same source in 1920-21, even though the period of the famine appeal has not been so long …… Relief supplies were moved without charge on government railways, and all taxes were remitted on such materials. The famine relief loan of 1929 did directly affect cur-

IS CHANGING INDIA?

BY DELAVAN L. PIERSON TRAVEL LETTER No.5, PART 2 * T HE medical arm of missions helping to transform Indian homes is another great force that is by teaching sanitation, the laws of transformingIndia and chang- health, the care of children, and ing the Indian attitude ,toward the prevention of diseases. It is Christ. We visited eleven mission difficult up-hill work, but there are hospitals and dispensaries, besides a spirit and power in the minis- a number of leper asylums and tries of healing that have done some government hospitals and In- much to break down prejudice, dian medical institutioIlS. There open homes and open hearts.

was a great contrast in staffs and Practically all the mission hos- equipment from those with most pitals employ Christian catechists modern buildings, electric lights and Bible women to work among and appliances, and a full quota of the patients. Those who come to doctors and nurses, to the hospitals the dispensaries and clinics hear housed in old unsanitary buildings, the Gospel and carry away Chris- using oil lamps, makeshift appara- tian tracts and Gospel portions.

tus and very limited' staff. It Many doctors and nurses-would seemed evident, how~ver, that effi- that it were true of all-do per- ciency was not dependent on the sonal work among the patients in quantity or quality: of the equip- the hospitals and villages, hold ment. Bible classes, and seek to win to In one city, where the mission Christ those whose hearts have hospital has mud floors, poor light- ?een made tender through suffer- ing, and much improvised appara- mg and sympathetic help. From tus, the government hospital has Ambala, we went with Dr. Eliza- more beds, better equipment, elec- beth Lewis and a Biblewoman, to tric lights and a larger staff. The hold a Gospel meeting in a neigh- mission hospital charges fees for boring village. How attentively operations anq medicines, while the women and children listened to service and medicines at the gov- the story of the Great Physician ernment hospital are free. Not- who heals the soul as wen as the withstanding this contrast, the body!

mission hospital had more patients A wonderful medical missionary last year than was shown in the center has been built up at Vellore, report of the government institu- Arcot District, where Dr. Ida tion. There is the plus of sym- Scudder has been enabled to estab- pathy, loving care, and the Spirit !ish a hospital, a training school of Christ shown by the missiona- for nurses, and a medical college ries that the patients have learned for women. From this center, she to value even more than medicine and her fellow doctors go out week- and free beds. ly to minister healing to villages Christian medical work is also for seventy miles around.

Work for lepers is also carried • On account of pressure upon the space in on .at sixty-eight mission centers, the Home Mission Number in July. only the beSIdes that conducted by doctors first part of Mr. Pierson's Travel Letter No. in their regular practice. This is 5 was published in that issue. The second section is now given herewith.

585

a wonderful Christian object les- The homes for untainted chilson. Formerly, these poor unfor- dren show what can be done to tunates were considered cursed by prevent the spread of leprosy, and the gods and were left to suffer many of these children become and die. Today, thousands are Christian workers. The medical tenderly cared for and are given and the rescue work are helping new hope for a cu~t:!, or find in to change India-and the change Christ the joy and life that leprosy is needed. Men must learn how to treat their wives with consideracannot touch.

DR. IDA SCUDDER AND NURSES AT VELLORE HOSPITAL READY TO GO ON A VISIT TO THE DISTRICT TOWNS As we passed through the leper tion; women must learn that ward at Naini, we saw an old man babies should not be quieted with whose disfigured face was trans- opiates; that children should not figured by the light of Christ as be married; and all sorely need· to he answered our question in regard learn that cleanliness and sexual to his health: "I am well, thank purity promote health of body and "

God, but my wife is suffering." In soul.

reality his body was racked with There are some able Indian phy- t·.

pain and fever, but his heart wassicians and surgeons, like Dr.

at rest. Mittra Das of Moga, and the need

WHAT IS CHANGING INDIA?

for Christian hospitals will doubt- forward and the work of Christian ". less decrease; but there will al- pastors, colporteurs and Bible- ways be a need for the physician women built up the Church of and nurse who minister to both Christ.

body and soul-for the life that "Why do you come to a Chris- now is and for that which is, to tian college rather than go to a come. free government college," I asked There are many other Christian a group of non-Christian students.

forces at work to transform India "Because we find a greater char- -the industrial, agricultural, and acter-building influence here," was other vocational work teaching the the reply. "What are the most dignity of all manual labor and helpful influences you find in this that self-support, character build- college that might be lacking else- ing and usefulness go hand in where?" "Higher moral standards, hand. The distribution of Scrip- better companions, Bible study, ture portions and Christian litera- college chapel services, Christ, the ture carries the Gospel to those on influence of Christian masters in railway trains, in bazaars, and in the hostels," were some of the re- J! villages where living witnesses plies.

would not be welcome. At Kedgaon This means personal ministry, we saw an elderly missionary lady, and it would be difficult to estimate seventy-five years of age, who the amount of work done or the daily visits the railway station as results of such testimony at melas, each train comes in, distributing in district work, in bazaars, in tracts and Gospels. "A verse may connection with church work, and find him who a sermon flees." in the visits to homes by zenana "What do you consider the great- workers and others.

est force for bringing the people of One thing obviously troubled India to Christ," I asked a group many mlssIOnaries and Indian of Indian Christians, including Christians-the fact that when pastors and teachers. "The per- cuts to budgets are found neces- sonal testimony of Christians sary, the evangelistic work is the whose lives commend their words," first and greatest sufferer. The was the answer. This will no large institutions, with their ex- doubt be found to have been the pensive buildings, regular staff most fruitful source of conversions and students or patients, can be in the past. Some have been con- closed only with great difficu1ty verted through reading the Bible and loss. It does not seem so dam- or Christian books, and many have aging to dismiss a few pastors or been attracted to Christ by the other mission agents, or to reduce healing ministries of physicians. their salaries. But the missiona- Great numbers of children have ries feel it, and many contribute received Christian education, but from their meagre salaries to pre- the preaching of the Word of God vent such loss.

in sermon or in personal testimony Those who preach the full and has been most fruitful-according vital Gospel in India have exerted to these Indian Christian brethren. an untold influence in transform- " It has been through this method ing the ideas of India's masses, that the "mass movements" in In- establishing family life on a new dian villages have been carried basis, and building up the Church

of Christ in cities and villages. During our ten weeks tour in But the concensus of Christian India, we learned many things- opinion in India seems to be that including the danger of general the hope for a new India lies in conclusions. We visited the work the proper training of the children of over sixteen denominations and in the way of Christ. This was the societies, from the Salvation Army belief of Pandita Ramabai, who to the Anglican High Church, and gathered thousands of girls into we listened carefully to many di- her home at Kedgaon. Many of verse views of missionaries and these have gone out to teach else- Indian Christians. Some questions where and to establish Christian were raised and some convictions homes. Today, this work is con- expressed that should be shared tinued by the Christian and Mis- with the Church at home.

sionary Alliance, and 600 girls are 1. Adequate equipment and fi- trained in the doctrines of Christ nancial support are important to and in methods of self support. our missionaries at the front, but One of the most impressive spiritual fruitage is not in propor- sights in India is the Christian tion to physical equipment or even village of 400 children and youth- to the size of the staff. The spir- girls rescued from temple service itual equipment of each worker is and boys from the life of the the one great essential for spiritual theatre. In this clean and beauti- results. Therefore the careful se- ful village, the children learn to lection of workers is more impor- know and love Christ as their Sav- tant than the filling of vacancies. , /; iour and Lord. 2. The one great objective in all The "Place of Heavenly Health" Christian mission work is the is on the outskirts of this village, bringing of individuals to Christ ministered to by Christian phy- and their training for intelligent sicians and nurses. Here many and consecrated life and service.

come for the healing of the body The physical, the intellectual, the and find new life for the soul. But industrial and the social work are the center of the village is the important, but unless the personal "House of Prayer," and at the cen- relation of the individual is kept ter of the life in all its departments first, the work which Christ com- is God. Prayer is the natural and missioned us to do is not done- constant means of access to Him. for this life or for eternity.

Between the care of body and of 3. There is great danger in over- soul comes the school for the train- emphasizing institutional work- ing of the mind; but here too God, hospitals, schools, colleges, and in- as revealed in Christ, is the center dustrial work-and allowing them of all stUdy. As a result, beauty to absorb too large a proportion of and joy and health abound. What time, men and money. The Indian a contrast to the sordid, limited Church could not maintain them, life of the ordinary Indian village and too many foreign institutions and to the degrading religious in- develop tasks and habits which un- fluences of a Hindu mela or tem- fit the Indians for their normal "

pIe! If the coming generations of life. '1 India can be brought to know and 4. The study of science, history, follow Christ, India will be economics, psychology and com- changed indeed. parative religion may be and is

important, but for the work of fields and work that cannot be Christ these must be subordinate properly carried on.

to the "Word of God." It is only Second, greater unity; the drop- as we see God in all His works and ping of denominational titles and take His revealed Word as of su- differences and the formation of a preme authority that we become Church of Christ in India.

s t ron g, intelligent Christians. Third, greater spirituality; the "They know God; they know their more widespread adoption of the Bible; and they know man's great- Ashram idea with 'its development est need is for Christ and His sal- of prayer life, Bible study and vation," said an intelligent Indian meditation, sacrificial service, and Christian railway official to me on the spirit of brotherhood.

commending the work of a certain 6. All Christian workers, Indian missionary group. and foreign, need to stress and 5. There is danger lest we feel keep in the foreground the essen- such sympathy with Indians who tial unity of Christ's Church and -j are persecuted for Christ's sake, the oneness of His work. A caste that we fear to urge upon them spirit has been perpetuated in the the necessity of open confession Church in India-at least in some and of following Him at any cost. sections-and this has also sepa- "There would be no Christian rated foreign and Indian Chris- Church in India today," said an tians. Many Indian Christians ex- Indian pastor to me, "if the Chris- pressed the hope that the Church of Christ might soon be one both tian missionaries and early con- in spirit and in name. This can verts had been as hesitant as some only be brought about as the fol- are today to accept persecution and lowers of Christ sink their differ- privation as the lot of the convert ences and draw closer to Him. from Islam or Hinduism." Many believers in Christ are today try- 7. Through all these convictions ing to satisfy themselves by being and hopes runs the need for a greater dependence on God and a "secret disciples." more constant vital fellowship with Him through prayer. The most a "Why cannot I be a follower of precious times of fellowship with mIssIOnaries and with Indian Christ and remain Hindu?" said Christians were times of prayer; a student to me. For answer he but too often the air seemed to be was pointed to the words of Christ so charged with executive duties, about discipleship, ,persecution, committees, business, social amen- separation and confession. Christ ities or other occupations that no must answer such inquirers if they are to be satisfied.

A prominent Indian Christian, time was left for quiet, vital an ardent nationalist and believer prayer. When we realize that we in a Church in India independent cannot change India but that God of foreign control, in answer to the can, we will be more dependent on question: "What would you In- Him and less on money, men, or- dians recommend as the program ganizations and equipment. for the Church in such an event?" India is changing. But He who said: wrought miracles in the past is Fir s t, greater concentration working today. Our confidence is rather than diffusion; giving up in Him.

RURAL CHURCH

BY THE REV. WARREN H. WILSON, D.D.

Director, Town and Country Department, Presbyterian Churl!h in the U. S . ..t.

I HAVE found the study of the are administered now by the Insti- country church a lesson in re- tute of Social and Religious Re- ligion as a whole; it has com- search. ThOey discover solid ground pelled me to view the world as no of fact for our understanding of previous studies did. In this I am rural processes. Before these sur- sure I speak for the men who have veys we argued and differed hope- served the Protestant denomina- lessly, but by their findings, with tions in the United States as Di- the data supplied in other research rectors of Country Church Work. likewise directed by Dean Bailey, We have found ourselves in an in- we know about country life at home ternational and in a religious the- and abroad facts vital to the ater with a spectacle before our church. This research is only in its eyes wider than America, and as beginnings, but the prosecuting of long as time. Now the country it is a wholesome experience. It church in America has begun to puts rural religion in an intellectual influence Foreign Missions. The form, and curiously the result is reason is the same; that the Amer- inspiring, its effect on the mind is ican country church for the past optimistic. Instead of adding to twenty-two years has been con- the discouragements of those who ceived of as an economic-social in- love the country church, research stitution. This conception we owe has stiffened their backs and glad- to President Roosevelt in the later dened their faces. The contribu- years he spent in the White House. tions of the Institute, through Dr.

He received it from Sir Horace Edmund DeS. Brunner as Editor ..

Plunkett, the Irish agrarian re- and as Director, are of priceless ' former, and he, I suppose, from the value to the country pastors and Danes. Dean Liberty Hyde Bailey, to the board secretarieso of Cornell College of Agriculture, The third effect of the country was the mouthpiece of this group. church as a volunteer for world President Kenyon L. Butterfield, service is seen in the discussion of now visiting foreign mission sta- rural missions at the Jerusalem tions in this interest, representing Conference in Holy Week, 1928.

foreign mission conferences, has That discussion had American lead- been for years the best exponent of ers. It enabled the representatives the economic-social religious doc- of mission lands to acquire in a trine; which goes under the title week what American leaders have "The Rural Church." slowly learned in two decades. This Social surveys of rural popula- learning is stated in Volume VI of tions were begun in 1909 by my- the Report of the Conferenceo self, under the impUlse of Dean Briefly it is this: That there are, Bailey, using methods of Professor as Dr. Thomas Jesse Jones says, Giddings in Columbia and Profes- "five essentials of civilization."

sor Henderson in Chicago Univer- To put it otherwise, benevolent and sities. These were continued in the Christian people can give freely Interchurch World Movement and and without fear in five directions; 590 or to restate it, religion works safe- The greatest country church ly in five channels – education, movement was in Scotland 87 years health, play and beauty, agricul- ago when in the Free Church, new- ture, and home making. To help ly separated from the establish- people in these ways does not make ment, a "Sustentation Fund" was them mendicants. In the United established to secure to the rural States we have learned to call these pastors a minimum living. From five the essentials of "the country this experience is descended church program." Every confer- through many changes the plan by ence on the country church assents which every pastor in the Church to them, and they are found in of Scotland is to receive at least every book on the country church, $2,000 and a house, and the author- including the textbook by Father ity of the whole Church is used to O'Hara, the Roman Catholic repre- secure it for him. This plan is sentative of rural churches. called "Maintenance of the Min- The fourth influence of the rural istry." Many of the Free Churches church upon .large affairs is the of western Europe are administer- l recognition of a distinction be- ing their work upon plans of this tween "old work" and "new work" character. A Central Fund suited on a mission field. The boards sup- to the maintenance of the country port pastors and they send mis- church is the key to the plan, and sionaries, but until the rural its operation is so designed as to '~ church was understood we saw no maintain scattered rural congrega- distinction. Until the past twenty tions and churches among the poor years missions were "out West" or in the downtown and congested "abroad"; but now it is evident parts of the city.

that nearly all the activities of our Another service of the rural churches "at home" and some of church in large affairs is its use- those "abroad" are expended in the fulness as basis of national church support of pastors. The recogni- policies. In the union of the " tion of this fact that the boards churches of Canada the reasons for are attaining the likeness of cen- union were found in the condition tral funds came from country of country churches. When the church experience. The Free Scotch were inclined to unite the Churches in European countries Free and State churches they found base their administration upon a their reasons in the condition of Central Fund for the securing to small town and rural communities, pastors of a living; they also do so that the country church fur- mission work in new territory, and nishes an exhibit and a laboratory for the very poor. suitable to the understanding of The country church demands national religious problems.

therefore of our denominations These are some of the impacts that they support their pastors up- of the rural church on large affairs.

on a minimum wage through an I wish to confess that I went into i administration district from the the service of the country church work of missions. This will relieve without any foresight of its im- the boards of missions at home portance. Indeed, I accepted as- and abroad of that whole cluster signment to "The Church and of troubles that go by the name of Country Life," at Charles L.

"self-support." Thompson's request, reluctantly. I

did not expect to find this humble countryman is a sort of egotism of and "decadent!' institution, a wise revolt, his ideals are stated in terms mother, or a sophisticated teacher of persons because he relishes of world interests; but that is just every salty detail of independence, what I found, and so have the other where all are enslaved to the local men who form the "rural sociologi- society. Jacob was an individual cal group" among scholars and ad- because he successfully outwitted ministrators. Isaac and shrewdly deceived La- What is the rural church in it- ban, but he had to plan a getaway self? It is an exacting institution; each time he was thus independent it must have a resident pastor. But and to go at peril of his life. The rural congregations in all lands, same personal bondage prevails in except those in Western Europe, all rustic societies in all lands; it are commanded to get on with an is only in cities that persons are absentee preacher. Now country really free for daily self expression.

people are in all lands skeptical of This is the reason, a bunch of words, they value the deed. They reasons, why the rural church re- are pragmatical and utilitarian, to quires a resident pastor. The coun- the degree of drabness. The com- try people need to see a minister of monplace and common sense are God perform the vital acts of Chris- exalted to a genius in rural China tian living in their social medium.

and dusky Africa, and no less on He and his family are their reli- the prairies of America. Hamlin gious demonstration. A pastor is Garland, an artist, recoiled from the show case of the Sermon on the the mud and manure of the farm- Mount, but an itinerant preacher is yards of the middle West, and just an advertising sheet of the stated his revolt in "Main Traveled Gospel to be glanced at, admired Roads." Just because he was an and dismissed. The "demonstra- artist, he could not endure them tion method" is essential to agri- and they could not interest him. cultural progress, so that at home This is the reason for the captious and abroad the rural church awaits parody "East is East and West is the resident pastor as an agent of West; but the Middle West is ter- solid religious growth.

rible." The meaning of it for the In rural churches religion is a rural church is that it requires a matter of universal concern. One ministry of the deed, the pastor of the first revelations in our sur- must live there, and must perform veys twenty years ago was that in their medium of mud and ma- churches in a community side by chinery and chores lest he and his side share the same fate. They are Gospel be but lightly regarded. characterized by a common set of It must be a personal ministry. causes. I had expected to find one Country people are said to be in- church by competition getting the dividualists. Really they are the better of the other. A study showed most socialized of men. Every ac- that in a given community all the tion is stereotyped; every opinion churches "are handled alike." The is standardized; every change is concept of the "larger parish"

resisted because it requires painful grows out of this discovery, it in- adjustments of organic society, in cludes an area of land with a social which country people are imbedded. population dwelling on it, rather So that the individualism of the than a selected list of confessing

THE RURAL CHURCH VOLUNTEERS

members. The minister's task is eludes. For instance, it includes bound not by assent to doctrines the organization of play and recre- but by neighborhood association. ation with their correlated devel- In the Larger Parish religion is a opment of things of beauty, but it public matter, not a private hope. omits all mention of the relation of It is an experience of the popula- the church to government and law.

tion, not a special privilege. So It is curious that with the tendency our Lord ministered to the people of American Protestant churches of his time, making no distinction of the present time to advise the between good and bad. He had no legislatures in the making of law, preference for the saints. and with the tendency of foreign The Larger Parish has been ac- missionaries to commend those of cepted by the Protestant churches their number who are advisers of in this country and it is advocated government or of rulers, the J eru- by the Roman Catholic. It is not salem Conference should have the same as the old coup.try parish omitted the mention of all civic and t ., of an established church, though legalistic activities of a church. It II the comparison has truth; but it was not surprising that the dele- is a program, a direction of energy, gates at Jerusalem included in the a limitation put upon the work of program of a pastor activities in the pastor and his people. It is re- the way of recreation and play. The ligion for all the people. whole experience of the Y. M. C.

None but a resident pastor can A. and the Y. W. C. A. is ripely be a minister of a Larger Parish, harvested in that doctrine that the indeed the exactions of this work church should promote play.

upon the minister are extreme. I But the program includes also would go so far as to say that none the improvement of health, that is, but a gentleman and a man of good medical missions; the promotion breeding can be pastor of a Larger of education, which involves reli- Parish. If a man is unable to in- gious education and all suitable terpret Christianity gently and work in schools and colleges.

)',1 peaceably he cannot so serve. If The program includes also the he is contentious, or if his wife is promotion of better agriculture.

fond of gossip, if he can be caught Here is the weakest point in our in a feud or a neighborhood brawl, church program, and this is the he cannot be the pastor of a Larger most exacting requirement ,.of the Parish. He must in such case be country church. If we were.to tell confined in his ministry to a de- what country pastors do well and nominational and sectarian work to stop at·that point we would omit where contentions and oppositions agricultural missions. But we are are possible. commanded by the wisest minds to Is it not obvious that I spoke include agriculture in concerns of truth when I said that the country the church, and for twenty years church is an exacting institution? at least the country churches in Now permit me to say that the pro- America have been teaching and { gram of the rural church endorsed praying for the spiritual influence by the Jerusalem Conference is the that will sanctify the soil. "The mature fruit of years of religious Holy Earth" is a book written by and social work. It is as notable Dean Bailey about twenty years for what it omits as for what it in- ago; the phrase is like seed planted 3 594 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD [August in the mind of every rural pastor market to pay his taxes and keep at home and abroad. Until the his land. If he retains his land then Christian religion can make the our churches among the Pimas will farmer a better farmer, indeed an be retained, but if he loses his land adequate farmer, contented, indus- our churches will be destroyed be- trious and productive, it has not cause the Indians will be scattered.

evangelized the world up to the This is a great missionary, agricul- measure of its power. tural project, so great that one Yet we have over 100 agricul- trembles for its success.

tural missionaries and their num- A little instance is the develop- ber is increasing in the foreign ment of a handful of mountaineers field. Not all of them, though the in a remote valley to whom a wom- most, are clear eyed and aware of an, Miss Mary Jane Rankin, came their duty to consecrate the soil and twenty years ago as a missionary.

the skill of their people on the land She taught them to pray for a crop to the Lord. In this country are in the spring and give thanks for a many more, among the rural pas- harvest in the fall, and she has tors and the missionaries on the kept them contented and made frontier; put their number cannot them fairly well to do by prayer, easily be stated, for many a man with a good deal of common sense who seems to have no farmers' in- and agricultural science thrown in.

stitute manners is doing a potent However it is done, the ultimate work in the homely task of agri- victory of the country church de- cultural missions. There are great pends upon land ownership, sci- instances. I visited last month the entific treatment of the soil, and a Pima Indians in Arizona. They competent agricultural skill such have always been agricultural and as will bring an income in the mar- never military, except in defending kets of the world. This is just as their soil which they have held true in Africa or in China as it is against Indians and white men for in America. The changes are com- many hundreds of years. Now the mon over the whole world. The Gila River has been dammed in markets are international. The their interest and its waters may food supply and the supply of raw be used for irrigating these ancient materials for the world are now farmlands now owned by the In- soon to be one. The markets are dians in severalty. The huge task coordinated. The price in one mar- rests upon·our missionaries there, ket affects that in another from Drs. Lay, Ellis and Walker, of Shanghai to Baltimore. But the teaching these. Indians the white local situation is always sufficiently man's technique, of selling to them unique, and the minister, to pro- the white man's machinery, and vide the local motives for those borrowing for them the white who at great toil cultivate the land, man's money that they may quickly is a necessary guide to agricultural learn to earn enough, so that they success.

may retain the ownership of their There is a utilitarian appearance land; for just as soon as the water about the country church program.

runs over the Coolidge Dam the It appears as though the church in land of the Indian will be taxed to the country was just a place in pay for it, and just so soon he must which men learn how to prosper.

earn enough in the white man's I daresay that some people believe

"EVERY DAY IN EVERY WAY"

this, especially those who look on administration of religion in the and read what I have said and what country. Indeed, I would go so far has been written even in Volume as to say that I believe only those VI of the Jerusalem Report. But who can worship can possess the in experience it is not so. The land. church cannot be measured by its usefulness, and in fact these toil- I think that our eager evangel- some expressions of religion in the izing by itinerant preachers can- way of schools maintained, play- not long maintain a country church. grounds and hospitals adminis- It is an institution too exacting and tered, agricultural demonstrations too important to be made a stop- wisely timed and placed, are all in- ping place of a wandering preach- finitely wearisome. The church is er. There must be a pastor, and to be something more than a util- he must have a program by which ity, or it is a failure. To state it his religion will be interpreted to briefly, the country church must all in the community and shared be a place for worship of God; and alike by all, pagan and professor, worship is not a utility. There is sinner and saint. And this church nothing pragmatical about it. You must swiftly turn from confessing cannot find what it is good for; or the gains of Christianity to offer- if you do discover uses of worship ing its tributes to God in worship. they are minor and accidental. Among country people it is neces- Worship is an offering to God. sary quickly to connect the proc- Now the wisest churches in the esses of life with God Almighty. country are offering the opportu- If the business of tilling the soil is nity for worship as a means of rest done for human gains it is soon and renewal.of the soul. Of course abandoned. The only motive for there are many kinds of worship, the toilsome and sacrificial life of not all of them are beautiful or or- the tiller of the soil is a religious nate, but all are serious and fear- motive, and the ends of it must be ful. They all have awe and loveli- an offering to God and a tribute to ness with much to appeal to the God. The highest form of this worshiper. It is my conviction that tribute is in the solemn worship in the worship of God goes 'With the the house of God.

"EVERY DAY IN EVERY WAY"

BY FRANCES L. GARSIDE, Y. W. C. A., New York EVERY day in every way, the This means contentment, good world is growing better and health, happiness, and progress. . better as a place in which to There remain in some manufactur- live, to work, to play, and to enjoy. ing towns in the United States There are people in spots who will huge buildings falling into decay.

deny it, for they are not looking There are few windows; the loca- ( over the edge of the spot called tion is bleak; there are no signs their home town. Those who look that there were ever any sanitary over, and back over the road the conveniences. These were the world has come, know better. Im- work places where our forebears provements are particularly no- earned a precarious living.

ticeable in working conditions. Today, factory buildings are

large and airy; there are many years, but they show that the gains windows; a grassplot surrounds are steady. With much to be hoped the building with beds of flowers. for, much has already been done.

There are rest rooms, toilet con- Conditions are not as good in veniences, first aid hospitals, with other countries. In oriental coun- nurse and doctor in attendance. tries, girls work seven days a week, Of course, there are exceptions. ten and twelve hours a day, with There always will be, but the ma- only every other Sunday off.

jority are showing a steady im- Wages are poor. Since lack of op- provement. This is evidenced in portunity for gaining an education the reports made annually by a prevents promotion, the future is group of college girls who go forth hopeless for thousands of girls and from the Y. W. C. A. Center in women. In China, the girl begins Chicago every July to storm fac- earning her rice almost as soon as tories and mills, seeking employ- she can toddle. She is not born in ment at unskilled labor. This a mill, but she is literally brought might be called an adventure in up there, sleeping on rags at the human relations, for the sole ob- feet of the machines at which her ject of the girls who engage is that mother works, and being put to they may learn through living work herself as soon as she is tall them, the economic conditions enough to turn the cocoons in boil- which govern the working girl's ing water. Obviously, such a girl life. Only through understanding, has little chance for the education will they ever be able to help, and which will improve her condition, the desire to help others is the but she takes advantage of that foundation of the thinking of more little. Hundreds of girls through- of the girls of today than credited. out China work in mills all day These girls who forego pleasant long, and then hasten, Without sup- vacations to work in factories and per, to a class in the Y. W. C. A.

mills for six weeks in the hottest The difference a little learning part of the year are either grad- makes in one's chances are plainly (-, uates, or in the higher classes in apparent in Japan, where girls colleges and universities. They who earn their living are divided pack bacon, load and unload into three classes. Those with col- trucks, work in laundries, and do lege training who are doctors, law- whatever their hands find to do for yers, dentists; those with common six long weeks, living in stuffy school education who are clerks boarding houses, going without and stenographers, who work long any recreation since their incomes hours with insufficient pay; and (.

will permit none, and making their those without any learning who wages meet every demand. work longer hours at less pay.

The six weeks ended, they make But from everyone of the more a report of conditions as they than forty foreign lands in which found them, and as they lived the Y. W. C. A. is engaged this them. The girls going adventuring word comes: As more girls go in this fashion in the July of 1930 from home to earn their living, the are the tenth group so to engage. conditions under which they work, The reports may not show a great and the pay received for such improvement in two succeeding work, show marked improvement.

LUZZI'S

A work of extraonlinary character and value cessible to all by lowering its price and is nearing cOlllpletion in Professor Giovanni allowing the payment to be made by in- Lnzzi's translatIOn of the Bible into the Ital- stalments. The hour could not be more ian language in twelve volumes, plevell of favorable for our work than the pres- which have now been pubHshed. rrhe volumes ent is. The best men in the Govern- are beantifully printed, and we believe that ment not only do not oppose our the translation will rank among the notable undertaking but are in sympathy with Bible translations of history. 'l'he generosity it and encourage it. of that good friend of the Waldensian Church, and of many other enterprises, Mrs. John S. During the ast year, while I was Kennedy, of New York, has made this monu- completing my translation, I prepared mental work possible. 'l'he following extract a popular edition of the New Testa- from a recent letter of Professor Luzzi will ment with the Psalms. It will be is- interest our readers: Poschiavo, Grisons, Switzerland. May 13, 1930.· DEAR MRS. KENNEDY: You have received the twelfth vol- sued in a few weeks, and you will re- ume of our Bible. Only one volume is ceive the first copy of the volume as now yet wanting to complete the series soon as issued. It will be a magnifi- -the tenth, which I have left for the cent bound volume of about 1,700 last and which contains the Apocrypha. pages, in large print, with 92 plates, In this country especially, to leave the and sold under cost at a nominal price.

Apocrypha out of a translation of the We want it to be in the hands of the Bible would be a great mistake. On greatest number, and I have a plan, the other hand, the faithful transla- which I am sure you will approve of.

tion of it, accompanied by good notes As soon as this volume is ready, I and clear introductions, is more than shah make a present of five hundred sufficient to show a reader the enor- or a thousand copies to Premier Mus- mous distance that separates these solini to be distributed among the Apocrypha from the canonical books Directors of the Italian Communal of the Bible. You will be glad to hear Schools, who have charge of the re- that last week I was able to send the ligious instruction of the youth of printer in Florence the last pages of the country.

the manuscript of this volume also, You wiII not be surprised when I and that at about the end of June the tell you that my heart is full of grati- Apocrypha will be launched. tude toward God, who has so evidently Now that the work is practically helped me day after day from the finished, and even those who in the beginning to the end of my work; to- past had a very faint hope that such a ward you who have been so stead- colossal undertaking would ever be fastly at my right hand and have so completed need no longer fear. I am generously given me the means of receiving from all quarters letters of realizing my great ideal; and to- congratulation – from Protestants, ward my wife who has so persever- I, Roman Catholics, and Jews. They are ingly and beautifully typed my vol- all of one accord in acknowledging umes so that their correction in the ", that my work is done in a serene, im- proof sheets sent me by the printer partial spirit and in a scientific and at has always been easy and speedy. For the same time popular form. If I did twenty-five years have I been working not already know how far from the at this translation, and God has al- ideal my work still remains, all these lowed me to complete it on the fiftieth good people who are continually writ- year of my work in the ministry; for ing to me or publishing in the news- this is my jubilee year.

papers their praises and appreciation, With warmest regards, in which my would make me uplifted. wife joins, Meanwhile our Bible is being spread I remain, gratefully yours, abroad in Italy. We have made it ac- GIOVANNI LUZZI.

597 FIRST CHURCH CONFERENCE ON SOCIAL WORK BY AMELIA WYCKOFF Conference Secretary A NOTABLE event of the cur- methodology of the Episcopal rent year was the first Church and the Rev. Charles R. Church Conference on Social Zahniser, Lecturer on Interchurch Work which was held in Boston, Cooperation at Boston University, June 9-14, under the auspices of presenting a study on the social the Federal Council of the Churches programs of councils of churches.

of Christ in America with the At the Fellowship Dinner, Thurs- status of a Special Group of the day evening, the Rev. Russell H. National Conference of Social Stafford, pastor of Old South Work. A cable from Dr. Adolf Church, Boston, presiding, ad- Keller extended the greetings of dresses were given by Bishop the Geneva International Chris- Francis J. McConnell, President of tian Social Institute to the Church the Federal Council of Churches, Conference and hailed it as an im- and the Rt. Rev. Hugh L. Burleson, portant contribution to the inter- representing the Rt. Rev. James national cooperation of churches. DeWolf Perry, Presiding Bishop The Executive Committee of the of the Pro t est ant Episcopal Conference was authorized to make Church, who was detained by ill- contacts looking toward participa- ness. The venerable Father Gation in the new movement for an visk of St. John's Roman Catholic "International Conference of Prot- parish, Indianapolis, a former estant Social Work," a beginning President of the National Confer- of which is being made this year ence, was welcomed to the speaker's at the Inner Mission meeting at table and addressed the group in- Upsala, Sweden, in August. formally.

At this, the first meeting of the The program of the Conference Church Conference, several fellow- for the week centered mainly ship luncheon, afternoon and din- around the theme of the Church ner meetings were held jointly with and family adjustment. Professor the National Conference on Social Frank J. Bruno, of Washington Service of the Protestant Epis- University, St. Louis, speaking to copal Church, which has been meet- the ministers of Greater Boston at ing with the National Conference the Twentieth Century Club at the of Social Work for the past ten opening session, Monday, on the years. subject, "The Pastor's Use of Case The Wednesday joint luncheon Work Methods in Family Adjust- dealt with the better relating of ment," pointed out that motive dis- the various communions to social associated from skill may be among work, the Rev. Harold Holt, for- the most destructive of social merly of the Department of Chris- forces and that there is great adtian Social Service of The National vantage to the pastor in a knowl- Council of the Protestant Episcopal edge of techniques of social case Church, giving the experience and work; but he warned that such 598

FIRST CHURCH CONFERENCE ON SOCIAL WORK

technique developed to the neglect responsibility for social service of spiritual leadership was often work of various local and regional harmful. Thursday afternoon, the federations of church women.

Rev. M. R. Lovell, pastor of the Dr. Richard C. Cabot, of the Mount Pleasant Congregational Harvard Theological School, ad- Church, Washington, D. C., re- dressed a group of theological in- ported on the as yet unique work stitution representatives Tuesday of the Washington "Life Adjust- morning on the subject, "A Clinical ment Center," and Robert C. Dex- Year for Ministers," and Dr. Gay- ter, Ph.D., Secretary of the Depart- lord S. White, of Union Theological ment of Social Relations of the Seminary, New York, read the American Unitarian Association, study made by Dr. Albert Z. Mann, gave a preliminary report on a of Garrett Biblical Institute, study of the relation of ministers Evanston, IlL, on training in social to family life. Friday afternoon, work, offered in theological institu- the Rev. John Rathbone Oliver, tions and the methods employed.

M.D., of Baltimore, addressed a At the final organizational ses- large audience on "The Spiritual sion, it was voted to continue the Viewpoint in Social Work," and Conference under the direction of Miss Mary S. Brisley, Secretary of the Commission on the Church and the Church Mission of Help, Dio- Social Service of the Federal Coun- cese of Neow York, spoke on the cil and its constituent denomina- "Spiritual Values of the Family." tions; to create an Executive Com- Thursday noon, Professor Henry 'mittee of the Conference with W. Thurston presiding, Miss direct responsibility for its activi- Myrtle Louise Evans of the Meth- ties; to apply to the National Con- odist Orphans' Home Association, ference of Social Work for status St. Louis, addressed a group espe- as an "Associate Group"; to fix cially interested in child depend- membership dues at one dollar an- ency, on the subject of "Depend- nually; and to convene in Minne- ency of Children Resulting from apolis in 1931 a day or two in ad- Industrial Problems." She drew vance of the opening session of the upon a study of the cases coming National Conference.

under her own observation, result- There were 172 registrations at ing from industrial conditions this first Church Conference, rep- found in the area surrounding St. resenting the clergy, denomina- Louis. tional social service officials, execu- The Tuesday luncheon period tive secretaries and social workers /, was devoted to denominational sec- from councils of churches, repre- tionaI meetings. A large group at- sentatives from' federations of tended the Congregational section, church women, workers from where addresses were given by church institutions-especially or- Professor Graham Taylor, Miss phanages – professors of social Jane Addams and Dr. Hastings H. ethics in theological seminaries, Hart. Other sectional meetings and interested lay people. It is ( were those of the Universalist Gen- hoped that next year there may be eral Convention, Baptist (North- larger representation from these ern), and the National Council of various groups, and that headway Federated Church Women, with will be made on the objectives of representation from those having the Conference, which have been

stated by Dr. Worth M. Tippy, the operation between churches and Chairman, as follows: social agencies in communities; 5. To make religion a greater redemp- 1. To contribute to the development of tive force in all social work. scientific social work by the Protestant churches and councils It should also be said that the of churches of the United States; Conference was made possible by a contribution of $500 from Mr. 2. To bring church social workers Chester D. Pugsley, of Peekskill, together for acquaintance and New York, supplementing the staff discussion of common problems; organization of the Federal Coun- cil's Commission on the Church and 3. To bring to church social workers Social Service. Mr. Pugsley has the value of the discussions and generously pledged a s i mil a r associations of the National Con- amount for next year. ference of Social Work; 4. To develop understanding and co- A RIVAL OF CONFUCIUS BY REV. S. H. CHESTER, D.D., Montreat, North Carolina M OH-TI (sometimes written man, but what was the established Meh-tse) was a contempo- order. That was to be maintained rary and rival of Confu- at all costs and all disturbers of it cius. In the opinion of some he was were to be suppressed. much more of a sage than Confucius. Indeed, in some of his views Moh-ti, in his day, was called a and teachings he anticipated the radical because he repUdiated this highest political wisdom and moral form of conservatism. He created philosophy of this advanced stage a great stir and was beginning to of our Christian era. have a large following, until that other great conservative, a sort of Mankind may be described un- second Confucius named Mencius der the threefold classification of arose, and by denouncing Moh-ti conservatives, radicals and those as radical and revolutionary, sucwho keep to the middle of the road. ceeded in discrediting him and re- To which class anyone may be manding him to 2,000 years of assigned depends on the point of obscurity and forgetfulness. An view of the age and country in ancient Confuciun writer said which he lives. In China the great "Moh-ti was blocking up the way outstanding representative of con- of truth when Mencius refuted servatism is Confucius. He was him, and scattered his delusions perhaps the world's greatest cham- without difficulty." pion of the status quo and of the divine right of privilege. His doc- Some of his "delusions" have retrine of filial piety applied not only cently been brought to light. A to the relation of parents and chil- few of them sound as if they might dren, but to all existing classes and have been quoted from some of authorities, those below owing un- Woodrow Wilson's great state questioning deference and subordi- papers, in which he tried to bring nation to those above. The question for the first time into modern diwas not what was reasonable and plomacy the principles of the Gosright and fair as between man and pel of Christ. Think of a man 450 years before the Christian era

A RIVAL OF CONFUCIUS

speaking as he does about social Moh-ti also had an idea of God and international morality. which approaches that expressed What are the conditions really in the Old Testament. He uses harmful to a country? There are the common term "Heaven" in many aggressions of powerful states speaking of the Deity, but unques- against small; oppressions of the tionably he conceived of Heaven as poor by the wealthy, of the weak by the strong, of minorities by majori- a personal being, to whom he at- ties; contempt of the great for the tributes not only omniscence and humble; lack of good will on the part omnipresence, but also righteous- of governments; and the corruptions ness and love. He declared that of ministers. Heaven loves all and is good to all, and argued from this the duty of But princes bearing good will to- men to love one another. In read- ward their fellows would fight no ing some of his sayings on this more battles; heads of families, lov- ing others, would not bear grudges subject one wonders if he might against them; men would love their not have somehow come in touch neighbors and would neither steal nor do harm to them; officials and min- with Ezra and Nehemiah who were isters would be benevolent and loyal; his contemporaries in Palestine. fathers and sons with love between He nowhere inculcated in so many them would be governed by a filial words love to God (Heaven) and spirit; brothers, loving each other, love to one's neighbor as one's self, would find themselves in harmony and but he does recommend the prac- would be easily reconciled if there tice of those virtues of which only were a quarrel. Then, when there is such love could be the inspiration.

good will among men, the strong will "If," he says, "people regard the not harm the weak; majorities will property of other people as they not oppress minorities; the rich will do their own, who will steal? If not be arrogant toward the poor; the noble-born will not be contemptuous they regard other men as they do toward the man of humble birth; and themselves, who will rob? And the charlatan will not dupe the simple- if they regard other countries as minded …… Misery, injustice, jeal- they do their own, who will go to ousies, and hatred may be kept from war?" society by the practice of universal good will. Only a few years ago a Chinese scholar, hearing a missionary'~ When a man practices good will to- sermon, said to him : "You are ward others they respond by loving preaching the doctrines of Moh-ti.

him; when a man helps others, they Go read Mencius, the great advo- aid him; when a man does wrong by cate of Confucianism, by whom the others, they do wrong to him; when teachings of Moh-ti were refuted." a man hates others they reciprocate by hating him. Modern science and general en- lightenment and the leaven of the It sounds as if he might have Gospel of Christ are refuting the been reading by anticipation the materialistic and selfish philosophy 25th chapter of Matthew when he of life of Confucius and Mencius, says: "He who accepts the prin- and the teachings of Moh-ti are be- ( ciple of universal love, when he ing revived; and where they are sees his fellow man hungry he will received will not the way be made feed him; cold, he will clothe him; easier for the teaching of Chris- sick, he will nurse him; dead, he tianity which in some respects they will bury him." so closely resemble?

MISSIONARY SOCIETIES

CONFERENCE BY MR. H. W. PEET T HERE is perhaps no better foreign students in Great Britain. example of Christian unity Canon Tissington Tatlow, who without uniformity than the retired last year from his thirty Conference of British Missionary years' association with the Student Societies, the nineteenth gathering Christian Movement, gave a deeply of which was held at High Leigh, moving account of the perils and June 11-14. Practically every Prot- difficulties which beset most of the estant organization in the British 3,200 Oriental and African stu- Isles was represented among the dents in Britain; half of them to 130 delegates. As the Rev. W. W. be found in London. The women Cash, Secretary of the Church Mis- students found good friends, but sionary Society and the new Chair- most of the men suffered from des- man of the Standing Committee of perate loneliness. He knew one fine the Conference, said at the opening Indian student who during five session, "N0 single church has years in England never once had monopolized the creative life of the the opportunity of crossing the spirit of God. Christ will even in- threshold of an English home and [l dwell these people who will not this was typical. The Church shake hands with one another. should have a stricken conscience These facts make fellowship pos- that it has done so little for these sible." There is no reluctance of visitors. Special pleas were made Anglo-Catholic to shake hands with for a hostel for African students Baptist, or of Quakers "cutting" on the lines of the Indian Students Broad Churchmen or Methodists Hostel in Gower Street, London.

at Hoddesdon. Despite difficulties The initiation of a "Five Years all willingly work together for the Movement" of progress in China spread of the Kingdom. was outlined by Dr. Cheng Ching- The leading subjects before this Yi, Moderator of the Church of '.

year's Conference were Christian Christ in China, a union movement Literature in China and Africa, representing a third of the Protes- due to the realization that litera- tant community. He mentioned al- ture must today be a major and not so the sister "Kingdom of God a minor instrument in the work of Movement" in Japan, led by Mr.

the Church; the rural problem in Toyohiko Kagawa, the Christian India; the situation in South Afri- social reformer, and said that they ca; and the relation of govern- were looking forward to his per- ments and missions. Missionary sonal help to them in China next work at home also occupied atten- year. Dr. Cheng stressed the spe- tion, both from the point of view cial need of a literary campaign, of substituting a real knowledge for even among Chinese Christians among laymen of what missions 60 % are still illiterate. The neces- are really doing today, to supplant sity for literature for those who /'.

the "smoke room" versions as one are learning to read and the coor- speaker termed it, and the care of dination of existing literature 602 agencies in China were emphasized The hopeful signs are the move- by the Rev. C. E. Wilson, Secretary ment in the Dutch Reformed of the Baptist Missionary Society. Church and the J oint Council The same need of books in Afri- Movements of Natives and Euro- ca was dealt with by Miss Mar- peans."

garet Wrong, Secretary of the Reference was made by two International Committee for Chris- speakers to the situation in North- tian Literature in Africa. "The ern Nigeria, where for the past production of literature is not thirty years the Government has treated as seriously as the produc- allowed no Christian missionary tion of literates," she said. There work in a Moslem area. Mr. J. H.

is a growing feeling too, that it is Oldham, one of the Secretaries of not wise to make the New Testa- the International Missionary Coun- ment the chief school reader. Fur- cil, said that we must see that the ther, class books are needed in South African condition of affairs school, and other literature as well does not spread throughout Africa.

as the Bible are needed outside. On the contrary, if a right system, One tribe had for reading matter not based on domination were only the Gospel of Mark and a evolved for East Africa, it should small-pox handbook. The value of have a great effect in South Africa.

fiction must not be overlooked, both "The partnership of government in the vernacular and in English. and missions in Africa," Mr. Old- She had just heard from the Scot- ham said, "is working out defec- tish Mission Bookshop on the Gold tively. This is not due to govern- Coast that the novel most in de- ment but to the fact that the mand there was "The Sorrows of missions there have not a common Satan." mind. A boat won't go straight if Very outspoken criticism of con- rowed by an Oxford Blue and a ditions in South Africa, whence he preparatory school boy!"

had just returned, were made by Dr. Kenyon L. Butterfield, for- I, the Rev. W. J. Noble, of the Wes- mer President of the Michigan leyan Methodist Missionary Soci- State Agricultural College, who ety. "If we had tried to do in India has just returned from an exami- the things done in open day in nation into rural work in India South Africa," he said, "India said: "Much attention is being would have been running with given to rural reconstruction.

blood years ago. The new civiliza- Many Indians are keen on it, and tion which has crashed into the old work at Tagore's school is a valu- order of things there is substitut- able example of what may be done.

ing a worship of the dynamo for The government is doing what it the worship of the witch doctor and can, and the missions and the Y.

of the whiskey bottle for the beer M. C. A., which was the pioneer, calabash. The Christian Church are carefully considering pro- must stand for the sacred right of grams. Education, however, tends personality, irrespective of color. to make the student look away { A sinister situation is developing from the village, while what is in consequence of legislation wanted is rural leadership.

founded on fear. The Church must The Conference devoted a large protest, but it must not seek to part of one session to prayer for gain a victory over white or black. India in the present crisis. Unemployment method of gathering the unemploy- Unemployment has become a serious ment census could not give a true picfactor in the maintenance of home and ture as a person who might have been foreign missionary work as well as in out of work for six months and had the support of many local churches had a casual job the day before he and other religious, educational and was enumerated, had been put down philanthropic agencies. One depart- on the employed list. Darwin J. Mesement store in New York is reported role, President of the National Unemto have dropped 600 employees and ployment League, declared, June 29, another has dropped 400. A luncheon that "estimates of unemployment figclub, maintained by one of the New ures in the United States today should York churches for employed young begin at 6,600,000." Such wide variawomen, reports that over 100 of its tions show the need of more accurate usual patrons have lost their positions information. But whatever the exact and are no longer able to pay even the figure may be, it is clear that the total cost price at which the luncheons are number of unemployed in the countryserved. One of the great milk com- at-large, including clerks, stenograpanies reports that its earnings have phers and all 'other persons on wages or decreased 30% because people are salaries, is distressingly large.

economizing as they have not econo- In 1921, Mr. Hoover, as Chairman mized hitherto. Fifty-four railroads of the President's Conference on Unreported in June that their earnings employment, said: had fallen off 32.8% because fewer There is no economic failure so terrible in its import as that 'of a country pospeople can afford to travel. Two hun- sessing a surplus of every necessity of dred corporations conducting a wide life in which numbers, willing and anx- variety of business report that their ious to work, are deprived of these neces- I• combined net profits for three months sities. It simply cannot be if our moral and economic system is to survive ….. . of this year showed a decline of $69,- What our people wish is the opportunity 000,000, or 19%. to earn their daily bread, and surely in Startling Figures a country with its warehouses bursting with surpluses of food, of clothing, with The Secretary of Commerce stated its mines capable of indefinite production June 26 that there were 2,298,588 un- of fuel, with sufficient housing for com- employed in the United States. Mr. fort and health, we possess the intelli- gence to find a solution. Without it our William Green, however, President of whole system is open to serious charges the American Federation of Labor, of failure.

stated that this was an underestimate These words are even more appIica- and that the inquiries of the Federa- ble today than when they were ,spok- .,1 tion showed that there were 3,600,000 en nine years ago. I men out of empIoyment, or 20% of the wage earners of the country, and that Proposed Remedies "this figure does not include office How the problem can be effectively '.' .. workers or farm laborers." The fig- dealt with is a perplexing question on ures of the Secretary of Commerce which experts differ. Senator Wag- were also challenged by Miss Frances ner of New York, has introduced three Perkins, State Industrial Commission- bills in Congress. The first provides er of New York, who said that the for the systematic planning of public 604

TOPIC OF THE TIMES

works by Federal Government, and the were present and three others, who means by which new construction may were unable to be present on account promptly be undertaken in periods of of illness, sent papers that were read.

increasing unemployment; the seeond The difficulties with which religious for the establishment of an efficient newspapers have to deal were frankly public employment service through stated and carefully discussed. Em- Federal State cooperation, with com- phasis was laid upon the importance petent management and adequate sup- of increasing the devotional element port; the third for the collection of in their columns. The following points more adequate information by the were suggested as essential to success- Federal Bureau of Labor Statistics ful editorship: as essential to plans for stabilization. The editor must be enthusiastic All three of these bills were passed about his job; sincere and not be side- by the Senate and favorably reported tracked from honest expression of his by the Judiciary Committee of the opinion; not take letters of criticism House, but not acted upon when Con- too seriously; keep smiling; read his own paper critically after two weeks; gress adjourned. compare his own paper with others. Hampered Missionary Work The findings included the following: Meantime, the situation has serious A new approach to the circulation job religious as well as industrial and so- involves getting away from the inferior- cial repercussions. Many people econo- ity complex. An educational campaign over a period mize first not on luxuries but on of at least five years, bringing before benevolences, and so the home and for- church members the value of having and eign missionary work of the churches reading the paper, is suggested. This is is sorely straitened. Some boards have to change the mental attitude toward the been forced to cut down their appro- church paper. priations ; others are making ends meet by leaving vacancies unfilled and To make an interesting paper demands an editor of intelligence, industry and technical skill.

postponing repairs and replacements A denominational paper must be a de- of antiquated buildings. Practically nominational paper. all are obliged to neglect opportunities for advance at a time when doors are To hold official support, give absolute loyalty to the denominational policies. Thus is secured freedom editorially.

open on every side and calls to go Everything depends upon the spirit of forward are urgent. It is not a time the editor. for discouragement, but for stronger Editing a religious paper does not in- volve keeping an eye on an advertising faith, renewed consecration and more page.

earnest prayer to the end that the It is a privilege and inspiration to be a part of building up a Christian con- ,. lines may be firmly held until a better science in the world. day dawns, as it surely will. "The come-back will be slow," the Secretary A. J. B.

of Commerce said June 28th, "but we Co~fere~ce for Outgoing Mis- SIOnarIeS can look for reasonable prosperity within the next year." A. J. B.

Among the few things which the Editors of Religious Press acting editor can 'remember with any degree of satisfaction in a secretarial Confer service of 34 years is his suggestion, in 1897, that the Presbyterian Board For several years the editors of the of Foreign Missions bring its newly religious weeklies of various denomi- appointed missionaries to the head- nations have been accustomed to meet quarters in New York for a conference for conference regarding their com- of eight or ten days. He had been mon problems. The conference this impressed by the fact that many new year was held April 29-30 in Wash- missionaries, particularly those for ington, D. C. Twenty-eight editors

the great mission fields in the Far feared its expense. However, they East, came from the middle and far- acquiesced in having the experiment western states and sailed from Pacific tried for one year, and the first concoast ports, so that no secretary or ference met in New York in June, member of the board ever saw them 1898. It was such an instant and before going to the field. As most of overwhelming success that no question the older missionaries arrived at San was ever afterward raised, and it be- Francisco on their furloughs and spent came an annual event in the Presbythem at or near their former homes, terian and other boards. Not least there were missionaries of a dozen or among its advantages has been the opmore years of service who had never portunity for a final physical check up met their board or its secretaries. by the medical examiners of the There were indeed some personal con- boards. More than once this has retacts. Whenever practicable, a given sulted in the. .discovery of defects candidate was interviewed by a secre- which the local medical examiners at tary, and farewell meetings were held the missionaries' homes had failed to for departing missionaries who sailed find, and which, if carried to the forfrom New York-or Boston. But such eign field, would have caused serious interviews and meetings were usually trouble. brief and seldom dealt with questions of missionary policies and methods. Union Conferences Candidates for medical and educational work, having received their training A few years ago, the question natin medical colleges and normal schools, urally arose why boards having headhad received no adequate instruction quarters in the same general region regarding missionary problems and should not hold these conferences in conditions, and some of the ordained common, inasmuch as most of the men had received little in their the- necessary subjects have no denominaological seminaries. They went out tional character, as the few subjects with a consecrated motive to give the that have such character could be Gospel to the unevangelized millions easily treated after the union conferin non-Christian lands, but they had no ence, and as there would be large value clear idea of how it was to be made in having missionaries of various deoperative. nominations meet one another, form friendships that would be prized by The First Conference them in later years, and see the. world- wide work of the whole Church from The result was that there were com- a common viewpoint. Union conferparatively few personal contacts be- ences were therefore inaugurated and tween the board and the missionaries have now become definitely established. under its care. Correspondence indeed The one this year was held in the fine was free and sympathetic, but it was new building-s of the Kennedy School usually between personal strang,ers. of Missions at Hartford, Connecticut, Young men and women not only went and was attended by the newly apto the foreign field without the special pointed missionaries of six denominainformation that they needed before tions-Baptist, Congregational, Episgoing but without that contact with copal, Methodist, Presbyterian and the supporting board and its policies Reformed. that would enable them to work in best relations with it. Enrollment was 175, of whom 140 were new missionaries. The finest pos- The proposal 'that this situation sible spirit of fellowship prevailed. should be met by bringing newly ap- The sessions were pervaded by a warm pointed missionaries to the board's devotional and evangelical feeling, and headquarters for eight or ten days of all felt they were on a mountaintop of special conference aroused some mis- spiritual experience never to be forgiving in the minds of the older sec- gotten by those who enjoyed them. retaries, who doubted its value and A.J. B.

ETHODS fOR

EDITED BY MRS. F. 1. JOHNSON, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York President of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions The whole matter of Negro slavery looms large in our home missionary study for 1930. With the younger ,groups the following may be used to advantage especially in connection with the study of Haiti and Santo Domingo.

AFRICA-THE CARIBBEANS bringing the story of Cleopatra, the woman of a black race, so beautiful, AND "U. s." however, that she "vamped" one of the noblest Romans of them all! Provide ADAPTED FROM A METHOD the girl with a picture of Cleopatra in By MISS CLEMENTINA BUTLER her gorgeous barge on the Nile. Our young people may not at first wish to consider the historic side. The To the second girl give the Queen following suggestions are for pro- of Sheba, also a black woman-who grams to capture their imagination took leap year privileges with Solomon.

f' and interest. Follow with more seri- Help her to bring the thought around ous study. to Abyssinia, where the royal family Africa is the continent of mystery. claims kinship, through this episode, Use the attraction of mystery in your to the House of Judah.

plans. Announce your first meeting No.2. Choose a girl with a pretty as a forum for discussion of current complexion and take the beads of to- questions. Pledge each participant to day back to the ancient Egyptians.

secrecy as to her topic but give it as Have her get from the library some much pUblicity as possible. book with pictures of the exquisite necklaces found on the mummies of Program ancient Egypt.

1. Two Famous Flappers. No.3. Let one of your girls look up the use of cosmetics and show that our 2. Beads and Necklaces. fancy of today goes back to ancient 3. Talcum Powder. days in Africa, but bring her down to 4. Length of Skirt. modern missions by providing her with a picture of an African widow 5. Solitaires. with her face .heavily coated with white as a badge of mourning. (For an older group add:) No.4. Take a girl with skirt six- 6. What Calendar? It teen inches from the ground. Find pictures of ancient Egyptians with 7. The Compass; Where Shall their knee-length skirts and also Zulu and Sulanese women with skirts any- Point? Materia Medica? where from ten to two inches-not 8. Jurisprudence? from the ground but from their Transportation? bodies! 9. "Mr. Rameses, Meet Mr. Moses." 10. Shall It Be the Crescent or the No.5. Bring in a girl who is en- gaged. Let her tell that the popular Star-the Spear or the Book? sign of the selection of the bride all over the modern world is the diamond 11. Was She Justified? Three 12. The Good Old Scout.

Scouts. For both groups use as a finish the Scout's Message.

Hints No. 1. Select two of the liveliest girls from the mines of the dark continent.

you know and give to one the task of Have her tell of the cost of the gem 607

in money and also in the girlhood of to secure elevation for her nation?

Africa. Ask the women and girls pres- What is the result today?* ent to show how many carry a bit of No. 11. Who was the first woman Africa on their hands. to be a foreign missionary? Drama- No.6. Discuss the present date of tize the princess of a great nation the world. For the Moslem the year stooping to save Moses-the child of is 1346; for the Jew, 5688; for the an alien race, of a slave-and giving Japanese, 2587; for the Byzantine, him a chance to learn "all the wisdom 7,436. of the Egyptians." Imagine the first lady of our land, in pre-Civil War Discuss the proposed new thirteen times, fishing a little Negro baby out months plan. Mention Turkish ac- of the Potomac and bringing him to ceptance of our calendar Anno Domini the White House for education and -the year of our Lord Jesus Christ. adoption! Business necessity brings this about. No. 12. The good old scout, the man No.7. Stores are giving away com- who gave himself to a continent-Dapasses. They are indispensable to vid Livingstone. On his grave in scouts. The Moslem compass points Westminster Abbey is the following, to Mecca. What shall be the spiritual taken from his dying words: "Blesscompass for Africa-Christ or Mo- ings on any man, true Christian or hammed? Turk, who will help to heal the open sore of the world." Use this as a speci- No.8. Under Jurisprudence show men of internationalism. Shall we our debt to Africa; modern laws as change it a little: "Blessings on any administered in our courts are based woman of any faith who gives herself on the laws of Moses. Or take Materia to the healing of the sin and suffering Medica. Give the daughter of a phy- and ignorance of those who know not sician this topic. Picture the danger our Christ." to the world of sleeping sickness imported from Africa. Bring in the sleeping sickness of Christians, as to HOW FINANCE BREAKFASTS the need. Or have a railroad man use HELP Transportation. Take the Cairo railroad; where does it touch mission By REV. HOMER L. GLECKLER stations? PafJtor of the First Methodist Episco- No.9. Find somebody with imagi- pal Church of Dodge City, Kansas nation to picture the meeting of Moses For the past two years we have em- with the great Pharaoh. Get a picture ployed the successful method to be of the mummy of Rameses as found described to raise finances needed for in the Boulak Museum and look into the support of the local budget and the face of the man who talked with for missions. A large factor of the Moses. success is simply a breakfast table. Here is the method of procedure: No. 10. Bring in a politician to study the crescent as a symbol of the Preparation world power. Bring a hammer to pic- 1. A strong finance committee of ) ture Charles Martell when Europe was seven representative men is selected. 1 threatened by the domination of Is- About them a group of thirty-fi,ve lam; a spear to symbolize African workers from the membership of the warfare; the book, the means to the official board and others is gathered. allegiance of her people. The workers are divided into three For women's meetings use the fol- • After the above was written a stranger lowing: Give out the topic "Eugen- camp to me saying that she was a missionary ics." Was the Queen of Sheba its first in Aintab in 1913 when the Queen of Abyssinia student ? Was she justified according came seeking a Christian wife for her son and to the morals of her time in her effort bringing a full trousseau, great trunks and bales. This modern Queen of Sheba found an Armenian girl who is now in the royal palace.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

companies, each company being tributed among the captains, care be- headed by a captain. (The selection ing exercised that each group of cards of the captains is most important.) represents about as great financial 2. The budget of the church, in- possibilities as the other.

cluding all the local needs and the 3. During the first morning's break- World Service askings, together with fast a careful statement is made by conference causes, is worked out by the chairman of finances or the pastor the finance committee and approved about the financial needs of the church, by the official board. The budget is the importance of doing the work of printed in detail in the church bulletin. setting up the finances at this par- 3. The date for the canvas, which ticular time, and of canvassing every is called "Loyalty Week," is set. This member of the church for both local should be at least a month in advance needs and for World Service. Oppor- of the first announcement. tunity is given for questions Each 4. Two letters are sent to every captain then places four or five cards member of the church. One is signed (a very limited number) of prospec- by the finance committee setting forth tive givers in the hands of each team, the needs of the church, calling atten- being careful to give out to the mem- tion to the dates of the canvass and bers of some other team than the one urging every member to be loyal to on which he works the names of each the church. The other signed by the worker present. All workers are pastor, calls attention to the fact that urged to make their pledges before the church has no other means of sup- starting out on the first day's work.

port except the voluntary gifts of the Prayer is then offered by the pastor.

people. He also urges the need of all All are asked to see the persons whose the people supporting, by direct con- cards have been given them and be tribution, the World Service work ready to report the work of the day which the church is pledged to carry at the breakfast the following morn- on. ing.

5. The name and address of each 4. As members of the team come in prospective giver is listed on a card. for the breakfast the following morn- This card is a subscription form card ing the captains assemble the reports for both the local budget and the and are ready to report the work of World Service. Subscribers may indi- the various companies according to cate their subscriptions on the card as the form in the accompanying chart.

being payable annually, monthly or (The chart accompanying this article weekly, but all persons are urged to is an exact copy of the results for the pay weekly. 1929 campaign.) 6. During all this period of prepa- 5. It is good to have a little friendly ration the pastor gives a series of Sun- competition between the companies.

day morning sermons on Christian We recognized the company whose re- stewardship. Opportunity is given for port at the end of the first day showed members of the congregation to sign up the best as "the bunch who brought Christian stewardship cards. home the bacon," so we presented The Breakfasts them with a pound of bacon. (The .bacon, by the way, was served at the >' 1. Arrangements are made with the next breakfast.) Another· day the· women of the church to serve break- company with the best report was fast in the church on four consecutive spoken of as "walking long and hard ·f mornings beginning on Monday of and wearing out the soles of their "Loyalty Week." Three tables are ar- shoes." This company was given a ranged-one for each captain and his pair of half soles. One day the com- company of workers. pany having the least to report was 2. Previous to the breakfast cards urged to "dig in"-and the men were of prospective givers have been dis- presented a shovel and pick. These 4

little incidents add to the enjoyment. decided to accept this singular invita- 6. Of course there is no report made tion and so, in the stormy atmosphere at the Monday breakfast, but on each of the Paris Commune, he began to of the following mornings the reports oppose the doctrine of social warfare are made and recorded on the black- and class hatred by preaching the gos- board. On Thursday morning all the pel of Christian love and brotherhood.

remaining cards of prospects are giv- It was at once a venture in faith and en out to the workers. The final re- an international experiment.

port is made at the meeting of the An Astonishing Growth official board Friday night. On this night we have been able to report the Planted in that hard soil, La Mis- l entire budget subscribed. sion Populaire (McAU Mission) has The success of the plan is deter- had an astonishing .growth. Today it mined to a large degree by these fea- includes thirty large Fraternites and tures: the steps of preparation made smaller halls, in twelve centers in Par- for the canvass; the good fellowship is and in fifteen other cities, from the among the workers at the breakfast factory towns of the north of France hours; not assigning too much to be to the Mediterranean, including done each day; and the fact of doing Amiens, Lille, Marseilles, Nantes, the work now and expecting a daily Nemours, Nice, Roubaix, Rouen, and report. St. Quentin. The work also includes Church Budget DODGE CITY, KANSAS Amount Needed-1929-30-$12,666,OO First Day &cond Day II Third Day 1_ Fourth ~_y_ 8S =.. ! ~ S! ~ 1=8S.. ! ~ ~ Is ~ ~ ~ i P:; I~: .. P:; i pd:;;i 8«I .. P:; pd:;;i I' i ip:; P:; P:; i~~ ~~E!<I ~i ~~~I~;~:J. I ~~~I~~f!< ~i Ii~~~1 ~~;:I. ~i !i 5i_~:$151_3.40li~~! 5i~1 $575,~~ _c_o_m_p_a_n_y_A_'_'_'I__ $916,601/1_51 49:$1064'601.1 __ _C_o_m_p_a_nY_B_'_",I__5j 341 12H7,1711_5i~I1477,82,1_5:–=:1 509,90,!_5i~_336,80 .'

Company C ••• 5, 62, 1740.40 I 51 53 1 1086,1611 1 51 22 629.04 51 46 1785.32:1 Totals •••••• 15! J28'$4541.57r15i 1401$3487.50I!/M: 124'$ 3359.32 11; I 151 63 $1541.51 I lI I I I , I Total No, Pledges, 455. Amount, $12,923,51.

HOW A VENTURE IN FRIENDSHIP the evangelization of river towns and IS BEING ACCOMPLISHED villages by means of chapel boats and On the night of August 18, 1871, of inland towns by means of portable an English clergyman, Dr. Robert W. halls and motor cars. In addition McAll, was distributing tracts along there are seven Vacation Colonies and the Boulevard de Belleville, in Paris, Bible Schools in the mountains and by J when he was challenged by a Com- the sea, to which children are sent j munard. during the summer months. An "Come," cried the radical working- enumeration of the activities carried ~ man, "come and preach to us a gospel on in the larger Fraternites would of reality and liberty." mount up to twenty-five or more or- Almost on the instant Dr. McAll ganizations in each.

/- 1930] METHODS FOR WORKERS

The Fraternite is a Christian social lines, a dozen or twenty ecclesiastical center, unique and comprehensive in units being represented in their mem- scope. It is a headquarters for reli- bership. For example, at the annual gious services, social gatherings, club meeting of the Buffalo McAll Auxil- meetings, medical clinics, and is al- iary, the roll call is a competition of ways a place where man, woman or representatives from various local child may find moral and spiritual help churches. The Delaware Avenue Bap- and wholesome recreation. It main- tist Church will be called by the Presi- tains recreation and club rooms in dent and perhaps twenty-five members Paris for younger working girls. will stand, the North Presbyterian Church perhaps thirty, and so on until The work of La Mission Populaire the roll call is completed and three is carried on in its entirety by the de- hundred women will have been on voted French people themselves. their feet as the delegates from a score of churches. America'.s Part Each auxiliary is a law unto itself The American McAll Association is as to its method of procedure. In an immediate outgrowth of extraor- some instances, it will be a monthly dinary circumstances, just as the meeting of the executive committee of founding of the McAll Mission in Par- the local auxiliary, supplemented by is was the unanticipated result of the public meetings alternate months and visit of the English clergyman, Dr. the Annual Meeting in May of all aux- McAll, to the French capital immedi- iliaries at which some distinguished ately after the Commune in 1871. outsider is asked to speak. The meth- ods of donations are either by indi- Six years later, Miss Elizabeth vidual representatives or by means of Rogers Beach of Andover Academy, grants from church budgets. Rum- went to Paris for the continuance of mage sales, lecture courses, musicals, her language studies. One day as she most attractive Christmas cards sold was walking home, feeling lonely and each year for the benefit of mission a bit homesick, she saw over the top orphans, social gatherings of one sort of the doorway of a small shop this or another, are successful ways of lettering: spreading interest and information to increase the treasury, as do life, hon- TO WORKINGMEN orary and other memberships.

