The Missionary Review of the World — February 1935

1935

Idols Falling in China James P. Leynse A Robber's Church in India H. R. Coventry A Century of Medical Work in China J. Oscar Thomson Problems and Encouragements at Home Seen by Home Mission Executives The Success of Missionary Children Ellsworth Huntington Among the Italians in America A. Di Domenica

~bt 1Sing'~ .u~int~~ Augustus Field Beard was born

May 11, 1833, in Norwalk, son of Al- published by gernon Edwin and Mary E. Mallory Beard. After attendmg Williston BIBLE INSTITUTE OF LOS ANGELES Academy, he went to Yale, bemg graduated with the A. B. degree in A monthly Bible Family Magazine with something in it 1857 and receiving his Master's de- gree in 1860. In 1857 and 1858 he for every member of the family circle went to Auburn Theological Seminary, and in 1860, the year that he was I SSUED for twenty-five years without interruption. THE KING'S BUSI- ordained a minister of the Congrega- NESS has consistently represented the best thought of the funda- tional Church, was graduated from mental Christian churches of the nation. In addition to its Union Theological Seminary. interesting contributions by leading teachers, evangelists and pastors, it prints every month several valuable departments, including: An Dr. Beard in 1886 became corre- International Lesson Commentary, Notes on Christian Endeavor, Daily sponding secretary of the American Devotional Readings, Girls' Query Corner, Junior King's Business, and Missionary Association of the Congre- Helps for Preachers and Teachers. Trial subscriptions (3 months) 25c; gational Church. For many years he Annual subscriptions $1.50. The following premiums are at present took a prominent part in the developavailable free with annual subscriptions: a teacher's Bible, a copy of ment of schools and colleges for Nelamison's Bible Chart, or a copy of Objects that Talk and Teach, con- groes in the South, and on his huntaining 52 new and interesting object lessons. The supply of each of dredth birthday anniversary, a fund these premiums is limited, so order at once. of $100,000 was started to provide scholarships for advanced Negro stu- Address: dents.

tlrbt Iting'5 1iusimss *** 558 South Hope Street Los Angeles, California Miss Frances Cecil Heath, one of the most valued leaders of the Y. W. Dates to Remember Obituary Note. C. A. in Great Britain, died on De- cember 30, 1934. She was the daugh- FLORIDA CHAIN OF MISSIONARY Masanobu Ishizaka, first Dean and ter of the late Rev. Christopher and ASSEMBLIES then President of Aoyama Gakuin, Mrs. Heath of Hucclecote and Chelten- Tokyo, died in that city November 8. ham and joined the Y. W. C. A. in For further information, write to His doctor's degree was received at 1912 as Divisional Secretary of the Miss B. Louise Woodford, 930 23d St., Johns Hopkins University. Southern Division of Great Britain. North, St. Petersburg, Fla. She became principal of the Associa- January 26-30-0rlando. Dr. J. J. Ran*som* , p*ioneer Method- tion's Training College in London and January 27-30-Deland. when the College closed Miss Heath Jan u a r y 30-February 1 – P a I m ist missionary to Brazil, died at Nash- went to Jamaica, and put the work of ville, Tenn., October 18. Dr. Ransom the Y. W. C. A. on a lasting founda- Beaches. organized the Methodist Mission in tion so that it has increased in February 2-7-Miami. Brazil, and was an outstanding lin- strength. Her remarkable power with February 7-8-Bradenton. guist and theologian, contributing Colored girls was evident when later February 7-S-Fort Myers. frequently to church periodicals and she went to West Africa to make a February 9-IS-St. Petersburg. translating religious works into Por- survey for the World's Y. W. C. A. February 10-13-Clearwater. tuguese. As a result of her visit a good work February 13-1S-Tampa. was started in Lagos. February 17-19-Lakeland. The Rev. Fr*ede*ric*k Lynch, D.D., February 17-19-Winter Haven. If you use February 19-21-Gainesville. minister, editor and peace advocate, February 23-26-Jacksonville. secretary of the Church Peace Union, PRINTING 1914-26, died in December at his home January 22-2S-Cause and Cure of in New York City, at the age of 67. YOU will profit from an ac- War Conference. Washington, D. C. quaintanceship with us. We Dr. Lynch was born at Peace Dale, do the job complete in our own January 22 – February 16 – Cornell R. 1., and studied at Yale and was or- plant. whether it be large or School for Missionaries, Cornell, dained in the Congregational ministry small. N. Y. in 1899. He edited Christian Work for twenty years, 1906-26, and was While our specialty is Books. February ll-IS-Annual Meeting, In- president (1910-18) of the American Magatines and Pamphlets. vet ternational Council of Religious Scandinavian Foundation. He was a we have a variety of modem Education, Chicago. founder and in 1914-26 secretary of equipment to meet all the re- the World Alliance for International quirements of vour particular February 24-Brotherhood Day. Friendship. job. You will find our service March 8-World Day of Prayer. prompt, careful and courteous. March S-IO-Youth Conference under The Rev. Dr. Augustus F. Beard, the oldest Yale alumnus and the old- Will you allow us to estimate the Auspices of the Greater New est Christian minister in the United on your next printing? We be- York Federation of C h u r c h e s, States, died on December 22d at his lieve you will be delighted with Riverside Church, New York. home in Norwalk, Connecticut. He our product, price and service. was 101 years old on May 11. The EVANGELICAL PRESS He took his first airplane ride at 100. Print.,., of The Mi.s5lonary Retri…. of the WMid He attained wide recognition for his work in the advancement of higher PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE education for Southern Negroes, and third and Reily Str••ts Harrl_l, P.. was for many years secretary of the American Missionary Association.

MISSIONARY issue, and 1 congratulate you. After "We deeply regret that

REVIEW OF THE WORLD I laid it down my wife took it up, and Young, when called upon by the when I came back an hour later she Minister of War, did demon- DELAVAN L. PmRsoN, Editor was still reading it. strate the use of the hand 'bil- lies' on one occasion. This we VOL. LVIII FEB.,1935 No.2 PAUL DE SCHWEINITZ, feel was a serious error on his Trea8urer of the Moravian Church. part. The leading newspapers Publication and Business Oftlce in Ecuador recognize that Mr. Third and Reily Sta., Harrisburg, Pa. *** Young acted from a sincere de- sire to save human life, without Editorial and Executive Office It was a glad surprise to find the thought of gain for himself . . . 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City latest copy of the REVIEW on the S. S. Entered as second-class matter at Empre88 of Canada last summer when "Mr. Young has served as a Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act enroute to Honolulu. Someone ought missionary in Ecuador since of March 3, 1879. to place the REVIEW on other large 1918 and has proved himself to 25 cents a aopY-$2.50 a year. be a devoted servant of Christ, Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. steamers! an earnest and successful win- Published monthly, except August. ner of souls. We believe he acted All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1934. ANNE SEESHOLTZ, Exec. Sec., innocently, although inadvised- British agents, Marshall, Morgan Council of Women for Home Mi8- ly, in this matter." and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, 8ion8, New York, N. Y. DAVID MASON. 10 shlllings a year. *** Personal Items MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- This January MISSIONARY REVIEW LISHING CO., INC. Mr. W. P. Livingstone, of Edin- BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE WORLD, fine as it is all burgh, has retired from editorship of Life and Work, official organ of the RoBERT E. SPEER, President through, appeals to me especially be- Church of Scotland, and the young WM: I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President people's missionary paper, Other WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer cause of its breadth of vision in giv- Lands. Mr. Livingstone is the author DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary of fourteen missionary books, of which SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT ing all Christian matters pertaining the best known are "Mary Slessor of MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD Calabar," "Laws of Livingstonia" and WM. B. LIPPHARD to the Church of Christ throughout "The Galilee Doctor." He is well ERIC M. NORTH known not only in Great Britain and MILTON T. STAUFFER the World. ADELE GREENE. America, but.in Africa, Australia and A. L. W ARNSHUIB the West Indies. His Life of Mary SAMUEL M. ZWEMER Wa8hington, D. C. Slessor has been translated into Ara- bic, Dutch, French, Chinese, Welsh, Editorial Chat "Missions or Hand Grenades" Hindi, Norwegian and Hungarian.

January was the month for taking A Correction *** account of stock; for considering the past and its lessons; and to prepare Exception has been taken to a Carlton M: Sherwood, General Secfor an advance. The Foreign Mis- paragraph in our December retary of the International Society of sions Conference met for this purpose number (page 589), under the Christian Endeavor, has been apin Garden City (Jan. 2 to 4) and the above caption. The information pointed Executive Director of the As- Home Missions Conference in Phila- was copied from The Living sociated Boards for Christian Colleges delphia (Jan. 6 to 10). Both meetings Church which, in turn, quoted in China, with headquarters in Bosof missionary executives are briefly from testimony presented at the ton. reported in our "Topics of the Times." munitions inquiry in Washing- Fuller reports can be obtained from ton. Letters from Rev. A. C. Dr. John H.* Fi*nley*, educator and the headquarters of the Foreign Mis- Snead, and from Rev. David Masions Conference, now at 156 Fifth son, Foreign Secretaries of the publicist, has accepted the national Avenue, New York, and of the Home Christian and Missionary Alli- chairmanship of "Brotherhood Day" Missions Council and the Council of ance, under which Mr. Young which will be observed by Protestants, Women for Home Missions, 105 East was sent as a missionary to Catholics and Jews on February 24, 22d Street, New York. The REVIEW Ecuador, throw light on the mat- 1935. is cooperating, heartily but unofficial- ter. These letters and The Ally, with these interdenominational or- liance Weekly contain the fol- Rev. Frank T*. C* ar*twright, Associganizations and with all evangelical lowing comments on the incimission boards and societies, denom- dent: ate Secretary of the Methodist Forinational or independent, that are eign Board, is touring the mission seeking to make Christ known and to "During 1932, there was con- fields to study cooperative problems enlist men and women in His service. siderable political turmoil in in Japan, Korea, China, the Philip- Ecuador, with frequent revolu- pines and Malaysia. The aim of the REVIEW is to pre- tions, during which many lives sent the universal need for Christ and were lost, including the lives of *** His Gospel and to report how God is innocent bystanders, among them working today in all parts of the a fine Ecuadorian Christian. In Miss Sue Weddell, Secretary of world to reveal Himself, to save men order to prevent further blood- You n g Peoples' Work, Reformed from sin and eternal death, and to shed Mr. Young suggested to the Church in America, has been elected establish His sovereign control in all authorities that tear-gas might Chairman of the Board of Managers lands and in all realms of life. be used in place of guns to over- of the Missionary Education Move- come the unruly rebellious mobs. ment. *** As a result, communication was established between the Minis- *** Encouragement comes from letters ter of War and the Federal Labwhich tell of the way God is using the oratories and sample "billies"- Miss Anne Seesholtz, Executive REVIEW to stimulate interest in our tear gas bombs – were sent Secretary of the Council of Women readers and enlist them in His service. through the regular Government for Home Missions, has received a Some of these write as follows: channels to Ecuador. We are as- degree of Doctor of Philosophy from sured that Mr. Young did not Columbia University. Her field is This afternoon I did something that take orders for the bombs. History and Philosophy of Religion. is psychologically all wrong, but I could not help it. I took up the Janu- [49 ] ary REVIEW and read it from cover to cover. I simply could not stop. I think it is an exceptionally interesting

A CHINESE CHRISTIAN ARTIST INTERPRETS CHRIST'S

1. The Parable of the Great Supper. 2 The Broad and Narrow Gates. 3. The Wise ",nd Foolish Virgins. 4. The Good Shepherd Returning. 5. "Ask and It Shall Be Given You." REVIB ORLD AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS VOLUME LVIII FEBRUARY, 1935 NUMBER Two —-~- —–~~—————————————— Topics of the Times HOME MISSIONS TODAY IN AMERICA of the Church to move with the frontier and to establish churches and schools. In our own day geographical fron- Some of the present-day problems and challenge tiers are shifting, as in the Tennessee Valley development.

in the task of making America Christian was pre- By the turn of the twentieth century the frontier had sented in the twenty-seventh Annual Meeting of shifted from the West to the industrial communities of the Home Missions Council and the Council of the East, from Anglo-Saxon to the Slavic, Latin and Women for Home Missions which met in Phila- Semitic races. The Church never really occupied this delphia, January 7th to 10th. The presiding offi- frontier, with serious consequences for the America of to- day. This frontier still lies as a challenge before the cers were Dr. Charles E. Schreffer, Secretary of home mission agencies. But the frontier of the new day is largely social-inthe Reformed Church in the United States Board dustrial, economic. It is psychological and spiritual. Conof Home Missions, and Mrs. Daniel A. Poling, gregationalists are creating a Social Action Department, President of the Council of Women for Home and the Baptists have appointed a Christian Social Action Missions. The topics discussed included young Commission. There can be no doubt that it is the func- people's work, pioneering, migrant workers, In- tion of the Church to cultivate social insight, to create social sympathies, to cultivate social imagination-that dian work, Jews, New Americans, West Indies, the effect of individual conduct or social action may be Alaska, rural work, church buildings, Orientals, envisaged-and to cultivate in individuals and groups not cooperation and strategy and planning for the only a willingness to share but the courage to create situa- future. The home mission study topic for the year tions under which they must share. As the Church dur- ing the eighteenth century prepared men to serve on the (1935-6) is the "Next Steps in Home Missions." geographical frontier and later other men to serve on racial frontiers, should not the Church and its home lPis- The major emphases of the message for the sion agencies now definitely set apart men for service present day were enumerated by Dr. Chas. H.

Sears as follows: along the new social frontiers?

The current demands upon religion are for spiritual Home mission leaders must be quick to shift their stratpower to transcend difficult and almost baffling circum- egy to meet changed conditions, recognizing that "Church stances that confront us. Men look to the Church to cul- extension" demanded on the geographic frontier is not tivate the resources of the Spirit. The human spirit can the "Church extension" required on the social frontiernever be satisfied with its material environment for it fewer new churches, more outreach in ministry. The has needs which no social order can satisfy. The time- home mission programs required today must meet the reless task of the Church is to cultivate the powers of the ligious needs of people and the social needs of individuals Spirit by which great souls rise superior to and become and communities rather than seek only to save one's self.

victorious over circumstance. The work in the home mission fields was ably Men look to the Church to cultivate the active mood reviewed by Dr. Wm. R. King, Executive Secre- through which men are inspired to lay the foundations of social life in accord with Christian principles. The tary of the Council. There are now twenty-six Christian Church must not fail it at such a time as this. denominations cooperating and the Council is also It must ever recognize the essential character of religion affiliated with ten interdenominational bodies, -that religion is life and is dependent upon spiritual nineteen State Home Mission Councils, fifteen forces. Current demands upon home mission agencies include State Councils of Churches, forty-five City Church programs that comprehend the whole task of the Church; Federations, and nine cooperative regional com- programs that are extensive and that carry vital religion missions. Cooperation between evangelical agen- along the shifting frontiers of American life-geographi- cies is a great feature of the two Home Mission cal, racial, social. Within one hundred years after the Councils.

close of the Revolutionary War the geographical frontier T~e p.resent trends to which Dr. King called atof America was pushed forward from the Appalachian Mountains almost to the Pacific Coast. It was the task tentIon Include (1) improvement in financial sup- [ 51 ]

port; (2) consolidation and simplification in "Confessional Synod," cannot be foreseen. Up to board organization and administration; (3) in- the present the contributions to the missionary creased cooperation between denominational agen- societies have been well maintained. The threat- cies; (4) new steps toward comity to eliminate ened collapse is due to the restrictions which the overlapping and waste of energy and money; (5) Government, owing to financial circumstances, has greater emphasis on evangelism and the need for imposed on German exchange. The transmission spiritual awakenings, with plans for Gospel of money out of Germany has been greatly re- preaching missions; (6) there are also unfavora- stricted and though the German missionary soci- ble trends toward denominational emphasis due eties have funds at their disposal they are not to a mistaken idea of the need for self-preserva- allowed to send them out of the country excepting tion; (7) anti-religious and anti-denominational as authorized by the Government.

activity; (8) attacks on home missions as an out- The normal expenditures of the German evan- of-date enterprise – due to prejudice or lack of gelical missionary societies on their work abroad information. has been approximately $1,650,000 a year, of The fourfold challenge to the Christians in which about $500,000 was for general missionary American churches was outlined as follows: (1) purposes such as the payment of indigenous work- To realize and make known the great present-day ers, the maintenance of institutions and general need and to employ more effective methods to running expenses, while the remainder covered meet that need; (2) to unify the study and ap- the allowances to German missionaries. It was proach to the problem and the attempts at the hoped that a certain amount (probably less than solution, without interfering with individual ini- half the normal sum required) would be allowed tiative and operation; (3) to put home missions to be transmitted for this latter purpose, since .

to the fore as an inspiring service for Christ and the Government recognizes an obligation towards mankind and a vital part of each church program; its own nationals overseas. The latest informa- (4) a determination to advance in spite of diffi- tion is, however, that the restrictions on exchange culties, to regain lost ground and to evangelize will not permit the sending of even this limited untouched fields and un-Christian areas of life. contribution. In November, only 8,500 marks were The Church must, under the guidance and power available for the total support of German mission- of God, conquer atheism, materialism, and selfish- ary work throughout the world. The German fields ness. Christ alone is able to solve all problems thus receive no money at all from home, or at the but He evidently does not plan to solve them alone. best an insignificant amount. It needs little im- As Head of the Church He calls for the devoted agination to realize the difficulties and distress cooperation of His followers. created by the sudden cutting off of customary The conference this year passed special resolu- supplies from the home base for the churches in tions urging the adoption of the Costigan-Wagner the field. The German societies have appealed to anti-lynching bill; the observance of "Sanctuary the missionary societies in other countries to come Sunday"; approval of the Religion and Welfare to their aid in the attempt to mitigate the dire ef- Recovery Movement, and of the Young People's Spiritual Emphasis Movement. fects of the calamity. The Conference of Missionary Societies in Great The president of the Home Missions Council for the coming year is Dr. E. M. Halliday, of the Britain invited representatives of the German Congregational Church. Mrs. Daniel A. Poling missionary societies to come to London to c~mfer continues to be the efficient president of the Coun- with a subcommittee of its Standing Committee cil of Women for Home Missions. The next an- and with the officers of the International Missionnual Home Missions Conference is to be held in ary Council. The conference took place at Edin- Washington, D. C., early in January, 1936, and burgh House on November 12 and 13, 1934, and will center its attention chiefly on Town and Coun- each of about twenty-five German mission fields try work, and the Rural Fields, which is to be was examined in detail. The result showed that home mission study topic for the year 1937-8. at least $250,000 a year, or half of the amount hitherto transmitted for general missionary pur- A CRISIS IN GERMAN MISSIONS poses, would be required to meet pressing needs. It was assumed that the German societies would The work of German evangelical missions be allowed t; remit in addition at least some part throughout the world is threatened with catas- of the money required for missionary salaries- trophe. The primary cause is not the conflict an assumption which is likely to prove mistaken.

within the German Church, though how that con- Real and urgent as the need is, it is clear that flict may affect the work of the missionary socie- in the present financial straits in which the mis- ties, all of which have identified themselves with sionary societies in all countries find themselves the movement represented by the conservative there is little hope of obtaining from their con-

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

stituencies additional contributions to anything tress during a limited period, probably not longer like the amount required. On the other hand, the than the end of next June. The figures given in Church throughout the world cannot stand aside an earlier paragraph are an indication of the exand see the fruits of one hundred years of mission tent of the need. Similar appeals are being made work fall into ruins. in Great Britain and the Scandinavian countries.

A continuance of German missionary work on Some missionary societies outside Germany its former basis is impossible unless the restric- have special links or associations with a particutions on foreign exchange are relaxed. The Ger- lar German mission and consequently may regard man societies, like the missionary societies in it as a special obligation to give help in that quarother countries, though in a still more drastic and ter. There is no reason why special efforts of this abrupt way, may be obliged to reconstruct their nature, while retaining their distinctive character, whole work to meet the altered conditions. But should not be coordinated with a more general efthis task, though it must be taken in hand at once, fort in which the missionary societies in other cannot be carried through in a day. It will have, countries seek collectively to bring aid to the soremoreover, to be undertaken in international con- ly pressed churches established by the German sultation and cooperation. If the German mission- missions. In order to avoid duplication of efforts, ary societies are prevented from supplying either and to provide for cooperation, it is urgently remen or money for their fields, a large and impor- quested that the offices of the International Mistant work, hitherto conducted by a German mis- sionary Council, now at 156 Fifth Avenue, New sion, is threatened with complete collapse, a situa- York, be used as a clearing house of information tion may be created in which some other society and that notice of all funds sent from any source outside Germany working in an adjoining field in North America to any German mission, and may feel under an obligation to come to its aid. the place to which they are sent, should be at once communicated to the same office* In order that these possibilities may be explored, a breathing space is essential. In the A. L. WARNSHUIS. meantime there are needs of extreme urgency to be met. Unless some help is immediately forth- FORWARD IN FOREIGN MISSIONS coming the catastrophe may be complete. Like Napoleon's drummer boy, the foreign mis- The facts were fully reported to the Committee sion leaders of North America "know not how to of Reference and Counsel of the Foreign Missions beat a retreat"-but for a different reason. The Conference of North America and upon the rec- Foreign Missions Conference of North America, ommendation of that Committee, the Conference including some 200 missionaries, executives and on January 3d adopted the following resolutions: other leaders of the United States and Canada, met (January 2 to 4) at Garden City, Long Island, That this Annual Conference commend to the churches in their forty-second annual conference. They and boards an appeal for contributions to an Emergency faced frankly old and new difficulties that con- Fund for immediate relief to German missions and with a front the enterprise at home and abroad-financial view to providing for a period of a few months in which straits; indifference in the churches; opposition plans may be developed for the necessary support of the and regulation by governments in Mexico and foreign missions of the churches in Germany. other lands; Roman Catholic antagonism to evan- gelical work in the Congo; divided forces and at That the Conference entrust this appeal and the Emer- times rival programs among Protestants; weak gency Fund to a special committee with the officers of the national churches; nationalism; materialism, ra- International Missionary Council. tionalism and godless communism. These and other difficulties do not dismay or discourage mis- That we authorize the special committee to seek a con- sionary leaders who are conscious that the forces ference with the German Ambassador to the United States that are for us are greater, far greater, than those to discuss with him the conditions in Germany which have against us. The Christian Church has always led to this regulation, and to learn how we may be of help, faced insuperable difficulties-insuperable to men and to inquire how some plan may be worked out which but not to God. would lessen the burden of our German fellow missionaries. A dark picture of economic and political condi- That this Annual Conference instruct the special com- tions in Europe was painted by Stanley Highmittee to express to the German Missionary Conference Congregational pastor, editor and radio speaker. the sincere sympathy of this Annual Conference and an It was a picture without much light or hope for assurance of its united prayers and such assistance as may be practicable with the hope that effective relief may • Contributions to the German Mission Emergency Fund may be soon be found from the difficult situation in which the Ger- sent to the office of the F'oreign Missions Conference, 156 Fifth man missions are now placed. Avenue, New York, and, in accordance with advice received from the German societies, these will be sent immediately where the need Is These resolutions have been put into effect im- greatest. mediately and an appeal has been sent to all the Foreign Mission Boards in North America to contribute to the proposed Emergency Fund. No definite amount has been fixed for this fund, but the aim is only to provide relief for urgent dis-

he failed to take God and His forces into account. to Christ by word of mouth and by Christlike life The facts, the shadows cast by human selfishness and service. Their appeal was very sympatheti- and sin, cast a gloom over the earth, but we must cally received and was referred to a committee not forget that God can change the whole situa- for further conference and recommendations.

tion over night. Here is manifested a revival of the missionary Dr. Herbert H. Farmer, a professor in Hartford spirit among college-trained youth that led to the Theological Seminary, clearly and cogently pre- formation of the Student Volunteer Movement a sented the brighter side of the picture, calling half century ago.

attention not only to the great need of man but to Other speakers at the conference included Dr. the saving power of God at work in the world. Francis Wei, of China; Dr. J. Oscar Thompson, Dr. Farmer pointed out that the Christian mes- of Canton; Dr. Victor G. Mills, of Montclair, and sage is uniquely adopted to the present age and Dr. Nicol Macnicol, formerly secretary of the that no man has the right to change this divine National Christian Council of India. Dr. Robert message to suit his own view of what will meet P. Wilder, who has given nearly half a century to human need. God speaks to the world through the missionary cause-in India, America, Europe, Christ and He speaks to His Church through the and the Near East-was introduced to the conferworld events that reveal human need.* ence.

One afternoon was spent in considering the Dr. John R. Mott was elected Chairman for the "Next Steps in Missions," but while helpful coming year, and it is proposed to hold the next thoughts were presented there seemed to be no annual meeting from January 8 to 10, 1936, in a clearly-defined program for advance. Dr. Fred place not yet designated. The annual budget F. Goodsell of Boston reported that the American required is $51,000. One of the features of this Board plans to emphasize evangelism-or "The year's meeting was the presence of a larger numexperience of Christ in modern life"; social action ber of younger people than usual, under thirty -or the application of Christianity to present-day years of age, a feature that it is proposed to conproblems; more cooperation in mission work; and tinue. One lack in this year's program was any a financial advance that will endeavor to enlist a effective presentation of concrete, up-to-date facts larger number of givers rather than to secure from the mission fields; the weakness of some larger gifts. Miss Sallie Lou MacKinnon of the discussions of present-day problems 'was the lack Methodist Church, South, convincingly recom- of any adequate suggestions as to their solution. mended that missionaries be given more liberty The Foreign Missions Conference has, in past to work outside of established institutional pro- years, been the means of achieving many valuable grams-as Dr. Stanley Jones is doing in India and results in cooperation at home and abroad, in China and Dr. George Howard in South America. promoting missionary preparation, and in develop- The success of these plans depends on the guidance ing leadership and strength in the churches on the and power of the Spirit of God working in and field. through the missionaries. Dr. Alexander Paul, of the United Christian Missionary Society, rec- CONDITIONS IN SOUTH INDIA ommended that more power and authority be given Gandhi's political influence in India seems to be to National Christian leaders; Dr. S. G. Ziegler, diminishing. Many Indians are criticising the of the United Brethren Mission Board, strongly methods that he has employed. Some are trying advocated seeking to recapture for the Church the to gain results by working for majorities in the vision of the lost condition of the 800,000,000 or conventions. It is evident that the "Self-respect more still unevangelized, whose supreme need is Movement" in the middle classes, has gained for Christ and His salvation. God offers to do for markedly in extent and influence. It is mixed man that man cannot do for himself. Dr. John with Bolshevistic aims and works openly against R. Mott, who has recently returned from South religion. Such circles are openly hostile to Indian and Central Africa and is about to revisit the Far nationalism as it finds expression in Gandhi. East, gave one full evening to the subject of the Wherever he appears they wave the black flags need for further union and cooperation among which are their symbol, in protest against him.

the followers and forces of Christ. Gandhi is also compelled to face the opposition of One of the stirring features of the conference the orthodox- Hindu circles. Many Brahmins are was the personal appeal to the mission boards by enraged because he is fighting for the admission a group of Hartford Seminary students-of varied talents and church affiliations-who are asking to of the "untouchables" to the temples. be sent as a unit to some mission field for pioneer work, without guaranteed salaries, to bear witness All this points to the fact that the Indians can not be helped by mere political agitation. They need the Gospel of Christ, which alone can create • We expect to publish this address in our March number. a new beginning.-Leipzig Mission Report.