Some English friends desire to speak to you of the love of Jesus Christ Entranl!e Free Her curiosity impelled her to enter Sewing and here she met Dr. and Mrs. McAll. During the War there were daily The next year she taught in the Mis- sewing meetings at which thousands sion. Miss Beach returned to the of garments were prepared for ship- United States, not to accept the Chair ment to help women and children. of Modern Language at Smith Col- Now two shipments each year are sent lege, but to go from city to city urging over through the courtesy of the Christian women to organize auxil- French Line on April first and October iaries to aid the work. Miss Beach met first. Patterns and finished samples an untimely death in a shipwreck two will be sent, on request, by Miss years later. But as the result of her Elizabeth Congdon. c/o Mrs. James C. earnest endeavors, the American McAll Colgate, 270 Park Avenue, New York Association was incorporated in 1883 City. .( and today counts some sixty auxil- Vacation Colonies iaries plus twenty young people's aux- I~ iliaries in cities reaching from Boston During the World War the Mission to Minneapolis and from Minneapolis purchased its first Vacation Colony to Washington. These auxiliaries are which cared for orphans. This was a organized 0 n interdenominational challenge to the young people of the

Protestant churches. The young peo- group wishing to plan a McAll pro- ple's groups are devising special plans gram. Movies showing the children for awakening interest in the new of the Mission in action and attrac- generation and in raising contribu- tively colored slides can be obtained tions for the Vacation Colonies, seven from Miss Elizabeth Congdon, Asso- in number: ciate Representative (Young People's Chateau de Coquereaumont, near Rouen. Activities), c/o Mrs. James C. Colgate, 270 Park Avenue, New York City. Bellevue, La Bernerie, in Brittany.

La Villa Bonne Humeur, Chatillon-sur- A program of friendship is carried Seine. out between the young people of France and the young people's auxil- Les Vallees, Fondettes, near Tours. iaries here. We welcome your letters La Rayee, Gerardmer, Vosges Mountains. to send across the sea. For informa- Stade Coligny, St. Quentin. tion concerning the work of the young Rayon de Solei!, Fresnes-l'Archeveque, in Normandy.

Interesting financial reports of these people's groups in all its phases re- Colonies in tabulated form come from quests should be addressed to Miss France – first, the amount in francs Congdon.

which the French Mission children American Students in Paris give for their own holiday; the pro- ceeds of their own fetes; that given Because American students in Paris by the parents and French Protestants, have shown such deep interest, the and the contributions from Protestants Junior Paris Auxiliary of the Amer- in England, Scotland, Canada, and ican McAll Association has been estab- America. lished with Mlle. J eann'e Merle d'Au- ( Each summer increasing hundreds bigne as liaison officer. Its object is of children anticipate their holiday. to interest young American visitors The Vacation Colonies are at the same and students in the social, religious i time Daily Vacation Bible Schools. and philanthropic work of La Mission They not only hold the children dur- Populaire, and to establish a closer re- ing the summer months, when other- lationship between the American and wise they would be left on the streets French young people.

of Paris and other crowded cities, but Mlle. Merle d'Aubigne, daughter of gain recruits for the Bible Schools, La Pasteur Henri Merle d'Aubigne Mission Girl Scouts, Y. W. C. A. Ca- and granddaughter of the noted dets, and the winter schools of the French historian, extends a cordial Mission. invitation to all visitors to call at her Young People's Auxiliaries headquarters, 46 Boulevard des In- valides, Paris Vll, France. She will Over twenty young people's auxil- arrange a tour of McAll stations and iaries are now organized in the United other points of interest in Paris, as States and increasingly the Protestant well as trips to certain of the Vacation denominational and interdenomina- Colonies. Mlle. Merle d' Aubigne is at tional groups are sponsoring and sup- home on Tuesdays after four o'clock.

porting the Vacation Colonies. She will make plans for special eve- These are some of the benefit meth- ning trips, for those who cannot go ~. i ods: garden parties, lectures, book during the afternoon, to La Bienvenue, &,j reviews, luncheons, coin calendars, de- Maison Verte, Salle Centrale, then partment store sales, rummage sales, through the picturesque Italie section J sale of old gold and silver, of French and ending with a visit to the Latin goods on commission, individual sales Quarter. '. of books, candy, jam, etc. Na.tional Children's Auxilia.ry Interesting programs are carried on • by these groups. Histories of the Va- AIM-Friendship. To interest the .. '

cation Colonies with attractive photo- American children in the French chil- graphs will be sent to any person or dren. To encourage our children who

/. 1930] METHODS FOR WORKERS

are friendly to love the children who 5. Youth is vitalized by its teachings.

are friendless. 6. The commonest work of life is PURPosE-Service. Making simple glorified by it.

gifts for French children. Writing 7. It contains the finest poetry and letters and sending snapshots to the greatest eloquence.

French children. Sending gifts of 8. It is light on the pathway in the toys, games, scrapbooks, pictures, and darkest night.

clothes. 9. It is a sun that never sets and it MEMBERSHIP. Children are eligible shines for all.

for membership from the cradle to 10. Its jewels of promise never lose , fourteen years of age. The yearly their lustre.

dues of one dollar entitle a child to 11. The presses on which it is printed become a member of the "FR-AM"- are never silent.

France-America. Member·ship cards 12. It leads business men to integrity must be signed by child and counter- and uprightness.

signed by parent or guardian, who as- 13. It is the great consoler in bereave- ment.

14. It drives clouds from the sky and shelters from the storm.

. ~. 15. It breaks the chains of the pris- oner.

16. It is a fountain whose waters are sweet and sufficient.

17. It answers every great question of the soul.

..1 1 18. It solves every great problem of life.

19. It is a fortress often attacked but never faIling.

sumes responsibility for the keeping 20. Its wisdom is commanding and its of this pledge. Quarterly letters giv- logic convincing.

ing news of our children in both 21. It blazes trails through trackless France and America will be sent to forests.

each member. 22. It civilizes barbarous peoples.

Programs for children's parties, in- 23. It is the garden of beauty and cluding French games, French songs, fragrance.

French stories, tableaux, etc., can be 24. It disappoints no hopes.

obtained from Miss Elizabeth Cong- 25. Its love is a burning passion and don. abiding principle.

WHAT IS THE BIBLE1-AN 26. It amplifies and ennobles every EXERCISE FOR DEVO- soul obedient to its truths. TIONAL SERVICE 27. Salvation is its watchward. Eter- (Slips to be cut apart and given to nal life is its goal. different readers) 28. It heightens every joy of life. Leader asks the question, "What is 29. It leads to the only worthwhile the Bible?" Readers answer the ques- tion. self-expression. 30. It guides to self-mastery and in- sures victory.

1. It is God's Highway to Paradise. 31. It gives life the upward incline.

,r 2. It crowns womanhood with beauty 32. It punctuates all pretense. and manhood with strength. (From "The Secret of the Life Sublime," by 3. It furnishes adequate motives for Dr. A. Z. Conrad, published by Fleming H. Revell Company at $1.50. This chapter is self-sacrifice. used with permission of the publishers.) 4. Children grow in character under For sale by 11. H. Leavis, North Cambridge, ]fass. Prices: 2 for 5 cents; 12 for 25 cents; its influence. 50 for 75 cents; 100 for $1.25.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, AND FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 EAST 22D STREET, NEW YORK Executive Secretaries of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions and Council of Women for Home Missions THE CHURCH IN THE kind of skilled and unskilled labor is CHANGING CITY there. It is a case of the old story of Findings of Conference held in Detroit, Feb- who will come out on top. ruary 17-19, 1930, under auspices of Home The city is characterized by peculiar Missions Council and Council of Women for Home Missions. (Slightly adapted.) attitudes, if not by a city mind.

The conference brought together Among characteristic city attitudes representative executives of denom- are the following: aggressiveness, inational or church City Societies, na- self-assertion with defense attitudes, tional Home Mission Boards, the emotional repressions, the "every- Home Missions Council, city Church body's-doing-it" philosophy (yielding Federations, the Federal Council, the to collective behavior) with an in- Institute of Social and Religious Re- creased tendency toward superficiality search, teachers, pastors, directors of in thinking and in morals. Religious Education, and important laymen and lay women. It was un- These attitudes-city mindednessusually free from any officialism. The grow out of conditions of city life. point of view, as well as the point The breakdown or weakening of the of approach, was not that of societies old social foundation-the family or organizations, but of Christian men group, neighborhood group, racial and women who are all alike deeply group-tends to social disintegration. concerned for the saving of the city. Mobility, the shifting of trade groups, The program represented a fresh ap- population groups and population cenproach to the city and a Christian ters on the one hand; and fluidity, the realism of a very high order. It the daily ebb and flow of the city's brought to every mind a serious con- population on the other, tends to the sideration of the titanic and compel- anonymity of the individual. A sense ling factors with which inevitably the of individual helplessness follows this city church must cope. individual isolation. One must find out how to save himself from being just a While much of the material present- jostled sort of nonentity in the city ed in papers, addresses and discussions where he encounters that peculiar kind had for background the larger metro- of being lost, by being alone, and by politan areas, it was not lost sight of not "belonging." Moral restraints are that these problems, so aggravated in seriously weakened when contacts bethe larger city, are all present in germ come impersonal and relations indirect. in the smaller cities. On the other hand, the city is the most highly organized of human com- i The outstanding thought in almost munities. It does not end in disinteevery discussion, was the influence of gration. There are great constructive the city on personality, family life forces in the city which offer potenand neighborhood groups. tially a means to the freer and finer Fa.ctors a.nd Forces in City Life realization of personality. These pos- sible gains are undoubtedly condition- The city brings together the ex- aI, but that should not lead us to deny tremes of every sort. Every culture their real promise. The city is an of the world is there. Every religious adventure, full of perils, but it cannot faith of the world is there. Every be condemned as wholly bad.

614 II T.he Gospel for the City Mind spiritual rebuilding of the individ- ual. Personality is spiritual. The ., The Gospel for the city mind is a church must become spiritually Gospel for the individual as well as minded. ·r for society. For the most part the 3. A ministry trained in the knowledge folks we are attempting to reach are of the moral basis of human nature, the "un-theologically minded." We and qualified to give spiritual guid- need to regard that fact. The man in ance to people who have lost the the city wants to know how Christ way of life. can come into his life, into the midst 4. Churches that will provide a personal of his moral entanglement and con- fellowship, a helpful atmosphere fusion, domestic strain, the tedious- which will rebuild character, re- ness of his labor; and how he can move from the soul the deposits and renew his life, make it large enough corrosions of the world, and bring to overcome social insignificance and to sin-sick humanity the healing inspire its expression until he is really ministries of Christ. The Gospel living the fulfillment of his ideal. for the city mind must tell the for- lorn, distraught, timid, sinful, bank- Our industrial and commercial civi- rupt life that there are hearts that lization has overshadowed individual- care, that will go the whole way, ity. The individual becomes merely the bearing the burden as partners in representation of the social mass- the venture of man's redemption. factory worker number 5093, the 5. Churches that, while conscious of the chain store 'clerk, the floor walker in disintegrating and degenerating in- the department store. In the midst of fluences of the modern city, will circumstances of industrial standardi- shake off their fear reactions and zation, mass production, economic in- with a confident faith in the trans- stability and business mergers, the forming and directing power of the depersonalization process goes on. spirit of God, will preach a Gospel of Hope. We cannot meet this problem with 6. Churches that will make common an impersonal expression of Chris- cause with the wholesome and con- tianity-a church absorbed in self per- structive interests, social groupings petuation; or a message of hypothesis and purposes of city people, help- or abstraction will not meet the diffi- ing them along, putting a deeper culty. The Gospel must be addressed note into them and enabling these to the person. "The key to the mass social contacts to create a genuine is the individual," says Bishop Free- urbanity, to cultivate the amenities man. The primary need in the city is of life and to enrich human fellow- to rescue man from depersonalization ship. and to empower him to divine fulfill- ment. To do this the Christian reli- City Areas in Church Groups gion must interpret itself in personal terms. Sin and suffering are personal Certain groupings of people arise in conditions. This does not imply that the church should ignore the group. cities, which challenge special con- Group characteristics may furnish the key to the moral problems of the in- sideration by the churches: dividual. There can be a group ap- proach to the individual. 1. The Negro population of more than three and a half million in northern Essential Requirements. To make the cities, concentrated in certain areas, Gospel effective to the city mind the calls for the recognition of Chris- following are especially needed: tian brotherhood, and requires the Christian cooperation of their white 1. A knowledge of psychological mechan- brethren to secure adequate church ism operative in personal confu- properties and to guarantee to them sions and frustrations. equality of religious privilege and equal opportunity with all other 2. A conception of evangelism as a "one citizens for making a livelihood. to one" task, continuous through the 2. The foreign language groups in our cities, brought hither by the great immigration of former years, now presents new challenges to the church. (a) The restricted immigration has allowed the forces of American- ization to make great advances in qualifying these new comers for an understanding of Amer- ican ideals and for citizenship.

(b) The foreign language church there should be churches only less has been the essential means of highly organized. Near the sub~centers bringing the Gospel in the for- of business and entertainment there eign language; but with the in- should be similar coordination of ef- creasing familiarity with the fort among churches most fit to sup- English language these churches plement one another in a varied will take on more and more the ministry. characteristics of A mer i can churches, serve the people of Residential Churches. In the resi- these localities, regardless of dential sections of the city proper races or languages, and Ameri- there should be churches of such size can churches in foreign lan- and distribution as can render the guage sections will be sought type of service and conduct the sort by and will serve the foreign of programs demanded by a variety language groups. of constituencies. No longer is it necessary to proceed by rule of thumb (c) The migration of the foreign in locating such enterprises or in the language groups from city budgeting of their expenditures. Case centers to suburban areas pre- studies of successful churches in resi- sents an opportunity that can dential as well as in more central areas be met only by the broadening now suggest the main lines of achieve- outreach of the suburban ment, though standardization in any American church to include rigid sense is both impossible and un- these people in its fellowship. desirable.

3. Commerce and industry are among Suburban Churches. On the sub- the chief factors in the making of urban fringe of every urban area a city. But the great ranks of the there is found a zone alike of privilege industrially employed are outside and responsibility. Statesmanlike oc- the church. We believe in the cupation of industrial suburbs and preaching and the practice of the cooperative strategy to avoid over- Social Ideals of the Churches as churching in the better residential adopted by the Federal Council as suburbs is imperative. a means of expressing to the in- dustrial groups that the church is Gradually the home base of urban concerned with all classes of people, Protestantism tends to shift from the and that it stands for social justice oldest churches at the heart of the and an equal opportunity for all as city to the great new churches in the an essential part of its Gospel. more fortunate suburbs. Such a trend causes constant loss by transfer from Church Adaptation the churches nearer the center to the churches nearer the circumference of The response of the church to the the urban area. Whether any given church member or family should conneeds of the changing city must be a tinue membership in a more central church or should become a part of varied one. some newer enterprise, is one of the Downtown Churches. In the great most difficult problems of the urban church. Since the more central central areas of the city's life there churches cannot survive without acshould be a few well-staffed, well- tive lay leadership, the rule of beequipped churches, suppleme~. ting each havior seems to be that working and supporting members who are willing other by their differing ministeries. to retain vigorous partnership in the old churches should by all means do Such churches should render a definite so, while those who are able to render service to the surrounding neighbor- more willing and more competent service in the newer churches should hoods. They should also serve as centers of church life and religious thinking for the entire metropolitan region. Their institutional service and their prophetic utterances are of basic importance to the entire life of the city. Just what churches are most fit to perform such a dual and difficult role should be a matter of cooperative agreement among the Protestant forces of the city. In the areas slightly removed from the central business focus of the city

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

be encouraged to do this. Increasingly the original occasions, motives and it becomes evident that none of the achievements of our Protestant di- churches of a metropolitan area exists visions to assess the gains and losses alone. From central urban area to due to these divisions, and to evaluate suburban fringe the problem of the the vital issues that are represented city is one problem, and the interests by these divisions as they exist today.

of all are bound up together. A new Such an evaluation should be honestly and intimate partnership of these con- made in the interest of the conserva- centric circles of city church life is tion of the values of the denomina- imperative. tions and the largest possible service It is obvious that under contem- on the part of Protestant religion in porary conditions, with varied de- these times.

nominational traditions and cultural In facing the problems of city con- inclinations, the geographical distri- ditions it is our persuasion that the ,.,. bution of churches must be supple- functioning of the denominations in mented by the specialized appeal of the highest degree depends upon the certain churches which represent the largest possible interdenominational organization of particular interests, cooperation. We therefore urge the through a new principle of selective denominations: parish distribution. This principle is 1. To undertake cooperatively a study of greatly reenforced by the wise use of the cities upon a scientific basis the automobile. Strategic location and with a view to the discovery of the functional specialization alike are re- actual conditions that prevail and quired of the city church if it is to deploy its forces for an adequate occu- the status of all the churches. pation of the modern urban region. 2. To affirm or reaffirm their allegiance to principles of comity that have been developed in the course of the The changing city emphasizes anew progress of cooperative Christian- the necessity laid upon the church to ity, and steadfastly support the save the community and not to save itself. The city church must be a same in the occupancy of new fields within the city areas, and in the adjustments that must be made nucleus for the integrating process in over-churched and inadequately ;( for the community. It must think in churched sections, if the full re- sponsibility of Protestant religion is terms of service and not desert a field to be assumed and discharged under because of difficulties. prevailing conditions.

3. To consider seriously the necessity of Religious Education a vital service to the down-town )' Religious Education in all its wider sections of our large cities, and the challenge to consolidate churches range of activity and projects is one where inadequately supporting con- of the greatest factors in a well-bal- stituencies prevent them from ren- anced program of a church seeking to dering the type and quality of serv- minister to the city community-es- ice these communities require and pecially in the underprivileged sec- the Kingdom of God demands. tions. Its concern is the development 4. To undertake at once to equalize re- ligious privilege by a thoroughgoing church city planning, vigorously of personality and the integration of prosecuted, comprehending the city the individual life with the world in and its environs, the city and its which one must live. It is our great future, the city and its past, all in hope for the future in the development terms of need and interrelation both of an adequate church leadership denominationally and interdenomi- .".., trained for its difficult tasks in a com- nationally. plex city, a clear direction as to how 5. To recognize and use the denomina- ,f to meet our Christian goal. tional City Society or Church Ex- tension Board as the suitable agency working towards the equal- Church City Planning and Comity izing of religious privileges within Justly to evaluate the local denomi- our larger fellowship. 6. To recognize and use the City Federa- national church we need to consider tion or Council of Churches as the

agency for unifying the religious church, a worshipping church, a winsome forces of the entire city. Without church; a church that interprets the such unification we shall fail in our truth in terms of its own times and chal- task. lenges its times in terms of the truth; a church that inspires courage for this The Larger Statesmanship life and hope for the life to come; a church of all good men, the Church of The Conference recorded profound the Living God.-John M. Moore. conviction that the fundamental ques- tion confronting organized religion in SUMMER READING LIST our large cities is: Shall the church The following list of books will be seek to maintain and extend itself found really worthwhile summer readas an institution, or shall it seek, at ing. You will thoroughly enjoy the whatever cost, to build the Kingdom time you spend on them, and they will of God and adequately to serve human make a fine background for the work needs. The conference recorded be- of the coming year. lief that the time has come when local churches in many downtown districts East Wind, West Wind, by Pearl S. should be willing, should the interest Buck. Published by John Day; $2.50. of the Kingdom require, to give up A novel of modern problems in China. their lives for the larger life of the community and the greater interests Portrait of a Chinese Lady, by Lady of the Kingdom. "He that would save Hosie. Published by Morrow; $5.00. his life shali lose it, and he that would If you liked "A Daughter of the lose his life for my sake and the Gos- Samurai" you will enjoy this. pel's shall save it," is just as ap.-p.licable to churches as to individuals. Wednesdays and Other Stories, by Annie B. Kerr. Published by The Womans Press; Gift edition, $1.50. A charm- ing little book of true stories of for- eign-born people.

Denominationalism, local church pride A Cloud of Witnesses by Elsie Singof history and tradition, mere per- master. Published by Central Comsonal attachments to buildings and lo- mittee; paper 50c, cloth 75c. Collected cations, should no longer stand in the biography in its most palatable formway of the larger statesmanship de- a group of Christian Nationals from different countries.

manded by the changing city. The Trader's Wife, by Jean Mackenzil:!.

The conference was convinced that Published by Farrar and Rhinehard; the abiding church in the changing $2.00. African journal-most inter- esting. city will be the church that changes Splendor of God, by Honore Willsie Morits policies, methods, programs, and if row. Published by Morrow; $2.50. need be its location, to meet the de- Thrilling biography of Adoniram Jud- son of Burma. mands of the times, without forsaking .. or compromising the eternal truths of Laughing Boy, by Oliver La Farge. the changeless Gospel which are "the Published by Houghton Mifflin; $2.50. Pulitzer prize novel portraying the same yesterday, today and forever." life of present-day Navajo Indian youth.

THE CHURCH' OF MY DREAMS Cimmaron, by Edna Ferber. Published by Doubleday Doran; $2.50. Early This is the church of my dreams. A days in Oklahoma-not a dull moment. church adequate for the task; the church I of the warm heart, of the open mind, of A Lantern in Her Hand, by Bess the adventurous spirit; the church that Streeter Aldrich. Published by D. 1 cares, that heals hurt lives, that comforts Appleton; $2.00. A novel on pioneer old people, that challenges youth, that life. knows no divisions of culture or class, no frontiers, geographical or social; the The Great Meadow, by Elizabeth Mad- dox Roberts. Published by Viking church that inquires as well as avers, Press; $2.50. The settling of Kenthat looks forward as well as backward; tucky-a novel.

the church of the Master, the church of The Land of Saddle-Bags, by James the people, the high church, the broad Watt Raine. Published jointly by church, the low church, high as the ideals Council of Women for Home Missions of Jesus, broad as the love of God, low and Missionary Education Movement; as the humblest human; a working $1.50. Full of the thrill of mountain

adventure and the delicious humor of THEREFORE, we, the undersigned, Appalachian folk. appeal to the Legislature of the State Freedom, by Welthy Honsinger Fisher. of Iowa to consider this protest and to Published by Friendship Press; 85c. grant redress from our gri()vances, Story of high caste Indian students, and we call upon all citizens, churches, and present-day problems in India. clubs and organizations of all sorts, Aggrey of Africa, by Edwin W. Smith. and the men and women of Iowa who Published by Richard R. Smith; $2.50. believe in education free from mili- A remarkable biography-an appeal tary compulsion to sustain us in this for the Christian way of life in race protest, by all means within their relations. power, so as to convey to the Legisla- ture of the State and those charged A BOOK-AND LIBERTY with authority that they are not in sympathy with the continuance of this He ate and drank the precious words, policy.2 His spirit grew robust; North Carolina He knew no more that he was poor, Nor that his frame was dust. To find in a college catalog a state- ment such as the following- He danced along the dingy days, And this bequest of wings All physically acceptable freshmen and sophomores are required to take mili- Was but a book. What liberty tary training, except those excused by A loosened spirit brings! the president of the college or the pro- -Emily Dickinson. fessor of Military Science and Tactics- MILITARISM IN EDUCATION r-ne need not go to Germany, Austria, Bulgaria or Turkey, but to the 1929- One of the specific objectives which 1930 Annual Catalog of North Carothe Fifth Conference on the Cause and lina State College of Agriculture and Cure of War approved last January Engineering. This State institution for presentation to groups interested is one of the land-grant colleges in a in working for permanent peace was nation which fought a "War to End the followingi : War," and which signed the Kellogg Peace Pact. The land-grant colleges To study the extent and effects of were established for the primary purmilitary training in schools and colleges. pose of teaching agriculture and me- chanics, the useful arts of peace.3 Two recent utterances will be of interest in this connection. ULTIMATELY-PEACE Iowa The Naval Parley? It is only an- other form of war agreements. How- We, the undersigned students of the ever, it does some sort of good to the State University of Iowa at Iowa City, world, because it does make people do hereby certify that we have each think about the seriousness of these taken military drill in the past or are things. We cannot do away with navy taking it at the present time. and army unless the people want it, and as to when the people want such That we protest against said mili- a thing is a matter of ideals and detary drill being made compulsory upon sires for peace, and ideals and desires male students of the State University for real peace for everybody in the of Iowa, for the following reasons world are slow things to get to the among others: minds of the people.

We have found it by experience to 2 Petition signed by 2,000 stUdents at the be time wasting, irksome, and detri- University of Iowa in the spring of 1930. mental to proper scholarship. 3 From The Wataugan, May, 1930, published We deem it an invasion of academic by the stUdent body at North Carolina State freedom. College, Raleigh, N. C.

We emphatically declare that we have no personal desire to take military drill and that we have only done so or are doing so under compulsion.

t Resolutions and program for 1930·1931 adopted by the Conference are quoted in full in the April REViEW.

labor government. He was a

Patriotism Pulls Women Together in his boyhood, and won his way, as THE importance of women in public so many of his countrymen have done life and their devotion and zeal in by living laborious days and nights: service to their new Republic of The way of promoti'On lay through the Estonia is given by Miss Clara Roe, secretaryship of his union to member- of New York, as an outstanding im- ship in Parliament. Like so many pression 'of the visitor. other labor men he is a devoted mem- "Between her home, her job and her ber of his church, the Church of Scot- public duties, the time of an educated land, and he fills the part of High woman in Estonia is severely taxed. Commissioner b'Oth with dignity and Many such women have two or three whole-hearted sincerity. Among other public duties, a job as haonmotehmerakear~ discussions there was one upon Forwife and mother, and eign Missions which had its own ses- wage-earner: These Estonian women sion. Dr. John R. Mott gave a weighty are carrying heavy responsibilities. speech and Sir D. Y. Cameron, the All are public spirited and their coun- great Scottish artist, spoke upon the try is using them to the utmost. Es- report with a passionate concern for tonia lost its men heavily in the this task, the crown of all Christian World War, and in its struggle for service. It is significant of the place independence women must now help to which the church has icnomSceostolahned~rtthilayt its artists and writer,s do the work of their nation. Women to its service. – Edward Shillito in also work in the fields, repair roads, "The Chris,tian Century." , streets and railroad tracks, work in brickyards, lumber yards and in build- Call of Knights of St. John ing construction and perform other laborious tasks. If they sought to use THE order of the Knights of St. John their political power to the fullest, has issued an appeal to the sons of they could out-vote the men. Every German noblemen of the Lutheran one is public spirited, carrying two or faith to consider the calling of the three jobs, with pride instead of com- ministry. The Order stresses the need plaint." Tuberculosis is widely prev- of the churches for young men of edualent among young women as a re- cation and training in the places vf sult of undernourishment as children, leadership. It points out that nearly congested housing, long winters and a thousand years ago the ancestors of lack of fruits and vegetables. Lectures the present nobility took up the Cross and demonstrations are given on food in an attempt to break the power of and food values.-Y. W. C. A. the infidels who ruled the Holy Land. T'Oday, it continues, the call is for a C'hurch of Scotland Assembly new crusade to fight the unbelief which has asserted its power through- HERE is only one Church of Sc,ot- out all sections of the country.-Con- T land now. The first assembly after gregationalist. the great assembly, when the union was accepted last year, was held in Evangelical Movements in Ukraine May. .M:. James Brown was the High THE new evangelical movements in Con:mIssIoner onc~ more, as he .was the Polish Ukraine are highly en- durmg the short hfe 'Of the preVIOUS couraging. A quiet investigation last 620

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

summer revealed the fact that no less children of the district to a marionette than seven evangelical groups have show at which the Ten Command- sprung up in this section of Poland as ments were derided in a manner so a result of Polish immigrants to obscene that the police finally inter- America returning to their native vened.

country, imbued with the desire toO Such conditions are symptomatic ,spread the Gospel among their co- for a large part of Europe, and it is racials. Most of them have developed no wonder that the European churches on the strength of gifts received from feel very strongly the need of Prot- American agencies or individuals, estant support from overseas. The ," which, like the Central Bureau for practical expression of the sympathy Relief, have become interested in this felt by the American churches for new growth of the evangelical faith their European coreligionists has been in unpllopitious surroundings. In channeled, for a number of years, 1929, a beginning was made for an through the Central Bureau for Relief "inter-group" conference over here in of the Evangelical Churches of Europe, America, in the hope of coordinating instituted late in 1922 as an interde- the supporters of these various fields nominational and international relief of work and eliminating the overlap- agency, its European office being in ping which is already manifesting it- Geneva under the direction of Dr. self in some areas. . ) The Cent~al Bureau foOr Relief has Adolf Keller, and its American office located in New York, directed by an taken special interest in this work. Some effort should be made to bring American Executive Committee com- these new movements into cooperative relations with the old Polish Evan- posed of church representatives.-Re- port of the Rev. J. Ross Stevenson, gelical Church in Silesia, and in gen- D.D.

eral to consolidate the Protestant ele- Unemployment in Europe ments in Poland, transforming the numerically negligible separate groups CHRONIC for ten years, unemploy- into a recognized and potent factor in ment has taken a decided turn for the population.-Report of the Rev. J. the worse. The enrolment of workers Ross Stevenson, D.D. for insurance of every kind is 16,000,- 000. Of these about 12,000,000 are ,t insured against unemployment. Be- Anti-Religious Communism fore the War normal unemployment I" THE "red menace" has so often been was put at an average of 4 per cent used as a spectacular bugaboo in of the employed, which, for registered political circles that it has come to be industries, would work out at 500,000 regarded as a myth by liberal people. or thereabouts. In June, 1920, the It has been more of a stern reality in number of registered unemployed was Europe than we like to admit over 1,130,000, or more than double the here. Toward the end of 1929 evidence normal. in abundance was provided to the world that the trend of communi,stic In January, 1930, it was found that thought is not merely atheistic but unemployment had increased to 1,475,- definitely anti-religious. Communistic 000. During the Spring, when trade ideas find willing listeners among the might have been expected to pick up, ignorant working classes of Europe, the number increased yet further by haIfof whose earnings are ,swallowed as many as 28,000 in a single week, by reparation payments or interest on and now the total exceeds 1,750,000, .':, national indebtedness. Atheism, more while it is keenly prophesied that the aggressive than merely negative, ac- peak will rise beyond 2,000,000, or one companies this trend. A local Social- in six of registered workers.

ist children's center in Berlin recently The figures are not inclusive. Farm had the effrontery to invite the school labor, domestic service and other oc-

cupations are not insured against un- own automobile to the pastor's wife employment. In the agricultural areas to take the child to Pinerolo, where she there is reported considerable loss of was put out of danger. – Record of work. Christian Work.

Nonemployment, even in Great Lutheran Churches in Russia Britain, is an element in a world-wide situation. In Germany, S'O it is stated, FAITH and hope in the face of adthe total has risen to 3,000,000. In versity are the keynote of a letter Italy there is mention of 1,000,000. of the Rt. Rev. Theodore Meyer, of Even in Russia, where the workers are Moscow, Bishop of the Lutheran assured of Communism, there is evi- Church of Russia, written April 26, dence of acute distress.-P. W. Wilson, to a Lutheran leader in the United in uNew York Times." States. In describing the reacti'On of the Church in Russia to conditions Italian Crown Prince Greets Wal- imposed from without, Bishop Meyer says in part: densian In the great need which hangs heavy THE Waldensian church in Italy has upon us it is a great consolation to us gained rather than lost by the that you are not growing weary in reofficial reoonciliation of Italy and the membering us in your prayers and sup- Vatican. It has received publicity of porting us with your gifts…… The a helpful kind. There is a feeling of situation of the church becomes more friendliness and respect toward the difficult with each day…… The need Waldensians which was not known be- of the pastors who are still in service is fore. very great because the congregations are impoverished and in spite of their will- "During the summer maneuvers of ingness to help are scarcely able to conthe 92d Infantry Regiment in our tribute anything toward the expenses of valleys its colonel, our Crown Prince the church and the pastors. Further, Umberto, had an opportunity of mak- extremely high taxes have been imposed ing himself known to our people, who this year upon a great number of the were enthusiastic in their admiration pastors. Especially in the cities are the for his gentleness and affability." congregations unable any longer to guar- antee their livelihood. In consequence One day in the Charcoal-Burners' of this condition in many cities and Glen he met an old Waldensian and towns, the congregations have united into stopped to talk to him. He learned one district parish but in spite of this that the old man was quite proud of they are scarcely able to continue existhaving seen three kings of Italy- ence. In the villages, too, the state of Victor Emanuel II, Humbert, and the congregations and the pastors is very Victor Emanuel III. precarious.

"One of my remaining wishes would GENERAL be to see also our young prince, who is a nice feHow, they tell me, but I Dr. Mott Finds World Open to Chrisam too old and shall never have the chance. I keep his picture with me. tianity Here it is !" NEVER were the doors of entry "Don't you think I look a good deal into other lands so wide open to like him?" asked the prince. Christianity as at present, Dr. John R. Mott told the evangelism group of "Why, you are the prince, and I have the Federal Council of the Churches spoken to you as if you had been only of Christ in America which met at an officer! But I am glad to have seen East Northfield in June. you bef'Ore dying." Having recently returned from a "Well, so am I," said the prince, trip around the world, Dr. Mott told of and with a hearty handshake he the spirit of inquiry which was creatcrowned the old man's happiness. ing conditions ripe for the message of Chri,st. Even the Mohammedan W'Orld A little girl at Bobbio having been is open to evangelization, he said. bitten by a viper, the prince lent his Dr. Mott gave a most encouraging

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

'Outline 'Of cQnditiQns in 'Other CQun- gation was from the Kumiai Riji, 'Or tries frQm the PQint 'Of view 'Of the Association of Independent Churches.

Christian wQrk. As an illustrati'On he The General Convention of the Chris- tQld 'Of the resQlve 'Of Mr. Chang Sing- tian Church in the United States was yee, speaking in behalf 'Of the native represented this year for the first time.

church 'Of China, that within five years The Rev. J. V. Chelliah, Moderator 'Of the Christian Church 'Of China was to the United Church 'Of South India, be dQubled, and this in the face 'Of the who has recently been in the United cataclysmic cQnditiQns prevailing in States, sailed with the American pil- ," China nQW. In India, Dr. MQtt said, grimage. The InternatiQnal Council Christianity is 'On the thresh'Old 'Of a was organized at LondQn, England, mQst far-reaching influence. 1891.

"I have never been soo impressed be- BQurnemouth offers nQt only a beau- fQre by the tide 'Of inquiry that is tiful, but in many respects an appro- sweeping 'Over all cQuntries." Dr. priate, setting for the present CQuncil.

MQtt said, "We in America think there It is a strQng CQngregational center.- is a flQQd 'Of literature abrQad, but we Congregationalist.

.1 have nQthing in cQmparisQn with 'Other lands. TQkYQ, fQr· example, has miles Christian Endeavor T 'Of b(}QkshQPs. The press is reaching HE 'Officers 'Of the InternatiQnal So- ciety 'Of Christian Endeavor in milliQns tQday that never knew any- .I thing beYQnd the borders of their own their last meeting befQre leaving fQr little cQmmunities only a few years the WQrld's Christian Endeavor CQn- ago. All this means that the dQQrs 'Of ventiQn in Berlin gave thQughtful CQn- 'Opportunity fQr Christ are equally sideratiQn to the general status 'Of the wide open. The barriers of age-old wQrk thrQughout NQrth America.

custom and prejudice against the for- The repQrt of the General Secretary, eigner are now dQwn. Faith and ex- Mr. Gates, n'Oted a number 'Of im- pectation on the part of the Christian PQrtant elements 'Of prQgress. The Church are all that is necessary for recent CQncurrent statement frQm the the evangelization of the wQrld." denQminatiQnal leaders cQncerning the present place 'Of the yQung people's so- International Congregational Council ciety in the present program 'Of Chris- THIS notable annual event in the tian education indicates an increas- congregational churches 'Of the ingly cQQperative attitude among the world was held this year, July 1-8, in denQminatiQns. The InternatiQnal SQ- I.

BournemoOuth, England. Six hundred ciety has been cQQperating heartily A. Congregationalists from Arne ric a with the American Bible Society in sailed frQm New YQrk, June 14, to Bible-study work and the distributiQn attend this great meeting. Delega- 'Of the Scriptures. Several hundred tions were also en route frQm many delegates are attending the World's other cQuntries. Christian EndeavQr CQnventiQn in The InternatiQnal C'Ouncil is CQm- Berlin from the United States. Active posed of 450 voting delegates, of whQm wQrk has been started in connectiQn 150 are from the United States. It with plans fQr the fiftieth anniversary represents 24,275 churches with a CQn- 'Of the fQunding 'Of Christian EndeavQr.

stituency 'Of 6,000,000 in the United Mr. Paul ShQup, President 'Of the States, Canada, Great Britain and SQuthern Pacific RailrQad, is general twenty-eight 'Other cQuntries on all chairman 'Of the Fiftieth Anniversary continents. In several cQuntries, not- International CQnventiQn cQmmittee, ably Canada, North India and SQuth which is planning the CQnvention tQ India, the representatiQn in the CQun- be held in San FranciscQ in 1931. In cil is from recently formed United this connectiQn plans are being made Churches in which the Congregational- by the International SQciety fQr the ists have merged. The Japanese dele- celebratiQn 'Of the fiftieth anniversary

at the time of Christian Endeavor of Christendom, the Augsburg Con- Week in February, 1931. Plans are fession. being made for the proposed Transpacific Convention in Australia in Sep- Four hundred years ago – at three tember or October of 1931. o'clock Saturday afternoon, June 25, 1530, to be precise-the Saxon Chan- Dr. Poling indicated that he was to cellor, Dr. Beyer, began the reading give a generous portion of his time of the Augsburg Confession to the next year to special Christian En- Emperor Charles V at a private sesdeavor visitation in important centres sion of the Diet in the chapter room throughout this country. A plan was of the bishop's palace. Two hours adopted which calls for a series of two- later he had finished the reading and day institutes in approximately two handed to the Emperor both the Latin hundred and ,fifty strategic centres 'original, which had been read, and the during the fall, winter, and spring of German translation. The Emperor 1930-31.-Christian Endeavor World. forbade the publication of either.

Home Missions Congress The Augsburg Confession is one of the great historic documents of Prot- W HAT the now famous· Jerusalem estantism and its adoption was a meeting of the Internati'onal Mis- major step in the development of sionary Council accomplished in the Protestant thought. Elaborate plans thinking and planning for the foreign for the commemoration of the four missionary movement of the future hundredth anniversary have been made the North American Home Missions at Augsburg, and the, American Congress, to be held in Washington, churches have been invited to be rep- D. C., November 30-December 5, will resented through the Federal Council do in some measure for the missionary of Churches. cause at home, if the hopes of its leaders are fulfilled. For nearly two CHINA years, three large commissions have been at work, gathering preparatory Methodist Bishops Consecra.ted in data which will serve as a basis for China. the deliberations of the Congress. Commission I is ·studying the task and THE Foochow News, April, 1930, administration vf home missions; prints a colorful story of the Cen- Commission II the promotion of home tral Conference at Nanking, which elected Bishvps Gowdy and Wang: missions and Commission III coopera- The consecration service was most imtion in home missions. The primary pressive. Bishop Nuelsen preached a purpose is thoroughly to evaluate the wonderful sermon, after which Bishop home missionary enterprise in the Birney took charge of the consecration service. Bishops-elect Gowdy and Wang light of present-day conditions in the came forward, and with them came the '. Church and in the Nation at large, assisting elders, the Rev. H. R. Caldwell, and to reach as full agreement as pos- the Rev. Liu Fang, the Rev. Lincoln sible on the best methods for advance. Dsang, Dr. Uong Gang Huo, and Dr. C.

The membership of the Congress is A. Felt.

to be limited to about five hundred As the consecration service was read members who will be carefully selected in both English and Chinese (so that each bishop-elect received his charge in by the participating denominations.- his native language) a great hush fell Presbyterian Survey. over the congregation. It was a historic moment, a moment full of possibilities Anniversary of Augsburg Confession and promise for the extension of Christ's Kingdom. Although Bishop Gowdy had THE great event of the year in the been elected first, Bishop Birney first widely extended Lutheran com- consecrated Bishop Wang, a breaking of munion is the commemoration of the precedent which met with general apadoption of one of the notable creeds proval. -The Christian Advocate.

1930J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Heroic Service in Shantung China Questions Tradition T T HE Williams Porter Hospital, in HE REV. E. M. NORTON, of the Tehchow, Shantung, with all the C. M. S. in Fukien Province, says disturbances and alarms of the past that in religious, social and political year has carried on unflinchingly, life, what cannot stand the test of rea- treating 761 in-patients and 8,908 dis- son is condemned and abolished. He pensary patients, performing 306 believes that this is why temples are ) major operations and 745 minor opera- being destroyed or transformed into tions, training twenty-five nurses, and schools or museums, idols are being giving laboratory examinations to beheaded and burned; in short, all old 2,785 cases. More revealing of what customs and traditions are in the melt- last year's life meant there at the ing pot. Fourteen years ago, it was hospital are Some of the words from almost impossible to get boys to ask questions; they accepted everything the accounts of Drs. Tucker: the teacher said. Now whether the Famine and want have continued to subject be English grammar or spell- stalk in the land, and Dr. Francis Tucker, ing, mathematics or science, astron- helping in the relief work in Shantung and southern Hopei provinces, aided in omy or religion, they ask "Why? Is giving out some $300,000-mostly used it really true? How do you know?" as loans for some two thousand irriga- tion wells (to combat future drought), or in repair of roads to facilitate trans- Bible Class in Shantung portation, or In the conservation of DR. C. E. SCOTT, of Tsinan, writes waterways. Food and medical supplies of a class for rural leaders at Yu have saved the lives of many men, wom- Cheng, a walled city, where elders and en an.d c~ildre~. One county lost nearly deacons met for a month of hard half Its mhabItants by death and emi- gration. We shall never forget the cart- study. The effort was the more com- loads of girls (less often boys) crawling their long journey to new and far dis- mendable in view of the suffering in tant homes–sold for from three to fifty this region, soldier-ridden and infested dollars each. As the world over, they with bandits. Time was taken to or- were loved by their parents, but these ganize a new church in this harried could no longer feed them. Now the destitution is less, but there are areas section. in other parts of China even more On market days class members seriously affected than were ours a year preached to the crowds and sold gospel ago. Fighting has not been serious in portions, the most advantageous point our region, though soldiers a-plenty there are in the hospital-wounded in attempts of vantage being the platform in front to suppress bandits. Dr. Emma Tucker of the chapel. Saturday and Sunday was beaten, maltreated and robbed in her afternoons the group was divided into own house the early part of the year- bands, and went preaching through the thieves doubtless being unpaid soldiers. Dr. Francis Tucker was twice the villages surrounding the city. The captured while on relief trips. The relief last Sunday evening, by the light of auto was in captivity fifteen hours in candles and lanterns, communion serv- one instance, some persons captured at ice was held, and each delegate re- the same time being robbed of all they turned to his village resolved to serve possessed, including their clothing, which . they had to exchange for the bandits' as never before. garments. The bandit chief, one of the heads of the gang of 250 or so, said, "1 Peanuts Given China by Missionary T know you. 1 was in the hospital last HE Rev. George H. Trull, of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign year. See that scar-and that one! Be- sides, we respect what you are now do- ing for the famine sufferers. 1 do not Missions, New York, writes from like my occupation, but my family has to China: live. You shall lose nothing. We will ," place our own guard over your 'gas At lunch today, Chinese-grown peanuts buggy' and contents. Nothing shall be like the American variety were on the touched." He was as good as his word. table. My missionary companion, Mr. S. J. Mills, said: "Father (Rev. Charles -Congregationalist. R. Mills) introduced these nuts to China 5

at Tengcho about fifty years ago. He "with or without the cooperation >of received them first from Archdeacon the treaty powers." The far-reaching Chinese public health program of the Thompson of the American Church Mis- League gave rise to speeches of consion. Years before the introduction of gratulation from the Chinese per- manent representative at Geneva, Mr. oil from abroad, China depended for its Woo Kaiseng, as well as from several lights chiefly upon oil derived from na- member,s of the Council.

tive peanuts and other vegetable seeds.

The ordinary Chinese peanut is quite small. Its oil was extracted by com- pressing the nut in the shell which was very thin and absorbed only a little of the oil. A Chinese General Visits Mission "Father divided the American peanuts GEN. CHANG CHIH CHIANG, one between two Chinese Christians, advising of the leaders of the Chinese Govthem to plant the nuts and replant the ernment, visited the Central Confercrop each year for three years. One of ence of the Methodist Church at Nanthem gave up the experiment shortly king and addressed the delegates with .because the old method of compressing the energy and insight of a prophet. the nuts in the shells yielded less oil than The China Christian Advocate dethe American variety on account of their scribes it as "the thrill of the Conferthick shells which absorbed most of the ence." He and his wife brought their oOil. The other man persevered, and dis- two children to the Sunday morning .covered that by first removing the nuts service, where they were christened from the shells and then compressing Mary and Samuel.-The Christian Adthem he got an abundance of oil. He vocate. therefore c!)ntinued to replant his crop and made a great success. Today thousands of tons of peanuts are exported annually from China." Enough peanuts fifty years ago to fill one's hands was an insignificant number from which to secure the bountiful crops of today. Rather Ohinese Want Missionaries big results from small beginnings! It THE Canton Missionary Conference, has life and when planted it multiplies. representing missionaries belong- Christianity has taken firm root in ing to American, British and German China's soil. Already there is a harvest missions, was addressed by Dr. C. Y. but only the first fruits of a larger one Cheng, Moderator of the Church of which faith claims.

Further Steps A'gainst Opium Christ in China and General Secretary of the National Christian Council of I NNOVATIONS of considerable im- China, 'on "The Forward-Looking portance with reference to the Church." Dr. Cheng especially rehandling of the opium problem were quested the missionaries to make made by the Council of the League of articulate the voice of the Chinese Nations at its meeting in May. It Church in seeking for more missiondecided to add to the Advisory Com- ary helpers. The Conference, theremittee on Opium, a,s representatives fore, adopted the following resolution: of non-manufacturing states, Austria, Belgium, Egypt, Mexico, Poland, That we, as a Missionary Conference, appeal to our home constituencies and to Spain, and Uruguay. Furthermore, the youth of our homelands for the conthe Council decided to convene a con- tinued and increased cooperative support ference on limitation of drug manu- of the Christian Movement in China. facture on or about December 1, 1930, The call from China is for men and which may possibly be preceded by a women who are willing to work with the preliminary (lonference, of representa- Chinese as fellow workers, they should tives of manufacturing countries only. be men and women of large vision and In conjunction with the initiation of spiritual power. The problems that will the League's program of public health confront them may be great but the chaldevelopment in China it was recom- lenge is to the big, brave souls who wish mended that an inquiry should be in- to make a contribution to the greatest stituted by the Chinese Government potential Christian adventure of today and themselves to grow, by varied ex~ periences, into spiritual greatness.

1930J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ISLANDS would be a "submerging of Malay civ- Senate COJUJUittee Favors Free Philip- ilization with anGther race, the Chi- pines nese. It WGuld be a result as in- . A F AVORABLE report to the Senate evitable as the rise of the tide on the on the Hawes-Cutting Philippine seashore." independence bill, which would give the islands complete independence, if, The bill was not pressed at that ses- siGn .of Oongress and goes over to the / after a period .of five years a plebiscite session next win t e r. – New York should reveal them to be in favor .of Times.

it, was .ordered by the Senate Com- mittee .on Territories by a vote of 8 Virgin Islands . I, ,. B to 4. ECAUSE of the seriousness .of the The Filipino people would take .over economic situation in the Virgin the management .of their government Islands, Herbert D. Brown, chief of during the five-year periGd and WGuld the United States Bureau of Efficiency, decide .on the basis .of the experience has left Washington to return to the .of these five years whether they WGuld Islands.

'. accept independence as a permanent In his repGrt tG CGngress the effi- pGssessiGn. ciency expert went into every phase They WGuld receive tariff autGnomy, of the social and econGmic activities with the result that they WGuld be .of the Islands and said that few of deprived .of expGrting their prGducts them were without need of substantial tG the United States free of duty. and immediate relief.

Opposition to Philippine independ- Since the purchase of the Islands ence either immediately, or after a from Denmark in 1917 for $25,000,000 stated periGd of years, was expressed the economic situation has grown con- by Secretary .of State Stimson, former stantly worse until at present not Governcr General cf the Philippines. enough is derived from taxes to pay He opposed immediate independen~e for the upkeep of the local g.overn- .on three grounds: That it wculd be ment. Because they have been the disastrGus tG the Filipino people, dis- victims of a series of calamities, the astrous alsG to the interests .of the population has dwindled from 26,051 United States, both in the Islands and in 1917 to 22,012 in 1930. In the the Far East, and inevitably cause Virgin group are the Islands of St.

such a general disturban:eaf affairs Thomas and St. Croix and the much in the Far East as to undo the present smaller one of St. John.-New York stabilized oGnditiGns with respect to Times.

the interests of various countries in that region. SilliJUan Head Resigns Secretary Stimson told the Commit- NEARLY' every boat which leaves tee he believed "the Filipino peGple this port just now carries mis- are quite unprepared for independence sionaries who are going home on fur- either pGlitically .or eCGnomically," and lough. Of all who are sailing this that ,severance of the Islands from the spring, perhaps none has left such a leadership or control .of Ameri;;a permanent record .of achievement as "would destrGY self-government in the Dr. David S. Hibbard, the retiring Philippines, and the result WGuld president of Silliman Institute. Lo- either be a condition of anarchy .or a cated in Dumaguete, Oriental Negrces, cGndition of oligarchy." this school is strategically in the The masses, he declared, WGuld be center of the sGuthern half of the at the mercy of politicians and money Philippines. Dr. Hibbard founded it '.) lenders. If sudden independence in 1901, and in the 29 years since has were given, the Islands would be over- guided it to steady growth and ex- run by the Chinese, and the result panding influence. There is nG single

piece of mission work in the entire I recently asked Mahatma Gandhi "t Philippines which can be compared what he thought our mutual friend with it. It attracts a student body of Andrews meant to the progress of . more than 900 students, drawn from modern India. And in that characterall over the Islands, and distributed istically pensive, meditative mood, he <• through all the grades from elemen- said: "My dear friend, what I think tary to college. Twenty-five mission- of Andrews is that India has no serv- •, aries and a considerable number of ant more devoted, more sincere, and Filipinos are employed on the faculty. more hard working. I love the name !I Dr. Hibbard expects to return to the the toiling Indians of the Fiji Islands Philippines, but believes that the grow- gave him – Deenabandhu Andrews- ., ing demands of the presidency of such friend of the lowly." The loving estia large institution should be placed on mate of Gandhi tells the whole story , the shoulders of a younger man.- of this wonderful life in a few strik- Harold E. Fry, in "The Christian ing words. He calls him a servant and ., Century." a friend of the lowly. That is what his deeds, words, and motives all ex- ,I Manila School Strike emplify. Service is the natural expres- THE strike of high school students sion of his life. in Manila shows several things. In the first place, it shows how much One time, at the poet Tagore's home harm may be done by tactless remarks in Bolpur, I asked Mr. Andrews what growing out of lack of appreciation of he considered the most essential qual- Filipino ide a s and temperament. ity in a modern missionary. Without There are approximately 300 Amer- even stopping to think, he answered, ican teachers in the Philippine school "Willingness to serve, and a detersy,stem. Most of them are sincerely mination not to direct our Indian colrespected and admired by their students, and they deprecate as much as leagues." anyone such occurrences as this one. In the second place, this incident ·shows . . . Years ago he came out to India that there are deep undercurrents in from Cambridge University. He was Filipino life of which most Americans, a priest in the Church of England. At including many here, are ignorant. Delhi and elsewhere he served as col- All Asia is deeply stirred, and the lege professor and ·spiritual leader. Philippines, let us not forget, are in But authority and sectarianism re- Asia. "Self-determination" has be- stricted him. He felt that he could come a religion to half the world's not do what his soul craved because population, and incidents like this of the priestly reg u I a t ion s that show how small a thing may grow.into hemmed him in on all sides. So he a mighty torrent of protest and self- surrendered his ministerial orders and assertion. -Harold E. Fey, in "The became a "lay freeman." Christian Century." He joined the staff of Tagore's uni- INDIA-BURMA versity at Bolpur as a voluntary Bishop Fisher on C. F. Andrews worker. This is even yet the base THE man about whom I write is from which he does hi,s work. When more than a per,sonality. He has become an institution. His attractive there, he teaches, advises, serves, and life stands out against the Indian when away, he is always in touch by horizon like some tall temple tower, whose radiant light shines as a beacon, correspondence. I do not know what and whose lengthened ,shadow spreads a shade across toilers' huts. that "Abode of Peace" would ever have done without his gentle, guiding, serving spirit. He and Tagore are bosom f r i end s – David-Jonathan- twain personalities, strikingly inde- pendent, but one spirit.-Bishop Fred- erick B. Fisher, in "The Christian Ad- vocate."

"

1930J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Youth League powerful. "Where Naidu is," said a Berlin newspaper, "there is India." Her B OMBAY has 26 Youth Leagues. poetry is epic now, for at the head of The object of the League is to bind together the youths of the Presi- Gandhi's disciples, she is an Indian -Literary Digest. Judith.

dency in the pursuit of common ideals, ! and in the service of the motherland, Appeal for £50,000 for Church of Inw to fight communism, and to work for dia. Burma, and Ceylon T the abolition of useless and embar- HE Archbishops of Canterbury and York have issued an appeal to rassing customs, promote swadeshi, study the causes of unemployment and the English Church for a dowry of encourage the study of international £50,000 for its daughter, the Church questions. At a recent dinner of the of India, Burma, and Ceylon. A ,sub- League, all the speakers stressed the stantial proportion of this large sum T'

need of abolishing every form of com- has already been promised. The munism. Church at home has a certain responsi- bility for the future of the Church in Gandhi's :tIantle Falls on a Wom.an India and should see that it is prop- MRS. SAROJINI NAIDU, Hindu erly equipped for its work of evan- poetess, emerges as leader of im- gelization. But the financial demands prisoned Mahatma Gandhi's National- made on the faithful in England are ist following' in the "civil-disobedi- far too heavy in these days of trade ence" movement. "An eloquent orator depression and increasing unemploy- and the only woman ever to be chosen ment for any complete response to be President of the Indian Nationalist possible. Money is urgently needed in Congress," begins a character sketch England for the building of new in the New York World from Arthur churches, for the training of ordi- E. Mann, who continues: nands, and for the schools. The S.

She is widely known in England, hav- P. G. fears the starving of its mis- ing been educated at Kings College, Lon- sionary activity for lack of funds. The don, and Girton College, Cambridge. Church Times suggests that, if the She became a fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 1924. She has published Church of India is the daughter of the three volumes of poetry in English, and EngJi.sh Church, it is also the younger has lectured in all the chief cities of sister of the Episcopal Church of India on social, educational, religious, America, and if a world-wide appeal and political questions. She is also well were made, there is every reason to known in New York as a lecturer. Some believe that American churchmen' years ago she defied her family and the Brahman caste laws by marrying an In- would be proud to supply part of her dian doctor who was not a Brahman. On her visits to England, Mrs. Naidu dowry.-Living Church.

was always regarded as a moderate, until 1919, when she came under Gandhi's JAPAN-KOREA influence. Unemployment Insurance in Japan She was born in the capital of the MR. KAGAWA'S convictions on un- native State of Hyderabad, and the employment insurance for Tokyo four children in the Naidu family have seem to have appealed to the nation, been sent to England to be educated. for a recent dispatch to the New York The Richmond News-Leader declares Times tells of both the house of peers that she would have to be included in and the lower house being much con- "any list of the half-dozen most inter- cerned over the situation nationally, esting women in the world, along with and willing to subsidize public works to the extent of 25 per cent of costs, Halide Edib, Jane Addams, and Ger- for the sake of giving employment. trude Baumer….. . At the same time, Kagawa extends his social insurance idea to the sick of Usually she dresses in the homespun Tokyo also. And, as a tribute of of the native looms, but when she travels she wears the rich apparel of her class. About her is something mysterious and

loyalty, the mayor passes in toto the so- Women at Coronation cial bureau's budget for the new fiscal THE outstanding event of the past year, adding 50,000 yen, unasked, for year in Japan was the public enstarting 11 new social settlements of thronement of the present emperor. which he knew Kagawa had been For the first time the empress sat with dreaming but for which he had not the emperor on the enthronement felt free to ask. thrones, and in connection with the public ceremonies in Tokyo members Seventy Years of Christianity in of the Young Women's as well as the Japan Young Men's Associations passed in AT A meeting in Tokyo the seven- review before the imperial family, this tieth anniversary of the coming being the first public appearance of of Christianity to Japan was recently young girls before their majesties.

observed. Some sixteen veterans, Jap- This recognition of womanhood is anese, English and American, who most signi,Jcant. Woman suffrage in had put in fifty years of work in Ja- Japan may be a lcng way off, but it is pan, were the recipients of suitable coming. The ChristianizatiQn of home gifts, the senior member being Mrs. life is being made easier. On behalf Agnes Gordon of the American Board, of the Christians throughout Japan who first went to Japan in 1872. the National Council presented to their Dr. William A. Axling of the Na- imperial majesties two sets of Bibles tional Christian Council in Japan, to especially bound for the occasion.

whom we are indebted for these facts, points out how 'fitting it was that prac- Sanatorium Recognized T tically the first meeting in the new HE Tuberculosis Sanatorium, South Mountain, Haiju, has been honored City Hall should be one to mark the seventieth anniversary of the coming by a generous grant from the Govern- .,"', again to Japan of what it is admitted ment Gene :al in recognition of its spe- by all alike to be one of the forces cial service rendered to Korea in the which have made a definite and valu- fight against tuberculosis. The Sana- able contribution to the national life, torium has had patients from every namely, the Christian religion. Province in Korea and from as far "It is hard to reaJize," he says, "as north as Siberia and Manchuria, and one looks on the Japanese Church to- there are patients from nearly every day, led by Japanese leaders, largely mission doing work in Korea. The 'financed by Japanese money, that it consulting staff of physicians for the .11·'

was only a matter of seventy years Sanatorium have been chosen from ago; yet it was two generations back various Protestant missions doing when such Christians as existed. had work in Korea who are interested in to conceal their beliefs, when notice anti-tubercular effort.-Korea Mission boards were to be seen on all hands Field.

forbidding the 'Evil Sect' and when many of those who dared to confess Aid Korea College Fund A their faith had to pay for their temer-GIFT of $50,000 from Mr. and ,(I , 1, Mrs. Henry Pfeiffer of New York, ity by imprisonment and other forms of official persecution. to the fund of $450,000 being raised "In this big meeting in Tokyo a few in America for new buildings and days ago, to mark the celebration of equipment for the Women's Christian "1 the coming again of Christianity, let- College at Seoul, Korea, has been an- II ters of congratulation were read from nounced. Mrs. Francis J. McConnell, the Minister of Education, the Gover- wife of Bishop McConnell, is chair- nor and Mayor of Tokyo and from man of the American Committee. The many others in high position."-Mis- college is conducted by the Woman's sionary Herald. Foreign Missionary Society of the

1930J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Methodist Episcopal Church and asso- for some years in Angola. Restric- ciated mission agencies. The project tions, however, were added which was started several years ago through would make missionary work almost the purchase of a fifty-acre tract of impossible. These the missions held land west of Seoul. to be a direct infringement of the re- ligious freedom secured by the treaty AFRICA of 1891 between Great Britain and Spiritual Blessing in the Congo Portugal.

THE REV. JOHN M. SPRINGER, The British missionary societies ad- of the Congo Mission of the Meth- dressed a letter to the Secretary of odist Episcopal Church writes: State for Foreign Affairs drawing at- tention to this infringement of t"eaty I am having a glorious time here now. rights. The British Minister at Lis- I have had the native teachers here and bon was instructed to make represen- we had a hearl-searching time. The Spirit of the living Christ began to work tations to the Portuguese Government. and is still working in the hearts of the Representatives of the missionary so- people. I like the idea of meeting the cieties met a representative of the Gov- natives where we can confidentially open ernment in Lourenco Marques in the our hearls one to the other and help each other. I have never been as near to the end of January, and a circular giving native heart as I have these past few months. I think sometimes the native an official interpretation .of the decrees confesses Christ but he does not give his was issued to administrators in the .I heart to Him. He is not able to conquer territory. The circular has relieved sin or lead a victorious life because there the situation to some extent by per- is sin down in his heart. In these con- mitting the printing and use of the ferences with the teachers, I feel that Bible, hymn books and other books for many of them are getting a new start. religious worship in the vernacular, In Elisabethville, Brother John Brast- rup and the Longfields have for weeks but some serious difficulties still re- been having special meetings for prayer main in regard to teaching adults to read the vernacular Bible and in re- and revival. The church was filled night gard to the employment of catechists after night and over 300 came to the altar. We were down there two or three nights and on Palm Sunday and realized who have not passed a certain stand- that they could not get into the new ard of education in Portugue~e-a church too soon as it was utterly impos- standard which is still beyond the sible at times for the people to get inside reach of large numbers of mature and the old church and a crowd stood at the doors and windows trying to listen. The trustworthy Christians. The mission- crowd that came for the six o'clock ary societies are still awaiting an an- Easter morning service was twice the swer to the representations made in capacity of the auditorium. Lisbon.

On the Likasi Circuit, there has been a steady program of holding special In Northern Nigeria, the position meetings at various points and there has remains little changed since the COll- been a continual enrollment of those who ference with the Governor in 1927. A have come forward to follow Christ. conference of the missionaries held in Since the conference nine months ago, Miango, in November, 1929, drew at- 500 have been received.

tention to the restrictions which ham- Restrictions in East Africa and per missionary activity in this area, Nigeria. and fresh representations have been I N AUGUST, 1929, two decrees were made to the Governor. issued in Portuguese East Africa which caused missionary societies seri- Negro Missionaries in Africa T ous concern. These decrees introduced WO young colored missionaries re- cently sent from Philadelphia to into East Africa the regulations re- garding schools, the use of the vernac- the Presbyterian mission in West Af- ular, qualifications of teachers and the riea, the Rev. and Mrs. 1. W. Under- employment of evangelists, preachers, hill, write that the people whom they etc., which have been found irksome meet are much interested in the fact

that the newcomers are colored. One NORTH AMERICA chief called a greeting from his gar- Hospital Evangelism I den on seeing them passing through T IS in our hospitals that many for the first time, and others for the his village: "Mbolo, my brother from across the last time, hear from the lips of symseas, they tell me you are black people, pathetic and consecrated men and but you do not look like it! Are you women the sweetest story ever told. really?" Mothers' prayers for sons and daugh- "Yes indeed," Mr. Underhill an- ters again and again have been answered. swered, and Bible verses stored in "Well, then," continued the chief, youth in memory's treasure chambers eager to hear more, "what tribe are after thirty and fifty years bestir the you?" intellect and demand consideration, re- Mr. Underhill said he did not know, pentance and self-surrender. A nurse so far as human tribes are concerned. in charge of a tuberculosis ward re- "What!" the chief exclaimed. fused admission to the little band of "Didn't they write your tribe down in Christian workers. In course of time a book?" He was much perturbed even after she was replaced by another nurse who cordially welcomed them. At the first Mr. Underhill explained that it was service, a message based on John 3: many generaUons ago that the slaves 14-16 prompted 14 out of 25 patients went to America, and that they were to request intercessory prayers. purposely separated as to tribes and In another ward of eighteen paeven families, so that the children did tients, six stated that they were benot know their original family or tribe. lievers in Christ and five of them said '" . "But," the missionary went on, "I that they were converted since their do know what spiritual tribe I belong admission to the hospital. When in to, and you can belong to it too if you an erysipelas ward no one accepted the want to. I belong to the tribe of God, invitation of the evangelist, the nurse and Jesus is my King." in charge set the example. She spoke Before they separated the chief, who to one of her charges and then both had announced that he had many raised their hands. Immediately in wives and hated Christians, promised different parts of the ward other hands that he would go to the services until were raised. Another day, a Chinese he found out more about the King of was one of four who raised their hands the tribes of God. when a returned missionary from Native Doctor 'for Natal China spoke to him in his own lan- guage, concerning Him, who was T HE first Zulu medical doctor to be wounded for our transgressions and qualified in 30 years, Innes Ballan- bruised for our iniquities, and is no tine Gumede, has returned to Natal respector of persons.

from England to work among his "Please do not fail to vi·sit my pacountrymen. He holds a unique posi- tients. They need your message of j 'f" tion among the natives of Natal and hope and cheer," said a nurse to the Zululand, who have not produced a leader of a little band of Christian t' I doctor since Dr. Nembula died over workers in the corridor of a well- 30 years ago. Dr. Gumede proceeded known New York hospital.-By Ernest to England from the South African A. Eggers, Hospital Evangelist, New Native College at Fort Hare, passing York. ,~, the qualifying examination for admission into medical classes in Europe Some Facts on Negro Life ',' :jI O and Great Britain. Natal natives are F THE estimated population of 117,000,000 in the United States proud of their doctor, and gave him enthusiastic welcome.-South African today about 12,000,000, or approxi- Outlook. mately one-tenth, are Negroes.

1930J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

-), Eighty-five per cent of the Negro of the mite boxes to which the children population of the nation is in the contributed during the Lenten season.

southern states, and sixty-six per cent It is an increase of nearly $500 over is rural. the amount raised last year.

In 1926 American Negroes operated A procession of 1,400 children wear- 1,000,000 farms; conducted 70,000 ing vestments of scarlet, gray, blue business enterprises; and had $2,000,- and white, iron gray or black and 000,000 in accumulated wealth. white, singing as they marched, passed About twenty-three per cent of the down the centre aisle of the cathedral.