CHINESE PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS-LIVING GRADUATES OF CANTON MISSION

A Century of Medical Work in China* By J. OSCAR THOMSON, M.D., Canton Hospital, Canton, China T HE Centennial of the founding of the Canton The Canton Hospital, although it has had to Hospital in 1835 has a peculiar interest for close its doors on three occasions, has survived me. My father was in charge of the hospital many stirring events: Wars and sieges of Canton at the fiftieth anniversary in 1885, the year of my in 1840, 1856, and 1884; the T'ai P'ing rebellion; birth, and wrote a history of the hospital and of the Boxer outbreak of 1900; the Revolution of the Medical Missionary Society in China. At the 1911; the frequent contests of the warlords since. anniversary he read a letter from Dr. Peter and the political typhoon of 1926-28. Our insti- Parker, the founder of the institution and the tution has helped to produce, directly or indirectly, originator of modern medical missions, who many of the constructive movements in the modwrote: ernization of China. It has been an important factor in opening the doors of China. The fourth of November, 1835, was the date of my opening the Ophthalmic Hospital in Canton. To the adorable When we consider the conditions that existed in Saviour Jesus Christ be given the praise and gratitude of China, that walled in nation, in the early nineall the millions who, by the instrumentality of medical teenth century, we have the greatest admiration missionaries in the past, present and future, shall have for the courage and wisdom of the pioneers. Wells become acquainted with His unspeakable and divine char- Williams wrote: acter.

The chairman of the fiftieth anniversary meet- Owing to the increased hostility of the Chinese authoriing, the British Consul General Sir Challoner Ala- ties, the mission at Canton was now more than ever baster, remarked that because of the greatness of cramped and confined in its operations and perplexed bethe object and the importance of the work, others yond measure. The arrival of Dr. Peter Parker from New would be commemorating the one hundredth an- York in 1834 had added to the force an enthusiastic misniversary fifty years hence. sionary of exceptional vigor and ability who by his med- ical training was able to introduce a new factor that has • Substance of an address given at the Medical Missionary Dinner, performed a service of the highest importance between New York, December 14, 1934. Chinese and foreigners by removing their mutual mis- understandings. This was the establishment at Canton [ 55 ]

of a dispensary and hospital for the free treatment of organization which has a Council on Medical Mis- Chinese. sions of which the Chinese president of the Asso- Not only did Parker render a great service in ciation is a member, and which has a Section on "opening up China by his lancet" to missionary Medical Missions at the biennial conferences. work, but he also created in America and Europe What a fine culmination to the work of Parker, much interest in medical missions while the hos- Kerr and other noble men and women who had a pital was closed in 1840 owing to the war. superb vision and a Divine Leader.

The organization of the Medical Missionary So- The hospital compound at Kuk Fau in the centre ciety in China in 1838 is an indication of the eager of Canton, facing the Pearl River, and on the acceptance by the Chinese of the benefits of mod- most important street of the city of Rams, is a ern medicine, surgery in particular, and the in- great medical and missionary centre. It is a terest in medical missions on the part of all classes splendid viewing stand for momentous events.

of foreigners in China, merchants and officials, The daily exodus on the passage boats to all parts as well as missionaries. It was a splendid example of the delta takes place at the hospital gate. De- of a cooperative effort on a wide scale, that is feated and conquering armies pass the front door.

needed again today. It was international, Amer- The "Dare to Dies," wearing union suits of under- ican, British, and Chinese cooperating. It was wear as a uniform, carrying baskets of bombs, interdenominational, Congregationalists, Presby- passed by. Processions of all kinds, political, terians, Wesleyans, Episcopalians, Baptists, Quak- anti-foreign, anti-gambling, anti-opium, colorful ers and other denominations working harmoni- weddings and funerals are seen. Frequent clashes ously together. It was the first organization defi- of armies near or around the compound, with nitely to combine the alleviation of human suffer- rushes of noncombatants up the hospital lane to ing and the extension of Christianity. Its pros- escape the flying bullets. One campaign across pectus envisioned the spreading of scientific medi- the river lasted for a week, the hospital being in cine and Christianity throughout China-medical the centre of the fighting zone, and gunboats par- education, specialization in hospital work and ticipating, at a time when it was impossible to medical research, to benefit mutually the Orient evacuate the patients. Sun Yat-sen's gunboats and Occident. passed repeatedly up and down the river firing on Following the retirement of Dr. Peter Parker the soldiers on the Bund. Wounded from both and the burning of the hospital building which sides were in the hospital simultaneously. We Howqua, the Chinese senior Hong merchant had witnessed the massacre of the defeated· on one provided, Dr. John G. Kerr, a graduate of Jeffer- occasion; the assasination of high officials; fires son Medical College, reestablished the Pok Tsai -eight hundred houses burned on the north bank Hospital ("Hospital of Universal Benevolence") of the river, coming close to the hospital, when at the present site. For forty-four years he did a change of wind blew the sparks across the river great and enduring work. He built up a large and destroyed two hundred dwellings there. An- hospital. He wrote and translated many medical other fire extended for half a mile along the Bund, textbooks, the wood blocks of which were still at in front of the hospital, with a south wind blow- the hospital when I arrived twenty-five years ago. ing the sparks over the premises, and setting fire More than a hundred Chinese physicians were to wharves and passage boats which were left trained during his term of service. They became stranded by the ebb tide. The exploding ammuni- pillars of the church and highly respected leaders tion of the anti-pirate guards prevented the ap- of the medical profession. proach of the firefighters. Then there was the My father was intimate with Dr. Kerr and had great flood of 1915, aggravated by the floating great affection for him. One of the most impor- burning oil. Wrecks and drownings in the river tant events of that period was the organization of' are numerous.

the China Medical Missionary Association in 1887, The Revolution of 1911 introduced a new era of which Dr. Kerr was the first president. This for China, with modern medicine firmly estab- has been an important factor in the building up lished. Changes of government, attended by civil of modern medicine in China. The final and most and feudal wars have followed. Our institution convincing proof of the worth and status of med- has served as a base hospital, receiving the cream ical missions in China was the amalgamation in of the wounded (from a professional viewpoint) 1932 of the China Medical Association and the those with retained bullets or shell fragments or National Medical Association to form the Chinese with wounds of the head, chest or abdomen. The Medical Association, a wonderful example of maintenance of discipline has been an important union between a missionary and a national or- task requiring, for instance, the prevention of a ganization, "a fine instance of friendly interna- revolver fight amongst the bodyguard of a dying tionalism in -science." This is a national medical colonel over the regimental treasure chest. More

A CENTURY OF MEDICAL WORK IN CHiNA

than one hundred serious cases :kave been brought of Dr. Sun's dissatisfaction with conditions exist- to the hospital at one time, requiring the use of ing in China and his new ideas and thoughts were six operating tables. After the institution was developed while in the Canton Hospital and from full to the doors, wounded soldiers with retained there spread throughout China. On the occasion missiles have been brought from military hos- of the 80th anniversary in 1915, the President of pitals to have the foreign bodies removed and China, Lei Yuan Hung, sent a congratulatory tele- were then carried back. Seven pounds weight of gram and a gift of five thousand dollars. At the bullets were removed from wounded soldiers and eighty-fifth anniversary (1920), President Hsu civilians in one year,. Amongst the gunshot Shi Chang wrote a commendatory letter and do- wounds were many unusual cases such as the nated one thousand dollars. To commemorate the Yunnanese officer who was shot through the brain ninetieth anniversary, in appreciation of its serv- one year, and through the heart the next – and ices and to allow for its extension, the Govern- survived. One man, with twenty-six shrapnel ment of China, through the Mayor of Canton, Mr.

bullets distributed throughout his anatomy, Sun Fo, son of Dr. Sun, made a grant to the hos- wanted the removal of those not located in dan- pital of a splendid tract of land chosen by us.

gerous situations! When raising the twelve thousand graves which Gunshot wounds, tumors and vesical calculi are were on the land, some said to be four thousand common conditions. In Guy's Hospital, London, years old, we were reminded of Ezekiel's vision of and at Yale are paintings of many of Parker's the valley of dry bones, accompanied as it was by massive tumor cases; tumors with pedicles, caus- the rejuvenation then taking place in China.

ing neither pain nor disability are stock in trade Had Dr. Sun Yat-sen lived, it is probable that for beggars who are fortunate enough to possess China would have been spared the political ty- them. One man was reluctant to lose his fourteen- phoon in 1926 and 1927, with its communistic, pound parotid tumor of the neck because it served labor, anti-foreign, hypernationalistic and anti- as a comfortable pillow! Ten different "Chung Christian agitation. The events of those years Yees" in turn had guaranteed to cure a man with were varied and interesting. After a blockade of cervical lymphosarcoma. We had to treat him as the hospital for three days by the order of the a charity case and pay his way home after we had communistic labor leaders, because we declined to alleviated his pain by ligating his common carotid surrender the right to control the hospital em- artery. An infant, two days old, fell into a nat- ployees, we closed down the institution and dis- ural sleep while a teratoma, larger than its head, persed the staff and patients. At a conference was removed under local anesthesia, and went with the noncommunistic officials, who did all they home cured. More than four thousand operations could to help us, the editor of the Government's for the removal of vesical calculi have been per- English newspaper said, "Don't give in. You are formed in the Canton Hospital, some of the pa- in the right." Later he printed in full our version tients coming from long distances. A Chinese of the affair written at his request. ·When the living in Baltimore entered the Johns Hopkins storm had blown over we were thanked by Chinese Hospital with a large hernia. When told that he leaders for having resisted the impossible de- required an operation he returned to China to mands of the labor agitators and thus exposing have it done at Poktsai. their ignorance and intolerance. In the records Chinese Appreciation of the chief Russian communist, found after their expUlsion, was the statement, "The Canton Hos- At the seventy-fifth anniversary of the hospi- pital affair was badly managed."

tal's foundation, Dr. Sun Yat-sen, then President It was obvious that a movement which could of China, was present, lauded the work of the in- temporarily wreck such an institution as the Can- stitution where he had commenced the study of ton Hospital, the first benevolent institution in medicine while my father was in charge, and gave China, was artificially inspired, abnormal, un- a donation. Some years later on another visit to healthy and would not be permanent. The three the hospital to see the wounded, we took him to periods, before, during and after the chaotic years the operating room where we were about to com- of 1926 and 1927 were epochal, as different as mence work on the wounded. As we exposed the those prior to, during and following the French seat of injury of the first patient, Dr. Sun as- revolution. An official told me that were it not sumed from its location that the soldier had been for the mission schools and hospitals, little educa- wounded in the back whilst in rapid retreat from tional or medical work would have been done in the battlefield. He grunted, "Shot in the back," China during the past two decades. He also dep- and declined to examine any oether patients. Lay- recated the too rapid devolution of such institu- ing the cornerstone of our new building some tions as tending to lower standards.

months ago the Mayor of Canton said that much At the present time China is definitely discard-

ing its ancient ideas, traditions and customs, as The next meeting of the Chinese Medical Asso- indicated by the "New Life" and similar move- ciation, which is to be held in Canton in the first ments, and is seeking to find a self-respecting week of November, 1935, to commemorate the place in this modern age. The Government was centenary of the introduction of modern medicine anxious to have the Canton Hospital reopened, into China, will take place in the new Canton Hos- but it seemed wise to await the return of more pital building. It is essential that the Mission stable conditions and to avail ourselves of the op- Boards with medical work in China be well repre- portunity to reorganize and plan for another cen- sented in order that wise and coordinate plans tury of work if necessary. The deserted hospital may be prepared for ano~her century of work, if compound resembled a tropical jungle or a buried necessary.

city. It was possible to carry out plans that had We do not talk of "devolution" in Canton, but been maturing for some years. The Canton Hos- of cooperation, with gradually increasing Chinese pital was transferred to Lingnan University, control. The Occident and the Orient, the older which has a strong Chinese Christian Board of and the newer churches, are sharing in a common Directors with foreign representation. President task of establishing the Kingdom of Heaven on Chung told me recently that his chief concern is earth. The Canton Hospital still supplies many that the university shall maintain a strong Chris- converts to the church, many cured and happy patian influence, which he considers to be the chief, tients open doors to the Gospel and form centres if not the only reason for its continued existence. for evangelization. A few days before I left on He also remarked that buildings can be secured furlough a missionary lady visited the hospital and from Chinese sources, but that the needed for- said, "We have an enthusiastic new convert in our eign personnel and its maintenance must be sought church. She says you took away her thyroid from abroad. Some of the Chinese faculty mem- gland without her knowing it or having any pain; bers are the salt of the earth. The brother of a and while in the hospital she heard the Gospel." laundryman in America is one of the best. He is a Ph.D. of an American University and sang What are some of the results of the work? with the Glee Club. Most important of all are changed lives. The Liu family serves as an example. The father, Dr. Liu The next step was to arrange for the affiliation Tak Shaang, was a graduate of our medical school of the Hackett Medical School for Women (Amer- and served on the staff. Later he became college ican Presbyterian Board) to Lingrian University physician at the Canton Christian College (now and Canton Hospital, and to make it coeduca- known as Lingnan University). With the help tional. At the home of the Mayor of Canton, a of the college faculty, Mrs. Liu, after the death of Chinese lady, head of a large government scl,lOol her husband, continued the education of her famand of a hospital, told a "Medical Fact Finder" of ily, all of whom are college graduates. President the Laymen's Commission that the graduates of Hackett are abler, more dependable and have a Chung highly recommends her as a teacher of much finer spirit of service than those of govern- home economics! One daughter is a director of ment medical schools. The Pok Tsai and Yau Lingnan University and in charge of an impor- Tsai medical centres give postgraduate training tant school. She was overheard saying to Mr.

to interns and thus provide the outlying mission Sun Fo, also a Lingnan director, after a meeting hospitals with physicians. of the Board: "My students never had the objec- A new building is now being erected at the Can- tion to the study of the Bible that they have to the ton Hospital, most of the funds for which have compulsory study of your father's (Dr. Sun Yat- come from Chinese sources. In planning the new sen's) textbook, the San Man Chue Yee." A son, building there were many factors to be taken into a graduate of Cornell, is an expert in sericulture consideration: It must be a modern scientific and rural reconstruction and is doing splendid teaching hospital under Christian auspices, in the work for the government and for Lingnan Uni- tropics, with long, hot and humid summers and versity. Another daughter is the energetic and short, humid, cold winters; with the possibility efficient head of the Mission Union Normal School of foreign aggression, international wars, civil and in Canton; a sister is in charge of a large school feudal strife; blockades, strikes, and boycotts; in Macao which, though a Protestant institution, typhoons, fires, floods, and white ants, noise, dirt has the cordial support of the Portuguese Govern- and smoke. It must be an institution that would ment. A y6unger sister is our very attractive have the approval of the twenty or more organiza- young social service director. An interesting case tions-religious, mission and professional-that that she reconstructed was a young beggar woman have an oversight over the work of our staff mem- with a large abdominal tumor that had been grow- bers, also of the Chinese Government and its de- ing for nine years, the supporting factor for her partment of health, and finally of the many com- husband and son. When in desperate condition missions that tour the Orient! she lay down at the hospital gate to die, penniless.

IDOLS FALLING IN CHINA

We admitted her, improved her general condition Association medical missions have become an inand removed the tumor. Well-to-do patients in tegral and permanent part of the medical system the hospital became interested in her and contrib- of China. Where the pioneers had first to attack, uted to her future support. The husband, hearing then later to lead, now as partners, representaof this, tried to get the money, and being refused, tives of the older and younger churches share in was so unpleasant to her that she attempted to the task of reconstruction and harvesting. commit suicide. We frightened the man away, and the woman recovered. Miss Liu taught her fancy Observing several wooden idols floating down sewing and found her a place, ·first in the home the river we asked a passerby the reason. He reof the Moderator of the Church of Christ in China, plied, "We have no use for idols in this enlightin order to test her honesty. A new use for a ened age." Is Christianity or materialism to premoderator! Then she got work for her elsewhere. vail in China? The Moderator of the Church of The former beggar is now a strong, handsome, Christ in China, Rev. Y. S. T'aam, has written, independent, self-respecting woman, supporting "This comes at just the time when there are unherself and her son, and interested in hearing of surpassed opportunities open to the Christian the Great Physician. Church. The Gospel preaching is eagerly listened to." Dr. Stanley Jones, when in Canton, said: There are many other such families. On our "This situation constitutes the greatest evanhospital staff are a number of second and third gelistic opportunity in the world." generation Christians, and individuals whose ancestors served in it. Thoroughly qualified Chinese What is our object? We are earnestly looking graduates of foreign universities are now serving forward to the time when such institution~ as the on the staffs of our mission hospitals, as heads of Hospital of Universal Benevolence will no longer departments and taking their turn leading morn- be needed; to the time when "God shall wipe away ing chapel. A Christian medical profession is be- all tears from their eyes; and there shall be no ing perpetuated and through the Chinese Medical more death, neither sorrow, nor crying, neither shall there be any more pain."

Idols Falling in China -Ell By REV. JAMES P. LEYNSE, Peiping, China I Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. s. A.

I N THOUSANDS of homes in China the idols bership. I have had the privilege of baptizing are falling down. Change has come like a this year men and women, old and young, stu- shock. Ideas and standards have been shuffled dents and illiterate, all changed into new beings in striking fashion. The old religions are totter- by the grace of Jesus Christ and all having dising ruins. The temples are vacated. The control carded idol worship. Members of families were of the older generation has slipped away. The baptized together. Fathers with their grown-up youth is in the lead and seeking new ways. As a sons, mothers with their daughters, side by side result evangelism is experiencing a golden age of with single individuals, first ones of families to opportunities. Everywhere around us a clarion cross the barrier. For instance, Mr. Chang and call for service is sounded. What will take the his grown-up son, who testified that before their place of the idols? Communism or Christianity? conversion they were "like blind men ascending a mountain to view the landscape." And Mrs. Chia No Depres.sion in the Peiping Churches and her daughter, who confessed that "the eyes of their hearts were dead" to spiritual issues until There is a forward movement in the Peiping they met Jesus. Also the mechanic Li and his churches. Weare seeking to win more Christians wife and three children, a splendid volunteer and more faithful ones and the congregations join worker, who works hard so that his children may hands with us in striving to reach our section of be educated and his wife attend a Bible school for this great city. Our churches are putting the em- volunteer leaders. phasis unquestionably upon the spiritual, and therefore there is activity instead of depression. In China it is always exceedingly difficult for The church attendance is growing steadily and members of families to make an individual decismany new converts have been added to the mem- ion to break away from idol worship. But various

candidates for baptism have done so, like Mrs. to cheat the gods," but who now worships in spirit Ho, who as she stated had been "for 45 years a and truth Jesus Christ; or like Mrs. Li and Mrs.

vegetarian to please the Buddha with the Long Kao, who have rented two rooms at the most pop- Eyebrows" and who for years every morning and ular market place for a little Gospel Hall; or Mr.

evening "knelt once, bowed thrice and offered in- Kung, a former opium slave, now a prince in the cense and candles for 30 Buddhistic scriptures to Lord; and Mr. Fu, a business man and pillar of find the way of life." Now she has become a liv- one of our churches; and many others like them.

ing member of the Church of Christ, and an ar- There are also among them those with too much dent Bible reader. It is hard to realize how much unbridled enthusiasm like Sung the fifth who, it cost in sacrifice of self to become a single lamp after his conversion, went home to testify. He in a dark place like Mrs. Hu Li and many others. preached on the streets in his home town, made After her heart was reached she buried her idols, a deep impression, but took the idol of the Buddha but when truly converted she dug them up and with the 1,000 arms and eyes out of the temple burned them. She was the new believer who had and chased the priests away. He was caught by the story of her conversion printed and sent to all the police, beaten till unconscious and put in her relatives and friends with the signature: prison. As a member of a gospel team he is still "Formerly Hu Li, now Mrs. Born-Again." needing our constant guidance. It was also neces- Lighted Pagodas sary to guide wisely the trio consisting of a dyer of blue cloth, a coal shop owner, and a hatter.

All our three city churches are self-supporting, They memorized whole parts of the Bible and went self-governing, and largely self-propagating. The out preaching all over North China carrying neither purse nor scrip and refusing all support. forming of a number of volunteer evangelistic They had many conversions but they gave up their bands has been one of our most fruitful achieve- business, let their wives and children suffer, and ments. Spiritually, our volunteer leaders have came back to our church stranded and lacking in had much capital to invest and their profits are maintenance. therefore large. Bands are preaching in court yards, homes, factories and shops. They are The Hall of Happiness illuminating the neighborhood like lighted pago- Electrically lighted gospel posters on the doors das. As a member testified, they are greatly en- and walls make our two city gospel halls attraccouraged to see that "the Lord responds to man tive places where large crowds gather. There we as quickly as shadow to form or echo to voice." face five evenings a week the five types of Chinese Bible classes, various training classes of two society: weeks' duration, revival meetings, prayer meetings, cottage meetings, systematic home visitation, The scholars, feeling superior to the lower weeks of gate-to-gate preaching, report evenings, order of beings; classes of mass education, and other activities keep the lamps burning and make our large num- The farmers, in town to sell their products, ber of gospel teams a valuable asset in our aim to amazed by a civilization producing loudspeakwin the Chinese by the Chinese. Mr. Sun, of our ers and radios; church, this year bought a small printing press and prints all the tracts used by these volunteer The mechanics, who build and proclaim that bands at cost price. A shopkeeper keeps a bundle next to food, shelter is the only necessity of of tracts in his counter for free distribution. A life; seller of millet puts a tract in each package. Church-member Chao bought tracts and evan-~ The tradesmen weary of a day full of bartering in trying to squeeze the last penny; and The soldiers whose business in China often seems to be to consume what others produce.

gelistic literature worth two months of his salary But also, modestly sitting in a corner, there are and a nurse of our hospital gave 10 % of her in- the women, with dignified old faces or keen young come to the tract fund. ones, countenances with souls behind them, calm, The Chinese we come in contact with outside serene and composed, purged of egotism by living our churches are no longer worshiping idols at the in crowded quarters, the real leaders behind the temples. They are in the grip of a spiritual family thrones. Large colored posters, Biblical hunger. After the storm of change there are lantern slides in Chinese setting, music, singing, pears to gather. Shall Bolshevism reap them? and popular illustrated talks penetrate their The claim to the harvest of China is open to any walled-in hearts new to spiritual issues.

claimant. Our volunteer leaders are taking their Outside the meetings we reach the hitherto un- place. They are of all kinds: like Miss Wang, reached through Bible classes for men and- women, the teacher, who confessed that she used to "spend English night school for business boys and girls, many good coppers to buy sham silver with which day school for poor children, mass educational

classes, clubs for women and girls, and special the electrician, who persuaded his whole family, meetings for children, women, and parents. The including an old mother of 75 years, to throw gospel halls are also the entrance halls to our away their idols.. On Sunday he leads his family churches, a field for clinical experience and self- to the church and almost every evening he stands expression for our volunteer lay-leaders. There at the door of one of the gospel halls welcoming they receive their practical training in soul-win- the people with tracts bought with his own money. ning work. Always a group of them is present to testify, act as ushers, doorkeepers, and distrib- This year these services changed also the opium utor.s of enquirers' cards. After the preaching den of Mr. and Mrs. Chao into a little gospel hall. there is the gathering of enquirers in a side room. For years they had been opium smokers. They Personal things are there semi-publicly discussed, were fairly well-to-do but poor in spirit. It took privacy is rarely sought after and so one, once months of daily care before they found salvation. showing genuine concern about his soul life, has But once reached by Christ they were able to from the very beginning the support of a group break the opium habit without any medical assistof our leaders. ance. Their opium den became a neighborhood house where they preach and live the Gospel to- The work in the gospel halls reveals plainly that gether with Mrs. Chang "the woman with the the Chinese of today are, practically speaking, black soul." She came in contact with Christ at without a religion, without their many gods. They our weekly meetings at the Peiping prison. For are open to leadership, asking for anything that years she had sold opium to the coolie classes and promises to uplift, welcoming any idealism. "I injected morphine Into ricksha boys. Taken to am seeking for something worth while to live for" prison she found there salvation at one of our is a crying need often heard at these after-meet- meetings and has become an ardent and capable ings. These are the days to spread the Gospel in personal worker in one of our street halls. China. The results of this year's work in the gospel halls has been distinctly seen in the grow- The idols are falling and something will have to ing attendance at our churches. Mr. Hsia, a take their place. Russia has already hundreds of young student, who after his conversion kept on Chinese students working as volunteer agents in repeating: "I do not know how to describe my all parts of the country. Humanism of a nonexperience. Everything in and around me is so theistic tendency is already a potent force in the changed, even the leaves of the trees seem changed hearts of many a Chinese youth. If Christ Jesus to a new shade of green." He is an ardent mem- is to be the Saviour of the individual and the reber of a gospel team, disowned by his father, poor generator of present living conditions the Church in earthly goods for Christ's sake, but rich in of Christ in all lands must face the challenge and spirit, winning many young people. And Mr. Kao, spread the Glad Tidings to those who have not yet heard.

OLD CHINESE RELIGIONS LOSING GROUND By DR. FRANCIS CHO-MIN WEI, President of Chunghua College, a Protestant Episcopal Institution, Wuchang, Central China Dr. Wei, who is now in America, recently addressed the students at Yale University, New Haven, on "The Changing China and Christianity." He said: China has to choose what kind of nation she is to be. She is at the cross-roads. Her choosing within our generation will determine her destiny for the next century. And the world cannot be indifferent to her decision. China's most difficult problem is not political. In spite of the startling headlines occasionally 'found in newspapers in America, China is approaching national unification under able leadership. Her problem is not even economic. With peace and order restored, economic development is only a question of time. The West has ready lessons to teach us in this respect, and we are learning.

The problem of the gravest concern to one who looks seriously into the future of China is whether the spiritual forces in the country are sufficiently strong to direct and mold her political and economic development during the next thirty years. The popular religion which used to sway the masses is losing its grip. Taoism and Buddhism have no message for modern China. Confucianism is too closely tied up with the political and social institutions of the past to maintain its hold upon the people under a new economic order. But there is much in its outlook on life, in its ethical ideology, that may still be revitalized. Its conception of the individual as a social being in a network of relationships, each offering a chance for development, its emphasis on the duties of man rather than his rights, what he owes to others in his station of life rather than what he can claim for himself, its tremendous faith in the capacity of man for development and for living together, and its conviction that the universe is a moral order wherein man finds a place for moral lifeall these can be revitalized. But this can only be if Christianity brings to China and her masses the gospel that God is the Father of all men, that He desires them to live together as brothers, and that Jesus of Nazareth shows the way in which that kind of life can be lived.

Years' Growth in

By CLIFFORD M. DRURY, Ph.D., Moscow, Idaho A RECENT issue of the Bulletin of the Na- tians to take up the work dropped by their for- tional Christian Council of China (May eign comrades. More was accomplished under 25, 1934) carries the following statistics the urgent necessities of the time toward turning which reveal a very healthy growth of the Prot- over responsibility to the Chinese Christians tnan estant Christian Church in China during the nine would ordinarily have been accomplished in a years covered by the statistics: ,. decade or more. The persecutions endured by the 1923 1932 native C h r i s t.i an s purified the church and Foreign Missionaries (138 societies) .. 7,663 6,150 strengthened them in the faith. The foreigners Resident stations ………………. . 1,149 1,130 could flee but the native Christians were obliged Ordained Chinese clergy (124 societies) 1,696 1,86"5 Communicant (full) members ……. . 402,539 488,53g to stay and meet the opposition. :Now we are be- Under religious instruction ………. . 292,857 239,655 ginning to see the results of those turbulent years These statistics show an increase in the number -the Christian Church has grown! of ordained Chinese Protestant clergy of 169 and an increase of 86,000 communicants. There is a There was a great spiritual awakening for the decrease of 1,513 foreign missionaries; of 19 Christians in China following the Boxer uprising. resident stations; and of 53,202 of those under The Protestant Church doubled its membership religious instruction. On the whole the report is from 1900 to 1906. By 1907, the communicants very encouraging. The nine years covered have numbered 178,261. By 1923, this number had been some of the most troublesome for Christian been more than doubled again.' As the church missionary work. grew in numbers the ratio of increase decreased. Now during these nine years under review, the In 1926, five missionaries, Roman Catholic as well as Protestant, gave their lives to the cause church grew 21 %. of Christ. Others were taken captive by bandits. Communistic propaganda, with its anti-Christian A very significant development in the foreign teachings, was exceedingly strong in some sec- mission personnel in China is the increase of the tions.. The nationalistic spirit, with its anti-for- number of Americans as compared to the number eign tendencies, was equally strong in other sec- of Britishers. In 1907, there were 1,727 British tions. In both cases the Christian cause was missionaries to 1,304 American. The percentage under suspicion and criticism. was then forty-five to thirty-five, the balance be- ing made up of missionaries from other lands. Just before the Nanking tragedy of March, By 1922, only 18% of the Protestant missionaries 1927, the Protestant missionaries reached the peak of their numerical strength. At that time were British, while 51 % came from the United 8,200 were reported. When Nanking was taken States.