Negro population is illiterate as com- Behind them came fifty members of pared with four per cent of the white the clergy in vestments of red and population. Negroes have made re- white. In the congregation were 1,600 markable progress in this respect, other children.-New York Times, however, dropping from ninety per cent illiteracy to twenty-three per cent La.ymen's Missionary Movement T in the sixty-five year,s since emancipa-HE International Committee of the Laymen's Missionary Movement tion. For the United States as a whole met in Chicago June 18th to review the expenditure per capita for Negro its work during the past year and to schools averages less than 'one-fourth determine its program for the year of that for .white schools. Here the ahead. Dr. Ralph E. Diffendorfer, ," figures range from $23 in Maryland Secretary of the Methodist Episcopal to $4 and $5 in extreme southern states Board of Foreign Missions, was the as contrasted with a national average guest of honor. President John C.

'/ of $75 for white rural children and Acheson of St. Paul, Minn., Chairman $129 for white urban children. of the Executive Committee, and In 1916 there were only forty-four former Vice Moderator of the Pres- high schools f.or Negroes in the whole byterian General Assembly, presided.

country. By 1925-26 there were 209 The report points out that the Lay- accredited four-year high schools for men's Mis,sionary Movement creates Negro youth in the fourteen southern among laymen a consciousness of their states, and 592 two to four year non- personal relation to and responsibility accredited high schools. Notwithstand- for the world mission of Christianity.

this progress there are still 281 The exi,stence of so many women's counties in these states without any missionary organizations among all colored high school either public or communions and denominations great- -' private. ly accentuates the need for a mission- The people of New Orleans have ary movement among men. It is completed successfully a campaign for gratifying to learn that the laymen $250,000 to guarantee the erection of who have been identified with this a $2,000,000 Negro university, health movement during the past twenty center and hospital. The white people years or more did not find themselves 1/ pledged $210,000 and the Negroes called upon to effect a new organiza- $117,000, the quota being oversub- tion, but adapted their program so ad- 'I. scribed by more than $70,000. mirably to the present situation that it has been enthusiastically received Children Donate to Missions by both ministers and laymen in every MORE than 3,000 children from 150 section of the United States. Sunday-schools in the Protestant The report reviews the present mis- Episcopal Di,ocese of New York partici- sionary situati'on, faces the difficulties, pated in a pageant at the Cathedral of outlines its task, re~ommends reme- St. John the Divine at which they pre- dies for overcoming the present prob- sented $40,896.58 for the support of lems, and shows how effectively the the missions at home and abroad. Movement has functioned during the The offering represents the contents past year.

Salvation A·rmy Jubilee Northern Baptists introduced a res- T HE Salvation Army celebrated it,s olution declaring that a nation-wide fiftieth anniversary May 16-23. educational campaign against liquor The occasion was characterized by was necessary, with indications that many meetings in various lands and such a campaign would be held. The with extraordinary demonstrations of report called for a determined stand enthusiasm on the part of Salvation against liquor and the observance of Army workers, and of strong commen- all laws. dation by many public men, and by Christian workers of various denomi- Coincident with the meeting of the nations. Convention was held the National Mrs. Herber Hoover declared that Oouncil of Northern Baptist Laymen. -The P't1esbyterian Advance.

the work of the Salvation Army is "of inestimable value to humanity" in a School for Rural Missionaries A greeting to Miss Evangeline Booth, T THE request of the Internation- al Missionary Council and varithe Commander-in-Chief. In sending this congratulation Mrs. Hoover fol- ous foreign mission boards, the New lowed the example of her husband. York State College of Agriculture at President Hoover, in a message read Ithaca conducted for one month a at the opening of the anniversary, con- school, primarily intended for mis- gratulated the organization on the sionaries of rural interests now on completion, in the United States, of furlough. Twenty missionaries reg- "fifty years of service to God and istered, coming from the Belgian Con- man."-New York Times. go, South Africa, Central and South India, Japan, North and West China.

Northern Baptist Meeting in Cleve- Although the school was an experi- land ment and nearly all the fifteen lectur- DR. ALBERT W. BEAVEN, Presi- ers were ignorant of the needs of rural dent of Colgate-Rochester Divin- missionaries abroad all who attended ity School, Rochester, N. Y., was testified to the value of the school.

elected President of the Northern The missionary students were sup- Baptist Convention which opened its plied with whatever bulletins ~re sessions in Cleveland, Ohio, May 28. wanted from the rich store of the He succeeded Dr. Alton L. Miller of university mailing room, and each spe- Boston, who in his presidential addres·s cial lecturer was not only generous warned the delegates that the forces with printed material regarding his 1 of atheism are a menace challenging subject, but encouraged the reference the Protestant denominations of the of problems to him in the future.- Missionary Herald. world.

He was followed by President Clarence A. Barbour, head of Brown Uni- WESTERN ASIA versity, who cautioned the delegates Turkey Proceeds Against American not to reject anything because it was Movies A new. READER sends us a translation Kansas City, Missouri, was selected of a notice appearing in a Turk- as the 1931 convention city. ish newspaper, MiUiyet (the Repub- An important feature of the second lic), of Stamboul. In this notice the day was a report on prohibition and Government authorizes announcement law enforcement, which was followed that "the National Association for the on Saturday with a keenly anticipated Protection of Children is preparing address by Mrs. Mabel Walker Wilde- two laws to submit to the grand as- brandt, former Assistant United sembly this year: 1. No child below States Attorney General. the age of 18 shall be allowed to buy In connection with prohibition the liquor or cigarettes; 2. No child be-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

-J low the age .of 15 shall be allowed to Religious Freedom in Egypt C attend cinemas." Laws thus intro- ONSIDERABLE attention has been given in recent months by duced under Government auspices are assured of enactment. In another part the missionary forces in Egypt to the of the ·same paper it is made clear that question of freedom of conversion the proposed regulations against the from Islam to Christianity. The mat- attendance of children at the movies ter is not academic, for in two test are a result of the Government's de- cases freedom for an unmarried Mos- termination to protect young Turks lem woman to embrace Christianity against what it considers the demor- has been denied by the courts. In one alizing effects of American-made films. of these cases the woman was actually The -situation is worth pondering. A a baptized member of the Evangelical nation that has been popularly identi- community in Egypt. The issue re- fied with anything but a puritanical solves itself into a clash between the code of manners-however unjust that Constitutional provision of absolute notion may have been-taking steps liberty of conscience and the Sharia to guard its children against the moral Law of Personal Status. It does not ravages of the moving pictures ex- appear that any bridge to the former ported from the missionary-sending from the latter has been devised. nation of America! The "infidel" Advantage was taken of the pres- aroused to protect his children's mor- .r als against the product of the "Chris- ence of the Egyptian Delegation in England to raise the question in in- tian" !-Christian Century. formal negotiation with them. It Syria as a RepubHc would perhaps be unwise to nourish too high hopes of success in view of A NEW constitution for Syria has been announced at Paris and pro- the fact that any public proclamation which would be satisfactory to Chris- claimed in the Syrian territory over tians would almost certainly arouse a t which French mandatory powers ex- tend. Under this constitution Syria strong orthodox Mo-slem protest which the Egyptian Government might fear will be a republic with a legislative as·sembly upon which will devolve as to meet. At the same time the issue is one of fundamental importance, not one of its first acts the choice of a only for Egypt but for other Islamic president. An independent statehood and a republican form of government countries, and there can be no ques- tion that a steady pressure must be have been Syrian aspirations ever since the country passed from the con- maintained until the desired end is reached.-Bulletin of The Internation- trol of the Turkish Sultans. The con- al Missionary Council. stitution comes as the limit of the concessions which France can make; Missionary Cooperation in Persia it does not embody three Syrian de- mands-the power of the Syrian Pres- THE REV. GEORGE H. TRULL, ident to proclaim martial law, to grant one of the Secretaries of the Pres- pardons and to appoint diplomatic rep- byterian Board of Foreign Missions, resentatives to foreign powers. Such writes regarding his recent visit to authority, France holds, is not in ac- Persia: cord with rights existing in a land "I was most favorably impres-sed under a mandate. It recognizes Syria with the fine spirit of cooperation be- as an independent State, it will recog- tween our missionaries and those of nize it as a republic as soon as the the Church Missionary Society of Syrian electors have chosen an assem- England. Mr. J. D. Payne, our Mis- l' bly and a chief executive, and it grants sion Trea·surer, at the request of the to the president the right to adjourn C. M. S. missionaries, makes arrange- and dissolve Parliament under speci- ments for all their travel to the home- fied conditions.-New York Sun. land. Evidently one treasurer might

serve bQth MissiQns. One TheolQgical Independent Methodist Church in Seminary and Bible Training SchQQI is nQW quite PQssible fQr the two. Mis- Mexico siQns. Nurses trained in 'Our Tabriz HQspital are nQW in Isfahan. A visit PLANS fQr the QrganizatiQn 'Of the to. Isfahan to. see BishQP Lint'On and Meth'Odist Church 'Of Mexico. by the the C. M. S. wQrk was most worth uniting ·Qf the churches nQW in the while. The bishQP is in favQr 'Of just Mexico. Annual CQnference 'Of the 'One Evangelical Church in Persia, as MethQdi·st Episc'Opal Church, and in are the Presbyterian missiQnaries. the Mexico. Annual CQnference 'Of the Plans fQr effecting this have been MethQdist EpiscQpal Church, SQuth, drawn up and are under cQnsideratiQn. were apprQved by the General CQn- In the last analysis, the Persian Chris- ference 'Of the MethQdist EpiscQpal tians shQuld be the 'Ones to. determine Church, SQuth. This brings into. its what form 'Of church gQvernment they final stage the desire 'Of the missiQnwill adQpt. The fine Christian attitude aries and natiQnals 'Of the two. branches taken at present bQth by the C. M. S. 'Of MethQdism in Mexico. to. unite into. and 'Our 'Own missiQnaries in relatiQn 'One Church. Since 1919 they have to' the matter, makes me hQpeful that been wQrking in separate fields, hQldin Persia in the near future we may ing separate cQnferences, and cQnductfind a fQrm 'Of gQvernment adQpted by ing separate institutiQns. The Genthe Evangelical Church which will eral CQnference 'Of the MethQdist cQmbine the best features 'Of EpisCQ~ EpiscQpal Church, meeting in Kansas pacy and Presbyterianism." City in 1928, authQrized its Mexic'O Annual CQnference to. unite with the LATIN AMERICA Mexico. Annual CQnference 'Of the Church, SQuth, prQvided the latter Unique Way to Reduce bQdy tQQk similar actiQn. Thi·s was the actiQn taken in Dallas in May. SLENDERIZING diets, when intrQ- CQmmissiQns are "authQrized to. fQrm- duced in Rio. de Janeiro. by the Y. ulate a basis 'Of uniQn, to. call an au- W. C. A. 'Of Brazil, puzzled the YQuth- tQnQmQus cQnference in Mexico., and to ful members 'Of the health educatiQn perfQrm such 'Other acts as may be clas·ses. "Shall we eat this diet befQre necessary in the QrganizatiQn 'Of the 'Or after meals?" was the questiQn 'Of MethQdist Church 'Of MexicQ." The 'One enthusiast. The use 'Of diet 'Or jQint cQmmissiQn is instructed also. "to exercise to. accQmplish results is fas- pl"Qvide fQr cQntinued 'Organic relacinating as well as new to. them. The tiQnship 'Of the present cQnferences Health DirectQr, Miss Helen PaulisQn, with the MethQdist EpiscQpal Church who. went to. Rio. de J arieirQ in 1927 and the MethQdist EpiscQpal Church, from the State Teachers' CQllege fac- SQuth, respectively." ulty in Kirksville, Miss'Ouri, had charge 'Of the recreatiQn at the first Brazil Sunday School Union girls' camp. When the camp was 'Opened three years ago. by the Y. W. T HE Brazil Sunday SchQQI UniQn C. A., it was difficult to. cQnvince par- has develQped a standard training ents that QutdQQr life was healthful CQurse which cQmprises twelve units fQr their daughters. The camp is nQW 'Of ten class peri'Ods-a Qne-hundred- PQPular with parents as well as girls. twenty-peri'Od CQurse. The UniQn's great prQblem nQW is to. prQvide the The Y. W. C. A. theQries 'Of health textbQQks needed fQr many 'Of these and cQrrective exercises were in such CQurses, but as the different missiQn demand that much 'Of Miss PaulisQn's bQards have begun to. make apprQpriatime was spent in a training course tiQns fQr the develQpment 'Of literature, f.Qr teachers and an advanced CQurse it is hQped that preparatiQn 'Of these fQr girls in training at Bennett CQI- texts may nQW go. fQrward withQut lege. i n t e r r u p t i 'On.

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Some Living Issues. By Robert E. Speer. today. Then follow chapters applying 280 pp. $2.50. Revell. New York. the principles of Christ to such prac- President Angell, of Yale Univer- tical questions of life as tolerance and sity, at the recent commencement, said its limits, prayer, marriage and di- that "the period in which we are liv- vorce, equality of women in the church, ing may well come to be known in re- education, and missions. The final ligious history as the 'age of unbe- chapter is the substance of the great lief' …… Hardly a week goes by that sermon on "Returning to Jesus," some new book does not appear attack- which Dr. Speer preached as Moderator ing one or another of the strongholds of the Presbyterian General Assembly of religious faith, while the popular on his return from the Jerusalem Con- magazines are flooded with articles of ference in 1928, a chapter which fit- like charact~r. Even college profes- tingly closes a noble contribution to .,f sors vie with itinerant lecturers and the religious literature of this gen- casual essayists in the chorus of athe- eration. istic propaganda."

Several books have been reviewed in The History of Protestant Missions in Xo- these columns that ably deal with this rea. By L. George Paik, Ph.D. 438 pp. situation. Most of them, however, $2.50. Christian Literature Society.

valuable as they are, are not likely to Seoul. 1929.

be read by many young people. Dr. The story of Christian missions in Speer's volume will doubtless secure Korea is one of the most inspiring wider popular hearing. He has prob- stories in the history of Foreign Mis- ably addressed more college students sions. It has been told in several books than any other Christian leader of this by missionaries and board secretaries, generation. He knows the youth's and now it has been told by a native mind and how to approach it. He dis- Korean who, after studying in the cusses vital religious questions in such mission schools in Korea, came to a clear and readable way that his book America and completed his studies at should be placed in the hands of tens Park College, Princeton University of thousands of young men and wom- and Princeton Theological Seminary.

en, as well as laymen who do not or- Afterwards he took post graduate dinarily read religious books. In these work at the University of Pennsylva- days of confused voices, when minds, nia and Yale University, the latter in- I: particularly among students, are be- stitution giving him the degree of wildered by doubts, a book like this is Doctor of Philosophy. He is now a 1' of inestimable value. Dr. Speer writes, professor in the Chosen Christian Col- not controversially but in catholic spir- lege, Seoul. Dr. K. S. Latourette, it, and the assured faith of one who Professor of Missions in the Yale can say with St. Paul: "I know Him School of Religion, highly commends whom I have believed." the book in a foreword. While the Seven chapters present the major volume is rather detailed for general truths about Christ-His deity, virgin reading, we concur in the judgment I" birth, crucifixion, resurrection, Lord- of Dr. D. J. Fleming, Professor of ship, and His place in the world of Missions in Union Theological Sem- 637

inary, New York, that "it ought to books, and brought together in one be in every missionary library and all corrected narrative the important in- board secretaries should have it." Or- cidents connected with the develop- ders sent to THE REVIEW will be for- ment of the missionary spirit and warded to the publishers' in Korea. activities of all the evangelical churches of that day. Beginning with Korea Calls. By Lois Hawks Swinehart. brief sketches of John Eliot and Da- 160 pp. $1.25. Revell. New York. vid Brainard, out of which grew the Mrs. Swinehart has given an inter- Society for the Propagation of the esting and instructive depiction of the Gospel in New England, and by which education, charming penonality, and William Carey and Henry Martyn sterling Christian character of an were inspired to enter on their mis- American girl who, following her vi- sionary careers, the author proceeds sion, became a missionary in a far to describe the rise of the great Methaway land in spite of the strenuous odist Home Missions Movement under objections of an aunt whose intention the leadership of Bishop Asbury, was to make her a queen among the whose personal record was the preachyounger set of an American City. The ing of 16,000 sermons, ordaining more author's story of Frances Holt's let- than 4,000 preachers, and traveling ters to her father, describing the pic- by horseback and carriage 270,000 turesque costumes, moods of life, miles. strange language and customs of Ko- It was, however, as our author reans, the beautiful landscape of Ko- points out, hyper-Calvinists (they rea, her unexpected fall into a "tiger called themselves "Consistent Calvindrive" on her initial journey and her ists") of the Edwardeon and Hopkinlucky escape are highly entertaining. sian type who took the lead in pro- The author points out, too, that the moting missions to foreign lands. service of carrying Christian faith, Both Samuel Mills of the Haystack hope, and love to oppressed, broken- prayermeeting and Adoniram Judson hearted, and benighted humanity were disciples of Samuel Hopkins, who throughout the world is the noblest held the view that "one must be willhuman endeavor and that it therefore ing, nay, even anxious to spend his requires the best type of men and eternity in hell if it should chance to women as missionaries. please God to send him there"! The book is written in lucid style and the story is facinating, even Readers of all denominations will though it is a disappointment to the find sketches of the beginning of the Korean on account of its revelation of missionary work of their several some of the worst and not at all of the churches, which are not brought tobest side of the social, religious, and gether in any other one book in such intellectual life of the Korean. a compact and interesting way. The whole story is made readable by a PEONG K. YOON. genial vein of humor, and the author's The Rise of the Missionary Spirit in Amer- comments are characterized by com- ica,1790-1815. By Oliver Wendell Ells- mon sense and a commendable breadth bree, Ph.D. 145 pp. Cloth, $2.00; of view. S. H. CHESTER.

Paper, $1.00. Williamsport Printing Co. The Present and Future of Religion. By This is a valuable contribution to C. E. M. Joad. 310 pp. $2. Macmillan. current mIssIOnary literature, al- New York.

though it contains little that is not This book is an example of the as- familiar to the student of missions. saults upon the churches. The author, The author has searched through al- a graduate of Oxford University and most innumerable periodicals, pamph- a lecturer on philosophy, says that his lets and sermons of the period, and "interest is that neither of a believer about two hundred contemporary nor of a sceptic but of an absorbed

BOOKS WORTH READING

spectator." But he reports with gusto pen and brush, as well as by her per- all the adverse statistics he has been sonality and prayer, extended in ever- able to get hold of, magnifies the de- widening circles throughout the Near fects of the churches, ignores most of East. Artist, writer and mystic, she their virtues, and minimizes what he found her ,theme and inspiration in cannot ignore. His book deals pri- work among the lowly, first in the marily with the Church of England, City of Algiers and then on long itiner- but he includes references to other ating journeys to the borders of the churches in both Great Britain and Sahara. No missionary in modern America. One of the many samples times has prepared more effective lit- of the judgment of this philosophic erature for the Moslem heart; and "spectator" is his statement on pp. 16, she was the pioneer in attempts to 17 that "far more people believe that make Christian literature in Arabic the Bible is inspired than that the first artistically attractive. The record of chapter of Genesis is historical. The her life here given happily consists inference seems to be that many peo- largely of extracts from her own jour- ple who regard the Bible as God's book nals and letters. There is scarcely any consider that He has wilfully deceived attempt at interpretation. One who His readers in the first chapter." knew her intimately sums up the se- When a writer makes a statement like cret of her life in these words: that, we wonder whether we should "Her wide outlook and vision, and vindicate his intelligence at the ex- her touch with world mission prob- pense of his sincerity or his sincerity lems, went hand in hand with a grasp at the expense of his intelligence. of detail which amazed, as did her memory. Her methodical files and The Epistles of Paul the Apostle to the folios and her unfailing attention to Thessalonians. By C. F. Hogg and W. business and to letters were all the E. Vine. 307 pp. $1.60. Pickering and more remarkable in one who had such Inglis. London. great artistic and literary gifts. Miss Trotter has always seemed to me, in A conservative, exegetical, practical, these nearly twenty years of working missionary commentary on the earliest under her, like a knight with a pure of Paul's epistles. It gives the mean- white banner floating on high, and ing of the text with references to all never for an instant lowered, a knight parallel passages. The authors write never off duty." S. M. ZWEMER. in a sane and scholarly way and their work was highly commended by the late W. H. Griffith Thomas. Unfor- Romance Road: Life and Work in North- tunately even this second edition has ern Africa. By Georgiana Barbara four pages of typographical correc- Such. 215 pp. $2.00. Revell. New York. tions. S. M. ZWEMER. An .engrossing narrative of travel Lilias Trotter. By Blanche A. F. Pigott. in Morocco and Algiers with brief ex- 245 pp. $2.50. Marshall, Morgan & cursions in Kabylia and Tunisia. The Scott. London. writer loves the Arabs and Kabyles The large circle of friends who have and has spent many days with them seen the clear flame of this candle in on the road and in their villages.

North Africa owe a great debt to Miss "Their condition is pitiful, their needs Ij Pigott, who was Miss Trotter's com- appalling, their poverty tragic, but I rade for half a century and who their hearts are clean and their souls Ii through months of weakness has com- worthy of our love." There are pen piled this memorial of a deathless life. sketches of Casablanca, the new Miss Trotter was born in 1853 and French capital with its mushroom died in 1928. The greater part of her growth, of Algiers in its romantic life was spent in Algiers where she beauty, of the dancing women of the founded the Algier's Mission Band, nomads, and of the wild weird per- but the influence she exerted by her formances of the dervishes. One

misses the background of those who about Russia-clear, comprehensive, know Islam as the dominant religion, up-to-date and judiciously fair. Have- and no direct mention is made of es- lock Ellis calls it "the most competent tablished missions, but the author is and best balanced book on Russia."

sympathetic in outlook although very "I've learned more from it than I have limited in her knowledge of Arabic. from any other book I've read for The illustrations are beautiful, but the years," says H. G. Wells. John Dewey picture of a possible jihad given in writes an introduction in which he the last chapter is fanciful. There is declares that "to read these pages with no map and no index. sympathy is to travel the road of a S. M. ZWEMER. liberal education. He has risen above the trammels of partisanship and Immanuel Hymnal. 600 pp. The Mac- achieved a depiction as objective, as millan Co. New York. 1929. impartial, as it is moving and varied."

In this collection of about six hun- The book shows that what is taking dred church hymns, with music and place is not a mere surface change, a responsive Scripture readings, the dis- realignment of existing institutions, tinctive features are the complete ab- but a veritable uprooting of humanity. sence of hymns having a Unitarian "Russia has plucked up the old world tinge or of obscure spiritual meaning, by its very roots, and the party in the introduction of much new music power is glad to see these roots wilt of a high order (one fifth of the tunes and turn to dust …… She wants a being new), and the excellent arrange- society without religion, with sex freement of the Scripture readings under dom, with external compulsions reheadings which suggest the Scriptural moved from family and love, with themes. There is also an admirable mental and manual workers reduced series of indexes, alphabetical, metri- to a plane of equality, with the indical and subject, first lines and tunes. vidual depending for his salvation not The collection represents a winnow- on himself but the group. A whole ing from the best great hymns of the generation is being vigorously reared Church of the past, with important in the belief that religion is a monnew material and the rediscovery of strous unreality, that the accumulasome of the best devotional melodies tion of material substance is the from the hymnology of Germany and grossest of wrongs, and that the man othpr lands. This hymnal will con- in its pursuit, especially the business tribute in marked degree to intelli- man, is the slimiest creature on earth." gent, spiritual worship. These are not the words of a man H. R. MONRO. who has depended on second hand in- formation. He was born in Russia, lived there till the age of fourteen Humanity Uprooted. By Maurice Hindus. when he came to America, and in 1923 369 pp. $3.50. Jonathan Cape and went back to Russia, and since then Harrison Smith. New York. has visited Russia almost annually, roaming at leisure in Siberia, the Cau- Everywhere people are thinking about Russia. There is an impression casus, the Volga region, the Ukrains, that something unprecedented is tak- the Crimea and the far North, his ing place, but there is a suspicion that Russian birth and knowledge of the some of the reports are Soviet propa- language opening to him sources of ganda and that others are the exag- information that were closed to others.

gerated charges of hostile critics. Just No one who wants to know the real what and why is the Russian type of truth about Soviet Russia can afford Communism? What is it doing? What to miss this authentic and graphic ac- are its merits and demerits? This count of an upheaval among 150,000,- book answers these and related ques- 000 people, which may have a porten- tions. It is preeminently the book tous effect upon the world.

The Missionary Review of the World — November 1928

What Bible

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I Co:Ud~Th::P~ints 1-' • CONCERNING LET YOUR GIFT ANNUITIES to Foreign Missions Safety PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME Enlarged Income Prompt Payment You can make a generous gift to foreign mis- Guaranteed Income sions and have a needed income for yourself No Reinvestments and others from the money you give by the No Administrative Costs Annuity Gift Plan For /urth.r in/ormation Addres.: W. J. ElUott. Trea.urer 01 the Board 01 Home This plan relieves you of uncertainty and worry caused by changing values of invested Missions …d Church &,en.io~ 01 the Methodist funds and assures you a fixed income of EpilCopal Church. 1701 Arch Street, Philadelphia.Pa. 4t% to 9% per year Morris W. Ehne.. Treasu,n 01 the Board 01 for the rest ofyour life Foreign Mi..ionl 01 the Me,hod.st Epiacopal Church. A reserve fund of over $1.500,000 guarantees 150 Filth Avenue. New York City. the promIlt payment of annuities to you.

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DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor NOVEMBElt TABLE OF CONTENTS Page A PERILOUS JOURNEY FROM BATANG …….. .Roderick A. MacLeod 869 THE VALUE OF OUTDOOR EVANGELISM You should answer without hes- ….•.•.•……. John N. Wolf 877 itation, these and many other Bible questions. Mail the cou- WITH STANLEY JONES IN SOUTH pon. We will send you free big AMERICA. Webster E. Browning 881 new Bulletin telling how Moody Bible Institute Home Study STUDENTS AND FOREIGN MISSIONS Courses have helped 38,000 men TODAY .•….. .Jesse R. Wilson 885 and women through directed systematic study of the Bible. A MISSIONARY CALL AND THE RE- Send now. No obligation. SPONSE …•…• .John T. Faris 892 THE PRESENT-DAY CITY TREND .. . . . . . . . . . . Charles Hatch Sears 893 ON THE EDGE OF AFRICAN MENTAL- MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE ITY …..•….. . Herbert Smith 899 CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL MISSIONS AND WORLD PEACE ….. . .. …. … . " . .Frederick Lynch 907 Dept. 4688, 153 In.titute Place, Cbieago,lU.

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WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN MIS- Ih~~~:="':~';~·'·;·:·;:::=::'.::·:·:==::'·.~':.::':.:::::::::=:':::~:.·:::':.::~=~::::::':~::~:~::::::::~:=~:~":.~:::.:~J SION BULLETIN …………. . …. . , . .Edited by Florence E. Quinlan and Ella D. MacLaurin 917 WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK ………… 926 COMING EVENTS BOOKS WORTH READING ………. 942 The American Council of the World Alliance for International Friend3hip TERMS.-$2.00 a year. ($2.00 in club. of Through the Churches will hold its thirfive.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, teenth annual meeting in the form of an 2~ cents. Publlshed monthly. Copyrighted, International Goodwill Congress in New York City, November 11th to 13th. 1928, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COM.. PERSONALS PANY, INC. All rights reserved.

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REV. AND MRS. FREDERICK S. CURTIS of Shimonoseki, Japan, for forty years mis- sionaries of the Presbyterian Church in Japan, have recently returned to America, having been honorably retired by the Board. * .. * REV. JOHN MACKAY, LITT.D., formerly This FREE a Scotch Presbyterian Missionary in Booklet Peru, now Religious Work Secretary of Tells How the Y. M. C. A., Montevideo, Uruguay, has been elected one of the Secretaries of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. Dr. Mackay is a graduate of Aberdeen University and Princeton Theological Seminary. He has had a remarkable career as evangelist and teacher in Latin America where he developed the Anglo- Peruvian College for Boys which enrolls sons of many of the leading families .. .. .. and has been practically self-supporting.

MR. ARTHUR M. HARRIS of Harris T HE coupon below will bring you an Forbes & Company, New York, was interesting booklet about the Bible elected president of the Northern Bap- Annuity Bonds of the New York Bible tist Convention at their meeting in De- Society. You can read at your leisure how troit last June. Rev. Mark A. Levy was elected corresponding secretary and Mr. these bonds pay you as high as 9 SO with Orrin R. Judd, treasurer. ABSOLUTE SAFETY. You will find out * .. .. how you can assure yourself a dependable income for life and at the same time aid a MR. W. H. P. ANDERSON, general secre- great Christian work. Sending for booklet tary of the Mission to Lepers, has re- places you under no obligation. Mail the cently arrived in America from London coupon for your copy now. for the purpose of holding conferences with the American Mission to Lepers representatives with wnom the London .. .. .. society is cooperating.

DR. C. T. WANG, the Chinese Minister of Foreign Affairs for the Nanking Gov- ernment and MR. T. V. SOONG have been elected to the newly organized Board of Directors of St. John's University, Shanghai, which is the property of the Protestant Episcopal Church of North America. .. * '" DR. AND MRS. D. W. LEARNED of Kyoto, NEW YORK BIBLE SOCIETY Japan, have recently completed fifty DEPARTMENT 34 years of missionary service and are re- 5 East 48th Street New York City turnin~ to America. The best part of -NE-W -YO-RK-B-IBL-E-SO-CI-ET~Y, -De-pt.-34—– their lives have been given to Doshisha College. … .. '" 5 East 48th Street, New Yorl< City CARMEN PADIN ALVAREZ, the Spanish Without obligation to me, 'Kindly ser.d me a copy of woman who was imprisoned for stating your bOOklet, u A Truly Ch['h,tian lr.vestment. j that the Virgin Mary was not to be looked down upon because-she bore other Name…_______._.________________ .. __ .. __ _ …… Age children like other women, has recently been released from prison. Addre~s __.___… __ ……………… _.-.- (Concluded on the 3d cover.) City………………………………….. State_ …………………

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LI, No. 11 November

THE MISSIONARY %eWO&,,-.~ A PERILOUS JOURNEY FROM BATANG BY RODERICK A. MAcLEOD,* of the Tibetan Border Missionary oj the United Christian Mi88ionary Sooiety I T TOOK us four months to the journey happened just after make the hazardous journey we had crossed the divide that sep- through the wild mountainous arates the Yangtze from the Meregions of Eastern Tibet, Western kong, where the trail crosses the China and Upper Burma. This is divide at the Tsali pass-15,880 a land of high mountains through feet above sea-leveL After we had which four mighty rivers-the crossed this pass and had de- Yangtze, the Mekong, the Salween scended about 2,000 feet towards and the Irrawaddy–cut deep the Mekong, we crossed a rocky gorges. For a part of their course ridge and were suddenly transthese rivers run paralleL In some ported from the dullness of bleak, places they are less than twenty barren mountains to the delights miles apart, but the divides that of a natural park of rare beauty. rise between them reach altitudes It was covered with a carpet of from fifteen thousand to twenty- wild flowers; around its borders five thousand feet above sea-level. were natural hedges of flowering Some of the gorges cut by these shrubs; the rhododendrons were rivers are from ten to thirteen in bloom and, to make the scene thousand feet deep. Our party of complete, a stream of sparkling four adults and five children water ran through the midst of crossed all these rivers and the garden. In this scene of wild climbed over these high divides. natural beauty we unpacked our Every day of the journey had its loads, turned our animals loose to interesting events, only a few of graze, and began to prepare our which can be mentioned here. noonday meaL We were beginning to feel the effects of the wild, weird The most spectacular incident of or have been asked to write concerning a calm that pervaded the place, when we were roused, as by a whip, with journey which a party of missionaries made the w. ild war-whoop and the deaf- 'in the summer of 1'927 from Batang in the ening fusilade of the Tibetan brig- Tibetan Marches to Rangoon in Lower Burma. ands. They came on after the irD~~~~n c~~~isi~~irot,~~r'ch~l:?re~~~ ~oaril':;f manner of the North American ~~J.e~~~:~'d %:.tk~Al M~~L~~Je~n~~h~I':'~~~~~ ~~~~~~c,;'~:M!~I~~d.and five years of age.

869

Indians, rushing over the ridge doned shepherd krall where my which we had just crossed, shout- wife and children had taken refuge.

ing their terrible war-whoop, and He was a young fellow; and, after discharging their fire arms as soon the manner of youth, believed in as they came within range. making it "short and snappy and The object of this demonstration with lots of pep." He began by was not murder, but terror. They making a grand demonstration of did not want to take our lives, but what a fierce and terrible being he they did want to take what we had. was supposed to be. He rushed in- They sought to terrify us to such to the krall; let out a wild whoop; an extent that we would give up discharged his musket at my wife's our earthly possessions, with a feet; drew his saber; jabbed it fair measure of grace and good menacingly at her and the chil- will. They took aim, not to hit us, dren; and demanded their coats but so that we might hear the bul- and hats.

lets hiss past us. After a prelim- My wife was somewhat prepared inary of this sort of shooting the to meet a situation of this kind.

"gentlemen of fortune" were upon It so happened that before she went us. to Batang, she had been a high A picture of the one who took school teacher for several years charge of me would make a first- and it had been her duty to dis- rate illustration for the front page cipline young men of about this of "Treasure Island." He was a robber's age. She was thus fairly veritable pirate. A red turban was well acquainted with human nature wound carelessly about his head -which is much the same the and a dirty "pig tail" projected world over. She turned on this from beneath. He wore large rowdy and told him that he ought silver ear-rings, studded with tur- to be ashamed of himself, a big quoise, a large saber was thrust ruffian like him terrifying little under his red girdle, and he had children as if he were afraid they a great musket in his hand. He would do him harm.

demanded to know what I had. At "Well," said he, "make the chil- his request, I handed him the dren stop crying."

things which I had in my pockets. "I will," she replied, "when you In his raw-boned face, burnt brown quit acting roughly."

with wind and sun, I thought I So saying she reached out and saw a calmness and gentleness rescued one of the little boy's pants which emboldened me to address from the heap of clothes which the him. children had thrown to the robber.

"We have," said I, "in our boxes, This little fellow had been quicker books and papers which are of no than the others to obey the robber's value to you. Will you please let orders, and the first thing my wife us keep them?" knew he had thrown his pants to He replied that he did not have the robber. This rebuke had the time to consider the matter; and, desired effect on the bandit, and he as I was at the wrong end of the said: gun to start an argument, I kept "I'll not hurt the children," and, quiet. picking up the coats and hats he In the meantime another mem- went away.

ber of the band entered the aban- Meanwhile another of the

A PERILOUS JOURNEY FROM BATANG

bandits was relieving the Duncan beaten. But he got up, made his family of their possessions. When way to the chief of the brigands, he had finished they were left in and there made such a stirring ap- an open space, swept by a musket peal that the chief gave him the fire which the bandits kept up in MacLeod roll of bedding which shooting at our porters who were contained tents, cots and blankets.

fleeing for safety up the side of the This was all that remained to us.

mountain. It was both uncomfort- All our money, clothing, food, and able and dangerous for the Dun- the Duncan's bedding was gone.

cans to remain in this place. The Even the baby's basket had the civilized bullet passes by with a lining and padding torn off and sound like a fraction of a hiss; but the large leaden ball which the Tibetans use passes by with a ter- rible twang-a twang which is very stimulating to the human mind. One cannot keep from im- agining and almost feeling what the results would be if one should happen to stop one of these twang- ing things. Besides this mental discomfort there was the danger of that very thing happening.

There was danger of being hit.

Mr. Duncan took a baby on each arm; and with remarkable cool- ness, he and his wife made their way across the fire swept-space to shelter.

The brigands repacked our boxes on the animals and drove them off. Then our porters returned and we began to take stock. None of us were injured. Some of the carried away. Another unfortufood in the two boxes which we had nate circumstance was that we opened to prepare dinner was left were wearing our old clothing. All to us. Our porters had saved most our good clothing and shoes were of their barley meal. One of our men had worked for Dr. Wm. M. in the boxes which the brigands Hardy during his two terms of had taken.

service in Batang, and for Dr. A. We gathered up what was left L. Shelton during Dr. Hardy's fur- and went on. Our porters went lough. This faithful Tibetan asked with us. Along the way, we saw one of the bandits for our bedding; evidence of the feudal warfare and, when refused, declared, "You which has been going on for the might as well kill these children last few years among the Tibetan as to take their bedding in this chiefs. The villages were in ruins.

cold place; they will perish of the Smoke-blackened clay walls were cold." For this daring appeal, he all that remained of what once was knocked down and severely were good substantial homes. The

inhabitants were in arms. From us with escort therefore, we de- time to time we kept meeting bands cided to cross to the Salween, then of armed Tibetans, and we breathed go on to the Irrawaddy, and thence, freely when they passed without through the wilderness, to Putao molesting us. After six and one- in Upper Burma.

half days of anxiety and travel, we We needed food, clothing, money reached Tsechong on the right bank and porters for the journey. In this of the Mekong. region there are so many deadly At this point it might be of in- diseases that porters are afraid to terest to make a few remarks re- go long distances from home, lest garding Eastern Tibet. This is the they be stricken with disease and most promising part of Tibet. It die away from their people. Pere is well watered. The valleys are Ouvrard came to our rescue. He fertile and grazing lands are abun- gave us food, clothing, money, and, dant. Along the Yangtze and the most important, persuaded his Mekong, agriculture, fruit-grow- own people to carry our food, ing, and ranching can readily in- clothing and children. Our grati- crease one hundred fold. All that tude to this good friend is inex- is necessary is law and order. pressible. He cheerfully gave us Since the beginning of civil strife of what he had. He made us feel in China, the Chinese have gradu- the truth of St. Paul's expression, ally lost control of Tibet. Only a "God loveth a cheerful giver."

small part of Eastern Tibet along The crying need of this part of the Mekong and Yangtze remains Yunnan Province is medical mis- to them. Even in this small area, sions. In all the region from Yun- the Chinese exercise little author- nanfu to Batang-forty-three days ity. The Tibetans have driven them march-and west to Putao there is out and revived ancient feuds. The only one man with knowledge of towns of Tsakalo, Batang, and Western medicine–Mr. W. J.

Litang are still held by the Chi- Hanna who is stationed at TaHfu.

nese; and the small, underfed, Add to this the fact that such dis- unpaid garrisons in these places eases as malaria, typhoid, typhUS, are about to give up in despair. relapsing-fever, blackwater-fever, At the present time, on account of sprue, and smallpox are very prev- the lawlessness that exists, mis- alent. These conditions give rise sionary work is very difficult. to a serious situation-the use of When some kind of permanent opium as a panacea. Every spring, government is formed this will be one quarter of the fields of Yunnan a splendid field for pioneer mis- are planted with poppy. Those sionary work. The courageous, who handle and distribute the stalwart, rugged Highlanders of poppy crop advertise opium as the Eastern Tibet will make splendid greatest medicine known. Its Christians-the type of Christian power to relieve pain convinces needed to take all Tibet for Christ. those who try it, and as a result At Tsechong there is a Roman the opium habit in Yunnan is ap- Catholic Mission in charge of Pere palling. There is so much disease Ouvrard, from whom we learned and pain and fatigue that sufferers, that the road to Yunnanfu was in- in their efforts to get relief, use fested with robbers. There was no opium and form the habit. God government in Yunnan to furnish will bless, and future generations

A PERILOU!'< JOURNEY FROM BATANG

Used by penM88ion of Roder/ck A. MacLeud. 'rHE FLOWERY BANKS OF 'l' HE MEKONG NEAR WHANGFUPING will rise up and call him blessed are no bridges, for the rivers are who will show the Yunnanese a rapid and wide. The Mekong, for better way of relief from pain than example, is about one hundred the use of opium. yards wide, and pours through its gorges a raging torrent. The na- On the 27th of July, 1927, with tives have devised a unique way of good Pere Ouvrard's blessing we spanning these wide rapid streams. left Tsechong for Putao. Long bamboo poles are split into In this part of the world there

shreds which are twisted into a were in constant danger from long, stout rope. A large post is stones which were loosened from firmly fixed high up in the bank of the trail by the feet of the porters.

the river. From this post the These stones, gaining speed as they bamboo rope is stretched across rolled, passed us with great ve- the river and made fast to another locity. When a stone got started, post at a lower point in the oppo- a great shout went down along the site bank. The traveller places on zig-zag trail to warn those on this rope a piece of wood shaped down below of the danger.

like a ridge tile and called a "sad- In the valley of the upper Sal- dle." Over this saddle he places ween Roman Catholics maintain a strap which he ties firmly about two mission stations, one at Ba- himself. Then he clasps his hands hang, in charge of Pere Andre, the firmly over the "saddle," some one other at Chamutong., in charge of gives him a boost and he shoots Pere Genestier. These are, per- rapidly along the rope to the op- haps, the most isolated mission posite side-a most thrilling per- stations in the world. During four formance that made the children months of the year, when the shout with glee. One of the little passes are covered with snow, these boys said,' "Let's go back again." stations have no communication In this way we crossed the Mekong, whatever with the outside world.

the Salween and two branches of It was thrilling to meet these pio- the Irrawaddy. neers and to share their hospital- On leaving Tsechong, our first ity.

task was to cross the high divide The most difficult part of our between the Mekong and the Sal- entire journey was the trip from ween. In this ridge snow peaks the Salween to Putao which took rise in majestic beauty. Eight- us thirty-six days. We dragged our- een miles north of the point at selves up steep places by vines, which we crossed there is a mag- roots and bushes, jumped across nificent snow peak about 25,000 deep chasms, crossed raging tor- feet above sea level. It is called rents spanned by a single log and, "Kawakapo" (White Snow) and holding on vines, crossed the faces is considered the abode of a deity. of high precipices. Along the sum- Thousands of pilgrims from Tibet, mit of this divide is a most miser- China, and Burma visit it yearly able place. Here the warm mists to prostrate themselves in adora- from the Bay of Bengal are con- tion at its foot. As its snow-white densed and precipitated in chilling pinnacles stand out against the rains and snows. The ground is blue sky it has the appearance of of a blackish color, and covered a colossal marble temple. The point with a growth of stunted fir trees, at which we crossed this ridge is bearded with long grey moss. Here about the same height as the sum- and there are dark pools of glacial mit of Mt. Blanc. Numerous water. At intervals we saw the streams of water rush down from a bleached skeletons of travellers glacier near the top of the pass. overtaken by snow storms. The We crossed the glacier without gloom of the tomb seems to per- mishap; and, after a rest at the vade the whole place. Night over- top, began the steep descent to the took us and we were forced to Salween. On the way down, we camp in this desolate place. Dark-

A PERILOUS JOURNEY FROM BATANG

ness descended upon us like a pall. tions would be when our three cup- The next important place was fuls of rice were consumed. We Nogmung. Here things began to had not gone far when our look serious. Our porters had been wretched caravan was lifted from carrying for three days without its gloom to the thrilling heights nourishing food. OUt" own supply of joy. The supplies from Putao was down to three cupfuls of rice, arrived. Everybody ate and was the remains of a dole given to us filled. Five more days found us in by a petty official. To make mat- Putao and another twenty-one ters worse, two men and a boy were seriously inj ured in the fall- ing of the approach to the sus- pension bridge at this place. This bridge was made by stretching three strands of rattan across the river and weaving into them slats of bamboo on which to walk. On the left bank, the rattan was made fast to a cross piece tied across two trees that grew near the water's edge. This cross piece was about eighteen feet from the ground and about twenty feet from the bank. Three bamboo poles were laid from the bank to the cross piece and on these were tied slats on which to walk. I had started to cross the bridge (it was so old and rickety that only one person could cross at a time) and left the two men and boy standing on the approach. I had made about ten paces when I heard a terrible crash. Turning about, I saw that those on the bridge had disap- peared. I hastened back and saw Usea by per;mis8ion that the bamboo poles from the bank had slipped off the crosS piece TIBETAN WOMAN AND BOY CROSSING and the two men and the boy were THill MEKONG ON BAMBOO ROPE AT TSECHONG precipitated on the rocks below. days' tramp through the jungle There they lay groaning and bleed- brought us to the railway at Myit- ing and unable to move. I could kyina where we met Mr. Geis of not get down where they were and the American Baptist Mission.

called for help. Mr. Duncan came Two days on the train, and we with porters, carried them to a hut were in Rangoon. We had left Ba- and treated them as best he could. tang on the 27th of June and ar- On leaving Nogmung, our port- rived in Rangoon on the 28th of ers were hungry and in a sullen October. Over the worst part of mood. It was difficult to keep from the journey the women of the party wondering what our own medita- walked for twelve days.

One sometimes hears the ques- this fellowship, by reproducing its tion: Why does the Church send life in others and making them a people to such distant and such vital part of itself-making them dangerous places? Why send peo- members of the one and living felple to places where they get them- lowship that will continue to grow selves and others into trouble and in beauty and joy forever. The are sometimes killed? The answer church is a "fellowship in furtherto this question is found in one of ance of the Gospel." That is why the most significant expressions in the Church sends out missionaries. the New Testament, "Fellowship is Each member is "impelled by the furtherance of the gospel." Here expansive movement of his own we have. an adequate definition of irrepressible soul." The life within what the Church really is. The the Church is a burning and shin- Church of Jesus Christ is a "Fel- ing light that permeates as far as • lowship in furtherance of the gos- it can shine. The more it is aflame pel." with the true light, the farther it will shine. The Church of Christ is as Jesus prayed it might be. Its members The missionary is merely a vital are one in the same way that He part of this living fellowship. He and God are one–to use the lan- does not go to the field alone. The guage of the Master: "One even as church goes with him. When Paul, we are." They are made alive to- the first and greatest of foreign gether by a common life. They are missionaries, was a prisoner in drawn together and held together Rome, he was confined in a cistern by the divine qualities of that life. shaped dungeon. Yet from this They love one another as they love gloomy depth, he could write that Him; they work with one another amazing letter of joy and confias they work with Him. dence to the Church at Philippi. He was never alone. His cell was The missionary activities of the the center of a joyous fellowship. Church arise spontaneously from God was there; Jesus was there; its nature as a living body. They and, what is no less significant, the arise from impulses inherent in Philippian church was there. "I the life of the Church. The divine have you," he wrote them, "in my life that animates the Church has heart." It is ever the same. The within it an impulse to impart it- fellowship of the spirit is, to the self-to reproduce itself. The missionary, as real as his own ex- Church shares in the impulse that istence. The Church is always with sent Jesus into the world. Paul him. He has the Church in his felt it and became a missionary. heart. The spirit which animates It makes every last member of the the Church says to the missionary, Church a missionary. Love con- "go," and adds, "I am with you strains them. Love is God's life in always, even unto the end of the action-God spontaneously shar- world"-till the last human being ing His life with people–recreating is made to live and to thrill with them with it, animating them with the life which is in Christ, till the it, making them conscious of it, last living soul, created in the making them one with Himself in image of God, is made worthy of mind and heart and will. Missions eternal fellowship with the Creis the Church in action-the ator and Lover of all. Church enlarging and enriching

WOLF DISTRIBUTING GOSPELS TO JEWS ON FIFTH

THE VALUE OF OUTDOOR EVANGELISM BY REV. JOHN N. WOLF, New York Bupe' i ntend-ent of th e E t:angetillHc D epa,rtf.,.. en t J Nahonal Bibl e lU8tit ut f~ T HIS is the day of specializa- and after the dinner period, we tion. It is of prime import- can reach the promenaders and ance that some Christians at theatergoers; again at midnight, least shall be specialists in the meetings are conducted to catch work of going out to tell lost sin- the crowds after the theater. God ers how to be saved. After many blesses the effort no matter what years of experience as colaborers time the meetings are held. together with Christ, we believe that outdoor evangelism is the best There is the added advantage, means that we have for producing that these outdoor meetings can soul-saving specialists. be held at almost any place. Some are conducted in the great financial Hundreds of thousands of peo- district of New York, Wall Street pIe in our great cities never darken and lower Broadway; others are a church door. They will not come held at the parks, the shopping to church, therefore the messen- centers, and the great congested gers of Christ must go to. them. tenement house districts. These Outdoor evangelistic meetings can meetings have extended in the metbe conducted at almost any hour ropolitan area all the way from of the day. At the noon hour we the Battery to Yonkers and from catch the crowds on their way to the Hudson River to Far Rockaor from luncheon; in the after- way. All five boroughs, Manhatnoon we catch the shoppers; in tan, Bronx, Queens, Brooklyn, and the early evening we reach the Richmond are included. New York business folks on their way home, is the greatest city in the world, 877

and outdoor evangelism offers the City conducted 3,337 distinct out- greatest o!)vortunity for Christian door evangelistic meetings, having work. Multitudes who will not go an aggregate attendance of almost to church or visit the mission halls, half a million. Of this number 3,- will attend these street meetings 203 persons publicly responded to and listen to the Gospel. By the a very definite invitation to accept grace of God we can reach them Jesus Christ as their Saviour and for Jesus Christ. Lord. In addition to these many This phase of Christian .service others followed the speakers and also has a great advantage in being sought to know how to have eternal a most economical and effective life. During the same period we way of administering our Lord's distributed free of charge 63,420 money. There is no rent to pay. copies of the Gospels, New Testa- Our "church" in Madison Square ments, and tracts. The total cost Park, of which Dr. J. K. Sterrett of this immense work was only is the pastor, is not an expensive $10,OOO-or about two cents per institution to maintain. It has a capita to reach sinners who prob- beautiful blue dome and other ar- ably cannot be reached in any tistic features. Sometimes the other way. Compare that with the "roof leaks," but in spite of this cost of maintaining some of our closely packed audiences give at- large churches with small results.

tention to the preaching of the Surely this is economical admin- Gospel. There are no mortgages istration of the Lord's money.

necessitating payment of interest Outdoor evangelism also pre- on our outdoor auditoriumiil at sents the greatest opportunity for Wall Street and Broadway, Madi- the training of Christian workers.

son Square Park, Union Square There are today men in the min- Park, Columbus Circle, down in istry, on the mission field, in evan- Hell's Kitchen, over in the Gas gelistic work, scattered far and House district, up in Little Italy, wide, who had their training in a down in the Ghetto, or wherever large measure at the outdoor it may be. With a little sanctified meetings. One young man, a for- ingenuity to attract attention, in mer student in our school, is today a few moments we can gather a teacher of the large men's Bible congregation, sometimes as many class in the First Baptist Church as five or six hundred and more. of New York. He was led into No elaborate equipment is neces- Christian service by being asked to sary, no pipe-organs, or highly go down to the corner and hold a trained choruses. All we need is meeting. He has developed into a small stand or a soap box and one of the very finest evangelistic an American flag. Some of the preachers in New York City. Two finest preachers on earth give the others trained in this way are now message on street corners. They superintendents of gospel halls in must be good speakers or the crowd New York City and a colored will not stand and listen. If the brother is leader of the Junior speaker does not hold their inter- Church at the Metro!)olitan Bap- est they will give up their "re- tist Church where between seven served seats" and pass on. and eight hundred young people During the year 1927, The Na- attend his service every Sunday tional Bible Institute of New York morning. The pastor of the Lev-

THE VALUE OF OUTDOOR EVANGELISM

erich Memorial Church of New come to accept Jesus Christ as York, the pastor of the Grace Bap- their Messiah. tist Church, Belleville, New Jersey, a missionary in Africa, another in Most important of all is the op- Central America, and many others portunity that out-door evangelism testify to the value of their train- gives us for reaching young men. ing in the outdoor evangelistic Wherever there is a possibility of meetings. a meeting, men, ofttimes able men, calling themselves "Free Think- Most Christians are interested ers" or the "Four A's," gather the in the work of bringing the Gospel young men of our day to teach to God's "Chosen People." Out- them anything and everything that door evangelism, in New York and other cities, is one of the greatest is absolutely opposed to Christian- ity. They ridicule, they blaspheme, A NOON MEETING ON FU"l'H AVENUE, NEW YORK-ALL JEWS opportunities in the world for and do their best to undermine the reaching the Jews. Experienced faith of boys who have been reared workers acquainted with the situ- in Christian homes. At most of ation say that this is the largest these meetings ninety per cent. of Jewish mission field in the world. those who attend are young men. There are said to be approxi- There is a need for young men for mately two million Jews in New the ministry today. Outdoor evan- York City and at almost every gelism is the way to reach and to meeting conducted on the street win them. corners many Jewish people are in the audience. At some locations In the Morning World under the audience seems to be one hun- date of December 16, 1927, Comdred per cent Jewish. Although oc- missioner Kennedy gives some cas ion a 11 y there is a little startling figures for the city of opposition, they are always ready New York. He says that during to listen and to discuss. Many have the year just closing there were "227 boys between sixteen and

twenty committed to State's prison given practice in public speaking. Their and 100 of twenty-one years; there beginning is admittedly modest, but it is were 505 between these two ages hoped that the school will grow into what sent to the New York State Re- the Opposition will call a seminary. The formatory at Elmira; there were movement needs large numbers of trained 529 between the ages of sixteen debaters and lecturers. well-grounded in and twenty-one, and 186 of twenty- the principles of Atheism. There should one years of age who were com- be a training school in every large city. mitted to the penitentiary. County jails received 34 under sixteen, 4,- On page 19 the report says, 835 between sixteen and twentyone, and 1,310 of twenty-one years A man or woman of any talent should of age." According to these figures, be able to collect a group, especially of during the one year there were the younger generation, to discuss reli- 8,728 boys twenty-one years and gious subjects, and occasionally to hold under committed from New York a debate. Forums should be established City to the penitentiaries, reform wherever possible.

schools, and prisons. Note that The opponents of Christianity these were not from the state, but realize the value of outdoor meetfrom the 'city. ings as a means for reaching young men and work on the streets; they We have here a copy of "The are constantly busy to promote Report of the Four A's," (The atheism. It is the privilege of all American Association for the Ad- Christians under the guidance of vancement of Atheism). Under the Holy Spirit and by the grace the heading of "School and Col- of God, without any great gifts lege Branches" (page six) it says: and without any great expenditure The revolt of modern youth, which so of money to go forth on the streets alarms the Orthodox, makes easier the of our city to tell out the simple formation of anti-religious groups in story of the Gospel. As the Gospel high schools and colleges. With the is proclaimed it demonstrates beelimination of religious instruction and yond any possibility of contradicthe introduction of the teaching of mod- tion that "It is the power of God ern science, particularly Evolution, one unto salvation to everyone that bemay with truth say that the schools in lieveth." Thank God that as the their courses fight for Atheism." result of such ministry there are many men serving God today, Most of these groups are, for obvious preaching the Gospel in New York, reasons, secret. Whether open or secret. and throughout the world. their titles vary from "Truth Seekers" and "Liberal Club" to "Damned Souls" These are five great facts that and "Society of the Godless," and per- show the importance of outdoor haps at the extreme, that of a recent evangelism. It offers the greatbranch in a California high school, "The est opportunity for reaching the Hedonic Host of Hell-bent Heathen." masses; it offers the most eco- This branch had, at last report, thirty. nomical and effective way to use five members out of 300 students, and the Lord's money; it furnishes with systematic proselyting hopes to the greatest opportunity to train have one hundred by the end of the Christian workers; it gives the school year. The leader is an enthu· greatest opportunity to reach God's siastic young genius, until recently very Chosen People, and it offers the active in the Church. greatest opportunity to reach young men for Jesus Christ. This Under the heading of "Atheist privilege is ours-to be colaborers Training School" (p. 6) it says: with Christ in the great work to which He has called His followers. The national office has established in New York a training school with meet· ings for the present once a week. Young men and women and boys and girls are

STANLEY JONES IN SOUTH

BY REV. WEBSTER E. BROWNING, LL.D., Buenos Aires, Argentina Scoreta.ry 0/ the Committee on Oooperation in the Republic oj the Rio de la Ptutu ; N INTENSIVE evangelistic his spirit and methods. But there are several situations which have f i campaign of three months, emerged from the campaign which may be of interest to the readers in four of the leading coun- of these pages.

tries of South America under the 1. As already suggested, it was leadership of Dr. E. Stanley Jones proved that the various groups of of India, was made possible by the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church and the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America. The interest and sympathy of the missionaries of practically all the evangelical groups were enlisted, and the cam- paign has had a wonderfully vital- izing and unifying effect on all who were able to share in the experi- ence.

Leaving New York City in June, Dr. Jones first visited three of the most important cities of Brazil, then continued south to Uruguay, crossed the Rio de la Plata to '

Argentina, thence across the broad pampas and over the Cordillera de los Andes to Chile; then journey- ing northward he stopped one day in Lima, the old capital of the vice- roys of Spain, and returned to New York. It was necessary for him to concentrate on the larger centers of population, generally near the coast, but many interested DR. E. STANLEY JONES workers came from the interior, some traveling five hundred miles evangelical workers are willing to at their own expense. In this way, unite in an undertaking of mutual a large number of workers heard interest, if a sufficient challenge is the evangelist and carried back in- presented. For the time, at least, spiration to the smaller congrega- conflicting theological shibboleths tions that were unable to have him were laid aside and all were ready in their midst. to unite in listening to the evan- The author of The Christ of the gelist reason of the things that per- tain to the Kingdom of Christ. Indian Road and Christ at the Representatives of more than a Round Table is too well known to dozen groups of workers in Argenneed either analysis or praise of 881 2

tina, widely divergent in their gelical interpretation of Chris- creeds and manner of organization, tianity, can be touched to the quick met daily to confer together as to by the simple and tactful presenta- methods of Christian work, and tion of the claims of Christ, when not once was a note of discord those claims are freed from the sounded. Some had come with the shackles of this or that school of expectation that they would be thought and He is allowed to speak compelled to criticize. But their for Himself with all His matchless criticism was hushed, and at no power.

time did the discussions descend to The mind of the cultured Latin the lower levels of sectarianism. American is probably more analy- Perhaps the explanation was to be tical than is the mind of the medi- found in the fact that the evan- tative philosopher of the Far East, gelist, with incorrigible persist- and it was feared that the messages ency, presented Christ as the all- that had appealed to the highest sufficient Figure, and, as a result, type of mind in India might not at- in His presence the discussions tract these more nimble thinkers were kept on an unusually high of the West. But, once again, the level. universality of the Gospel message Some who had been considered has been proved, in that some of extremists, or narrow in their the outstanding scholars and thinking, were heard to exclaim, writers of the continent listened after days of study together, that with rapt attention and confessed after all it is Christ who must be afterward that this new interpreta- enthroned, and that methods of or- tion of Christianity-new to them ganization and sectarian interpre- -had been a distinct revelation.

tations must be kept in a secondary One such, the editor of one of the position. Hearts were made tender, most influential papets in Latin and the true spirit of cooperation America, referring to a luncheon and unity in Christian service was in which he had heard Dr. Jones, exalted as it has never before been said: "Since then I have been liv- exalted in South America. Any ing in a new world. I have Christ one who knows the religious life of in my heart and I am happy all the these republics and the tendency time." Others, while seeming to to an almost endless division of the dispute with the evangelist, con- evangelical forces (there are forty- fessed afterward that their op- four varieties in the River Plata position was only superficial, and Republics alone) will appreciate that new avenues of thinking had with what joy this fact has been been opened to them along which hailed by those who are more in- they proposed to travel and con- terested in the wider and more tinue their study.

vital implications of the Gospel In one meeting, almost two hun- than can be condensed into any dred national teachers with their sectarian formula, however broad. Inspectors and the Minister of 2. It has been proved that even Pul;>lic Instruction, listened to an the most highly cultured Latin appeal that made a deep impres- American, generally supposed to sion on all and called forth from be deeply contemptuous of religion the Minister certain statements and impervious to its influence, that show how deeply some of especially as regards the evan- these leaders are thinking along re-

19281 WITH STANLEY JONES IN SOUTH AMERICA

ligious lines, although completely Christianity. Hundreds of young out of sympathy and touch with men crowded the meetings at the the dominant church and as yet Y. M. C. A., very often standing outside the direct influence of the throughout the program, and lis- Evangelical Movement. tened with deep attention to the appeals of the evangelist. On one S. The campaign has also shown such occasion the meeting was that hundreds of young men and closed with prayer after permiswomen, the future leaders of sion had been asked which was a political and social life in these very marked departure from the countries, are now on the fringe usual procedure in such meetings of the Evangelical Movement, but DR. STANLEY JONES WITH S,['UDEN'l'S AND I<'ACUUl'YOF 'l'UE UNION 'l'HEOLOulCAL SEMINARY AND '['HE 'l'RAINING SCHOOL FOR CIIRIS'rJAN WORKERS IN BUENOS AIRES are ready to assume an attitude of in Latin America. Every head deeper interest, if the present seemed to be bowed in reverent atawakening can be maintained. tention and many crowded the Many have been influenced by the after-meetings in quest of further Christian Associations, but the light and counsel. churches seldom or never see them within their doors. Their interest 4. Many of the leading evanand curiosity have been stimulated gelical workers are convinced that in the past, but there has been but now is the time for the evangelical little or no concerted effort to guide movement to enter this new field of them into channels of thought activity. Heretofore, many of the which will bind them to a vital workers, both foreign and national, have been hesitant, rightly recog-

mzmg their deficient cultural been held and resolutions adopted, preparation for this advance asking that certain workers be reamong leaders of. national thought, leased for this new task-much as while others have been fully con- Dr. Jones has been released for his tent to continue their efforts where special work in India-to go up there was less resistance and the and down the continent, challengprospect of more immediate re- ing its thought and holding up turns on the investment of life and Christ and the Christian concept funds. of life. Such workers must be na- tionals. The day is fast approach- The Boards back of these ing, if it is not already here, when workers have not been entirely the soul of Latin America can no blameless, since, as one of the mis- longer be reached through the lips sionaries recently remarked, "What of a foreigner – especially of one the Board demands is a report of who originates north of the Rio the number of additions to our Grande. Dr. Jones was presented church during the year. This idea to the public in the frame of India, of the gradual permeation of so- rather than that of North Amerciety with the Christian ideal may ica, and his skill and tact acquired be all right, ,but we are expected to during many years of service in a show practical results in the report similar field stood him in good of new members." stead in the prosecution of his task. But men of such unusual Today, there is a growing feel- preparation are few and are ing that the section of society in seldom available for this special which the workers have long op- work. Consequently, it is the naerated is becoming saturated, and tional, well equipped, culturally that unless they now move out to and in deep Christian experience, undertake new tasks that demand a who, with the moral and financial different strategy and greater ef- backing of the Board or mission, fort, the evangelical movement is must set himself to this new task. destined to become a spent force, or degenerate into a mere rivalry As was to be expected, the evanof sects, within a limited circle, gelist has left the field with serious with the consequent and inevitable problems that cry aloud for solufriction that results from the clash tion. The opportunity has come of personal convictions and ambi- for a great advance – but, as a tions. Spanish proverb tells us, "Oppor- tunity is bald behind." 5. Consequently, in some centers, meetings of leaders have already BOTH of the English papers at Buenos Aires and two of the leading Spanish magazines have published gratis advertise- ments supplied by the American Bible Society's agency secretary. Through the advertisements hundreds of copies of Spanish Bibles have been sold to people living in remote parts of the country who could not have been reached readily by colporteurs.

AND FOREIGN MISSIONS

BY JESSE R. WILSON, New York Secretary of the Student Yoluntcer Movement Jar Foreign Mi8M01tS J RE students interested in mis- the people among whom he had .fi sions? been working, and was qualified in Decidedly not! every way for effective service.

If the question is general, the an- This decrease in the number of swer must be definite and negative. new missionaries and increase in Interest involves information and the number of permanently furthe average student knows as much loughed missionaries has been comabout the missionary work of the mon knowledge among students inchurch today as the average citizen terested in missions. Some of their own fellows, after years of prepaknows about relativity. He may ration, have applied for appointhave heard the term but all it con- ment only to be rejected because of veys to his mind is a blur. Put the "lack of funds." 1 Many of their question to even nominally Chris- acquaintances are not returning. tian students, "Do you believe in In some cases, the reasons for stayforeign missions?" and the prob- ing in this country are obvious to able response will be that quizzical all and are thoroughly justifiable look which one gives who does not so far as both the individual and understand your language. the Board are concerned. In other instances, however, the impression Where students have become in- gets out that something is wrong terested enough to seek informa- with the Board, the mission, or the tion, several facts have given them work, and interest in missions serious concern. One is a decrease in the number of outgoing mission- aries. Few realize how great this suffers.

has been. For the ten-year period Student Questions 1916-1925 the average number of Very naturally, therefore, some missionaries going out from the students have been asking them- United States and Canada every selves: year was 1,040, but the past five years show an average of only 877, "Why should I purpose to bewith only 728 going out in 1926, come a foreign missionary if the and a decrease to 558 in 1927. evidence points to a gradual decline of missionary interest?" Further, there has been a great increase in the number of mission- "Why should I prepare for mis- sionary service if the chances are aries who after one or two terms heavily against my ever receiving of service are not returning to an appointmeIit?" . "Even if I should be appointed, their respective mission fields.. The same reason that has. kept'.the will what assurance do I have that my Boards from sending new missionaries has often kept them frOlii're- services be wanted or needed turning older ones; namely, lack over a long period of years?" of funds. This has been true in "Is the reduction of the number many cases wher e the smkiesdsifo·onrabrYy 1 Others. of course, are rejected because they want ed t 0 ret urn, was a do not qualify win. health. training. or per- sonality.-J. R.

885

of missionaries due chiefly to lack many students. To this group, of funds, or is the day of missions even the phrase "so-called Chris- over?" tian America" is not used any "Are the church boards follow- more; "non-Christian America" is ing an unannounced policy of with- the usual term now. Suggest for- drawal from all mission fields? If eign missions to any of this group they are," say some fine students, and one of the first responses will "they can withdraw without my be, "Should we not clean up at help. I am interested in an ad- home first?"

vance and not a retreat, however Some years ago a traveling sec- strategic the retreat may be." retary of the Student Volunteer "If this is not the case, do the Movement, Dr. Walter Judd, now Christian leaders of mission lands a missionary in China, wrote a really want missionaries or will my pamphlet on "Why Leave non- presence among them as a repre- Christian America for the Orient?"

sentative of a foreign sending The great popularity of this agency tend to thwart their natural pamphlet has revealed how wide- growth and development?" spread is the question discussed by Such qu'€stions as these are it. But despite a fine array of conlargely organizational, but they are vincing arguments by Dr. Judd, asked by students who might, if showing why we cannot wait till conditions were different, become America is more Christian before deeply interested in missions. If, carrying our Christian message not only in words, but also by an abroad, the question persists. The effective forward program, posi- only effective answer will be a new tive and convincing answers could and determined effort on the part be given to these questions, such of the church at home to make answers would remove one of the America really Christian.

greatest obstacles to a serious and Speaking conservatively, in the .deeply personal consideration of past not more than one out of every missions as a life-work on the part two thousand Protestant Chris- of some of our finest undergrad- tians has gone abroad as a mission- uates. ary.2 No one can argue that if Still another reason why there that one should have stayed at has been a waning interest in mis- home conditions would have been sions among students is that they greatly different. They would not have, in recent years as never be- have been. On the contrary, the fore, been facing the evils of our very going out of missionaries has own land. Racial and industrial stimulated many Christians at conflicts, amounting almost to civil home to greater effort. The loss war at times, class hatred, exploi- of some has been more than com- tation of the poor and weak by the pensated for by the renewed zeal rich and powerful, scandals in the of others. But the question goes government, scoflawry, economic deeper than that. It is not, "Am (and sometimes even militaristic) I really needed at home?" It is imperialism abroad, and a vast rather, "If the thousands here in category of evils have taken all America cannot produce better re- complacent satisfaction with our own country and our own western civilization from the minds of

STUDENTS AND FOREIGN MISSIONS TODAY

suIts than they have produced, cannot be sure. The best course to what basis have we for believing pursue is to "bet one's life there is that Christianity will solve the a God." Many nominally Christian problems and meet the needs of people do not even go that far.

other lands?" They only say, "I do not know that That students are justified in there is a God but I am going to pressing this point is evidenced by live as if there were and, in the the following honest confession of meantime, as opportunity offers it- the recent Jerusalem Missionary self, I shall keep up the quest."

Council. Now this kind of religion, which The Church has not firmly and effec- at best is a mere side-line of intively set its face against race-hatred, tellectual effort among many race-envy, race-contempt, or against so- others much more absorbing, does cial envy and contempt and class-bitter- not produce missionaries. Misness, or against racial, national, and sionaries are not knights on a social pride, or against the lust for quest. They are couriers on an wealth and exploitation of the poor or errand. They are not groping weak. We believe that the Gospel 'pro- seekers after an unknown God; claims the only way by which humanity rather they are men and women to can escape from class- and race-hatred.' whom God has already revealed But we are forced to recognize that such Himself hi,storically and in their a claim requires to be made good and that the record of Christendom hitherto is not sufficient to sustain it.

This claim must be sustained if the own experience in and through church expects to inspire in its own Jesus Christ. This revelation is so young people, not to mention the rich, so wonderful, and so increas- people of other lands, the belief ingly sufficient for the deep needs that Christianity is an adequate of their own lives that they seek to remedy for the ills of mankind. put others in the way of the same To the doubts which students knowledge and experience.

have as to whether or not they can But to say that in the colleges or ought to be missionaries is today there are very few students added a third consideration which who have passed through a spir- acts as a deterrent force to any itual adolescence wherein childhood who today seek to promote an in- faith has become a glowing bright telligent and active interest in for- reality, transforming, engaging, eign missions on any of our college and compelling, is not an expres- campuses. Many students do not sion of pessimism. It is a plain have a type of Christian faith and statement of fact. Our modern Christian experience which de- processes of evangelism and reli- mands that this faith and experi- gious education in church and ence be shared with others. To school are not producing men and many, God is a problem to be women after this pattern in any solved, l!ot a joyful reality to be great numbers. Until they do, the experienced, much less to be challenge to foreign missionary shared. To them even the problem service is going to fall, for the most of God is not an urgent one. If part, on deaf ears; and well it may, one has time for it, aU right; hut for no matter how attractive, if not, then it does not matter learned, capable, and unselfish one much. The world seems to go along may be, he is not qualified to serve with a pretty good swing, God or as a Christian missionary set for no God, so people say. Besides, one the advancement of the Kingdom

of God unless his whole life-what getting a hearing, much less a he is and what he does – is favorable consideration?

grounded in some vital, growing, Gloomy though the picture is, we and satisfying personal experience do well to look at it, for it is of God. against this background and in re- Some think that this is a fairly lation to it that signs of hope for gloomy picture. It is; and it the future begin to appear. Cercould be made gloomier still if in- tainly for the past five or six years stead of dealing with at least the student attitude of North nominally Christian students, as I America with reference to foreign have done, reference were made to missions has been characterized by that large number of students who, lack of information, lack of interseemingly, feel no constraint what- est, sharp and caustic questioning soever to unselfish living. It is of the whole program, and in some easy enough for men and women cases a spirit of indifference that in our colleges today to hold that has been almost impregnable. success is not measured by service but by dollars. Utilitarianism de- However, certain churches, ortermines the value of curriculum ganizations, and individuals have courses; and the possibilities of been unshaken in their faith in the acquisition rather than of function divine origin, continued necessity, or service determine ca·reers. Per- and present urgency of the mis- sionary cause. Moreover, they haps there has never been a time have maintained their faith in when more thought was given to students and have not let all of the principles of vocational guid- them forget that some people at ance as applicable to students, but, least still regard missions as the unfortunately, most of those prin- most "serious and significant of ciples are such as to render inop- 20th century enterprises." Weak- erative the essentially religious nesses and defects have been idea contained in the word "voca- frankly acknowledged; but contion" – a call, implying One who vincing facts have been set forth calls and therefore a divine com- to show that missionaries in and mission. through an unselfish spiritual min- istry, are bringing men to Christ One writer on vocational guid- who breaks the shackles of moral ance for college students lists the evil and guilt and releases men and following as criteria of profes- societies and nations from crampsional success: "membership or ing custom and blighting social fellowship in the professional so- practices so that in Him they may cieties ; salary and net income; stand up free and complete.S offices in the professional societies; well-recognized professional dis- Chang-esin Student Attitude ~tinctions, such as medals, govern- Within the last eighteen months, pf .·ment appointments,· commissions some observers have been able to and awards various kinds ; fiilan- . see the· beginnings· of significant cial responsibility of :professional changes in the attitude of at least In assignments" ; and others of a . a few students. In the recent past, similar character. such an at- undergraduates who have been at mosphere what chance.does a chal- all interested have dissected mis- lenge to foreign missions have of 3 See the Jerusalem Message Statement.

STUDENTS AND FOREIGN MISSIONS TODAY

sions as they are prone to dissect have, they are able to effect some every other problem of the day- real deliverance from many of the with a great deal more of irre- evils that afflict the world." sponsible slashing than careful observation. They have not deigned The Pre-eminence of 1 esus Christ to profess any personal interest. In recent months, however, while But students who are serious questioning has persisted, a bit of and thorough in their study of com- "what does all this mean to me?" parative religion discover that, spirit has begun to manifest itself. against the background of a grow- "If things are wrong, maybe I ing knowledge and sympathetic aphave some responsibility for set- preciation of other religions, Jesus ting them right," say some. "Be- Christ, fulfilling and securing "all sides there may be more to com- the good of which men have conmend than I have ever guessed." ceived," stands out in a clearer "What's right with missions?" is light than ever before. They are seen by some to be as pertinent a able to see with others that "just question as "What's wrong with because Christ is the self-disclosure missions?" Certain it is that a of the One God, all human aspira-. new kind of missionary interest is tions are towards Him, and yet of manifesting itself on some cam- no human tradition is He merely puses, and while few life commit- the continuation. He is the desire ments are being made, the period of all nations; but He is always of purely academic inquiry for the more, and other, than they had desake of criticism seems to be pass- sired before they learnt of Him."

ing.. The glib statement that one re- ligion is just about as good as an- .Another significant change in other simply does not stand in the student attitude is coming from light of an honest, appreciative, their study of comparative religion. thorough – going study of the Our age has witnessed great de- world's living religions. It is evivelopments in this field. We all dent to all serious students that, have or may have a fairly intimate on the basis of the solidarity of the knowledge of non-Christian reli- human race, i. e., common chargions. With this knowledge comes acteristics, common needs, common a growing appreciation of the fact problems, that religion which is that in all ages and in all lands best for any people is the one best men's hearts and minds have for all. If Jesus Christ is essenreached out toward goodness, tial to the highest and best life of beauty, and truth, and that in all the West, He is essential to the these realms significant discoveries highest and best of the East, and have been made. It is clearer to us for the same reasons. than to men and women of any' other generation that God has not We do not go to the nations called left Himself without witness noncChl'istian, because they are the worst among any people. Fear orreluc- of the. world, and they alone are in need tance to admit this has been rapidly -we go because they are a part of the giving way to a rejoicing in the world and share with us in the same hufact "that even -apart from con- man need,-the need of redemption from scious knowledge of Him, when ourselves and from sin, the need to have life complete and abundant and to be remen are true to the best light they made after this pattern of Christlikeness. We desire a world in which Christ will not be crucified but where His Spirit shall reign.

This is the argument of the J eru- social and industrial and interna- salem Message stated so as to re- tional problems of the day rightly veal the compelling motive back of expect that roots, once planted and Christian missions. And it is an duly nurtured, shall produce the argument that today is securing an fruits of righteousness, justice, interested and responsive hearing mercy, and truth in corporate as from many students. This is true well as individual life. Jesus said, whether they discover it for them- "By their fruits ye shall know selves in their study of compara- them." It is a poor sort of evan- tive religion or hear it fairly pre- gelism that does not result in a sented by others. better community life.

Missions and the Problems of Life The last two conventions of the Student Volunteer Movement, at Further, students are discerning Indianapolis and Detroit, have that the missionary movement is spent what seemed to some a dis- concerned about the real problems proportionately large part of the of life. In recent years the im- time allotted for meetings to this pression has been abroad that the secondary aspect of mISSIOns.

best energies of missionaries are However the student attitude, as- spent in merely nurturing a feeble suming as it did that missions are church which does not give much set for the propagation of a re- promise of helpfulness to the com- ligion having to do with the prob- munity in which it is located. It lems of the next world to the is a wrong impression, but evi- exclusion of those here and now, dence to support it has not been seemed to demand just this em- wholly lacking. And the charges phasis. The beginnings of re- and citations of students have at newed interest in the work of the least been strong enough to do two church around the world on the things. They have brought forth part of many students paving the from almost every field and out of way for the quieter and more ef- every period of the modern mis- ective processes of the Movement sionary movement an abundance of point to a justification of these con- data showing that missionaries vention programs.

have to do with life-needs and life- Religions Beliefs That Matter problems of the people among whom they labor. They have also Finally, an increasing number of stimulated missionaries and mis- students today are coming to a sion boards to face anew their re- place where they recognize that sponsibility not only for a program there are some religious beliefs of evangelization but one for which matter. In recent years Christianization as well. Evan- many have refused to think in the- gelism is always and everywhere ological terms. This is true not the primary task of missions. only of students. "The generation Anyone who discounts its im- that is drawing to a close has been portance is lacking in spiritual dis- trying on an unprecedented scale cernment. But evangelism, how- the experiment .of a creedless re- ever essential, is only the planting ligion." As a close observer has of the roots of the Christian faith. pointed out some "have tried to go And students interested as they back behind intellectual formula- are, and ought to be, in the great tions to the experience out of

STUDENTS AND FOREIGN MISSIONS TODAY

which all formulations arise and than in the other two Jesus Christ have found the gist of religion in is revealing himself as unique, uniquality of life"; while others versal, essential. As men yield "have tended to substitute action themselves to Him, He meets the for intellection and to center atten- deepest needs of their lives and tion on devotion to the Kingdom becomes to them an all-sufficient of God even if one's opinions were Guide for conduct and career.

utterly at sea as to what 'God' The trend in stUdent Christian means." thinking is now in this direction. Na one would argue that it has pro-. But such attitudes cannot long ceeded far. No one can be sure commend themselves to any large that it will continue in the same number of people. "Any complete direction, especially in view of the religion is threefold. It is mystical, undiminished strength of materialpractical, and metaphysical. It in- ism and practical atheism regnant volves a radiant experience, a so- in the western world on and off cial program, and a philosophy of college campuses. But I believe it life." There has been, therefore, will. I believe it because the spiron the part of a growing number itual influences which have iniof students anew quest for God in tiated the trend have already personal experience and a deepen- demonstrated their ability to oping conviction that a coherent erate in spite of the forces in world outlook in relation to God is opposition. I believe it because absolutely necessary. Once again history reveals that the Christian Jesus, who has been speaking with life and message have in the past authority to students on the prob- triumphed over similar forces. I lems of war and peace, industry believe it because I believe in God and internationalism, is being -His wisdom, love, and powerlooked to for a sure and satisfying and His effective concern for a revelation of God. Those who world of men, women, and little heretofore have gone to the New children who are in need of that Testament simply to extract some full deliverance which the Gospel principle applicable to the problem of the Son of God proclaims and in hand are beginning to go to it secures. I believe that the spirit for light on one's self, the world, of this same Father-God will conhuman need, God, the ultimate vic- tinue to work in the hearts and tory of good over evil, and the minds of American students until, possibility of "an ever-growing, compelled by a full-rounded and ever-enlarging, ever-lasting life." transforming experience of Him- They are learning again that men self and a vision of the world of live not merely by mystical ex- human need, many of them will be periences, nor yet by absorption willing to give themselves at home in programs of social betterment, and abroad to the end that men but also by ideas of ultimate values everywhere shall become partakers and basic realities by every word with them in the glorious inheritthat proceedeth out of the mouth ance of the sons of God. of God. In this last realm no less

A MISSIONARY CALL AND THE

BY REV. JOHN T. FARIS, D.D., Philadelphia, Pa.

O N MARCH 22, 1883, an issue he wrote of the fur traders in their of The Christian Advocate company: and Journal and Zion's "These men incur more danger Herald contained a call from Dr. ,for a few beaver skins than we do Wilbur Fisk, President of Wes- to save souls; and yet some who leyan University: call themselves Christians would "Hear! hear! have persuaded us to abandon our "Who will respond to the call enterprise because. of the danger accompanying it."

from beyond the Rocky Moun- The story of the heroic service tains? in the Oregon Country that fol- "We are for having a mission lowed, is a part of the wealth of home missionary literature. Look established at once. Let two suit- up Jason Lee; read of him and of able men, unencumbered with fam- his fellow worker, and of Marcus ilies, and possessing the spirit of Whitman who was sent out by the martyrs, th'row themselves into t~e natives, live with them, learn theIr Congregational Church only a lit- language, preach Christ to them, tIe later: Read of the decision and-as the way opens–introduce made by Narcissa Prentiss to acschools, agriculture, and the arts company him, and of their joint of civilized life. The means for persuasion of Dr. H. H. Spalding these improvements can be intro- and his bride to go in their com- duced through the fur traders, and pany. Mrs. Spalding was told that by the reinforcements with which she was not strong enough for the from time to time we can strength- journey and for the hardships that en the mission. Money shall be would follow, but she replied with forthcoming. I will he bondsman true Christian fortitude, "I have for the Church. All we want is made up my mind for Oregon."

the men. Who will go? Who? I Then came the long overland jour- I know of one young man who I ney whose narrative is an epic, and think will go, and I know of no the service among the Indians one like him for the enterprise. which is among the romances of If he will go …… we only want home missions. How these misanother, and the mission will be sionaries paved the way for setcommenced the coming season." tiers who came after them to the Jason Lee responded to the call. Oregon Country; how they found He persuaded his nephew, Daniel their way to the hearts of the In- Lee, to go with him. Two. others dians and made converts among joined them later. The Journey them; how Mrs. Whitman became was made by river and on horse- a ministering angel to the Indian back to Missouri, tI~en with a train women and children, while her of trappers to the Northwest. husband proved his love for God There were those who called fool- by hard service in field and forest ish this home missionary pioneer and pulpit, and his love for men bound for Oregon, but Jason Lee by his repeated efforts in behalf thought otherwise. In his diary of hundreds who crossed the plains.

892

PRESENT·DAY CITY~TREND·

BY CHARLES HATCH SEARS, New York Secretary oj the New York City Baptist Mission Society T HE City has a certain in- my friend asked me to be more ob- trinsic value: folks, people– serving. Then I saw apple trees all kinds of people, white, growing in the wildwood. They black and intermediate shades; at- were not "wild apple trees" some- tractive and unattractive, crude times to be found in woodlands and cultured-the ends of the earth but had been planted. These apple tied into a new bundle of humanity, trees carried on the tradition of a the ends are terribly frayed but all one-time homestead. The boys had are people. God save the people. gone to the city. The old folks- Make ever so small an improve- yes, there was the burial plot. My ment in a city and many people friend had built an attractive sum- reap advantage from it. mer home on the hillcrest over- Dr. Isaiah Bowman, in speaking looking a group of New Hampshire of the great irrigation projects of lakes and adjoining the old farm the government, in a recent article house where four generations of in Foreign Affairs says: his kin had lived and where one of The Reclamation Service has been in his brothers still lived, but the existence for twenty-five years. It has farm was in a state of suspense. developed irrigation projects where water has been stored aud where the settler has This is the rural aspect of the been invited to come in under terms re- "city trend." Population movegarded as generous. In twenty-five years ments leave a trail behind; often how many people have we actually taken pathetic, sometimes tragic. care of? The total farming population upon the twenty-four national 'irrigation projects of the West after twenty-five Why the City TrenH years of government aid and generosity The old farm in central New is but 137,000. York where the writer's boyhood In one small section of New York was spent is still in action, but the stretching from the Battery up to "cradle" which he once swung into Houston Street, a little over two miles, there are 340,949 people. standing grairi has yielded to the People everywhere! "binder." One man on a binder or a mower can accomplish more My friend pointed out where a than a half dozen with cradles or neighboring farm house had been scythes. "Farm hands" are no and then the site of the old school- longer required. house, but nothing remained. There were not even cultivated Labor replaced by the machine is fields, nothing but a stretch of back of the city trend. Up to the woodland – second growth. But Civil War the majority of workers within the states were on farms.

• One of a series of articles on population ro As late as 1880, 44 % of them, while movements in America: the frontler moveM ment; the city trend; the immigration move- by 1920 only 26 were engaged in men t; and the suburban trend. The purpose agriculture. Until after the Civil of theae articles is to show the missionary im- War the United States was preplications of these important population move- dominantly rural and even during ments within the United States. Supplemental the decades of the '70s and the articles on the northern migration of Negroes; and the return of the European immigrants are cOJ;ltemplated.-O. H. S, 893

'80s there was an enormous agri- are many other more human ex- cultural development in the west. planations. The writer can well Secretary of Agriculture Jardine remember the agricultural depresrecently stated that the farm pop- sion in the east of the '80s and '90s due both to these causes and to the ulation decreased 2,000,000 from more general application of ma- 1919 to 1924 and yet the farmers chinery on western farms. He can in America "in the five-year period also recall the lure of the city. The social contrast between the citycentered on 1925 averaged a vol- bred boy and the country boy, and ume of production about one- how this applied even to the counseventh larger than the five-year try boy after a few years of city residence – better-fitting clothing, period centered on 1919." faces not so red, hands not so Machinery which released men rough, "manner" more attractive to the girls of the village. "John from the farms created a demand must be getting on in the city." for workers in factories. The num- "How much is he getting?"-and the city trend was on. It took all ber of workers in factories in- six boys from my father's farm. creased from 1,311,246 in 1860 to 9,096,872 in 1920 while the value This city trend is reflected in the of manufactured products in- last Federal Census. In 1800, 40/0 creased during the same period of the population of the United States lived in cities with 8,000 or from $1,885,861,676 to $62,418,- more inhabitants. The next 50 078,773. Weber, in "The Growth years brought a comparatively of the Cities in the Nineteenth small advance to 12 %, but the next Century," puts the matter scien- 70 years brought 44 % of the pop- tifically. ulation into cities of 8,000 or more The Industrial Revolution and the era and 51 % to all towns and cities of of railways, both of which opened earliest in England and the United 2,500 or more. States, have been the transforming agents in the redistribution of popula- A Recent Phenomenon tion. They are the elementary forces in the bringing about of Modern Capitalism. The redistribution of population is accomplished not only by a movement from the fields to the cities, but also, by migration across the seas.

In his last statement we see how Absorbed in our own generation closely related to the city trend is it is difficult to appreciate how the immigration movement, just as sudden has been the advent of the we have seen how the city trend is great city. Dr. Josiah Strong the converse of the depopulation of ("Challenge of the City") called rural areas. All these population attention to the death of an old movements are part of a whole. man who was the first child to be The church is in the midst of them. born in the city of Chicago. True, a city had its social pull even in But another factor must be taken Roman times. These words of into account. Manufacturing with Juvenal might apply to the modern its concomitants trade and com- city instead of to Rome in the secmerce tends to concentration of ond century – "If you can tear population and the building of yourself away from the games in cities. Agriculture does not re- the cireus, you can buy a capital quire concentration of its workers. house at Sara, Fabratiria, or These are the basic influences for Frusino for the price at which you the growth of cities. True, there

THE PRESENT-DAY CITY TREND

are now hiring your dark hole for York City, 124 out of every 100,000 one year," of the population died of smallpox.

We can better understand the In 1926, there was not a single city trend by considering it decade death from this disease. More re- by decade. This progress is traced cent but almost as striking has by Weber in his monumental work. been the gain in dealing with diph- Before 1800, "the phenomenon of theria, typhoid fever and tuber- concentration of population was culosis. Mute testimony to changed not to be found in the United States health conditions was borne by the as a whole." Curious to say, the recent removal in 1926 of some first approach to concentration was 500 bodies buried about 1845 in a in Maryland and Massachusetts, subcellar of a downtown New not in New York, Pennsylvania or York church and further by the Rhode Island. list of the diseases-typhus, small- The opening of the Erie Canal pox and cholera. Even a casual in 1821 literally made New York reading of such books as Weber's, City and stimulated greatly the referred to above, written in 1899 growth of up-state cities. Urban and Josiah Strong's Challenge of population in the United States the City, published in 1907, reveal grew rapidly from 1820 to 1830, a pessimistic outlook upon city moderately from 1830 to 1840, but health conditions. In 1902 the aver- then there was a recession from age number of deaths for the rural 1850 to 1860 due to the enormous area of the United States was 15.4 development of the Mississippi out of every 1,000 persons while Valley; again a more rapid city in cities it was 17.7. No wonder growth from 1860 to 1870 due to that Weber makes this generaliza- manufacturing. tion, "clearly the concentration of Following the panic of 1873, population produces an enormous urban growth had another setback, drain on the vitality of the peo- but since 1880 city development ple." This continues so far as the and growth of manufacturing in- nervous strain is concerned but is dustries has been continuous. not reflected to the same degree in Again we cannot speak of the the death rate. In 1927 the death United States as a whole for the rate in Greater New York had urban concentration was in the been reduced to 11.80, a marked north as early as 1890 (49.31 in contrast with the death rate of the the north Atlantic division). same city from 1856 to 1865 when Other factors than manufactur- it was 32.35, nearly 300 % greater. ing have played a part but these The change has been brought about we may only mention. Transporta- by physicians, by boards of health tion made cities possible. Ancient and the wise use of the "police cities were limited by the range of power," vested in municipalities by their food supply. Better sanita- which better housing and other imtion has made large concentration provements have been secured.

of popUlation practicable. Certainly the physical redemption Physical Redemption of the city is practicable and the striking advance may be taken as Advance in public health in cities a prophecy of its moral and spir- is an inspiring story'. It is difficult itual redemption yet to come. Had to comprehend that in 1875 in New there been the same progress in

housing and in the field of mu- affinity there is between these nicipal city planning as in the field groups may' be imagined. Still of public health there can be little more striking, Dr. Bowman refers doubt that the standard of health to one public school on the lower in urban areas would have risen East Side which shifted its racial above that of rural areas. makeup during the period from 99% Jewish to 99% Italian. Moral Delinquency and Community Life No degree of city planning or Unfortunately there has not been municipal control can govern these the same progress in political mat- racial shifts but there are other ters or in religious life or in the changes which may be regulated by field of social welfare generally. wise city planning. Failure to Therefore, the growth of cities is control the general "uses" to which still a disturbing factor in Amer- a block or district may be put has ican life. disrupted many neighborhoods. One of the contributing causes for One of the disturbing elements the decrease of popuLation in Lower is the breakdown of community East Side New YoJlk is the establife, the rapid changes in neighbor- lishment of factories and the genhoods and the general mobility of eral development of business. This the people. This is known to the may be fully in line with good pubmost casual observer but recent lic policy for that particular area sociological studies have given a but business has ruined many more accurate basis for judgment. good residence areas that should For example, LeRoy E. Bowman have been preserved and whose of Columbia University presented preservation might have been asto the American Sociological So- sured through proper zoning. It ciety at its meeting held in New is a curious fact that after ex- York in 1925 the results of a study periencing these costly community of popUlation changes, in six dis- upheavals desirable residence comtricts of New York City. Popula- munities in the older residence tion in the lower West Side, areas of New York are springing known as the Bowling Green area, up in older sections under the prodecreased from 1910 to 1920 by tection of recent zoning regula- tions. How much New York and 24 %; in the lower East Side, other cities might have been saved! Indeed, how many churches and from the Battery approximately to other redemptive agencies might Houston Street, the decrease was have been saved.

25.3 %. Other areas show an Failure to restrict density, to classify types of residence, to regenormous increase for the same ulate the placing of industries, to period, the Borough of Queens for restrict the location of garages, example, an increase of 52%. Dr. theatres and other business estab- Bowman shows that the shifting of lishments has been among the main racial groups is quite as striking. contributing causes of population For example, the Russian popula- shifts and neighborhood breaktion on the lower East Side de- downs.

creased during the period by 46 % The relation ·of this mobility to the suburban trend is all too eviand curiously enough the Irish by the same percentage. Even the Italian population decreased 20 % while the Greeks, Turks, and Canadians increased. How much

dent but this subject will be treated to this matter. Following the usual in a separate paper. custom with respect to all com- plaints, an investigation was made. Undesirable Communities This disclosed the fact that for years homeless men have been ex- The City Trend, with its individ- ploited in the Bowery without any ual community ebb and flow, re- constructive attempt to come to sults not only in a breakdown of grips with the problem of providold communities but in the forma- ing lodging and shelter that contion of new communities based on forms to elementary standards of the segregation of people of similar decency, comfort and health, extastes. Too often in the older sec- cept in the case of a few social tions of the city these groupings agencies." "This is what we found: are unfortunate. A dramatic but Flop house No.1. A zigzag shaped pathetic situation was revealed in cellar with two windows opening a paper read before the American in the rear, each 32 by 70 inches, Sociological Society in New York with a 16-inch fan and no other in December, 1925. It was a rec- ventilation. There is but one exit ord of a detailed study of the room- from this cellar and in case of fire ing house area on the lower North this would be a death trap. Occu- Side of Chicago. These word pic- pied as a rule by at least 200 men, tures tell the tragic story: the allowing by actual measurement lodgers 52ro are single men-l0% 127 cubic feet per man, whereas by single women and 38% couples law the minimum standard for (married supposedly but actually lodging houses-which is none too 60ro living unmarried)-rooming high-is 400 cubic feet of air space. houses childless though the popula- Two toilets and one wash basin tion is in the productive ages rang- constitute accommodations for ing from 20 to 35 years-known to these 200 men, in gross violation of labor leaders as the "white collared the Sanitary Code. Here the men group"-filling clerical positions- sleep in their clothes on the bare also students. "The constant com- floor; a tangled mass of huings and goings of its inhabitants manity." is the most striking and significant characteristic of this world of Missionary Implication furnished rooms. This whole population turns over every four The missionary implication of months." the city trend and of these popula- tion shifts is evident; on the one Another unfortunate group, re- hand revealing the failure of the flecting moral, economic and hous- Church, and on the other, the pering conditions is the lodging house plexity of the Church owing to the area of old New York on or near failure of our city fathers. The the old Bowery. Conditions have many conditions referred to are recently been unearthed by Com- only indirectly due to the failure of missioner Harris of the New York the church though they make the Board of Health for many years in task of the church exceedingly the department. "I had no per- difficult. These are the conditions sonal knowledge that conditions so which have made the operation of unsanitary and inhumane existed the average church a hazardous in certain 'flop houses' until a few undertaking. complaints directed my attention 3

The pastor of one of the oldest with denominational affiliations churches in Greenwich Village which now link diverse and ever- speaks of the difficulty of bringing changing communities together in up Italian young people in Green- working fellowship – some white, wich Village in view of the extreme some Negro, some Oriental, some types which these Italian young socially bankrupt, others richly en- people see about the Village-for dowed, some with evangelical vis- example, there protected Italian ion, others with purely old-world girls see an "artist" of the Bo- religious outlook and 0 the r s hemian type who promenades the frankly irreligious. Let these de- streets stockingless, and otherwise nominationally emancipated lib- in gaudy attire. They also get the erals establish a channel of service effect of the "night life" of Green- comparable to the channel of serv- wich Village participated in by ice provided by interdenomina- Americans of the older type-coun- tional agencies for Negroes strug- try cousins and wayward sons and gling to secure church equipment daughters. and to organize their own com- A Chain of Churches munity life; for the men of the Bowery sadly in need of a brother; One of the unfortunate aspects for children compelled to play on of the suburban trend is the with- crowded streets; for new American drawal of the more resourceful young people demanding proper from the areas where the strong social outlet; for women living are needed "as a rock in a weary drab lives in congested tenements, land." No settlement or down- and for scores of others socially town church can take the place of and religiously unfavored in many virile personalities who have communities.

grown up in these communities. The meeting of such conditions The best substitutes the church by Christian churches is one of the can bring in are warmhearted and necessities growing out of the city consecrated social and Christian trend, the population movements workers with initiative and ability and the suburban trek. This is to add an element to the com- not a plea for denominationalism munity life now altogether lacking nor for sectarianism but for the and to provide a personal guidance linking of churches of diverse types for the youth of these communities into a chain for service. The who are coming into an unfavor- more favored community needs the able social heritage. Ecclesiastical community of culture and resource reformers with a certain phari- but not more than the community saicalliberalism demand that high- of culture and resource needs conpowered, cultured, wealthy com- tact with communities of other munities in favored uptown or types. Let us link together suburban localities be permitted to churches of diverse types into a organize their religious life just as chain of social – educational – relithey organize their social life and gious service. Religion is not an golf clubs on a community basis individual matter alone. Religion without "the intrusion of denomi- is not a community matter alone- nationalism." not if the city is to see its religious Pray, let there first be discovered redemption in this or any other a substitute for a chain of churches generation.

bV (J. J. 1'. lJu.ry.r

A GROUP OF OLD MEN AND YOUNG BOYS ON THE CONGO ON THE EDGE OF AFRICAN MENTALITY BY REV. HERBERT SMITH, Lotumbe, Coquilhatville, Congo BeIge T HERE is fascination in try- After an African language has ing to determine just what a been learned, one finds that words person means by the words have different meanings on dif- which he utters. Even among one's ferent occasion or in the mouth intimate associates, there is some- of different speakers. It is as when times enough difference between a small boy learns to spell "two"

what is meant and what is said to and thinks that he has gained some give opportunity for considerable knowledge. The next day he learns guessing. The difficulties increase that "to" and "too" also sound the when a white man tries to enter same but mean something different the realm of Mrican native and he declares that if there is such thought and custom. Here he is in a word, no one knows how to spell an area that is, for the most part, it.

quite unexplored. Often each, tribe A native trying to translate and sub-tribe has a different atti- English into Lonkundo comes tude toward different subjects. across a sentence with the phrase 899

"a single tree." He promptly "Because it is our custom."

writes: "an unmarried tree" as he After a while you may learn has heard only of a single lady, or that such a man, may not only, not a single man, as meaning "unmar- dig, but he must not carry the end ried." Who can tell what ideas of a pole on his shoulder, and he white people have? must not climb on the roof of a If one lifts the corner of the veil house to repair it. While the baby a little from the mind of the Af- is still unborn there is an ekila rican, he is surprised to see the which restricts many of his acnumberless' array of superstitions tions. Why? that color the whole native Digging a hole suggests digging thoughts and actions. a grave. If he should dig holes A boy at play with a small frog while his wife's futUre condition pretends to make the frog touch was still unknown would it not the face of the other boy who suggest that he expected to bury cries: "Don't put that thing in my her? face." "Why not? Do you have an He may not carry the end of a pole on his shoulder because it is ekila (taboo) on a frog?" the custom to wrap a corpse and "No, if I were to kill that frog I then tie the body to a long pole while two men carry it to the should catch itch from the crown grave. of my head to the sole of my foot."

"Really" laughs the white man who is· working near by. "I wonder Why not climb up on a house? if Moses caught itch when he de- Because a house in which a person stroyed so many frogs in Egypt?" dies is left to rot, or is pushed over "Was he an Nkundo?" came the and a man might climb on the house to destroy it as well as to quick challenge. "If he was an help repair it. Nkundo the ekila applies; if not, White men may be distressed at it does not." A white man, in the early morn- finding a new grave only a few ing when it was fresh and cool, yards from the door step. To our notion this is not hygienic. But the called to the men: "Get your spades and picks, I baby was not six months old and want to make some holes so that it would never do to bury it in the we can plant fruit trees this after- common grave yard with the noon when the sun has lost its grown folks. Its little spirit might cry and disturb the grown peopower." "But I can't dig holes" murmurs ple's spirits. Bury the baby in the yard near its own mother house one man. and if it cries its mother will not "Can't dig holes" the white man mind. There is also the chance that cries. "Why, any child can dig a the little one may be reborn to the hole in the ground." mother.

"Yes, yes, yes, I know a child can dig a hole, but we are looking for These superstitions are dis- a little child in our house and dur- covered in the most unexpected ing that time I can't possibly dig places. We were working out in holes." the gardens, clearing a path. We "Why not?" asked the unbe- went through a growing garden of liever. manioc (cassava) about two feet

ON THE EDGE OF AFRICAN MENTALITY

high. Suddenly one of the boys Africa is not influenced alone by cried out: the missionary, there are thou- sands of other white men who come "Look at what the white man is and attempt to destroy all the betouching." liefs of the African. The mission- ary is like the modern doctor. He I looked expecting to see a snake is not satisfied to treat symptoms. or scorpion, or some biting insect He wants to know what causes the but the boy said the one word ekila symptoms and once having found and there on a stick which had two that has some hope of curing the forks was a dried palm leaf. patient. But many white men in Africa today have no interest in "Is that all" I said. "That wont the mental and spiritual life of the hurt anybody."

The look on the boy's face showed that he did not believe me.

Photo by Dr. Barger.

DR. BARGER AXD IllS ASSISTAXT8 HI'WOllE TIlE BOLBX(;E 1I0HI'J'l'AL. BELGIAN. CONGO The ekila was there as a watch native. Many of them deny that he dog to prevent stealing. Like the has any spiritual life and others famous sign seen in the white act as if he has no mental ability. man's land: "Beware of the dog" when the kennel is quite empty. When did the proverbs and the hidden references between the If you destroy the belief of the Nkundo and Bacwa people have African boy in the charm of this their origin? Who built them into nature and do not put some new the fabric of the African life? It deterrent in its place what will the happened so long ago that the boy do? It took ages to get this present generation has only a old set of beliefs and prohibitions hazy folk lore that requires much into the fabric of African society intuitive imagination to guess the and they cannot be replaced by new ones in one generation. Little solution. fellows, not over six or seven, can These two peoples are different. tell you these ekilas by the dozens. The Nkundo insists that there shall be no mixing of blood and often

regard the Bacwa as animals, not that the source cannot be con- people at all, because they think taminated. The invitation goes out and act differently. Yet some from for all people to come and get fresh each tribe look very much alike. pure water. Will both Bacwa and Their habits, too, are different. Nkundo take that water peace- The Bacwa like to hunt, and can fully? Not at all. The Nkundo law live for weeks in the forest, on the says that the Bacwa shall drink food they gather. They are not water from a different source than very keen on the making of gar- that of the Nkundo. Though a dens, for they prefer a wandering third party supplies the water for life. The Nkundo like a village life everybody they will not both drink and the gardens that they can grow of it. If the Nkundo give way on near home. Many white men can- this, they say: "It will not be long not distinguish the two peoples but before the Bacwa will say that to the native, both Nkundo and they can eat out of the same pot as Bacwa, this is a huge joke. They the Nkundo, can live in the same roll over and over at the humor of row, can marry their wives or take it. them at any time they see fit.

There is. a social cleavage be- There will be no end to the liberties tween these people, that nothing they will take. Weare Nkundo, seems to transcend. They live at they are Bacwa. We cannot mix."

different ends of a village and do The enmity between black people not intermarry. Illicit relations has been a surprise to the 'white are tabooed. A Bacwa man, work- man. In preaching the Gospel, this ing away from home, married an has to be taken into consideration.

Nkundo wife and lived happily A white man can preach to both with her. After a number of years, groups, and an Nkundo man can he brought the wife home but when preach to the Bacwa with consider- she found that she was expected to able success, if he has allowed the live in the Bacwa row, she never Gospel to soften his words, but a entered his home. She returned to Bacwa finds it difficult to preach to her own people at once. an Nkundo audience. It is always "The child of the fish," said one, attended with considerable risks "that stays in the river, gets along for some one in the Nkundo audi- all right. The child of the animal ence may mock the Bacwa that stays in the forest, prospers, preacher, because his accent but if the child of the fish and the classes him with the tribe that was child of the animal change places, at one time slaves.

or live together, destruction comes This question of race is a sore upon them. Bacwa and Nkundo spot in the conscience of the Chris- cannot mix. If they try to break tian. What does it all mean? Men down the taboos between them, born in the same village, perhaps there will be wars and anarchy at on the same day, have different once." antecedents, and are as far apart They drink water from different as those born thousands of miles springs, they bathe at different apart. Each race or tribe feels that pools or different places in the it is as good or even better than the river. The mission digs a deep other race. When one tries to help well and places a pump which the one called the lower race, he carries the water to a reservoir so may be met with the query: "Which

ON THE EDGE OF AFRICAN MENTALITY

is the lower race? Aren't we as guide could be found, how many good as you?" We are different is forest paths could be explored and a just response. The Christian how many rare species of native adds-"Even if that is so, let us ideas could be discovered. Most help one another to find out the natives can guide through forest, reason for the difference." but few can act as guides to their The unwritten literature of Af- own ancient beliefs. So the white rica is full of weird fascinating man wanders and after hours of tales not only of animals but also searching, has discovered very lit- of real and mystical people. These tle.

tales are numberless. A few have There is a classic illustration of been published but there must be African misunderstanding. The thousands that have never reached Ashanti people of the Gold Coast a white man's ears. It is a rich had an emblem which was known field for investigation and ought to as the "Golden Stool" which tradi- help considerable in the under- tion says came out of the sky. It standing of the mental life of the was a native stool covered with people. beaten gold. No one ever sat upon The African hates to do things it and the stool itself was not al- in a hurry. He fears to admit the lowed to touch the bare ground. It white man into that secret realm of always stood on a skin of some ani- his thought life, lest he be mis- mal, perhaps a leopard skin. It understood. The white man may has its own house and its own at- laugh at his beliefs. He may be tendants outnumbering those of under oath, except to his own kith the king. The king may touch the and kin, and then only under the stool, but must never sit on it. The proper circumstances may he re- white man, seeing so much respect veal certain customs. So, the given to a stool, thought it was a would-be student who would learn kind of throne that represented many things of African life, finds temporal power. To the native it his path blocked because he cannot is only a spiritual idea, the emblem find the person who will teach him. of the soul of the nation.

It is exceedingly difficult for a The white man, as ruler over that white man to find his way in the country, determined to get posses- forest. Animal paths lead in a hun- sion of the stool but the natives hid dred directions. The native leaves it. One day when the governor had signs as he goes. Some paths he assembled the native chiefs, he blocks by putting a bunch of leaves asked, "If I am ruler here, why do on the one that is to be closed. He I not have the 'Golden Stool'? Why also breaks off or bends over little am I not sitting pn the 'Golden twigs of the path that he follows, Stool' now?" That speech produced so that on the return journey, he a war. After the war was over an will have guiding signs. Few officer was appointed to study white men visit the forest often more clearly the language and na- enough to become acquainted with tive customs. One day he dis- it. Therefore, to save· time, he covered that the Golden Stool had hires a native guide without whom nothing to do with rulers or kings he would wander for hours without or anything temporal, but was a reaching any destination. In the symbol of the unseen, the spirits of native spiritual world, if a real the fathers, the prosperity and

peace of the nation, the soul of the is the thing those five foolish vir- people. gins forgot to provide. Copel is a In every day language, the white gum found at the roots of certain man said, "We don't want your trees. In export trade it was used stool. Bring it out in public. It is for varnish but many natives used perfectly safe, we have misunder- it for a light. It lights very easily stood its purpose." From that and burns slowly. So those five moment the idea of cooperation women found that they had no was born. Prosperity and con- copel and to get it at night from fidence began to grow. It had the root of trees and in the swamps taken years to find the path, and a was a very long job, and of course war had been waged because the no bridal supper could wait for them while they went in search of it. Then get your copel ready dur- ing the day.

The parable of the man who built his house on a rock, becomes something like this, when told by the native Christians. Once there were two young men who went fish- ing. It was the dry season and the river sand bars where showing everywhere. One of them said, "I am going to build my house for this fishing season right here on this nice sand." The other said "Don't do that. The river may rise and you will be in trouble. Come with me and make a temporary house on the bank."

"N0 I shall be right here and I can attend to my traps and save time going to that high bank."

l~h o tQ by Dr. Barger. So they fished and fished and YOKUSOFE. ROTE F EJI VA " .TJBANGO" they dried a lot of the fish over a slow smoky fire. The one had his white man was hopelessly lost in house on the sand near to the the unlimited forest of native be- water and the other up on the liefs. bank. Then suddenly one night a The African. gives the Gospel great storm came. There were tor- stories a setting that makes the rents of rain and the thunder and performers do their work in Af- lightning was terrific, as it can be rica. For instance the story of the in tropical lands. Above the storm Ten Virgins. What kind of oil did the man on the bank heard cries they have in their lamps? Most for help and he waved a fire brand people think of kerosene, because to see if his friend happened to be that is the oil they have seen used near. The river was rising rapid- in lamps unless they know only ly and he heard his friend trying to electric lamps. But in sections of climb up the bank. He rushed to Africa where the copel is used that help him and pull him high and

ON THE EDGE OF AFRICAN MENTALITY

dry just as the river swept by and lage, and he soon has a cluster of carried every bit of fish he had people urging us to stay. Even caught during the dry season and though it is not yet noon, we make all his other things in his hut. He camp, and in a short time this old lost everything. elder comes with water, firewood, Now the application is: The meat, and plantains for the car- man who built his hut on the high riers. He asks for no present. He bank was a wise man and so are does not even want medicine. So they who hear God's word and why does he urge us to stay? build up high in the safe places. There is something of the old, old They not only believe the teachings story that he wants to hear again.

they hear but act on them.

The story that grips the Af- rican more than any other is the story that God gave his Son, His only Son to the world to die for us.

How anyone could give their child, their only child, to some other cause, and that willingly, is beyond their belief. They accept that as one of the wonders of God's good- ness. If you come to Africa, the greatest story that you could tell and find ready hearers, is "God so loved the world that He gave His only Begotten Son." A missionary goes on a journey through the villages, preaching as he goes. Early in the morning, in the deep forest between villages, we meet a village elder on his way to market. He walks with an hun- dred springs in his ankles. He seems to touch the ground with only the balls of his feet. His body BANGONGO is one complete unit of movement and rhythm. It is a joy to watch We journey on and soon are the way he covers the ground. He among a people who speak another gives up the notion of going to language. The Bacwa are here, market when he meets us, and but they speak, not Lonkundo, but turning around, announces with a Ekonda, the language of the broad smile, "White man, you are stronger people. Before the com- to sleep in our village tonight." ing of the white man, the natives Why this urge to remain all night could travel very little, but now in the village? Is it hospitality, they travel much farther, and the hope of gain, prestige it will bring ideas of one section travels much to have a white man remain, or farther than formerly. A man does he want the Gospel preached from the Ekondo people goes to again for himself and people? He live in another section. After marches back with us to the vil- awhile he dies, or some of the im-

portant members of his people die. The Gospel preacher has very His own people come with the little chance to do effective work witch doctor and perform all the while the witch doctor has the mystical rites of their people. For minds of the people under this somewhere near the place where spell. The preacher is one of the the man died, his spirit still re- people and must exercise a great sides. The ceremony is a sort of mental effort to free himself from drama, but also includes an initia- the performance. Five years or ten tion for the oldest boy into the ways years ago, he believed absolutely and rights of the dead. There is everything that the witch doctor some kind of a tall scaffold for dif- did. He was brought up on such ferent kinds of gymnastic stunts. beliefs. He cannot argue success- A huge basket is hung under the fully that the witch doctor is do- scaffold. A fire is kept under the ing many things by slight of hand.

high platform, and the horns of It will take a long time to train animals containing the charms are preachers who have the mental stuck in the ground. There is a equipment properly to present the tiny house for the witch doctor, matter to the people, so that all often decorated with different col- the magic loses its power.

ors of mud.. There is some kind of This performance follows the fetish, perhaps only a head of African custom of the whole people wood, or a statue made of clay. doing things together. Working There is also the burning of a all together, hunting together, house, perhaps that of the dead playing together, and now they person whose wake is being cele- think that they are doing religious brated. service together. The family and "What does this all mean," you the clan and the village is thinking ask. "0, it is only a play. It is and talking through charms and something we do," is usually the incantations to the dead of long answer. But if the matter is ago, connecting the living with the pressed with more questions, they spirits of the other world. admit that it costs a lot of money, The Gospel does its work along and then they try to change the another line. The Gospel does subject. All the people who come bring blessings to whole communifrom a distance have to be fed dur- ties, in which those who believe in ing the time that the places are be- God and those who do not, are ing prepared for the play, which equally helped. But the real thing may take weeks. Then there is is to get each individual to repent payment to the witch doctor and and turn to the Lord, and heathenhis helpers. The general public ism does not teach either the need watches the play free of charge. or the necessity for such a thing.

But the people who are to be The people have long believed in benefited by the mystical service the spiritual world and spiritual of the witch doctor, pay the bill. things. Now comes the need of the The ceremony links the present right interpretation of these things with the departed and keeps alive so that God will be exhalted and the old life of the village and gives His Son received into the hearts of holidays to hundreds of people who the people. This is the work of the come from many villages to wit- Christian missionary and the na- ness the service. tive preachers.

AND WORLD

BY DR. FREDERICK LYNCH, New York Eduoational Secretary QJ The Church Peace Union SOME years ago two interest- it is based upon the Christian con- ing missionary books were ception of brotherhood. Every published; one "Some By- missionary who goes into a foreign Products of Missions" by Dr. Isaac land predicates brotherhood. The Taylor Headland, formerly of Chinese and Japanese are his China; and the other, "Human brothers or he would not go. Here Progress through Missions" by Dr. is a gesture of goodwill at once.

James L. Barton, of the American Some of the most striking testi- Board. These books show how monies from the foreign field have missions have not only carried the been to the effect that recognition Gospel of Jesus Christ to the indi- of the yellow people by the white viduals in far-off lands, and have as brothers has changed their established churches and convert- whole attit1.lde toward the United ed individuals to a new Way of States. When a greatly beloved Life, but they show how Christian missionary was leaving China, af- missions have influenced the whole ter twenty years of devoted serv- life of nations-their ideals, their ice, two documents were drawn up educational system, their politics, and presented to him by the man- their medicine, their law and the darins of the neighborhood. After human relationships within the dwelling upon how much the nations. These authors also call friendship of the missionary had attention to the part that missions meant, the prefectUral mandarin have played in promoting interna- said: "I have been glad to note the tional goodwill. manner in which you have aroused Since these books were written the latent sensibilities of the popufifteen years ago the role of'peace- lace to similarity of feeling and a maker has become one of the chief recognition of the essential unity functions of the missIOnary. of principles, so that the barriers Statesmen are now concerned with of East and West have been forthe organizing of the world for gotten, and a valuable contribution peace. At present the nations are has been secured toward cordial trying to outlaw war by treaties international relations generally." of arbitration. But no matter how Mr. Taft, as Governor General of perfect our machinery for peace, the Philippines, discovered that the missionaries were his most powerultimately peace rests upon certain ful allies in promoting goodwill begreat fundamental, spiritual prin- tween the Filipinos and the United ciples, certain dispositions of the States, and he bore eloquent testinations toward each other, and the mony to that fact. It was reported will for peace. Understanding that the American soldiers used to must precede peace. In this realm sing of the Filipino: of the spirit the missionary is one of the chief forces. "He may be a brother of William H. Taft, There can be no peace except as But he ain't no brother of mine."

907

Mr. Taft got little help from the that any fiat of the Almighty has soldiers but the missionaries with closed the door or denied the power their Gospel of brotherhood helped of the endless life to any race."

him win the confidence of the na- The Eastern races are beginning tives. There are no such words as to find themselves. They are rapid- "Chink," "Jap," "Dago," "Shee- ly coming to a sense of power.

ny," or "Nigger," in the true mis- They number millions and have in- sionary's vocabulary. exhaustible resources materially, The missionary has rendered an mentally and spiritually. What is inestimable service to the cause of it going to be, cooperation or international peace by his insist- strife, peace or war? It depends ence on racial equality. Many largely upon our attitude toward Americans and Europeans, even them. The missionary promotes some who call themselves Chris- peace.

tians, openly avow their contempt As an interpreter of one people for the Chinese and Japanese. This to another the missionary renders attitude makes for ill will. No one perhaps his greatest service to the can measure the effect upon the cause of international peace. He Japanese of our discrimination in interprets the best America to immigration laws which are based Japan, and the best Japan to upon race. They would probably America. The tourist too often have led to real friction between shows the worst American· char- the two countries had not the Japa- acteristics and he sees little of the nese known, largely through their real Japan. Naval officers, with acquaintance with the mission- some notable exceptions, convey aries, that there was another the impression t hat America America. So long as this contempt wishes to dominate the Pacific and of one race for another persists often report at home that the Jap- there can be no sure peace. The anese are a cunning people cherish- mIssIOnary boldly asserts that ing secret designs upon America.

Christianity knows no such dis- It is the missionary who best re- tinctions. He shows appreciation veals America to Japan, and who of the culture and achievements of has revealed the real and best the races to whom he ministers and Japan to America. The Honorable recognizes their true greatness. Wm. H. Taft in a Founder's Day The best books in the world on the address at the University of Penn- fine qualities of other races, have, sylvania used these striking words: almost without exception, come "The greatest agency today in from the missionaries. Dr. Robert keeping us advised of the condi- E. Speer, in his "Christianity and tions among Oriental races, is the the Nations," says: "It is the mis- establishment of foreign missions."

sionary construction of Christian- As far back as 1858, Mr. Reed, ity alone which proclaims a hope then United States Minister to and use for every race. It affirms China, wrote to the Secretary of the dignity of each national genius State as follows: "Having no en- and destiny, and the necessity of thusiasm on the subject, I am its contribution to the perfected bound to say that I consider the family of God. It denies the va- missionary element in China a lidity of the principle of racial great conservative and protecting separation, and will not believe principle. It is the only barrier

19281 MISSIONS AND WORLD PEACE

between the unhesitating advance as frank and sincere and true as of commercial adventure and the are the best Americans.

not incongruous element of Chinese A very eminent Japanese said imbecile corruption." to me: "Dr. Gulick has done more Dr. Robert E. Speer says: "The to preserve goodwill between the service of the missionary enter- United States and Japan and to prise is varied and it is indispen- remove misunderstandings than sable to the neighborliness of man- any man in America, either in kind. The missionaries make the government circles or outside of East and West, the North and them." The missionary creates South, acquainted with one an- understanding and understanding other. All other agencies combined underlies all our endeavors after do not do as much to introduce the peace. No League of Nations or West to the Oriental races. They treaties of arbitration will be efdraw after them the love of mil- fective without understanding lions in the lands from which they among the nations. come, and it is their business to win the friendship of those to Finally the Gospel is ultimately whom they go. There they become the one supreme uniting power of centers of .goodwill and kindly peoples and nations. If all the feeling." peoples of the world could be brought to accept the religion of The books that have revealed Jesus Christ the sense of oneness the real character of the Japanese and of unity would be enhanced a and their true character to Amer- thousandfold. Peace always grows ica have, most of them, come from with the sense of oneness. Of missionaries and the best books course governments, like Chrisabout American people published tians, are sometimes ambitious, in Japan have been written by cantankerous, proud and revengemissionaries. These missionaries, ful. Patriotism is a deeply rooted instinct in the human heart. It is as preachers and teachers, have fair to say that were the nations lived in every Japanese city. Their of the world all of the Christian lives have been a constant revela- faith, the prospects of universal tion of the best American ideals. peace would be much brighter.

By their sermons and lectures and There would be that sense of one- personal contacts they have con- ness which, if not an absolute tinually imparted information of guarantee of peace, would cer- the Christian America they repre-' tainly help its consummation.

sent. They have removed misap- The moment the Church doubts prehensions and pointed out our the universal character of Chris- highest qualities and dwelt upon tianity, doubts that the Christian friendliness. When they have re- religion is for all races and all na- turned to America, they have gone tions and peoples, and thinks of it up and down the country telling as only a Western sect, that mo- people of the Japanese, revealing ment Christian missionaries will their finest qualities, removing lose their interest in India, China, suspicions and insisting upon the Turkey and Japan. But we are desire in the heart of the best going to evangelize the world, and Japan for friendship. They have we can make mankind one only in shown that the real Japanese are Jesus Christ.

IN PORTO RICO Thousands of breadwinners and

SIX.TY-EIGHT churches and nine- lost their lives, and for others the out- teen parsonages have been de- look is dark. The large and efficient stroyed and sixty-five more Presbyterian Hospital at San Juan is churches and fourteen parsonages are also considerably damaged and will reseriously damaged, with thousands of quire extensive repairs. This hospital people homeless and seven hundred has rendered remarkable service to the thousand suffering for the lack of the sick and disabled and thousands have come to it annually to be cured and necessities of life; this gives but a to hear of the Great Physician.

faint and unrealistic picture of the The Methodist orphanage in San damage in Porto Rico from the recent Juan is also extensively damaged as hurricane that swept the island across were the Episcopal Hospital at Ponce to Florida. Baptists, Christians, Con- and the Congregational Hospital at gregationalists, Disciples, Methodists, Humaocao.

Presbyterians, United Brethren and How can this calamity work out for Roman Catholics all suffered and are good to the Porto Ricans? That it sorely in need of prayerful sympathy may and will there can be no doubt and financial help. but in the meantime there is much The islanders have always been suffering and the call for immediate poor but they have been struggling help is urgent. The Presbyterians upward since the transfer of the alone say that $250,000 is needed to island from Spain to the United repair the damage and to help these States. The vast majority of the peo- in dire distress. other Christian orpie live in shacks or small huts and ganizations are also calling for help gather a precarious livelihood froni from friends in America who are small farms, coffee, fruit and sugar abundantly able to respond. plantations and other agricultural One great blessing that may come enterprises. They have never thought from this calamity is the stirring of it necessary to build any substantial sympathy in the hearts of those who houses in the country districts and have become self-centered and comfew have learned to practice thrift. 'fortable in their self-indulgence. The Their income has been small and their blessing to the cheerful, generous necessities comparatively few. The givers will be greater than that to the Protestants have begun to be more needy recipients of gifts.

provident and to practice thrift. They Another blessing will come through have sought education and have had the certain, though rude, awakening before them the ideal of self-support. to the consciousness that temporal They have begun to put up their own things are unstable and pass away; churches and parsonages and to train that the spiritual things alone abide Christian leaders for Porto Rico and and are most worth striving for.

workers for neighboring Latin Amer- Many Porto Ricans may be awakened ican lands. to a need for higher living and better Now suddenly comes an unforseen building, materially and spiritually.

calamity that destroys their churches, Another benefit will doubtless be in their homes and many of their crops! the bringing of Christians into closer 910

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

fellowship. Already Porto Rico has ing or influence in the case of all pupils whatsoever, and requires instruction in been an example of Christian coopera- the Koran or Islam, then, the Board will be obliged reluctantly to close its schools tion. The Evangelicals have a Union and to wait for a better and a more just and enlightened day. Theological Seminary, a Union paper, press and bookstore and the Poly- "If the minimum requirements, from which there can be no release, involve technic Institute at San German is the prohibition of all religious teaching to largest educational institution in the Moslems but allow Christian teaching to non-Moslems, then, the Board would West Indies. They should be brought deem it wise to continue the schools, either with or without Moslem pupils, in closer to Christians in the United the hope that there might be a change in the future in the direction of the res- States and to each other through this toration of religious liberty."

suffering. The Missions in Persia have con- tinued their negotiations with the Now is the time to help Porto Government and at last an adjustment Ricans. The Red Cross has under- has been reached between the Educataken to collect $5,000,000 to relieve tional Department and the Presbytethe physical suffering and four fifths rian Missions and the Missions of the of the sum has already been collected. Church of England, under which the schools will conform to the Govern- Large and small gifts should be sent ment educational curriculum and their in to the Mission Boards promptly to graduates will enjoy any rights which meet both physical and spiritual suf- according to law belong to those re- ceiving the official diplomas of the fering and to help build for the fu- Ministry of Education. The Ameriture in Porto Rico. can schools are permitted to teach PERSIA AND THE MISSION subjects, in addition to those con- SCHOOLS tained in the Government program, which they, with the approval of the As a result of conferences between Ministry of Education, may consider the Protestant Missions and the Government of Persia, action was taken profitable for Persian students. The by the Presbyterian Board of Foreign schools are not allowed to teach the Missions on June 18. 1928, as follows: Bible in the required curriculum to "The question of the mission schools Moslem pupils but the teaching of in Persia and of the limitations already "selections from the great prophets imposed, or possibly to be imposed, upon them by government regulations was and renowned scholars" is allowed to laid fully before the Board. . . . all pupils, and the Bible may be taught "It was voted to reply to the inquiry in the curriculum to non-Moslem puof the Persia Missions that the Board pils. Outside of the curriculum and hoped the Persian Government would pursue the policy of the governments in outside of school hours there is free- Japan and India and Siam in Asia, and dom of religious teaching and inof governments of the West, in recognizing the principles of religious freedom fluence and the teaching of the Bible and according full educational and reli- to all pupils-Moslem and nongious liberty to private schools which ask no state support and which seek only Moslem. to make a genuine contribution to the strength and well being of the nation. The schools are not required, as it "If, however, for the time being or for was first proposed they should be, to an indefinite period, the Persian Govern- teach the Koran and Moslem law as ment is unwilling to accord these rights, the Board would advise the Missions to part of the curriculum to Moslem puendeavor to secure in their educational pils but pupils who wish these studies work the right to give Christian instruction, either as a required or a voluntary will have to procure such instruction course as the missions may deem best, for themselves at home. On this to non·Moslem pupils and to offer it as a voluntary study to Moslem pupils, either basis the Mission Schools believe that within the curriculum or without school they can continue their work and hours, and to be excused from the requirement of giving instruction in Mos- render their needed service. lem religious law. If the government forbids the Bible and all Christian teach- By MAUDE EVELYN BRADLEY, PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND THE PARABLE OF THE GOOD SAMARITAN IN THE MISSIONARY SOCIETY (Suggested by the "Parable of the Good Samaritan in College." Author Unknown.) A CERTAIN woman from the country moved into town. Here she fell among critics who laughed at her clothes, and smiled at her hair dressing, and whispered that she had an inferiority complex, and departed, leaving her hurt and lonesome, longing for the kindly neighborliness of her former village. By chance a certain woman, the president of the missionary society, passing by that way, when she saw her, stopped and said, "What good judges my friends are," and she passed by on the other side. And in like manner another woman, who was the Chairman of the Program Committee, when she came to the place, and saw her, passed by on the other side, saying, "Surely she has nothing to give to us." But a certain follower of Christ, a loyal member of the society, as she journeyed came where the woman was; and when she saw the winsome face with the smiling eyes and sensed her lonesomeness, was moved with compassion and came to her in a friendly spirit, and talked of many things, binding up her wounds with love and pouring joy into her hurt heart. Then she took her to the missionary meeting at the church and introduced her to friends and made her feel at home. And the woman was much pleased and expressed her desire to tarry and become a member. Which of these three, thinkest thou, proved neighbor unto her that fell among critics?

And Jesus said, "Go, and do thou likewise."

"FROM ONE BOARD TO ANOTHER" What is our church missionary budget?

Every member of the newly ap- What I'S our soc.Iety [FHOormeeign] mI.S- pointed Executive Board in a Woman's sionary budget? Missionary Society received from the What are some of the special needs retiring Board a paper on which were typewritten the following: and present problems of our mission "From One Board to Another" boards? How can we, as a society in this A few que8tion8 to ponder a8 you face your new work church, help the boards meet these needs What part [ dSoheOsUld] our church have and problems? in the missionary program of our de- What missionary textbooks are availnomination? able for study in women's missionary What part [ SdohOesUld] our Soc.Iety have societies this coming year? in the missionary program of our What missionary program does our de- nominational Board suggest? .

How should we raise our missionary budget?

What cooperative mlsslOnary pro- grams and work are being sponsored by the women's societies in the churches of church? our community?

912

METHODS FOR WORKERS

What does our society know about the room or place convenient for those missionary programs being worked out who wish to study or read them. in other organizations in our church? Intelligent Delegates What can we do to interest and train new leaders in missionary work in our One of the great movements in the church and denomination? Church today is the increasing inter- est on the part of the members at large A Mhsionary Story Oontest in the summer conferences. Thousands of young people and adults are en- An afternoon's entertainment that rolled every summer the country over. delighted a large summer conference audience might well be adapted to a One fact is startlingly clear in rechurch or local conference program. gard to these conference delegates. A surprising number of them arrive Around a realistic campfire, made at the conference with no definite idea by concealing electric light bulbs cov- in mind as to what they are expected ered with red tissue paper in a pile of to do. Their interest has been aroused sticks and small logs, were placed by the enthusiasm of some friend who eight low benches. A lovely back- has been sent in previous years perground of green branches transformed haps. Again they may be the promisthe platform into a beautiful forest ing leaders-to-be in their church orscene. ganization and are sent for further instruction and encouragement. They While soft music was being played, have a hazy idea of what the church a leader dressed in white stepped into expects of them when they return. the foreground and announced that a This fault should be corrected. band of story tellers was about to visit the scene. Each member of the band Teachers, leaders or pastors should would, in turn, tell her favorite story. talk over the needs of the organization At the conclusion of the program, pa- with the prospective delegates and per would be distributed and the audi- should give some suggestions as to ence could vote first, second and third courses to be elected; they should give choices, as to the stories which they to them a realization of the responsihad most enjoyed. bilities which will be theirs in the fall. Then came the band of story tellers! Two were little mission band mem- In many churches a dedication servbers; one an older woman; the others, ice for delegates has been held in conyoung girls and women-members of nection with the mid-week or Sunday Girls' Guilds. Each had been assigned service. This may be made very ima number and without introduction, pressive and has meant much in some one by one, they arose from their of the places where it has been tried. benches by the fire and transported the audience to lands far and near. Girls-Missionaries-Prayer This program may be worked out in It suddenly occurred to the leader costume, each story teller dressed in of a young woman's class at one of the the costume of the country about summer missionary conferences that a which she is telling. There are many vast reservoir of intercessory prayer adaptions which will suggest them- was within reach. Present on the selves to any interested in working out grounds were missionaries from many such an entertainment. foreign countries and home mission stations. Pressing her typewriter When the story-telling contest is an- into service, the leader made many nounced, it should be clearly under- copies of a short letter which she put stood that the contestants are to select into the hands of the missionaries. their own stories and submit in ad- This letter stated that each missionvance the name of the story to the ary had on her heart and mind certain committee in charge. The committee leaders, individuals and specific needs should prepare a large number of missionary stories in book, magazine and leaflet form, and place them in some 4

in ber special field; that bere at the or advertisement instead of a free conference were hundreds of girls who hand sketch. Cut around the figure were getting a new vision of the possi- and outline with the lettering pen in bilities of prayer. Why not bring the ink. The effect is simple but attractwo together? Would the mission- tive. aries interested write down a few special names or state certain needs Silhouettes make good poster decorand pass the list to the class leader ations. Trace around figures in magawithin a day or two? zines or books and cut the outlines from black or colored papers. Cut- Who knows the extent of the help out block letters such as the children which has gone out into the countries make in their art classes at school are of the world through the intercessory effective to use with these silhouettes. prayers of that group of girls who went back to their homes with that PHOTOGRAPH THIS prayer list? DATE ON YOUR MIND! We cannot all attend summer conferences or meet many missionaries 28 personally, but does this story not suggest other methods along the same line to leader.s of girls' groups? Why not ask for such a list from that missionary friend in Japan the next time we write? Why not ask the missionary guest at the state conference to give you such a list? Why not suggest that the girls try to secure such a list from people whom they know?

Poater Publicity WHO 15 YOUR NEIGHBOR?

. It is not necessary to be a skilled COME AN0 5EE artist in order to make an effective Suggestions for Posters-Cut a picposter. Surprising results may be ob- ture of a radio with loud speaker from a newspaper or magazine advertisetained by trying some of the following ment. Mount at one side of the cardsuggestions. board. Print these words beside it: Mat erials-Sheets of light weight ANNOUNCING colored cardboard, 22 by 28 inches, A TRIP TO AFRICA may be purchased for ten or fifteen FOR ALL YOUNG PEOPLE OF THE CHURCH! cents a sheet in any paper or art supply store. If the large sheet is cut COME SUNDAY AT 6: 15 AND "LISTEN IN" into two smaller ones measuring 14 by 22 inches, the poster is often more Illustration-Picture of a Kodak. suitable than a large size. Lettcring- The beginner will find a #3 or #5 PHOTOGRAPH THIS DATE ON YOUR MIND! lettering pen of great help in printing OCTOBER 24 the poster. These pens are sold in stationers' and art supply stores for WHO Is YOUR NEIGHBOR? ten cents. COME AND SEE!!

Higgins' Waterproof India Ink costs twenty-five cer.ts a bottle and comes in many colors. This is far more satisfacto,y than ordinary writing ink or water colors for the amateur.

Very striking posters are made by using a cut-out magazine illustration

IUu..~tration–A family group cut Letteringfrom magazine-back view as if they are looking up at the lettering. SEND WORD OF THE CHRIST CHILD Lettering- TO THE {rl{ OUR AIM FOR THIS CHURCH CHILDREN OF THE WORLD MISSION BY STUDY Ages Studying about } . Giving to MISSIONS Praying for FIND YOUR Cradle Roll PLACE AND Mission Band Young People's Society ENROLL Young Women's Society Young Men's Club ,~~ llJ-¥¥t Church School Senior Auxiliary Church School of Missions Inustration-The silhouette of full sized hammer.