From 1858 to 1914 the ratio of foreign workers to native converts remained at about one to fifty.

by the southern troops, representatives of five na- After 1914 this ratio was changed. The with- tionalities were killed, including one Protestant drawal of missionaries following the Nanking in- missionary and two Roman Catholics. This trag- cident has now brought this ratio to one mission- edy hastened the withdrawal of all foreigners ary for every eighty communicants.

from all parts of the interior. By the summer of The Protestant work is strongest in the mari- 1927, 60 % of the 8,200 missionaries who were in time provinces because it was here that they first China before the Nanking affair, were out of got started, due to the rights to dwell in cert'ain China. Most of these returned to their home- treaty ports. In 1922, seven out of every ten l~nds. From three to five hundred were trans- communicants resided in these provinces, and ferred temporarily to mission stations in Korea, most of these lived in or near the treaty ports Japan, Siam, etc. About 3,000 remained in China, themselves.

many of whom found refuge in such coast cities The outlook for the growth of the Christian as Shanghai. Only about 500 remained in the in- Church is promising for the church is wen terior at their work. This wholesale evacuation equipped with native leadership. The old feeling was on the orders and advice of the consular and that the Christian religion was a "foreign" reli- diplomatic officials who were fearful of compli- gion is dying down. The one great purpose of the cations arising out of the Nanking incident. missionary is to put himself out of business by so One beneficial result of this wholesale evacua- developing the native work as to make the for- tion was the necessity of the Chinese native Chris- eign worker unnecessary.

[62 ]

J. R. SATHE (AT LEFT) AND CONVERTS FROM SETTLEMENT AT

A Robber's Church in India -4§f By H. R. COVENTRY, Baramati, Poona District, India J!t– Missionary of the Australian Churches of Christ Mission, 1916- DOWN the ages strange and varied persons proud Kaikadi who may lead an armed band of have composed the Church which is the highway robbers. These and many more types body of Christ. From the day when the are to be found scattered about this sub-continent dying thief on Calvary was granted pardon and with its 352,000,000 people. The villagers fear Joseph of Arimathea used his newly hewn tomb them and therefore shelter and protect them when for the body of Jesus, the criminal, as well as the the police are hot in pursuit. City dwellers have highly respected, has been attracted to Christ. A had occasion to know of their presence, and travrobber's church is an anomaly but a Christian elers by road or train have been their normal prey. fellowship may contain reformed robbers, vessels These are professional thieves, whose only trade made over into redeemed souls fit for the Master's is robbery. They are proud of their forbears and use. have schooled their children in stories of their A peculiar situation exists in India where large caste heroes. They glory in one who even stole groups or castes of people are hereditary crim- from the Police Superintendent's bungalow or had inals. They are to be found in all the provinces, taken clothes and jewels from the Governor's rail- both among those professing Hinduism and Islam. way train! The form of crime committed by.each They belong to various strata of society, from the caste is decreed by their patron god or goddess. outcaste gypsy to the proud caste man. Their "We are a divine scourge," declared one proud rascality varies from the cringing, petty thief tribesman,"ordained to relieve the avaricious and who steals small articles from the bazaar to the the rich of their unmerited riches. Without us [63 ]

what would you judges do." Those of us who to the American Marathi Mission of the American have been educated in nominally Christian coun- Board. Later the settlement at Hubli was en- tries, know something of the righteous commands trusted to the Society for the Propagation of the of God cannot easily understand the mentality of Gospel, and in 1920 the settlement at Baramati, people who lack any ethical sense such as under- conducted by the Australian Churches of Christ, lies the sixth commandment. was recognized by the Government of Bombay.

What remedies can instil into these tribes the A few years ago the Depressed Class Mission principles of common honesty? Fear of the police undertook the control of the Belgaum settlement and prison does not reform although it may nold and last year, the Servants of India Society joined crime in check. Some agency is needed to reform the ranks by taking over Jalgaon Settlement in the adults and to drag them out of the pit into Khandesh. Many settlements are still under di- which their fathers had fallen. Children must be rect Government control.

given a chance to know some ot~er type of life. Efforts are made to instil into the minds of the The solution of this problem has been attempted youth of these castes right principles of living.

by the establishment of settlements all oyer. India. Education is compulsory for all children up to For the past twenty-five years the Bombay thirteen years of age. Night schools continue the Presidency has intrusted this reformatory work work backed up by Scouting and Guiding, lectures to a Revenue officer for whom a special depart- on temperance and other topics. Trades are ment has been created, first known as the Crim- taught to enable boys to secure better positions, inal Tribes Settlement Department. More recently to wean them from crime, and to prepare them its scope has been enlarged and it is now called to live rightly.

the Backward Class Department. Many of the The Government gives voluntary agencies a free men of these tribes would have been in prison hand in their religious work for the task is after had it not been for these settlements. Not only is all spiritual. We fight against powers of dark- the criminal brought to a settlement, but his wife ness. Sin and evil are rampant. Immorality is or wives and children also. He is given a small often a part of their religious creed and custom plot of land, sometimes a cash advance, and is so that it is difficult to convince such a person of told to build a house of mud bricks and a grass sin.

roof. Settlements are usually located in open Sound religious education naturally finds a spaces outside of towns and a high barbed wire prominent place in Christian activities, but the fence is the only barrier to freedom. In some conscience clause is observed. Any settler object- places even that is absent. They are placed upon ing to Christian teaching may be transferred to a their honor and are told that good behavior frlr Government settlement and attendance at reli- six years will earn them release from the settle- gious classes is voluntary. In the Sholapur set- ment. Another six years on probation makes tlement a pastor and some Bible women are em- them free men once more. Much of the routine ployed in evangelistic work, assisted by the vol- work of the trained staff in each settlement is con- untary service of many Christian members of the nected with the finding of suitable employment staff. With over 4,000 people in the settlement for settlers. They are released during the day- and free colonies there is scope for all their efforts.

light hours to work within a radius of five miles. Fear is the religion of many settlers – fear of The second duty of the staff is to see that all are horrid goblins that fill the night with terrors; fear in the settlement at night. of the evil eye; fear of disease; fear of death.

After a few years of work, the Government de- There is no knowledge of the loving heavenly Fa- cided that if suitable private agencies would vol- ther for the love of God and love for fellowmen unteer to supervise the settlements they might be are new ideas that sink in very slowly.

handed over to them. "A voluntary agency is Since 1917 the Gospel of Christ has been con- actuated by a spirit of zeal and earnestness and stantly preached among the settlers at Sholapur.

by an undoubted religious fervor that cannot be· The usual policy has been to wait until a man has expected in a government department. Its per- been released to a free colony before he is bap- sonnel would not be subject to constant change as tized. This prevents any from asking baptism is the case of a government agency and would from unworthy motives. Character is the only therefore be able to keep in very close association thing that counts towards release from the settle- with the criminal tribes and work up a connection, ment. There have not been a large number of that would be a very great factor for success in converts through the years but the number is their regeneration." growing and they have continued to grow in grace.

In some provinces much of this work has been It has been an uphill road all the way.

undertaken by the Salvation Army. In 1917 the For many years one of the lady workers in the .growing settlement at Sholapur was handed over settlement, Miss E. C. Hoxie, has dreamed of a

A ROBBER'S CHURCH IN INDIA

suitable building where these souls won out of tain many former criminals who are now teachdarkness can worship the true God. She talked ing Sunday school classes, holding office in the of this plan while on furlough and she prayed church, preaching the Gospel! fervently. Some American friends gave money in memory of the Rev. L. H. Gates who lived and The work has not been easy. Social and family boycott have usually resulted from conversion. To have one's own bread thrown to one by an enraged wife, and to be told not to enter one's own door has been the experience of many. Their employ- ers, usually Hindu, have not been sympathetic and have insisted on Sunday work with loss of em- ployment as an alternative. They are not rice Christians. The missions are not feeding them, THE SHOLAPUR SETTLEMENT CHURCH worked long in Sholapur and altogether about – …… $5,000 were contributed. The settlement school children also brought their coppers and gifts in ~~ _.<", …: – "-I _P ~~ " … kind, to help in the building of God's House. The women's sewing class and the other converts took a .. – """.' ,. . . . . . . '"yo ,.. keen interest in the matter and the Christian staff gave a portion of their tithe for the building. A INTERIOR OF THE SHOLAPUR SETTLEMENT CHURCH Bombay architect submitted plans for a house of worship especially designed for India, to cost and many have gone hungry rather than deny Rs 16,000 (about $5,000), and the building was Christ. Carpenters, tailors, masons, clerks, teachopened on February 5, 1933. It is capable of seat- ers, are among the converts. One young man has ing 350 on the floor. taken a Bible School Training course and is now preaching the Gospel to his former caste people At the dedication service the writer was privi- and to the villagers around. These twice-born leged to conduct the first communion service in the men have become new creatures and are living new building and a goodly group of converts was new lives in Jesus Christ. present. At first this building was used only as the settlement chapel, and it has satisfied our spirit of reverence and our desire for quiet and beauty for worship. Plans for the recognition of this group as a church under the United Church of Northern India were consummated on September 10, 1933. The foundation members of the new church number 50, half of them being former criminals. J. R. Sathe, who had worked for many years among these people, was installed as pastor. It was the realization of a dream. The following Sunday fifteen more members were received into fellowship. These ex-criminals and their grownup children exhibit anew the power of the Gospel. Broken earthenware made over by Christ Jesus. Caste and fear are dethroned and Christ is enthroned in their lives. Those dug from a pit, centuries deep, are now rejoicing in free salvation.

The churches at Baramati and Hubli also con-

THE MARQUIS OF LOTHIAN ON THE CHRISTIAN COLLEGES OF INDIA Lord Lothian is a member of the Parliamentary Select Committee to submit to the British Parliament the draft of India's new Constitution. He is a former Undersecretary for India and was Chairman of the Indian Franchise Commission. As Sir Philip Kerr, he was the Pri- vate Secretary to Mr. Lloyd George when Prime Minister. Lord Lothian recently visited the United States in the interests of the Rhodes Trust of which he is the Secretary. He is a great friend of the India Christian colleges, on whose behalf he has been recently very active in Great Britain. At a luncheon in New York, in the interest of Christian colleges in India, the Marquis of Lothian said: .

"In this situation (Le., of internal disunity in India); is there any force comparable to that which can be exercised by the Indian Christian colleges for bridging these interior gulfs and for producing the kind of leader who can lead India toward both unity and freedom in the terrific experiment which is being launched today?

"When I studied the positions occupied by the gradu~tes of the India:Christian colleges in India today, I said, these rejuvenated colleges may be the (me saving factor in the situation.

I believe that in the first responsible ministry in the Province of Madras an the Indian min- isters were products of the Madras Christian College. The total number of students in these Christian colleges is about 14,000. Of that number about 2,000 are Christian, while the majority of students are Moslem or Hindu. The standing of the Christian colleges is high among the Hindus and Moslems because they are able to give the kind of education to their children that they want. There is something about the Christian spirit which they want and which they do not find in the government institutions.

"The central characteristic of modern education in India, as elsewhere, is that it breaks down the ancient religious loyalties and the ancient moral and social customs. Large numbers of the young generation are dr=ifting without any moral foundation for their lives. One of the main reasons why these Hindu: and Moslem parents send their children to Christian colleges is because they feel that some moral foundation is given them that they do not get elsewhere.

"The spirit of Christ shining through tllOse institutions can transform much of young India, and so produce leaders who are immune to or who can surmount the communal feeling, and the appeal to noncooperation and violence, and so act as political cement and give heal- ing wisdom in the difficult days that lie ahead.

"The work that c'an be done by the Indian Christian colleges is not only of value to India but of supreme value to the world. If the Indian experiment fails, if cooperation between Great Britain and India, during the next ten or fifteen difficult years, breaks down, whether through the inability of the BritiS'li"to move fast enough, to put themselves into the shoes of another nation, or whether through the inability of India to settle down to the practical work- ing of the constitution-the result will be further chaos for the world. We cannot afford to see another great section of the human race going into the sort of revolutionary disorder we have witnessed during the last twelve or fifteen years in many parts of the world.

"I feel very deeply that the Indian Christian colleges have an immensely important work to do. They are specially important in the case of women. There has been no more remark- able recent event in India than the development of the women's movement. I can without hesitation say that some of our most active, persistent, and competent witnesses were Indian women. The Christian colleges are training a large proportion of women students in India.

"The Lindsay Commission report gives a new and inspiring picture of the function of missionary education in India. It seeks to bring the students into much greater and closer touch with the real life of India, especially village life. It sets out to strengthen not only the technical equipment but the religious and Christian spirit in the colleges themselves. The Indian Christian colleges are not only doing a work for India, but even more for the whole of humanity."

and Encouragements at

As Seen by Home Mission Executives THE following are interesting answers to two questions sent to home mission executives to obtain their views as to the situation at the beginning of the New Year. The questions were as follows: 1. As you see it, what are some special present-day problems that we face in the Home Mission enterprise? Such problems may relate to finance, changes in policy, difficulties in the field or in the home church.

2. What are some of the encouragements that you note in the home church and in the field?

Such encouragements may relate to improvement in finances, to increase in interest in the home church, to the attitude of the young people, or they may appear in reports from the field as to the progress and outlook. EDITOR.

PRESENT PROBLEMS IN HOME MISSIONS too great. The principal condition required for cooperation is understanding. This will go far to E. GRAHAM WILSON prevent waste and duplication, will correct mis- Executive Secretary, Board of National Missions, takes already made and insure united effort when Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. needed. Most of the religious bodies have agreed The home missionary work in America is fac- to this in theory but when an attempt is made to ing today some serious problems. Among them apply it to normal rather than exceptional situa- are the following: tions, strain is produced. How to obtain effectual 1. The incomes of all Home Mission Boards cooperation is the outstanding problem and is es- have been drastically reduced. This has necessi- sential for "comity." tated the cutting of salaries in many cases below 2. The great multitude of the unchurched prethe subsistence level. Appropriations for schools sent a challenge to the churches. There are large and hospitals have been reduced to a point where groups of foreign-speaking folk who have lost it has not been possible to maintain standards their affection for the church of their fathers and which should prevail. Repairs on Board-owned are wandering unshepherded and without any re- property have necessarily been neglected. l'igious connections. For instance, the evangelical 2. Practically no new work has been opened up bodies, as a rule, have ignored their obligation to during the past few years. The financial condi- share their knowledge and experience with Christ tion has made it impossible to respond to the many with the Jewish people. Industrial workers often urgent calls for service, some of which have a have a deep longing to help make this a better strategic bearing on the future of the whole home world but they have no appreciation of that more missionary task. abundant Life which Jesus Christ promised-not 3. Much remains to be done in the field of com- the abundant life of the economist but the larger Life of the Spirit. Even though we do not all ity. While something has been accomplished, in agree on the means to be used, the duty of min- some sections of the country there is still over- istering to these and other groups is so manifest lapp.ingt·of churPches and. cobm·petitiond bebtwte·en tdhe- that our neglect is a rebuke. n~mma IOns. rogre~s IS. ell~g m~ e, u.m e 3. The desperate conditions in rural areas in mmds of some ~enommatIOnahsm IS more Impor- 'America is reflected in the life of the rural tant than the Kmgdom of God. churches. Their pastors . are facing a terrific FRANK A. SMITH strain in their personal problems and. in their ministry. Two great needs are: first.· a leader- Secretary of Missions in the United States," American Baptist ship that has sufficient support to give the men a Home Mission Society sense of permanence, and second, vision andjn- spiration for the larger parish and for the smaner 1. The magnitude of the home mission problem calls for the united efforts of all Protestant forces. fields. This is one of our major responsibilities. While the differences in doctrine and practice 4. The Home Mission enterprise is affected on must be recognized, the situation demands a every side by social conditions that cannot be united home mission strategy. No church or de- ignored and to which the missionary forces' must nomination is equal to the task singlehanded, and bring a solution. The changing social order can the entire resources of Protestantism are none never accomplish its goal without Christ. In all [ 67]

social problems the basic requirement is spir- 2. Private and public relief, correcting unemitual, for progress that is simply material cannot ployment and lost morale, economic and social malendure. A demonstration of Christian living is adjustments, with their consequent liabilities, deneeded, an exhibit of Christian relations among mand a new appraisal of this phase of our modmen. The church must speak out in matters of ern home missionary task and a clear understandhuman welfare because social justice can never be ing of its relationship to government, state and established by law of man but by the law of God. local relief agencies, in order to increase efficiency as well as to avoid duplication of effort and waste E. D. KOHLSTEDT of resources in an imperative realm of religious responsibility. Executive Secretary of the Board of Home Missions, Methodist Episcopal Church 3. Racial relationship issues in the United States, more acute than elsewhere, challenge The Christian's constant concern is the totality home missionary service, particularly among of individual and collective life. United States American Negroes who, despite a heritage of history is replete with illustration of enriching servitude and unj ustifiable economic and personal services rendered by preachers and missionaries, discriminations, have recorded the' most amazing pioneers of progress and creators of national chapter in the history of racial progress. The ideals. Today functional frontiers, in underprivi- crime of lynching human beings is a form of lawleged and complex areas of life, confront the lessness that still stains the American Flag, sym- Church of Christ with an intensive task that must bol of democratic freedom and fair play. mean an active, cooperative interest in the current economic and social as well as in the purely per- Dr. Edwin Lewis, of Drew University, mentions sonal issues that determine human and national the following incentive to cultivate a genuine paswelfare. sion for sacrificial service to these and other de- veloping life situations that now challenge the An unwholesome industrial and social system Church of Christ: that breeds economic inequities, ignores unjust racial discriminations, tolerates city slum and If Christ could have His way with men, there would be dumping ground residential areas, barters with no industrial oppression, no hopeless little children, no beer barons and liquor lords for the privilege of cheerless old age, no grinding poverty, no fattening of the physical and moral debauchery, winks at salacious few on the toil of the many, no racial hatreds, no armaliterature and indecent film portraitures of the ments, no false standards of judgment as between man worst features of life, cheapens itself by iniquitous and man. Only as the race can make progress in this divorce laws, cannot escape the concern of an direction can there be any hope of the future, and such aroused Christian conscience. Unj ustifiable ex- progress depends entirely upon whether or not the foltremes between poverty and plenty, starvation and lowers of Jesus Christ are willing to leave the eternal fate surfeit, are an anomoly that has no rightful place of their souls in their Lord's hands while they devote themin the scheme of professedly Christian common- selves to making his spirit operative in the world of today. wealth. Modern Home Missions must be concerned with areas of life that challenge the JAMES S. KITTELL resources of a living faith, vitalized by an experimental knowledge of realities in the realm of re- Secretary, Board of Domestic Missions, Reformed Church ligion. in America The work of modern home missionaries in new 1. A financial survey reveals certain weakareas of activity is more impersonal and intricate, nesses as to invested funds. There should be a but not less romantic, urgent or significant to the more careful watch set on mortgages as to the welfare of this nation, than that of our pioneer real estate, not only its value but also as to its preachers. Among the causes that now challenge future. There should be regular renewals with the mental and material resources of American amortization insisted upon, a careful search of Home Missions are: court and tax records, especially to watch liens against the properties which have proved very 1. Distinctive social situations, different from embarrassing of late. Bonds and stocks should early American community life. To make the be passed upon by experts and changes made to Gospel of Jesus Christ a reality to polyglot city increase income and security each year. centers; to cement our Americanization process with the concept of universal brotherhood; to en- Budgets should be made on the basis of a threesure an adequate religious ministry to changing year income avoiding sudden expansion during mountain, rural and urban communities; and to one prosperous _year. A program of expansion cultivate a cooperative Christian ministry to man- should cover a number of years, with the most kind, regardless of traditions and prejudices, is a important points kept at the top and taken up task that requires heroic service. only as finances warrant after a due considera- tion of the future carrying charges. No new work should be undertaken because of the de- mands of ecclesiastical organizations, but only in

PROBLEMS AND ENCOURAGEMENTS AT HOME

harmony with sound judgment. The depression tofore. We are not merely camping until some- has proved that the Lord does not take care of thing better comes along; we are here for busi- presumptuous programs of expansion. ness as long as the Lord wants us here."

2. The field today offers many opportunities The Home Mission boards are facing many which should be considered. There is also the serious problems, but they are determined to rise opportunity for reorganization of the field, espe- up and enter the promised land of opportunity cially in the light of changing rural and city con- and service for Christ who is the nation's only ditions. There should be a wise insistence on hope.

mergers and refusal to carryon a work because FRANK A. SMITH of sentiment only. Through the Home Missions 1. There is ground for encouragement in the Council there is a growing cooperation in the general feeling that the reconstruction of life to- matter of unreached fields and classes, which day, both for the individual and for society, needs promises a more effective work over a wider area. all available spiritual resources, and that the 3. As to missionary personnel we must give Church, as one of the fundamental institutions heed to the training of men gifted for and de- concerned, is making a valuable contribution. The sirous of doing special kinds of work. In the splendid service of our home missionaries who past too many have entered the work with only have assumed burdens far beyond what should general ministerial or educational qualifications. rightfully be required and who have labored cheer- There is need for special insight into and desire fully amid discouragement, furnish one of the to do a particular type of work. All our mission- most splendid chapters in church history.

ary schools should be kept to the simplest kind of 2. The growth of the spirit of cooperation is work, with no large budgets and no showy fadist increasing the love and confidence of different de- departments for advertising purposes, such as nominations in each other. The study of the fields handicraft. by home mission leaders, where different denom- SOME ENCOURAGEMENTS inations are at work, has revealed a statesman- ship and purpose to avoid useless and hurtful E. GRAHAM WILSON competition and serious duplications. This atti- There are elements in the Home Mission situa- tude promises a new day in Home Missions. The tion which give ground for encouragement as we number of projects in which various churches pool their resources is increasingly large. The face the new year. 1. The receipts of most Home Mission Boards development will be slow, too slow to suit the are slightly in excess of last year. We believe we more ardent and critical, but it is so firmly estabhave touched bottom in the matter of decrease in li~b.ed that it will have increasing recognition. financial support. While the increase has been 3. The Home Mission enterprise is of such magsmall, there are some substantial increases in the nitude that no single Christian body is equal to giving of churches and individuals. One board it and our combined resources are not commenreports the largest single legacy in its history. surate with the opportunity. Present social, eco- 2. There is increased evidence that the Prot- nomic, and religious conditions demand a redisestant Church believes in the importance and . tribution of resources, workers, and fields, for value of the home missionary enterprise. Not the need of the hour will not be met by each one only is it conscious of the fact that the present seeking to do his best irrespective of others but church is the result of the home missionary work by recognition of the fact that we are workers toof the past, but it also realizes that unless there gether with each other and workers together with is a missionary program in America today there God. will be no Church of tomorrow. The many under- JAMES S. KITIELL privileged peoples of America appeal to our sym- One has to look closely to discern encourage- pathy and arouse us to a realization that for them ments in Home Mission work today but we are not also Christ died. without them.

3. The courage and devotion of our home mis- 1. The depression has brought the work closer sionaries in these difficult days is a great inspira- to the individual church and has led to a keener tion and a source of encouragement. Salaries of sense of responsibility for the work. The next practically all have been drastically cut; responsi- few years should see the pressing of the fact that bilities have been increased; missionaries have the whole enterprise is based on the church.

oftentimes been asked to make "bricks without 2. There is one change in the situation that we straw," but they have carried on without com- must heed in these times and that is the growing plaint. As one wrote to his board : "We are go- tendency of the Federal Government to take over ing to stay on the job even ,if the board should all relief, to establish old age pensions, unemploy- take away all the allowance they have given here- ment insurance, etc. It seems that the money for

this work will be secured from inheritance taxes. velopment of particular fields. Comity will see to This probably means the diminishing of legacies it that there is no overlapping. "Fewer pieces of as well as the directing of generous minded peo- work, and better," will be the ideal. Such fields ple to material relief as over against the spiritual will be built as are our schools and colleges, on a needs of men. broad and permanent base, with a program as wide as the community and as deep as human ERNEST M. HALLIDAY need. They will be controlled as much as pos- General Secretary, Extension Boards of the Congregational and sible by their several constituencies and will aim Christian Churches; PreSidetlt, Home Missions Council at hearty participation and financial support by The Home Mission situation is big with prom- everybody concerned. The boards have no easy ise. It thrills with the spirit of adventure. money to pass out for half-hearted service to Changes are upon us. The old wells of personal moribund churches, but they have funds with commitment and devotion to duty must be redug which to support enterprises which are vital, for- in all our churches. That is an inspiring task for ward-looking and constructive.

the Home Mission Boards. New ways of preach- It may well be, as was recently suggested by a ing, teaching and applying the Gospel are just distinguished and experienced denominational ahead. A generation of young people is ready for leader, that the consolidated school in rural sec- education in self-expression, social outlook, and tions is pointing the way to the consolidated practical helpfulness. Older folk are at a point church. Instead of sending our missionaries where they have time and inclination to be led on around to little groups in separate churches, why explorations into broad, new fields of culture. should we not send the school buses out on Sun- 1. Cooperative planning within the denomina- days to bring the people in – whole families of tionsand between them is eliminating lost motion them- to a well-equipped and manned central and unnecessary expense. This has a good start church plant, worthy to rank with the central but it still has far to go. Specialized training of rural school? Is not the work of the church as home missionaries deserves emphasis. None but important as that of the school?

the strongest should be chosen. It takes as big a 3. Finances? Yes, they offer a problem hard man, perhaps bigger, to do an effective job in an to handle. Income is 41.7% lower than it was in isolated, lonely parish as in a staunch old church 1929. But the downward curve is leveling itself where the general set of the current is in the di- out. It may even start upward after awhile. The rection of religion. He needs to be rugged in main problem is so to readjust our activities that physique, warm of heart, sturdy in mind, deep they will be thoroughly effective in this new day.

and true of soul. Such men, trained for sel1vice If we can do that, financial support will follow.

and ready to serve, will find opportunity in the home missions of tomorrow. Ten Obstacles to Modern Missions The line of development may be envisioned Dr. Julius Richter, Professor-Emeritus of missions in something like this. First of all will come positiye Berlin University, gives ten difficulties which world-wide cooperation between the· various Mission Boards. missions face to-day: By working together at a common task, the field 1. The financial depression which compels a curtailment of each will be broadened, and fraternal appre- of work.

ciation intensified. Why, for example, should not 2. Loss of prestige to Christianity due to brutalities all our boards come to look to the interdenomina- of the World War. tional bureau of architecture of the Home Missions Council for architectural service? Why 3. Un-Christian and anti-Christian science and tech- nique, the fruits of which are sought by non-Christian peoples.

should not Alaska be regarded as a geographical 4. Competition between Roman Catholic and Protestant unit and organized under a cooperative set-up missions as in the Congo. which all could have a part in supporting? Why 5. New advance of Islam—especially in Africa. should we not work together in what we do for 6. Bolshevistic atheistic communism. Indians and Spanish-speaking folk and immi- 7. Nationalism, especially its "anti-foreign" phase. 8. Increasing restrictions placed upon missionary edu- grants as we now do for farm and cannery mi- cation by non-Christian governments. grants? Why may we not jointly employ special- 9. Immoral lives of many representatives of white rulists in city and rural work who, divorced from administrative responsibilities, will serve all the ing classes at home and abroad. 10. Institutionalism, which absorbs so many people amt so much money and often hampers aggressive evangelism.

boards as expert counsellors? Why should not A mission study program might be built effectively all missionary organizations join forces in the around these points. Were any of them characteristic of first-century missions? Which are a rebuke to our lives, support of "preaching missions" for all the . our methods, our wrong zeal, our improper standards of churches? judgment? What is the true goal of missions?-The Mos- 2. There will be intensified denominational de- lem WO'rld.