Lettering- 1HE BLUEBIRDS'

NOVEMBER 5TH-8 P. M. SONG IS SIMPLY 1HIS Keep This Date In Your Mind "!HE. MI5510NARY MU.llNG HAMMER IT IN 6 Members of the Young People's Society DO NO! MISS""

in a WE.DNE.:,DfIY MISSIONARY DEBATE AT :5:~O Illustration-The picture of a foun- Illustration-A large cut paper tain pen. magnet in a bright color.

Lettering- Lettering- OCTOBER 28TH RESPOND Write this date in your engagement to the book! Our World Friendship MAGNET OF MISSION STUDY Institute starts that day. The Y. P. S. C. E. has planned a series You are wanted in one of the classes!!! of programs on Africa for the FIRST SUNDAY EVENING IN EACH MONTH Illustration–A large key cut from silver paper. Illustration-Girl or woman with umbrella. Lettering- Lettering- THE KEY TO A GOOD TIME Come to our RAIN OR SHINE It makes no difference to her for MISSIONARY SOCIAL Wednesday, November 2d-8: 00 p. m. SHE IS A W. W. G. GIRL and it's Tuesday night Illustration–The photograph of a A WORD TO THE WISE I "Real Boy." Illustration-Picture of a large Lettering- ship.

Interest Him In Missions Today And He May Be PRESIDENT OF YOUR MISSION BOARD SOME DAY Illustration – A picture of the Christ Child.

Lettering- The announcement is read by two Juniors who have practiced a few ALL ABOARD times together so that they can read the alternate words clearly and with Church School of Missions r expression.

FIVE THURSDAYS IN OCTOBER Arithmetic Announcement CLASSES FOR ALL AGES After securing the attention of the children, the leader asks them if they Illustration – Trace around your are good in arithmetic. They will sit own left hand and color with light up and begin to take notice. Then the orange crayon. Tie a bow of real rib- leader suggests that they follow her bon around one of the fingers. while she gives them a problem in mental arithmetic. They are not to Lettering- answer out loud until she asks them to.

This little bow of ribbon so bright "Are we all ready? All right! Let's Bids you remember that next Tuesday sit up straight! Suppose we start with ten. Multiply ten by two. Sub- night tract five. Divide by three. Multiply You've a date here with us that by four. Add six. Subtract two. Add one. What's the answer? Twenty- We are quite sure five? Splendid! That's just the num- Will a most pleasant evening ber we want at the missionary meet- ing next Friday afternoon." For you assure. Mirror Announcement Announcements Extraordinary Hang a mirror in the vestibule. Children love surprises-and so do Drape it with cloth which may be grown-ups! ,Why not try some an- pulled to one side. Over the whole nouncement surprises where interest place a sign reading, "If you look inin missions has seemed to lag a bit? side, you will see the picture of some- one who is invited to come to the Mis- The Every Other Word Announcement sion Band meeting next Tuesday afternoon at four o'clock." Write out your announcement on a sheet of paper. Then number the Partnership words as follows: Write the names of two girls or 12121212 women on a slip of paper. Repeat un- Do you Juniors like to hear a good til all of the members have been cov- ered. Pin these slips up around the 1 2 1 2 1 room. When members arrive for the meeting, they are asked to find the slip story? Well! Next Wednesday after- on which their name is printed and then find their partner whose name is 2121212 printed with theirs. Partners are to sit together during the meeting, and noon at four o'clock some one is coming are in duty bound to see that the other is present at the next meeting. If 121212121 some member finds that her partner is not present at the first meeting, she here to the church to tell some fine mis- must call her up, telephone or in some way invite her to come to the next 2 1 212 1 meeting. sionary stories. And what do you thinkl 21212121 We are going to start a Junior club.

21212 1 2 All of you are invited. Don't forget.

1 2 12 1 Next Wednesday at four o'clock.

Take two sheets of paper. Number one #1 and the second #2. On #1 write all of the words numbered with the figure 1 on your announcement. Insert blanks for #2 words.

#1 Do …. Juniors …. to …. a story? …. Next …. afternoon four …. some …. etc., etc.

#2 . . .. you …. like .,.. hear •… good •… ? Well! …. Wednesday …. at . . •• o'clock …. one …. etc., etc.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

BULLETINS FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS AND COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 419 FOURTH AVE., NEW YORK, AND FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 EAST 22D ST., NEW YORK Prepared by Mrs. S. S. Hough, Chairman, Committee on W orId Day of Prayer.

WORLD DAY OF PRAYER Europe, Africa, Australia, China, Japan, Korea, India, Syria, the Is- February 15, 1929 lands, South America, Mexico and THEMES: Alaska. It is the one bit of service for the Kingdom in which all may 1928-"Breaking Down Barriers" unite, no matter how they differ as to 1929-"That They All May Be One" education, language and race. We can cull quotations from but a few D"WaorYldgpra~.ver letters. 1919 M That They All May Be One~ AUSTRALIA '1." • .,.-. …….. 1uuId5 dI-. 1mKJIIn .. dill hlIII. Whda'_ ,…… "We, the Presbyterian Women's WbCIun'IOIlIQ'r.daeTlI6a_ Missionary Association of New South .. …..tJolklato …." Wales, are grateful to you for giving us the inspiration of joining in the Day of Prayer for Missions. The women of all the other Protestant churches united with us, and we had a wonderful day. It did us all good, and made us feel that we are out to win the world for Christ, and that the broad, upward look helps us all. We have decided to hold this united Day of Prayer annually."

AFRICA "The call came to African women in the Congo. But how could they join in when their world is peopled only with the black and white races and the '['HE POSTER ~'OR 10~1I only land they know besides their own is 'the foreign country' of the white A World Fellowship people? They are just beginning to The World Day of Prayer which is break down the barriers between their dated each year for the first Friday in own tribes -little do they know the Lent, is proving to be a most inspiring need for World Fellowship. They must first be made conscious of the and ever-widening fellowship for the existence of women of other lands. Christian women of all lands~ Won- "The program planned and carried derful meetings of intercession held out in the presence of as many Chris- on last February 24 are reported tian women in Luebo as could crowd from hundreds of communities of the into our building-some six or seven United States, Canada, parts of hundred-was as follows: 917

"After the prayer of invocation led meeting of the Christian women of by one of the missionary women the Nagoya. A committee was appointed portions of Scripture used in the reg- of five of the leading Japanese women ular program as a Confession of Faith of the five largest churches here.

was recited responsively and "All hail They translated the program, worked the Power of Jesus' Name" was sung. out the details, and sent out the invi- One of the native women led in a tations to twenty-five churches and prayer of thanksgiving and confession. chapels in Nagoya. The meeting was Then followed a short pageant. held in St. John's Episcopal Church, "The wife of an evangelist was from one-thirty to three-thirty p. m.

seated in front of her house paring on February 24. Mrs. Hiroshi, chair- her cassava roots. As she worked she man of the local W. C. T. U., presided.

told of the proposed plan for the The work for women in other lands World Day of Prayer as arranged was presented. There was a season of by the white teachers. 'But,' said she, prayer covering both local and world- 'if we only knew.what women of other wide needs.

races were like, then we could pray for "On Friday, February 24, we met them.' Her desire for knowledge was in the large Central Methodist Church granted, and women of other races in Kobe and about two hundred women appeared to her. Each came in the na- were present. Rev. Hinohara, pastor tive costume of the country repre- of the church, and Dr. DeForest, presi- sented, each' one with an appeal for dent of Kobe College for Women, spoke prayer, each one with a message as to in a very earnest manner on the pur- the problems of women in that coun- pose of the meeting and the blessings try. After each appeal the audience of united prayer."

was led in prayer by a missionary or KOREA a native for the women of that par- "The World Day of Prayer has been ticular race. There were taking part a wonderful day here in Kunsan. The Month's Women's Bible Class closed three native women and three mission- on the 23d of February and of the aries representing Chinese, Japanese, seventy-two enrolled for the class Egyptian, Dutch, and African women. about forty remained for the ob- servance of the Day of Prayer, most At the last, all of these came together of wnom are needy and poor but made on the stage and stood in a semi-circle this sacrifice gladly. 'Nothing is more while the audience joined with them in impressive or inspiring than a crowd singing 'Blest Be the Tie that Binds.' of Koreans bowed to the floor in A prayer of intercession and the na- prayer to the Living God.' tive greeting, 'Life to you,' and the meeting was over. "This class, with some missionaries, gave the entire day from nine a. m. to "But they were all agog with excite- seven p. m. to prayer, praise and mediment. 'Do those women really dress tation. The village church observed that way, and why did Kayaya wear the day with prayers in the morning that cloth over her face, and did you and again at night, using the special see Mamu's wooden shoes?' It was program, which had been translated all new and different to these women into Korean. whose lives are so drab and monotonous. How deep are the results? "This day spent in prayer has been most refreshing spiritually to mission- Was the spiritual lesson felt? Time aries and Korean Christians alike. It will tell. The interest shown was cer- tnrills us all tnrough and througn to tainly not feigned. think of the great chain of prayers encircling the globe and ascending to "The Christian women around Luebo are growing in their Christian lives and in their Christian work."

JAPAN the throne of God on High.

"It was decided to hold a union "This year, the same as last year,

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN MISSION BULLETINS

we followed the program which was sincere voluntary token of their earn- translated and sent out to fifty places. estness. It was observed in four centers in the city of Rwangju. "Our Christian women wish to greet their sisters in America and "We began keeping the Day at the other Christian lands and thank them Neel Bible School at five a. m. Prayers for inviting those of the East to join -then the school met at nine for in their ministry of intercession for prayers for one hour. We prayed for world evangelization. the different countries. The women seemed to catch a new vision of that "We issued a 'Call to Prayer' which tie, faith in Christ, which binds us was sent to all our churches and together, to all the rest of the world. schools in the Province of Canton. The program was adapted and trans- "A beautiful incident was a poor lated and about one thousand of these woman who begs for her living, who were used. Five of the Christian was with us at one of these meetings. schools of high school and college She attends our church and is a really grades used these for their chapel and truly converted woman. She was hour. In three different districts of sitting in the cold church with a few Canton general meetings were ar- other faithful souls when we got ranged for noon time, all in Chinese, there. This woman was once very instead of just the one general meet- wealthy. Her clan was a large and ing, as was held last year. I imagine powerful one in the country and when the total attendance at these three she was married her trousseau was churches was about five hundred. We carried on twenty horses. But today have not had reports from other parts everything is gone: childless, cast off, of the Province but I am sure many homeless, and can barely see. She is of the churches and chapels joined in not quite totally blind, but is very observing this Day of Prayer." nearly so. This poor woman at the end of the service when the offering MEXICO was taken, came and put five pieces of 'cash' into my hand. When I begged "We have for several years tried to her to desist, she said to me, 'You must observe the Day of Prayer. The pro- accept it. I begged this on the big gram has been translated and adapted. street this morning. It's all I have but I want to give it for the work.' " "We have in Mexico a National Union of Women's Christian Societies, CHINA interdenominational, through whom the program will be sent to all the "I wish you could have seen the women of Mexico. The motto of the little rowboats full of women and girls Union is 'That they all may be one.' pulling up to the landing in front of They have just held their annual the chapel at the village of Rau this meeting in the city of Aguascalientes afternoon, and have watched the happy and have made the Antorcha Misionera women, young and old, climb out and their official organ – so that in this scramble up the canal bank to be wel- way your suggestions will be carried comed by the earlier arrivals. I knew over a very extended area. I would be called on to make a map talk and explain many points, for the "Thanking you very much for your knowledge of our Christians of condi- interest in our country, and asking tions in other countries is very that you pray for us at this very meager. Pretty soon there came a critical time." delegation of women seeking aid on the program and very soon we joined BRAZIL the other groups assembling for the . World Day of Prayer. Some of the For several years there has been an women preferred to fast that day, a interdenominational Prayer League among the Christian women of Brazil. During the past year this League was reorganized into a Federation of

Brazilian Women, including five de- Day and much gratitude expressed nominations. The chief object of the for the blessing which the meetings Federation is the promotion of prayer brought. This year, also, an addi- and the World Day 'of Prayer is en- tional number of meetings were held thusiastically promoted. A report has in the evening in order that the come telling of highly spiritual meet- younger women, the business and pro- ings attended by both men and wom- fessional women, might have an ac- en and held in many places, morning, tual share in the observance of this noon and night on the Day of Prayer. Day. We believe that there will be In Canada considerable development this coming year of these evening meetings in The World Day of Prayer this year order that a larger number of the class was more widely observed in Canada of women just mentioned might be in- than on any previous occasion, and the cluded in our prayer services.

opinion was expressed that we are This year in a number of churches just on the fringe of the possibilities the foreign-born shared in the serv- of this movement for uniting the ices and blended their voices in prayer Christian women of the world in for the new land that is now theirs prayer. There is a growing apprecia- and for the lands beyond the seas. In tion of the meaning of the Day and one city where twenty meetings were its significance in the releasing of this held, in nineteen of these the women great power .of prayer for the estab- of all nations had a part, and voices in lishment of the Kingdom of God in many tongues were lifted to the All the world. Father, adding greatly to the realiza- In Canada, as in other lands, this tion that it was a World Day of Day has been an evolution. In former Prayer. There is pathetic significance days, these meetings for prayer were in the plea of a little Russian woman denominational, then national, then who attended a service in Toronto, international, and are now world-wide. and on her way out remarked, "They Canada is still a pioneer land and for . prayed for every country but mine to- this reason the program used in the day."

past has been a suggestive one only, There is in Canada gratitude for all capable of adjustment to the needs of the Day has meant in the past, and any community. It is true that some expectation that interest in the ob- services are held in the great churches servance of the Day will grow. The of the cities, others in towns and vil- two phases which we hope to empha- lages and rural communities, but as size this coming year are: further or- well out on the frontier in the isolated ganization of more meetings for and lonely places, small groups of younger women, and an effort to women meet in the schoolhouse which gather into all of our meetings the serves as a church, and sometimes it women of many nationalities found in was only the "two or three" who gath- every community, that in this great ered in the homes. The conduct of fellowship of prayer we may find a any elaborate service under these cir- common purpose in service for our cumstances is, of course, quite im- own land and for the world.

possible, but nevertheless by sharing EFFIE A. JAMIESON.

in the program as arranged and ad- Breaking Down Barriers justed to their needs, these women felt the bond of the great world fel- The above was the theme for the lowship of prayer with the other wom- Day of Prayer on February 24, 1928.

en of the world. That day marked a courageous spir- In Northern Ontario, which is a itual adventure for hundreds of Chris- new section of an old Province, largely tian women who discovered that to -a mining area, there was great en- pray for the breaking down of bar– thusiasm for the observance of the riers would avail little unless by faith

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN MISSION BULLETINS

they were willing heroically to bridge Valley Coal region where our industry thQ gulf of race prejudice and include has been paralyzed for three years by in their service of prayer all who a coal strike, where scores of children loved the Lord, regardless of race or are being fed by public charity each color. Most sacred and enriching ex- day. In view of these conditions we periences were reported from places feel that our service, which was at- where white, black, yellow and many tended by both operators' and miners' nationalities worshiped together. wives, was a real success in coopera- tion." At one such service seven nationali- ties took part. What did it matter From New York–"Catholic women that they prayed in different lan- shared in the observance of our Day guages? of Prayer and several had part on the program, reading ffom their own The following are typical of many Bible. Some Christian Scientist wom- reports: en attended also."

From Indiana-"We had a union From Oregon-"On the Day of meeting, including the Negro churches, Prayer we decided to engage a re- all taking an active part." ligious worker for the Japanese in our community. He is to be a Christian From Californiar-"Five denomina- Japanese." tions took part in the program and two colored groups." Thirty Meetings in One City From Oklahomar–>"We have several An extended account of the observ- families of Syrians, Jews, Indians and ance in New York is given because it Negroes who were included." is rich in suggestions not only as to organization plans for a large city, From Illinois-"Six white churches but also because of the variety of and two colored churches were repre- group contacts which were made and sented. Women are feeling the need which may be made in any com- of more cooperative service and the munity, whether large or small. kindly feeling between our colored and white people is growing. Praise Early in December, 1927, a General Committee was formed to plan for the . the Lord." observance. Later a sub-committee From North Carolinar-"Many of for each of the districts-Manhattan, the Bronx, Harlem, Brooklyn, Queens, our missionary women are more sym- Staten Island-was set up. The pathetic and tolerant with the Negro Greater New York Federation of Churches and the Brooklyn Federa- race now than a few years back. Such tion of Churches cooperated. Through programs as 'Breaking Down Barriers' the courtesy of the former, Mrs. Wil- will help us a great deal to a better liam Edgar Geil, President of the Fed- understanding, and to break down the eration of Woman's Boards of Foreign barriers which hinder our fellowship Missions of North America, led the Family Devotional Hour broadcast at with Christ." 8 a. m. from WEAF on the World Day From Virginiar-"We had the col- of Prayer. Each of the sub-commit- tees worked for weeks organizing ored folks to help in the service." their districts. Many preliminary In Toronto, Canada, where services meetings were held for spiritual preparation as well as for actual were held in nineteen centers of the working out of details. city, many nationalities were included in each meeting. "They came from There were meetings in over thirty the Syrian hills, from Poland, Russia, churches of various denominations Central Africa, Bulgaria, Finland, where approximately 6,000 women Holland, South Africa, Austria, united in prayer for the work at home Ukraine. How beautiful they were! What an inexpressible something they contributed! But deeper than all was the magic effect of praying together."

From Ohio–"I am enclosing a small offering, but it comes from a town which is the center of the Hocking

and abroad. As an expression of their program so that all shared in' the ob- love and devotion, nearly $1,000 was servance. In addition to the services contributed. These services were on the Day itself, a mass meeting was truly interdenominational, interracial arranged for the following Sunday and international. Not only were the afternoon which was attended by large groups of women representative nearly 1,000. At this time, Mrs. John of many different denominations, but M. Hanna, who is so vitally interested when leaders for the various meetings both in the World Day of Prayer and were chosen, care was taken that they the whole problem of interracial re- also should represent different com- lations, brought the message which munities. At several centers prayer was a fitting climax to the observance was offered in different languages- of the World Day of Prayer in Har- Norwegian, Swedish, Italian, Syrian lem. As a result of this first step in and Greek. In' some cases different interdenominational cooperation, a races were represented and had defi- permanent organization was formed in nite places on the program. In one Harlem to help toward the working church the flags of many nations were out of solutions to some. of the prob- banked against a mass of green. At lems of their own community and of another meeting, students of different the world.

nationalities now living at Interna- Beside the women's meetings cited, tional House told the story of what there were other groups uniting in missions had meant in their lives and the observance in the various bor- to their nations. At the special serv- oughs. A missionary service was held ice held at the headquarters of the and special mention was made of the National Board of the Young Wom- Day of Prayer at the noon hour in en's Christian Associations, led by John Street Methodist Episcopal Mrs. John M. Hanna, President, repre- Church in the downtown business dis- sentatives of Africa, Japan, Mexico, trict, where luncheon is served for Australia and Latvia led in directed two hours every Friday for business intercession. As a result of splendid girls who after their lunch have a de- cooperation between the leaders in two votional period. During the noon Manhattan churches and the chairman period 1,373 girls were served. Then in Harlem, talented Negro musicians on the evening before, the Business sang spirituals during the services in Women's Council, and on the Day, the two of the white churches. Prayer Conference of this Council de- The committee in Harlem was com- voted their meetings to the Day of posed entirely of Negro women. Elab- Prayer, following the program "Break- orate plans were made and services ing Down Barriers." All of these were held throughout the day and meetings were under the auspices of evening in one of the largest churches. the Friendly League for Christian Luncheon and dinner were served so Service.

people could remain at the church the Another group to whom the Day of entire day. Three of the finest white Prayer is not so well known is the speakers known to the Boards ad- student group in New York. A be- dressed the different meetings, one in ginning was made this year and the the morning, another in the afternoon committee hopes that another year it and .the third in the evening, when may be more widely known and ob- there were between 600 and 700 served. Both at Columbia University present. It was truly a day of prayer and Barnard College there was special and worship. Probably one of the mention of the Day in the devotional most outstanding features of the serv- services; at Union Theological Sem- ices was the music; spirituals were inary Dr. Harry Emerson Fosdick re- rendered by the Negro choir as only ferred to the world observance in the they can sing them. In the afternoon introductory prayer in the morning the children had a definite part in the worship. At Teachers' College notices

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN MISSION BULLETINS

were posted on bulletin boards and in- claim to be followers of the risen serted in the coJlege weekly bulletin. Christ and yet, seemingly are so powerless in the .face of her great At some of the Mission Board head- world task! The prophet says, "The quarters, services were held and the valley was full of dry bones." Numstaffs of other Boards attended meet- bers are not enough. Efficiency and ings in near-by churches. At the organization are not enough. We morning communion service and the read, "bone fits bone perfectly." They noon-day devotional period at the were clothed with flesh and skin, but Protestant Episcopal headquarters "there was no life in them;' until the mention was made of the Day and prophet prayed: "0, Breath (or special prayers were offered. Dr. Rob- Spirit), breathe upon these that they ert E. Speer spoke on interracial re- may live." Then we read that the lations at a special union meeting held valley was filled with a mighty army by the Presbyterian Boards of For- for God. Isn't this our deepest need? eign and National Missions and the Methodist Board devoted its regular The representatives of fifty-two naworship hour to the Day of Prayer. tions meeting in Jerusalem on the At the meeting of the Administrative Mount of Olives, were brought to a Committee of the Federal Council of deep and fresh realization of the place the Churches of Christ in America, of prayer in accomplishing the spirwhich chanced to occur on the Day of itual task. Encouraged by the move- Prayer, a brief devotional service was ment of prayer, they have issued a call to prayer to the Christian Church in held. all lands. The objects outlined are On the Sunday preceding the World included in the cycle of prayer pub- lished on the little card, "A Call to Day of Prayer, during the question Prayer" which is issued each year in period of the Young People's Confer- preparation for the World Day of ence conducted every Sunday after- Prayer. A supply may be secured free noon by Dr. Daniel A. Poling, Presi- of charge from your denominational dent, International Society of Chris- mission board. Order immediately tian Endeavor, and broadcast over and distribute among the women of WEAF under the auspices of the your church. Greater New York Federation of Churches, some one asked about the It is hoped that Christian women origin of the Day of Prayer. In an- will use the cycle daily, not only leadswer Dr. Poling gave briefly the his- ing up to the Day of Prayer, but tory of the Day telling about its be- throughout the year. ginning in 1887 as a denominational observance and its interdenominational ELLA D. MACLAURIN. beginnings a decade later. CYCLE OF PRAYER Looking back, the committee rejoices in the observance of 1928; SUNDAY. For a Missionary Spirit. looking ahead it sees much to accom- That the Church may see the whole plish for the observance in 1929. world's need of Christ, and may be ready for any sacrifice in order to make Him EDITH E. LOWRY. known to all mankind.

Call To Prayer MONDAY. For a Spirit of Prayer. That Christian people may learn to pray FEBRUARY 15, 1929 as Christ prayed, that an ever-increas- ing number of interceders may be raised There is a universal conviction that up until the whole Church is awakened the deepest need of the church is for to prayer. a new dynamic from "The Great Power House of God." The picture TUESDAY. For a Spirit of Service. given in the 37th chapter of Ezekiel, That the Church may be willing, at strikingly illustrates this need of the whatever cost, to bear witness to Christ; Christian Church in our day. Over that a great number of men and women twenty million in our own country may offer themselves unreservedly to do Christ's work.

WEDNESDAY. For a Spirit of Un- dren of that country. Songs like ity. That the whole Church of Christ "Jesus Loves the Little Children," may desire and experience a new unity "We've a Story to Tell to the Nations" in Christ. are loved by all children.

THURSDAY. For the Gift of Inter- Wide publicity should be given to pretation. That the Church may preach the Day by an early use of the poster the eternal Gospel by word and life in in churches, store windows and other terms that men and women of this age public places. Last year in one com- will understand. munity large church Bibles, opened and marked at the Lord's Prayer and FRIDAY. For Courageous Witness other prayers, were placed in store on Moral and Social Questions. That windows with a poster near the Bible the witness of the Church on the moral announcing the place and hour of questions of our day may truly reflect prayer. the mind of God and may be known and felt throughout the world. Broadcasting stations, if aJ,?proached early, may be glad to devote the morn- SATURDAY. For a Deepening of ing family worship hour to the theme Our Experience of God. For the re- of the Day. Early announcements in moval of all hindrances in our own lives churches, church calendars, bulletin!!, to the manifestation of God's redeeming newspapers, women's clubs and socie- love and power. ties should be made and continued until the Day. Prepare for 1929 In one community the Day was an- The theme, "That They All May nounced last year early in the morn- Be One," fittingly follows that of 1928. ing by the ringing of church bells. In Its spirit should prompt every step in another city the women had a brief planning for the Day. Therefore, the period of prayer in their homes at committee appointed to plan for the 6: 30 in the morning as a preparation service should include in its member- for the Day. In still another comship representatives not only of dif- munity groups of women visited the ferent denominations and the Y. W. shut-ins and held a brief service be- C. A., but also different races and na- fore meeting at the church. tionalities in the community. Copies of the Call and Program Young women and students should should be distributed to those who are be encouraged to plan for special temporarily or permanently shut in meetings at night when large num- their homes or hospitals and they be bers of their group are free to attend. invited to join in this united inter- They will adapt the program to their cession. own groups, adding colorful features which will add to the devotional spirit. The church where the meeting is to Some communities have found a busi- be held should be prepared with much ness woman's luncheon profitable, at thought. It may be made very atwhich from fifteen to thirty minutes tractive with plants, a large map of may be given to directed prayer. the world, flags of all nations, and the Christian flag. The little children of any community will be thrilled by a special Not Forgetting the Collection meeting of their own to pray for the children of the world – "Red and The offering taken at the Day of yellow, black and white." The serv- Prayer service is fulfilling a beautiful ice should be very simple. The chil- and very needful ministry. The obdren of each church may be brought jects represent work which none of to a central church by their leaders in a beautiful processional. Each church our boards could do alone, but tomay represent one country, a member gether it is possible to accomplish a dressed in costume carrying the flag of the country represented. One of worthwhile service. The offering the group may tell a very brief story goesabout the country and then all the children be led in prayer for the chil-

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN MISSION BULLETINS

1. To carry on Christian work en have already gone out from them among that great army of migratory to serve their own people as Christian men, women and little children who workers, teachers, doctors, nurses. harvest the crops and give to us our supplies of canned vegetables and fruits.

2. For the support of Religious Let us plan to make our prayers Work Directors in government Indian issue in a practical evidence of our schools. The government welcomes faith. the service of interdenominational workers. Here is an opportunity of Supplies almost limitless possibilities among thousands of American Indian youth. 1. The special poster, illustrated on these pages, is most artistic and at- 3. To provide Christian literature tractive in color (red and black); for women and children in non-Chris- fourteen by twenty-two inches, 10 tian lands. What would our homes be cents each. Space is left at bottom without books or magazines? That is for insertion of hour and place of what millions of homes are in other meeting. lands. Literature is being translated and published for the homes of India, 2. The little seals, also illustrated, Japan, China and for Moslem women. will help to make the Day widely 4. For the seven union Christian I I I known, for you will want colleges for women in China, India and Japan, which have an enrollment to use them on letters -..J'-J~AJ'-"-"-"­ of 1,200 students. Many young wom- and in other ways; 25 cents per 100, $1.75 per 1,000. An electrotype of the seal for printing on WORLD stationery or fliers may DAYOFPRAYER be had for $1.00 from Ii3:IFJEfH the Council of Women ~ for Home Missions.

3. Program, "That They All May Be One"; $1.75 per 100.

4. Sheet of Suggestions for Leaders, free with supply of programs.

5. "Call to Prayer" with Daily Cycle, free when ordered with pro- gram.

All these supplies may be secured from denominational mission boards.

Leaflets giving information concerning the objects to which the offering is de- voted on the Day of Prayer may be se- cured, free, by writing to Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York, or to Council of Women for Home Missions, 105 East 22d Street, New York.

AMERICA bership, all Baptist bodies

Religious Ga.lns in a. Deea.de 8,440,922 in 1926, as compared with DURING the last ten years (1916 7,153,313 in 1916. There were eigh- to 1926), according to the Fed- teen groups listed as Baptist abnoddinees~ eral census, the various religious sects including Northern, Southern in the United States have gained 12,-. gro Baptists, Duck River and kindred 698,122 adherents; at the same time associations of Baptists and "Twothe value of their church buildings Seed-in-the-Spirit Predestinarian Bapand their current expense budgets tists." have increased over one hundred per The nine groups of Presbyterian bodies had an aggregate membership cent. In 1926 there were 213 religious of 2,555,626 in 1926, as compared with bodies in the United States with 231,- 2,255,626 in 1916, the bulk of the 983 churches and an aggregate mem- membership being in the Presbyterian bership of 54,624,976 members, as Church of the United States of Americompared with 200 denominations re- ca, which had 1,894,030 members in porting 226,718 churches and 41,926,- 1926, compared with 1,625,817 in 1916. 854 members in 1916, a gain of 5,265 Methodist bodies embraced nineteen different groups with a total memberchurches. ship of 8,070,619 in 1926, compared The total church expenditures were with 7,165,573 in 1916. The largest $814,371,529, as compared with $328,- of these groups was the Methodist 809,999 in 1916. Under this item are Episcopal Church with 3,717,785 memincluded the amount expended for salaries, repairs, payments on church bers in 1916 and 4,080,777 in 1926. debt, benevolences, home and foreign Next came the Methodist Episcopal missions, denominational support and Church, South, with 2,114,479 memall other purposes. bers in 1916 and 2,487,694 in 1926.

The value of church edifices in 1926 Seventh Day Ad- 1928 1916 reached the total of $3,842,577,133, as ventists …… . 110,998 79,355 compared with $1,676,600,582 in 1916. Christian Church. 112,795 118,737 Churches of Christ This item does not include buildings Disciples of Christ 433,714 317,937 hired for religious services or those G r e e k Orthodox 1,377,595 1,226,028 used for social or organization work in connection with the church. Church ••…•. 119,495 119,871 Russian Orthodox The churches range in size all the Church •••••.. 95,134 99,681 way from the Theosophical Society of Congrega- 881,696 809,236 tional Churches. 606,561 402,329 New York, independent, with one Latter Day Saints church and fifty-five members in 1926, Unitarians ..•… 60,152 82,515 to the Roman Catholic Church, which Spiritualists …. . 50,631 29,028 had in that year 18,940 churches and Universalists … . 54,957 58,566 18,605,003 members, and which was United Brethren. 377,436 348,828 31,699 26,373 Moravians ….. .

the largest denomination in the country. Chicago Ninety Per Cent Religious Baptist bodies, as a whole, ranked FROM accounts of crime in the next to the Roman Catholics (18,604,- daily papers Chicago would seem to 998 including children) in total mem- be the most wicked city in the world.

926

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

The following item gives us a differ- Kentucky at Lexington, Kentucky State ent picture of this metropolis: Home Missions Council; "Some of the results of a recent Wisconsin at Madison, Wisconsin Home religious survey of this city, made by Missions Council; the Chicago Church Federation, are of such general interest and value as Minnesota at Minneapolis, Minnesota to deserve attention and study by Federation; Christian people of whatever faith. According to the report of the survey North Dakota at Jamestown, North sent out by Walter R. Mee, executive Dakota Council of Church Represecretary of the Federation, metro- sentatives; politan Chicago is ninety per cent religious, a percentage not surpassed by Montana at Butte, Home Missions Counany city of half a million or more in cil of Montana; the United States. It may seem hard to reconcile this statement with the Washington at Seattle, Western Washcriminal records and conditions which ington Home Missions Council; exist here, and which have given the city an evil name everywhere. But Oregon at Portland, Oregon Church Chicago has always been a place of Executives; paradoxes." Idaho at Boise, Horne Missions Council A Leper Conference in New York of Idaho; T HE American Mission to lepers, of Wyoming at Cheyenne, Home Missions which Wm. M. Danner is the effi- Council of Wyoming; cient secretary, held a notable conference in the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Colorado at Denver, Colorado Home Mis- Church, New York City, on October sions Council; 2d and 3d. Mr. W. H. P. Anderson, secretary- of the Mission to Lepers, South Dakota at Huron, South Dakota London, was present and spoke on Council. "Lepers of the World." Missionaries, physicians and others conversant with The state Home Mission leaders inthe subject brought much valuable in- vited the brethren of all denominations formation and inspiration on the sub- represented in their states to attend ject of the care and cure of lepers these interdenominational gatherings. and on the Christian missionary work that is bringing health to their bodies The findings .of the National Church and the peace of Christ to their souls. Comity Conference state: Interdenominational Home Mission We are advancing to a new era in Meetings which we will see free religious groups building not by competitive drift but by HENOMINATIONAL leaders of cooperative intention. We are today fac- ing the question whether free churches "'" eleven states arranged to meet in a free state can discipline themselves dudng October to consider interde- and develop a public mindedness which norr~national fellowship and coopera- will temper the denominational con- sciousness and make of the churches a tHioonm.~ The executive secretary of the great, free cooperative fellowship bent Missions Council, Dr. W. R. on the bringing in of the Kingdom of God. King, counselled with state executives International Goodwill Congress and le'aders, to suggest new lines of ~~MUST We Have War" will be the action'ftnd encourage them in their theme of the International great adventure of fellowship. Dr. Goodwill Congress in New York City on the tenth anniversary of the sign- King's itinerary included: ing of the Armistice, November 11th, 12th and 13th, under the auspices of the World Alliance for International Friendship Through the Churches.

The major themes to be discussed are as follows: "Ten Years' Achieve- ments in the Crusade for a Warless World," "The Unfinished Tasks Nec- essary for Enduring Peace," "The Im- mediate Responsibility of the United States of America," "The Mobilization of the Moral and Religious Forces of the World," "The Organization of the

Moral and Religious Forces of Cities, on no account to join the scouts or Towns and Communities," "Limita- the guides,. because they were only tion of Armaments," and "Organiza- being trained to fight against Russia tions for Securing World Peace." when the next war begins. One of thjl Finns, aged eleven, wrote to the editor Fred B. Smith is chairman of the of the paper to ask 'How this foolish Executive Committee of the World idea of God arose?' The editor replied Alliance. Further information may be that it was a myth made up years ago obtained from the headquarters of the by the bosses to frighten the people Union at 70 Fifth Avenue, New York into obeying them-they were told, if City. they did not, God would punish them! The Canadian and British children An Italian-Negro Congregation continued to read their Bible lessons in spite of the ridicule of the Finn and FOR a number of years St. Paul's Russian children, who told them Church, Philadelphia, housed an 'There is no God, and when you die Italian congregation. Gradually the you are put in a hole and that is the community changed, with the influx end of you!' of Negroes from the South, and four years ago the church was turlll~d over "What" asks Miss Hasell, "can be to a Negro congregation. Since that done for these children in rural distime the work has progressed, with tricts? There is a shortage of clergy some curious complications. and lack of funds; no Bible teaching is provided in the day schools. Only Last year, for example, when the the caravan workers can at present daily vacation Bible school was organ- help these children in many districts. ized, the Italian children of the com- It is a race between Christianity and munity insisted on coming and shar- atheism or materialism: whoever gets ing in the work with the Negro chil- in first gets all the children. The dren, and the fact that they were Bolshevists tell the children to burn required to receive instruction from our papers. At one mining town we Negro teachers did not disturb them. visited, full of Russians and Finns, They also used the playground under they were showing the children a Bible the direction of a Negro pastor and with caricatures of all the Old and other Negro workers. New Testament characters."-The Guardian. These children of the city streets are ready to recognize merit where it LATIN AMERICA exists, and to share in programs that seem worth while, without raising un- E-…ngelical Forces in Mexico necessary racial problems. T HE National Convention of the Christianity or BolshevisJIl1 Sunday schools and Christian Or- ganizations of the E van gel i c a I WRITING in The Mission Field for Churches in Mexico was held in July August, F. H. Eva Hasell dis- in the new Christian Church at Aguascusses the future of the Canadian far calientes. The president, the Rev. west. ''We were much struck," she Epigmenio Velasco, pastor of the writes, "when revisiting the districts Methodist church in Puebla said in where British, Canadian, Finn and his address: Russian children all went to the same day school, to find how Bolshevist "We are here to give public testiliterature had increased. Even the mony to the entire nation, that far Sunday-school-by-post children were from being divided, as some have receiving a newspaper printed in Eng- claimed or have desired, the evangelilish at Toronto, telling the children cals of the republic form one body in not to put up the Union Jack, which which dwells one spirit, the spirit of they do each day outside the school, Christ." not to sing 'God Save the King,' and In reply to the address of welcome,

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Jesus G. Perez. pastor of the Congre- Notable School in Paraguay D gational Church in Guadalajara. said: R. FRED L. SOPER, of the Rocke- feller Foundation, writes from "Those gathered here have no political views of any kind. Privately we Rio de Janeiro: "I recently had the- have our own ideas, and we are in- pleasure of visiting the Colegio In- terested in the movements that are ternacional in Asuncion and found agitating our nation. And we are in- that the new school building is almost terested in the social movement be- completed and the lahoratory well cause on the course which this under way. This school is making a movement takes will depend many phe- notable contribution to the educational nomena of the national life…. We are life of Paraguay." The edifice re- citizens of this country which we love ferred to is the Allen-Stone building, so much, and we desire its enlarge- which cost $75,000. It contains the ment in every sense; but also we wish administrative offices and classrooms, to be citizens of the republic estab- and is the best school building in ished by Jesus, of that republic which Paraguay. Ohio women of the Disknows no frontiers, where color does ciples of Christ Church. which mainnot count, where there is no distinc- tains the school, are raising $20,000 tion between rich and poor, where to complete the Mary Lyon Hall, there is neither great nor small, where which is to be a dormitory for girls. there are neither nobles nor plebeians, There remains to be supplied a dormibut where all are one in Christ." tory for boys, to cost $75,000. This Rev. W. A. Ross writes that the Na- sum is sought through the Educa- tional Convention of the Evangelical tional Advance in South America.

forces of Mexico revealed Protestant- A Brazilian Woman Convert ism at its best. Representatives from all of the Evangelical churches at- I N CAMPINA GRANDE, Brazil, tended. The convention lasted six days the Evangelical Union of South and is an annual gathering. There America, an English society, is' at were 143 registered delegates from work, and Mrs. Briault tells the story outside the city of Aguascalientes. of a woman whom she had visited and The popular meetings filled the large prayed for: "One night, the old lady auditorium. and even the conferences could not sleep; she heard a noise in for study morning and afternoon were her room, and when she got up to see attended by from 100 to 200 inter- what the cause of it was, she found a ested persons. big beetle eating her holy pictures. And she went back to bed and medi- The delegates came from 16 of the tated upon it. 'Here am I worshipping 28 states of the Mexican Republic and these pictures,' she said, 'and these represented 13 religious bodies; not saints and they cannot even save themmore than 20 were foreigners; all of selves from the beetles.' She told me the others were Mexicans. about this, and asked me what she There were men and women in the should do with them, for she did not convention well prepared to take lead- like to burn them. I said, 'You can ership. Their discussions, the papers wrap them up in a parcel and give they presented, their sermons, all re- them to me.' And she sent them to vealed this. With few exceptions there our house for us to dispose of for her.

is a spirit of harmony and brotherly Now she and her two daughters, and love in this great Evangelical Church. two sons-in-law are all members of They are now making their plans to our church, and splendid workers for be missionaries to the great untouched the Lord. The old lady cannot read, areas of the country, that every phase but she comes to the services and pays of the life of Mexico may be brought such attention to what is said, that under the subjection of our Lord Je- anyone who goes into her little store sus Christ. has to hear the Gospel."

5

EUROPE Primitive Methodist Church and 242,- 866 in the United Methodist Church. Britis'h and American Students The uniting churches have a combined strength of 5,597 ordained ministers, AN IMPORTANT conference of 54,971 local preachers and 25,826 churches. f.official representatives from the student Christian movements in the The Evangelical Social Congress United States and in Great Britain met in London in July as the first T HE thirty-fifth annual meeting of formal step toward more active coop- the Evangelical Social congress, at eration between Christian student Dresden, May 29-31, aroused widegroups in the two countries. The spread interest by the discussion of following preamble to the findings of the functions of the "social pastor." the conference read: "As representa- Dr. Herz, the general secretary of the tives of the Student Christian move- congress, described the qualities which ments of Great Britain and Ireland the clergyman needs to fulfill his and of the United States of America, duties in an industrial community. He and as members of the World's Stu- must have a first-hand knowledge of dent Christian federation, we believe the life of the workers in order to be that the most progressive and enlight- able to judge independently and corened elements in the East and the West rectly their social problems and needs. have become convinced that war should His work must have a universal charno longer be used as an instrument acter, and he must have time and unof public policy, but should be elimi- derstanding for individuals from nated from the life of the nations as whatever social or political group they a social evil. We unanimously favor may come. Above all the pastor must the adoption of the treaty to abolish fight with deep and warm devotion war as an instrument of national pol- for the social welfare of the workers. icy and agree to carry to our movements the urgent request that they The Evangelical Social Congress was assist in creating a public opinion fa- founded in 1890 by a group of revorable to its adoption and applica- ligious leaders, politicians, and econotion." mists, among whom the foremost were Prof. Harnack and Friedrich Nau- British Methodist Union mann. Its permanent headquarters is in Leipzig. The program of the con- T HE United Methodists, the Primi- gress is based on the assumption that tive Methodists and the Wesleyan the Gospel is the ultimate ethico-re- Methodists of Great Britain have ligious standard by which social probvoted to unite iIi one body so as to lems are to be judged, and that in it bring organic union in 1933. there will be found the motive power strong enough to overcome the pro- A final vote on union will be taken found social tensions and antagonisms. in each church in 1931, in 1932 the uniting conferences will hold final sep- Persecution in Spain arate sessions and in 1933 for the first time the three conferences will meet EVANGELICAL C h r i s t ian s in as one. Spain, even in these days, suffer much for their faith in Christ. Mr. . The membership of the Wesleyan P. J. Buffard, of the Spanish Gospel Methodist Church, including proba- Mission, writes: "In Santa Cruz, pertioners, is 1,008,199, of the Primitive secution is worse than ever; a master Methodist Church 220,806, and of the builder and his son, have never before United Methodist Church 153,757. lacked work, but since their confes- The smaller churches are relatively sion of Christ things have been getstronger in Sunday schools, the fig- ting increasingly difficult. In one week ur,es for Sunday school enrolment being 1,063,329 in the W e s ley an Methodist Church, 394,050 in the

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

alone he lost four contracts, simply Revival in Russia because of his principles. The son DISCUSSING the failure of the Bolhas quite a gift for speaking. During shevik anti-religious demonstra- Easter week we had no one to send to tions, the Moscow "Pravda" reports .Santa Elena, so asked him to go, and an "alarming revival of religion in we were told that splendid meetings Russia." Church memberships are inwere held; this meant losing one day's creasing instead of decreasing. Comwork, but he refused to be reimbursed. munists are singing in the choirs.

A blacksmith also, in this town, had Still other Communists, even chairlost nearly all his customers for the men of local "cells," are heading drives same reason."-The Christian. to collect funds to repair and build Y. W. C. A. at Budapest churches. It is foolish to believe that only old men and women attend church I N JUNE a Y. W. C. A. world con- regularly. The anti-religious propa- ference was held at Budapest. "The ganda is proceeding very slowly, and Word of Reconciliation" was the the average clergyman in Russia is theme. There were some extremely beginning to look happier and act difficult questions to be faced both be- more bravely in regard to giving refore the entire conference and in the ligious instruction to the young.- world's committee. One of the most The Australian Christian World. difficult is the relation of the Y. W.

C. A. to the Roman Catholic Church. AFRICA The conference called upon the nation- Methodist Progress in Africa T al moverrients to study the question, HE report of the Committee on the State of the Church made to the and has undertaken to prepare a summary of the development of the inter- South Africa Central Mission Confer- confessional position of the Y. W. C. A. ence of the Methodist Episcopal Christianity in German Schools Church held in Johannesburg, con- tained the following statistics of prog- EIGHTY-THREE German neurolo- ress in the four Bantu mission fields gists and insanity specialists have represented: "A decided growth' has united in an urgent plea that the marked the work during the past 'four young people of the public schools of years. We began the quadrennium Germany be not deprived of Christian with 7,053 members, and have closed teaching. "In the present lamentable with 11,802. Likewise, at the begin- struggle of political parties over the ning of the quadrennium there were schools, attempts are being made, in 5,538 pupils in our day schools and a folly truly irresponsible, to shake the we close with 6,499. In the Sunday- foundations of Christianity. We …. school at the beginning of the earnestly warn against allowing the quadrennium there were 5,279 Sun- belief in Christ, even in the least de- day-school scholars and at the close gree, to lapse in the hearts of our there are 6,645. Also during the four youth, since it is this that is the real years we have raised $16,615 for self- anchor in the storms in our times. support and $1,037 for benevolence.

The Christian religion is now, and In 1923 we had two ordained native will remain, the philosophy, the ethic, ministers and we close with six or- the socialism. Therein are we psychi- dained native ministers and two others atrists and neurologists at one with who are on probation. We began also the greatest and noblest among the the quadrennium with 118 native spirits whom the German people are workers, pastor teachers, evangelists, proud to name as their sons, and who etc., and we close with 282, all of whom have taught us to recognize the nature have charge of our work in villages in and ends of Christianity in its infinite Portugese East Africa and in the wisdom, truth, freedom and strength." compounds in the Transvaal. At the -The American Friend. close of this quadrennium we have

work in 278 distinct centers. This symbol, "C. E.," in place of their work is divided into nineteen circuits, former symbol, "C. S.," "Christlike twelve of which are cared for by the "Strewer," a literal translation of native ministers and evangelists. "Christian Endeavor" into the Dutch Churches and parsonages are being language. built by the native members without any outside help whatever." In Wellington, the Andrew Murray centenary celebration was carried out Congo Conference on Missions largely by the students and friends of the movement. Dr. Murray was the AN IMPORTANT missionary con- first president of the South African ference took place at Leopoldville, Christian Endeavor Union, and was Belgian Congo, from September 16th honorary president until the day of his to 24th. Protestant Missions, work- death in 1917.-Christian Endeavor ing in African territory with a coast World. line of 3,500 miles, participated and there were delegates from Britain, A Visit to West Africa America, Belgium, France and Scandinavia, as well as government officials, WE HAD the privilege in Accra commercial leaders, and educational (West Africa) of visiting the and other experts. They discussed, Scotch Presbyterian Mission, where in the light, of modern conditions, we learned of the union of the church such questions as "Government, Peo- groups of this mission, the Wesleyan ple and Cultures of the African West Mission and the Basel Mission into Coast," "Health," "Education," Mos- one body known as "The Presbyterian lem Problems," and "Land, Labor and Church of the Gold Coast." We also Industry." Among those present was visited the "Prince of Wales College" James L. Sibley, now engaged in im- at Achimota, of which the principal is portant educational advisory work in Dr. A. G. Fraser, a most capable edu- Liberia, besides missionary leaders cator of wide experience, and the vicesuch as M. Anet of Brussels, Rev. A. principal was the late Dr. J. E. K. W. Banfield of Lagos, W. J. W. Roome, Aggrey, one of the ablest and most the Bible Society's East African Sec- influencial of the native leaders of retary, Dr. T. S. Donohugh of the Africa. The "Prince of Wales Col- American Methodists, and Dr. Ler- lege" is a government institution, rigo, the American Baptist secretary. founded in 1924; it is an indication of A report of the conference will appear the government's interest in educalater in the REVIEW. tion; it has four square miles of land and it is expected that approximately Christian Endeavor in South Africa three million dollars will be available for site and plant, with an annual THE national English-speaking grant-in-aid from the government of , convention was held recently in $150,000.00 which it is expected will Cape Town and the key-notes were be increased to $250,000.00. The Faithfulness and Witnessing. classes extend from kindergarten to graduate work with special emphasis The societies of the English-Speak- on the practical sciences; the present ing Union of South Africa are widely student body numbers 250, and an ulscattered, but the national convention timate enrollment of 750 is anticibrings together representative work- pated. Of the faculty of forty from ers from all parts of the country. abroad, the majority are university men, chiefly from Oxford and Cam- There is also in South Africa a bridge. We were impressed by the Dutch Reformed Christian Endeavor general air of cleanliness, order, ac- Union, composed of Dutch-speaking tivity, and prosperity of the towns of societies. Since the World's Christian the Gold Coast; the British officials Endeavor Convention in London, in have carried out their trust with evi- 1926, these Dutch-speaking' societies have decided to adopt the universal

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dent wisdom and fidelity.-W. Regi- Christian Missionary Society has apna,ld Wheeler. propriated $10,000 for the construc- tion of the first buildings and for the An African Girls' Guild initial expenses of the school.-The Watchman Examiner. I N THE diocese of Lagos, Nigeria, there is a very promising Girls' Andrew Murray Centenary Guild movement operating at seven different centers, carried on by mis- ON MAY 9, 1828, the one hundredth sionaries of the Church Missionary anniversary of the birth of the Society. The members are baptized late Andrew Murray of South Africa, girls who are able to read and who was celebrated with gatherings at are over fourteen years of age. Re- Wellington. The life of Mary Lyon cently at one of the centers experi- was not forgotten, since reading of ments in outdoor preaching have been her work inspired Andrew Murray to made. The girls marching in fours undertake similar work in South Afand singing proceed to a street corner. rica, and he wrote to Mount Holyoke Three girls, running in advance, call Seminary for his first helpers (1873). out the heathen women and children who gather in large numbers. The Born of a Scottish father and a girls then teach the children a chorus, Dutch Hugenot mother, Andrew Murand a talk by the training-class ray was schooled in Scotland, received teacher follows. The crowd is then theological training in Holland, redivided into sections and six selected turned to South Africa, and began his girls of the guild teach a text to each ministry in the Orange Free State. group, and the missionary in charge His vision increased until his parish finally closes with a talk and prayer. extel,ded over all South Africa. As author he had a world parish, for he Colored Missionaries for Africa wrote 250 books in Dutch and English. Dr. Murray died in 1917 but the vari- AT THE meeting of the Presbyterian ous branches of missionary and edu- 1'l.Board (North), March, 1928, ac- cational work in which he shared are tion was taken with reference to the still carried on with vigor and fruitappointment of colored missionaries fulness. to the West Africa Mission, which at its annual meeting in 1927 voted in THE NEAR EAST favor of such appointments. Bible in Bible Lands In harmony with the action of the Board the Reverend Irwin W. Under- REV. ARTHUR W. PAYNE writes hill, Jr., and his fiancee, Miss Susan from Palestine in the quarterly T. Reynolds, both of African descent, magazine published by the Hebrew were appointed and assigned to the Christian Alliance: "On our last mis- West Africa Mission. Mr. Underhill sionary journey, we paid a visit to one was educated at the University of of the Chassidim or orthodox colonies, Pennsylvania, Lutheran Seminary and where on the first occasion we had a Princeton Seminary. Miss Reynolds very unfriendly reception. The attiwas educated at the University of tude this time was quite different. Pennsylvania and the Philadelphia Then a Hebrew Bible was bought and Normal School. a little open-air gathering .was held. This year has been one of wide cir- University for the Congo culation of the Scriptures in the cities and colonies of Palestine, particularly T HE Congo is to have a university. in Haifa and the surrounding district. A grant of land has been obtained On foot, on horseback, in train and for that purpose. This will be the carriages, in street and shop, in publi'c first university in the vast Congo building and private house, the Word country. It will be called "The Congo of. God has been given out. Visits Christian Institute." The United have been made regularly through the

year to a large number of Jewish its place. They began their activities settlements, in which testimony was in Egypt, and they are spreading furgiven by literature and by word of ther and further afield. They want mouth. Besides these, opportunity to cultivate their old national culture, has been given for witness in Jeru- to devote themselves to the uplifting salem, and visits have been made to of the masses, to the protection of the the new settlements on Mount Carmel peasant and workers, to help to raise and some different Yemenite quarters the social conditions of the poor classes where Jews from Arabia have settled." in their countries, and to educate a new rising generation, which one day Religious Future of Turkey will show to Europe the new face of Islam. T HE situation in Turkey today is a perilous one for the soul of The Literary Digest in its account that new nation. "There are today in of the conference makes the following all Turkey only fifty men in line to statement: "This Moslem renaissance take up the work of the hodjas in the is in its first stage of development, mosques," declares a returned Ameri- it has great obstacles to surmount, can worker. "Three years ago, at pray- there is still much inexperience among er time, the aisles of any train in its leaders; but it has, nevertheless, Turkey would be filled with men say- to be watched closely by all who are ing their prayers at the appointed really interested in the structural and times. Just recently I traveled across psychological changes which Eastern the entire country and saw in all that society is undergoing today." time but one man performing his religious rites en route. Ramazan, the Gospels in Arabia once closely kept religious festival, is no longer devoutly observed. During I N ARABIA, one of the most difficult it the schools are not permitted to countries for missionaries to enter, close, neither are the children excused sales of 2,059 Gospels and Testaments from attendance." Whither is Turkey were effected mainly through the efbound? Will she follow Russia in her forts of the two doctors and a nurse disregard of religion as a vital factor at the Sheikh Othman Hospital, near in the life of any nation? Will she Aden. These included 1,985 Arabic turn to a purified and reorganized Gospels and 26 Arabic New Testa- Islam? Or will the religion of the ments. As the report points out the Nazarene, as Christianity is coming three great Bible Societies of the Engto be spoken of there, arouse her en- lish-speaking World, British and Forthusiasm by its moral strength and eign, Scottish, and American, have spiritual beauty?-The Missionary since they began to operate unitedly Herald. circulated some 647,000,000 copies of the Word; but their work is very far Young Men'. ·Moslem. Association from being completed. With a world population reckoned today at 1,849,- T HE desire of the Moslem world to 500,000 it would seem that "more than create a new Islam and the wide- half the world still lives in Bible-less awake minds of its young followers homes."-South African Outlook. is shown. in a conference of young Moslems held at Jaffa in April, 1928, INDIA AND SIAM at which 120 delegates from all the towns and villages of Palestine met. FreedoDl for Afghan Women The conference decided to create a Young Men's Moslem Association sim- K ING AMANULLA, who has reilar to the Y. M. C. A., which has turned home from a prolonged played so large a part in the Western- spectacular tour in the West, seems ization .of the East. Now the Young bent upon introducing radical reforms Moslem Association has come to take into the social and religious life of his country. The attack made by the

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Amir and Queen Souriya upon purdah will be a difficult task for any commitburst like a bombshell in the camp of tee to evolve a theistic teaching which Afghan Moslems. But this does not will be acceptable to the followers of seem to have hindered King Amanulla these diverse religions. However, this in his efforts at reformation. Now resolution, accepted by the senate of His Majesty is said to be waging war the Bombay University, indicates the against polygamy. As reported, by growing conviction in India of the the Amani-Afghan, he announced to great need there is in our present sysa gathering of the Afghan Govern- tem of secular education for introducment servants, that "polygamy was ing an element of religion which will one of the chief causes of corruption, be a corrective to the materialism of and that in future any government this age.-The Christian Century. servant taking a second wife should tender his resignation." It is doubt- Conversions to Hinduisll1 ful whether the Moulvis and Moulanas of Afghanistan will support this re- ACABLE from Bombay reports conform, as this would be contrary to versions to Hinduism of numbers their teaching that four wives are al- of Christians following on the "conlowed to Muslims. But the influence version" of the former Nancy Ann of King Amanulla may be great Miller of Seattle, when she became the enough to stifle opposition and to carry wife of the former maharajah of Inthrough this reform. The abolition dore. Investigations made by the Inof the purdah seems to mean that the dian Witness of Lucknow, show that Afghan women are at last coming into this cablegram was invented by some their own. one to discourage American supporters of Christian missions in India. The Religion in Bombay University only element of truth in the present report is that some Roman Catholics ONE of the points that emerged in Goa-a Portuguese possession on from the consideration of the the west coast of India, embraced Hin- Christian message in relation to non- duism under circumstances which re- Christian religions at the Jerusalem flect no credit on Hinduism. The meeting of the International Mission- government of Goa enacted legislation ary Council was that the great enemy making child marriage illegal for of Christianity is not anyone or all Christians. Some of the Roman Caththe non-Christian religions put to- olic converts did not wish to give up gether but the growing secularism and that evil custom. Arya Samajists-a materialism of the world. Sincere fol- reform movement in Hinduism-who lowers of non-Christian religions are usually preach against child marriage also alive to the growing menace to were willing to compromise their printheir religions that is offered by ma- ciples to enlist converts to Hinduism, terialism. This belief has found curi- and a number of the offended Roman ous expression in the action recently Catholics, yielding to their influence, taken by the Bombay University, a embraced Hinduism. purely secular institution, of appointing a committee "to consider and re- "Movies" in India port on the question of the advisability of inculcating a theistic attitude in MANY towns in India have cinemas our educational system in general and where imported films from the in the affiliated colleges in particular." west are shown. It is reported that The resolution is somewhat curious in the exhibition of American films, dethat it attempts "the inculcation of a picting certain aspects of western lifa, theistic attitude" among students who is not only undermining the "white profess religions such as the different man's prestige" in India but also telldforms of Hinduism, Islam, J ainism ing to demoralize the East Indians. Zoroastrianism and Christianity. It The Council of State-the upper house of the Indian parliament-adopted. a

resolution asking for an inquiry into shall drop mine, and you need not the censorship of films. A committee, urge me to go on with my Master's appointed by government with Mr. T. degree. I will marry the girl as you Rangachari, an Indian, as its chair- wish, but I will apply for a clerk's man recommended a small import duty job." They gave over, because they on all films, including British, as a did want him to have his M.A. degree. measure of protection to the Indian Now he 'has that, and he says he is film industry now in its infancy. The entitled to a wife who will be a comjudgment of the committee about al- panion, and whose intellect he can relegations made that the cinema has spect. When I mentioned that the been a factor in lowering the stand- proportion was eighty to one, he said, ards of sex conduct, is that they are "I know that, but I think I am now grossly exaggerated. entitled to that one."

Methodist Banks in the Punjab A Student Gathering METHODISTS have fifty-five thou- I N DECEMBER a significant inter- sand Christians on their member- national gathering is to be held at ship rolls in the Punjab. Vocational Mysore. The World's Student Chriseducation is being pushed and Chris- tian Federation, which holds its Gentians are being followed into the new eral Committee once in two years, is regions opened up by the growing ir- planning to hold its 1928 Committee rigation schemes. If we can solve the in India at the invitation of the Stuvillage problem in the Punjab, socially, dent Christian Movements of India. educationally and sp'ritually, we shall Probably the number of delegates have the strongest Christian work in coming from Overseas will be about India. The province contains India's 80 or 90; and in addition, a few outmost virile people, and already they are standing representatives of Indian eontributing more for self-support per thought will be invited to share in .capita than any other of this field. their deliberations. Among those In- An Indian district superintendent of dian leaders who have already exthe Punjab has the distinction of hav- pressed their hope to be present at the ing established twenty-two Methodist General Committee are: Mahatma agricultural banks in his district. Gandhi, Prof. Radhakrishnan, Prin- These banks have changed the psy- cipal Zakir Husain of Delhi, Sjt. Bhai chology of our people, and are already Paramanand of Lahore. the nerve centers of a new life and a growing evangelism.-Bishop B. T. Tracts for India BADLEY. THE Christian Churches in India have established a chain of Union Indian Demands Educated Wife Societies which are producing Chris- tian literature for Christians and nonl.tfRS. ROSS WILSON, of Lahore, Christians. Mr. Norman R. D. Pant in The Indian Witness gives an acif.l India, tells the following story: "A count of the distribution of tracts among the people of rural areas and splendid Sikh student friend of ours describes it as "one of the most inwas in, one evening . . . He gradu- teresting kinds of evangelism." We ated several years ago, and has now quote below some of the incidents of passed his examination for a govern- a day in the country: ment post. He was talking about his marriage. He said his parents re- "Some amusing pictures abide in our fused to consider the girl who was memories. One is of an old man on a well educated, that they had heard of, camel. We slowed down the car and one blicause she did not belong to the right of us stretched out a hand to reach him caste. Others that they urged upon with several tracts. He took them and bim, of the proper caste, were unedu- with beautiful courtesy bowed low and cated, and he said, "Very well, if I am gave us a hearty "salaam." We returned to have a wife with no ambitions, I

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his greeting with a like gesture of good have been scattered far and wide throughout China and are lying on the will and he seemed greatly pleased. shelves or in other places in the homes of the people. Rev. Joshua Vale calls "One rustic gentleman came along for special prayer "that these books H;nd tracts may, as it were, come to seated majestically and somewhat pomp- hfe and bear their witness just at this time when the voice of the evangelist ously on a diminutive pony. We took a and individual witness is more or less ~hance with so~e of our tracts by throw- sihmt." The many instances in mismg th~m to h~m, and looked anxiously sionary history of conversion brought about by the simple reading of the and wIth consIderable curiosity to see New Testament give force to Mr. Vale's appeal for prayer "that the whether he would undertake the formid- Spirit of God shall move those who have portions of Scripture or other able ~ask of removing himself from his Christian literature to take them down, dust them, and read them to seat .m order to get the tracts. He did the salvation of their souls."

so wIth more alacrity than seemed pos- Peking Union Medical College sible and soon remounted and went jog- A STATEMENT recently issued by the Rockfeller Foundation reads: ging along reading as he went. "To one medical center the Rockfeller Foundation sustains a unique relation. "A bullock cart full of people was up- In Peking, through a separate Board of Trustees, it has built and is main- ~et when with one accord the occupants taining a high standard, well-equipped, modern institution for teaching, re- Jumped out III a mad competition for the search, care of patients, and the dif- fusion of knowledge about Western tracts we threw to them. Of this stoooo~ medicine, curative and preventive. It we have a vivid picture that will not' seeks to train leaders, to develop char- acter, and to i.nspire high ideals of fade from our memory. professional and social obligation. In spite of the clashes and conflicts with "One immensely encouraging feature which China feels her way towards a new sense of nationality, the Peking ?f the day's work was that on the return Union Medical College carries on. For Jo~rney we could not see even one tract the recent academic year (1927-28) seventy-eight undergraduate medical lymg on the road. Everyone had been students and twenty-one pupil nurses ~ak<:;n away. Often we saw them pro- are enrolled as compared with sixty- seven medical students and fourteen Jectmg from pockets or turbans or pupil nurses in the previous year. In 1926-27 seventy doctors did advanced dhotis." work in special courses or individually in the capacity of assistants." CHINA Child Labor in Tientsin WITH the endorsement of the Chinese Chamber of Commerce Miss Lydia Johnson, a Y. W. C. A: secretary, and Miss Tao Ling have been studying working conditions among women and children in Tien- tsin. There are six large cotton mills and rug and amndatcphacfkaicntgoricees~tearss well as shipping for nuts. "One notices the prevalence of child labor everywhere," writes Miss Johnson. "Most of the machinery I saw in the mills and fTahcteorsipeis~nwinags made in Lowell, Mass.

machines are especially designed in size to accommodate children. A child's small, deft fingers are pre- ferred to those of adults. I saw tiny boys and girls not more than seven or eight years of age. They stand all day for twelve hours packing matches into boxes with incredible speed. Their wages in our money are five or six cents a day."

Bibles on Chinese Bookshelves The Harvard-Yenching Institute DURING the last decade millions of T HE trustees of the estate of ·the Scripture portions, New Testa- late Charles M. Hall have selected ments or complete Bibles, and tens of Yenching University, Peking, as a millions of Christian books and tracts joint beneficiary with Harvard Uni-

versity in a bequest of $2,000,000. ing to be ahungs. A few of the Mos- Under the terms of Mr. Hall's will the lems have become Christians. The trustees were given the discretionary senior pastor of the diocese is a conpower of selecting institutions in Asia verted Moslem, a Mr. Sung. This man which were making valuable contribu- was attracted by the high character of tions to education. Yenching was one of the earliest missionaries, a Mr. chosen as one of these and the Har- Bird. The persistent love revealed in vard-Yenching Institute of Chinese the life of that missionary called Mr. studies has been established with this Sung to be baptised, and become an university as its base in China. The evangelist, catechist, and priest. purpose of the Institute is to promote both in China and America graduate Mr. Isaac Mason stressed the point study and research in the various that we must speak as friends of Mosbranches of Chinese culture with the lems. It is splendid that there is so primary objective of encouraging the much in common in the following Chinese to study their own highly de- points: veloped civilization in the light of scientific methods of research and to 1. Unity of God. 2. Divine omnipointerpret this civilization to the West. tence and goodness. 3. Doctrine of the Yenching will thus be enabled to offer future life. 4. Jesus Christ as one of graduate work to its own students and the saints. They do not recognize His to those who come from other parts Divinity. 5. Jesus Christ as intercesof China, in this manner strengthen- sor as no other saint. 6. Faith in the ing the emphasis on Chinese culture Book (Koran). Similar as our Bible,- which is one of the consequences of the the "Word of God." Student Movement. The work of Harvard will consist of courses in the In those things in which we are sepa- Chinese language and literature, as rated we must lead them cautiously as well as in various aspects of Sinology in the following: 1. The Fatherhood of studied through the medium of Eng- God, which is the sublime truth of Chrislish and other European languages. tianity; 2. Jesus Christ, whom they acknowledge only in the human relation- Friends of Moslems ship; 3. Redemption through Jesus Christ, for they are trained to get it THE First Annual Meeting of the through other means; 4. Christianity Society of Friends of the Moslems the only true religion, for the Koran in China was held in Shanghai on May also has truth; 5. Denial of Mohammed first. Bishop Molony presided. as a prophet. There is another way.

Bishop Holden, the first speaker, We must show the excellency of started off by saying that he holds a Jesus Christ. It is most important distinction few Christians can claim: that we should study Mohammedan- -he built a mosque in Kweilin. The ism. We should know at least a little mission property was next door to a about it. In Chinese alone the mosque and one night it burnt down, Moslems have a wealth of literature. the mosque burning with it. At first There are over three hundred books the Mohammedans were quite angry, whieh are worth examining. It is but when he offered to pay for the absolutely necessary for one who is building of another they became quite working among them to obtain a symfriendly. Kweilin is the only city in pathetic knowledge of their literature his diocese containing any number of and doctrine.-Friends of Moslems. Moslems. There are 25,000 there, with six mosques to minister to their JAPAN-CHOSEN needs. The faith is not aggressive, but on the other hand it is very diffi- A Dry Mikado cult to meet the Moslems. The Koran is only taught to those who are study- I N THESE days of discussion on pro- hibition in America, the following quotation from The Christian Patriot, an Indian magazine, is of interest: "Whether in the West or in the East, Emperors and members of the Royalty have always been strong sup- porters of rare vintages and famous

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

liquors. We are therefore pleasantly clined to materialism unless Christian surprised to learn that the present idealists will stand and fight against Mikado is a staunch teetotaler. No it. intoxicating liquor of any kind, it is said, is served on the royal banquet "The One Million Souls Movetables, and the Emperor's example is ment" is simply another name for a having a good effect upon the young mass movement to meet this situation. men of Japan. It is further said that If efforts are not made to meet this the palace guards, numbering about crisis the progress of the Gospel will 300 policemen and all the palace be delayed about fifty years. This is servants, are total abstainers. This the critical period of the history of must be inspiring to temperance evangelism in Japan. workers." Probably since the time of the Friendship Dolls in Japan Restoration during the Meiji Era there has been no period in Japanese THE children of America have done history of thought so critical as the much to plant seeds of good will in present, Mr. Kagawa thinks. But at the young of other countries. A letter the same moment the missions are from the headmaster of one of the withdrawing their forces. Though the large primary schools at Akazaki tells churches are independent they are how the dolls were received: lacking the power to stretch out to reach the mass. If the missions with- My DEAR AMERICAN GIRLS: draw their forces now there will re- main in Japan about 370 to 380 inde- I am a headmaster of a city primary pendent churches, and their situation school. There are some thousand chil- will be like that of Zoroastrianism in dren and twenty teachers in our schoo!. India, affecting only an area around Bombay. But if Japan could have Last spring, when the peach blossoms about one million Christians then were blooming, how happy we were to Japan would have an independent greet the long-waited-for messengers of Christian constituency.-The Chrispeace from your country. The arrival tian ObseTveT. of these lovely dolls, with blue eyes and curly hair, in Japan created great en- The Power of the Press thusiasm among our children, and a very warm welcome was given them. They AN INTERESTING work has been were distributed among the principal pri- .t. done for the past three years by mary schools and kindergartens all over Japan. Everywhere they were received Rev. W. H. M. Walton, an English with grateful hearts by millions of our missionary in Japan. He conceived children, and were made the objects of the idea of a kind of newspaper evanadmiration and interest wherever they gelism and has carried it out successwere taken. fully. .In thirty lines of advertising space, taken at frequent intervals in A Million Souls for Christ the daily newspapers, Mr. Walton and his helpers have presented the claims I T IS perhaps inevitable that ma- of Christianity and the Christian atti- terialistic ideas should invade tude toward current questions. These Japan, and in this the Christian Gos- brief articles have attracted wide atpel has to face a great hindrance, is tention, for in three years they have the view taken by Rev. Toyohiko elicited replies and applications for Kagawa. "Before this idea enters literature from 17,000. Japan," says Mr. Kagawa, "we must establish Christianity firmly in this The Christian, London, makes the country. It is better to sow seeds in following comment: good ground than in a thorny or a stony field. After materialistic Bol- "The work does not, of course, end shevism has acquired some foothold in with that. All possible efforts are Japan it will be very difficult to do made to link up the applicant with evangelistic work among laborers and some Christian body in his own area; peasants. Within a decade or so Japan may have more young men in-

while, if the district be an isolated one, such an arrangement of control in the a twenty-week,,' corre"pondence course New Hebrides as will "ecure settled is offered. This course provides a government, protection, and liberty foundation for further personal ac- for the natives, a settlement of the quaintance with Christianity. There land question; and to carry on with are also other means of religious en- untiring zeal and unceasing prayer lightenment available from the same the task of completing the evangelizasource, and the whole scheme must tion of these islands. be regarded as of great importance. The degree of literacy in Japan is very "It is not too late to save them, but high, even among the rural population, the task will require the united and and it is, therefore, obvious that persistent and self-sacrificing enter- "evangelization by print" is a ready prise of all the forces already engaged means of carrying the gospel to the in the work. millions who are at present not within reach of a Christian missionary "Need these peoples die out? The missionary says emphatically, No. church." And quite recently the scientist said, No. After seeing them in their home- ISLANDS OF THE SEA land and working for them in coopera- tion with the missionaries he set down The New Hebridies Need Help his judgment. It is this: that, given the supervision of the Christian mis- SINCE 1839 the New Hebrides sionary and given the proper attention islands have been on the heart and to the laws of sanitation and health, conscience of the Christian Church. there is no reason why the New In that year, on Erromanga, John Hebrides should not be repopulated by Williams and James Harris were mar- their own people in the course of a tyred by the Erromangans in revenge few generations." for outrages perpetrated by sandalwood traders. Hawaiian Centennial In 1858 John G. Paton went out THE Hawaiian Evangelical Assofrom Scotland and after four years of ciation has just celebrated the cenunimagined suffering had the joy of tennial anniversary of the arrival of seeing the gospel triumph over Hawaii's third company of missionheathen superstitions and cruelties. arie" in 1828 on the Parthian. Among In the seventy years that followed this company Rev. Jonathan S. Green however there came to the islands and his wife made a notable contribuwhite men who had not the interest tion to Hawaii. Mr. Green translated of the people at heart, and the gospel four books of the Bible into the has been engaged in what appears to Hawaiian language and became the be an unequal contest with forces pioneer wheat farmer on the island of which tend to destroy. The people Maui. During the first year of the seem to be slowly but surely dying American Missionary Association, out. A recent writer estimates that, 1846-47, the Executive Committee while the population of the group undertook cooperation with Mr. Green. amounted to 200,000 when the white His protest against slavery and any man first came in contact with them, organization which tolerated slavery it is now barely 80,000. Is it inevitable was so strong and so consistent that that the natives of the New Hebrides he refused, even in the heat of an die out? Is it a hopeless task to try Hawaiian summer, to wear cotton and save them? which had been raised by slave labor. The large crops of wheat and corn Rev. H. C. Matthew of Victoria, and potatoes which he raised on the Australia, in writing of conditions slopes of the extinct volcano, Haleathere, continues: "Here is a great kala, were eagerly sought by the challenge to the Christian Church to whalers who anchored in the harbor save a people – to claim from the British and the French Governments

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

on the south side of the island. Ap- made the means of furthering the propriations from the American Mia- Christian ideal of 'peace on earth, sionary Association never exceeded good will to men.'''

three hundred dollars a year, and that As to the plan itself for the new went for the employment of Hawaiian calendar he says: preachers, including help toward an "The more we investigate the mat- Hawaiian missionary sent by the ter of a fixed calendar, with an equal Hawaiian Christians to the Marquesas number of equal months, each exactly Islands.-The Congregationalist. divisible into an equal number of weeks, the more reasonable it seems.

MISCELLANEOUS In the business world questions of World-Wide Y. W. C. A. Work paying labor, interest, accounting, dividends, and statistics would be AT A meeting of a "Fellowship amazingly simplified, as has already been proved by large concerns which ft Forum" of the National Board of have adopted the plan in principle. Ecclesiastically, the advantages of dothe Y. W. C. A. in New York on Oc- ing away with movable feasts, domintober 1st, reports were given and ical letters, tables of precedence, and plans were made relative to the work the like, are obvious, and the resulting in aU lands. Mrs. Bessie Cotton, a simplification of the Church year foreign executive, who has recently would put an end to much of the convisited Russia, said: fusion on this subject in the lay mind." -Evangelical-Messenger. "I visited s'everal factories where modernization has so far progressed that they provide nurseries for women workers with small children. But in general, conditions among the indus- OBITUARY trial population of Russia are better than among the peasants. The great REV. ABRAHAM P. KRIEL, the founder problem of the Government is to get and director of the Langlaagte Orphanthe peasants to use modern machinery. age, South Africa, died on June 9th at As for the young people of the land, Clansthal. Mr. Kriel was born in French there is a new attitude springing up Hoek, March 1, 1850, and was connected which is of a definitely modern trend." with the Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa. At its last meeting at Budapest in July the World's Committee decided *** to move its headquarters from London to Geneva, since most international EUGENE STOCK, D.C.L., for more than negotiations are carried on through thirty years Secretary of the Church that centre. Missionary Society of England and the author of a history of that society and The New Calendar other volumes, died at his home in Bournemouth, England, on September7th. T HE Living Church, in supporting He was ninety-two years of age and died the movement for a new calendar, as a result of an accident when he was whereby we would have thirteen struck by a motor bus. Dr. Stock was in months of twenty-eight days each, business until he was forty years of age proposes that the extra day, the 365th, when he was appointed Secretary of the be designated "World Peace Day," in- C. M. S. from which position he retired stead of Year Day" as suggested in in 1906. During his tenure of office the Cotsworth's plan. Says the editor: number of missionaries supported by the "Let it be celebrated annually in all society increased from 230 to 1,385. civilized nations by appropriate demonstrations of international friendship *** and good will. Perhaps in this way the reformed calendar may, in addi- MISS I. LILIAS TROTTER, the leader of tion to its purely utilitarian values, be the Algiers Mission Band, who went out to North Africa from London in 1886, fell asleep in Christ in Algiers, last Sep- tember. She was a much loved and devoted Christian missionary, being pro- ficient in the use of both French and Arabic. She was widely known through her remarkable Story-Parables and other Christian booklets for Moslems which were distributed in many lands.

OOI(S WORTH

Any book8 mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Friends of Africa. By Jean K. Macken- Black Treasure. Basil Mathews. 114 pp. zie, Mrs. Donald Fraser, M. D., Mrs. 75c cloth, 50c paper. New York. 1928. Frederick B. Bridgman and J. H. Old- ham. Miss Mackenzie, Editor. Illus., Africa is a treasure house upon map, pp. 250. Cambridge, Mass. 1928. which the world has been drawing in very large measure, for its diamonds, These four devoted friends and gold, ivory, cotton, rubber, cocoa. For years the chief export was Africans. workers for Africa have produced a The author pictures the inhuman cruelties of the slave trade and tells volume which, supplemented by Don- how David Livingstone, Sir John Kirk, ald Fraser's "The New Africa" and Edwin Smith's "The Golden Stool,"

constitute the latest and most inter- esting set of books of recent years- John and Frederick Moir, helped to all worthy books. overthrow it. He tells too of Africa's Mr. Oldham supplies the basic theme emergence into a new era, through the introduction of industrial civilization in a comprehensive view of the Con- which is profoundly affecting old tribal tinent which has been divided into six organization, sanctions and customs. parts, as forewords to the chapters. New problems have arisen and the Miss Mackenzie adds a literary and conflict is on between those who, in heart-moving charm, characteristic of the spirit of the former slave raiders, all her writings. In chapter III Mrs. would exploit the African and those Donald Fraser inserts a fascinating who by just dealing and kindly aid , account of her project method of teach- would benefit him and help him realize ing ignorant African women the rudi- the potential that is in him. Illustra- ments of medicine and hygiene. Her tions are given of what has been done celluloid doll, Tobias, is the leading by Fred Bridgman in Johannesburg, actor in the play and acts in varied South Africa, to better the industrial female parts to the amusement of all and social conditions, and by Alex- her readers and the enlightenment of ander Fraser in the Industrial School her African women friends. Mrs. at Achimota, West Africa, to train Bridgman deals with aspects of mis- youth in useful trades and to develop sions in the great industrial center of Christian character. In Uganda, East Johannesburg, with its mining prob- Central Africa, a kingdom has been lems and its laboratory of social amel- ioration. transformed from savagery to civiliza- As the volume confines its illustra- tion by Christianity. The present king tions of work and people to those seen rides in a Rolls-Royce, but this is less in American Missions, the volume significant than the organization of a loses the miracles of Livingstonia (ex- welfare association by the young men cept in Mrs. Fraser's chapter), the na- of the kingdom to fight intemperance, tion-making work of the English to promote the social and economic Church in Uganda, and the wonderful betterment of all, to work at all times story of the British Wesleyans around' for the good of the community and to the Gulf of Guinea. aim for the highest and best as taught H. P. BEACH. by religion.

942 One of the most interesting chapters affecting missions in their relations presents the story of Chief Khama of to the general work, to society, and the Bamangwato tribe, in truth a king to Government. Ray Phillips' "Social of men. He lived to the ripe age of Work in South Africa," Dr. Taylor's ninety-three and was an ardent pro- "Vernacular Literature in South Afhibitionist who drove from his king- rica," and Mrs. Jabavu's "Bantu Home dom those who sought to debauch his Life," are perhaps the most notable people by intoxicating liquor. He is of these articles. said to be "the earliest prohibition ruler in the world." Another African The Second Section contains surveys of royal blood, whose life story is a romance, was Kwegyir Aggrey. He of 44 societies laboring in the Sub-concame of a race of warriors and was heir on his mother's side to five tinent. Nine sending countries are thrones. Born on the Gold Coast in 1872, he went to a mission school as responsible for these societies. Amera lad. He early became a true Christian and at twenty-one he went to ica having 14, and Scandinavia and America for further education, received degrees from Livingstone Col- South Africa 9 each; while England lege and from Teachers' College, Columbia University. At the time of his is credited with only four-a number death in 1927 he was associated with which does not represent the very Alexander Fraser in the industrial large work done by British workers, school at Achimota, where it was hoped especially the Wesleyans. The Roman these two men would long labor to- Catholics were willing but unable to gether, one white and one black, for supply statistics-a failure for which the uplift of the African.· Dr. Warneck long ago criticised them. The communicant membership re- One who reads this volume is con- ported is 497,542, though the Anglivinced with Basil Mathews that the cans and Catholics, and other smaller the African is Africa's greatest "black bodies do not report. (The Census of treasure." 1921 gave the Anglicans 289,573 and the Catholics 63,179.) Statistics and GEORGE H. TRULL. estimates make it probable that the churches gave £213,000 for benevo- Christianity and the Natives of South Af- lent and current expenses besides rica. A Year-book of South African gifts for education. Government and Missions. Rev. J. Dexter Taylor, D.D., missionary figures show that 215,307 compiler and editor. pp. xii, 503. children are at school out of 939,563 Lovedale: Institution Press. of school age. No figures are given for the Christian Associations, school Suggested by the General Mission- center and joint council committees, ary Conference of South Africa in which are a relatively new but very 1912, and finally decided upon in 1925, important factor in the higher life of three strenuous years have been ex- Africa. The total Christian commupended in bringing together in ex- nity of Native Africans as given by cellent typographical form this first the census is 1,605,356, and the editor important African Year Book, equal- estimates that the communicants numling if not surpassing its predecessors ber about 16 per cent of the native in China, Japan and India. Practical- population. The pioneer societies, ly all societies south of the Zambesi -the London Mission and their predeand Cunene rivers are here reported cessors, the Moravians,-might have upon, though the many Separatist been reported more fully, but little Churches of dissident Africans are space is given to any society. The dealt with in one brief chapter. Twen- American public would have liked a ty-one authors supply 22 special ar- longer report also of our pioneer soticles upon a variety of subjects ciety, the American Board, and of the large work of the American Negroes under the African Methodist Episco- pal Church and in the Separatist

Churches which sprang largely from also a complete index to the Scripture an American root. Fuller reports of quotations, which makes it possible Lovedale and Tiger Kloof Institutions for one to find any passage in which would have interested us. he may be interested, and see it in comparison with everything else per- The reviewer would commend the taining to the life of St. Paul. An action of the General Missionary Con- index of the places visited by Paul ference in deciding upon the issuance makes it possible to approach the story of a year book on the triennial years of Paul's life from the geographical when the conference meets, rather angle and the index of persons conthan yearly. Though it might thus nected with Paul's life which makes prevent the publication of the proceed- another approach possible. ings of the conference itself. This third edition was printed on H. P. BEACH. the urgent request of Bible teachers Six Miracles of Calvary. Wm. R. Nichol- son. 80 pp. 40 cents. Chicago. 1928. who desired to have their students This is one of the most valuable possess this invaluable compilation of contributions to the literature concerning Calvary that we have seen. Bishop information concerning the Apostle Nicholson has dealt with the following outstanding features of the story of Paul. M. T. S. the crucifixion: The Miraculous Darkness; The Rending of the Veil; The The English in English Bibles. J. F. Miraculous Earthquake; The Miracle Sheahan. 143 pp. Cloth, $1.25. of the Open Graves; The Undisturbed paper, 75 cents. Poughkeepsie. 1928. Grave Clothes of Jesus, and Revivals to Life in the Calvary Graveyard. In- Fourteen chapters of the Gospel acto each of these chapters, he has inter- cording to Matthew are so printed jected the deepest spiritual teaching, that three versions are easily comand so told the remarkable story that pared. The Rhemes of 1582; Th& the death of our Saviour takes upon Authorized or King James Version itself a rich spiritual meaning for the of 1611 and the Revised Version of reader. Many technical questions 1881 are printed by interlinear concerning the Crucifixion are dealt method, so that the exact wording can with and explained in a reverent way. easily be compared. The purpose of the book is to make a comparison of M. T. S. the exact words used in these three translations. It also has a good many A Harmony of the Life of St. Paul. Frank notes on different subjects of interest J. Goodwin. 240 pp. $1.50. New to scholars, who are making a tech- nical study of translations of the York. 1928. Bible. The book would not be of any value to the ordinary Bible student. This should be in the library of The burden of the author's work is a. every minister, Sunday-school teacher defense of the Catholic Version. and Bible student. The references to Paul's life and work as narrated in M. T. S. the Acts of the Apostles are printed in one column and the passages which Windows of Asia. A. P. Richardson. pp. refer to the same events in St. Paul's vii, 206 Illus. $;;. Epistles are placed in other columns alongside of the historical references The diary of a tourist who has seen· from the Acts. There are explana- the usual sights met by the averagetory notes giving valuable information round-the-world traveler. He deon the same pages with the Scripture scribes these in excellent English and quotations, so that the student can see with a kind of acrid humor which at a glance all that pertains to the tends to be supercilious toward theincident under discussion. There is lands and peoples he has visited. He has almost nothing to say of missions, but his brief notices are favorable.

K. S. L.

The Missionary Review of the World — August 1927

OPEN-AIR SCHOOL, HELD WHEN ITINERATING IN THE

The NEW SOUL IN CHINA By Bishop George Richmond Grose Reside"t at Peki"g "HERE is a small book with a big message from a mIssIonary 1 statesman.' Bishop Grose's stirring statements founded on years of experience and observation will be read by thous~nds with great profit. His fine understanding of the pres~nt situation in China will do much to clear up misconceptions."

-International "Journal ~l Religious Education.

Price, net, $1.00, postpaid AT THE BETTER BOOKSHOPS THE ABINGDON PRESS New York CinoinnB:i Chicago Boston Detroit Pittsburgh Kansas City Sao Francisco PortJand. Ore.

If You Could Be a Rip Van Winkle! AN INCOME To You If you could go to sleep and wake up fifty years FOR LIFE hence. what changes would you sec? This may not be a possibJe experiell('e, but you can see from your gift to Foreign Missions the changes that 'have taken place in the past half century. They are most interesting and By the Annuity Plan instructive and will be reported in The Board of Foreign Missions THE MrSsrONARY will pay you ~~WORLD 4Y.a% to 9% per year which was founded fifty years ago. on gifts of $100 or more.

America in 1877 and 1927 For detailed information write to Rev. lIenry K. CarNll, LL.D. ERNEST F. HALL, Secretary Department of Annuities Home Mission Enterprises-Then and Now The Board of Foreign Missions Rev. Charles L. 'Vhite. D.O. of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. What Christians Were Reading 50 Years Ago 156 Fifth Avenue Prof. John C. Archer New York China-Fifty Years Ago and Today Rev. Arthur H. Smith, D.D.

Japan in 1877 and Now Rev. Villiam Elliot Griffis, D.D.

What We Have Learned in Cooperation Rev. James L. Barton Has the Missionary Appeal Changed?

Rev. Stephen J. Corey Also Articles on changes in India, Africa, Moslem Lands, Latin America, etc.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to adVertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Eelitor CONTENTS FOR AUGUST, 1927 Page FRONTISPIE(''E-OHRJSTIA.NS ENLIGHTENING DARKENED UNDERSTANDINGS THE ESSENTIAL CHARACTER OF T'HE CHRISTIAN MESSAGE ……… . • • . . . . . • • . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . • . • • . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dOHN McDoWELL 565 A clear statement of the author's conception of the es.•"ntial ohara"ter of the Christian message according to the New Testament.

INTEREST IN FOREIGN MISSIONS ………. HELEN BAR.RETT MONTGOME1W 57U A setting forth of reasons why some Christians are not interested in missions, with some interesting figures on the per capita giving of church members in the United States to the foreign mission enterprise.

]'IFTY YEiARS OF FRUITFUL SERVlCE ………….. MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD 573 An interooting account of what the Woman's Amerioon Baptist Home Mission Somety haB aooomplished since its founding.

A CHINESE MESSAGE TO MISSIONARIES ………………………… . 58t CHINESE CHRISTIANS IN T'HE PRESENT CRISIS ………………….•. 584 Rec{}1lt reports from China containing striking evidences of the loyalty and de· V'Otion of the Chinese to their Christian faith.

THE CRISIS IN THE CHINESE CIDJROH …………………………… . 589 Extracts from an address to missionaries in Siw,nghai made by T. Z. Koo, lead· ing memblllr of the National Christian Council of China.

INTIMATE GLIMPSES OF A WEST VIRGINIA SCHOOL-II ……………… . … … .. . . .. …. . . .. ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A.NNA BELLE STEWART 591 FRANCIS E. CLARK-A WORLD·WIDE CHRISTIAN . . . . . . . . R. P. ANDERSON 590 The story of the founder of the Christian Endeavor movement as told by the EiUtorial Secretary of the Society.

WHY A BRAHMAN BECAME A CHRISTIAN ……. 'lEE LATE d. C.·R. EWING 599 A brief record of the life and work of Dr. Kali Charan Chatterjee, tor forty· eight years a Christian missionary atlWng his own people in the Punjab, WHY IT IS DIFFICULT TO LEAD MOSLEMS TO CHRIST-II .. E. M. WHERRY 6(}3 WHY ONE SOHOOL CLOSED IN OHINA ………… THE AMERICAN TEACHER 606 A CHINESE REICOMMENDATION AS TO MISSIONS ……..•……•…… 609 THE EVACUATION OF SZECHUAN PROVINCE ………. GEORGE W. SPARLING 611 WHAT PIONEER WORK IS LIKE IN CHINA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MARJE PARK: 612 MISSIONARY HISTO!ty TEST FOR AUGUST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BELLE M. BRAIN 615 WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLJ<;TIN .. EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN A.ND FLORENCE E. QUINLAN ………………………………….. . 616 WORLD DAY OF l"RAYER FOR MISSIONS.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ……………………………………… . 624 THE MISSIONARY LIBRAR.Y ……………. . 639 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly.. Copyrighted, 1927, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INc. All rights reserved.

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Robert E. Speer, President Wm. I. Chamberlain. Vice-President Delavan L. Pierson, Secretary Walter McDougall. Treasurer Publication Office. 3d & Reily Sts.. Harrisburg, Editorial and Business Omce. 156 l"ltth Avenue. Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 .. year. New York City Entered as second-class ma.tter at the Post OMce, Harrisburg, Pa.• under Act or March 3. 1879. (A Fixed Income for Life Protect Your Own Future, Yet Help Christ's Cause Let us tell you how Bible Annuity Bonds provide for your own material needs and also serve mankind. They pay cash dividends during the lifetime of one or two persons- and spiritual dividends forever! For they make possible the great work of carrying the Word to those who need it most.

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New York Bible Society Dept.34 5 East 48th Street New York City PERSONALS Francis E. Clark REV. WM_ R. KING, D .D., secretary of th" FRANCIs E. CiLAIl>K was born at Aylmer, DiVision of Promotion of the Presbyterian Board of National Missions, has been elected Quebeq, on September 12, 1851. He was executive secretary of the Home Missions the chPd of American parents. His father Council. Rev. Robert S. Donaldson, D.D., was Charles Carey Symmes, of Winchester, of San Francisco, succeeds him in the MasS;'; '~nd his mother Lydia Fletcher Olark. Presbyterian Boar~. lIe wali, orphaned at the age of eight and REV. RoBERT A. HUME, D.D., missionary went to live in Auburndale. Mass.• with his of the Americau Board in its MaraUd Mis- maternal uncle, Rev. Edward Warren Clark, sion in India from 1874 to 192'6, is attending and adopted his foster father's n..me_ On the World Conference on Faith and Order his father's side he was descended from Rev. in Lausanne. Zechariah Symmes, who Was driven out of ** England under the persecution of Arch- bishop Laud. His mother came of old Puri- REV. R. A. TORREY, D .D., after an absence tan stock, Francis E. Clark was educated at a small academy at Claremont, N. H_, of nearly twenty-five years, has rejoined the then in famous old Kimball Unlon Academy, faculty of the Moody Bible Institute in and at Dartmouth College. He received his theOlogical education at Andover Theological Chicago. 'Seminary. On February, 1881, Dr. Clark, then pastor of Williston Congregational ** Church, Portland. Me., organized the first SADRU SUNDAR S1NGH, who started out in Christian Endeavor Society with abont fifty the spring for a three months' preaching tour in Tibet, was obliged by illness to re- members. N eWB of this society and its aims turn to his quiet retreat in Sabathu. spread abroad, and other pastors tried the same methods. Thus the Christian Endeavor •** movement was born. At the Christian En- deavor Convention at Portland, Oregon, in REV. DAVID R. GORDON, of the United July, 1'925, Dr. Clark resigned the presidency of the United Society of Cllristian Endeavor, Presbyterian Mission at Gurdaspur in the and wa.s elected President Emeritus. Punjab, India, has received the Kaiser-i- Hind gold medal. Note the crowd of pagan ohUdren standing, watching in wonderment at Borne of their own tribe reading (1926)-Swran United Mission-Rev. T. L . SuffHl.

A NATIVE CHRISTIAN TEACHING THE BOOKS OF THE BIBLE TO OTHER SOUTH SEA ISLANDERS CHRISTIA.NS ENLIGHTENING DARKENED U NDEBSTANDlNGS

AUGUST, 1927

L EIGHT The Essential Character of the Christian Message BY THE REV. JOHN McDOWELL, D.D., NEW YORK O UR conception of the essential character of the Christian mes- sage depends on our authority, and hence we hasten to state that from our point of view .Jesus Ohrist is the final authority on all matters pertaining to the Christian religion and the New Testament is the only authentic record of the facts and truths of the Ohristian message.

What, then, is the essential character of the Christian message according to the teachings of the New TestamenU By essential we mean that without which the message is not Christian. Fortunately for us the New Testament is not silent or indefinite on this vital question. It is clear and positivl:l and consistent in its teaching. The writers of the New Testament insist that the Christian message is not a mere discovery of a few devout seekers of truth, or a brilliant invention of a gifted young Jew of Nazareth, who in a moment of spiritual exaltation dared to think of God as his father and man as his brother and died a martry's death in loyalty to these convictions.

Nor is the Christian message an induction reached by the careful study of reverend and profound minds, gathering a truth here and a truth there from the religious ideas of Egypt and India, Greece and Rome.

The New Testament asserts the reverse of all these and affirms clearly and constantly that the Christian message in its essential character is a distinct and definite revelation. In a word, it is a message from God Himself, making known to men that which they can absolutely depend upon but which they could never find out by their own natural and unaided faculties.

5&5

Of course, it is true that every religion purports to be a revelation. Both the Old Testament and the New Testament remind us that" God has not left Himself without a witness. " When, therefore, we say that the Christian message is a revelation, we are not making a statement unreasonable in itself, or making a claim for the Christian message that is peculiar to it. But the New Testament does not stop here. It goes further and insists that the Christian message in its essential character is a distinct revelation of God in and through a person and that person. is Jesus Christ, the Son of God, the Son of man, and the Savio~~r of the world.

This is the essence of the Christian message and constitutes its essential character. Was not this what Christ Himself meant when he said: "I thank Thee, 0 Father, Lord of heaven and earth, that Thou hast hid these things from the wise and prudent and revealed them unto babes" (Matt. 11:25)7 And was not this what Paul meant when he wrote in his letter to the Ephesians these words: "Whereby when ye read ye may understand my knowledge, in the mystery of Christ, which in other ages was not made known unto the sons of men; as it is now revealed unto his holy apostles and prophets by the Spirit; that the Gentiles should be fellowheirs, and of the same body, and partakers of His promise in Christ by the gospel" (Eph. 3: 4-5)? Such passages as these and many others that might be quoted make it clear that the Christian message is not only a revelation in the general sense of this term, but that in its essential character it is a special, distinct and definite revelation.

It is not enough to say that the Christian message is a revelation as some are doing today and thereby classifying it as on a par with the so-called revelations of other religions. Loyalty to the New Testament makes it necessary to go further and to maintain that the Christian message in its essential character is a direct piece of supernatural information concerning God and His relations to man revealed in Jesus Christ.

No one who knows the New Testament message will doubt for a moment that it is rooted and grounded in a Revealer, and that Re- vealer is Jesus Christ. Apart from Christ, the Christian message has no distinct light, no distinct life, no distinct foundation, no distinct power, no distinct love. Eliminate Christ from the Christian message and its essential character disappears. Its words are empty and its vitality and reality vanish. In these days when there is a serious and sustained attempt to remove Christ from the Christian message, when we are being told that "God's relation to us would be simple enough if Jesus Christ had kept out," we need to tUTn back again to the only authentic record we have of the Christianity of Christ and there learn that the Christian message when true to its essential character is not a discovery or an invention, not an induction, but is a clear

J927] ESSENTIAL CHARACTER OF CHRISTIAN MESSAGE 5ti7

and definite self-revelation of God in and through Jesus Christ. This makes the Christian message more than a system of ethics, though it has revolutionized ethics; more than a method of worship, though it has furnished a new interpretation of worship and given it a new character; more than a philosophy of life, though it has given a new interpretation. In its final terms the Christian message is a revelation of a new life fo'unded on certain historic facts, namely, "That Christ died for our sins, according to the scriptures; and that he was buried and that he rose again the third day, according to the scriptures." (1 Cor. 15: 3-4.) Take these facts away and you rob the Christian message of its essential character; you make it merely a message of "good advice" rather than a message of "good news" to a sinful, sorrowing, suffering world.

Granted that the Christian message in its essential character is a definite and distinct revelation, we ask "Why do we believe it to be so?" We answer: FIRST: Because it gives 1(S the highest known conception of God. The idea of God always determines the character of religion, and nations are always like the God they worship. The ethical andmoral life of a people rises out of their conception of God. To the Jew God was a judge, to the Greek God was a teacher, to the Roman, God was a ruler. To those who receive and believe the Christian message God is the Father, who is everlasting in His love. God in the New Testament message is first and foremost a Father, then a Sovereign, anxious to assert His authority, not for the sake of the law, but to save His children. God, the Father in the Christian message, loves man in spite of his sin, in the midst of his guilt, loves that He may save and even should He fail in saving He does not cease to love. This conception of God is not found in any other religion and it is our first reason for believing that the Christian message in its essential character is a distinct and definite revelation unknown to all other religions. It is true that there are seven references to the thought of God as a Father in the Old Testament, but in five of these passages He is represented as the Father of the nation, while in the Christian message, as revealed in the New Testament, God is called Father about two hundred times. A little blind girl, on being told that the Being she worshipped was called Father, said: "I did not know his name, but I knew Him." The Christian message reveals to men not only the name of God, but the nature of God, which is love, and the character of God, which is perfect. If the Christian message had given the world nothing but this one conception, it would be entitled to be regarded as a special revelation to mankind.

SECOND: Because it places the greatest valuation on man. The extraordinary elevation of the idea of God in the Christian message does not stand alone. It affects every region of thought, feeling and relationship. The first thing it touches and ennobles is the worth

of man. Man must rightly conceive himself in order to respect himself and his progress may best be measured by his successive ideas of his own nature. Man in the Christian message is primarily spirit, for God is spirit. He is more than a body, more than a mind, more than a conscience, more than a will; he is a soul and Jesus Christ set such a high value on man's soul that He died for it.

This is the essence of the Christian message and our second reason for believing that it is a distinct revelation. No other religious message tells of a God who died for man. No other religious message has a Calvary in it.

THIRD: Because it offers the only solution of the world's three unsolved problems, namely, the problem of sin, the problem of suf- fering, and the problem of sorrow. To each of these problems the Christian message gives a definite and satisfying answer. Its answer to the problem of sin is "forgiveness through Jesus Christ"; its answer to the problem of suffering is that suffering is discipline for the sake of character; and its answer to the problem of sorrow is the assurance of the Divine Comforter. By satisfying the three passionate desires of the human soul, namely, the desire of pardon for the past, power for the present and peace for the future, the Christian message proves beyond a doubt that it is a distinct and special revelation. No other religion has offered the world a solution for these problems. In no other religious message do we find such words as these: "Be of good cheer, thy sins be forgiven thee"; "Thy faith hath made thee whole"; "Lo, I am with you always, even unto the end of the world."

FOURTH: Because it makes known to men the best uses of life. Life in the Christian message is not an end in itself: it is a means to an end and that end is the glory of God through saving and serv- ing men. Sacrifice and service are the keynotes of the Christian message. The servants of the world are its real sovereigns today. The Christian message teaches men that the best use of life is found, not in self-indulgence, or in self-culture, or in self-aggrandizement, but in self-sacrifice. No other religion tells men that "He that loveth his life shall lose it; and he that hateth his life in this world shall keep it unto life eternal. If any man serve me, let him follow me; and where I am, there shall also my servant be; if any man serve me, him will my Father honor." (John 12: 25-26.) FIFTH: Because it provides men with a comforting and satisfying view of death and the hereafter. Death, according to the Christian message, is not defeat, it is victory; it is not loss, it is gain; it is not a curse, it is a blessing; it is not going from this world with its home of love into a homeless world without love; it is not going from the presence of a loved father here into a world that is fatherless. According to the Christian message, death is going to be forever with those who have loved the Father and have gone on before. One seeks

J927J ESSENTIAL CHARACTER OF CHRISTIAN MESSAGE

in vain to find in any other religious message such comforting words as these: "Let not your heart be troubled: ye believe in God, believe also in me. In my Father's house are many mansions: if it were not so, I would have told you. I go to prepare a place for you. And if I go and prepare a place for you, I will come again, and receive you unto myself; that where I am, there ye may be also." (John 14: 1-3.) "Draw a line," says Bruce Barton, "through human history at the time of the birth of Christ and compare the last words of men who died before that date with the words of those who passed on afterward. The contrast is illuminating. Before He came, men went shuddering into oblivion. After Him, the great souls of the world passed through the gate as conquerors, merely changing their armor in preparation for a more glorious crusade.

"Sir Henry Havelock, approaching his last hour, called his son to the bedside. 'Come, my son,' he cried, 'and see how a Christian can die.'

"The object of Christianity is to teach men better how to live; but it would have justified itself a thousandfold had it done nothing except to teach men how worthily to die: not as victims, not as players in a game where all must finally lose, not as angels, but as men-faithful, self-confident and unafraid."

In the last analysis the Christian message is a revelation in Christ of the God of salvation and the salvation of God. Face the facts of life and the Christian message assumes a momentous significance for the individual and for the world. When true to its essential character it reveals to men not only God as their Father, but Jesus Christ as their Saviour, and the Holy Spirit as their Comforter. If the Christian message is to retain its revealing, saving and enabling power in our day, it must hold fast to the great historic facts of the birth, life, ministry, passion, death, resurrection and ascension of Jesus Christ essentially as they are now narrated in the New Testament, and also to the great spiritual fact that in the God, whom Christ has revealed to us, there is abundant forgiveness for all the past and abundant life for all the future. 'Anything less than this is not true to the essential character of the Christian message as given to us in the New Testament.

* * '" '"

"The more I see of America, and the World, the more convinced I am that the Home Missionary holds the key to the situation. "-Francis E. Clark.

in Foreign

BY HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERJY, ROCHESTER, NEW YORK Author of "Prayer and Missions," etc.

W ELL are some Christians not interested? The growth of contributions to Foreign Missions from five to forty millions in one generation might seem to indicate that many Christians are interested, and that the number of such Christians is growing.

Yet as one studies the local church one is forced to admit that the giving to Foreign M.issions in the average church is confined to about twenty-five per cent of the members, and that even that fraction does not for the most part make sacrificial gifts. If we based the per capita giving upon the church membership of the United States and Canada, it would seem that we give annually about one dollar and a quarter per member. But even this estimate is fallacious, for it does not take into account the large amount of the gross income of Foreign Mission Boards received through legacies and annuity funds. If we estimate upon the twenty-five per cent of the members giving, we have the noble figure of about six dollars a year-fifty cents a month or about twelve cents a week. This represents the equivalent of one cigar, one cheap ice cream soda, one weekly or cheap monthly magazine, one half of one movie entrance fee, or two street car rides. Surely this is not an impressive sacrifice for something in which Christians are presumably deeply interested.

Then why are Christians not interested in Foreign Missions 7 There are many reasons, some petty, some grave.

First, some Christians are affected by hostile propaganda picked up in steamships and hotels throughout the Orient. Many thoughtless tourists repeat random remarks and chance impressions on their return home, and their report is taken as truth by many uninformed Christians. The reasons for this generally hostile attitude of the foreign community in Oriental lands toward Foreign Missions are not hard to find. Many are engaged in exploiting the natives, and the presence of the missionaries is a hindrance to their schemes; many of them are ignorant of the real facts; though they may have lived years in the same city with missionaries, they have never spent one hour studying the missionary work which they presume to criticize. Many others reflect the imperialistic and hostile attit!lde of their governments that are frankly not in the Orient for any altruistic motive. Some hate the missionaries because their loyal lives are a reproach to the easy and low standards of the lives of many in the foreign communities.

Second, many Christians are ignorant of the commands and 570

INTEREST IN FOREIGN MISSIONS o7l

obligations of their Ohristian faith. They are loyal so far as they go, but they do not go far. Ohristianity is to them simply a resource of good and helpful emotions. They have never faced the last, the supreme command of the Ohrist whose servants they profess to be – " Go ye into all the world and preach the Gospel to every creature. " They have never studied the story of the Ohristian Ohurch which is simply the account of the outreach of fresh waves of missionary impulse taking control of land after land. They have never had it brought home to them that missions is not an "elective course" to be taken by a few; but a "required subject," the concern of all who matriculate in the School of Ohrist.

All that such Ohristians need to transform them from missionary liabilities to missionary assets is instruction and education of both head and heart.

Third, some Ohristians lack imagination, and without imagination the long flights of Ohristian faith, unaided, are impossible. The ability to enter into the experience of alien races, to conceive what it would be to live in a world without Ohrist, to carryon life in an environment untouched by the New Testament, to go through the experiences of childhood, marriage, fatherhood, motherhood, with no Ohristian Ohurch to minister to their needs; to be in and of a country where" there ain't no ten commandments," no settled justice, no modern medicine, no libraries, no free education, none of the institutions that have developed because of Ohristianity-there are many who are simply lacking the sensitive imagination needed really to grasp such situations.

Of course, they are not interested in Foreign Missions. They jog along their days of conventional religious life, absolutely unstirred by the divinest, altruistic enterprise of the centuries. They always will, unless some one helps these less gifted folk, rouses their sluggish imagination, awakens their altruism, summons their dormant heroism. Stories, biographies, dramas, moving-pictures, real experiences of real men and women are some of the spiritual tonics that such Ohristians need.

Fourth,. there are some who are held in the tenets of a false theology: the theology of those who do not believe that Ohristianity has any vital message for the world; the theology of those who hold that there is nothing very much the matter with mankind; the theology of those who hold that one religion is about as good as another; and the theology of the few who believe that to make any attempt to reach and save the non-Ohristian world is to interfere with the sovereignty of God. "Young men, when the Almighty gets ready to save the heathen, He will do it without your aid or mine" said one of this hard persuasion over a century ago.

Such Ohristians need to have the great challenge of a great Englishman brought home to them; need to realize that they must

either give up their Christianity or accept Christ's teaching with aU its implications: "I am asked," he said, "if I believe in foreign missions. Ireply, do you believe in the Gospel? For be sure of this, if Christ has no message for the men in Shanghai that it is worth giving my life, if necessary, to get to them, then He has no message for the man in London that I need bother about. He is either Saviour of the whole world, or He is no man's Saviour."

Fifth, there is a great multitude of Christians in whom the cares of this world and the deceitfulness of riches have choked the good seed of the Word so that it becomes unfruitful. In a life brim full of dress and amusement, of travel and business, of personal interests and lu..mry, there is no room for Foreign Missions to take root and grow. How many distractions there are claiming our attention-many of them good, but all at war with the supreme good. Our social" duties," a round of functions and teas and dinners, our clubs, our bridge parties, our tennis, golf, skating, dancing, our beauty parlors-their name is legion. Is it not time to call a halt, rearrange 'our schedule, give first things the first place in our time, our interest, our contributions of money and of service'

And last, there are those who are members of the Christian Church, but not members of Christ. They have never known the joy of forgiven sin, never turned their backs on self, never yielded the sovereignty of their lives to the Master, Christ. They have never risen with Him to walk in newness of life.

There is nothing to appeal to with this class in their present state. They do not respond to any Christian motive because they are not Christians. They are not interested in Christian missions because, primarily, they are not interested in Christ. Of them, Christ must say, "Depart from Me. I never knew you."

The only way to reach such is to pray for them until they are made new creations in Christ. One of the first manifestations of the new life will be a new interest in things which before they despised.

We have considered among Christians not interested in Foreign Missions, the misinformed Christian, the untaught Cliristian, the stolid, unimaginative Christian, the warped Christian, the worldly Christian, and the unconverted, formal Christian. There are, doubtless, many more types to be included in the class of the uninterested; but these are certainly some of the causes of uninterested Christians. Uninterested Christians! uninterested in the cause that is dearest to their Lord! Uninterested in the greatest international enterprise of our day! Uninterested in the progress of the Kingdom of God.

KINDERGARTEN, FRESNO

Fifty Years of Fruitful Service BY MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD, BROOKLYN, NEW YORK What the Woman's American Baptist Home Mission Society Has Accomplished .n.AS" A TREE planted by the rivers of water" is .the Woman's American Baptist Home Mission Society, wh.i.ch this year celebrates its golden anniversary. This society continues the work of four groups of women organized for a common purpose, tjuaintly expressed by one of them, in New England, as "the evangelization of the women among the freed people, the Indians, the heathen immigrants and the new settlements of the West." Michigan women formed the first of these in April, 1873, in the Women's Baptist Home Mission Society of Michigan. In J uhe of tbe same year the Free Baptist Woman's Missionary Society' was organized for the promotion of both Home and Foreign Missions. On February 1, 1877, several hundred women from the northern states organized the Women's Baptist Home Mission Society with head- C]uarters in Chicago.. New England women effected the organization of the Woman's American Baptist Home Mission Society in November, 1877, with headqnarters in Boston. For thirty years these groups maintained a separate existence. The Chicago society emphasized evangelization, while the New England society stressed education. In 1909 a union was effected under the name of the New England Society with headquarters in Chicago, where it remained until 1920 when it removed to New York upon the opening of the offices there of the Northern Baptist Convention.

573

G74 THE l.HSSIONARY R,EVHJW OF THE WORJ..D

Work Among the Negroes-The society had the honor of pre- senting its first missionaFY commission to Joanna P. Moore. She was a veteran in 1877, having gone to the contraband camp of 1,100 Negro women and children on Island No. 10, in the Mississippi, in 1863, authorized by an appointment from the Federal Government which assured shelter and soldier's rations, a commission of the American Baptist Home Mission Society (without pay) and a "salary" of four dollars a month from her Sunday-school class in Belvidere, Illinois. Her appoint- ment by the 'Woman's Societyas- sured regular support and was shortly followed by rapidly in- creasing reenforcements.

The methods were simple but varied. Children were gathered into industrial schools and taught how to apply their hands to use- ful arts. Sometimes the elements of "The Three R's" were taught.

Always the evil effects of alcohol were shown. Mothers' meetings gave opportunity for instruction in the cutting and fashioning of garments, in various domestic arts, and in the care and feeding of children, as well as in Bible MRS. GEORGCE W. COLEMAN study.

President, Woman's American Baptist Home Fireside Schools.-From her Mission SOCiety experience with the needs of the homes, Miss Moore evolved the idea of the" Fireside School," which is a glorification of the family altar, where parents and children meet for systematic Bible study and helpful courses of reading. The outline for this family study she supplied in her magazine Hope which since its first .appearance in 1885 has grown from an edition of 500 to a monthly circulation of over 35,000 and reaches probably four times as many readers.

Missionary Training School.-By 1881 "the necessity of a special training for those about to engage in missionary work had grown into a settled conviction." Accordingly the Baptist Mission- ary Training School, in Chicago, was begun in September, 188L From this school, distinguished as the first of its kind, over a thou- sand young women representing thirty nationalities have gone out as Christian workers.

Missionary training courses have been maintained by the So- ciety in several Negro mission schools, and in connection with the Colegio Bautista Howard, at Puebla, Mexico, the Villa Robles, at

FIFTY YEARS OF FRUI'l'l<"UL SERVICE

Rio Piedras, Porto Rico, and since 1924 in the Woman's Department of Berkeley Divinity School, Berkeley, California.

The Indians.-From the Negroes the Society turned its attention to the Indians, who with quick and intelligent response to the Gospel passed the torch from tribe to tribe. The. Choctaws and Chickasaws under the inspiration of the missionary opened work among the Kiowas, who in turn carried the glad tidings to the Hopis on the arid mesas of Arizona. With a courage born of faith the Hopis sent Christian teachers from their own number to their traditional enemies, the surrounding Navajos of the plain.

With avowed admiration the Indians rewarded the women who went alone, unafraid to live among them. "Aim-day-co," they called Maryetta J. Reeside. "Our sister saw us on the wrong road: she SEWING MEETING OF INDIAN WOMEN. ARIZONA saw our great danger and called to us, 'Turn this way! Turn to Jesus!' Therefore we call her' Aim-day-co.' "

A second station among the Kiowas, established in 1893 by Miss Isabelle Crawford, became a beacon light of the Gospel to the Hopis. ']'hough worshiping in a tent and struggling to accumulate funds for H suitable house of worship the Kiowa church not only disdained to accept help for its own project but regularly set aside a sum as a "God's Light Upon the Mountain Society," to send the light to some tribe unacquainted with the Gospel.

To the Monos of California, the Crows of Montana, and the Piutes of Nevada the heroic missionaries penetrated, often laying foundations for the churches since established among the tribes.

Kodiak Orphanage.-In far-off Alaska the only beacon set up by Baptists is that planted by the New England Women's Society in the orphanage on 'Vood Island, near Kodiak, thirty-five years ago.

With the Immigrants.-When immigration from northern Europe deposited thousands of Scandinavians and Germans upon our shores the noblest of their young women enlisted under the motto of the Society, "Christ in Every Horne." Two and three score were in service among their countrymen from California to New York in many towns and at danger points in Utah and at the landing places. These Nordic groups have outgrown the need of help and, strong and self-reliant, are contributing of their; stalwart young men and devoted young women to the missionary forces of the denomination.

Through its messengers of peace the Society has reached more than a score of nationalities-in cities and in rural communities, in mill and mining centers, among the furnaces of the steel industry. North, south, east and west they have gone to every part of our land and beyond the border into Mexico, Cuba, Porto Rico and to Central America.

Education-Negro Schools.-Enduring monuments to the devotion and wisdom of New England's Christian women are the schools which they established. From a small beginning in the cellar of a Negro Baptist church in Atlanta, Georgia, has evolved Spelman College, the only" A" grade college for Negro girls in the world. Overlooking Beaufort Bay, South Carolina, is Mather Industrial School, established at the close of the Civil War as a primary school for the most destitute of Negro girls, now a junior high school. In Richmond, Hartshorn Memorial College fits young women for various positions. In addition to these schools a score of others started either liy home mission interest or Negro initiative have received financial grants from the society, and hundreds of students have been assisted to honorable places in life. At Storer College, Harper's Ferry, Virginia, fifteen buildings adorn the campus of a fine coeducational institution founded, and for years maintained, by the Free Baptist Woman's Missionary Society.

Indian Schools.-The teachers in Indian schools have reached nlany tribes-Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasavs, Cherokees, Seminoles, Wichitas, Arapahoes, Piutes, Crows. Bacone College near Muscogee, Oklahoma, is an institution of junior high school grade, rapidly adding new strength to its curriculum to keep abreast of the awakening ambition of Indian youth. Its graduates are finding their way into colleges and universities and returning to their people as teachers. In Murrow Orphanage which shares the campus with Bacone the Society has had a continuous interest.

Schools for Chinese.-Schools for Chinese boys and girls have been conducted at various points. An unfailing source of satisfaction is the Chinese School in San Francisco which has been in continuous existence since 1884. From it have gone colporteurs and

FIFTY YEARS OF FRUITFUL SERVIOE

missionaries, strong Christians, whose testimony in life has borne rich fruitage. . Schools for Spanish-Speaking N eighbors.-The Spanish-speaking schools in Mexico and Porto Rico are training camps for the development of native leadership. The eight teachers at Monterey are all Mexicans. At Puebla a normal and missionary training department has prepared young women to be teachers. A training school for nurses is attached to the hospital.

In Cuba the Society has had primary schools at many points. These lead to the Colegios Internacionales, at El Cristo, where a normal department fits the most advanced of the girls for teaching.

In Porto Rico where the U. S. Government maintains excellent schools, efforts are concentrated upon primary classes and upon mis- UPPER BIG HORN SCHOOL. ST. XAVIER, MONTANA sionary training in the Villa Robles, at Rio Piedras, close by the University of Porto Rico.

School work in Central America is of recent origin, the three republics of El Salvador, Nicaragua and Honduras having been assigned to the Baptists as a result of the Panama Conference of 1916. Schools opened in Managua and Santa Ana are overcrowded and children are constantly being turned away. iManagua school has attained the standard grade for that country and now confers degrees upon its graduates. At Santa Ana a training class prepares for teaching.

Hospitals and Nurses' Training Schools.-Since 1886 nurses have been trained at Spelman. MacVicar Hospital grew out of the school. The Hospital Latino Americano, established by Dr. Charles Conwell at Puebla in 1918, also offers a nurses-training course. 'l'hrough clinics and home visitation the school at Santa Ana has re- 2

lieved suffering in many homes and recent special gifts give fair prospect of an improved hospital service in both Salvador and Nicaragua.

Kindergarte'l'bS.- Kindergartens are maintained in Los Angeles, Ran Francisco, Phoenix, Puebla, Kansas City, Brooklyn and New York.

Christian Centers.-In the establishment of houses of friendliness, commonly known as Christian centers, the society has worked in close cooperation with the American Baptist Home Mission Society and the state conventions and city mission societies. Only four of these centers antedate the World War. No work is more fascinating or more challenging. Twenty-six centers now extend hospitality to groups of Indians, Mexicl;lns, Chinese, Negroes, Ital- ians, Slovaks and Japanese, as well as in the crowded ways of San Juan, Porto Rico. All but five of these have resident workers. The standards set up by these Chris· tian homes become the models for the community. Bible study is the very heart of the work at Aiken Institute, Chicago, and so at- tractive that for thirteen successive DISPENSARY OF THE ITALIAN BAPTIST years the Daily Vacation Bible CHURCH AND cO~~M[l,Wll HOUSE, PHILA- School, which last year numbered 1,375, has made the world record for attendance. Brooks House, opened in 1919 at Hammond, Indiana, has so commended itself to the community that three fourths of $50,- 000 needed to supply an addition containing a gymnasium and apartments for the workers has been contributed by local business men under the leadership of a committee of which the chairman is a Jew.

At Brooks House and at Katherine House, Roumanian, Hungarian, Croatian, Mexican, Russian, Polish and Lithuanian groups are gathered in Christian fellowship. To the influence of Rankin Christian Center, at Braddock, Pittsburgh, the burgess publicly paid tribute in the words, "The schools have helped, but by far the greatest influence for good has been the Third Avenue Mission and what its women workers have done for the people." The Chinese Center at Locke, California, was begun in 1922, in response to a request from the Chinese themselves, who provided a building for the work. "The center has meant a renaissance of life to me," said a brighteyed Christian girl from Judson Neighborhood House, New York, and her words would find an answering echo in the heart of many

another Italian boy or girl who has found Christ in one of the Chris- tian centers.

'l'he Japanese 'Women's Home in Seattle has been to many a city of refuge. Its influence has extended to the homeland through those who have returned to it, ufter having adopted as their own the motto: "IDvery one ever ready to serve our Saviour."

"Lovers of Truth," "Los Sembradoras," the women's organi- 7.ation at the San Juan Community House, Puerto di Tierra, Porto Rico, have named themselves.

The Community House for the Hopi Indians provided them with a laundry with tubs and running water and also with shower baths for the refreshment of their bodies. There Christian Indian women commend the Water of Life to their non-Christian friends as they work side by side.

Christian .Americanization.- The conviction that it would never be possible to provide a staff of salaried workers sufficiently large to reach with Christian influence the multitudes of foreign-speaking people of our country led to the adventure in friendliness known as Christian Americanization. This is nothing less than a challenge to the women of the churches to return to normal Christian living, neighborly, friendly interest in those who can be reached in per- COOKING Chi~E, JtIA~'E~E WOMEN'S son, In this venture as in others the Society has been a trail-blazer. Under the capable direction of Miss Alice W. 1. Brimson, the work was organized with regional specialists to instruct the women of the churches how to establish contacts with foreign-speaking homes, especially with the mother, commonly the most neglected and lonesome member of the family. The volunteers receive instruction in methods of teaching English to individuals or groups and in conducting citizenship classes for those who desire to be naturalized. The ideal is to enlist every woman in the church. Over 3,000 volunteers have been secured. Churches are beginning to look upon their communities to discover foreignspeaking homes to be befriended or American homes that need to be Christianized.

Interdenominational Cooperation,-One of the first Boards to

engage in interdenominational cooperation through the Council of Women for Home Missions, the Woman's American Baptist Home Mission Society contributed Mrs. George 'V. Coleman, who, as the first president of the Council, was for eight years the gu~ding hand in shaping its policies.

Growth in Numbers.-From weak and struggling beginnings the Society has become a strong organization, enlisting women in 10 districts comprising 36 states and 420 associations of Baptist churches in 4,375 societies, with an active membership of 127,931. Young women are enrolled in 2,401 VYorld Wide Guild chapters, and children in 1,816 Children's World Crusade bands. During the past year there have been 337 workers on the field, of whom 181 are missionaries to a score of nationalities in 100 stations; teachers number 156 in 35 schools and kindergartens. A special Golden Anniversary Fund of $500,000 has just been over-subscribed by the women of the churches, the actual amount gathered being $592,000.

Christ in Every Home.-Through evangelism, education, the emancipation of life from the bondage of illiteracy, intemperance and unbelief, the enfranchisement of disadvantaged peoples, emphasis upon the principles underlying the Eighteenth Amendment and unremitting efforts toward the elimination of race prejudice and pride, the Society continues to cooperate with all other organizations designed to extend the kingdom of Ohrist on earth and seeks to realize its goal of "Ohrist in Every Home," believing that it has been proven to be "a planting of the Lord."

,!

HOW MUCH SHALL I GIVE THIS YEAR TO MISSIONS!

A Little Argument with Myself 1. If I refuse to give anything w missions this year, I practically cast a ballot in favor of the recall of every missionary, both in the home and foreign fields.

2. If I give less tkan keretofore, I favor a reduction of the missionary forces proportionate to my reduced contribution.

3. If I give tke same as formerly, I favor holding the ground already won, but I disregard any forward movement. My song is, "Hold the Fort!" forgetting that the Lord never intended that His army should take refuge in a fort. All of His soldiers are under marching orders always. They are commanded to "Go!"

4. If I advance my offering beyond fO'f"mer years, then I favor an advance movement in the conquest of new territory for Christ. Shall I not join in this class ?

Resolved: I do believe in greatly increasing tke present number of missionaries; th6'f"efore I will increase my former offerings to missionary work.

A Chinese Message to

Issued at a Mass Meeting of Chinese Christians He~d in Shanghai, February 6, 1927 The following open letter to missionaries was adopted by a recent meeting of Chinese Christians in Shanghai.

1. THE SITUATION China is at present going through a gigantic upheaval, the main characteristics of which can be summarized as follows: 1. A struggle for a stronger and freer national life. 2. A struggle for a fuller and richer content in the life of the masses. 3. A struggle for a more worthy place in the family of nations. 4. A struggle towards a new cultural expression which will unite the best in our intellectual and spiritual life with the best in modern scientific civilization.

This fourfold struggle has penetrated every phase of Ohinese life today and in its onward sweep profoundly affects every form of organized effort in the country. We, Chinese Christians in Shanghai, feel acutely the challenge of this present hour. Already among us two definite trends have been greatly accentuated: II. OUR ATTITUDE 1. More than ever before, there stirs in the heart of the Chinese Christian Church the desire to find its own soul and to live its own life.

2. More than ever before, the Chinese Christian Church is experi- encing a compelling sense of obligation to assume responsibility for carrying on the Christian movement in China even though its leaders are fully conscious of their unpreparedness for the task.

Christian workers in China have reacted to the present situation in various ways. Some regard this upheaval as a temporary manifestation of unrest which will soon pass away. These believe it will then be possible again to resume their life and work very largely under the conditions which prevailed before. Others have been so discouraged by the continuance of one trouble after another that they have become extremely pessimistic and can see no hope for the future. But there is another group whose hearts, while frankly filled with anxiety and perplexity, nevertheless are moved also with hope and with a spirit of adventure because they have seen the guiding hand of God in the present situation. The future of the Christian movement jn China will depend very largely upon whether this small group of Christians will be able to maintain a faith, courage and wisdom equal to the superhuman demands of the hour.

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In this crucial experience through which we are passing, we need the continued cooperation of the older Christian communions of the vVest and of our missionary coworkers in China. None better than ourselves realize our unpreparedness to carryon a Christian movement which thus far has been fostered largely by the churches of the West.

Our Convictions In this cooperation, may we share with you our convictions as to the spirit in which we are called upon to undertake our common service?

1. As followers of Christ all of us should persistently endeavor always to let our love triumph over any sense of being misunderstood or unjustly treated, over considerations of national prestige or personal safety, over differences of opinion and over pride and prejudice.

2. Whatever happens to our institutions and programs of work, we still stand in need of your best contribution, which is the sharing with us of your deepest personal experience of God through Christ.

3. We 'invite you to identify yourselves fully (1) with the Chinese people, in accepting the risk involved in the voluntary surrendering of your extraterritorial status and (2) with the Chinese Church, by merging your present mission organizations with it, thus bringing directly to the Church the gift of all your knowledge and experience.

4. As followers of Christ, the Prince of Peace and Goodwill, shall not missionaries and Chinese Christians unite in undertaking the ministry of sympathy, understanding and reconciliation in the midst of strained relationships of all kinds?

Above all, let us unite before God in a humble and penitent spirit and examine ourselves as to: (1) How truly Christian our own individual lives are and, (2) How well prepared we are to make a worthy Christian COlltribution to the great human needs around us today.

III. SOM~~ PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONS 1. '1'he Christian Church, if it is to make its contribution to the unfolding life of the Chinese people at the present time, must have in its own fellowship that triumphant spiritual life which is rooted in a vivid cOllsciousness of God through Christ. Shall we not see in this period of forced interruptions to our normal work, an opportunity and call to find for ourselves, individually and in groups, a deeper experience of God1 2. In the midst of the profound political, social and economic changes now going on in the country, we feel greatly perplexed as to what constitutes for us the Christian way of life today. Can we not in the coming year come together all over the country in little

A OIDNESE MESSAGE TO MISSIONARIES

groups which will in a spirit of prayer and fearless inquiry seek an answer to these all-important questions 1 3. Extraordinary occasions in life call for prompt and adventurous adjustments. The whole Christian movement in China is today facing such an occasion. We, therefore, urge: (1) That immediate representations be made by missionaries, either through deputations going back to their home countries or through other means, calling for an immediate readjustment in treaties with China on the basis of economic equality and mutual respect for each other's political and territorial sovereignty.

(2) That the mission boards send immediately representatives to China to work out with Christian leaders in this country definite measures for the placing of all branches of Christian work under the administrative charge of Chinese Christian bodies.

(3) That responsible missionary church leaders in China, in the meanwhile, get together to work out ways and means toward this transfer of responsibility.

4. ShoHld not a meeting of responsible Christian workers in China be called immediately to study the present situation and fearlessly examine into their work with a nation-wide perspective and across denominational lines, in order to determine which enterprises within the Christian movement should at all costs be maintained, with a view to the concentration of our resources in men and monev on those enterprises which are making the most vital contribution's to the life of the Chinese people?

In concluding this word to our missionary co-workers, we wish again to express to them our deep appreciation of the noble work which they have been carrying on in China, to assure them of our continued trust and affection, and to record herewith our conviction that they have a permanent and fruitful place in the service of Christ among our people.

WHAT TRIBE IS THATl T RIBAL distinctions are marked among the people of Cameroun, West Africa. Sometimes Christian evangelists of one tribe meet many hardships in presenting Christ to the peoples of other tribes. One afternoon three women went to visit a Presbyterian missionary, who, beginning a simple effort at evangelization, asked them if they were Christians.

"Oh, no, we are daughters of the Njem tribe. We have never heard of that strange people. They do not live here."

The missionary, with a heart of deepest sympathy, in writing to friends at home said: "Ah, my friends, how true that is at present, but what a golden opportunity there is bef.ore us, because everywhere the people are thirsting f.or the knowledge of Christ."

Christians in the Present

Some Reports from China "WHEN the final record is written" says Mr. Stanley High, who was in China during the sack of Nanking, "no modern period of Christian history will be more inspiring than this present period in China. The loyalty of the Chinese Christians to the faith they have owned-their loyalty during these times of the Nationalist movement-takes one back to first-century Christianity for a parallel." A few incidents, quoted by Mr. High, will help to tell the story: In West China, according to Mr. Lewis Havermale, "the Chinese preachers have organized themselves into a' Flying Squadron' whereby they can report immediately at any point where the pastor is becoming overwhelmed by anti-Christian propaganda-by means of interviews, public meetings, and tracts or posters, encouraging Christians and effecting reconciliations. They have taxed themselves to provide for the budget. They have, by written contract, bound themselves to provide funeral expenses for any who may be slain by fanatics, and to provide for their widows and orphans."

At a recent meeting in Chungking when salary cuts were imminent many said, "If we were in the employ of some other institution, the Post Office for example, we would now call a strike. We have talked the matter over. We have decided not to strike. The job of preaching the Gospel is not that of the missionaries but of us Christians. We will, therefore, return to our tasks even though we scarcely have enough on which to live. We will do our utmost, God helping us. "

Bishop Logan H. Roots, of the Protestant Episcopal Church, tells many incidents of the devotion of the Christians. Here are two: A pastor in a city near Hankow was taken by the "Reds," bound, beaten and carried in disgrace through the streets of the city. He was placed upon a platform before a jeering crowd.

"If you will renounce this Jesus," said the tormentors, "we will let you go."

"I am a Christian," said the pastor. "You may kill me, but until death I cannot cease to preach. And if I am killed my spirit will remain in this place as a witness to my Lord."

In the face of such courage and such a testimony he was released. Two other pastors were imprisoned, after having been badly beaten. They were told that they would be released if they renounced their faith. It happened that the day on which they were imprisoned was, in the Episcopal Church calendar, sacred to the memory of St.

584 Stephen. The two Ohinese pastors stood up in the midst of their fellow prisoners, and preached the story of Stephen. "We need men like Stephen in Ohina," said the prisoners-and together the whole company knelt and prayed that God would send more Stephens to the aid of Ohina.

"This is a day of spiritual rebirth in Ohina," said Bishop Roots.

Most striking of all these examples of Ohristian devotion come from Nanking. Last March, during the entire day of terrors, when escape for the missionaries seemed unlikely, little groups of Ohinese boys and girls and preachers and laymen-between frantic efforts to save their foreign friends-slipped into hiding places and held im- promptu prayer meetings for the safety of the missionaries.

"It was a day of tragedy," says one missionary, "but also a day of prayer." It seems almost certain that few of the missionaries could have escaped but for the sacrifices of the Ohinese Ohristians.

These men and women have been forced to remain to pay the price for their devotion. When the soldiers came to kill Miss Lulu Golisch, the girls of her school made a circle, three deep about her, knelt down in prayer and then told the soldiers: "If you kill her you must first kill us." The Ohinese dean of that school remained all day, at his post, suffering the abuse of the soldiers. He refused to leave even when his own home was looted and his wife and children were driven away. .

"Until this tragedy," said Miss Golisch, "we never knew how deeply Christ had taken hold upon the lives of our believers. "

One of the pastors at Nanking took his accumulated savings in order to buy soap, towels, toothbrushes, etc., for the missionaries who were in hiding vear his home. When they left he gave to each a bar of chocolate "in case you are delayed." The Ginling Oollege girls were dispersed, but organized little groups and spent the day, in the backs of shops or hidden in the cemeteries, in continual prayer.

When Dr. Price, an aged missionary, was told that he must pay several hundred dollars or forfeit his life, a group of Ohinese Chris- tians banded together and raised the sum, an almost impossible amount for Ohinese Ohristians to give.

Dr. H. F. Rowe, head of the Theological School, was beaten and dragged through the streets of the city. Chinese clothes were pro- vided by his Ohristian rescuers and he said; "It was worth the price of admission. Now we know, as never before, the reality of the faith which our Ohinese Ohristians have professed. "

"THE ORDEAL OF NANKING"* BY SEARLE BATES The suddenness of the outburst at Nanking has been such a shock to those who were in it and to the press of the world • Extracts from the World Call, May.

that there is a revulsion from Ohina bound to hurt the right relations of Ohristian people with the Ohinese. Many missionaries are returning to America immediately, some from necessity and some from discouragement-all of whom will more or less consciously justify their rdurn by emphasizing the evils from which they are withdrawing. I am continually hearing that "We must tell the churches the truth regarding the awful conditions in Ohina.'" Yes, but let it be the whole truth, faced in a Ohristian spirit, never forgetting the good in the midst of the bad. Things may grow worse instead of better. But did Jesus and Paul demand ideal conditions for their ministry, and say that they would quit if they did not get them' If we have to flee into the next city, all right. But we will go back when we can, meanwhile sustaining the Ohinese who bear the burden and cannot enjoy the luxury of escape.

Of the active agents for deliverance, three were of especial importance. Chinese friends appeared from every side to render all possible help at great peril to themselves; they were of every sort and class, f:rom the humblest to the greatest. They hid foreigners in their own houses; they guided them to places of concealment; they provided information and food for those completely cut off; they paid scores of ransoms from petty sums to hundreds of dollars; they pleaded with soldiers who were in the act of shooting; they stepped between missionaries and their attackers. These actions endangered them, and, as they well knew, marked them for later persecution. Perhaps the most conspicuous heroism was shown by the students and Ohinese faculty of the University, who gave abundant individual aid, and through twenty-four hours gathered all foreigners from the interior of the city into a university building for such protection as they could provide. Hundreds of Ohinese helped at great risk and gave impressive evidence of what Ohristian work meant in Nanking.