Among Italians in

By REV. A. DI DOMENICA, Philadelphia Pastor 01 the Italian Baptist 'Church W HEN Paul wrote his Epistle to the Jewish- a metamorphosis: instead of being the means of Christians of Rome, speaking in general Christianizing the heathens she became heathen- terms of the gentiles as "being filled with ized! Before his "conversion" the Emperor of all unrighteousness, fornication, wickedness, cov- Rome had been the Pontifex Maximus of the etousness, maliciousness; full of envy, murder, heathen religion; when he accepted Christianity debate, deceit, malignity; whisperers, backbiters, that title was retained, but under the mask of the haters of God, despiteful, proud, boasters, in- Christian religion!

ventors of evil things, disobedient to parents, When Constantine removed his seat to Byzan- without understanding, cov- thium and the bishop of Rome enant breakers, without natural was left behind, the Church be- affection, implacable, unmerci- The pre sen t condition gan to lose sight of the altar for ful" (Romans 1: 29-31), he among the four and one half the throne, and the cross for purposely or incidentally al- million Italians in the United the sword! As the Church luded to the moral and spiritual States is described by one of began to a c qui r e political condition of the Italian people their own number as being strength, she lost spiritual as they were chief among the Hmoral and religious chaos." power. In proportion that she gentiles of the world. How- Nominally most of them are enriched herself in secular and ever, when these Italians ac- Catholics; in reality they material things, she impover- cepted Christianity, they be- are materialists. There is, ished herself in spiritual attaincame the light of the world, de- however, a Hsaving remnant" ments. This was illustrated by fying persecution and death for composed of some 25,000 Savonarola w hen he said: the sake of their Master. The aerveanggaethliecraeld iCnh2r4is0tiParnosteswtahnot "There was a time when the churches. The Spirit of God Colosseum in Rome and the is moving in this Hchaos" and Church had wooden cups and catacombs are living monu- golden clergy; but now she has ments of their faith and Chris- is bringing l)ew spiritual life golden cups and woo den tian fortitude. clergy." The same thing was and activity. There is reason observed by Thomas of Aquinas The Christians of Rome were to thank God and take cour~ examples of holiness in the time age, but the solution presents when one day the Pope, who of the sojourn of Paul in Rome. a challenge to the Church of was boasting of the wealth of Writing to the Philippians he Christ in America. the Church, said: "Thomas, speaks of them in high terms: the Church cannot say now: "All the saints salute you, 'silver and gold have I none!' "

chiefly they that are of Cresar's household" (Phi- Aquinas retorted: "Neither can she say: 'Arise lippians 4: 22) . and walk.''' Aquinas knew that the Church had This characteristic which signalized in such a lost her spiritual fiber because of her earthly am- conspicious way the faith of the Christians of bitions.

Rome was handed down from one generation to In proportion as the Church adopted heathen another until the time of Constantine when the practices and beliefs, the Italians became less and Christian religion became a State Religion. We less Christian in their religious thinking and life.

all know the change that took place in the Church They have absolutely no sense of the tragedy of of Jesus Christ from that time on. If in the past sin and the impelling necessity of the new birth the Church had insisted on the new birth as con- as the foundation for a genuine Christian experi- dition for membership, now it begins to receive ence. They have no conception of this funda- into its bosom unregenerated persons. The State mental principle of the Christian religion. It is even compelled soldiers to accept baptism without true that the same catastrophic situation is being conversion and in course of time the Church experienced even among the so-called Christians adopted many heathen practices to satisfy the of Protestant faith and heritage, yet it is more taste of the newcomers. The Church experienced evident among Roman Catholics.

[71 ]

Since the Roman Church adopted so many and when he found little response on the part of heathen doctrines and practices, the religion of the Roman clergy and people, he said: "The the Italians centered itself in outward formalities; Christian conscience is more than half destroyed, devoid of spiritual value. When one goes to Italy and it is only through divine mercy that any por- or visits Italian communities in our large cities in tion remains."

America, and sees the various celebrations in When the Italians immigrated to America they honor of Italian patron saints and madonnas he carried with them their religious heritage mixed is apt erroneously to consider the Italians very de- with superstition, irreligion, indifference and a vout and religious. Christian conscience "more than half destroyed."

When Paul visited Athens "his spirit was On top of this we must add another painful situa- stirred in him when he saw the city wholly given tion little apprehended by our American friends.

to idolatry" (Acts 17: 16), and he did not hesitate Italians did not leave the old world for religious to tell his hearers at Mars' Hill that they were motives as did the Pilgrim fathers. The sons of "extremely religious" with a religion that satis- Italy crossed the ocean for purely economic rea- fied the priests but not the burning soul of Paul. sons and in years gone by we have heard them The same thing can be seen today in Italy and in say: "We did not come to America to bother about Italian communities in America. religion; we came here to make money. When we The Rev. Dr. J. H. Eager, for a number of years go back to Italy, then we'll go to church."

a Baptist missionary in Italy, in his book "Roman- While the Italian immigrants came to America ism in Its Home," quotes Prof. Raffaele Mariano, with the intention of going back to Italy as soon of the University of Naples, who in an address on as their economic situation would warrant it, they "Religious Thought in Italy" said: became attached to American life and decided to establish themselves here permanently. Their With the sacraments reduced to mechanical acts, with marvelous advance in the social, educational and purgatory and pecuniary offerings to free from it, with economic life has astonished every observer and festivals, indulgences, jubilees, pilgrimages, relics, mir- student of the New Americans. But they have acles, adoration of saints and madonnas, Romanism has inoculated in the Christian religion the forms of magical and idolatrous naturalism…… And the worst of all is not been immune from the influence of atheistic that Romanism makes the sacerdotal hierarchy the only propaganda. Agitators are found everywhere and indispensable mediator of the religious and moral life. from the Atlantic to the Pacific, sowing tares of The atonement, repentance, absolution of sin, the efficacy doubts and unbelief among the people of the of the Christ and His benefit, everything centers itself in a monopoly of the hierarchy. From all this we must con- middle class. If this propaganda has not made clude that Romanism is the very opposite of that duty many full-fledged atheists, it has succeeded in which distinguishes the human soul…… This religion may have had its days of glory and usefulness, but it has causing many to drift farther and farther away now become a pure formalism. It has no power over the from any religious influence.

morals of the people; it does not attract or educate or With a background such as Prof. Mariano, edify the masses, but simply holds them under its sway by Father Curci and many others have described, and force of habit, by inert traditionalism, and its ultimate adding to it the condition of the American life as result can only be ignorant credulity in the midst of we have endeavored to portray, the religious life ignorant incredulity. of the Italians in America is far worse than that And yet we must not be too severe on this miserable re- ligious conscience of the Italian people, for when did the of their brethren in Italy. In the midst of this leading classes take the trouble of illuminating and rais- crude reality which describes in contradictory ing it up? It pains me to have to confess it: the religious terms the irreligiosity of the Italians, their supercondition of the upper classes in Italy is much more trou- stition, idolatry and semi-atheism, they would inbled than that of the common people. With a few honor- variably call themselves Roman Catholics should able exceptions, they present to us a large army of minds whose existence is a perpetual moral somnolence; unable they be asked about their religious affiliation. to believe, they have not enough moral strength to dis-·- believe anything seriously. They are Catholics for social When you talk to them about the doctrines of the convenience and opportunism. They boast that they have Roman Church such as the auricular confession, minds strong and free; but whilst they attack religion, purgatory, indulgences, mass, litanies, etc., they they send their children to Jesuit schools. They have no say: "I don't believe in these things, but I was convictions, and laugh at everything; but you see them born a Catholic and I shall die a Catholic …… I on every occasion ordering masses and priestly funerals. don't care to attend the church and support it They desire the priest, but in the solemn moments of life financially, but -I am a Catholic, and I am proud . they throw themselves, body and soul, into the arms of the of it." clergy….. .

Prof. Mariano was not a Protestant, but as a Prof. Archibald McClure, of the University of student and observer of the religious life of the Chicago, in his book "Leadership of the New Italians he was honest enough to say the truth. America," says: Father Curci, a great scholar, had a great de- The startling assertion has been frequently made this sire to translate and publish the New Testament, past winter that 90 per cent of the Italians are without

CONDITIONS AMONG ITALIANS IN AMERICA

the sway of the Roman Catholic Church. Though they priest as being parasite, gnawing worm, bag of coal, selmay still go to church to be baptized, married and buried, fish, and author and bearer of misfortunes . . . this is their sole connection with it. Even this is a matter of social custom rather than conviction. A leading Italian All that is being said by the people in Italy against the priest in New York admitted that at least 50 per cent of hated priest, their most foolish accusations, their most the Italians were without the church, except for baptism, infamous malignity, are repeated in America by the Italmarriage and burial-and that although some 3,000 at- ian people. Very often they salute the priest when he is tended Sunday services in his church on the lower East in front of them, but to his back they say uncomplimen- Side, there were as many more in that neighborhood who tary things against him . . . While we see the Amerdid not do so. . . . .. A father of a very prominent Italian icans, both Protestant and Catholic, respecting their lawyer of New Jersey has been here forty-two years and priests and devoted to their churches, the Italians speak never been in the church; another Italian notary public disparagingly of their priests, saying: "Let them go to in West Virginia, though here fourteen years, never goes work" . . . "I don't intend to support them" . . . "They to the church-just two instances of religious indifference repeat the same thing." . . . . "I . . . go to church?" which might be multipled by the hundreds and the thou- Hence we see that not even five per cent of the Italians sands." attend church.

One Sunday morning I preached on "The Re- This statement is by an Italian priest who ligious Indifference of Galio," one of the twelve knows the religious condition of his people. The Italians mentioned in the New Testament (Acts religious condition of the Italian Catholics in 18: 12-17). I deplored the religious indifference America has not changed for the better during the of our modern Italians who generally go to church past twelve years. The situation of the second on three occasions of their life: christening, mar- and third generations is very perplexing and of riage and burial. At the close of the service a great concern to those who are interested in their young man approached me and said: "Pastor, I welfare. These American-born seem to have given want to thank you for your sermon but I don't up the good traits which their parents imported agree with you when you said that the Italians from Italy, and to have retained the bad ones, go to church on three occasions in their life. In and on the top of this they have absorbed the fact, when they are christened and buried, they worst customs of the American life. The combiare carried there; so they go only once by their nation is not an easy matter with which to deal. own free-wilL" May God inspire and lead us in handling this disturbing situation. Speaking with an intelligent Italian business man on religious matters, and learning that he Now if this is the picture of the religious status did not believe· in the most important doctrines of the Italians in America, what are we going to of Catholicism and did not support his Church in do about it? Shall we imitate the priest and the any way, I pointed out to him that he could not levite of the parable and "pass by on the other be a good Catholic if he rejected practically all si~' or shall we follow the example of the Good her doctrines and dogmas. He answered: Samaritan who proved to be a real neighbor?

"Reverend, when you go to a banquet you don't It is to be regretted that in America there is a eat everything they put before you, but you sim- tendency on the part of some people who say that ply take what you like. So I do with my religious Protestant has no right to disturb the faith of food." "My dear man," I replied, "judging from these Italians and to try to convert them. But what you said you believe, it seems to me, that do they have any real faith to be disturbed? Their you don't take any food at all from your Catholic own priests acknowledge that they have none. banquet; if you don't change cook and dining The objections come from "broad minded" minroom you will soon be starving to death!" isters who have influenced not a few of our Prot- estant pulpits, men who believe that all religions He laughed and said: "Well, what's the differ- are of equal moral value. If all roads lead to ence; religion to me is a secondary matter. I Rome, all roads do not lead to Heaven. There never bother about it. I am a Catholic …… and was no compromise on the part of Jesus Christ this is enough for me." concerning the way of salvation. He did not hesi- tate to disturb the Jews and to tell them they The Rev. P. Pambianco, a priest of an Italian must be converted. Catholic Church of Philadelphia, published an article in L'Opinione, a daily Italian paper of the If Protestantism has no mission in the world same city, on July 20, 1922, in which he says: today then the Reformation of the 16th century was a colossal mistake. But if Protestantism has Our colonies have no consideration for the Italian Cath- a work to do, let us not hesitate to disturb the olic clergy. They still have ferocious prejudices against faith of the Italians and with renewed faith, in the clergy as though the priests were one of the causes Jesus Christ, and with enthusiasm and consecrafor the propaganda which is being waged against the tion let us go forward in preaching the Gospel to Italians who are looked down upon in America . . . the people "who recently came from Italy" (Acts The Italian people have been influenced against the clergy 18: 2). by the well known ring-leaders who have instilled in the people's mind the most foolish prejudices, hatreds, scorns, sarcasms and defamations. Hence utterances against the

Success of Missionary

By ELLSWORTH HUNTINGTON, _.•<tff{ New Haven, Connecticut Department of Social Sciences, Yale University TAKEN as a whole, missionary children ap- in "making themselves useful and valuable mem- pear to be of unusually high character and to bers of society" and in thus becoming "men whose achieve unusual success. This fact was for- achievements render the world a better place in cibly brought out by Dr. Robert E. Speer in an which to live." The method at Harvard was more address at the annual meeting of the American personal, but otherwise was essentially the same.

Eugenics Society in May, 1934. In that address The number of missionaries was small (six at Dr. Speer emphasized the value of the fine train- Yale and two at Harvard), but it is worth noting ing received by missionary children. Another that all of these eight were ranked high, and their factor, however, is likewise important, namely average was notably higher than that of graduates their biological inheritance. From birth onward in any other profession. This rating is confirmed no two individuals are absolutely alike in either by other facts. Dr. Speer, for example, states appearance, intellect, or temperament. "Identi- that thirty-six missionaries from the Presbyterian cal" twins, springing from a single egg, are al- Board alone have been decorated by foreign gov- most exactly alike until diverse environments ernments. Who's Who in America for 1926-27 cause them to differ, but other pairs of brothers contains forty-seven sketches of missionaries and and sisters, even ordinary twins, differ greatly about twenty-seven times as many of clergymen physically, and the mental differences are even who are not missionaries. This means that, in more noticeable. Innumerable experiments make proportion to their numbers, the missionaries are it clear that no known method of training can con- fully as likely to be included in Who's Who as are vert a congenital moron into a genius. On the the clergymen who stay at home. This is in spite other hand, a person born with a fine intellect can of the fact that the missionaries are buried far be trained in many directions. Environment hiay away in foreign countries where there is little turn him into a skillful criminal or a spiritual opportunity for their deeds to become widely leader; but in either role he will excel because of known among Americans. Hence it appears that inborn ability. The unusual success of missionary missionaries as a whole achieve a much higher children apparently is due to the fact that they degree of what is commonly called success than possess unusual innate ability, and therefore can do the clergymen who stay at home.

profit from excellent training. Turning now to the children of missionaries, the But what evidence have we as to the success of three Yale classes studied included six sons of missionary children? In contradiction to the old missionaries, all of whom are engaged in non- sayings as to the black sheep among ministers' missionary professions. These, as well as the sons and deacon's daughters, Dr. Speer has col- actual missionaries, were ranked phenomenally lected many forceful opinions which indicate very high by their classmates, averaging well above the high ability, character and success. While there sons of graduates in any other profession.

is not much statistical evidence to uphold this In another investigation the college careers of favorable opinion, such evidence as we have indi- Yale classes graduating from 1922 to 1926 were cates that missionaries are as a rule highly suc- examined. The members of these classes were cessful and that their children follow in their ranked according to their official records as to steps. A few years ago, Dr. John C. Phillips and scholarship, athletic activity, other extra-cur- the writer cooperated in a study of the success of ricular activities, and earnings. The eighteen college graduates and the relation of success to young men who -were sons of missionaries out- the size of families. He took three classes at ranked the sons of every other profession. Un- Harvard who had been out of college 25 or 30 fortunately it is impossible to pick out all the chil- years, and I took three similar classes at Yale. dren of missionaries in "Who's Who," but some In the case of the Yale graduates, from five to can be identified and the number of sons of mis- nine men in each class graded their classmates on sionaries appears to be out of all proportion to the a scale of one to five according to their success actual number of missionaries. For example, [74 ] among the seventy-one missionaries listed in the sionaries, as in no other profession, the same rig- 1932-33 edition of "Who's Who," at least thirteen, orous selective processes apply to both fathers and including all three of the missionary women in mothers. Selection on both sides of the family the book, are children of missionaries. But among seems to be one of the great secrets of the success missionary children it is not probable that more of missionaries' children. than one in ten or twenty return to the foreign All this means not only that the missionary child field. Even if one in ten go back, missionary chil- is very carefully trained, but that the biological dren are nearly twice as likely to be included in material to which the training is applied is of "Who's Who" as are the children of clergymen in high quality. One member of the great J. P. Morgeneral. Further exact data on this subject are gan banking firm, for example, is the son of a greatly needed, but enough has been said to show missionary, while many others are in equally inthat wherever we have yet been able to test the fluential positions. It is natural for religious matter, the children of missionaries on an average leaders and educators to believe that training is show unusual ability and achieve notable success. the main reason for high character and success.

Let us consider now the reasons for this suc- The world has long believed that if children could cess. Undoubtedly one is the good training which be properly trained in every respect, many of our the children of missionaries receive in their early troubles would end. It seems to be scientifically years. Another and equally important reason is demonstrable, however, that unless we have able that such children are usually endowed with a fine leaders no such training is possible, and the rank biological inheritance. Their parents are selected and file will not make progress. It seems equally very rigorously. The Builders of America, writ- certain that able leaders are born as well as made. ten by Mr. Leon F. Whitney and the present au- Even though our present knowledge of human inthor, calls attention to the fact that the mission- heritance is very imperfect, it is clear that higharies of practically all the more intellectual de- grade parents tend to produce children of high nominations must be well educated, which means grade. In individual cases the children of the that they must have good minds to start with. fine parents may turn out poorly, because every Next they must be deeply religious. Third, they one carries a highly mixed inheritance. Weare must be so altruistic that they are willing to make genuine mongrels because thus far there has been great sacrifices. Fourth, they must have the no satisfactory eugenic program. Nevertheless, pioneering spirit, or the spirit of adventure which repeated investigations demonstrate that if a thoumakes them eager to go to one of the remote parts sand children of high-grade parents are compared of the earth. A fifth type of selection arises from with a thousand children of low-grade parents the the necessity for moral courage, and for the kind forwer type will have a decided advantage. Thereof strength that resists the attractions of life in for'e it is highly desirable that there be relatively America with all its opportunities for fame, large families among missionaries, among whom wealth, and pleasure. The majority of mission- both parents have been chosen through a process aries must be willing to resign themselves to life of strenuous selection. Today among the missionin some lonely corner where no one but God knows aries listed in the 1932-33 edition of "Who's Who," much about their struggles and their successes. the average number of children born in completed Physical as well as moral courage is a sixth qual- families amounts to 3.48 whereas it was 3.71 ten ity which acts as a selective factor. One who is years earlier. The corresponding figures among physically timid, or at least who yields to physical clergymen in America are 3.21 and 3.29, while timidity, rarely goes to a mission field. It takes among all the men in "Who's Who" it was 2.80 the finest kind of courage to proceed quietly with in 1922-23 and among artists only 2.20. The famone's work when a Boxer uprising or the fierce ilies of missionaries have declined appreciably anger of savages endanger one's life. Still an- during the last decade while those of the clergy at other factor in the selection is the fact that only home have changed only a little. Nevertheless, people of good health and sound constitution are the missionary families still remain slightly accepted for the mission field and later ill health larger than the others, and both clergymen and of any member of the family may cause their re- missionaries have more children than are born in turn home. Thus missionaries are selected be- the less altruistic professions. Those who because of intellectual ability, religious earnestness, lieve in the value of religious training, as well as altruism, the spirit of adventure, moral courage, of heredity, see in this a good sign. The world physical courage and good health. But the most has no greater need than that of high-grade chilimportant point of all is that among foreign mis- dren in high-grade homes.

of the Unchurched

By J. CAMPBELL WHITE, LL.D., New York Minister of the Community Center and Training School, West 44th Street United Presbyterian Church p: OFFICIAL resolution, passed at the recent get this truth across to all the children and youth National Convention of the Protestant of the nation by every possible method of ap- Episcopal Church, reads in part: proach? This is the truth and is tremendously "Whereas, millions of unchurched children in worth saying, and as soon as the churches can say this country constitute a major responsibility and it and mean it, a vast change will begin to take an unrivalled missionary opportunity for the place throughout America. Church." It is futile to try to reach all these millions of The resolutions called upon all the bishops, children and youth by anyone method, however clergy and churches "to make every effort to valuable. Doubtless, a genuine awakening of the reach these children through our church schools churches would lead to a great expansion of Sunand other agencies for Christian education." Sim- day school work and to a vast improvement in ilar action was taken by the New York and Kan- its general quality. But many millions of these sas Synods of the United Presbyterian Church and by the United Lutheran Church of America in youth will need to be reached by other methods. their biennial convention. These official actions, One thoughtful man, writing on the subject, says: taken during October of this year, make it clear that there is a real and widespread stirring of "We need practically a new profession created, of conviction on this question of evangelizing the persons who specialize on finding contact with a children and youth of America. The question group of these young people and leading them into was under prayerful discussion as to the need for the knowledge and experience of the truth as it is in Christ." What a chance for a training school for leaders of youth that would be competent to develop such "a new profession" !

a national agency to promote Christian effort For younger children one of the great fields to among unchurched children and youth. be expanded is Bible teaching of public school It is clear that only a powerful, sustained, na- children on released time. In Chattanooga, for tionwide effort can enlist and guide our churches the past twelve years, a committee representing in reaching double the number of children and youth than they are now reaching. No one church all the Protestant churches has selected and emcan solve this problem. It will tax the resources ployed Bible teachers in the public schools. Last of all of our Protestant churches working coop- year 8,758 pupils were taught in 32 different eratively. But by concerted and determined and schools of the city. Their report states that "many divinely guided action on the part of all Christian children have been won to Christ and church memforces it is possible to bring about a radical bership through the Bible classes in the public change in this situation during the next few years. schools. Hundreds of children from homes that Can we not so lay this burden of responsibility are not Christian first learn of Christ in these upon all churches that they shall actually make Christian instruction of youth as general as secu- classes and are led into the Sunday schools." "The lar education? There are thirty-four million chil- children in their Love Offering conducted by the dren of school age (6 to 18) in the United States. Parent-Teachers Association gave $1,243.39 to Only one-half of them are under Christian instruc- the budget, the largest single gift received from tion by either Protestant or Catholic churches. anyone organization." If this can be done in Chattanooga, why can it not be done in 1,000 other cities and towns of America? Millions of children In the meantime, immorality and crime go on might thus be reached with vital Christian inincreasing. Our Attorney General called a con- struction who wf)uld not be reached without this ference on Crime Prevention to meet in Wash- method being used. Have not the Christian ington on December 10th. He says that crime is chu1'ches and Christian parents surrendered ennow costing one billion dollars every month. What tirely too much in failing to provide for biblical can the Christian forces say that is worth saying, education as an essential part of education? An unless it is that Christ alone can cure sin and effective national agency can lead hundreds of crime and that the churches are determined to cities to adopt this plan.

[ 76]

CRITICISMS OF WORK FOR JEWS

The Catholic and Jewish groups in Chattanooga Some constructive ways to help: have been free to provide their own religious instruction for school children electing it, but they 1. Take this need deeply into your heart to pray have never actually supplied it. and work for till the need is actually met. Pray in groups as well as alone. In addition to the above methods, millions of other youth can be reached only by the small group 2. Let your own church leaders and the Intermethod. The right kind of a leader, organizing a denominational Provisional Committee which is club of boys or girls and cultivating them wisely working at this problem know of your interest. for their own development, including the consid- A thousand persons praying and thinking and eration of the deepest problems of life-this plan working together for this object will become irreis probably the chief practical one in the case of sistible. Why not be one of that group? (Please multitudes of youth not reachable by other meth- send your name to the writer at 432 West 44th ods. Almost no youth are beyond reach by this Street, New York City.) method-if the leader is both competent and consecrated. The enlistment and training of an army 3. The strong national agency needed to get of such leaders is a matter of first importance. such a program into operation and carry it for- It is a bigger and more important job than is now ward will require substantial financing. Pray for being done by any university in existence. Who the funds needed and do whatever else you are will provide an adequate training school for pro- moved by the Spirit of God to do to get this parducing reliable guides of youth? Could anything ticular problem solved. conceivable have a larger place in building the new nation and the new world that must be the 4. Tackle where you are the job of reaching desire of all who have been touched by the Spirit unchurched children. If you can get into contact of the Good Shepherd? with even half a dozen of them, it may mean their transformation, to say nothing of what it may mean to you of added joy in living.

Criticisms of Work for Jews By REV. PAUL I. MORENTZ, Philadelphia, Pa. Missionary of the Luthera11 Miss.ion to the I ews • CRITICISM, both by Hebrews and Christians In searching the Scriptures, one cannot find a single trace in regard to what is called "proselytizing" of Judaism being reserved, as it were, for the children of among the Jews, is based on erroneous con- Jacob, or anything that could be construed as being adceptions as to what the Gospel is and what con- verse to bringing other nations within its fold…. It is stitutes Christian mission work among Jews. quite natural that the Jews, while their own lives were threatened by persecution, and when the conversion of a Hebrew Critics Gentile might have brought dire punishment on the whole community, should have refrained from carrying on reli- Who are the Hebrews who criticise Christian gious p~opaganda. Not so, however, in olden times, and mission work among the Jews? Are they Ortho- under cIrcumstances favorable to Jewish missionary activdox Jews who sincerely believe in the Old Testa- ity…. We find at the very beginning of our history the ment Scriptures, in the mission of Israel and in promise given to Abraham that "all the nations of the the coming of the Messiah? earth shall be blessed in thee." His descendants were to be means of spreading this divine blessing among all the In my library is a collection of essays under the nations of the world…. The messages sent by the prophtitle: "The Jewish Library," edited by Rabbi Leo ets, were they not apostolic epistles from those who propa- Jung. Among those essays is one on "The Spread gated the Word of God and the fear of Him to the heathen of Judaism Through the Ages," by the Rev. nations and kings? Haham Moses Gaster, Ph.D., London, England, who says: This much from a very prominent representa- tive of orthodox Jewry. Among the many fallacies affecting the Jews and Judaism, there is none which is so generally accepted and so How about Reformed Judaism which rejects the deeply rooted as that which declares Judaism to be a mere coming of a personal Messiah but which speaks tribal religion, and to have neither the wide outlook nor in most emphatic terms of "the mission of Israel" the ideal expectation of becoming a world religion. . . . (whatever they may mean by that)? In my li- brary is another book called "The Unknown Sanc-

tuary," by Aime Palliere, a French Catholic con- the world for Judaism." (From the Chicago Jew- vert to Judaism, who some years ago toured ish Sentinel of January 23, 1931.) America as a guest lecturer invited by the well- Let Us Carry On known Rabbi Stephen S. Wise. A Foreword to this book, written by Edmond Fleg, a prominent How can we carry on mission work among the representative of Liberal Judaism in France, has Jews? I could not tell you if I would and I would this to say: not tell you if I could. Who am I to tell others how they should win a single soul to Christ, to Reversing the route by which Catholicism had developed say nothing of how to win a nation to Christ? No from primitive Christianity, and primitive Christianity method is right that is not in strict accord with from Judaism, he [Aime Palliere] became step by step the the spirit and teaching of Jesus Christ. Any spiritual contemporary of those great Romans, who, at the method is right that is in strict accord with the time of the coming of Christ, were the proselytes of Israel.