Everyone who passed through these days has a new assurance of the things that abide, of faith, and hope, and love. Each has seen the inability of death to conquer spirit, and has lived in peace in the face of those who took up the sword. Little or no personal property, whether the irreplaceable pictures and keepsakes, or the furniture, books and clothing, slowly gathered through years of economy, remains for scores of homes. But for most, the pain and the losses can be forgotten in the devotion of Ohinese, and in the fellowship of suffering which united them with the thousands of Ohinese who are victims in each campaign of brutal soldiery. If only love and helpfulness can continue between the Ohristians of the West, and the Ohristians as well as all who need help in the crisis of China, the wounds can be healed and the temporary breaks restored. Each man and woman who shared in this experience is proud to be one of the group in which he saw so much fortitude and good cheer, such for-

1927J CHINESE CHRISTIANS IN THE PRESENT ,CRISIS

getfulness of self, such complete restraint in the midst of utter provocation, so little bitterness or complaint. Not one woman became hysterical; not one man let slip the timely blow which would have been natural but would have increased the danger to all; none, even the youngest, caused others to be unhappy because of his own sufferings or discomforts. Each can testify of his fellow-workers that there are still missionaries ready to bear all things and to carry one another's burdens without fainting. Chinese and Westerners revealed to each other and to themselves depths of character too seldom realized in daily duties; and when the common life can be restored, there will be yet richer fruits of Christian effort.

SOME LOSSES IN NANKING In addition to the great loss that came through the murder of Dr. Williams and the driving out of the missionaries from Nanking, much personal and mission property was stolen or destroyed. Losses of $302,100 were incurred by the University of Nanking, and its staff, when Nationalist soldiers looted the school buildings and the residences on tlie campus.

The trustees of the University have made an appeal for $174,100 from American Christians to cover losses and emergency needs. Additi01ial items of loss for which no appeal is made at the present time include: five residences burned, $30,000; damage to university buildings and equipment during looting, $30,500; loss of personal property by members of the staff who are supported by the cooperating mission boards, $124,000.

The University of Nanking had a staff of nineteen families who were appointed by the mission boards supporting the University: the Baptist, the Disciples, the Methodist Episcopal, and the Presbyterian denominational mission boards; of twelve families and twelve single missionaries supported by university funds; and of nearly two hundred fifty Chinese staff members-deans, professors, and instructors and assistants.

Two parts of the Nanking story have not been fully told. The first is the thrilling story of the loyalty and devotion of Chinese teachers, students, servants, and citizens to their foreign associates and friends on the university staff. Again and again they risked their lives and their possessions by hiding foreigners in their houses and by remonstrating with looters and soldiers. One member of the faculty reports his life saved by a' young university graduate who stepped between him and levelled rifles saying: "If you must shoot someone, shoot me." On the second day, when the refugees were gathered for safety in the attic of one of the university buildings, hundreds of Chinese of all classes-teachers, students, business men, servants, coolies-streamed in and out all day, thrusting on their foreign friends money, clothing, food, necessities of one kind and

another, and expressing with tears on their cheeks-an evidence of depth of feeling seldom seen in China-their profound sorrow at the indignities, destruction and death that the soldiers had caused.

One Chinese Christian secured, during the day, pledges of $10,- 000 silver from Chinese business men to buy off the soldiers. Others sought aid from authorities or joined in endeavors to protect properties. Tragic, brutal, and sad as were the events of those days, there stands out shining clear the record of hundreds of deeds of unselfish kindness by the poor and the well-to-do-a tribute in itself to the place in the hearts of Nanking's people.

The Chinese people of Nanking were greatly shocked at the destruction and damage that have caused so much sadness. Hundreds express.ed deepest sorrow at the tragic closing of Dr. J. E. Williams' missionary service. Many, out of their poverty, gave all they could to relieve the needs of their friends who had suffered so greatly while guests in their land. It is a small thing to ask American Christians to give money to help make good some of the losses suffered by these men and y.'"omen and to enable the work to go forward.

Each of the mission boards is appealing for aid from friends in America to meet the present emergency. Many expenses must go on, even though the work has temporarily been interrupted. Missionaries and their families must be transferred to other places and their living expenses must be provided. The Chinese Christian workers, also, must not be deserted in this crisis. At least one million dollars extra contributions will be required by the Mission Boards to meet this emergency.

MODERN HEROES OF FAITH A Missionary Version of Hebrews 11: 32-40 And what shall I more say f for the time would fail me to tell of John Williams, who through faith subdued kingdoms; of John Paton, who wrought righteousness; of Hudson Taylor, who obtained promises; of Mary Slessor, who out of weakness was made strong; of George Mackay, who waxed valiant in fight; of Robert Moffat, who turned to flight the armies of the aliens; of Henry Martyn, who was tortured, not accepting deliverance; of Adoniram .Judson, who had trial of bonds and imprisonment; of Raymond Lull, who was stoned at Bugia; of .James Chalmers, who was sawn asunder by cannibals; of Horace Tracy Pitkin, who was slain with the sword; of David Ilivingstone, who wandered about destitute, afflicted, tormented; of James Gilmour, who wandered in deserts and in mountains, and of Robert Morrison, who obtained a good report through faith, but received not the promise, and who through us is made perfect. Wherefore seeing we also are compassed about with so great a cloud of witnesses, let us lay aside every weight, and the sin that doth so easily beset us and let us run with patience the race that is set before us.-Missions.

Crisis in the Chinese Church *

M R. T. Z. KOO, one of the brilliant young men of the New China, addressed a meeting of missionaries at Shanghai, on February 10. Mr. Koo (who was one of the contributors to the book, "China Through Chinese Eyes") is a leading member of the National Christian Council of China. The subject of the address was "The Christian Church and the Present Crisis." He said in part: "What, after all, is our aim in China7 We are today in the process of nation making. China as a nation does not exist today; she is merely a collection of families. The unit is the family, not the nation; loyalty to a family is much more real than loyalty to a nation. The conception must be broadened from family to nation. The revolution of 1911 was just a change of political laurels. By contrast the revolution of 1927 is a mental process, a thinking through educative processes of particular manifestations. If any group of people are suspected of being in the way of the onward progress of this Nationalist movement they will have their usefulness and even their very existence endangered. God is leading China today as He led the children of Israel through the wilderness into the Promised Land. We, too, have our wilderness to go through-our temptations; we, too, make false friends; but we shall get through to our Promised Land, or our children will."

Turning to the relation of the Christian Church to the present crisis, Mr. Koo said that this was an even more difficult matter to face than the political phenomena. "I want to dig into the intellectual problem created for the Church," he said. "I myself have been trying to grasp the spiritual significance of this movement. May I ask that we probe into our hearts? Have we heard God's voice? God is testing the Church in its capacity to love-'Lovest thou Me?' If we can answer 'Yes,' then who can take away from us that commission, 'Feed My Sheep'? Some missionaries have been forced to leave their work; doubtless many are full of anxiety. Do we reali'ze the spiritual significance of what is happening? Do we love J esuslove Him more than anything else? Then, 'Tend My Flock.' Where is His flock right now? We have given thought to our mission finances and to our property. Are we taking thought for His flock? If we are prepared to answer that question in the affirmative-good! God is testing the Church in the inward things; but we are thinking of property. The Church has in China property running into millions of dollars. We have great mission equipment-schools and hospitals. All have been created with the idea of foreign leadership. We are so possessed with an idea of our own importance that when the breath <From The Methodist Times of London.

589

of criticism blows we fear, and immediately want to close down this or that piece of work. This is to say that you come out not because you are interested in the people, but rather that you are interested in running a particular institution. Now that the conditions in which we find ourselves render our institutions useless, and cause us physical dangers and sufferings, we should be brought to realize that our task is a spiritual task-the task of saving souls, a, task that was lost to us in the midst of our instit'utions.

"God is testing us in our capacity to identify ourselves with the life of the common people. 'rhe attitude of the philanthropist is resented; it recoils on ourselves. To identify ourselves with the life of the common people would find practical expression in opposition to social abuses. There is a desire to swing ourselves into the popular current. But when we try as a Christian Church to ally ourselves with the popular movements, simply because they are popular, we make a great mistake. God will use the Communists as an instrument; He will use the Kuomintang. Instruments go forth blindly and often go forward to their own destruction; but while useful they' will be used by God. Alexander and Napoleon were instruments used by God, but they were destroyed. The Church here is God's divine instrument; it is indestructible, and should not desire to be merely the tool of any lesser instrument."

ANTI-OHRISTIAN OHINESE ANSWERED D R. CLELAND B. McAFEE, of the McCormick Presbyterian Theo- logical Seminary, Chicago, talked to a group of anti-Christian Chinese students who inquired about the C!Jristian movement in general, and Christianity in particular. He defined the Christian movement as the voluntary effort of Christian believers to make Jesus Christ known everywhere. As voluntary, it has nothing to do with governments or with social programs. It is a movement of ideas, forming its own institutions as it goes along in each land. The four details are: 1. It is an effort of Christian believers to fulfill the wish of the Founder of our Faith; 2. It is an effort to share with others the best that Christians think they have; 3. It is an effort to express the universal nature of the Christian Faith; 4. It is an effort to help in unifying the world. A brief statement of the Christian faith also was in four items. It is a religion which teaches that: 1. God is a holy, loving Father. 2. In Christ He has provided complete forgiveness. for all sins and a perfect example of life; 3. He calls us to a brotherhood around Christ which makes the world good and helpful and happy; 4. He has provided an eternal home of complete holiness and happiness to which He wants us all to go.

GIRLS MAKING' WALKS TO EARN MONEY FOn THANK-OFFEnING

Intimate Glimpses of a West Virginia School-II E;dracts f rom a Series of News L ett ers Sent Out Dt/,ring the Last Eight een Months from the Pattie C. Stockdale Memorial S chool, Colcord, West Virginia, Supported by the Board of National Missions of the Presbyt erian Church, U. S . .A.

BY ANNA BELLE STEWART, DIREOTOR (Concluded from J 'uly iss~te.) Our hearts swell up with joy for the outpouring of rich blessing in ansver to prayer. For many months we waited for the Lord to send us a pastor who would love and understand our people and have an evangelistic spirit. In November there was sent to us just the man. Even before his household goods were unpacked he was engaged in a series of meetings in our chapel. For two weeks he labored and prayed among us, during which time fourteen young people accepted Christ as Saviour and publicly confessed Him. Some of the young men we have longed so much to reach were drawn into the meetings, and many of them for the first time seemed to be attentive as our pastor told the gospel story. Can you imagine our happiness the night the last of our school family accepted Him and we were thus made "complete in Him'"

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The prayer life in our home grew more precious than ever before and several of our girls had their first experience in leading a comrade to Christ. They became so concerned that one night after they had been tucked into bed and while the faculty was meeting for prayer downstairs, by common consent they slipped from their beds and on their knees made confession of their own sins and prayed earnestly for the salvation of others. The next day they asked that in addition to the many daytime gatherings for prayer they might have half an hour each night for the united outpouring of their petitions. We were much touched by the prp,yer and efforts of two of our girls to bring to Christ the young men who were interested in them. Both of these boys made the decision, and one very frankly admits that it was due to the prayers and influence of the student he admires. How powerful for good among our young people are friendships which are built on Christ! This boy has been used of the Lord to bring a worldly sister to a realization of her need and to a ringing testimony to the new-found power in her life.

How we wish words could convey to you the atmosphere in all the work here! New avenues for training and influence are constantly opening. A flourishing young men's reading club has come at the solicitation of the young men themselves. Frequently groups come without special invitation to listen in on a radio service or for a sing. Students clamor for the privilege of teaching a Sunday-school dass.

However, school duties and evangelistic meetings were not alone in claiming time and prayer, for November is the month of expressing concretely the gratitude of our hearts for opportunity for training and service. Late in. October announcement was made of the approaching Thank Offering and ways and means were devised by which our girls might show through labor exchanged for gold their heart-felt thanks and desire to spread the Gospel. It was a difficult task to teach our inexperienced girls the joy of sacrificial giving. But prayer and untiring effort linked to the influence of one student, who in another mission school had learned this joy, brought encouraging results. Every nook and corner of time was claimed by money-earning activities, even to the giving up of the few recreational hours in our life here. Walks were laid, logs carried and stored for winter use, nuts cracked, mice caught, teachers' rooms cleaned and kept in order, wrinkles chased, new garments made, and 8tockings darned. Hands and feet which at first moved reluctantly from a sense of duty moved more swiftly and lovingly as the true meaning of the offering was understood. A request came that the making of the offering be postponed a week so that a few more hours of work would make their expression of thanks a little more adequate. With tenseness we awaited results, and found that the total offering was $140.00 and that our own girls averaged $3.00 each in their

INTIMATE GLIMPSES OF A WEST VIRGINIA SCHOOL-II

contributions. Small perhaps, but a forward step for girls who never knew the joy of giving.

Our Ohristmas activities included a dinner for the girls, caroling, a candlelight service on Ohristmas night, and programs in our Sunday-schools. The opening event, which was both educational and social, was a holiday dinner served before the family separated for vacation. Generous friends sent decorations and goodies. The table decked with Ohristmas candles, place cards, and favors created the atmosphere and was declared by the high-school home-making class to be the most beautiful they had ever seen. This occasion gave suggestions to our girls of ways to brighten their home celebrations. On ONE GROUP FROM THE ALL-BIBLE D. V. B. S. AT FULTON; : AUGUST, 1926 Ohristmas Eve a band of singers braved the rain and storm to bring the spirit of Ohristmas to many homes. In the silence of the night this vaUey for the first time rang with the voices of a caroling band and echoed the gladness of the performers, mistaken by one family for angels coming to carry away their sick child.

We assisted in the program at Ameagle and were wholly responsible for the programs in the other three Sunday-schools. According to the materials at hand, adaptations were made at Lawson and Fulton of the program which was first presented at Oolcord. Everywhere the hardships of travelling with all the properties and "cast" in large springless wagons over muddy, bumpy roads were forgotten in the joy of the hearty response of the people. Knowing 3

the power of the Bible story of the first Ohristmas in its beauty and simplicity, and the efficacy of the Word of God, the account of the shepherds found in Luke and the story of the Wise Men from Mat- thew were selected as the material around which our exercises were built. These passages were illustrated by appropriate carols and tableaux, which introduced the characters in costumes of Bible times. The junior high school recited the Scripture and led in the singing of the carols.

**** The work grows rapidly. The junior high school has left behind its inconvenient two-room structure and is now housed in a sub- stantial four-room brick building. From the community has come a petition to the local school board to establish a senior high school, and this together with.the strong hope of another dormitory on our •campus this year gives promise of a larger educational program. The lives of the girls in the school family have been unfolding with a rare beauty. They have learned the power of prayer for themselves and for others. From community and school come requests for Bible study and prayer circles. Every Tuesday night a group of young men meet to study the Book of Acts. In a meeting every Saturday afternoon for teacher training and for preparation of the coming lesson our young Sunday-school teachers reveal not only an interest in learning to present the lesson in the most telling manner but a concern for the spiritual growth of the little ones entrusted to them. This training is definite preparation for service in their home com- munities. The three Ohristian Endeavor societies are thriving. If you could step into a Senior meeting you would find our uneducated farmer serving as president and taking part in the meeting while by his side one of the high school teachers, a college graduate, listens intently and awaits his turn to participate. The Intermediate group comes from ~;.soul-searching prayer:service into its larger meeting. With the'bacltrows filled with youngl men and women who are there because they' know of nowhere else' to go there is a challenge to prayer and per~onal work for these zealous youngOhristians. Almost every week there is response to the invitation that is given to accept Ohrist. The earnestness of the Juniors is shown as a group of them meets daily to pray for the welfare of the society and that hearts might be touched. These three organizations have given $300 to missions this year.

Ameagle, our most promising station, after being open to us for only six months, boasts six services a week. A Tuesday night sing, a Thursday night Bible class, preaching or a stereopticon lecture on Saturday night, Sunday-school, a prayer meeting for girls on Sunday afternoon, and a Sunday night prayer meeting are the, services in- cluded in its program.

Japan was the country studied and portrayed in the School of Missions which opened early in February and met every :B'riday night for six weeks. Interest ran high in making decorations and in presenting plays and pageants, while the social instinct was satisfied in meeting together day after day for rehearsals. The most outstand- ing benefit, however, came in the knowledge acquired of the need of the Gospel and ·of the work of missions in other lands. Hustle and hustle in preparing decorations preceded the first session. All hands were busy. Little boys gathered pink fruit wrappers, high school young people cut and pasted them to make cherry blossoms and . labored over a wisteria lattice, while staff members nailed, glued, and painted until a fine torii and beautiful Japanese screen were finished. Sewing machines hummed as kimonos were made and later re- modeled, and daily during the entire course the chapel was the scene 0f one or more rehearsals. :B'or hours the typewriter clicked out copies and revisions of plays. The chapel became a veritable Jap- anes"e bower, for added to the Colcord-made decorations were pictures, parasols, fans, lanterns, flags, and dolls from the Sunrise Kingdom. About one hundred and thirty people gathered each week for the devotional service, separated for nine classes which used all the graded study material available, and came again to the chapel to learn from play or pageant more of our yellow-skinned brothers. At the closing session an offering was made for missions. Our faithful farmer (who contributed $5.00) was much disappointed when he learned that only $40.00 had been given. He had expected that there would be at least $100.00. His testimony to the appeal made to him through the study of missions and to the joy of giving stirred our hearts. The pageant of that last night was wonderful in setting, ~ostuming, and presentation. In the hush of the closing moments one of our workers stepped forward and made the appeal for life service. Prayerfully we awaited the response for this was the climax to our weeks of work and prayer and we knew of the days and nights of struggle which had gone before in many young hearts. One girl who' became ill from the conflict tried to get away from the insistent repetition of the lines "Behold how many thousands still are lying bound in the darksome prisonhouse of sin." She found no peace until her heart echoed the words of that beautiful hymn "Take my life and let it be consecrated to Thee." This girl was the first of thirteen young people to respond to the appeal.

Little by little our young people have come to know the joy of sacrificial giving; they have learned to work and pray for the salvation of souls and the advancement of the kingdom; and now twenty of these precious lives have been give.n for His service wherever He may call. Cannot you who from afar share in the work and we who labor here lift our hearts together and rejoice because "great is our Lord and of great power?"

E. Clark-A World-Wide

Christian* BY REV. R. P. ANDERSON, BOSTON, MASS. Editorial flecretary of the United Society of Christian Endeavor T HE founder of this world-wide, international, interdenom- inational society ?f young and activ~ C~risti~n workers,. was the most unassummg of men. A prachcalldeahst, he was gifted with a Napoleonic mind, allied with the Christ spirit. He thought in continents, and in terms of the Church Universal. During his life he saw the emphasis of the church's teaching ministry changed to take up the training of adolescent youth for Christ and the Church. He placed the young people in the midst. He discovered the potentialities of the youth of the world. He saw young people of the Church drifting away because they had nothing to do that interested them, and he organized them on the basis of loyalty to Christ and His Church. In the forty-six years of the Society's existence more than twenty million young people have passed through its training, and today there are scattered throughout the world over four million active members of the organization.

This is one of the largest societies in the world, the members of which give voluntary service. The paid officers of the Movement in all lands probably do not exceed between forty and fifty, but there is a host of ten thousand officers of Chrifltian Endeavor Unions, not to speak of a multitude of officers of societies, all of whom give time, energy, and money to the tasks they undertake. What this release of energy, loyalty, and devotion has meant and still means to the Church, no one can estimate. Roger Babson, the well-known economist, has said that he owes more to a little Christian Endeavor society in Gloucester, Mass., than to any other organization. This is characteristic of the effects of Christian Endeavor upon the minds of many.

From the first Christian Endeavor has been interdenominational. The unions are composed of societies belonging to different denominations in a given community, and are united on a platform of service. Long ago Dr. Clark saw that in the present state of things there could be no interdenominational fellowship on a basis of creeds. Christian Endeavor, therefore, has never stressed doctrinal matters but has consistently referred Endeavorers to their own denomination- • Rev. FranciS E. Clark, D.D., LL.D" founder" of the Christian Endeavor movement, died on May 26th, at his home in Newton. near Boston. Massachusetts,. at the age of seventy-five years and eight months. He lived to see the Christian Endeayor society, formed in 1881 in his church in Portland, Maine, spread into all thf'l world and become a mighty organization, approximating eighty thousand societies in e1ighty different denominations. This host of young people looked to him throughout all these years for inspiration and leadership. TWo years ago he resigned. the presidency of the United States Society of Christian Endeavor, which includes the societies in the United States, Canada and Mexico. HiS: Auccessor is Dr. Dp,ni~l A. P()1ing, minister of the Marble CoJleg!at. Church, New York City. and editor of The Christian Herald.

596 al teachings. But Christian Endeavor has helped to break down prej- ..udices and to build np the spirit of brotherhood.

Christian Endeavor is also interracial. It is as well adapted to Chinese and Japanese and to Negroes in Africa, as to the white man in America. The largest Christian Endeavor society in the world is in Bolenge, Africa. IDvery member of the great church there is an Endeavorer. The society has branches in every prominent province in China, where it was started in .

1885. In connection with the cele- bration of the fortieth anniversary of its founding there, an "Increase Campaign" was started, which raised the number of societies from twelve hundred to twenty- five hundred. Christian Endeavor is especially strong in Great Britain, in Australia, and in Ger- many. Before the war there were only some five hundred societies in Germany. Today there are more than sixteen hundred. The Society is also found in the new countries created by the war in Europe, and it is serving missionaries in practically every mission field.

Dr. Clark was a great traveler.

His first journey in the interests of Christian Endeavor was made to England in 1888; since then he has travelled five times around the REV. FRANCIS E. CLARK. D.D. world, besides making innumerable journeys to Europe, Africa and the Orient. One of his trips took him to the cities in which St. Paul ministered, and the result is a large volume, "In the Footsteps of St. PauL" He was one of the last men to leave Peking, China, before the Boxer rebellion broke out in 1900, and was the first to undertake the long journey overland across Siberia, by rail and boat, from China to Petrograd, R~ssia. Again and again he visited every state of the Union, encouraging, inspiring, and cheering the young people in the work of the Kingdom.

Few men ever had so wide an opportunity to promote the spread of the Christian religion as Dr. Clark. The Society has never swerved from its religious ideals. The pledge which the members take sets before them the highest of all ideals, the life of Christ Himself: "Trusting in the Lord J eS'lts CMist for strength, I promise Him that I wiU strive to do whatever He would like to have me do."

'rhis idea has become ingrained in the consciousness of multitudes in all lands, and has made the religion of Jesus very practical.

Since his hand was upon all lands, Dr. Clark was naturally interested in the whole world. He was a peacemaker. The brotherhood of Christian Endeavor not only helped to break down racial prejudices, but also helped to heal even the wounds of war. Everyone knows the bitterness that existed between Boer and Briton after the Boer War. It is not generally known that the first time Boer and Briton met in friendly manner after the war was in a Christian Endeavor union meeting in Capetown, South Africa, when they sangin Dutch and in English, together, the hymn, "Blest be the tie that binds Our hearts in Christian love."

After the world war, largely through Dr. Clark's influence, German Endeavorers in their convention in Hamburg invited some British Endeavorers as guests. There again the bitterness of war was forgotten in the spirit of Jesus Christ. British Endeavorers each year invite groups of German young people to British Holiday Homes; 'and this year German private families are inviting British Endeavorers to spend a vacation in their homes in Germany. We do not know of any international organization which is so well adapted to create the spirit of brotherhood and peace as is Christiau Endeavor. In international Christian Endeavor gatherings the love of Christ proves stronger than that of nationality. During the World's Christian Endeavor Convention in London last year the British societies entertained as guests groups of German Endeavorers without a trace of bitterness on either side, and no one who was present at that great gathering will ever forget the sight of Dr. Clark on the platform, while representatives of forty nations planted their flags around a Christian Endeavor monogram, as a tribute of the world to what Christian Endeavor has done for peace and amity. . Dr. Clark made religion popular with young people. He showed them how they might do religious work on their own initiative; and in their societies, in their committees and in their unions they learned how to organize and how to get things done. The spiritual side, however, was not forgotten, The Christian Endeavor meeting is a prayer meeting, and is held in the atmosphere of worship. In these days, when the family altar is fading away, Christian Endeavor, through its Quiet Hour, has put needed emphasis upon the necessity of feeding the spiritual life in private through prayer and meditation.

The influence of the life of Dr. Clark will live through many generations. While no monument may be erected to his memory, the living monument of his impress on the lives of the young people of the world abides. He was one of the best loved men in all the worldloved for his work's sake, and for the spirit of humility and Christlikeness that he manifested throughout his seventy-five years.

a Brahman Became a

The Story of Dr. Kali Charan ChattM'jee* BY THE LATE J. C. R. EWING, D.D., LL.D.

KALI CRARAN CHA'I'TERJEE was born as a Kulin Brah- man into a social rank second to none in Hindu society. As a winner of medals and prizes during his college course, and as teacher of English Literature, he might have attained eminence as a college professor; and as a devout Hindu he would have won the respect and reverence of his countrymen. In his childhood he lived with his aunt, a widow from her childhood, who devoted much of her time to memorizing the religious books of her faith, to prayer and almsgiving. She delighted to tell her little nephew the stories she had gathered from the Puranas, the Mahabharata and the Ramayana. At the age of eight he was invested with a sacred thread, called Upanayana, the symbol of the dwija, or twice born. Long years afterwards he referred to the profound impression made upon him by the ideas then emphasized that he should renounce the world and consider himself as the temple of the Divine Spirit, and that he should abstain from everything low and degrading. While a pupil of the Anglo- Vernacular High School, conducted by the C. iM. S. at Agarparah, Bengal, a distance of two miles from his father's house, he was greatly impressed by the life of the headmaster, B. Guru Charan Bose, and of one of the Christian teachers. He began to compare the life and character of the Lord Jesus Christ with those of the gods he had been taught to worship. He spent much time in the reading of the Mahabharata, the Ramayana, and the Puranas; and became greatly interested in contrasting their contents with those of the Bible. As a result of this study he soon arrived at the definite conviction that Jesus is indeed" holy, harmless and undefiled," adopted His precepts and made them the guiding principles of his life. He won the first place in the Scripture examination of the school, and received as a prize a beautifully bound copy of the Bible. Joining with three fellow students in the careful reading of this volume and in prayer that God might show them the light and guide them into His truth, this group of students of the Bible early became impressed by such passages as the following: He hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin that we might be made the righteousness of God in him.

Who his own self bare our sins in his own body on the tree (cross) that we being dead unto sin might live unto righteousness; by whose stripes we are healed.

He gave his life a ransom for many.

• Condensed from A Prince Of the Church in India: Being a Record of the life of the Rev. Kali Charan Chatterjee, D.D., for forty-eight years a missionary at Hoshiyarpur. Punjab; by J. C. R. Ewing, n.D., LL.D., late president of the Forman Chri~tian College. Published by the Fleming H. Revell Company, New York and London.

599

Of this group of seekers after light, Dr. Chatterjee in after years left this record: •Passages like these convinced us that Christ's death and sufferings were vicarious-He died for our sins and in our stead-so that it is not enough to receive Him as our Teacher and Guide, but also as our sin-offering to reconcile us to God. This doctrine became a stumblingblock in the path of our progress for a time, and we hesitated to accept it, feeling satisfied to follow Christ as our Guru and Leader. It was not until we carefully studied the fifth chapter of the Epistle to the Romans, especially verses twelve and eighteen, that all our hesitation was removed and we accepted Him in all His fullness as our Teacher and Saviour. We prayed over this discovery and thanked God for it. We determined to make an open profession of our faith in Christ."

At about this time a senior student of the school made public profession of his faith in Christ and was baptized. A strong persecution burst upon him. Driven from his home, separated from friends and relatives, he was at once esteemed an outcast from society and was abused and mocked wherever he went. The pressure put upon him was overwhelming and at last human weakness triumphed so that, abandoning the struggle, he recanted his faith in Christ and returned to Hinduism. The fall of his fellow student seriously disturbed the mind of young Chatterjee. The temptation came–which has assailed many-that he might remain a secret disciple and try to serve Christ, though nominally a Hindu. But the words of Christ could not be driven from his mind: "Whosoever shall confess me before men, him will I confess also before my Father who is in heaven; but whosoever shall deny me before men, him will I also deny before my Father who is in heaven."

Finally a public profession of faith was seen to be necessary. Baptism must be received at whatsoever cost. This was the mind of Christ and it must be fulfilled in a simple dependence upon His grace and power for that help without which even the strongest will surely fall. Realizing the serious nature of the many obstacles which would inevitably confront them in their determination to be baptized and: unite with the Christian Church, were it to be carried into effect at Agarparah, in the midst of acquaintances and relatives, the four young friends resolved to seek entrance to the Christian College in Calcutta. In the early part of 1854 they were admitted as students in the school department of the college and not long after this Kali Charan made known to his father his purpose to become a Christian and to be publicly baptized. At first the father could not believe in the seriousness of his son's intention, but when he came to recognize that his son had formed a definite purpose he became greatly troubled and solemnly warned him that if he took this step he would be cast out of his home and cut off from all his friends and relatives. No words can tell what sorrow and suffering these words cost the

927] WIHY A BRAHMAN BECAME A CHRISTIAN

heart of this young believer, but none of these things moved him and on the eighth of November, 1854, he was baptized by the Rev. David Ewart in the Free Church situated in Wellesley Street, Calcutta. His relations and friends cast him out from home and regarded him as dead and worse. Every purely worldly and human consideration would have led him to determine upon a life of hidden discipleship, but such a life cannot long be lived; in time it withers away.

The ability and diligence of Kali Charan during his college course was marked by his being awarded a silver medal for an essay on the best mode of carrying on female education, a prize for the best essay on the social characteristics of the Mahrattas, and also a mathematical prize for the best solutions of one hundred problems in Conic Sections, and still another for the highest proficiency in English history.

In October, 1860, one of his teachers, Dr. David Ewart, was stricken down by cholera. The entire student community was profoundly stirred. A group of Christian young men spent the night preceding the funeral by the body of their honoured and beloved teacher. It was to them a most solemn occasion, one on which more than one of them after' earnest heart-searching and prayer, solemnly dedicated themselves to the service of Christ. This was the first formal dedication on the part of Kali Charan of his life to missionary service. The solemn vow then taken was never throughout the long life that followed forgotten. Before the vow was made, God's Spirit seemed to impress upon his mind and heart words which he loved to quote as the basis and encouragement for all effort to win men to Christ: " Ye are not your own. For ye are bought with a price; therefore glorify God in your body and in JJO nr spirit, which are God's."

The life of Dr. Chatterjee is a record of the fulfilment of that solemn vow of dedication to the service of the Lord Jesus Christ. When offered by the Head of the Government Educational Department the post of headmaster in more than one high school he declined the offer upon the ground that he had resolved to serve God as a Christian teacher or preacher. When early in 1868 a call came to go as an evangelist to Hoshiyarpur Mr. and Mrs. Chatterjee felt it to be a summons not from the Missionary Society only, but from God Himself, and on March 4, 1868, they came to Hoshiyarpur, to use his own words, "fully consecrating themselves, their bodies and souls, to the Saviour of mankind, being determined to know nothing but Christ and Him crucified, and imploring the blessing of God upon their work." They so lived and so taught and so spread the knowledge of Christ throughout the Hoshiyarpur District that at the time of Dr. Chatterjee's retirement. from active supervision of Christian work in that district the Christian community numbered 3,106 persons, organized into five churches, scattered in 118 villages.

Dr. Chatterjee was held in the highest honor by all classes of the community. Sir William Mackworth Young, Lieutenant Gov-

ernor of the Punjab, 1897 to 1902, writes: "I had the privilege of Dr. Chatterjee's friendship from March 1869, when I was stationed at Hoshiyarpur; we became fast friends and remained such after we ceased to be near neighbors. He was one of the most attractive men I ever met. He always seemed to be the most perfect embodiment of Oriental Christianity known to me during my Indian experience."

In the year 1910, he was given the degree of Doctor of Divinity by the University of Edinburgh and later was elected moderator of the Presbyterian Church in India.

Dr. Kali Charan Chatterjee said: "It has often been asked why I renounced Hinduism and became a disciple of Christ. My answer is that I was drawn almost unconsciously to Christ by His holy and blameless life, his devotion to the will of God and His works of mercy and benevolence toward suffering humanity. The excellence of His precepts as given in the Sermon on the Mount and His love of sinners won my admiration and my heart. I admired and loved Him. The incarnations I had been taught to worship, Rama, Krishna, Mahadeo aml Kali were all incarnations of power-they were heroes, sinful men of like passions with ourselves. Christ only appeared to me as holy and worthy to be adored as God. But the doctrine which decided me to embrace the Christian religion and make a public profession of my faith was the doctrine of the vicarious death and sufferings of Christ. I felt myself a sinner and found in Christ one who had died for my sins-paid the penalty due to my sins. 'For by grace are ye saved through faith, and that not of yourselves, it is the gift of God.' 'Not of works lest any man should boast. '

"This was the burden of the thought of my heart, Christ has died, and, in doing so, paid' a debt which man could never pay. This conviction which has grown stronger and stronger with my growth in Christian life and experience has now (1910) become a part of my life. It is the differentiating line between Christianity and all other religions. I felt it so when I became a Christian, and feel it most strongly now. A God all mercy is a God unjust continues to be my creed to this day."

This message of God sending the Lord Jesus Christ into the world to pour out His life unto death on the cross for our sins won the heart of Kali Charan Chatterjee and constrained him to become His disciple openly. He judged that if Christ gave up His life for him he should not henceforth live for himself but for Him who so loved him. He felt that it was not enough to remain a secret disciple, or even openly praise Christ as a great Teacher, or as a holy Prophet, but he must come to Him as a great Saviour able to deliver him from the penalty of sin and its power in his heart and life.

It Is Difficult to Lead Moslems

Christ *-11 BY REV. E. M. WHERRY, D.D. Formerly a Presbyterian Missionary in India In the second chapter of Dr. Zwemer's book, the author refutes the statements of these modern champions of Islam, who deny the deadly penalty visited on apostates from Islam. The following passages from the Koran are mentioned: Chap. IX: 90, "Take ye not patrons from among them (unbelievers) until they too fight in God's way; but if they turn their backs, then seize them wheresoever ye find them, and take from them neither patron nor help."

"0 ye who believe, whoso is turned away from his religion-God will bring (instead) a people whom He loves and who loves Him, lowly to believers, lofty to unbelievers" …… (v. 59).

The commentator, Baidhawi, says on the first passage: "Whosoever turns back from his belief openly or secretly, take him and kill him wheresoever ye find him, like any other infidel. Separate yourself from him altogether. Do not accept intercession in his regard."

Many Moslem authorities are quoted to show that the Koran imposes the death penalty upon all apostates. The many volumes of Mohammedan tradition teach the same doctrine concerning apostates.

"Whosoever departs from Islam …… let him be cut off or crucified or destroyed from the earth."

Al Bukhari says: "Whosoever changes his religion kill him."

In the face of such plain teaching of both the Koran and the Traditions, the Moslems of the Ahmadiya Sect in Britain, with headquarters in Woking, circulated a paper in the House of Commons dealing with apostasy in Islam in which the following paragraph occurs: "In the days of the prophet all the reliable records of his life are silent on the subject. There were many apostates doubtless, but no one was punished, for it is, and has ever been the watchword of Islam, that there shan be no compulsion in religion."

The author shows from history the absurdity of such claims. He further quotes passages from the laws of Islam showing the disabilities of converts from Islam. The convert's brothers are forbidden to give him help of any kind-forbidden to buy an animal slaughtered by him; to sell him wood from which a crucifix: might be made, or copper from which bells could be cast; to alienate a house in order that it may be used as a church. A Moslem is forbidden to lend or hire to a convert the services of a slave or an animal to ride. He is forbidden to give his personal services to a Christian • Second part of a review of "The Law of Apostasy in Islam,'1 by Samuel Y. Zwemer. Marshall Brothers. Lt. London and New' York.

603

without payment. A Christian may not bear witness against a Moslem, though the Moslem may bear witness against a Christian. No Moslem can be put to death for the murder of a Christian. No Moslem woman may marry a Christian. Difference of religion bars inheritance. Besides these there are many other disabilities.

Under pressure by the ambassadors of England, France, Russia, and Prussia, the Sultan of Turkey on March 21,1844, gave a written pledge that "The Sublime Porte engages to take effectual measures to prevent, henceforward, the persecution and putting to death of the Christian who is an apostate." Two days later Abdul Medjid, in a conference with Sir Stratford, gave assurance "that henceforward neither shall Christianity be insulted in my dominions, nor shall Christians be in any way persecuted for their religion."

Later history shows, how futile were all these promises. rrhe persecution and slaughter of the Nestorian and Armenian Christians upon one pretext and another make clear the fact that religious liberty does not exist under Turkish rule. The Turk says, "There is the fullest liberty for the Armenian to become a Catholic, for the Greek to become an Armenian, for the Catholic and the Armenian to become Greeks, for anyone of them to become Protestant, or for all to become Mohammedans; there is the fullest and completest religious liberty for all the subjects of this Empire."

In response to the question, "How about liberty for the Mohammedan to become a Christian ~" he replied, "That is an impossibility in the nature of the case. When one has once accepted Islam and become a follower of the Prophet, he cannot change. There is no power on earth that can change him. Whatever he may say or claim cannot alter the fact that he is a Moslem still and must always be such. It is therefore an absurdity to say that a Moslem has the privilege of changing his religion, for to do so is beyond his power."

The law of apostasy is still in vogue. Any Mohammedan who embraces Christianity thereby forfeits the protection of Islam and the sentence of death is upon him and in any Mohammedan country he would be put to death unless he succeeded in making his escape into another country.

When earnest souls are persuaded of the truth of Christianity many dare to receive baptism and thereby openly confess their faith in Jesus Christ as their Lord and Saviour. Interesting and intensely thrilling as these stories are, I must forego the narration, for want of space, of more than one or two.

"The story of Henry Martyn's earliest Moslem convert is an illustration of the swift application of mutilation according to the law of apostasy: 'Sabat and A<bdulIah, two Arabs of notable pedigree, becoming friends, resolved to travel together. After a visit to Mecca they went to Cahul, where Abdullah entered the service of Zeman Shah, the famous Ameer. There an Armenian lent him

WHY IT IS DIFFICULT TO LEAD MOSLEMS TO CHRIST-II

the Arabic Bible. He became a Christian and fled for his life to Bokhara. Sabat had preceded him there and at once recognized him on the street. 'I had no pity,' said Sabat afterwards, 'I delivered him up to Murad Shah, the King. He was offered his life if he would abjure Christ. He refused. Then one of his hands was cut off, and again he was pressed to recant. He made no answer, but looked up steadily towards heaven, like Stephen, the first martyr, his eyes streaming with tears. He looked at me, but it was with the countenance of forgiveness. His other hand was then cut off. But he never changed, and when he bowed his head to receive the blow of death, all Bokhara seemed to say, "What new thing is this ~'" Remorse drove Sabat to long wanderings, in which he came to Madras, where the Government gave him the office of mufti, or expounder of the law of Islam in the civil courts. At Vizagapatam he fell in with a copy of the Arabic New Testament as revised by Solomon Negri, and sent out to India in the middle of last century by the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. He compared it with the Koran; the truth fell on him 'like a flood of light,' and he sought baptism in Madras at the hands of the Rev. Dr. Kerr. He was named Nathaniel. He was then twenty-seven years of age. When the news reached his family in Arabia his brother set out to destroy him, and, disguised as an Asiatic, wounded him with a dagger.

"It is the same story in Arabia, Turkey, Afghanistan, Persia, Algeria, India-no mercy for the apostate and no equality or liberty for Christian minorities."

Dr. Zwemer has demonstrated the truth of his claim that the Moslem law of apostasy is the strongest deterrent to the open confession of a Moslem inquirer that he is a Christian. Undoubtedly the dread of persecution and death keeps many a man from even seriously contemplating such an act. The prospect of losing wife and children more than physical pain keeps men and women within the Moslem fold: The claim of the Ahmadiyas that no punishment is ever inflicted for apostasy is absolutely false.

There are other obstacles in the way of the Moslem, who may be intellectually sure that Christianity is the true religion-racial and social prejudices and even hatred of Moslems by native Christians, and suspicion of motive, born of long periods of Mohammedan tyranny. Perhaps no one has run through a narrower gauntlet of criticism and question, in order to test motive for seeking baptism than the Moslem inquirer. The serious struggle to cut loose from the social and family ties, the danger of becoming an apostate with its sentence of death, which may be executed by any Moslem zealot, who would travel hundreds of miles to accomplish his purpose, the possible loss of wife and children and property; all these united account for the general high standard of the converts from Islam in the Christian Church.

One School Closed in China

BY THE AMERICAN TEACHER The pupils in this school range in age from about ten to fourteen. For obvious reasons the name of the writer of this article and the location of the school are withheld.

E ARLY in December the Anti's began to get in their deadly work. I was utterly unprepared for the destructive policy which the Southern Army has encouraged, or, at least, allowed.

The :first time our own walls were placarded with posters showing what a menace we were to society I felt badly about it, and when ill-mannered students rushed in the compound, putting posters on our blackboards and walls, I went after them, tearing them down and removing those on the outside walls. But when I found that none of the pupils paid any attention to their absurd accusations I let them alone.

The three menaces to our peace were the Teachers' Union, the Servants.' Union and the Students' Union. Such pressure was brought on all sides, that, for a brief space, the loyalty of the teachers seemed to waver. They came to ask whether I allowed them to join the union. If I said yes I was practically committing myself to follow the rules of the union, while if I said no I was being "imperialistic." So I was diplomatic and replied that they were perfectly free to join any society, so long as it did not interfere with school duties.

"But if we join the union what will you do about its rules f"

To that I replied that I could not be responsible for any rules that were incompatible with a Christian institution, and that if any such were presented to me I would either disregard them or close the school. The next day the teachers told me that they had carefully considered the matter, and had decided not to join the union.

The Servants ' Union had become both insolent and impossible in its demands, but fortunately both the school and house servants were loyal. The house cook said, "Why, we couldn't strike; we are all one family." .

The school servants sent me a message through the matron to the effect that I could promise the union anything it asked, and then pay them anything I pleased. They said they had always been treated both justly and kindly in the school, and they had every confidence that such treatment would continue.

The pupils seemed happy and contented and we said to ourselves, day by day, "Now, if the Students' Union will only let us alone, we ask for nothing more." One day I was called out of class by an excited and zealous "From The Spirit Of Missions. 606 Ohinese friend who offered to take us away in her automobile, because she had heard that a gang was coming to kill the foreign staff before six 0 'clock that evening. Another day I had been called out to stop the elopement of one of my favorite girls with a man who already had two wives living, and who neither needed nor deserved another. And on another day (this was all within one week) I was sent for because one of the girls was trying to commit suicide, as she was afraid the school would not open next term, and that she could not endure life without the school!

But things like that are all in the day's work and as, in spite of having declined the joy ride, we were not slaughtered, and as the elopement was squashed and the would-be suicide survived, we felt that life was treating us very well!

Then, ten days before school closed, the deluge came. Three pert young men from the Students' Union, claiming that they had the sanction and authority of the Government back of them, came down upon us and we were helpless in their hands. I was obliged to call the school together and listen in mortification to this glib young mail as he told his distorted tale.

He said that he had no objection to missionaries, but that foreign governments had always used them as decoys to gain a footing in Ohina, and then as a pretext for stealing Ohinese territory; that they were responsible for all the poverty in Ohina because they had introduced manufactured goods into the country and driven out hand work; that pupils must no longer be slaves, but must rise and organize; that no one had any right to impose any rules upon them, so if there was anything in the school to which they objected, whether as to discipline, curriculum or fees, they need only mention it to the Students' Union and all would be changed!

He then proceeded to organize the pupils and presented his demands. Every objection that I raised only served to bring out a fresh tirade. As, for instance, when I suggested that certain things ought to be referred to parents for their decision he turned on me in a burst of anger and said, "You do not seem to understand that now we are all free and equal and parents have no authority over us!"

So I decided to practice nonresistance to the nth degree; and to the surprise, and somewhat to the consternation of the pupils, I said" Yes" to everything he asked! We had finished all our Scripture courses for the term, including the final reviews; and to the credit of the pupils be it said that they showed no inclination to take advantage of their newly acquired so-called" freedom. " He not only demanded a holiday in honor of the arrival of Gen. Ohiang Kai Shek, but came around that morning to see that they got it! .

This incident decided me that it would be the height of folly to attempt to reopen the sehool. In spite of flood, famine and war we

had had an average attendance for the year of two hundred and sixtythree; our fees had amounted to $11,400 (Mexican); we had had a confirmation class of sixteen; our Chinese staff of teachers was the best we had ever had; patrons were most anxious for the continuance of the school; and owing to the paucity of girls' schools in this center the community could ill afford to lose us. I was willing to carryon under almost any circumstances, but not under the domination of the Students' Union which is determined to make our schools both anti-educational and anti-Christian.

CHINESE COLPORTEURS AND BANDITS O NE of our Chinese Christian colporteurs in his travels met eight different bands of robbers. One of the band leaders asked him, "What is your business ~" He replied, "I am working for Jesus, spreading His Gospel, I tell good news of great joy and the way to happiness. "

The bandit leader immediately replied: "What business do you think I am engaged in Y" "I cannot guess," said the colporteur. " I am a true robber," said the man. "We kill the rich in order to assist the poor" (Sa Fu Dji Pin).

This motto with the following ones, were written on their red flags in white eharaeters. "Praetiee righteousness- as a substitute for Heaven." (Ti Tien Hiring Tao). "Dark and gloomy world" (Ming Ming Kien Kuen). "Bright, blue sky" (uJ.ng Lang Ching Tien).

These bandits inquire :from poor peasants where the rich people live, how much property and money they possess and then kidnap the rich and hold them for a ransom. As a result: practically all the well-todo people from the country villages have deserted their property and homes and have fled to the walled cities :for protectkm.

At another time when our colporteur met a band of robbers, he said to them, "If you follow me you will spread the Gospel and enjoy happiness." The robber leader did not respond but invited him to an elaborate meal in a first class inn. After the meal the colporteur presented him with a gospel portion and some tracts and they each went their way.

At another time the colporteur was asked, "What books do you sell Y" He replied, "I sell books containing stories of present and future happiness. I also sell the 'Book of Beginnings'" (Genesis). The robber replied, "Give me a Book of the Beginnings for myself and fifty-three copies on 'Happiness' for my band-members." The colporteur gave him the books, and received one thousand cash.

Two Bible-women traveling on a wheelbarrow from one village to another were met by a band of robbers but were not disturbed. They had learned the secret of perfect trust in the Master and prayed while traveling. The village people were greatly astonished at their bravery and when they learned that Christian faith and prayer had kept them in safety, they begged the women to stay in their village and teach them about the Saviour of Faith and Prayer, the One who is able to save. Thus the door of opportunity was opened for the Message of Salvation in this village and today many are daily studying the blessed Word.

O. BRASKAMP, Ichowfu, China.

A Chinese Recommendation as to

A THOUGHTFUL article appears in The West Chi'IUJ Missionary News, written by Mr. Leung Siu Choh, General Secretary of the Canton Y. M. C. A., and Chairman of the Kwangtung Divisional Council of the Church of Christ in China. Mr. Leung begins with a recognition of the indebtedness of the Chinese people to Christian missions and missionaries, for bringing the Gospel of the Kingdom. The Chinese Church could not have come into existence, nor could she have reached the present stage of development if it had not been due to the untiring efforts that missionaries have put forth.

Reviewing the stages of development in missionary work he calls attention to three stages: (1) The Pioneer Stage, "when there was no native Church, and the missions at work had to be the whole thing."

(2) The Tra.nsitio'n Stage, "when missions and churches are parallel to one another. The Native Church is beginning to be self-conscious and wanting to be doing things herself."

(3) The Established Stage, "when the Chinese Church has been well established. In contrast with the first stage, the Chinese Church, instead of following, must now take the lead. The Chinese workers, instead of considering themselves as mere helpers to the missionaries, must possess. the sense of ownership and responsibility for the Christian movement in China."

He gives the reasons for concluding that "the present time is nearly ripe for the final stage of development. " In the light of the facts as he sees them he makes several suggestions.

I. "It seems to me that the time has now come when the missions and missionaries might well consider the question of reorganizing themselves on a different basis so that the missions and the Chinese Church will hereafter not appear as two parallel organizations, and that all activities, initiated, maintained and financed by the missions should be expressed only through the Chinese Church. This means the recognition of the Chinese Church as the chief center of responsibility, the transfer of the responsibility now attached to the missions to the Chinese Church, the willingness of the missions to function only through the Chinese Church, and the willingness of the individual missionaries to function as officers of the Church, and no longer as mere representatives of the Mission Boards, who are entirely beyond the control of the Chinese Church."

II. A second suggestion is: "That the Chinese Church, through the highest Ohurch Council, should be encouraged and given the privilege to deal with the Mission Boards in matters of mutual interest, so that a closer fellowship, and a more direct relationship between the Chinese Church and the churches in the.West could be established. At the present time the missions do all this for the Chinese Church."

III. "That such things as determination of policies of work; allocation of Chinese workers as well as missionaries to various fields; the appropriation of funds from Chinese sources, as well as from Mission Boards; the official presentation of appeals to the Mission Board for help; and the holding of property in trust, should be placed under the complete control of the Chinese Church, through the highest Church CounciL"

IV. With reference to the standing of the missionaries in the Chinese Church, Mr. Leung Siu Choh says: "1 think they ought to be treated equally as the Chinese workers. They could be elected to the highest office, on the 609 4

highest Church Council, just as any Chinese worker might be elected, without any distinction."

V. With regard to the question of mission funds, "the salaries, allowances, personal expense and residence accounts of the missionaries should be handled either by the Mission Boards direct or through a mission treasurer on the field, but kept entirely apart from the rest of the mission funds." On the other hand, "Whatever financial help the Mission Board would be ready to give to the Chinese Church in the form of a subsidy should be turned over to the Chinese Church Council for appropriations."

These suggestions suffice to show how the mind of the Chinese Church is moving in these days, and they will stimulate prayer for all concerned that this movement of thought, with all it may involve in the way of change, may be directed and controlled by the Holy Spirit of God of whom the Founder and Head of the Church spake saying: "Howbeit when He, the Spirit of 'l'ruth, is come, He shall guide you into all the truth."

HOW MRS. YI FOUNDED CHURCHES BY REV. F. S. MILLER, CHUNGJU, KOREA T HE wealthy Yi family used to rule these villages with a rod of iron. They owned all the land the villagers farmed and all on which their thatched roof cottages stand. To disobey meant to move and find farmland elsewhere-a very difficult undertaking in an over-populated country.

When uprisings and wars occur, the wealthy families of Korea are apt to flee to Seoul with their treasures. On one of these visits the mother of this family came into contact with Christianity and was baptized in one of the Presbyterian churches in Seoul. She was a strongminded woman or she could not have overcome the restraints of her self-willed husband who burnt her Bibles and hymn books every time he discovered them.

He brought her from Seoul to this village, probably to get her away from Christianity but she started a church here and asked me to take charge of it. Among the attendants were the wife of the old gentleman's brother and her household women. The Christians raised money to build a church, but the old man was determined that no church should be built in his village. He moved to a countyseat fifteen miles away and she started another church there.

Later her husband heard that his son was allowing the Christians to hold meetings in the old homestead and, old and weak as he was, he called chairmen, came home, and threatened to disown the son if he allowed it again. So the Christians built a church in a village a mile away, where the son was teaching a village school for the improvement of his neighborhood.

A few years later the old man died. Since then the church has been meeting on the porch of the old gentleman's house because the church that was built is so far away. Soon the Christians expect to move the church to this Village.

The shrine in which the old Confucianist kept his ancestral tablets stands empty and neglected back of our Christian meeting place and hears the prayers that are replacing ancestral worship in the Far East. The old lady has gone to her reward where she can worship God without slipping away after her husband has gone to sleep. She has left three little groups of Christians, all with church buildings.

Evacuation of Szechuan

BY REV. GEO. W. SPARLING, CHENGTU, WEST CHINA President of West China Union University W HEN one begins to describe conditions in any part of China he must make it clear that what he is stating applies at a particular time and may not hold after a few months have elapsed. China is in a state of transformation and some of the changes come very rapidly so that what is said today may not be true after a few weeks have gone by.

For the past year, a great many people have considered Szechuan Province unsafe for foreign residents, especially for women and children. Pressure was constantly brought to bear upon the missionaries by the consuls of America and Great Britain to have all women and children leave for the ports of the lower Yangtse. But moving meant depleting the band of workers and it was only after nearly a year of urging that evacuation began.

The unsettled conditions were due to the civil war which has been raging here periodically for several years and which has increased in intensity in Eastern China during the past few months. As long as it continues, there is little hope of any improvement in the province in respect to safety and comfort.

It was decided that all missionaries should be withdrawn temporarily and at the end of January the exodus commenced. In one month all but a mere handful of the five hundred or more missionaries of this province had left for Shanghai. This has been a very difficult experience for our missionaries and a very severe shock to the work. This will also be a testing time for our young Chinese Christians. We have been trying for some time to put larger responsibility on the Chinese, but now suddenly conditions are forcing the Chinese to take authority. It has been very gratifying to see the earnest and determined way in which they have set themselves to the task. In almost every case when the missionary was about to leave the Christian people promised to be true to the trust and to put forth their best effort to continue the work. In three or four places mobs have entered the property, and have looted and those in charge have been forced to leave, but when appeal has been made to the authorities orders have been issued that church, school and hospital property must be protected. The new Nationalist Government has also issued orders that there must be no violence or misappropriation of church property.

A new era in church work is coming in this province, an era which will see the work centering in the Chinese Christian body rather than in the missionary. During the past years the mission- 611

ary has had almost the full authority in all matters. But such a day has gone. The past few decades of missionary work have resulted ill the raising up of many capable and well-trained Chinese Christian leaders, both workers and laymen, and our hope for the future rests in them and in God. The absenee of the missionaries will reveal the reliable and trustworthy elements of the Church and will demonstrate both the weaknesses and the strength of our Christian body.

The Chinese offieials and people are everywhere friendly and there seems to be less anti-foreign feeling than a few months ago. The necessity for insisting continually on the rights of religious liberty is bringing home the people both inside and outside of the Church the nature of our work and is revealing the fact that the Church is solely a spiritual institution. 'rhe present movement in Ohina has spiritual significance and we believe will be reflected in the strengthening and deepening of the life of our Ohinese Ohristians. God rules in the affairs of nations and we believe that we shall yet see Him using the Christian Ohurch as the great moral and spiritual guide of this people.

What Pioneer Work Is Like in China A LCttC1" tram, a Presbytcria.n Missionary in Yttnnan YUAN KIANG, YUNNAN, OHINA, Feb. 23, 1927.

My DEAR FRIEND: T HE Oampbells were in l1osha their first year, then went to Yunnanfu to study Ohinese. Three weeks ago they came to this place, where we are making our headquarters, and moved into the -two little rooms put up for the many sick that come to us. They have three children, just as young as they can be, but they are nice children. Being young people and having so many things to get used to and not having a house to go into, we think they are made of good stuff. Real houses are going up but they are not done by a good bit though they were started a year ago.

We are glad to be offered $5,000 gold for a real hospital for this station. There are not huge cities here but we need a small hospital. You ought to see the patients we have these days! Yesterday a crowd of eleven came in from the mountains and last month we had four groups like that. They are beginning to know that we are here. Some we can help a lot but others are hopeless. The day after Mr. Oampbell and Dr. Park left, a man was earried in on another man's back. The patient was carrying a pony load of tea and fell and broke his leg. Mrs. Oampbell is a trained nurse and fixed the leg in good shape, but the fellow got tired of the splint and took the things off. She was quite put out. A woman with a neek full of pus pockets came

1927J WHAT PIONEER WOHK IS LIKE IN CHINA

in and we took care of her. Of course there are many eye cases. All the nineteen patients are sleeping under two old tents. One you would not call a tent, I am sure. We hear that the Hunan missionaries are requested to move out, but we know of no trouble in our little station though Yunnanfu is unsettled most of the time.

Our eleven year daughter, Wilma, is to go to the States this summer. We do not talk or think of whether we shall like it or not but we know that it must be. She will be quite able to take care of herself although she wi1l go home with Miss Moninger of Hainan.

Our work is very interesting these days. This village has had THE PARK SHACK-"OUR REAL HOME IS IN THE BUILDING"

three new interested families this year and two other families in another village. In a new place we were invited to go and start four households on the right road but by the time we got through there were fourteen. 'We went to the village and were asked to go to a house. We always gather at the family table and ask if the household want to throwaway all of their spirits. We then sing a couple of songs and tell them what we come to teach and then pray. They have heard that we put our heads down and that seems to tickle them a good bit. After the prayer we write the names of all in the house and then ask the people to show us where the spirit doings are. They take us to the kitchen first where the corner has a low bamboo screen two feet high. On top of this screen are the jaw bones of all of the pigs

that have been killed to feed the spirits. In one house we found twenty-one jaw bones. Then there are wine dishes, rice-bowls and baskets, leaves, incense sticks, and woven things at the windows. All houses have a spirit that looks after the rice. There is not a clean thing to be found.

At the new village we were taken out to the tree spirts, a thing that I had never seen before. The people themselves took straw out and went to five trees and burned the straw at the trunk where there were tied pieces of string. One home had two old people who had married their daughter to a man she did not like so she hanged herself in the house. They took her spirit to a tree and feed it there. ",Ve had no idea how many homes were. interested, but as we got through at one place some one would ask us to go to his house. It took two days. On Sunday we were on our way to the meeting place when a woman called from her house-top that we had not been there. Our throats were so tired.

In one place there was a spirit woman. The people said that they would get rid of all but the spirit of the medium. After we thought every thing had been taken out in baskets to the front door and burned, the people of the house told us to go to another building to take down more things used to help cure the sick.

The people are most friendly. A group of people down the river two days want us to go and teach them. When Dr. Park comes back from Mosha we hope to find some one who will go down and stay and teach. Most of these Christians know nothing of the Bible so they must be taught as small children.

There are about two hundred cattle in the village but none have ever been milked. The bullocks are used for work but the cows are never used for any thing except to eat at funerals. We found one that had her little calf stolen from her last night so we got the people to let us have her for milk for the children.

There is so much for us to think of out here that we can not keep up with things at home. We could easily use some of the money that is used in America for pleasure. I wish that people at home would understand it but they never will.

Your friend in China, MARIE PARK.

(Mrs. Ohas. E.) In an address delivered in New York City, Thomas R. Marshall, when Vice-President of the United States, said, "The early home missionaries and evangelists have done more to set this country right than all the Congresses of the United States."

History Test for

Prepared by BeUe M. Brain, Schenectady, N. Y.

WHAT IS YOUR SCORE?

T HE following twenty questions may be used to test your knowledge of missionary history. Grade yourself and your friends by the percentage of correct replies. Twenty correct answers score 100 per cent, ten correct answers 50 per cent, and so on. The answers will be found on page 638. Do not consult them until you have tried to answer the questions.. You will be interested to discover your score.

1. Who was called "The Mother of a Thousand Daughters" in Ceylon?

2. What converted Jew became a famous Bible translator in China?

3. When Adoniram Judson was asked concerning the prospects of mission work in Burma, what did he reply Y 4. Who discovered Kilimanjaro, the great snow-capped mountain peak in Equatorial Africa?

5. Who was the inventor of the Cree Syllabic Alphabet by means of which many Indians were easily taught to read the Bible?

6. Who is said to have opened the zenanas of India" at the point of an embroidery needle" Y 7. What was the first Protestant king to originate and support a mission to foreign lands T 8. What famous colonial family engaged in missionary work for the American Indians through five successive generations, from 1646 to 18061 9. Who was the first Protestant missionary to Japan 1 10. Why is Erromanga called" The Martyr Isle" ¥ 11. What notable building occupies the site of the Old Slave Market in Zanzibar which was closed in June, 1873, one month after the death of David Livingstone at IlaIa 1 12. Whose first task on reaching the mission field was burying the heads, hands and feet of eighty victims of a cannibal feast T 13. What Austrian nobleman of the 17th century renounced his rank, gave up his estates, and went as a missionary to Surinam? 14. Who invented a system of characters in China by means of which the blind can easily be taught to read T 15. What English missionary laid the foundations of Christian civilization in Germany? 16. Who wrote "From Greenland's Icy Mountains," said to be the greatest of all missionary hymns? 17. Who founded the first Christian college for women in Asia 7 18. Whose memorial tablet bears this inscription: "When he landed in 1848, there were no Christians here; when he left, in 1872, there were no heathen" f 19. Whose last act, before martyrdom in China, was to tear off the hem of her dress and bind up the bleeding head of a boy in the crowd T 20. Why did the children of the Tuscarawas Valley in Ohio decorate the grave of David Zeisberger, Moravian missionary to the Indians, on the lOOth anniversary of his "laying away" in God's Aere at Goshen T 615

Woman's Home and Foreign

FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS AND COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 419 FOURXH AVE., NEW YORK AND FLORENCE E. QUINLA.N, 105 EAST 22ND ST., NEW YORK WORLD DAY OF PRAYER FOR the reign of Jesus Christ in the live~ MISSIONS of men, women, children and na- Mrs. S. S. Hough, Chairman of the Joint tions? Surely brotherhood and world- Committee on Day of Prayer for MissiollR, mindedness will displace race prejuhas kindly compiled this issne of the Bul- dice and all sense of race superiority, letin.-Tlte Editor8. for when people pray together they On March 4, 1927, for the first learn to love each other and peace is time, women and girls of every race ushered in.

and color, speaking many languages Beginning and Growth and scattered in countries the wide The beginning of the Day of world around, were united in a great Prayer for Missions and early devel- fellowship of intercession in behalf of opments are shrouded by time and Christ's work in the world. The fol- definite data has not been procurable.

lowing excerpts, culled from personal The March, 1887, issue of the Home and unsolicited letters, indicate wide- Mission Monthly tells of the setting spread and enthusiastic participation apart of "the third Wednesday of everywhere. We wish space would Mayas the annual day of prayer for permit us to quote from many more. woman's work for Home Missions,"

These voluntary testimonies prove and calls the attention of officers of that this interdenominational inter- Synodical, Presbyterial and local so- racial service can be successfully car- cieties to this fact, asking that special ried out in small towns and rural dis- meetings be held at 3 p. m. Thus, tricts as well as in large metropolitan apparently, was begun denomina- centers where frequently simultane- tional observance by the women of the ous meetings are held in different Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. It is parts of the city. They also prove said that Mrs. Darwin R. .James was that young girls and little children responsible for inaugurating this can be enlisted in a meeting to pray day.

for and with others just as enthusi- It has not been possible to obtain asticaHy as they share in meetings information as to whether other de- with spectacular features. nominations preceded, or whether Letters from different parts of the denominational observance of a Day world indicate that plans are already of Prayer for Foreign Missions goes under way for a much wider observ- back to an earlier date. Recollection ance on February 24, 1928. Who can of one prominent leader places the estimate what God will do when the origin of interdenominational observ- Christian women, girls and children anCe of a Day of Prayer for Foreign of the world-red, yellow, black, Missions "back in the 1890's in con- brown and white-women of varying nection with the old Triennial Con- grades of culture, education and op- ference of Women's Boards of portunity, but all loving the same Foreign Missions" j another says, "be- Father and Saviour-kneel, not in tween 20 and 25 years ago" j others separate racial groups, but together, that "Mrs. Henry W_ Peabody and before a common Father to pray for Mrs_ William A. Montgomery thought each other and to pray together for of the matter and started the ma- 616 chinery a year or so after the Jubilee use during the months preceding the meetings-about 1911."" observance. For the 1927 observance, a retreat was also printed for the cor- Fifty Golden Years, just published porate use of leaders in spiritual by the Baptism women, tells of the preparation for the public meetings. origin of the interdenominational Day of Prayer for Home Missions: "The Realizing that many in other large first interdenominational Day of national women's organizations are Prayer was observed in 1897. At this also church women and interested in time, the Society entered into an missions, in 1926 and 1927 letters were agreement with the representatives cf sent to the presidents of the American the Congregational, Methodist, Pres- Association of University Women, byterian and other denominations to General Federation of Women'8 observe annually the last Thursday in Clubs, National Board, Y. W. C. A., j<-'ebruary as a day of humiliation and ~ational League of Women Voters, prayer. In accordance with the rule National Women's Christian Temthat the programs were to be prepared perance Union, National Women';; by the denominations in turn in Trade Union League, inviting particialphabetical order, the Baptist So- pation of members and organizations ciety prepared the first program." in the observance. Cordial coopera- tion was manifested by several of Later, interdenominational observance for foreign missions occurred an- these organizations. nually on Friday in the January Week of Prayer and the observance Only a few of the hundreds of for home missions in connection with places-large and small, urban and Home Mission Week in November. rural-all over the United States that These separate days continued until have been heard from in connection 1919 when the first Friday in Lent with the ]927 observance may be here was selected for the annual united cited. observance, the first being on IFebruary 20, 1920. That same year Cana- Typical of many statements are the dian women began interdenomina- following: From OhiO': "Weare all tional observance and, two years later, looking forward to a greater year in joined with the United States in ob- our missionary work the coming year serving the same day. on account of our spiritual help on the Day of Prayer for Missions"; A joint committee representing the from a Long Island, New York, town: Federation of Woman's Boards of "It was a beautiful service, most in- Foreign Missions of North America spiring and uplifting. At the close and the Council of Women for Home of the hour and a half, we were re- Missions plans the material which is luctant to depart. The Spirit of God jointly printed by the two organiza- was apparent; many expressed themtions. In 1920, 50,000 programs were selves as desirous of having similar used. Each year has shown increase, meetings more often' , ; from New as the following figures indicate: .Jersey: "There was a very fine spirit 1921, 63,000; 1922, 75,400; 1923, manifest and we think the prime pur- 79,700; ] 924, 90,000; ] 925, 102,000; pose of the meeting was realized-in- ] 926, 111,900; 1927, 179,000. tercommunion in prayer of groups, some of whom rarely step outside Each year a Call to Prayer has been their own confines" ; and Iowa: printed on a small card and used in "While I feel that lots of good was quantities frequently greater than the done and each one present went away program. For 1927 the card included wanting to do more for missions than a weekly Cycle of Prayer for daily she had ever done before, I think one of the greatest blessings was the meet- * Reliable information in regard to the be- ing together of the different women ~inning or early observances of either inter- who are working for the same thing denominational day will be appreciated. When but who never get together to get acwriting either editor, please state deftnite source of information.

quainted with each other. Each so- a quarter of an hour each day at 7 ciety will push forward feeling that a a. m. for over one half a year precedgreat army is working with them." ing the day.