. Almost unconsciously he realized that he had ceased to be spirit of Jesus Christ. My personal method is to a Christian and that he had been conquered by Judaism. seek to educate Jew and Christian. The Christian In this inevitable return journey the new convert seems as must learn what the Jew has and what he does not yet a solitary pilgrim-but this may only seem to be so. have; when we learn that then we must be will- … At last there seems to be a sign that this age-old hope may be realized amid the diverse faiths of the world. ing to give the Jew what he needs – the Gospel, Might not one say that the ancient Messianism of Israel, Jesus himself, and above all, His love. In a counwhich is become the religion of Palliere, is on the way to try like America, where the Gospel has free becoming the religion of humanity? course and where Jews and Christians are in con- Christian Critics stant touch with each other, the Christian should Who are the Christians who criticise mission not leave the work of spreading the Gospel among the Jews to a few converted Jews or professional work among the Jews? Do they accept the Bible, mISSIOnaries. Every church should be a store- Old and New Testament, as the inspired Word of house of Christian knowledge and life for all peo- God? Do they accept Jesus as the Messiah, prom- ple, Jews and Gentiles. Every Christian pastor, ised to Israel and through Israel to the world? indeed every sincere Christian, should be a mis- Do they accept Christianity as a universal reli- sionary to the Jews-not a "proselyter" for his gion that preaches a universal salvation and that particular church or denomination, but a witness answers a universal need? This is the sole basis for Jesus Christ. The Jew must learn that the of mission work among Jews. If the Jew who be- Christian has no other interest except to bring lieves in the Old Testament sees in it a universal Christ to him. Noone wants to force a Jew or mission, is a Christian to see less in his Bible anyone else to be a Christian. No one wants any which has, in addition to Moses and the Prophets, one to give up his race or nationality. No one the New Testament, Jesus and the Apostles? Is wants the Jew to give up anything that is essenthere a single passage in the New Testament that tial to Biblical or national Judaism. All a Chris~ would encourage one to think that the universal tian wants is to enrich the Jew and his religion claim of Christianity excludes the Jew? I heartily by the teachings and life of Jesus Christ, just as recommend to Christians the attitude of men like many thousands of Jews in the past and as many John R. Mott, who is quoted as having said at a thousands of Jews at present are enriched by the meeting of the International Missionary Council: Gospel. When both Jews and Christians learn "Missionary work among the Jews is a duty in that there is no ulterior and unworthy motive spite of all protests." It was refreshing to see back of mission work, that all can only benefit by that when Dr. Mott's remark was termed "ill coming together and contributing to each other, timed" by a Christian (the Rev. Everett R. then criticism will vanish and sincere Jew and Clinchy), a Jewish Rabbi from Chicago, (G. Christian will both be enriched by the Gospel of George Fox), came to Dr. Mott's defense by say- Jesus Christ. ing: "Dr. Mott is simply a good orthodox Chris- tian, who believes with all his might in the words A Missionary's Equipment of his Gospel. And if you turn to Matthew 28: A life yielded to God and controlled by His Spirit.

19-20, you will find what in Christian theology is A restful trust in God for the supply of all needs.

called the 'Great Commission' and which reads: A sympathetic spirit and a willingness to take a lowly 'And Jesus spake: Go ye therefore and teach all place. nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit; teaching Tact in dealing with men and adaptability towards c,ir- cumstances.

Zeal in service and steadfastness in discouragement.

. them to observe whatsoever I have commanded Love for communion with God and for the study of His . you.' . . . I wish we Jews had the faith and the word. loyalty and the zeal of a Dr. Mott. I wish we could muster men who would be willing to conquer Some experience and blessing in the Lord's work at home. A healthy body and a vigorous mind.

-J. Hudson Taylor.

Ways of

I ! crested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~=I================================~I'~ I OUR MISSIONARY EDUCA- local church. The ultimate objects of for "Coaching Days" held in dis- this endeavor is to sow free literature tricts or zones for the benefit of TION KALEIDOSCOPE throughout the churches, swing the prospective teachers in local mis- congregations into line with mission- sion study groups. "Suzuki As your Department Editor ary education plans, promote reading Looks at Japan" is recommended shifts her interdenominational and mission study classes or circles, this year for all adult groups. kaleidoscope, the brightest mis- cooperate with the pastor in his missionary feature in the home sionary plans, use the church calendar The United Brethren are pubchurch is the annual increase in or bulletin, posters, etc., as means to lishing through their Foreign the number of readers and stu- the main end, hold an annual tea in Mission Society a forty-page dents of home and foreign mis- early autumn to present the new books pamphlet entitled "Our Father's sion literature and the variety and outline plans, make use of insti- Family" in which are thirty-five of devices for making this at- tutes and other interdenominational daily readings for devotional tractive. She has an embarass- study groups and to keep before the periods inclusive of family worment of voluminous contribu- members the special privilege of fur- ship, to familiarize the people tions at hand upon the subject nishing funds for the translation of with affairs in the younger and can give only a few bits literature into other languages. The churches on the overseas fields. from here and there. If your mission study department is furnish- A Scripture reading, a prayer plans for Schools of World ing- the money this year for transla- and a three-quarter page of bio- Friendship are already under- tions into Japanese. "Since every ef- graphical mat t e r concerning way, save these suggestions for fort is worth while, discouragement some missionary character is the the next time. But many of shall not lodge with me," concludes the daily assignment. them are timeless and may be Synodical Secretary of Mission Study. used by program builders as well The American Friends Board as study leaders. A Variety of Plans of Missions holds one-day mis- sionary institutes at which the A leaflet of the Women's Mis- Coaching Conferences are be- morning session is devoted to an sionary Society of the United ing used· by Southe~n' Presby- exhibit of map s, pictures, Lutheran Church says: terian churches to aid mission graphs, data, etc., with speakers study leaders to present their furnishing the interpretations. An imperative obligation to make textbooks in the best possible In the afternoon missionary edudisciples of all men rests upon the way. These gatherings are held cation methods, field problems Church. This obligation cannot be "early enough for the teacher to and "ways and means" discusdischarged without widespread and in- make plans for the class but not sions fill the time. Stereopticon telligent sympathy throughout the too early for her to 'cool off' and pictures are shown in the eve- Church. I believe this can be brought lose enthusiasm." The groups ning. about by systematic missionary edu- are so arranged as to minimize cation. The advantages of a small traveling expenses, delegates be- The Reformed Church in the study class are: (1) Its small size ing further instructed, in some United States majors on miswhich permits expression from each cases, to bring their own lunch- sionary ins t r u c t ion in the member. (2) Its series of meetings eons with the hostfi!sS providing Church School. They don't do in close succession, thus securing the only a hot drink. Some synodi- things by halves. One church cumulative effect of impressions. (3) cals, however, allow a fund in writes that every class in its Its demand for serious study. (4) their budgets to cover confer- school took six weeks of study Its atmosphere of discussion which ence costs. Leaders of vision in the fall and six more in the gives life to the class. The gaining and enthusiasm are chosen. spring, alternating bet wee n of information in a class is not an end in itself but should result in inspira- "Leadership of Mission Study home and foreign missions. Ortion which leads to action. The aim Groups" is the name of a course dinarily straight mission study is: To realize the slogan, "One or used by the Methodist Episcopal takes the place of the regular more mission study classes and read- Church, South, pastors and Sunday School lessons for those ing circles in every missionary society other leaders being familiarized periods. Miss Ruth Heinmiller in the United Lutheran Church." with the current study books and writes in Bulletin No. One of the also the principles and methods The system advocated is that of for teaching them, with a view having a synodical mission study sec- to becoming, in turn, instructors retary working through the conferences and on down through confer- [79 ] ence and congregational secretaries to' similar promotional agencies in the

International Council of Reli- flags and decorations matching loved on both sides of the line, gious Education: the countries. With each ex- writes: hibit was a map showing the The men were reluctant at first location of the stations, and from We set up an exhibit on Friday, about taking it, but after they got this were strung ribbons bear- preferably in a gymnasium or some into the study they didn't want to stop. ing the names of the mission- room with high walls. We decorate They have been writing in asking for aries and dates of their terms of the walls with tapestries, maps, picmore information and especially about service. This material was in- tures, etc. We place on long tables our denominational work. The y tensively used in nine successive all the way around a large, square frankly confessed that they did not services inclusive of Sundays room . . . curios representing the know our denomination was carrying and Wednesdays, with a stereop- home life, agriculture, industries, on so much work. A striking result ticon lecture at each meeting. trade, health conditions, religions, etc., of this study is the fact that this China, Ceylon, India, America, of our different mission fields. We church paid the highest amount of its the Near East, Africa, Japan. have one or two missionaries at each denominational apportionment of any and the Philippines were succes- of the tables representing Korea, church in the Classis for the year. sively featured, plays, pageants, And for the third quarter of this year impersonations and an "around- China, India, Africa, Trinidad and (1933-34) they have paid 100 per the-world sup per," cafeteria Home Missions. They explain the cent! style, adding to the lure of the curios and are ready to answer ques- lectures. Churches within a The Protestant E pis cop a l radius of fifty miles were invited tions. Church has set up series of to these excellent meetings. We invite all the public and high reading courses through its Projects helped to make the plan Woman's Auxiliary, following permanent and practical. A school scholars to visit this exhibit the general plan of the Amer- number of the contributing mis- from two to four, the younger chilican Library Association in its sionaries had mentioned articles dren coming from two to three and "Reading with a Purpose." The they needed for their work. In the high school students and adults chief aim is to develop the mis- response, the Women's Associa- from three to four. Then we close sionary reading habit among tion, the Young People's Socie- the exhibit and bring all those old those not attending study classes. ties and three departments of enough into an auditorium to hear an A line of brief booklets called the Sunday school joined forces address on what missions means and "The Today Series" has been to collect materials and funds to what moves us to carryon the work. brought out, for ins tan c e, meet the needs. Surely the per- Then we divide the audience into "Japan Today." It is amazing manent effect of such an effort groups to go with the missionaries how much interesting informa- justified the great amount of tion can be packed into so small energy expended upon it. into class rooms for conversation and a space. The Lenten season is study. We put a small library on the especial mission study pe- In an isolated mountain region riod of the Episcopalians, its six of North Carolina, a woman liv- each field into the corresponding class weeks being intensively used, ing part way up a mountain did rooms so that the missionary is able even to the taking of Lenten and her bit in starting a missionary to tell the people what is available for Birthday Thank-offerings for loan library, as many as twenty- them to read and study. We put a spreading Christ's Kingdom. five books being called for and very large exhibit into the center of the recipients traveling many the big gymnasium which is sur- The Congregational-Christian miles to get the reading matter! Denomination is very zealous in rounded by tables of curios. A group of rural and village After these discussion groups we missionary education. 0 n e churches in New Jersey united church in Emmetsburg, Iowa, their resources for m iss ion usually have a supper to which leadconsented to be one of twelve study over a period of six weeks, ing workers are invited. Sometimes churches in the state to hold ex- with the result that the partici- we have one supper for young peoperimental "World – Friendship pants were very enthusiastic, ple to which everybody is invited. Institutes" which would bring saying they 'had never had a Sometimes over 200 sit down. The the world to the home church. more enjoyable or profitable time general public likes to come in about Letters telling of the proposed than that spent in this coopera- seven o'clock to see the exhibit. Misinstitute were sent to thirty-nine tive endeavor. sionaries are all in charge and the missionaries widely scattered public is always welcome. Then there over the map, asking for letters, And Away Up in Canada is a big mass meeting beginning at maps, pictures and explanations of their work, the local churches In the International Council eight o'clock. We put ads into the meeting the transportation ex- of Religious Education Bulletin paper and secure extra sp.ace for inpense up to a given limit. The previously mentioned an ac- terviews with missionaries and anresponse from some of those ad- count is given of the marked suc- nouncements of Sunday preaching. dressed was a flood of excellent cess attained in Canada by On Sunday, missionaries and secrematerial, even to a choice collec- "World Missionary Conferences taries preach in all the churches in tion of shells. The material was and Missionary Exhibits." Dr. the city and surrounding country. assembled in a series of booths F. C. Stephenson, a man much representative of the various Then on Sunday afternoon there is an fields, the home material in one International Missionary Rally – a room and the foreign in another, wonderful m e e tin g – with short speeches. On Sunday night, there are speakers in city pulpits. In some churches after-meetings are held, but enough missionaries are free to con- duct the exhibit for an hour after church.

On Monday morning we have a meeting with the ministers. . . . We let them tell us all their troubles and try to help them . . . Also on Mon- day morning our missionaries go to the high school and technical schools, giving short addresses and inviting the young people to come to our ex- hibit, so Monday afternoon is usually a very strenuous one. Usually we have a pageant or play put on by the N"oung people Monday night, preceded by a big supper. By Tuesday the

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

workers and ministers are thoroughly 8. Pantomimes during reading of maintains attendance and interaroused. The day is spent in close-up "East Wind, West Wind." est, Rev. William E. Harmon dework with ministers, official board cided that this was not so much members, Sunday school and young 9. Debate on Unemployment Insur- due to irreligion, irreverance or people's leaders, closing with a big ance (following study of "Christ and the death of spiritual impulses supper at night which is well at- the Modern World"). as to the need for giving "old, tended. Then of course we must fol- eternal truths new habiliments low up with correspondence. We have 10. Address by Negro woman on -a refurbishing and sometimes never put on anything else which is "Changing Racial Attitudes." entirely new clothing." On this quite as satisfactory. thesis he established The Reli- 11. By means of posters, charts and gious Motion Picture Founda- One Plan in Detail scrapbooks, class members presented tion, 140 Nassau St., New York a graphic demonstration of the appli- City, whose very comprehensive The following detailed study cation of Christian principles to some catalog may be obtained free. of one School of WorId Friend- phases of the world's life. War and The expense is very slight and ship is timeless in its principles peace were emphasized the most. precludes any profit for the and its pattern may be used with (Given by guild girls.) Foundation save that of spiritany combination of themes or ual dividends. For communities study books. This schedule was 12. Interracial frieRdship program, without facilities, the Foundavaried from year to year but in by junior and primary children, re- tion offers projectors, screens general remained basic: flecting their class study and using and even the service of an oper- Mexican children, with other partici- ator upon application at the 6: 15, an inexpensive supper. pants costumed to represent children nearest distribution bureau, as 6: 45 to 7: 15, song and devotional of other nationalities. follows: period-a study of great hymns for one topic. 13. From the covers of a book large Beacon Films, Inc., 25 West 45th 7: 15 to 8: 10, study classes, lecture enough to conceal them stepped class St., New York City. method used with adults, in the main. members impersonating doctors and 8: 10 to 8: 45, feature period. nurses whose lives of service were re- Holbrook-Smith Production, 33 West A hymn-sing was used last year to corded in one of the study books. Ex- 60th St., New York City. make profitable the pre-supper period hibit of hospital supplies made by while the people were gathering. class, to be sent away through the Pilgrim Press, 14 Beacon St., Bos- White Cross for mission use. ton, Mass. For the regular suppers, the juniors sometimes prepared at- The closing session of the series one Division of Visual Aids, Presbytractive table favors. Leaflets year featured a Friendship Supper. terian Board of Christian Education, furnished by the national board From large upright hearts in the Witherspoon Building, Philadelphia, of the denomination were also center of each table extended red Pa. placed at each plate at table; and cords to flags of different nations set in accordance with the slogan, at the four corners of the table, to Presbyterian Book Store, 234 Mc- "Read! Share!" the literature express the keynote of the function. Allister St., San Francisco, Calif. was supposed to be read between Beautiful booklets indicating the evesessions and passed on to others ning's theme had been made by the Y. M. C. A. Motion Picture Bureau, who had not been present. juniors and were used as place favors. 347 Madison Ave., New York City, or Girls doing Christian Americaniza- Room 1019 South La Salle St., Chi- The feature periods, following tion work and others having foreign cago, Ill. the class sessions, were of spe- friends brought these as guests of cial interest. .Here are a few il- honor, introducing them to the entire The Japanese Tourist Bureau, lustrations: company, the foreigners giving sen- 551 Fifth Ave., New York City, tences of greeting in their own lan- also furnishes for the cost of 1. Five-minute map drill of Baptist guages, translated into English by carriage only a number of reels stations, using electrified maps of the their friend-hostesses. Appropriate of Japanese pictures of general home and foreign countries studied- music of the nationalities was inter- import and good as background three on each-all given by the same spersed. An original pageant on one material. person to ensure unity and compre- of the study books (Torch-Bearers) hensiveness. furnished the climax of the evening. Pass on the Torch 2. For "atmosphere," an exhibit of Expressional Projects furnish one Pass on the torch, pass on the flame, Indian and Chinese art, pictures, items of the most valuable features of each of home settings, etc., arranged by a School of Missions in this church. Remember whence the glory came; guild girl who gives the explanations. Hospital supplies, showers for mission stations under the direction of a And eyes are on you as you run, 3. Responsive readings on "Along "Shower Lady," presentation of gifts the Indian Trail" and "Lanterns in suitable for use among Indians and Beyond the shining of the sun. Their Hands," given by different in- collected in an Indian drum accorddividuals to present a wealth of facts ing to lists of needs previously ascer- Lord Christ, we take the torch from about the two fields being studied. tained from various stations, offering of money gifts for Chinese missions Thee, 4. "Missions Speaks"-a playlet by (dropping this into a Chinese languild girls advertising denominational tern), and such like outlets for inter- We must be true, we must be free, missionary publications. est and emotion aroused by the studies are always arranged. Can you And clean of heart and strong of soul, 5. Talk by college professor on the imagine children trained thus in sucdevelopment of the Middle West along cessive sessions ever saying, "We To bear the glory to its goal. the line of Indian trails. don't believe in missions?" o Lord of life, to Thee we kneel; 6. "Indian Night"-Indian museum The foregoing excerpts were examined under guidance of "atmos- Maker of men, our purpose seal! phere" chairman. taken from contributions sent to this Department from the First We will, for honor of Thy name, 7. Play, "Two Thousand Miles for a Book," by dramatics class. Baptist Church of Galesburg, Pass on the torch, pass on the flame.

Illinois. -Allen Eastman Cross, in The Presbyterian Magazine. Visual Aids Noting the increasing diffi- culty with which the Church The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~~,===–=====~=I~ indifference t 0 ment" is quite in accord with the others, for the re- general subject of p ray e r, moval of bitter- namely "Bear ye one another's burdens and so fulfil the law of ness and e viI Christ" (Gal. 6: 2). The service thoughts fro m is prepared in six main divisions of which the third is "Worship our minds. Through Interpreting the Theme for Life Today" : Almighty God, our LEADER: What would it mean to obey heavenly Fat her, Christ's new commandment in our homes? who didst so love the ASSEMBLY: It would mean that gentle- world as to give Thy ness and courtesy, the will to under- stand, patience and good humor Son to be its light would bless the relationships of husband and wife, parent and child, and life, we would brothers and sisters. Each would share the work of the home, and know the mind of each would share his best gifts of mind and heart for the building of .: ',' our Master concen:- happiness in the home. ing this world of .' …. LEADER: What would it mean to obey Thine. For t his Christ's new commandment in our schools? .'.. -,', . cause we pray in . the words of Thy ASSEMBLY: It would mean that each member of the school community '., ," servant, Paul: "Let could be relied on for school spirit, that gentle manners and careful ." . this mind be in us, consideration for the rights of . .' which was also in others would prevail; and that a desire to fit oneself for service Christ Jesus." Help would replace selfish ambition as the dominant motive in education. . . .. .. us to see the world LEADER: What would it mean to obey as He saw it, to hear Christ's new commandment in the world of business? . " its cry as He heard ASSEMBLY: It would mean that em- ., it, to feel its need as ployers would deal with those who work for them as human beings of He felt it. Give U5 dignity and worth. Equally it would mean that all who are em-· His w 0 rId vision, ployed would give full measure of interest and of energy to the day's His world compas- work, regarding the humblest task as a trust to be fulfilled. sion, His world pur- pose and His wor~d LEADER: What would it mean to obey Christ's new commandment in our yearning. Forgive us community life?

wherein we h a v e ASSEMBLY: It would mean that the resources of the community would tried to keep His be organized for the well-being of all the citizens. Wholesale recrea- world-gospel to our- tion would be provided, temptations to intemperance and vice removed. selves. G ran t us The work of the community would be justly divided, as well as the re- LET TIns' MIND BE IN YOU singleness of pur- sulting gains. It would not be tol- WHICH WAS ALSO IN CHRIST JESUS pose and strength of will to publish the mind of Jesus for our world; and so bless the endeavors The illustration above is given of Thy servants who proclaim His gracious Gospel, that this our world through the courtesy of the may speedily. and surely be His Woman's Missionary Society of world. In His name. Amen. the General Synod, Reformed Church in the United States. ARTHUR V. CASSELMAN.

This society is in process of be- "A New Commandment"

coming the Woman's Missionary The Service of Worship for Society of the Evangelical and Young People to be used on the first Friday in Lent, Mareh 8, Reformed Church, an evidence 1935, the World Day of Prayer that "the mind" of Christ Jesus for Missions, was prepared by Miss Marjorie Trotter of Canfor unity is at work in the hearts ada at the request of the Interand minds of His followers. Board Committee, Woman's Mis- The illustration, symbolizing the sionary Societies of Canada. The theme "A New Commandfamily with the child in the midst, is the cover of a year's calendar of prayers. These prayers ask forgiveness for [ 82]

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

erated that a few should amass for- Blackfeet fro m the CONCERNING ORIENTALS tunes while the many suffered want. Winnebagoes. The i r IN AMERICAN LIFE LEADER: What would it mean to obey Christ's new commandment among homes, the i r lan- the nations? guages, their ways of ASSEMBLY: It would mean that the nations would gladly create inter- living, are not the national forces to regulate the world's trade for the benefit of the same." peoples of the world. It would mean that instead of throwing their 2. "I like to be strength into the race in armaments nations would throw their strength known as an Indian on into the World Court and League of Nations, that these might become the reservation," said effective instruments of world peace. It would mean trying to understand a Chippewa girl in St. the differences between races and peoples and giving each a chance to Paul, "but not in the make its distinctive contribution to- ward the enriching of the common city. If I told my em- life. ployer I was one, he LEADER: What would it mean to obey Christ's new commandment in our would think that I was personal lives? not capable and I ASSEMBLY: It would mean refusing to cherish resentment or bear a should lose my posi- grudge; it would mean looking for the best in other people; it would tion." mean studying and supporting the movements looking toward peace 3. Edward S w i c k and a new society; it would mean asking for God's help from day to (Wintermoon), in re- day in order to show forth the spirit of love in every situation. porting to Indian stu- Price, 2 cents; $1.50 per hundred. Order dents his participation from your denominational headquarters, or 105 East 22d Street, New York City. in the recent Meth- NEWS FLASH FROM odist Episcopal "cov- WALES ered wagon" journey Rev. Watcyn M. Price, of from Boston to Salem, Wrexham, Wales, wrote to the editor expressing his apprecia- Oregon, told of mistion of this Bulletin and reported that "The Presbyterian Church understandings of the of Wales will join with yourselves in the observance of the American I n d ian. World Day of Prayer (March 8)" and that in previous years Sometimes hew a s "wonderful prayer meetings up and down the land have been named "alien"; many held." were surprised that he INDIAN AMERICAN YOUTH spoke English; a boy "TRANSPLANTED" TODAY in New York City re- Haruko and Sabura-from "Rainbow Bridge" What Indian American young fused to shake hands (For junior children's reading, by Florence Crannell Means) people recognize as their own problems: with him "for he be- 1. Haskell student: "We In- lieved me not to be an Indian, DEAR READER: Haruko and dians are not all alike, any more than you white people are. The for he thought all Indians used Saburo are Americans. They Dutch are different from the paint and feathers." Winter- ask, Now that you have prob- Swedes, the Russians from the moon said, "It is the duty of the French. In the same way, the Indian to relate the analysis of ably studied about them in the Dakota Indians are different the characteristics of the Indian books on Japan and about Orienfrom the Chippewas, the Nava- tals in American Life, recently jos from the Cherokees, and the to the so-called Americans so published by the Missionary that they may readily under- Education Movement, what have stand us, that they may heed to you yourself done about it? our call, to our needs in this What has your missionary so- complicated world."

4. Ataloa of Bacone College, ciety done? Are they now for- Muskogee, Oklahoma, in ad- gotten? Or have you as fellow dressing Indian youth, said, citizens written to the President "We need religious leadership, of the U. S. A. expressing your motivated by the teachings of conviction as to the urgent need Christ, that will prove a new to secure new legislation and im- migration quota for Orientals, faith can minister to every comparable to that granted to phase of Indian experience and other new Americans? If you relationship with the same vi- tality as the old religions. . . . But without spiritual guidance, have not done it, please take the training, and unselfish devotion. lead in having your society think, Indian youth will fail in meet- pray, act now "for their sakes"

ing the challenge." and also as an immediate way "Trained leadership is the to do your part to maintain only answer to these problems. This means education where one world peace in the Pacific Area. may learn to 'share a life as well Sincerely yours, as make a living.' " THE EDITOR.

Europe where the lamp of truth once government. Later editions

the lurid tale were published to Principles that Unite Nations burned brightly. It is possible for help the Russian secret police fo- ment anti-Semitic agitation. The Universal Christian Coun- America to cease to be a Christian cil for Life and Work is looked country. . Bernstein's statement was upon by some as a world federa- confirmed by the lawyers for the tion of churches in the making. It is high time for us to awake to Berne plaintiffs who declared The younger churches in the Ori- that "The Protocols" were origent have been represented in our opportunities and responsibilities. inally based on an essay written meetings of the Council, and are in 1864 by Maurice J oly, a expected to form a fifth section We cannot play fast and loose with French author, called "A Diaof the world organization which logue in Hades Between Machinow has four active sections our obligations,and expect to trans- avellie and Montesquieu." made up of Eastern Orthodox, British, Continental and Ameri- mit to the coming generation a virile, -The Litery Digest. can. The Oriental Protestant churches are closely related redemptive Gospel. Every Christian World Wide D. V. B. S, through the International Missionary Council, which has as should pause and ask, What is Amer- Rev. Robert G. Boville, foundconstituent bodies the various er of the Daily Vacation Bible National Christian Councils. ica's testimony to the Christian faith? Schools, reports that during the The fundamental idea of the past year there had been held Universal Christian Council is What is the testimony of the Govern- 3,307 vacation Bible schools in that common service and con- the different countries of the paduct based on Christian prin- ment? of the college? of the church? gan world, having 13,911 teachciples, will draw together even ers, and 173,421 pupils. In the such bodies as theologically dif- of myself? What sacrifices are you United States in 1933 there were fer in some points. The Council 14,829 schools, with a total enhas its head office in Geneva. making for the fulfilment of Christ's rolment of 1,290,460. It was un- der the administration of Mr. Re-thinking Loyalty promise that the time will come when Boville that this movement was started by the New York City The Presbytery of Pittsburgh throughout the whole world "every Mission Society and it has grown has sent out a call "to the task to world-wide proportions. of re-thinking loyalty to Christ knee should bow and every tongue and His Church." Some of its -Watchman-Examiner. pargraphs are the following: should confess that Jesus Christ is NORTH AMERICA It is impossible to escape the im- Lord, to the glory of God the Father. plication that if we are disciples of "Everyman's Offering" Christ we must follow where He leads. "Protocols of Zion" a Fake He goes before us and it is ours to U n de r the leadership of follow. It is not a debatable question The "Protocols of the Elders Charles P. Taft II of Cincinnati whether we shall go where He leads. of Zion," an anti-Semitic book an emergency gift was gathered published in Russia in 1905, by by a committee of Episcopal lay- In recent times the followers of Sergei Nilus, is a fantastic story men, and called "Everyman's Christ seem to have lost the sense of of an alleged Jewish conspiracy Offering." The object was to direction. The chill of the outside to overthrow Christianity and to avert the threatened heavy cut world has come into the church and dominatEY the world. These docu- in missionary appropriations of we have passed the torch of mission- ments have been declared forg- the Protestant E pis c o· p a I ary enthusiasm to other hands. Chris- eries, copied from an old book, Church. Making its appeal to tians confess to the lack of the driving and the Union of Jewish Com- the men of the Church, in eight power of a great passion for the cause munities in Switzerland have months this offering amounted of the Christian faith which alone can brought suit for libel to end for- to $251,000. More than 1,200,- redeem and save our people. The ever the gruesome tale which 000 pieces of literature were lives of Christians are the real ob- has plagued Jews for sixty sent out and thousands of indistacle to the progress of the Gospel in years. viduals were personally solicited. our generation. The "Protocols" were re-pub- Christianity was driven from North lished in London in 1920 under Africa and from parts of Asia and the title "A Jewish Peril" and were discredited in 1921 by Her- man Bernstein. In a booklet called "the History of a Lie," he traces the documents to a novel published in Germany by Her- man Goedische, writing under the pen-name of Sir John Ret- cliffe. An excerpt from this book was published in 1872 un- der the title, "The Jewish C-eme- tery in Prague and the Council of the Representatives of the Twelve Tribes of Israel," which recited the story of bearded J ew- ish elders conspiring, in a ceme- tery, to overthrow Christendom and to set up a Jewish universal [84 ]

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Among the startling f act s only institution of its kind in the LATIN AMERICA brought up by this dragnet was northeastern section of the Unitthat three-fourths of the church ed States. The ex-slave is Dr. Reactions in Mexico membership were making no Walter H. Brooks, pastor of the regular contribution to missions. Nineteenth S t r e e t Baptist Rev. Clarence Neff, of Guad- Church of Washington, D. C. alajara, Mexico, declares that Some observers believe that He entered Lincoln University only a movie camera can portray this movement may take perma- in 1866 when only a few years conditions in that country, so nent form in organized local out of bondage. He is now 83 rap i d I y does the situation groups of mission-minded men. years old, and has been a pastor change. "Far from being a time in Washington for over 50 years. to give up and retire from the -The Christian Advocate. field," says Mr. Neff, "this would A letter from Dr. Brooks to seem to be one of those crises Churches Sold for Debt the president offhe University which challenge the reality and recalled a gift of $500 he had resources of our Christian reli- Dr. F. W. Mueller, superin- received from the Presbyterian gion." tendent of church extension for Board of Education in Pittsthe Methodist Board, reported burgh when he was a student. The Congregational Church at at the annual meeting, Novem- Dr. Brooks wrote further: Hermosillo was taken over by ber 20, that thirty Methodist the Government as a social cenchurches had been sold by the I can never return the favor in ter. Instead of crushing their sheriff during the depression, mere dollars and cents. But today, spirit this seems to spur the and that about 400 others were for the first time in my life, I am able workers on to new endeavor. At in a critical condition. About to draw a check for $1,000 and have Matzatlan, where the clergy are 5,000 of the 20,000 churches of a hundred or two left to my account, put on a quota, a progressive the denomination had debt prob- only a hundred or two, however. program of social action serving lems, he said, and the interest on the community has been pushed. church property debts "exceeds "Peyote Christians" For services the churches join the amount given by the entire together with the Baptists whose church for world service." In Rev. F. C. Patterson, writing pastor has a permit to officiate. each case, Dr. Mueller said, a in the Woman's Missionary Mag- The English Forum and the Inmodest loan would save the day. azine of the deep spiritual need ternational Club are growing of our American Indians, tells concerns. Professional and busi- Anti-Alcohol Education why it is difficult to win "Peyote ness men, both Catholic and Christians." Most of this group Protestant, discuss questions of The 60th anniversary conven- were nominal Christians before general interest in a new Spantion of the W. C. T. U. held in joining the cult; in fact, they ish-speaking group. Cleveland, Ohio, November 10- claim it is a Christi,an church, 15, climaxed in the launching of organized in Oklahoma as "Na- Instituto Colon, a Congregaa five-point, five-year, $500,000 tive American Church." Their tional school, has been unable to program, to culminate in 1939, distinctive characteristic is the meet expenses and has closed the centenary of the birth of use of the narcotic-drug, "pey- but the Colegio Internacional is Frances Willard, and at once to ote" as the Bread in the Holy still functioning. embrace a nation-wide plan of Communion. They hold their education for youth and adults, meetings only when they have a -American Board News. along with unwavering cham- supply of this drug. It keeps pionship of legislation looking them awake for 24 hours, so they Work with Mexican Troops toward the goal of national ab- usually start their meetings on olition of the liquor traffic. Saturday evening and the effect N. W. Taylor is evangelizing of the drug continues through Mexican soldiers who occupy Mrs. Ida B. Wise Smith was the Sabbath. This drug enlarges roadside camps; and has met a reelected national president. the retina of the eye and causes cordial response. Week after The next world's convention will them to see wonde.rful color ef- week this work has gone on. be held in the United States, fects. They think of these color Four regiments have been visprobably in 1937. effects as visions of Christ and ited in their barracks and two claim the drug is the Holy Spirit hundred and seventy-five New Ex-Slave Gives $1,000 revealing the truth to them di- Testaments and 150 Bibles have rectly so that they do not need been sold to soldiers. Many of- With an initial gift of $1,000 to read the Bible. ficers, and between eight and from a former Negro slave, a nine hundred soldiers have taknation-wide movement has been The thing was started by a en a stand for Christ before launched to raise $400,000 for government agent in order to their comrades. the expansion and improvement profit from the sale of the drug. of Lincoln University near Ox- The government is now handi- In one meeting a major gathford, Pa. This is a pioneer liber- capped in legislating against it ered 45 soldiers, their wives and al arts college and theological because the Indians cry "reli- children who drank in every seminary for Negro young men, gious persecution," and all argu- word, and showed much interest founded 80 years ago, and the ment is useless. in the chart explanation of the Gospel. The major, looking up

the references, would occasional- cate Rev. Irven Paul of Chile to London October 2, Prof. Duncan ly say to the company with a such a continent-wide service W. Blair declared that there is nod, "Yes, here it is, just as he u n d e r the auspices of the no more strategic field of evansays." When the invitation was World's Sunday School Associa- gelistic effort than the universigiven one of the first to raise his tion, and it is confidently ex- ties of the world, because stuhand was this major. pected that the way will be clear dents are required to assimilate for the inauguration of this new a constantly growing mass of in'- At Managua, Nicaragua service early this year. formation. Representatives from several universities reported up- In twelve years the Baptist The first national Sunday on the witness borne by the Church at Managua, has in- School Convention ever held in Christian Unions in the univercreased from less than 100 to Colombia is reported a pro- sities. 500, and the Sunday school from nounced succeSf!. It was held in an average attendance of 75 to Bogata and the' attendance was One speaker told of a tour in more than 400. The church has representative. This new I y Hungary, in which he met an igtwo branch Sunday schools. Al- formed organization desires to norance of the Word of God though the members are all very b e com e affiliated with the which is almost incredible, and poor, $12,000 has been contrib- World's Sunday School Associa- of hunger for the Word. He inuted to the work. The church tion. stanced cases of students standis planning to enlarge the chapel ing firmly for Christ, although and has a fund of more than To Evangelize Argentine Jews lonely and suffering dire pover- $5,000 toward a church building. ty. The Hebrew Christian Alli- Miss Mary Mills, Baptist mis- ance of America plans to send The President of the Fellowsionary, writes that 533 boys Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Glass to ship, Dr. T. W. Gilbert, said that and girls are receiving a Chris- inaugurate work among the the movement is the most steadytian education. We have in our 150,000 Jews of Argentina if the ing influence he has known, and employ at Managua eighteen necessary funds are obtained. that its members are character- Nicaraguan teachers of whom There is a great field in Buenos ized by a devotion to the Lord, eight are Christian and four oth- Aires alone, a city of over 2,000,- and strong conservative views, ers are very sympathetic toward 000 people with 90,000 Jews for which result in clear testimony the Gospel. Last spring Don Is- whom little Christian work has and simple faith. Some of the mael Garcia, pastor at Santa ever been, done. ablest men of the day were Ana, who is counted one of the among their ranks. best evangelists in Latin Ameri- -Christian Approach to Jews. ca, conducted services in our -The Christian. church. Nearly every night the Baptistqrowth in Brazil building was crowded, and Fifteen Years in Belgium eighty-five accepted Christ. They Dr. arid Mrs. W. Bagby, are now in the candidates class. Southern Baptist missionaries A review of the work of the A Mr. Hamilton, Moravian mis- in Brazil, have seen the Baptist Belgian Gospel Mission has an sionary, is pastor of a church on Church in that country grow especial interest since the Homethe east coast of Nicaragua from 2 to 50,000 in fifty years. going of its founder, Ralph C. which has a membership of more There are Baptist churches in Norton. Mr. Vansteenberghe, than 800. every state of Brazil; in all, 490 who has been with the mission churches, 1,214 pre a chi n g since its beginning, surveys this -Watchman-Examiner. points, 42,000 members, 718 work for the Sunday School Sunday schools, 226 young peo- Times. Sunday Schools in South ple's unions, 400 women's soci- America eties, two seminaries, two train- In fifteen years the Belgian Gospel ing schools, two colleges, four Mission has grown into a work whose Since the World's Sunday academies, forty-eight primary branches reach from frontier to fron- School Convention in Rio de J a- schools, a publishing house, a tier. 'Through the tents or other neiro, much thought has been home mission boa:r:d with work means the battle line against the force given to the need for a general among the emigrants, Indians, of the enemy has been stretched out worker for religious education and in the far interior, a For- until today we have posts north, south, in the Spanish-speaking coun- eign Mission Board with work in east and west in this land. In all tries of South America. Brazil, Portugal. these places the Gospel is preached which speaks Portuguese, is well regularly, and all exercise their incared for under the leadership – Watchman-Examiner. fluence in a certain radius. Homes of Rodolfo Anders, Secretary of where meetings are now being held the Brazil Council of Religious EUROPE may become in the near future centers Education. Recently the Board of established work; in all, there are of Foreign Missions of the Pres- Inter-Varsity Fellowship 60 points where regular services, are byterian Church, U. S. A., an- on the way. nounced its willingness to allo- At the fourth annual meeting of the Inter-Varsity Fellowship The Mission did not escape the de- of Evangelical Unions, held in pression unscathed. At the beginning of summer no money was available for tent work, but the Lord made pro- vision, and since July 1 both tents have been out, and now at the end of July the French tent is at the end of its second series of meetings, while

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

the Flemish tent is in the middle of thirty-one me m be r s and a reading it, but he continued to its third campaign. We have been do so, in company with some of church membership of 3,000. his friends; the more they read, working in new territory as far as , At the 116th annual meeting the tents are concerned. of the Methodist Board of For- the more they were dissatisfied eign Missions, held at 150 Fifth The 'original church in Brus- with the Church as they found sels decided last year that it Avenue, New York City, Novem- it. Kwasniuk and his friends could be self-supporting, which ber 21,23 attended by nearly a sought out the American preach- hundred per cent of the 115 min- ers in Kolomea, and as a result means voluntary gifts amount- congregations came into being ing to at least $3,300 annually. isterial and lay managers, it was Church Life in Germany voted to unite with the Synod of in both villages. The movement the Methodist Church in Italy, spread with great rapidity, and From the International Chris- which is under the jurisdiction is still spreading. Groups of tian Press, Geneva, we find evi- of the British Methodist Church. evangelical Christians sprang up This merger, when consum- in village after village. In the dence that in Germany the mated, will give Italy a stronger beginnings of a new church life Methodism and strengthen the neighboring town of Stanislau the movement was organized on are to be perceived. The number evangelical forces. of people who have come back -The Christian Advocate. Lutheran lines; in the neighbor- hood of Kolomea it retained a to the Evangelical Church indi- strong Reformed character. One cates that the movement towards Czechoslovakia Church or two Greek Catholic priests the Church has by no means Independent and a number of theological stureached its limit. In Berlin dents identified themselves with alone, in 1933, some 63,815 I?eo- Czechoslovakia c h u r c h e s the movement. Lutheran and pIe j 0 i ned the EvangelIcal ceased last year to receive any Church as compared with 4,272 Reformed branches' have allotted in the preceding year. Similarly, financial aid from the American to each other specific spheres of Board, and thus a connection of labor, to prevent all clashing and the number of communicants sixty-two years was finally sev- competition; their relations are amounted to 259,737, out of a ered. Dr. James L. Barton most cordial. total of 301,975. That wide cir- writes that it was his privilege In Poland the law requires cles of people are ready to take to visit a large number of the that a change of religion can part in parish life is proved by churches in Austria in 1909 in only be made after certain legal a number of facts, among them, company with Dr. John Porter, preliminaries, w h i c h require the deliberate renunciation of whose cordial and sympathetic three months for their accomhome baptism in favor of con- relations with pastors and lead- plishment. The cost including gregational baptism w h i c h that of securing from the priest ers was evident everywhere. He seems to be taking place to an was manifestly honored and a birth-certificate, amounts to increasing extent. Another cus- loved by all who knew him; he tom which had largely gone out had the happy faculty of giving about five American dollars, about one month's wages for a of use, according to which a be- able and constructive assistance peasant. Children between the to the evangelical movement trothed couple is present at the without seeming to dominate. ages of six and fourteen may not service at which their banns are change their faith, even though published, is be i n g resumed Dr. Porter celebrated his sev- their parents do so, but must entieth birthday last May. Leadmore and more. With the pres- continue to receive in the schools ers throughout the entire field religious education from the ence of the betrothed couple in joined in urging him, when his the midst of the interceding con- Church to which they have pregregation, the publication of active service came to an end, to viously belonged. In spite of banns has regained its earlier remain with them as long as he these facts some 4,000 persons lives. -Missionary Herald. have officially made the transfer church significance. In order to bring the pastor into closer con- to the Reformed Church, and about the same number to the tact with his congregation, an Revival in Poland Lutherans. -Rev. W. T. Elmslie, Leeds, order has been enacted in Thiir- Reference has been made to ingen relating to pastoral visits. the revival among Ukrainian Eng. peasants of southern Pol~nd. It has become the duty of the Nine years ago some AmerIcan Soviet Children Ukrainian Protestant preachers pastor to make at least ten house held services in Kolomea. The Differences in the mental outvisits during the week, and to enter them in a special book.

Italian Methodists Reorganize news came to a village some ten look of children in France and miles away where was a peasant, of those reared under a commu- Methodist work in Italy, after Roman Kwasniuk, during the nist regime were shown in the sixty-two years, is to be reor- war a prisoner in Siberia. There answers to questionnaires ad- ganized in view of the cha!l~ed he had learned to read the Bible, dressed to both French and Sovpolitical situation and the rIsmg which he brought back with him iet children from 11 to 15 years tides of Italian nationalism. to his native village. He was of age and from families of Italy Annual Conference has discouraged by the priest from widely varying circumstances.

A question on what was their U n i a t Christians. Between From Spanish Guinea ideal in life brought from Cairo and the Mediterranean, French children such answers among 6,000,000 people, there Rev. Joseph McNeill, an as: "To be rich"; "To have a are only about 2,000 Christians. American Presbyterian missionbicycle"; "To travel"; "to be an Many social and educational readmiral"; "To read books with forms are being promoted in ary, writes from Rio Benito, of happy endings." Soviet young- Egypt, but there are powerful missionary triumphs and dissters gave such answers as: "To elements which view with appre- couragements. During a comoverthrow capitalism and build hension any weakening of the socialism" ; "To be like Voro- traditional Moslem position and munion season he summoned the shiloff [Defense Minister]" ; prestige. -Moslem World. twelve catechists and said: "I "To study to be outstanding in am going to write to friends in sport." Egyptian Women in Public . America who have helped us The question, "What do you Life with gifts. Tell me what was know about God?" brought from French children views ranging Many women of Egypt stepped done with some of them." from pantheism to the opinion from their homes into public life He was a bearded old man who during the first years following One reported: "At Christmas had perhaps died. Soviet chil- the World War, according to dren unfaltering declared that Madame Khayat, of Cairo, who we gave a feast and fed 70 peo- God was an invention of priests. is in touch with many young ple. Some marveled when we women through her program of Both Soviet and French chil- social work in Cairo. She points gave preference to widows and dren exhibited a low opinion of out that with only fifteen years orphans. We told of the wonthe League of Nations, some of emancipation Egyptian wom- French boys considering it a so- en have reached the front ranks derfullove of Christ that softens ciety of old gentlemen trying to of public and professional en- us toward the needy." prevent war, and Soviet lads re- deavor without having the long garding it as a weak organiza- years of work in schools, fac- "And I," said another, "I tion that "merely talks while we tories and business, which wombuild socialism." Asked what en of the western world experi- found a poor, sick woman with they would do if head of the enced before they were able to no one to care for her and gave Soviet State, Russian children's break into higher fields. answers were such as: "Develop her a cloth. She said, '0 my the waste parts of the Soviet -Yo W. C. A. News. friend, that chicken you used to Union and improve living condi- see running around my yard tions"; "Build new houses and Ethiopia's Forward Look finish the subway"; "Destroy died; I have nothing to give you class distinctions." The Psalmist's pro ph e c y, "Ethiopia shall soon stretch out in return for this.' " -New York Times. her hands unto God," now printed on Abyssinia's corona- "There is a poor albino woman AFRICA tion postage stamps, seems in process of fulfilment. Fifteen in my town," said another. "She Egypt's Recent Progress missionaries have been commis- wanted to come to communion sioned by the Bible Churchmen's Egypt is not yet emancipated Missionary Society, some of service and had nothing to wear. religiously, and constant dis- whom have already settled in So I gave the dress to her, and putes arise on the question of Abyssinia. Schools are opening, what do you think? She came, liberty of conscience and teach- printing presses are at work, ing. There are over 400 mis- contact with the outside world is but had no money for the consionaries and nearly 30 societies established, the circulation of tribution, so offered to give the in the country. Forty per cent Scripture in the modern lanof the missionary force is in guage of Ethiopia is going for- dress for the Lord's work. The Cairo, but there are some 300 ward. Ras Kassa, trusted coun- pastor felt she needed that dress centers of work. Much evangel- cilor of the Emperor, has asked and now she is trying to find ism has been carried on among the Society to supply physicians the Copts since 1859, and a very and teachers for a center which something from her garden to large part of the Protestant is being built seventy miles north meet her pledge." Church is built up from among of the capital; and the Governor them~ In 1927 out of the popu- of Chercher has opened the way Mr. McNeill tersely sums up lation of 13,000,000 there were for work among the Islamized the advances of the year: nearly a million Coptic Chris- Abyssinians east of the capital. tians, 66,000 Protestants and A Year Ago Today 117,000 Roman Catholics and -So S. Times. Slow transportation ……. .A Ford truck. No church in the interior •.Mengo Church or· ganized. No trained native workers ..One native pastor, four t r a i ned Catechists. No village schools ……….One station school and twelve vii· lage schools. Lethargy of Beach Churches .Five outposts sup- ported. Okak barriers ………….Fifteen Okak con· verts.

Clouds Still Looming Heavy Catholic opposition ………Greatly increased. Scant white personnel ……Doctor and teacher still lacking.

In Madagascar Members and adherents' of the church founded by the L. M. S. in Madagascar number 250,- 000, the next largest total being that in India where the figure is 188,000. There are 747 Sunday schools on the island, with 38,-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

000 children attending them. The scorpion's nest in Izmir, the the work of the churches has Training in Sunday s c h 001 American college, is closed. The build- been put on the project basis, methods is included in the the- ing in which the priests' black spirit each enterprise being obliged to ological seminary at Tananarive, had permeated is now overcome by the commend itself to the judgment the capital. red color of the Turkish culture. The of a mixed group of appraisers year before last the American college before funds are allocated. In the Betsileo Pro v inc e, at Sivas had been closed. Can a scorwhere there has been a center pion's nest exist in the place where the Kennedy Memorial Hospital of the L. M. S. for over 60 years, Ghazi had opened his congress for the in Tripoli for the first time last there are six central stations, liberation of Turkey? Is it certain year received an income equal to 259 outstations, and about 45,- that during the coming school year expenditures. T his released 000 people ass 0 cia ted with many of the foreign schools in Istan- most of its appropriation for the churches as members or adher- bul and the Tarsus college will be development of pioneer medical ents. Here, also, is a small the- closed? Those parents who send their work in another section. It is ological school. The vernacular children to such schools will suffer for hoped that this condition may press of the island is almost en- their crime. Izmir is silenced. Tarsus continue. tirely Christian. closes its accounts at the new year. In its report sent to America, the col- Another advance is the in- -The Chronicle.· lege states that unless help is sent, it creasing opportunity for young cannot continue for more than four Christians to express their new WESTERN ASIA months. Istanbul colleges do their life in voluntary service to their best in the way of propaganda, to own people. This is furthered Turkey Bans Clerical Garb catch in their net the ignorant, to get by the changed status of women. money. But it is all vain. Sooner or Girls from the Junior College Mustafa Kemal's government later they'll have to lock their doors, have for three successive sumin Turkey has been conducting a and put a signboard on the buildings mers gone into villages where determined campaign to break that they are for rent. . . . the people are living in unbethe power of the Mohammedan lievable ignorance, poverty and priesthood. Its resistance has See how happy the Turkish child is disease; have camped near the led to a series of repressive at Izmir. See! the winds blow over village and entered into its life; measures, one being a decree the place where the school used to be. have gathered the children, forbidding ministers to appear Come, 0 Turkish youth! Make your teaching them cleanliness, hyin public in cleric attire. Civil- vow that all foreign schools in Istan- giene and religion. ian clothes must be worn on all bul shall sell their goods at auction occasians except when actually and all the "doctors," "madams," -Women and Missions. attending religious ceremonies. "messieurs" and the "soeurs" shall The decision applies alike to the take their passports and go to the land Forward Looking Persia Moslem, Orthodox, Armenian, of Hottentots. Catholic, Protestant and Jewish September 25, 1934, the Shah clergy. Church of the Martyrs of Persia issued a decree sup- pressing the wearing of veils by Two Mosques Become Cultural This church in Aleppo cele- Persian women. The action is Centers brated its third anniversary Sep- similar to that taken by Mus- tember 23. It has been self- tapha Kemal in dec r e e in g A decline in Mohammedan supporting from its start. The greater freedom for Turkish worship in Turkey is indicated congregation meets in the outer women. This will mean little to by the transformation of the an- court of a home which contains the young school girls who have cient mosque, Aya Sophia in no room large enough for it. In never worn a veil. One of the Ista~bul, into a museum for summer, it shifts from one side leaders of what might be called Byzantine art. The Sultan Ah- to the other to keep in the shade, the feminist movement in Persia met mosque, situated in the same and in winter lowers a curtain has frequently said : "We are square, will be transformed into to keep out the cold. working for the lifting of the a public library. The first was, veil of ignorance and superstifor more than 900 years, the The church committee is a tion. The removal of the chudgreatest Christian Church on typical group of Armenians who dar is of no great importance." earth, and for 480 years the have made good, though heavily greatest Mohammedan mosque handicapped as strangers in a Other laws have been enacted on earth. The latter mosque was strange land. In the group is a within the past two years giving considered the most beautiful pedlar, a hardware merchant, an women more protection and one in the world. editor, a doctor, a pharmacist greater freedom. The age of and one woman member. marriage has been raised; di- -United Presbyterian. vorce laws now give women -Missionary Herald. equal rights with men; before Turkish Irony marrying an additional wife, the Growth of Syria Missions husband must inform all the The Turkish periodical, Bir- women concerned. Women have lik, thus expresses satisfaction Among significant develop- entered business and governover the closing of an American ments in Syria two stand out; ment positions. In addition the Christian College: one is the accomplishment of self-support on the part of two Presbyterian medical institu- tions, the Hamlin Memorial San- atorium and the Kennedy Me- morial Hospital; and the long stride toward self-support on the part of the Syrian Church. All

"Red Lion and Sun" (Red friends and neighbors waiting heard of occurrence, as caste Cross), there are a number of for his death that they might conversions have been rare inother societies, one for fallen take him to the cemetery. When deed. Short courses of study women; others educational, in- he rallied somewhat, and they have been offered these converts, cluding two schools for adult left, she sent word that as her and their response shows the women and a reading room. friends would not permit a keen interest they have in learn- Christian funeral after his death, ing the real meaning of their de- -Women and Missions. would it not be possible to have cision. the funeral before he died. The Persian Medical Advances request was so earnestly desired Conversion of 8,078 people in that it was impossible to refuse. one week was the result of Evan- Leaders in Persia are "sold" Following the prayer meeting a gelistic Week in May, when on modern therapy, and are group of Christians crowded 2,693 villages were visited by planning many things; among into the little room where he lay Christian evangelists, 3,674 servthem, the construction of many dying and the sentences and ices were held, and 12,000 peonew hospitals. None of these Scripture portions recommended ple took part in witnessing to approaches in magnitude or for use at funerals were read. Christ. magnificence the group of new It was surprising how fitting buildings now completed at and helpful these verses were to Christians in the d i 0 c e s e Meshed. A tho usa n d men the situation, and while the com- raised 12,000 rupees toward seworked daily, rushing this task mitment service was not read, curing an assistant bishop, and to completion in time for dedica- the remainder of it was com- toward a new cathedral. In the tion of the buildings by His Maj- pleted without the slightest sense Council there was no thought of esty Reza Shah Pahlavi at his of impropriety. curtailing the work, or even a visit in the autumn. With its mention of it, although some 300 Iron beds, its own electric INDIA salary cuts were made. lighting plant, its steam heating system, this array of twelve or A Grievance Removed -The Living Church. fourteen beautiful buildings stands in sharpest contrast to A long-standing grievance of Wanless Tuberculosis the old buildings of this same Christian converts has been that Sanitorium hospital twenty years ago-then in the public courts and records dark and ill-kept, without any villagers of the backward classes The Wanless Tuberculosis modern features whatever. who had been converted to Sanitorium at Miraj, which has Christianity were still entered been functioning since 1931, was The Sacred Shrine possesses as bhangis and chamars. The formally opened October 24. great wealth, poured into its Indian Christian Association coffers by successive waves of brought the matter to the atten- "How was the Sanitorium pilgrims through hundreds of tion of Sir Malcolm Hailey, Gov- built in these days of depresyears. Its resources are now ernor of the United Provinces of sion?" is a question frequently being utilized by the present Agra and Oudh, with the result asked. Miraj Hospital bought progressive ruler of Persia for that all officials have been in- the land, 105 acres; friends the support of modern schools, structed to record those who from Bombay Presidency subthe work for lepers, this new have been converted to Chris- scribed liberally, and wealthy hospital plant, and other projects tianity as Christians. This ac- people have given large donafor the benefit and relief of the tion on the part of the Govern- tions. During 1933, Rs. 15,000 pilgrims, and the 2,000,000 peo- ment is greatly appreciated by were received from a Hindu ple of Khorasan. That pioneer Christians of the backward Bombay broker for a new x"ray; Christian hospitals have been a classes, and also by those who and Rs. 50,000 from a Jain major factor in stimulating this are working for and among Trust Fund for new buildings. medical advance throughout Per- them. -The Indian Witness. The former came as the result sia there can be no doubt. of a promise made to Dr. Wan- Three Years in Dornakal less in 1930; the latter through His Own Funeral the influence of a patient who Encouraging reports were re- was connected with the Trust A Christian convert in Persia, vealed at the Dornakal Diocesan Fund. During the past year whose faith had sustained him Council which met October 4. there has been added to the Sanithrough his long and hopeless Since the last meeting of the torium one new general ward, a illness, faced the end with per- Council three years ago, 35,494 guest house, a clinical building fect confidence. Some days be- new Christian converts have housing the new X-ray, an operfore his death, his wife, a Mos- been baptized in the diocese of ating room, clinical laboratory lem, came asking that they Dornakal. Last year nearly and examining rooms, a 15 H. P. might have a Christian funeral, 1,000 Sudras were converted engine and building to house the to which assent was gladly given. and baptized, hitherto an un- same, six new cottages contain- But when the end drew near she ing eight beds and an endowsaw the yard filling with Moslem ment of Rs. 10,000. The goal is 125 beds. -Dnyanodaya.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Javanese Converts at Delhi New Life in Siam "When we arrived in China pon Four Javanese young men, in- There has been a year of prog- ~ there was not a single mile of ress in Prae, Siam. The Presby- railroad operating anywhere in terested .in Scout work, were terian Church in that city has the land. Railroads are now members of a party which set launched out, with faith, on a measured by thousands of miles out on a world tour from Java plan of complete self-support. and include several trunk lines, to study education and political They have promised to support with others planned or under questions. They were Moham- their pastor and carryon all construction; well-built motor medans, but in Delhi they came their activities without any help roads are being opened almost in touch with Christ through from America. An ordained every month, bus service is be- servants of His in the Scout man from southern Siam, who is ing extended and airplane routes Movement, and in the missions. now resident in Prae, has given have been opened. Flour was After earnest study they pro- much time in volunteer service, ground by cow power and the fessed conversion, and were bap- and through special meetings product quite unprotected from tized in the Free Church at a and intensive evangelistic ef- dust raised by the animal's feet beautiful and memorable serv- fort under the power of the as it pursued its weary circuit. ice. They then decided to re- Holy Spirit, has been instru- Splendid flour mills with the turn to Java, to join with one of mental in bringing many to most up-to-date machinery are the missions there and become Christ. In all the churches, ex- now turning out daily hundreds grounded in the faith. cept the small group at Ban of sacks of good flour; and fac- Moon, a number of acceSSIOns tories of every sort produce the -London Missionary Herald. have been recorded each com- necessary supplies which until a munion Sunday. Quite a num- few years ago came from other Fresh Egg Association ber of old-time Christians who lands. had "said goo d – bye to the Among the experiments in Church," as the Siamese express "Forty years ago, outside misrural reconstruction, the Fresh it, have returned, renewed their sion schools, the only textbooks Egg Association is one spon- allegiance to Christ and asked to in use were over a thousand sored by the Baptist Mission at be restored. years old and there were no. re- Pyinmana. It has made a steady vised editions. Now there IS a growth. Each member has to Rev. Puang Akapin, evan- national educational s y s tern give eight annas to belong to the gelist at Pitsanuloke, has dedi- which provides schools for all Association and is given a num- cated his life 100 per cent to ages from early childhood to maber which he can place on the Christian service, without re- ture manhood, and they are open eggs to identify them. The mem- muneration from any organized to boys and girls on an equal bers are given the first oppor- body. His wife, a very capable footing. tunity to sell their eggs to the woman, has started a business mission, and are given the first in Prae which they hope will care "Undoubtedly there is a growchance to buy purebred cocks. for their family. Since he came ing sense of the need of a more The Association is now collecting he has inspired the group in the vital religious life than any of about 3,000 eggs a week and its city with the desire for a more the old cults ever produced, and activities are employing five fully consecrated life in Christ. the fact that many of the Agriculture School graduates. scholars of the land have pro- Last March two village poultry The hospital has pas sed vided themselves with copies of shows were conducted. through one of its best years the Word of God is cause for since the time when there was a great encouragement and thank- June 9, 1934, eleven Christian resident missionary physician. fulness."