Frequently the organization of a Beginning in faith that it could be local Council of Church Women re- done even in a rural communitv with sults from observance of the Day of widely scattered churches, one society Prayer for Missions, as Lansing, in eastern Pennsylvania decided to Michigan, witnesses: "We had seven- try it. The womep. of five missionary teen different organizations representing eight different denominations rep- societies and two churches with no resented on the program, all of the societies were enlisted. More than 150 churches in our small city and also all attended the meeting, which was one of the country churches near by. The ofthe most impressive ever held in the service was well attended and a very community. Result: special missionwonderful spirit of devotion and con- ary programs in the Sunday school secration was felt. At the luncheon table we effected a permanent organi- of a church which never before was zation and everyone is agreed that interested in missions. this day must be kept every year." A rural community in Ohio with A town in Indiana tells of inviting the clerks and all business women and five churches of different denominagirls to the luncheon held between ses- tions held a union meeting, each siQUs. At Raleigh, Norih Carolina, denomination having part on the prom., there was a service at 3: 30 and an- gram. Out of the spirit of this meet- ing was born a missionary society in other at 5 p. the latter for business women primarily. Unfortunately one of the churches which heretofore a very deep snow prevented large at- was indifferent to missions. tendance but "both services were a benediction to all present. " Roanoke, Virginia, reports "a won- derful prayer service in which all de- Each community adapts its plan and program to meet the local situa- nominations joined, including some tion or needs. A small city in Jews. The morning meeting was held Indiana reports that all shut-ins were in one of the white churches and the visited in the morning before the afternoon session in the colored meeting. In New York City several church, both races joining in both simultaneous meetings were held in services. It was decided to hold such each borough, totaling more than a an interdenominational prayer service dozen meetings. The morning family every fifth Friday." prayers daily broadcasted over WEAF were that day led by Mrs. Waterloo, Iowa, reports over 500 John Ferguson, President of the present at their all-day prayer meet- Council of Women for Home Missions. ings. For weeks afterward the women At Alexandria, Virginia, a meeting were still talking of the "beautiful, ,was held at 10: 30 a. m. in a hotel and in the afternoon at a Home for the helpful day" they had together. One Aged, while Clifton Springs, New Catholic young woman who was pres- York, held its meeting in the Sanit~rium chapel attended by representa- ent said she was "almost transported tIves from the Sanitarium and the during the Retreat." All meetings of three village churches. church organizations were called off for that day and all united in this one Erie, Pennsylvania, feels that the service. "delightful service" was in large part due to the prayers of the Executive From a town in Illinois comes this Committee of the local Federation for word: "All the churches were rep- re~ented, Methodist Episcopal, Cath- ohc, Evangelical, Lutheran, Congre- gational. An interdenominational committee has been formed composed of one from each church."

Jefferson, Iowa, writes: "We ar- ranged club programs and so forth so as not to conflict and were rewarded

WOMAN '8 HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

as there were no other meetings, so- but with a glance at the need of the cial or otherwise, in Jefferson. We whole world, has come a new vision had a good crowd and splendid meet- of the privilege and power of ing. " prayer. "

A correspondent from Pennsyl- "We at Koohi were glad to join in vania writes: "The World Day of the world-wide prayer circle. We fol- Prayer for Missions was an interdenominational celebration with a con- lowed the suggestions and had a tinuous service from 3 p. m. until prayer meeting for all the world. We 8: 30, broken by box luncheon and could not but emphasize the needs of round table discussions. The denomi- China, and God's faithful children national feeling in this section is quite intense; a pastor's wife who has there. And we were thankful that served congregations for thirty-five many were praying at the same time years, said t.hat this was the first interdenominational meeting she ever for this country so much in need of attended. She made the motion that prayer. " will foster the service next year. The afternoon session had sixty, thirty- "At Tokuskima we had one of the four staying for luncheon, with one best women's meeting that it has ever hundred and twenty-five. at the eve- been my privilege to attend. The ning service':' program was used, and each one took At Honolulu, Hawaii, there was a part." joint service of the Congregational, Methodist, Episcopal, and Christian Korea: "Tonight the North Gate Churches. Church at K wangju will observe the great Day of Prayer for Missions, and FLORENCE E. QmNLAN. 0, how earnestly we hope that God will pour out the needed blessing. Observed in Mi..lon Lands The Yang Nim Church will meet this Ever since the Day of Prayer for evening, and the other congregation Missions became an annual event in held its prayer meeting this after- North America, many in our mission noon.'·' fields of the 'Orient, South America and Africa have longed to join with China: "We hope to have a servthe women of America in its observance. To new Christians in mission ice for the women, from 1 to 4 fields prayer is the greatest factor in o 'clock on Friday at the church in the development of their work. They Sutsien, and one for the school girls hailed with joy the invitation sent to in the school. One of the editors of them a year ago to join in making it the North Kiangsu church paper is a WorId Day of Prayer for Missions. Mr. Chien Tsaim Tien, an elder in the In Africa, India, Japan, China, Sutsien Church. He reads English, Burma, Korea, many European coun- but asked me to translate the program tries and South America, tens of so that he might understand it all. thousands of women and girls enjoyed He printed it later. The North this fellowship. Here are just a few Kiangsu church paper is read of the reports received: throughout our Missions, and Mr. Chien has requested that it be copied Japan: "The Day of Prayer was by the Christian Intelligencer, which remembered here in Kobe and was, we g,oes all over the Republic." believe, a day which has seen a 'step in advance' in the lives of many Japa- it Suokowfu is holding today as a nese Christian women. Heretofore it has been so easy for them to confine special day of prayer. In the city and or limit their prayers to the circumference of their own Island Empire, all over our country field the women are meeting in little groups to pray.

Our service in the school was held this morning for the first two bours of the day; it was given over to prayer and praise. I believe this day will mean much-we did need it so. There were 60 women present at the meeting in the West Gate Church.

REV. LEE (CENTER) AND TWO MEMBERS OF CHURCH Cooks Gn Day of Prayer for Missions in Sbenchow '1'here were also services in the taut churches in Shenchow translated Women '8 Hospital, Girls' School and at South Gate Chapel. We hope there the suggested program into Chinese were many groups praying today in and followed it very closely. '1'he out-stations. " meeting lasted from 10 to 12 a. m. and from 2 to 4 p. m., with a Chinese "At Tenghsien we translated the woman in charge of each hour. Near the close of the last hour special time program for the Day of Prayer. Pas- was devoted to prayer for the Church tor Ding-Li-Mei took the program to of Christ in China. The committee Harbin and said he would observe the expressed a desire to have a similar day there. March 4th this year fell meeting next year. Rev. Lee sugon the :first day of the Chinese second gested that since the women had month, which is a great worship day charge of the entire program, the men with the Chinese-a day for burning cook the rice and vegetables for the women's noon meal. A good Chinese incense. The pastor and Christians meal was served to the 66 guests." seemed to appreciate this day of prayer, and entered quite heartily , 'The Day of Prayer was a real into the idea. Our :first meeting was hlessing to us all in Chinkiang. We at 5 a. m.; about 100 were present. held a meeting for women and girls The women met at 3 p. m. A semi- at each of our three day schools, innary girl showed all the countries on viting the women of each neighbora globe, and made the women und er- hood to come to the school building. stand more clearly the meaning of the About 250 Chinese women and girls day. There was also a night service. attended. In the afternoon we had a I imagine Tenghsien was the first to meeting for all the foreign women in start the Day of Prayer. Japan and town. All denominations here were Korea get the suu before us, but we represented-Methodist, B apt i s t, began long before the sun. When I Church of God, China Inland Mission entered the church at 5 a. m. the pas- and Presbyterian." tor was already there upon his knees on the brick floor in a cold church." "The Christian women in Canton joined with the other Christian "A joint committee of Chinese women of the world in prayer for miswomen representing the two Protes-

927] WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

sions on March 4th. We had two lands. Thirty women and girls and meetings, one in English, the other in twenty men attended." Chinese. Copies of the program were sent to the principals of the various Mexico: "We had a fine prayer girls' schools so that during chapel meeting on March 4th at Zitacuwro. hour they could unite in this World Surely Mexico needs the prayers of all Day of Prayer. A notice of the Christian people at this time. " World Day of Prayer for Missions appeared in our Chinese church pa- British Guiana.: "I do not know per which goes to all the churches in when the women of New Amsterdam t he province of Kwangtung. " spent such an enjoyable hour and a half praising and worshiping in God'~ Africa: At Yonibana the Day of House as they did on the Day of Prayer was observed in the homes of Prayer. Five races were represented the people, the church bell being rung -East Indian, Chinese, white, black, to remind all to pray. and what is known here as 'the col- ored class.' Everyone left greatly At Sembehu 30 women and girls inspired, with the thought in mind were present. Many voluntary pray- that these meetings would take place ers were offered for missions in dif- annually hereafter." ferent countries. Poland: "Most of our women's At Moyamba the teachers and girls circles in Lodz-Polish, German, of the Lillian R. Harford School held Russian and Bohemian speaking a meeting early in the morning be- Baptist women-joined in prayer for fore school hours. missions on March 4th. In some places, where the country people are At Roruks the people gathered with living at great distances from each much interest for the prayer meeting. other, the prayer meeting was held on "We thank you very much for enlist- Sunday, March 6th." ing us in this world-wide intercessory day." India: "It was good to meet here in lovely Amkhut on March 4th and At Ro-tifunk there were about 40 feel that we were just one of the little present and the meeting lasted two groups of praying women met all over and one half hours. the world to plead for the coming of His Kingdom. Over 30 women met at "We had a fine prayer service at four 0 'clock and spent a very blessed F,'eetown. Some of the missionaries hour of prayer." at this station were at a rest cottage on Mt. Leicester at the time, so they "On March 4th we had two meethad their own little prayer service ings at Jhansi in which many took under a mango tree." part. In our first meeting the ques- tion asked was: 'How far are we pre- From Jiama, an interior town pared to receive the blessing which which has had the Gospel just a few must follow this great volume of years, the missionary writes: ' , We prayer ~' At both meetings most of took a globe to the meeting and ex- t he time was spent in prayer." plained about sun, moon, stars, and earth, then showed the continents, ELLA D. MACLAURTN. pointing out Africa, countries where other peoples live, those from which Girls Hold Meetings the missionaries come. After this we had nine prayers, five by mission peo- Special meetings conducted by and ple, four by Kono women. One Kono for girls were held in many cities and woman prayed for the homeland of towns. The following is typical: Jesus; then one prayed for England; another for all American women, etc. " 'I wish I had known it was to be Three mission children prayed for the such a beautiful service. I would missionaries, native Christians and have brought my friends,' remarked those who do not know Jesus in all one of the girls after the girls' service held in Dayton, Ohio.

"This was the first time the girls singing during the service. A group of all denominations in the city were of young people dressed to represent called together in the interest of mis- countries for which prayer was to be sions. The plans were made by a offered entered the church· at the rear committee composed of a representa- and slowly marched to the front while tive from each denomination and from the children sang "Fling Out the the Young Women's Christian Asso- Banner. " As each country was pre- ciation including the Colored Branch sented, the children read a prayer in and the International Institute. Be- unison for that country, being led by ing a WorId's Day of Prayer we different denominational groups, the wanted the group who did the plan- African M. E. group leading in the ning, as well as the group who ob- prayer for Africa. The leader writes: served the day, to be international. "The children were so happy to have "The program as outlined for the a part in this beautiful service for day was used. Of special interest was 'the children of the world.' "

the' Pilgrimage of Prayer Around the Day of Prayer OftenJ1g_ World,' which was very simply pre- sented in pageant form. The' Spirit While the <>bservance is primarily of Prayer' spoke of the importance lind fundamentally for prayer and of prayer, then called representatives not for the raising of money, certain fr<>m various nations to make an ap- causes noted below have been espepeal for prayer in behalf of their cially designated as objectives for countries. After these pleas she gave freewill offerings of grateful hearts.

a call to silent prayer and led the en- Undesignated gifts received by the tire group in their prayers. This Federation or Council are divided simple presentation was very impres- equally between Home and Foreign sive, especially because in it were Missions. girls of many nationalities-a Russian, two Greek, one Hungarian, an What The,. Mean Armenian, a German and a colored To Christwn Literature. This year girl representing Africa. These, in the Committee on Christian Litera- the native costumes, together with ture has received over $2,325 as its American girls dressed to represent share of the Day of Prayer offerings.

other nations, presented a very pretty Because of sacrificial giving on the picture. part of thousands of Christian women " At this meeting the committee was all over our country the Committee given authority to make plans for a is able to double its pledge for Happy Childhood in distracted permanent Federation."

Ohildren Answer the Oall China; to authorize starting two new vernacular editions of the Treasure Special children's meetings were Chest, a magazine for boys and girls conducted in many places as part of the community plans. Rochester, in India, thus providing Christian New York, reports one. Groups of reading in the Gujerati and Hindi children between the ages of 9 and areas where there is great lack of lit- 12 from every church with their spe- erature for young people; to add cial leader met at a central place and $500 to its pledge for the Japan C. L. at 4: 20 formed a processional to the S. where Miss Amy Bosanquet, in church to pray for all the little children of the world-"black and yel- charge of the department for women low, red and white, all are precious in and young people, finds II "crying God's sight. " A special program con- need for easy gospel reading for silk taining hymns and a prayer for the children of each country had been factory working girls and uneducated handed each child. A children's country women." Without this gen- erous amount from these offerings all these great needs must go unmet.

choir led the processional and the ALICE M. KYLE.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

To Union Christian Colleges. Just and promoting the religious activities what do offerings given on the Day of the Protestant students, including of Prayer mean to the seven Union Wholesome soeial and reereationallife. Christian Colleges for the Women of the Orient Y Practically all of these To Farm and Carnnery Migrants. colleges are operating on budgets The offerings mean real education and which have been cut and cut again to vision in little towns, hamlets, and come within amounts which the col- large metropolitan cities which is lege committees feel can be made translated into intelligent prayer and available. So far, the total amount giving. The amounts range all the of gifts from the Day of Prayer fund way from 70 cents to $100. They this year is about $2,500-$350 for mean opportunity for expression on each college, designated gifts making the part of the Chureh in helping it a little more for some, less for with the problem that lies at its door others. "Breathing space within the and strengthening the service among budget "-I can think of no better way the groups of Poles, Italians, and Neto express what this money means to groes working in the crops and canthose colleges. Breathing space neries of the East, a very definite within the budget for workers who are furthering of work on the Pacifie doing their best to make every cent Coast especially in the Imperial Valdo the work of two, who have cut out ley of California among Mexicans and so many little things that they had in Oregon. They mean the building hoped would be possible to put in this into the lives of these "families on year-a much-needed microscope, a wheels" the basic idea of Christian little shrubbery to make grounds citizenship, an extending of the hand more attractive, one more course to of fellowship to this group, often exstrengthen the science department, a ploited but so necessary to our agrilittle more furnishing to make 'Fac- cultural life, to the feeding of the ulty House a bit more comfortable, a nation. new operating table for the hospital, and then for those who even after The call of the children who often cutting could not make the budget realize they are "different" is the come quite within the appropriation, loudest. Said a little migrant Mexia relief from the strain of knowing can girl to the Sunday-school superthat debt was accumulating. This is intendent, "Does Jesus love only what your gifts mean to the Union American children 1" "No, indeed. Colleges. FLORENCE G. TYLER. He loves all the little children of the world. " To his utter surprise, she To Religious Work DiIr€dtors. An then walked deliberately out of the unparalleled opportunity is offered church. In a few moments she rein the Government Indian Boarding turned leading four other Mexican Schools for reaching thousands of the girls and boys! finest Indian boys and girls-potential leaders of their race-through "If a stranger sojourn with thee in Religious Work Directors. The Home your land, ye shall not do him wrong. Missions Couneil and Council of The stranger that sojourneth with you Women for Home Missions have shall be unto you as the home-born placed Directors in eight of the among you and thou shalt love him twenty non-reservation schools. This as thyself. " LAURA H. PARKER. is the first year that this work has been designated to reeeive a portion Writ. to Miss MacLaurin for set ot 1000IIets of the contributions from the observ- prep…..d by Christian Literature C<>IDinittee to ance of the Day of Prayer for Mis- accompany third chaPter ot Mrs. Platt's book. sions. These funds will help to make "A Straight Way Toward Tomorrow." The.e possible the service rendered by Re- are free for postage only. "Mother Treasure ligious Work Directors in organizing Chest." an Illustrated pamphlet, Is $2.00 per 100. Write to Mis$ Florenc. G. Tyler. 419 F<>urth Ave., New York City. for furth.r Infor- mation and late letters regarding the Union Colleges. Write to the Council of WDmen lor Home Missions for HOur Greatest Crop" and other lea:H.ets on Farm and Cannery Migrants and rDr "Unified Thinking" and "Why Educate Him" which tell of Religious Work Directors.

fROM MANY

EUROPE compelled to conduct services in British Miasionary Finances Swedish. Under the recess, bishops were deprived of their fortified castles, T HE receipts of the Church Mis- where they had been able to defy the sionary Society for the year end- King, and church estates were coning March 31st amounted to £558,000, fiscated. a sum exceeded only once in the Society's long history, and £95,000 Russiau "Anti-God Society" Anxious ab~ve. the figure for the previous year. ThIs Increase is partly due to £77 000 WORD has come, by wireless from received in legacies £31,000 of which Riga, that a religious revival in is placed this year in the Legacy Russia is causing concern to the Soviet Equalization Fund, and remains out- authorities. A special report on the side the year's income. The expendi- anti-religious situation in town and ture amounted to £486,000. By country was considered at a plenary keeping open the special appeal for sitting of the committee of the Com- £150,000 until December 31st, the munist party in Moscow in June. Society hopes to remove all existing The official spokesman, Barkanoff, deficits. said the anti-religious organizations unquestionably were suffering dis- The Wesleyan Methodist Missionary comfiture and a sort of religious re- Society is not hampered by debt and vival had occurred among the masses. Various kinds of religious. organizahas met its expenditure out of its re- tions and sects have come into being, ceipts for the year. This happy con- and their influence has penetrated the factories and even the barracks of the dition was due to the gift of £15,000 Red Army. This revival was parby an anonymous contributor who has ticularly apparent at Easter. Baralso paid the interest on the Society's overdraft.

Swedes Lutherans 400 Years kanoff complained that the 29,000 members of the "Anti-God Society" T HE four hundredth anniversary had proved unable to stem the re- of the establishment of the ligious tide. The society, he said, I~utheran Church in Sweden was cele- must, .therefore, be reorganized and brated in the cathedral in Vesteras, agitators specially trained on a mass Sweden, on June 21st. Bishop E. scale to meet the new "menace." Billing officiated in the presence of particular attention being devoted to King Gustav and the Governor of the propaganda among women, children province. The celebration was in com- and adolescents. memoration of that June day in 1527 when King Gustav Vasa summoned a THE parliament of representatives of the Sunday Schools in Austria nobility, clergy and peasantry at this Austrian Sunday School As- place, and promulgated two laws, the sociation is one of the newest na- Vesteras recess and the Aesteras ordi- tional organizations on the continent nance, aimed at growing Catholic of Europe. Since 1925, Rev. G. Lun- temporal power. By the ordinance towski has been supported as a full- the King became head of the Swedish time secretary by the World's Sunday Church, which adopted the Bible as School Association for the active pro- the sole religious guide. Priests were motion of Sunday-school work through- 624 out the country. During 1926 he undertaking il1issionary Voice comorganized forty-two Sunday schools ments: "The fact that a man seventyand visited every Protestant parish, eight years of age, who was for holding conferences with the pastors twenty-six years a Roman Catholic and the adult leaders with the view priest, and who has been a Methodist of stimulating the Sunday-school preacher twenty-seven years, should method of teaching Christian truth. make the long journey across the There is a total of 148 Sunday schools ocean, travel and preach unceasingly in Austria with a membership ap- for six months, is of thrilling interest. proximating 16,000. An annual con- But it is more thrilling to know the vention was held in Salzerbad in June. truth that thousands heard the mes- Mr. Luntowski is untiring in his ef- sage of salvation, listened to this man forts, and is holding conferences in all of God as he related his experience parts of Austria with the view of through long years and told how the training a Sunday-school leadership. Spirit of God has led and blessed him, The Sunday School Association and that nearly 3,000 souls were led publishes a paper for leaders and to decide publicly for Christ." Many teachers with articles on Sunday- say that the most signal victory of the school work. This is a new venture campaign was that of preaching the and is providing a great help to those Gospel in the old priest-ridden city of who are responsible for promoting the Braga. Sunday-school. Roman Catholics in Germa.ny Modern Church-Goers in England AN AMERICAN Jesuit declared A CANADIAN journalist, who re- not long ago, "It is true that cently spent a dozen Sundays since the end of the war there has in London during which, he says, he been a mighty accession to the covered "not only most of the more Catholic Church in Germany." Such famous Church of England parishes a statement, if allowed to pass unof the metropolis, but also some ten of challenged, might create a wholly the leading nonconformist pUlpits" false impression……. " IJet us go to makes this optimistic observation: the facts," says Dr. Schneider, whose article appeared in Das Evangelische To say that the evidences of widespread Deutschland on April 30th. "In the and intelligent interest in religion were years If23, 1924 and 1925 respectiveastonishing, when compared with the con- ly, 7,245, 6,955 and 6,938 German ditions of twenty years ago, would be stat- Protestants went over to the Church ing the case very mildly. It would probably of Rome. These figures are based on not be true to say that the churches were the official report of the Catholic on the average fuller; but they were much central office for church statistics in less full of the kind of people who obviously Cologne. In the same years, 9,547, attend merely because it is the proper thing. 10,880 and 13,591 Catholics passed and the congregations were much more into the evangelical church. These largely made up of young, alert, intellectual. figures are given according to the ofand earnest ]leople of both sexes. In a good ficially confirmed declaration by the many cases, I was myself taken to the church bureau for church statistics of the by young people of this type who were German Evangelical Church Alliance. regular attendants, and whose parents, when Both lists represent the indubitably they were the same age, would certainly not existing facts. The number of Proteshave gone to the services with anything like tants who are joining the Church of the same keen and personal motives. lliJme is actually declining, in spite of the Winfried League and the ultra- Brazilian Preacher in Portugal montane boastings. The number of Catholics who change to Protestantism H OW Christians in Brazil had sent is steadily growing, and last year's one of their outstanding leaders on a six months' evangelistic tour in Portugal was told in the November 1926 REVIEW. 'On the success of the 5

report (1925) shows a striking in- be known as the Gold Coast Presbycrease from 10,880 to 13,591. Includ- terian Church. It is to be served ing the affiliated churches of Memel, jointly by the Scottish and the Basel Danzig, Posen, etc., which belong to missionaries, the former in the old the old Prussian State Church, the territory and the latter in Asante. In figures are 13,996, in round numbers, 1928, this mission will celebrate its 14,,000." The converts to Rmnanism centennial. The celebration is to inlast year were less than half that cIude the opening of the new seminumber.-The British Weekly. nary, the cornerstone for which was laid recently. It is to be located in AFRICA Acropung, and is to cost about £30,- 000, of which the Government has Africans Secure School Pernlit given a large part. It is to accom- modate 300 students. Six graduate AMERICAN Board missionaries Scotch missionaries and some native have been trying in vain for instructors will constitute the faculty. years to secure government permission to open a school at Gogoyo, New Schools in Kenya Colony Portuguese East Africa. This, according to The Congregationalist, has REPRESENTATIVES of the now been accomplished by two young American Friends' Board of African men, Kamba and Bede Foreign Missions in Kenya Colony Simango, both born in the "bush" report that, during their absence fr·om and products of mission schools. Bede their field, Roman Catholics obtained went to Lorenzo Marques, a Swiss from the Mohammedan chief of the mission school, where he fell under district permission to open schools in the influence of Papera, a teacher, several places. They continue: and himself a graduate of Congrega- "Where the headmen have been tional schools. Papera has done a anxious about the encroachments of . remarkable work in the school. the Catholics, they have asked us to Several years ago he had a Christian open new schools. These requests have congregation of 150 boys, fifty of them been presented to the native Church trained by him and given certificates and the Christians have responded showing their education. Approach- right well in taking on the support ing the question of the new school for of these new schools. Twenty-four Gogoyo, Bede and Kamba went to the old schools and seven new ones are Comnwndante, who asked them to now supported by the native Church. show their certificates-Kamba's from This means they must raise about $80 Columbia University and Bede's from every month. It is quite a load for the Lorenzo Marques School. When the Church to carry, but, with the the Cabinet of the Portuguese Church at home supporting the re- Colonial Government had seen the maining eighteen schools, we believe certificates, they issued the necessary they will be financially able in a few permission, and the school will now years to take over the support of all become a fact. their educational work."

Basel Mission on the Gold Coast Medical TreatJnent for a King THE last annual meeting of the K ING KWETE, of the Bakuba Synod of the Gold Coast took place people in the Belgian Congo, is in November, 1926. For the first time, undergoing a long course of treatthe Basel missionaries who have re- ment at the Southern Presbyterian turned to Asante have taken part hospital at Bulape. C. T. Wharton along with the Scottish missionaries. writes: "The king reached us, ac- An important resolution of this Synod companied by a great horde of folwas the one which determines that the lowers and a chain gang of hundreds old Basel Mission is henceforth to

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

of pitiful prisoners. He gladly con- housing, health, recreation, education. sented to having classes in the cate- At the same time, the Council could chism started in his camp, one for the also consider the larger issues which free Bakuba men, one for the were before the country and in this prisoners, and a third for the harem way help in the discussion of the and for the royal women. The women, measures now before Parliament. The of their own accord, insisted on hav- general discussion showed a keen deing two classes daily. The king gladly sire in all present to cooperate in welcomed the snggestion that I come these matters, and it was, clear that and read to him the Gospel of Mat- the convener had been most fortunate thew in his own tongue……. Twice in gathering together a body of men on Sundays he has had himself carried exceptionally well-equipped to do efinto the church to attend the services fective work, not only in Bloemfontein and has afterwards made comments itself, but also throughout the Orange showing that he attended carefully to Free State." what was being said and done."

THE NEAR EAST The Moslem as "A Good Sport" Many Kinds of Pulpits in Persia H ERBERT MERCER, of the l/rR.s. WM. A. SHEDD, widow of Egypt General Mission, writes H'.l one of the most loved and as follows of his work: " Although honored missionaries in Persia, writes the :Moslem is a tough customer, he is of the evangelistic work which she is a lovable one and a courteolL<; sports- doing: "Rabi Yosip and I start out man. He loves his Koran, and holds about nine each morning and tramp wildly erroneous views of what the until late afternoon, visiting two, InJil (Gospel) is, but he admires three or four villages, mostly Moslem. good humor and honesty. If one can …… One finds many kinds of pulkeep smiling under severe provocation pits. In the village of Nivli, I sat on and 'stick to his guns,' the Moslem the tongue of an ox-cart, while a yery rarely refuses to yield to the crowd of women gathered about me sporting offer: 'Yes, I am a mission- and I talked to them. At another ary, and this is the Injil. Some place, we sat outside in the sun on a Moslems say it is corrupted, and grass mat, and had an audience of others that it is unnecessary. I come about a dozen. At the next village, here today to offer it to you, in your a dozen men were repairing the own spoken language and at a tri- mosque, some mixing the earthfling price, so that you can find out for plaster, and others carrying it up to yourself what it is. Will you buy it the roof, to give it a new cover before and read it before you condemn it 1 the rains come. We asked the women That is all I ask.' Older missionaries to gather, but none appeared, so I sat say a great change has come over down on a log, and the boss gave per- Islam in Egypt these past few years. " mission to the workmen to stop and listen for a while." South African Race Councils } 7 IMBERLEY and Bloemfontein Refugees Make Good Farmers ~ each have now an interracial T HE Refugee Settlement Commiscouncil, organized along the lines sion in Syria, which began its work in January, hopes before the end of which are proving so successful in H28 to clear out the camps where 22,- 000 refugees are concentrated, 15,000 the United States. In describing the of whom are in Beirut, and to place them on the path to normal living organization of the one in the second under decent and permanent housing conditions, chiefly in agriculture, incity, The South African Outlook points out the importance of the Council '8 "educating public opinion -both European and Bantu-upon the questions with which it dealt, e.g.,

stead of permitting them to remain sought to answer those needs. There huddled helplessly in congested and were not enough workers, and there unhealthful quarters in the main we were in prayer and conference trycenters of population. The hopeful- ing to find a way of making five men ness of this work is shown by the do the work of ten or fifteen. First, agricultural outplacement already be- there was the new book room or readgun. Charles W. Fowle writes of six ing room down in the bazaars of families on a farm near Tyre: "The Teheran. This had been opened only Frenchman who is the lessor of the a few weeks and already forty or fifty farm testified that in five weeks these men were coming each day to talk Armenian farmers had ploughed and about the things of Christ. Only one planted about three times the acreage man was there to meet them all, and which would have been worked in the now we need him to go to Demgon, a same period by a similar number of village in the interior where recently the neighboring peasants. " ten men had been won to Christ."

Moslems Ask fol' Mission School INDIA AND SIAM THE United Mission in Mesopo- A School Pl'epares the Way tamia reports: "Increasingly the schools are attracting and welcoming ENGLISH Baptists, reporting on Moslem pupils. Especially do we note the boys' high school which they the need' for boarding facilities. conduct in Agra, say that it is the ex- When, as at Mosul, influential Moslem perience of all who have the privilege parents come and beg us to take their of teaching Scripture in schools of this children into our home life for train- character that greater interest is being ing in righteousness, the responsibility shown in it than ever before. Only for refusal may not be lightly dis- recently some boys have eome to the missed." Rev. Roger C. Cumberland principal asking for Bibles that they writes of a specific instance: might read for themselves. The principal had an unforgettable ex- One of the prominent Moslem merchants perience in a visit to the village home of Mosul, speaking for a small group of of some of the boarding pupils. A his confreres, requested us to open a special royal weleome, in true Indian fashion, boarding school for their boys, so they was given him. The boy who had sent would be continually under our influence, the invitation asked if he might join promising full financial support for what· him in morning and evening devoever might be necessary. Can you imagine tions. The people were all Hindus. how that stirred us in fanatical Mosul, The day after his arrival, a crowd of where we have been praying for open doors ~ villagers and retainers gathered, and But what could we say~ We simply have an address was asked for. "Tell them not the personnel to handle more than is about God," the host said, and Mr. now unrrertaken; we regretfully told them Reynolds had the joy of telling them, that we are not now prepared to meet their the talk being based upon Luke XV. request, but that we hope to be in the A more eager and attentive audience, future. An open door, and those within could not have been found. Thus a calling: who will answer ~ school of this kind loosens the hard soil and prepares it for the seed. New Opportunities in Teheran When these boys havfl the moulding of the village in their hands, what REV. R. C. HUTCHISON, Ph.D:, kind of impress will they make 1 writes from Teheran, Persia, of a meeting of. the evangelistic com- Traveling with a Governol' mittee of the church, five Persian Christians and five Americans, at AT THE invitation of the governor which plans were under discussion for of Petchaburi, Siam, Niels Nedthe coming months. "One by one the ergaard, M.D., accompanied him on great needs were brought up and a twenty-three day tour to the upperbalanced against each other and ways

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

river country, going, he says, about of the gathering Dnyanodaya com- twice as far as any missionary or ments: "One of the most encouraging governor had ever gone before. Dr. signs of solid progress in the Chris- Nedergaard made the unprecedented tian movement in Western India is suggestion that an evangelistic unit the awakened and widespread interest from the mission station should ac- that is being taken by the Indian company the party, and the governor Christian Church in Christian litera- supplied an additional boat. He re- ture. Hitherto, the preparation and ports: "Each evening pictures of the distribution of Christian literature life of Christ were shown to the people have been mainly regarded as the where we camped. The governor, business of missionaries and a hand- when necessary, would send mes- ful of Indian Christian leaders. That sengers around the near-by village to a distinct turn in the tide is discern- ask people to come and see the pic- ible is proved by the fact that the tures, and he and his family and other rank and file of the Indian Christian members of the party would join the Church are showing more and more crowd to see and listen. There was interest in this whole subject."

at no time the slightest sign of ir- ritation or friction. Nor was the mes- A Brahmin's Dramatic Testimony sage subdued or sugar-coated." A BRAHMIN village chief, who is described by Rev. Charles W. Ninety Years 'in Saharanpur Posnett, of the English Wesleyan Mis- T HIS year marks the ninetieth an- sion at Medak in the Nizam's niversary of the beginning by the Dominions, as "a man of good posi- Presbyterian Board of F'oreign Mis- tion and great influence," traveled sions of its work in Saharanpur, in 120 miles to give his witness at his the Punjab. "The pioneers who came baptismal service. ]1[1'. Posnett says: to this place nearly a century ago," Aner the baptism, he asked me if he says one of their successors, "were might take P"ashathmn, the feast of friendmen of large vision and great expecta- ship, with me. He was a Brahmin who had tion. They laid the foundations well. never in his life touched water from a Chris- The station includes a compound of tian hand or drunk from a Christian "s glass.

sixty acres, situated in the most fa- Yet when I poured out the water, he vorable section of the city, enclosing begged me to ddnk first, and then he quietly took the glass and drank it to the bottom, the theological seminary, with its com- ponring tbe remaining drops upon his head. modious quarters for students, both Then, kneeling down, he asked me to bless married and single; the stately church him. Anyone who knows India will not wonder at my amazement. To drink after building, overlooking the entrance anyone from the same cnp is anathema, but from the road; the industrial school, for a Brahmin to drink from an outcaste 's with its ample provision for workers in wood and iron; four dwellings for glass is simply amazing beyond words. This missionaries; and homes for teachers, man had in one moment broken away from preachers, Bible-women and other Hinduism at a stroke and had acknowledged Jesus as his only Master. Christians. "

More Indian Christian Literature Reaching Men of Many Faiths REV. NICOL MACNICOL, D.D., A PREACHING tour about seven Secretary of the National Chris- weeks long, during which seventy tian Council of India, presided over different services were held in ten difa two-day conference recently held in ferent villages, aroused interest in Nasik, Bombay Presidency, on the representatives of the various resubject of Christian literature in the ligions of India, as this report from Marathi language. On the significance Rev. W. W. Duff, of Kasur in the Punjab, shows:

In Kaleke, the Sikh Sardar of the place Fourth Avenue, of the early opening brought out his men and set up OUr tents. of a training school at Shanghai for He then saw to it that most of tho Sikh Protestant missionaries now in China. landownel's of the plare attended the night It is planned to have all of the mis- meetings. They listened to the Gospel with sionaries who are temporarily con- great interest. In Makhi Khurd, the Hindu centrated at Shanghai attend the school teacher sent us a table to use in school. Advanced courses in the showing lantern slides, and a big crowd of Chinese language and literature, Hindus, Sikhs and Mohammedans turned the religions of China and mission- out to see pictures of the life of Christ. ary methods to be adapted to the The next day a Mohammedan officer, an changing conditions would comprise educated man, came to my tent and asked the curriculum, it was stated. for further instruction about Jesus Christ. Tn Jodh Singhwala, the Christians had Ginling Oollege Oarrying On largely become indifferent and had gone back to worshipping idols. But now some ASISTER of T. Z. Koo is a memof the younger men have gotten the spirit ber of the faculty of Ginling of reform. College, Nanking, China. In a letter written in May, she gives a picture of OHINA AND TIBET the way in which the college is being carried on in the absence of all the Nanking University Has Reopened foreigners: T HIS well-known union university Soon after the foreign faculty members in Nanking, China, which was the left Nanking the Chinese faculty members center of the attack upon foreigners and the students got busy and organized by certain' Chinese soldiers late in different eommittees, dividing the various March, resulting in the killing of the kinds of the work of the college……. A vice-president, Dr. .Tohn E. Williams, new administrative eommittee has been has reopened with a complete Chinese formed, consisting of seven alumnre, two staff. President Arthur .T. Bowen, C'hinese faculty members and two students. recently arrived from China, reported I am one of them (to the surprise of mythat the University was being ad- self.) …… We are having chapel every ministered by a committee of seven morning and services every Sunday. The Chinese, of which Dr. T. S. Kuo, dean student religious committee is taking charge of the College of Agriculture and and making out programs. On Easter Day Forestry, is chairman. Of the 500 we had a service and a Scene at the Tomb former students, 350 were in attend- in the early morning, and a song service at ance, and 40 or more of them were to eleven 0 'ciock; both were very beautiful, be graduated with bachelor degrees which brought us real peace of heart and at the end of .Tune. There is a Chinese more strength to conquer evil. …… Ginling faculty of more than 100, several hav- must live. Ginling has a real contribution ing been added to take the place of to make for society and must help to lift up the missionary professors now tem- the public. Ginling has not failed. Ginling porarily out of the city. 11ost of the must live for the new womanhood of new American faculty are still in Shanghai, awaiting permission from the China in the future. American consul to return to their posts. Dr. Bowen stated that the Oanton School Has Oelebration College of Agriculture and Forestry, the College of Arts and Sciences, the CABLED reports to the Presbyprimary schools, and the middle terian Board of Foreign Missions school were all open under the guid- state that Canton is quiet. The misance of this Chinese Administrative sionaries who are not on furlough are Committee. at the station. Schools are continuing. The women's hospital and medical Shanghai Missionary School school are open. The school for the blind is continuing its work. The ANNOUNCEMENT was made early hospital for the insane has been loaned in June by the Foreign Missions to the Government for a year, and Conference of North America, 419 there are still several hundreds of patients. The Canton hospital re-

1927J NEWS FROM :MANY LAKDS

mains closed. The True Light Middle their own initiative, they have recent- School has held an enthusiastic cele- ly formed a League of Christian bration of the tenth anniversary of its Workmen, consisting of about fifty existence as a separate institution, men and boys of the shop (out of a though its history may, in a real sense, total of seventy-five), whose purpose be said to run back sixty years to the is the evangelization and education of time when Miss Harriet Noyes estab- other workmen. So far as we know, lished a school of that name in Canton nothing like this has ever been done for girls and women. With a student before. The regular activities will body almost two-thirds Christian, and consist of a weekly prayer meeting, a graduating classes almost entirely Sunday afternoon preaching service, Christian, this school is now sending and a night school five nights a week. Their pledge contains the following forth a far-reaching influence into the points: prOVlllce.

A Tibetan "Gospel Inn" Ewry day to read some portion of the Scriptures and pray; to give not less than REV. F. DOGGETT LEARNER one hour each week to the service of other has been at work under the China workmen or apprentices through evangeEstic Inland lHission for thirteen years at work, preaching, leading in religious sing- Siningfu, Kansu Province, on the ing, teaching classes in Bible, "thousand Kokonor border of Tibet. It is a characters, " arithmetic, drafting, English, cosmopolitan' region, and colporteurs etc.; or visiting sick workmen and rendercarry the Word of God in five ing assistance; to give one per cent of languages-Chinese, Arabic, Mongol, salary each month for the finaneing of the Kulmuk and 'l'ibetan. Five years ago, work of the Leagne." Mr. Learner opened a "gospel inn," of which he writes: "The inn is Peking Union Medical College entirely free. Any Tibetan can come and stay as long as he likes. Every T HE latest report of the Rockeconvenience possible is supplied, such feller Foundation has this to say as sleeping accommodation, kitchen about the place occupied by the room, stable requisites, and last but Chinese in this institution: "In spite not least, a beautiful little chapel of disturbed conditions in China, the which will hold about a hundred Peking Union Medical College, a guests. We have two faithful Tibetan modern teaching and research center, evangelists who do their work well. built, equipped, and maintained by No guest comes who does not hear the Foundation, continued its work something about the love of the Lord without interruption. The aim has Jesus, and for those who stay over- always been to develop a wholly night-and the great majority do-a Chinese teaching staff, and, ultimatelittle service is held in the Tibetan ly, to transfer the college and hospital chapel at dark at which the pure to Chinese auspices. This plan has Gospel is preached. It is at this serv- been so consistently followed that the ice that many Tibetans hear of the first step could be taken safely in the Lord Jesus for the very first time." early future. Even now, should an emergency arise, there would be enough Christian Workmen Organize Chinese staff members to constitute more than a skeleton organization. C C. STEINBECK reports from The plant could be operated and the • Peking: "A most interesting ex- hospital kept in service. Even the periment is being tried by a number instruction of students could be of iron-workers and plumbers, boys creditably continued in almost all deand men connected with our high partments-in a few, on quite the school, in the department known as present basis, for the hospital superthat of engineering practice. Upon intendent, the superintendent of me- chanical operation, the heads. of two departments, the second men III

others, promising juniors in the rest, Andong district. He and the Bible a large group of the nurses, many of woman associated with him have been the secretaries, practically all the doing some earnest, faithful preaching typists, and the subordinate personnel to the unbelieving patients. Recently are Chinese." the hospital staff has organized a preaching society, the aim of which is JAPAN-KOREA to send an evangelist or Bible woman to preach in heathen villages where Japanese Give for Africa the medical work has made an open- ing. " WHAT he calls "a unique ex- perience" is thus described by Give Up Sake for a School S. M. Erickson, of the Southern Presbyterian mission in Takamatsu, T HE little village of Hakui-gun, in Japan: "During all these years in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan, now Japan as an agent of our church, I has a schoolhouse because the village have been distributing funds from fathers were willing to give up the the home-land. Today I called at the drinking of sake, the Japanese wine. home of the pastor of the little self- Of thc 1,600 inhabitants, the majority supporting church at Samban Cho are farmers. Most of them are poor. with a Christmas gift. The pastor ex- Their children were taught in the pressed his thanks and then said, 'I local temples. Parents desired better have something for you,' and handed educational facilities for the youngme thirty yen. He said, 'Please for- sters, hut the village budget could not ward this to the Executive Committee be enlarged-it was burdensome of Foreign ·Missions for the work in enough as it was. The head of the Africa. The people in Africa are village found that the nearly 500 poorer than we are so our little church gallons of sake which the villagers wants to help them through our were drinking cost them about $4,000 church, as we have no foreign mis- a year, and he proposed that they sions of our own.' This is my first give up the sake and use the sum so experience of this kind, and perhaps saved to pay interest on and to the first in the history of our mission amortize a bond issue for the conwork in Japan…… The little church struction of a school. The other ofthat makes this gift has an average at- ficials and the people in general tendance of about fifty. There are no agreed, and even the proprietors of rich people in the congregation and the eight sake shops signified their they have also a building program." willingness to go into some other line of business. The school building was DR.. E.-angelism in Andong Hospital completed last July, and 470 pupils BERCOVITZ, who is in charge are now in attendance. of the hospital in Andong, Korea, gives these two illustrations Ability of Korean Leaders of the evangelistic emphasis which characterizes the work of the hospital: REV. CHAR,LES A. CLARK, D.D.. of Pyengyang, has seen many "One of the most interesting things which takes place all the time is the changes in Korea since he went there preaching of the Christian patients as a Presbyterian missionary in 1902. to the ones who do not know of Christ. Perhaps the greatest is the way in So frequently is it that a Christian which Koreans are carrying responsiwill be in the bed next to an un- bilities. Some illustrations of this he believer, and, as they lie there days gives as follows: "At our medical coland days, the preaching .goes on….. . lege, a critical mastoid operation was The hospital evangelist is one of the performed upon one of our missionmost spiritual native leaders in the ary children. A Korean doctor,

NEW'S FROM MANY LANDS

specialist in such operations, did the which is that fifty-four students, work while the professor who taught representing every year but one in the him acted as assistant and handed college and academy groups, received him the instruments. In the thirty baptism at one time. This followed a or so academies, two colleges and week of special meetings, conducted theological seminaries of Korea today, by Rev. Saburo Imai, of whom Miss not much OVf>r a score of missionary Charlotte De Forest, President of the teachers are ~orking. Koreans fill the College, writes: "He is a scholarly places cum laude. The Moderators of and warm-hearted Christian, with the Korean General Assembly, with years of experience in meeting the one exception, and nearly all of the needs of young people." other officers and committee members since 1915 have been Koreans. Three The second event is the incorporahundred national Presbyterian pastors tion of the College under a board of are caring for churches, some of them trustees, resident in Japan. The with 2,000 attendance." significance of this is twofold; first, it gives permanence to the institution, Christian Students in Tokyo enabling it to function as an inde- pendent legal entity through an un- T HE following account of the limited future; second it secures activities of the Student Christian public confidence by concentrating re- sponsibility in a board of trustees, Association .in Aoyama Gakuin, subject to government supervision and standardization in financial manage- Tokyo, is quoted from the Bulletin ment.

published by the organization of Eager Village Women in Korea Japanese Christian students in the T HIS picture of a scene in a Korean village is taken from The Korea United States: "Once satuwdeenetk~ dur- Mission Field: "'Puin (lady) why ing the noon hour, the have doesn't the moksa (pastor) come ? We have waited two years to be baptized.' a large Christian meeting on the Thus the question is thrust at the lady missionary. while her loads are being campus in which members eagerly tell placed in a tiny room where she is to eat and sleep for a week while holding of their experiences. Once a week also a women '8 Bible class, in the village. She had been met by a large group of Bible study and a prayer meeting are women and children a mile from the village. One old lady had said, 'My, conducted. On Sunday evenings, they we are glad to see you, and just think how glad we shall be to see Christ assist the work of the Aoyama Galmin when He comes.' They followed her in, an eager, spiritually-hungry group, Church and bring in students by hold- all waiting for what she has to give in the Bible lessons which she and ing outdoor meetings previous to the the Korean Bible woman will teach. They have been waiting long for the chapel service. At least one student messages of comfort and cheer, mes- sages straight from the heart of God al~ participates in the meeting itself, through His word, for few can read. And when they know more about Him, tellmg of his religious experiences. joyfully they can go out winning souls. " At first, these members were more or less persecuted, but they gradually rose to the top and many of the lead- ing members today are heading their classes in scholarship and in activities.

In the summer they form several evangelistic teams and, go to various parts of the country."

Progress in Kobe College TWO important events have recent- ly occurred in the life of Kobe College for Women, which began as a Congregational sehool for girls in Kobe, Japan. The first of these is a real spiritual awakening, one proof of

ISLANDS OF THE SEA An Unusual Teacher at Kusaie Not Head-hut Heart-Hunters NEARLY twenty years ago a politi- cal prisoner was brought .to the A N ORGANIZED campaign of American Board mission statlOn at young Christians in Kwato, New Truk, in the Caroline Islands. His Guinea seeking to bring their fellows offense was that he had prevented the to the point of decision for Christ, is carrying off of boys from the island. thus described by Rev. Charles W. For nine months his troubles seemed Abel of Papua: ,. The Papuan is most relentless. An epidemic carried off his notorious to the outside world for his w:fe and two sons, as well as five of head-hunting propensities; it is some- the boys he had rescued from virtual thing for which to praise God when slavery. Now he comes as a new we find the first generation of teacher to reinforce the staff of the Papuans, from actual savagery, ~n­ school at Kusaie, carried on for gaged in heart-hunting for ChrIst. twenty-nine years under the devot~d They met together for prayer ~ith leadership of Miss Elizabeth and Mlss this purpose in view, and, .from tlJ?e .Tane D Baldwin. The island of to time they brought thelr trophles Ponape, 'from which he comes to join to their'fellows amidst great rejoicing. them, is the scene of remarkable co- Following this awakening, much of operative work run by Japanese Conour time had to be spent in the all- gregationalists, the Amerlcan Board, important 'York of engaging in private and the Japanese Government. There, interviews with those who sought the as in Kusaie the school and church opportunity of beipg e~ligh~ened; of work is steadily growing in spite of all confessing some hmdermg sm; or of difficulties, and serves to lay foundaseeking help in some difficulty; and t:ons for a better future among the the result was a remarkable ingather- people in their far-off, s~a-bound ing of men and women to the fold of island.-The Congregatwnaltst. Christ. "

A Filipino Evangelistic Tour NORTH AMERICA RRV CHARLES N. MAGILL, Conference Registration by Radio D.D., writes from Tayabas of a zealous Filipino elder who has recent- THE thirty-first int~rnation~l con- vention of the Umted Soclety of ly bought a gasoline launch for ev~n­ Christian Endeavor, held in Cleve- land, Ohio, July 2nd to 7th, was gelistic touring: ' 'This man, wlth marked by some unusual features. On four days at noon a radio co~­ another elder and five members of the ference was broadcast from the mam auditorium to the Christian En- Calawag church, on their own initia- deavorers all over the country who had found it impossible to attend this tive, and at their own expense, and great religious gathering of young people. It was announced in advance without the presence and help of the that to each person who sent to the United Society of Christian Endeavor pastor, made a long evangelistic ~our Headquarters, in Boston, a stamped and addressed envelope together with along the coast of North Camarmes. a report that he had listened-in on the convention a certificate of registra- They held services almost every night tion would be issued. Dr. Poling, President of the World's Christian for a whole month and conducted Endeavor Union, was the speaker at these conferences. On the afternoon eclladsesres~heospdeicdiamllyosftoor f children. The of July 7th a memorial service was the preaching wrote us three letters regarding the work, and they remind us of the mis- sionary zeal of Paul, as he pours out h:s heart '.s yearning for souls. He said that many would have been baptized, if a pastor had been with them. This is a voluntary and joyful effort to win others for Christ."

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

held in honor of the founder and late reading. A special and successful ef- President Emeritus of the Society, fort had been made to promote memo- Rev. Francis E. Clark, D.D., affection- rizing of Bible verses by children in . ately known all over the world as the Southern mountain districts. " Father Endeavor Clark. " The Books and booklets had also been sent mornings of the convention days were to India, Latin-American countries, given up to classes, forums, and group the Philippine Islands, and South discussions. Africa.

Congregational Reorgani.ation An Indian Pastor's Reply F OLLOWING the merging of seven T HE eightieth annual report of the of the national boards and agencies American Missi()nary Association of the church at the biennial meeting tells of a conference of all the Indian of the National Council, recently held pastors on the Cheyenne River Reserin Omaha, Neb., the final steps in the vation, South Dakota. At this time reorganization of the Congregati()nal occurred the ordination ()f Clayton Home Mission Board were taken late Hold, the Indian pastor of the in June. Under the new plan all Con- Cheyenne River Congregational gregational missionary work, foreign Church. The council consisted of and national, is placed under a re- past()rs and delegates from neighbororganized Cqmmission on Missions ing Indian arid white churches, about which includes all the directors of three quarters of the membership beboth the new home and foreign boards. ing Indian. One of the latter asked The unification of the foreign boards the candidate where the devil lived. was completed earlier in the year. He replied that a long time ago he The Rev. Dr. William Horace Day, could have answered this with prepastor of the United Congregational cision, but for many years now he had Church of Bridgeport, Conn., was had no dealings with that gentleman, elected Chairman of the Board of and he therefore advised his ques- Directors of the unified Board of tioner to ask somebody who had as- Home Missions. Professor Luther A. sociated with the devil more lately. Weigle of the Yale Divinity School was chosen First Vice President, Mrs. New Recruits for Ma.ny Fields B. J. Newman of Philadelphia Second Vice President, and the !kv. Dr. Wil- T HE thirtieth annual conference of liam V. Leete of New York Cor- the Board of Foreign Missions of responding Secretary. the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. with its newly appointed mis- Colportage Association Report sionaries was held at 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City, from June A T THE annual meeting of the 8th to 14th. For several years, the Bible Institute Colportage As- Board of 'Foreign Missions of the Resociation of Chicago, founded thirty- formed Church in America has cothree years ago by Dwight L. Moody, operated in this conference and this the secretary's report for the year year the American Baptist Fmeign showed that 226,986 colportage books, Mission Society also cooperated. 137,477 evangelical booklets, 380,246 Seventy-two missionaries have been Scripture portions, and 992,633 gospel appointed since June, 1926, about tracts had been published; also, that fifty of whom attended the conference. 3,896 shipments of gospel literature A number of those appointed are alfor free distribution had been made ready on the field. In addition, there to hospitals, lumber and mining were, at the conference, sixty-six furcamps, prisons and jails, Southern loughed missionaries, representing mountaineers, and vVestern pioneers, nine different countries. The group totaling 433,680 pieces of evangelical of recruits is made up as follows:

Ordained men 14, men physicians 4, of Chile. This is the only Protestant men teachers 5, wives and fiancees 24, school in Chile which has this, double women evangelists 6, women teachers recognition. Its graduates occupy 7, women physicians 2, nurses 7, positions of leadership and trust printer 1, architect 1, dentist 1. throughout Chile, and include mem- bers of Congress, Ministers of State, G.tin in Interracial Cooperation physicians and lawyers of prominence.

I N THE opinion of the monthly More Bibles in Latin America magazine published at Hampton Insbtute, The Southern Workman, T HE American Bible Society rethe annual meeting of the Commission ports increasing sales in practicalfor Interrac~al Cooperation recently ly every Latin American country. held in Atlanta, Ga., "gave fresh During the last three years the proof of the freedom with which white average number of readers of the and colored leaders of the South can Bible in the West Indies has increased now discuss the questions and dif- twenty-five per cent and among the ficulties growing out of the daily con- intellectual classes sixty-three per tacts of the two races. Though cent. In Peru, the entire country ominous tendencies to crowd skilled is open to the Gospel. "What," says Negro workmen out of certa;n profit- the secretary, "would the late Francis able employments were noted, and the Penzotti say if he knew that, during continuance' in several states of un- the year 1926, 1,932 Bibles, 3,314 New just restriction of voting privileges Testaments, and 21,162 Scripture was regretfully recognized, the pre- portions were circulated where, not ponderant emphasis was laid, as it many years ago, he suffered nine should be,on the steady and wide- months in prison in Callao for the spread improvement in interracial crime of circulating the Scriptures ~" 'attitudes. ' …… The reports of the In Brazil, the population has infield secretaries left one in no doubt creased two and one half times in that in Georgia, South Carolina, fifty years, while the circulation of Kentucky, Texas, and elsewhere, the the Scriptures has increased twelve determined, unremitting push of the and one half times for the same faithful few who are actively work- period. ing for tolerance, justice, and kindness is winning substantial results. Newspaper Evangelism in Bra~il Better schools for Negroes, and more of them, are especially in evidence." T HIS method, which has proved so successful in Japan, is being LATIN AMERICA adopted by the Central Brazil Mis- sion of the Presbyterian Church in An Important School in Chile the U. S. A. Rev. Peter G. Baker of Bahia writes: "Small advertisements THE recent earthquake in Santiago, are put in the papers announcing Ch;le, damaged seriously the build- that Christian literature will be sent ings of El Instituto Ingles, Presby- free to anyone who will send his name terian mission school, which this year and address. Upon the receipt of the is to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary request, a small package of tracts and of its founding. EI Instituto Ingles a Gospel are sent, with a letter, tellis the only Protestant school for boys ing the reader that if it is his desire to in the capital city of Chile, and the know more about the Bible and the only Presbyterian institution offering life of Christ, he has the privilege instruction of high school grade in the of joining the reading club by paying whole country. Its graduates are ad- a very small sum each month. By mitted to American universities, and becoming a member of the club, he are also eligible to enter the profes- will have the privilege of withdrawing sional departments of the University

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

a book at a time from the circulating troduce the lawlessness of Soviet communism, library of the club. Among the books so that, upsetting the order in these Spanishlisted are the Bible, religious stories American countries, they may make them an and books on the life and teachings easy prey to foreign domination." It was of Christ. Should a reader fail to confidently heralded abroad that at least join the club at once, literature is three thousand men with banners would sent to him for six months in an en- march in the procession. But a bare three deavor to capture his interest. After hundred, at the utmost count, turned up and this plan had been in operation for many of these were recruited from outside four months, 185 requests had come in parishes. This was the biggest blow the priests had sustained, and there were many signs that it made a deep impression.

from five different states."

GENERAL Evangelistic Methods in Mexico Conference on Faith and Order REV, GEORGE B. HAMMOND, AN AMERICAN, Bishop Brent, is appointed in 1924 to the Presby- to be cha:rman of this great interterian mission in the Federal District national gathering at Lausanne, of Mexico, asks for special prayer for Switzerland, August 3rd to 21st. Bethree forms of missionary effort which fore sailing from New York, he made now seem to him to be most impor- a statement to the press on the signiftant ; namely, ., going out into the icance of the conference, in which he said: "The Lausanne Conference is places where the Gospel has never been the most representative religious aspreached, work in the old centers with sembly that has been held since the people who have never been in- division of the Church centuries ago. fluenced, and radio broadcasting of I believe the era of church conevangelical messages." Of the second troversy is over. We are living in an and third of these he writes: In the old towns and cities] instead of era of church cooperation. Five hun- dred representatives of nearly 100 waiting for people to come to the churches, churches in all parts of the world, men arc working in the streets and markets, from Norway to New Zealand, will selling literature and using the exCUSB of assemble at Lausanne. While Church something to sell as a means of explaining unity is the subject and aim of the the contents of the Bible. The best worker meeting, discussion and recommendais the man who can tell the gospel story tion, rather than legislation, are the to the moet people and there are always means through which the leaders of crowds in the markets who have never heard these denominations hope to advance it……. I am working now with the head the aims of interchurch harmony." of one big institution in the States trying English, French and German will be to persuade him to broadcast sermons in Spanish. That sort of thing would go all Over Mexico.

Costa Rican Men Disobey Priest the official languages of the con- AMANY-sided and lasting impres- ference, with interpreters and trans- sion is said to have been made in lators on hand to make mutual Costa Rica by a recent eight-weeks' understanding easier.

evangelistic campaign, in which the principal speaker was a Porto Rican, World's Evangelical Alliance Don Angel Archilla, a converted THE eightieth anniversary of the founding of this widely-known Jesuit. One of the results is thus de- organization was celebrated with apscribed in The Latin American Evan- propriate ceremonies in London, June gelist: A "solemn peregrination" of men to the H'th to 22nd. While the gathering was not an international one, represhrine of the Virgin of Guadalupe was sentatives of some of the foreign organized by the priest, who has been most branches of the Alliance, especially violent in his opposition to the meetings; those on the Continent, brought greet- , 'to protest against the Protestantism which ings. The activity by which the Al- attempts by its propaganda to tear the faith from Costa Ricans that they may in-

liance is most widely known is the felt in many lands, and has fought many World's Week of Prayer, with which battles in support of spiritual freedom. To· each year begins, and the topics for day there are ominous signs that the old whieh are sent out in advauce from intolerant spirit is not dead, whether it find the London headauarters for use expression in state tyranny or in ecclesias· throughout the world. On one aspect tical exclusiveness. Even on the Continent of the Alliance Evangelical Chris- of Europe there are many proofs that the tendom comments: will to crush conscientious dissidence from either state policy or ecclesiastical narrow· The work of spiritual liberation may seem nesS is still strong. The Alliance, thanking accomplished, for the progres8 of liberty has God for what has been done in the past, been rapid in recent times. To the World's with its unrivalled experience is ready to Evangelical Alliance, religious liberty has step into the breach and fight for freedom been a passion. It has made its influence of conscience finding expressi.on in Christian worship whether the foe be Bolshevism Or church tyranny.

Answers to Missionary History Test for August (Questions on page 615) 1. Eliza Agnew who taught three generations of Cingalese girls in Uduvil Seminary, Ceylon.

2.. The Rt. Hev. Joseph Schereschewsky, Protestant Episcopal 13ishop of Shanghai.

3. "The prospects are as bright as the promises of God." 4. John Rebmann, a missionary of German birth working for the Church lIissionary Society. 5. The Rev. James Evans, missionary to the Indians of the Great Northwest. 6. Mrs. Hannah Catherine Lacroix Mullins, daughter of one missionary and wife of another, both of Calcutta. 7. King Frederic IV, of Denmark. 8. The Mayhew family, of Martha's Vineyard, including Thomas, first governor of the island. ~. The Rev. John Liggins of the Protestant Episcopal Church. 10. Because five missionaries were martyred on it: John Williams and J'ames Harris in 1839; George N. and Ellen C. Gordon in 1861; and James D. Gordon in 1872. 11. Christ Church, "The Church in the Slave Market," the altar of which stands on the exact site of the old Whipping Post. 12. J ames Calvert, missionary to the Fiji Islands. 13. Baron Justinian Von Welz, of Ratisbon. 14. The Rev. William H. Murray, of the Mission to the Chinese Blind at Peking. 15. Boniface (also called Winfrid), "Apostle of Germany." 16. Reginald Heber, the "Poet-Bishop of Calcutta." 17. Isabella Thoburn of the Methodist Mission at Lucknow. 18. John Geddie, missionary to the island of Aneityum, South Seas. ]9. Dr. Eleanor Chestnut, Presbyterian medical missionary at Lien-chou. 20. Because he built the first schoolhouse in the state of Ohio at his Indian settlement, Schonbrunn on the Tuscarawas River, near the present site of the town of Goshen.

books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-

THE REVIEW.

The Revolt of Asia. The End of the White Amer;ca's relation to the revolt, an ]fan's Vvorld Dominance. By Upton "old China hand" thinks, should be Close (Josef Washington Hall). 325 pp. that of a leader stemming the tide $2.50. );cw York. 1927. of revolt, "because she has so little at stake, and because of the Chinese The publishe~s' blurb, "An Ad- venturous Career," not only interests attitude toward the United States.

the reader before opening the volume, Also both Japan and Great Britain but justifies the author's attempt to would find it easier to cooperate under cover so much of Asia in a first-hand American rather than any other lead- way; just as Professor Gowen's ership." This same Briton holds that choice of Prof. Hall as collaborator Washington's unwillingness is due to in his recently published "Outline the missionaries to whom the State History of China" evidenced his his- Department listens" and acts on their torical ability and his novels and con- advice, instead of being a realist in tributions to' the Atlu,ntic Monthly facing this China situation." Hall's fascinated the general reader. attitude toward the Christian propa- The Asiatic revolt is mainly three- ganda is found in Chapter XII, where fold, and condensed into a sentence varying opinions of Chinese leaders "it is against the white man's political are set forth, with the author's opin- Tule, the imposition of his culture and ion that" indigenous Christianity has religion, and, most deep seated of all. broad-minded leaders, such as Dr. T.

the arrogant assumption of social '1'. Lew, and devout supporters among superiority." In August, 1914, the the new intelligentsia and rising in- oonviction began to grow in the minds dustrial plutocracy who will carry it of Asiatic leaders that the day of the through the temporary wave of feel- white man's reckoning had dawned. ing. "

A jaunt with our author from Tokyo " Asia and the ]Taking of America"

to Cairo, with glimpses of such heroes shows our obligations to that conti- as Mahatma Gandhi, "a little naked nent, including our Asiatic trade man," and a delightful-to the reader amounting to $1,966,000,000 in 1926; not to Upton Close-auto excursion while the same chapter touches upon into Persia, Iraq and the land of the our delicate relations in the Philip- "touchy Turk," enable us to see in pines, with the added query, "Are outline the portion of Asia involved. Americans big enough to recognize, Then more intensively we listen to even to the point of sacrifice, the log- ·our author's exposition of conditions ical workings of the ideas they have in China, "the spearhead" crux of implanted 1"

the situation. Professor Hall's ac- lJany of Professor Hall's positions count of how the white man came to are open to violent debate, but on the dominate, how he lost his dominion, whole it is a volume well worth read- how the revolt stands related to the ing and carefully pondering. Prob- British Empire, and less seriously to ably those who know most about Asia Japan, are all illuminating. So, too, will agree with his closing declara- are his chapters on Russia's. "essen- tion: "Weare passing from the era tially Asiatic" relation to the Chinese of Empire by Conquest into the Era republic, and on Chinese differences of Empire by Attraction, Service and and sympathies and the growing com- Business that asks only a fair field ity between Japan and China. and no favors. We have come to the 639

time when any prolonged attempt interracial commissions and the Chris- of any race or nation or class or sex to tian churches. Such organizations, he dominate another can only bring de- believes, are approaching the problem struction to both. It is let live and with increasing open-mindedness and live. It is tolerance, or death." will ultimately bring about a more friendly relation between the races.

The Negro in American tife. Willis J. As a way out of the difficulties King. 154 pp. 75 cents. New York. which the presence of two races in 1926. America has precipitated, Mr. King points to the "way of Jesus "-a way With the :introduction in recent towards which we shall be led by years of courses in race relations in "those crusaders, iYounl!" and old, American colleges and the organiza- white and black, who will dedicate tion of other groups for the study of themselves anew to the principles of race problems it was inevitable that Jesus, resolving to forget the things the facts, figures and opinions on this that are behind-prejudices, tradiperplexing sub.iect be organized sys- tional dislikes, inherited hatreds and tematically in textbooks for the guid- stretch forward to the goal that is ance of students. The valuable before-the Christ conception of hupioneer work of W. D. Weatherford man brotherhood.' '-R. R. M. in this field has now been supplemented by the present volume written from the point of view of the Negro. NatLon Builders. J. Lovell Murray. 12 Mr. King has undertaken a com- mo. 184 pp. 75 cents. Toronto. 1925.

prehensive, but not detailed study of Canada has a rich heritage from the Negro. He treats topically the the noble pioneers who conquered the various phases of Negro life: the his- frontiers and established Christian tory of the Negro, his social land ~hurch()s and schools among the Angloeconomic background; his contribu- Saxon settlers, Indians, Eskimos and tion to American civilization, artistic, imm'grants; . who built up the ideals spiritual and economic; his present and customs of the great territory. status, and the problems which have These brief sketches, by the secretary grown out of the presence of black of the Canadian Council of the Misand white folk in North America. sionary Education Movement, tell of The evident impartiality should thirty ,men and women who have recommend this volume to any stu- rendered distinctive service to Candent beginning a study of race rela- ada. Their lives and activities will tions. The· Socratic method of inspire every earnest, ambitious young instruction by questions and answers man and woman who is responsive to is used but the reader is apt to wish patriotic and Christian example. that the answers were fuller and more original. The book is in a large A New Approach in Missionary Education: measure composed of quotations from A Parish Project. John Clark Archer. other sources from which both ques- 12 mo. 160 pp. $1.75. New York. 1927.

tions and answers are made. There The author is the head of the De- is no bias shown in the selection of partment of Missions in Yale Uni- sources, for Stoddard, Grant and versity, and is a man of practical Josey, exponents of Nordic superior- ideas and experiences.. He here en- ity, are Quoted quite as frequently as deavors to show how adherents of non- Monroe N. Work, W. E. B. DuBois, Christian faiths may be approached James Weldon Jhhnson and other without traditional prejudice and prominent Negroes. without ar()using unnecessary antag- A cheering optimism enables Mr. onism.

King to see four influences working With some fresh and more novel for the amelioration of the confusion ideas, Professor Archer tells how to known as the race problem: study use the pro,ject method to interest a commissions; organizations of youth; whole parish in the subject.