men organized the Pyinmana In- The doctors from McCormick Once Buddhist-Now dustrial Cooperative Bank, Ltd., Hospital in Chiengmai have Evangelist with shares of Rs. 50 each to made regular monthly visits and finance poultry far min g in have generally found more work Each morning at Hengchow Yamethin and Toungoo districts, than they could do. Presbyterian Hospital, all em- and in Taungdwingyi subdi- -Siam Outlook. ployees who can spare the time, all patients able to walk and any VISIOn. Two Cooperative Poul- CH,INA friends who so desire attend try Societies were also organized ~ at Shwemyo and Lewe. Each chapel, by invitation, not commember puts in Rs. 5 a year un- Forty Years in Review pulsion. A Chinese evangelist, til he pays Rs. 25 for half a share in the Society. In case the So- On the eve of his retirement Mr. Dzu, who was a Buddhist ciety becomes liable for debts after forty years of service orator and strong anti-Christian which it cannot otherwise meet, under the Presbyterian Board the member may be called upon in China, Dr. J. E. Shoemaker speaker before his conversion, to pay the remaining Rs. 25. reviews some of the changes like the Apostle Paul, is now which have come under his ob- -Burma Baptist Bulletin. servation. just as ardent a worker for Christ. He is in charge of chapel services, leads once or twice a week and gets other

speakers at other times. Here orders to the village of Laomu- Building at Ginling College, there is not the difficulty in tell- teng that all Christian services, Nanking, were held in connecing, as in America, who is and even in the homes of the peo- tion with the Nineteenth Annual who is not a Christian, as non- ple, must be discontinued. The Founders' Day in November, Christians do not have the out- converts are, therefore, now 1934. This marked the compleward conformity to Christian meeting in the forest, or going tion of the academic quadrangle standards and Christian back- by a roundabout road to one of of Ginling College as planned ground. Mr. Dzu knows the psy- the other villages on Sundays. and financially provided for in chology of his people. Chris- Another village has been or- 1921-23. In a joint campaign tianity is never forced on pa- dered by the official to burn all for seven colleges in the Orient tients, but a few words are Christian books. Two chapels, a total of $3,000,000 was raised, spoken, a Scripture passage left besides the one at Laomuteng of which Ginling's share was with those who read and in a previously mentioned, have been $600,000. few days he makes it a point to completely destroyed. Several During the nineteen years of have a long talk with those who of the other chapels have been Ginling's history the student enshow interest. Not a few of the partially destroyed. rolment has grown from nine to patients leave the hospital Chris- Stressing Stewardship 213. In addition to the college tians, and much of the credit is students there are 74 senior due this former Buddhist. Rev. H. G. Hilscher, of the middle school students in the Shantung Presbyterian Mission, Practice School under the Edu- Overcoming Adversity cation Department of the insti- has made two extended bicycle tution. Dormitories are crowded The little Christian Church at trips over the Tengchow field to to capacity, and further provis- ion for housing must be made to Chi Yang had fallen on hard stress stewardship and self-sup- meet the normal growth of the port. He reports that the result student body. days. The membership slowly exceeded expectations. "Numer- -China Weekly Review. melted away. ous c h u r c h members have pledged their tithe. Our pastors, Friends Face Issue "Friends," said the volunteer who a few years ago all refused Friends at West China Union preacher, Mr. Wang, "either we to make such a pledge, are now University are confronted with tithing, as are many elders and a serious situation which arises do something or allow our from the requirement of the other leaders. One woman, Chinese Government that educachurch to be occupied by the formerly an evangelist who tional institutions in China shall teach military drill. Recently, military." So they started serv- hated to give, was revived last the government has been press- year and pledged her tithe, but ing this requirement, and the six ices again; then a school for this spring changed her pledge Friends who are members of the teaching staff have sent a signed girls; then Thousand Character to two-tenths. In one place letter of protest which stayed where we held meetings many proceedings for a time, but the Classes. The Commanding of- pledges in produce were made, ultimate result is still in the balance. iicer of the Army division turned e. g., a bushel of millet, or of wheat, eggs laid on Sunday, an The Presbyterian mission in out to be a Christian, with a de- Shantung also passed a strong entire apricot crop; and the resolution a g a ins t military sire to help. They outgrew old children insisted on having a training in Christian schools.

quarters and built a new church. share. The total amount pledged Some eminent Chinese leaders in the country field is about three have spoken frankly in regard to In late October, Rev. Rowland giving education precedence over times that of last year. military preparation. "We must M. Cross attended the dedication. Owing to finances two pastors believe," said Dr. Hu Hsih, "that the education of 50,000,000 chil- The campaign for funds was had their subsidies entirely dren will be 50,000 times more effective and important to the promoted by three loyal sons, withdrawn, but they decided to country than 5,000 airplanes!" continue on a faith basis. It two students in Yenching and meant hardship, but they testify -American Friend'. to greater joy in service, and .Jefferson, respectively, and one certainly they show greater zeal. a teacher in Tunghsien. The One who was lazy is now inces- santly preaching and looking iirst person to offer public con- after his church members; his gratulations was a non-Chris- wife is an inspiration by her tian, leading business man from constant singing, testimony and praying, and her radiance in the an adj oining town. Bowing low home. to the Cross on the altar and the picture of Christ above it, he then turned to the congregation and thanked them and the Kung- lihui for what itthheadcodmomn~eniatny.d was doing, for The pastor, a local farmer, serves without pay.

Christian Services Forbidden Persecution of Lisu converts Buildings for Ginling JAPAN -CHOSEN Dedication ceremonies for the General Assembly Meeting in the province of Yunnan continues. The latest report to China's Millions is that the local new Chapel-Music Building and The forty-eighth annual meetofficial has definitely iss u e d the Library – Administration ing of the Presbyterian Church

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

in Japan was held in Tokyo last Sunday school and worship serv- that ha<J been stripped from the ices are held. Each year in Jan- October. About 300 delegates uary the farm accommodates the wall of a Korean room, and that were in attendance, coming from 20 to 30 who come for two weeks consisted of leaves from one of all parts of Japan and from For- of Farmers' Gospel S c h 0 0 I. the first Korean Bibles that had mosa, Korea and Manchukuo. There is also a Rural Women's been sent in from Manchuria be- The meetings were characterized Gospel School where along with fore the first missionaries arthroughout by a spirit of prayer the Gospel, courses are offered rived. -Pyengyang News. and harmony, and a generous attitude toward others in the in food preparation, care of chil- ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC problems that were discussed. dren, housing conditions, hy- Among the questions voted upon gienic c lot hi n g, budgeting, Transformed Islanders were: The appointment of a simple marketing, etc. In 1875, Dr. George Brown Japanese as principal of the -Kagawa Fellowship landed on the beach at Molot, in Tainan College in Formosa, con- Bulletin. the Duke of York group, New ducted by the English Presby- Britain District, and found a terians, in response to an ear- New Church For Koreans people wholly savage, of disgustnest request from that mission. ing habits and of evil temper.

A special committee was ap- There are now 500,000 Ko- All the horrors of heathenism pointed for conference on union reans in Japan, scattered from were around him, and human of all denominations, with no one end of the land to the other. life was not safe. Fifty years sacrifice of principles or faith. Through the cooperation of later a missionary stepped on the Methodist and Presbyterian same beach, to be welcomed by It was urged that the Church's churches in Korea, and about over two thousand people singthree seminaries establish closer ing Christian hymns. They were relations by means of annual ten missions of various denomiconferences. nations in Japan, 48 churches clean, self-respecting, and, as was subsequently see n, of It was voted that more em- have been established for these changed character. Fiji was phasis should be placed on the Koreans, with about 4,000 Chrisspiritual and less on the scholas- once a by-word for bestiality and tic qualifications of candidates; tians, 1,000 of this number being indescribable cruelty, and all the this in view of the fact that sev- baptized church members. horrors of widow – strangling, eral men of outstanding ability had failed in one or more exam- This church as now written cannibalism and infanticide inations last year. its own constitution and creed were commonplace. Today there and set up an organization with is a whole nation transformed, -Christian Observer. and eagerly preparing to cele- something like sessions, Presby- brate the Centenary of Chris- teries or conferences, and a su- preme council. Practically all the cooperating bodies have cor- tianity in those once dark One-Acre Evangelism dially approved the new organ- islands. There is now a Church One of Mr. Kagawa's ventures ization. Six or seven congrega- that has sent its sons and daugh- tions have their buildings paid ters to New Britain, Papua, Solis to establish in various parts of for, and are contributing toward omon Islands and North Aus- Japan, as experiment stations in their workers' support. tralia to preach the Good News keeping with small scale farm- that so marvelously redeemed -Pyengyang News. their own lives. ing and living standards a series of model one-acre farms, tilled Moffett Memorial -The Open Door.

and lived on by Christian farm For some time Korean friends A Discovery in New Guinea experts. The first of these was started a few miles from Tokyo, and on it as tenant and man- of Dr. Samuel Moffett have An Australian anthropologist, ager went a young Christian wished to erect some memorial E. W. P. Chinnery, has reported graduate of the Imperial Agri- as an appreciation of his many his discovery of an area of 5,000 culture School in Tokyo and an years of service. Their first square miles in the interior of instructor therein, with his wife thought was a bronze statue, but New Guinea, inhabited by at and baby. During their three they have deferred to Dr. Mof- least 200,000 savage people who years' residence the acre has fett's wishes in the matter, with have never had any contact been transformed from the usual the result that a very neat and whatever with the outside world.

cluster of one-group rice paddies substantial two-story b ric k On venturing an investigation, into a veritable horticultural building stands at the intersec- the natives were found to be garden, with various sorts of tion of the two streets which quite friendly, much better phys- animal husbandry. Not only skirt the Eastern part of the ical specimens than many of this but the farm is a center of missionary compound. Although their fellow New Guineans. This community life and culture, as not quite finished it was used newly discovered group is with- one may judge from the well- during the meeting of General in British mandated territory.

thumbed library in the home. Assembly to house a remarkable Here is a good opportunity for Every Sunday the little house is Jubilee Exhibit. An interesting pioneer missionary work.

converted into a church where feature a section of wall-paper -Moody Institute Monthly.

Missionary

Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information I ~,==~~========~========~==~=~, Christianity Tested, Its Significance strange, heavy," and "its doc- Dr. Buck writes out of his own for Modern Missions. By Oscar Macmillan Buck. 257 pages. $2.00. trines are foreign and bewilder- experience as a former mission- The Abingdon Press, New York. ing." (p. 104.) Then, "What ary in India, and his studies as 1934. is it," he asks, "that we have to Professor of Missions and Com- Dr. Oscar M. Buck, Professor give that is unique?" (p. 128.) parative Religion at Drew Theoof Missions in Drew University, He declares that "it is not logical Seminary since 1920. In has undertaken a difficult task- enough to say that the Christian 1925-26, he spent a year in Asia, to show how Christianity looks uniqueness is Christ," as was during eight months of which he to Asiatic non-Christians. He affirmed at the Lausanne and J e- was engaged in evangelistic frankly says that it would be rusalem Conferences. (pp. 129- work among educated non-Chris- "far easier to discover the 130.) Dr. Buck finds the answer tians. In 1930-31 he was again uniqueness of Christianity" to which satisfies him in "the in India as Secretary of the western Christians. But what Christian manner of living." (p. Lindsay Commission on Chrisdoes a non-Christian see? This 139). "What we have to giveis what this book sets out to and all that we have to give-is tian Higher Education. He is show. He guards himself at the the proof of what is unique in outset by saying: the life and religion of Jesus." an ardent advocate and an ear- (p. 230.) This attempt at a philosophy of mis- nest student of foreign missions, based upon what is unique and Is there a contrast here be- sions. Whether his present atdistinctive in Christianity among the tween the religion "of" Jesus and tempt is successful, as an Occiworld's religions and irreligions, has the religion "about" Jesus, the dental Christian to put himself to do only with the first approach to religion of which He is not only the non-Christian. It does not claim the perfect example but the ob- in the other fellow's place and to be a compendium for all that is dis- ject of its faith and worship. As tinctive in Christianity, but only a for "manner of living," it would see Christianity from the viewstatement of that central uniqueness be easy to name men who do not point of an Oriental non-Chriswhich would commend Christianity to believe in Christ at all-agnos- tian, an American is hardly in a the non-Christian without making tics, Jews, Hindus and Buddhists position to decide. Only an edu- Christianity to him at the start a sys- -whose "manner of living" is as cated Asiatic is competent to tem so exotic, so complicated, and so irreproachable as that of Chris- appraise the validity of the auaggressive as to arouse in him the tians. thor's argument. One would will to disbelieve if not the will to like to have the reactions of such counter. (p. 10.) Dr. Buck seems to magnify the men as Chang Po-lin of China, intellectual obstacles to the Kagawa of Japan, Bishop Dorne- He concludes that the mission- spread of Christianity in Asia. kal of India and Boon Boon Itt ary enterprise makes a mistake Such obstacles undoubtedly ex- of Siam. They have not found in emphasizing at the outset the ist, but are they the most for- the central Christian doctrines divine sonship of Christ, His "incomprehensible," nor did that atonement and redemption, great theologian, the late Dr.

which, precious as they are to us midable ones? Whatever they Uemura of Tokyo, who taught who "are heirs of Plato and are, we concur in the declaration these doctrines to hundreds of Plotinus, with Greek id~alism of the Lausanne and Jerusalem his students and preached them based on a metaphysical dualism Conferences that "our message to tens of thousands of Japanese. the framework of our thinking." is Jesus Christ" as He is pre- But Dr. Buck has written a (p. 95.) His ideas are unintelli- sented in the New Testament. remarkably thought – provoking gible to Asiatics who have no This is the message that has won book and one that contains a such background. "The Chris- all the victories that Christianity large amount of valuable matetian missionary enterprise," says has won thus far. The Asiatie rial. Missionaries and secreta- Dr. Buck, "has never taken suffi- delegates to those conferences ries and members of boards ciently to heart this incompre- voted for the statement and its should carefully read it. The hensibility for the Asian of its power has been attested by hun- lack of an index is a defect which doctrines and methods." (p.90.) dreds of thousands of Oriental should be remedied in any fur- The Church, too, he deems "a Christians who have understood ther printing. barrier" as "its organization is it and joyfully accepted it. ARTHUR J. BROWN.

Any of the books noted In these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[94 ] History of the Korea Mission, Pres- cret of the work that has been China, shows 122 missions under byterian Church in the U. S. A. By carried on with great power various orders of that Church. Harry A. Rhodes, Editor. 682 pp. even through much weakness. Protestant statistics are more 8 vo. $2.00. Published by the Mis- "Certain spiritual factors have difficult to obtain because of the sion. Sold in America by Fleming predominated, viz., prayer, con- many agencies at work. There H. Revell Company, New York. fession, Bible study, worship, are two Australian Societies, 17 1934. witnessing, observance of the British, 66 American, 21 Conti- Lord's Day, revival, giving, tem- nental, with 21 agencies and so- This volume should every- perance and righteous living." cieties that are quite distinctivewhere commend the deep inter- Readers of this history will join ly Chinese, in addition to the est of students of missions. It the missionaries and their Ko- China Inland Mission rated as is the kind of work that needs to rean friends in the earnest hope international and seven educabe done in all fields, putting the that these factors will continue tional agencies not listed among records of the years into perma- in full power in trying days that the others. There are 6,121 nent form. The Presbyterian are sure to come. Protestant missionaries, 481,162 Mission in Chosen has been no- registered Protestant communitable both in methods and in CLELAND B. McAFEE. cants in a partial and incomplete results, leading to the establish- report, with 214,566 others rement of a Church which takes The China Year Book, 1934. Edited ported under instruction. Note itself with great seriousness. by H. G. W. Woodhead. 8 vo. 854 is made of medical, educational, Probably no mission in the world pp. $12.50. Published in China. relief and other forms of work. has tried to put into operation Agents for U. S. A.: University of more thoroughly what is known Chicago Press, Chicago. 1934. Other sections of the volume as the "Nevius Plan" of self-sup- give accurate facts as to the govport and self-government among This sixteenth edition of the ernment and its constitution, so new believers. Dr. Rhodes here China Year Book is even more difficult to obtain elsewhere, railtells the story of the half-cen- elaborate than its predecessors. road, postal and other statistics tury, having had full access to Manchukuo is dealt with in a and programs, and an excellent all records in Chosen itself and special chapter, since the Chi- and informative "Who's Who." in the Mission Board files in nese Government does not exer- It is an invaluable guide to the America during a recent fur- cise at present any authority facts about China. lough. The result is a sumptu- there. A special Year Book covous volume, sold at a surprising- ering Manchukuo is issued in CLELAND B. McAFEE. ly low price to make it available Tokyo. The chapters on Roman to all. In addition to 682 pages and Protestant Missions in China's Problems and Their Solution. of text there are eighty-three China have been brought down By Wang Ching-Wei. 199 pp. $4.50. pages of illustrations from pho- to date by resident writers; China United Press. Shanghai. tographs; most pages contain- there is a new chapter on "The ing two or more pictures. It is Press" and a full account of the This is an authoritative interan unusual and valuable piece of Kuomintang. Data are here pretation of present-day China, work, describing fifty years of available on virtually every as- its revolution, problems and polremarkable achievement. pect of Chinese life and history icies. It is written by one who so that the book should be in might have used the historic After giving the background every public and school library phrase: "All of which I saw and of Korean history, religion and and in the hands of all careful part of which I was"; for the customs, Dr. Rhodes takes up the students of Chinese affairs. author was a collaborator and main theme-the work of grace confidential friend of Sun Yatthrough the mission and the re- The religion of the Chinese is sen, the father of the Chinese sulting Church. The record of discussed in an extended chap- Republic, and since the latter's great revivals and new begin- ter. There are between fifteen death he has been an influential nings is given with balance and and twenty million Moslems in factor in the Government and is careful analysis. The story of China. A few hundred Chinese now president of the Executive cooperative efforts, of diver- Jews are found in Honan, gath- Department of the Government, gence of views regarding some ered around the ruins of a syna- and Minister of Foreign Affairs. points as between field and home gogue built in 1183, rebuilt in He frankly says that "China is office, of movements toward edu- 1488, and now being reclaimed sick and suffering from a series cation of the believers, of the by an Anglican Mission. Most of complications which may' be organizing of the Church and its Chinese accept Confucianism, described as general debility, a many agencies of expansion, of Taoism and Buddhism, all three weak heart and a tumorous medical work, industrial service, at the same time. "The record- growth." (p. 13.) But he firmforeign missions, of the found- ed Roman Catholic population ly believes in the recuperative ing of stations-all this is told today is 2,624,166. Every cor- powers of his country and that, in a way to inspire the reader. ner of this immense Chinese field given reasonable time and free- Missionary-minded pastors and has been planted with a Cross. dom from outside interference, other speakers will rejoice to find New workers come in hundreds China can and will develop a the whole story rich in incidents. every year from Europe and sound and stable government. Effort is made to reveal the se- America." A large statistical He roundly denounces the folder of the Catholic Church in "swashbuckling war-lords" and

"predatory militarist" whose sympathetically told and is an girls are bad; they are more "cruel selfishness" is keeping the excellent supplement to the more sinned against than sinning. country in turmoil. (p. 17.) complete biographies by Mrs. Many have left home for good, He declares that China can no Arthur Parker, Drs. Streeter unselfish reasons, because their more tolerate communists "than and Appasamy and Dr. Heiler of parents could not support them. the existence of poisonous snakes Marburg; the book by Mr. An- But they are ruined or on the and wild beasts." (p. 171.) He drews is an especially well writ- road to ruin for they live by earnestly advocates a policy of ten and satisfying interpretation their wits and brute strengthunification, and he wisely and of the man. tramping, stealing, begging, lyplainly says: "there is only one As is generally known by ing, in promiscuous sex relations course open to us-to put our readers of THE REVIEW, Sundar that sap physical and moral vihouse in order so as to consoli- Singh was a well-born Sikh, and tality. Their only education is date our national strength and had a devout mother and an hon- that which they pick up as chickvitality and thus strengthen the ored father. He went to a Chris- ens pick up grains from the dirt. foundations of peace in the Far tian mission school but lead in Prof. Minehan has interviewed East and in the world beyond it. student opposition to Bible study 1,377 boys and 88 girls of the There is no alternative." (p. 5.) and Christian influence. He was, American "jungle." Most of This is Chinese statesmanship however, a seeker after God and them are American born and so at its best. There is hope for a when about sixteen years of age are their parents. They came nation that has such leaders as had a remarkable vision which from over 22 states. Their ages Wang Ching-Wei and Chiang led to his acceptance of the living ranged from 12 to 21, the aver- Kai-shek. The volume has a Christ. Persecution and ostra- age being about 17 years. Most wealth of information and is cism from his home followed. claimed to be Protestants and 88 handsomely printed and bound, He forsook all, was baptized and had attended Sunday Schools. but the price is rather high for a began to study with missionaries Many had been on the road from book of hardly 200 pages. at Ludhianna and later at La- one to two years. Few had ARTHUR J. BROWN. hore. Finally he decided to be- reached high school. A glossary come a Christian Sadhu-a trav- Sadhu Sundar Singh. By C. F. An- eling witness to Christ and a is needed to interpret some of' servant of all in the name of his their language on the road. drews. 8 vo. 204 pp. $2.00. Harp- ers. New York. 1934. The book is interesting but sad Many· who were acquainted Master. Many and remarkable reading and describes where with Sundar Singh were strong- were his visions and experiences these boys and girls come from; ly impressed with his likeness to -it being difficult at times to where they go, and how; where Christ. This likeness included distinguish between the two. His they sleep and eat; their renot only his Eastern dress and great ambition was to carry the ligious life and standards; their general Oriental appearance but Gospel into Tibet, the closed conversations and sex life. What his quiet self-control, his peace- land, and several times he jour- can be done about it? Unfortuful demeanor, his strength of neyed thither. On his last jour- nately they don't like missions. character, his sacrificial service ney, in 1929, at the age of 34, These boys and girls will not be to any and all who needed his he disappeared and his death is taken in C.C.C. camps and are help, his constant witness to God generally accepted but he has not on relief lists. They need to and the love which drew children left an abiding heritage to the be rescued and put into homes and others to his side. C. F. Christian Church. for their own sake and for the Andrews knew Sundar Singh in- This biographical sketch and sake of humanity before they go timately and is a kindred spirit. interpretation is well worth on spreading moral and physi- In these personal memoirs Mr. reading. It reveals what may cal disease and death. They con- Andrews describes his own con- happen when Christ takes pos- stitute a social evil that will tacts and conversations with the session of an Indian soul. spread if it is not remedied.

Sadhu; he tells of his devotion Boy and Girl Tramps of America. By Navaholand and Zunitown. A Reto Christ and the deathless beau- Thomas Minehan. Illus. 8 vo. 267 port of Christian Reformed Misty and strength of his character. pp. $2.50. Farrar and Rinehart. sions. Htmry Beets. 25 cents.

"Sundar Singh," he writes, "by New York. 1934. Grand Rapids Printing Co. Michihig creative personality, set for- Depression-financial, domes- gan. 1934.

ward a true type for Indian tic and moral-is responsible for This is a story of work among Christians to follow." India many ills, one of the worst of the Indians of New Mexico and would be a new land and the which is its influence on boys Arizona-a work nearly forty Indian Church a nearly ideal and girls. This description of years old and showing much en- church if the devotion, the char- life among vagabond boys and couraging fruitage. There are acter, the spirit that dominated girls is by a young professor schools and hospitals, churches the Sadhu, prevailed in that land from the University of Minne- and Christian homes. These and church. sota who lived among them, dis- brief sketches reveal the power Here is a fascinating, stimu- guised, for three years. The of Christ to transform life so lating biography for anyone to story he tells is shocking, heart- that the good Indians are alive read. The story is simply and rending. Not all the boys and not dead.

New Chain-Reference Bible. But, however mixed their blood, religious leadership, and what a

Compiled and edited by Frank group of Baptists are doing at Charles Thompson. 12 maps. 8 Vo. the culture has become largely Clear Creek Mountain ~prmgs VarlOus styles and prices. B. B. English and most of the de- to help train the mountam Kirkbride Bible Co. Indianapolis. nommations represented were brought over by the ~nglish. preachers. 1934.

The Bible is still the "best Three outstanding characterIs- Dr. Dunn's chapter on "Misseller" in the world and has been tics of the pIOneers stiH prevail sionary and Phi I ant h r 0 pic for at least a century. There in great degree-individuallsm, Schools" is full of informatlOn are translations, editions, anno- emotional instability, and reH- essential to a thorough knowltations, notes and styles almost ance on natural ablllty unaided edge of this phase of the mounwithout number, and the added by special training. The book tain work. If one wishes a commaterial varies greatly in prac- gIves a hIstory of the rise of de- pendium of information about tical value. This Chain-Refer- nominatIOnal1sm and shows that, the religious and educatlOnal ence Bible has many unique and on account of the individuallsm conditions of the mountams, the useful features for Bible stu- of the people, the SImple democ- changes now taking place, and dents-particularly for begin- racy of the l:Saptist Churches be- the many problems facing the ners in deeper study and for came popular and has held the mountain workers, this bOOK will parents and teachers. It is based ascenaency. 'l'he uneducated be a great help. L. C. KELLY. on the King James Version, has preacher and his emotIOnal1sm a self-pronouncing text, good proauced persecution in Virgmia New Books print and I eat her binding. but resulted in granting freedom Among the special features are of worshIp to all. American Family. Faith Baldwin. the chain references by which a The chIef elements in the re- 388 pp. $2. Farrar & Rinehart. subject can be followed through ligious inheritance of the High- New York. the entire Bible. There are also The Christian Fact and Modern lanaers are a strong belief in the Doubt. Geo. A. Buttrick. 301 pp. an analysis of the different real1ty and importance of re- $2.50. Scribners. New York. books, an outline study of Bible liglOn, a fear of the l(.oman Cath- A Christian Manifesto. Edwin Lewis. characters, pictorial maps and 245 pp. $2.00. Abingdon Press. charts, a general index, a text 01lC vhurch, a distrust of all New York. forms or symbols (as being encylopedia, Bible readings, out- Christ and the Congo. Findings of line studies, Bible harmonies, a associated with the Catholic Conferences Held by Dr. John R. Church) , reverence for the Mott. 68 pp. 2s. 1. M. C. London. concordance and atlas. Bound words of the Bible, and a belief with it is Dr. Thompson's own in the supreme importance of Forward in Western China. E. S. system of Bible study with sug- personal salvation. Stewart. 75 pp. lB. C. M. S. Longestions as to the analytical study, the synthetic study, chap- Isolation, poverty, overpopu- don. ter, topical and verse studies. This is the result of thirty-one lation, bad health conditions, and God's Unspeakable Gift. H. A. Ironyears of careful, reverent labor. sides. 192 pp. 28. 6d. Pickering & It is adapted to all classes and the slow development of schools Inglis. Glasgow. will be found especially useful are discussed. Lack of social to missionaries, young pastors organizations, the inferior posi- His Book or Structure in Scripture. Norman B. Harrison. 111 pp. 75 and Sunday school teachers. tion of women, and pioneer eth- cents. B. 1. C. A. Chicago. ics are discriminatingly pointed Is He Not Able? Edith F. Norton. out. The report of a funeral ser- 147 pp. $1.00. Bible Institute Col- mon is included in a graphic portage Association, Chicago.

Religion in the Highlands. By Eliza- picture of the preaching of a Ploughed Under. Amy Carmichael. beth R. Hooker. With a section on primitive preacher. The anti- 28. 6d. Illus. 156 pp. S. P. C. K. Missionary and Philanthropic mission and sectarian spirit of London. Schools. By Fannie W. Dunn. 319 pp. $1.00. Home Missions Coun- certain sections are well defined. Race and Economics in South Africa. cil, New York, 1933. The Northeastern Cumberland W. G. Ballinger. 67 pp. 18. 6d.

We are here given an insight Plateau, which comprises much Sun Yat-Sen-His Life and Its Mean- of Eastern Kentucky and some ing. Lyon Sharman. $3.50. 418 to the mountain life and moun- pp. John Day Co. New York. tain problems educationally, and of West Virginia, is shown to be That Strange Man Upon the Cross. religiously. Miss Hooker's divi- the most destitute educationally Richard Roberts. 137 pp. $1.25. sion of the territory of the south- and religiously of all the moun- Abingdon Press. New York.

ern mountains into the North- tain sections. Because of this The Tiger Tamed. R. H. Boyd. 208 western Cumberland Plateau, destitution it has become the fo- pp. 28. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- the Northeastern Cumberland cal center of many people who don. Plateau, the Allegheny Plateau, seek to help the people religious- Unto the Skies. Lilian G. Carleton. the Blue Ridge, the Central ly, educationally, and otherwise. 210 pp. 38. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. Ridges, and the Central Valleys, The book gives a fine discussion London. shows a true insight to the great on church houses, missionary Ways of Praying. Muriel Lester. 32 agencies, denominational and in- pp. 35 cents. Cokesbury Press. differences between mountain Nashville. people and their varied prob- dependent schools. It is the only lems. The ancestors of these Word Studies in the Old Testament. people were largely of German, book we know that discusses im- Vol.!. B. A. M. Schapiro. 28 pp. partially the uneducated moun- 50 cents. Hebrew-Christian Pub. English and Scotch Irish stocks. tain preacher, the problem of Society. New York.

—A PROBLEM OR A

HERE IS A CHALLENGE TO YOU I Will you help to spread international understanding and brotherhood?

Dr. Charles W. Iglehart, who has been a missionary in Japan for twenty-Five years, sees the problem presented to Asia and to America. He also sees the challenge and the present opportunity.

Will YOU accept the challenge and make use of the opportunity? HOW? Send for copies of Dr. Iglehart's leaflet and distribute them in your church, your club, your social circle. It is d stirring picture that Dr. Iglehart draws—one to hold the attention and stir to action—useful Cpristian dction. Send 2 cents for a sample leaflet. Then send $1.00 for a hundred more. An American layman was so stirred by this message from Dr. Inglehart that he provided for the publication of a limited number of these leaFiets—with the conFident hope that you will help distribute them.

cSend to THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 1S6 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK AGENTS WANTED CUTS FOR SALE THE MISSIONARY REVIEW Excellent halftone plates and line cuts (undam- can be sold in quantities to aged) used in THE MISSIONARY REVIEW every Missionary Society. It fur- during the past two years. nishes information in brief, in- teresting form for leaders and For sale at one-third the cost. These are val- discussion groups. Why not act uable for loccill or denominational papers. Vivid as our Agent in your church or pictures of life all over the world. community? You can advance the cause of Foreign MisSions, Americ:an Highlands and at the same time can earn Americ:an Indians Afric:ans—Heathen and Christian A Liberal Commission China···Old and New Japan and. Korea • India's Idols and Christians Results in Moslem Lands Address.–Circ:ulation Manager Savages and Saints The Pacific Islanders The Missionary Review of the World • Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, Pa. c8enCi to The Missionary Review of the World Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, Pa.

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1929

STRAWS AND WHAT THEY

CHARLES T. RIGGS ARE MISSIONARIES NEEDED IN INDIA? R. C. DAS SEEING THE GOSPEL AT MIRAJ STANLEY A. HUNTER ARABIA APPROACHES THE CROSS ROADS C. STANLEY (;. MYLREA ATTACKING OUR RURAL PROBLEM CLARENCE A. SHAKE CHRISTIAN INFLUENCES II'" JXDL JUDSON T. PERKINS LILIAS TROTTER OF ALGIERS ISABELLE MAY MISSIONARY FINANCE METHODS Edited by MRS. F. I. JOHNSON VolulTle LII NUlTlber 4

'The art

ILLUSTRATION "A picture is worth a thousand words," said the old maxim. And so it is if it is well chosen.

From front cover to the "Smile Awhile" column at the back of each issue, THE PRESBYTERIAN MAGAZINE is a study in the art of illustration. Graphic Word pictures alternate with photographs that tell a story. A pioneer in its editorial contents and typographical treatment, THE PRESBYTERIAN MAGAZINE is something more than just another religious publication. It is a magazine in every sense of the word. The blank below is your invitation to subscribe.

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Street Citv_ _ _ __ _ _________._.. __.___ State ,Pleas~ -mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in -writing to advertiH'ers. 1'ke (;reatest 1'reasure lJrouse 0/ Linens in America AT McCUTCHEON'S, known for many years as "The Greatest .t. Treasure House of Fine Linens in America," you may select all the sturdy pieces and beautiful sets that every household needs and as many clever novelties as your fancy dictates. And whether you wish to spend a modest sum or a small fortune in replenishing the Linen Closet you will find that McCutcheon Linens are an investment in beauty and in long service.

Me Cutcheon's ~ FIFTH AVENUE AT FORTy-NINTH ST• .~ DEPT. No. 20, NEW YORK lI"J U5JiJ1.O/t TRAINING ConsiderThese Points FOR THE CONCERNING CHRISTIAN ANNUITIES MINISTRY HARTFORD Theological Seminary- Safety interdenominational-is one of three Enlarged Income great schools on one campus with Prompt Payment over 40 professors and lecturers. Its Guaranteed Income world atmosphere broadens. Reli. No Reinvestments gious education and missions are part No Administrative Costs of theological training. Courses lead to B.D., S.T.M. and Ph.D. For /urth.r In/ormation Addr… : W. J. Elliott, Trea",ret 01 the Board 01 Home Ask for booklet Missions and Church Ex.ensioa 01 Ihe Methodist Rockwell Harmon Potter, D.D., Dean, Epiocopal Church, 1701 Arc h Streel,l'hiladelphia, Pa. Hartford, Connecticut Morri. W. Ehnel, Treasurn ollhe Board of HARTFORD FOIeill" Missions 01 the Me.hod .t Episcopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City. Seminary Foundation W. Douglas Mackenzie. D.O•• President Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers~

PERSONALS

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD, one of the mem- bers of the Board of Directors of the DIlLAVAN L. PIIlUON, B<Ufor REVIEW, has been elected president of the Council of Women for Home Missions, APRIL TABLE OF OONTENTS of which formerly she was treasurer. Mrs. Judd is very active in Christian Paye missionary circles where she is render- CHANGING THE TURKISH ALPHABET ing valuable service.

• • • • • • • . • • • • • . • • • . • • • • • … Frontispiece * * …

1'URKISH STRAWS AND WHAT THEY MRS. JOSEPHINE McDANIEL STEARNS, SHOW ••…••••. CHARLES T. RIGGS 245 second vice-president of the United Christian Missionary Society, has re- ARE MISSIONARIES NEEDED IN IN- cently been called to become general sec- DIA? ••………….•.. R. C. DAS 249 retary of the newly created National Jommission of Protestant Church Women. SEEING THE GOSPEL AT MIRAJ ••••• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . STANLEY A. HUNTER 253 '" + …

THE BIRTH OF A TIBETAN ORPHAN- DR. CHANG PO-LING, founder and presi- AGE ••..•••… DORRIS E. SHELTON 211S dent of Nankai University, Tientsin, ARABIA APPROACHES THE CROSS .. ,. China, is in America. ROADS …•. C. STANLEY G. MYLRRA 259 …

ATTACKING OUR RURAL PROBLEM DR. WM. R. MOODY, elder son of the • •.•……….. CLARENCE A. SHAKE 266 late Dwight L. Moody, the famous evan- CHRISTIAN 'INFLUENCES IN INDIA gelist and founder of the Northfield and • ••••••..•••••. JUDSON T. PERKINS 269 Mount Herman Schools and Bible In- AN INDIAN STUDENT'S VACATION … stitute, Chicago, has resigned as chair- • ••••••••••••••• D~VATAJ.A GABRIEL 272 man of the Board of Trustees of the LU,IAS TROTTER OF ALGIERS ….. . schools. Rev. Elliot Speer, son of Dr. • •••••••..•..•.•.••• ISABELLE 1.1. y 277 Robert E. Speer, is the president of the FOREIGN MISSION POINTERS …… 282 schools. ,. … … THE NATIONAL CHRISTIAN COUNCIL AT MADRAS …….•.. K. T. P.wr, 284 EDWARD J. HIGGINS, recently Chief-of- staff of the Salvation Army, has been 'fOPICS OF 1'HE TIMES ………… 286 elected to succeed General Bramwell Booth, the son of the founder, who has METHODS FOR WORKERS . been in ill health for some time. The ••••• EDITED BY MRS. F. 1. JOHNSON 289 newly elected General states that re- forms will be instituted to end "one man WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BUL- control of the Anny"–especially in mat- LETIN ••••.•••••.••………… • •••• EDITED BY ELLA D. MACl.. AURIN 297 ters of finance. ,. … * WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN DR. THOMAS COCHRANE, Editor of The World Dominion, London, and founder ••. EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 299 of the Union Medical College, Peking, is in America holding a series of confer- WORLD·WIDE OUTLOOK ………..• 303 ences on "World Evangelism." He may be addressed in care of Miss Constance BOOKS WORTH READING ……….. 318 . Brandon, 113 Fu..l. ton… Street, New York.

TERMS.-$2.~0 a year. ($2.00 In clubs of DR. F. B. MEYER of London, the falive.) Foreign postage, ~O cents. Single copies, mous British Baptist preacher now in 211 cents. Published monthly. Copyrlcbted, his 82d year is planning another visit 1928, by MISSIONARY RIIVIIlW PUBLISHING COM' to America this spring. PANY, INC. All rights. reserved. .. .. * THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INc. REV. WALTER B. WILLIAMS, Superin- ROBIIIIT E. SPIII"a, PreS/llml tendent of the Kroo Coast District, WILLIAM I. CHAMBIIRLAIN, Vlce-P,…..fll….' Liberia, expects to arrive in the U. S.

DIILA'VAN L. PIIIMON, Beere'aI'I/ on furlough in May. He hopes to com- WALTila MCDOUGALL, Treaaurer Publication omce, 3d " Rell7 St., Harrillburg, plete the fund for Hartzell Memorial Pa. 2~c a copy. '2.110 a ;rear. Editorial and B~~~~':::C~it~~6 Fifth .benue, Hospital. … … …

Entered a. second·cla.. matter at the POIIt REV. PAOLO BOSIO, pastor of the Baker om… HarTillburll', Pa., under Act of lIarell Memorial (Waldensian) Church in 3, 1878. Rome, is in this country as the special representative of Waldensian churches. Signor Bosio is one of the ablest preach- ers of the younger generation. rR51.5~be Aeross the World 01 Islam By SamueJ M. Zwemer, F. R. G. S.

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38 ILLUSTRATIONS $4.00 Agnes Rush Burr Mrs. Arthur Parker Nelghbol' India ChUdl'eD of the Light In India A picture of India as it really is—<lark Biographies of Noted Indian Christians.

shadows and high lights, women's degradation Fifteen stirring life stories of heroic Indian and also her new opportunity, children's woes men and women of the past hundred years and hopeful future. Illustrated, $2.00 who have seen the light of Christian faith.

Mildreth Worth Pinkham Arthur J. Brown Illustrated, $2.00 A Bungalow ill india .Japall ill the World of To-day Glimpses of "two-sided" India presented in Dr. Sidney L. Gulick says: "A work which no one can ignore who wishes to know and fictional form bringing the reader close to the understand Japan as she is to-day."

very soul of the land of the Himalayas and Illustrated, $3.75 Ganges. – Illustrated, $2.00 FIeml.ng H . R eve11 Company, PUhI1'Sh ers 158 Fifth Avenue, New York 851 Ca•• Street, : Chicago fA&ea; R~iii:~s 'Jo~r:al [ Christian Interpretation of Current Events Progress of Christian Thought and Service Life Stories of Inspiring Personalities The Best New Books in Review Religious Education in Practice What Congregationalists Are Doing Added -The American Missionary Number (~Ilustrated) once a month Rates: Per year (52 issues) $3.00; $2.75 to Ministers and in Church Clubs of five or more Q[he ([gngregationalist -14 Beacon Street 19 South LaSalle Street L Boston, Mass. Chicago, III.

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Nati(Jnal (Jeographic Society,. republ181ted by speoial permi8sion from

National Geographio Magazine. CHANGING 'I'HE NATION'S ALPHABET IN TURKEY Constantinople siLol)s displuying numes In bot.h the Arabic script und in the new Lntin letters. This shop docs n thriving bl1sine8~ in the snle of new alphabets and primers.

LII, No.4 April,1929

TURKISH STRAWS BY REV. CHARLES T. RIGGS, Constantinople, Turkey W HICH way does the wind with sunset as the twel,fth hour, or blow in Turkey today? twelve o'clock. But in place of the Much is heard about the watches of the night, they reckoned change of alphabet; but this is hours again; so that an hour after really one phase alone of a wider sunset was one o'clock; midnight and deeper movement, which was approximately six o'clock, and should be studied as a whole. For so on. The fixed point, instead of in this land, where but a short time being noon, was sunset. Summer ago everything was reputed to be and winter, the minute when the as it was in the days of Abraham, sun went below the horizon was nowadays one has to get up before twelve o'clock. Your watch might daybreak to follow the progress. go wrong, and seem to indicate These steps began before the that the sun went to bed earlier in winter than in summer; but great war. Some have been grad- that was the frailty of human inual, like the loss of picturesqueness ventions; God's clock never made in costumes and headgear aU through the country. European a mistake. Today the only relic of dress had hardly made an impres- this system is seen in clocks in sion in the days of our grandfath- mosques, which keep the old time; ers; but there is pitifully little left but the five daily prayers of the today of the baggy trousers and Moslem are not regulated by that.

the flowing robes and the bright Still more drastic was the colors of former days. Even the change in time reckoning which women tend to wear black, almost came with January 1, 1926, when to the exclusion of other hues; and the numbering of the years was the men's clothing is practically all changed to make the calendar union European models. form with Europe. Instead of A more sudden and un-Turkish 1342, the date was officially an- change was made a quarter cen- nounced as 1926. Previous to that, tury ago, when the business houses the Turks had used two different of Constantinople began to use dates: a religious year, of lunar European time. The old Turkish months, dating from the flight of method of reckoning hours was Mohammed from Mecca to Medina based on that of Biblical times- in the year 622 A. D., which be- the twelve hours in the day, ending came the year One for the Mos- 245

lems; and a civil year, introduced With the removal of the Caliph, in the time of Mahmoud the Re- and the assertion that the religious former, which was a solar year, must no longer dominate the civil and began March 1st. By this curi- power, there followed logically the ous reckoning it was 1341 in our closing of all the medtresses, or year 1925. This anomalous civil theological schools, as centers of calendar was given up, and all sedition and reaction; then the dates except those exclusively re- abolition of the dervish system, ligious are now put on the Euro- with the secularizing of all the pean system. These Moslem Turks tekyes, or establishments of the have even made the concession of Dervish orders. No longer can the calling it, not indeed the Year of curious tourist attend the weird our Lord, but the "Year of the ceremonies of the howling and the Birth,"-meaning the birth of the whirling dervishes. They do not Prophet Jesus. They differ from exist any longer in the country.

us in dates only in that they write No longer does one see the mendi- and read 928 instead of 1928. cant dervish with his motley col- The Revolutionized Government lection of bowls, battle axes, and outlandish garments; he has gone The series of reforms that have to other and more hospitable come since the great war has com- climes. Even the gentler and more pletely revolutionized the govern- broadminded Bektashi dervish,- ment of Turkey. To be sure, brother of the Shriners of Ameri- constitutional forms and a parlia- ca,-has been forbidden to hold ment came into being in 1908, aft- property or to gather for religious er the absolutism of Abdul Hamid; rites. Closely connected with this but with the complete defeat of movement was the sealing up of the Union and Progress leaders in the turbes, or tombs of Mohamme- the war, and the subsequent assas- dan worthies, to prevent their use sination of all three leaders of that as centers of superstitious venera- party,-Enver, Talaat, and Djemal tion. Furthermore, the public has Pashas,-the idea of breaking been forbidden to go to the graves away also from the system of Sul- of supposably holy men of old time, tans grew in popularity. Finally to pray and to tie the accustomed came the proclamation of the Re- rag to a neighboring tree or bush, public under Mustafa Kemal as so as to remind the spirit of the President, and a little later the saint that that prayer should be abolition of the Caliphate, which answered! All such superstitions had been allowed to remain in the are unbecoming' a modern and Osman dynasty even after the civil progressive nation, they are told.

power had been taken away. This The mosque, or the home, is the was accomplished by the expulsion place to pray; and even the tomb ot the whole former imperial fam- of Mohammed I, in Brousa, is close- ily, none of whom are now allowed ly locked and invisible to tourists to live in the country. Remember- or citizens.

ing the fact that this dynasty had Then came the order to wear been continuously in power since hats, and to throwaway the fez.

the Turks became a nation, one can Only two or three years previous see the sweeping nature of the to that, when the Turkish troops change. again occupied Constantinople aft-

TURKISH STRAWS

er the Inter-allied troops cleared white turban, indicating their reout, all Turkish citizens who had ligious character. dared wear hats during that anomalous time, either burned or threw Immediately preceding the alaway the hated foreign head gear, phabetic change, was another of to blossom out as loyal Turkish similar character-the adoption of citizens with the fez. But now, of the European numerals in place a sudden all this was changed; and of the set of numerals which the the wearing of a fez became the Turks, Arabs, Persians, and pracsign of disloyalty, while the trade ticallyall Mohammedans have been in hats and caps became most lu- using. This in itself seems but a crative. When certain persons in slight thing; yet it has great sig- nificance in being another effort Copyright, National Geographio Society) repttbLished by spe&iaZ permi8sion from the National Gcog1'aphio Magazine.

MODERNIZING TURKEY- OUTSIDE A CINEMA THEATER The transition period is shown by the posters printed in Arabic script aJld in "New Turkish," as well as in French. ~'he Alhamra flashes on its screen every week a humorous story In the New Turkish alphabet.

Marash insisted that they had a to break away from all that ties right to wear a fez if they liked, up the Turk to the companionship and were arrested, and tried, and of Oriental nations, and link up executed as traitors, it made a deep with Europe. All official documents impression; and today it is the today use the European figures; rarest thing in the country to find and in a short time, the use of the a fez anywhere. Even the imams, old Moslem numerals will be foror religious leaders in the mosques, bidden entirely. Yet in 1923, all who were allowed, one for each European numerals were removed mosque, to retain fezes, have found from automobile and carriage liit impossible to renew their stock cense tags, from street doors, from from any shop in the bazaars, and the smokestacks of the Bosphorus have had to take to a fez of a dif- and Golden Horn steamers, and ferent color and style. These all other public places, as being un- "priests" still have to wear a heavy patriotic!

Now comes the greatest change the Constantinople Deputies, not of all-the adoption of a new al- for any religious motive whatever, phabet. The Turkish language is but because of the difficulties banks still used but the Arabic alphabet, have in trying to do business with till now employed in its writing, the European banking system, has proven inadequate. Its vowels when Europe's banks are closed on are scarce, and do not well repre- Sundays and open on Fridays. The sent the Turkish sounds. There compulsory Friday holiday, intro- has always been perplexing diffi- duced since 1923, is not really a culty in writing foreign names in religious measure at all; for Islam that system, for one must know knows no day of rest, such as is the pronunciation of a word before indicated in the J udrea-Christian he can read it, as the same com- system, but merely a cessation of bination of letters may mean sever- other occupations at the noon hour al different sounds. Perhaps the on a Friday so as to facilitate faith- most serious matter has been the ful attendance at the mosque de- impossibility of using the Arabic votions on the "day of assembly,"

letters in medical prescriptions. -which is the meaning of the Mos- All doctors. and pharmacists had lem name for that day-Jum'a.

to use the Latin symbols; and it So we may shortly have the seem- was confusing. ing anomaly of a Mohammedan The adoption and mastery of the government compelling Christian Latin alphabet, as modified for the and Moslem alike to close up their Turkish language, will make the shops all day Sunday.

acquisition of other European lan- Which way does the wind blow guages far easier for the Turk. in Turkey today? There are other Just now, it is easier for a for- and subtler signs of a great, deep, eigner to learn the new Turkish pervading spiritual dissatisfaction, alphabet than for the Turks them- and a looking around for some- selves; and when the latter has thing better. For the Turkish once familiarized himself with his heart is profoundly religious by new system, he can quickly pick up nature, and will not be content other languages having the same with merely throwing away what letters. His mind now turns more is outgrown; it must have satis- and more naturally westward for faction. And many of their think- leadership; and this step has made ers are now studying the various this trend more promising than religious systems of the world, and ever. especially of Europe, to see what Other reforms are in the air. they can recommend to their coun- The new session of the Grand Na- trymen. It is significant that many tional Assembly began November have already pointed out the su- 1st; and we are assured that at periority of the Protestant form an early date the proposition to of Christianity over other forms; change the weekly day of compul- but we must hope they will not be sory rest from Friday to Sunday satisfied with any cut-and-dried will be introduced in the form of system, but will work out for them- a bill. Furthermore, we have the selves what will best suit their own assurance that this measure has genius, providing its center and already in advance the approval of core is the only Saviour of the the Cabinet. It is being pushed by world.

MISSIONARIES NEEDED IN INDIA?

BY R. C. DAS, M.A., Kurigram, Bengal A Convert from Hinduism and for three YOMS Professor in the Agra and Calclltta CoZiegeB, Intlia FOR many years the western same offence. Miss Mayo's "Moth- countries saw India 0 n 1y er India," while one-sided, truly through the eyes of mission- represents most of India. Politaries, retired government officials, ically sensitive, India naturally retourists and business men from sents anything that tends to lower Europe and America. A few In- her in the estimation of the world. dian holiday seekers or Indian While we deprecate the tone of Rajas and Nawabs (princes) very Miss Mayo's book we cannot shut occasionally visited the West but our eyes to the facts enumerated more recently Indian students, both therein. Many Hindu sects, social C h r i s t ian and non-Christian, and religious reformers have thempreachers of Islam and Hinduism selves denounced Hindus and have -Sannvasis and Maulvies-have condemned Hinduism in stronger traveled in a much larger number and more defamatory language and some of them have been earn- than that of Miss Mayo. The muest defenders of Indian reli~don tual warfare-verbal and someand civilization. Naturally the times actual-between Saktas and people of the western countries- Vaishnavas has been notorious. No particularly the less educated and language has been too insulting or those of the younger generation- provocative to be used by these have listened with greater curios- sects in their mutual recriminaity and credulity to these Hindus tions. Hindus and Moslems are and Moslems rather than to mis- today indulging in the same passionaries and other westerners who time of villipication of one anothare often considered prejudiced er's social customs and religious from religious and political mo- practical propaganda of the Arya tives. These uninformed listeners Somaj-a very virile body-is a do not realize that missionaries poignant tirade against modern have been pioneers in oriental Hinduism. The book called "Satscholarship-that they have come zartha Prokas," written by Swani to India from spiritual and philan- Dayananda Swaraswali, founder thropic motives. No one can esti- of the Arya Somaj, is a virulent mate what men like William Carey attack on an religions including and Alexander Duff have done for Hinduism, Mohammedism and India. They were not merely prop- Buddhism. The Birahmo Somaj agandists from the West. critcisms of Hindu social customs and religion, though intelligent and India is too vast to admit of gen- reasonable, are very sweeping and eralizations. She is a continent painful. containing many nations, races, religions and civilizations. It is easy It is not fair to condemn the mis- sionaries for criticizing Indian life under the circumstances to exag- and customs. If they are to follow gerate things or make misstate- truth and to establish righteous- ness in the world they must point ments. Indian speakers and writers are sometimes guilty of the 249

out the evil as well as the good. world is the field wherein the seed Of course they should be above of God's truth must be sown and racial hauteur and must not re- the Gospel of Christ must be pro- gard their own country or civiliza- claimed.

tion as necessarily superior. That 1. Depressed Classes. As long is not the Christ-way. Our Lord as the sixty millions of men and vehemently can d e m ned many women are treated as slaves – as things in the social and religious subhuman dregs, worse than dogs life of his own people without be- and cats – the responsibiJity of ing prejudiced and with a heart of western Christians will remain in- love and concern. We must closely sistent. These men are depressed follow in His footsteps. and downtrodden on account of re- On the Defensive ligious ideas and philosophical con- ceptions, by social customs and Wounded by modern criticisms tradition coming from time im- and face to face with the living memorial. An effort is being made forces of Christianity, Islam and in political circles to reduce the Hinduism are now on the defensive number of oppressed classes merely and aggressive as well. Both these by no longer designating them as religions are passing through a "depressed" in Government Census Renaissance bringing out their reports. This will not change the original beauty and vitality. For actual social conditions. In order the missionary or the Indian Chris- to deceive the Government and the tian there is absolutely nothing to missionaries some Hindus have fear in these fresh developments. taken to social reform work either New wine is being poured into old on public lecturing platforms or bottles which are sure to crack. among the people. Their work is The breaking has already begun. advertised out of all proportion to Many self-designated Hindu and actual cases. Nationalists want Islamic preachers, students and the number of Hindus to remain others are now visiting western intact because, with the diminish- countries who are no more true ing numbers, their political in- representatives of real Mother fluence will also be reduced. Spir- India than are the missionaries or itual, philanthropic or humane orientalists. They are guilty of motive is absent. The reform work more objectionable exaggeration does not touch even the fringe of and misrepresentation than the the problem. Nor does it essen- Westerners. They defame mission- tially change the social status of aries and missions and paint the "depressed classes." They still everything Indian in glowing remain untouchable and even unap- colors. proachable in some areas. If Christian missions and mission- British and American influence aries with sympathetic hearts and were withdrawn the Hindu philos- strong convictions, are greatly ophy of life and social institutions needed in India and will be needed would reign supreme.

as long as the following conditions 2. Caste is the greatest Hindu remain. Even when these condi- institution. Their sacred books tions will disappear, men will still and customs support it. Philoso- need the saving grace and power phy sustains its growth and rami- of the Cross of Christ. The whole fications. The greatest efforts to

ARE MISSIONARIES NEEDED IN INDIA?

crush it by men like Kavir, Nanak sponsible for most of the evils and and Chaitanya and by movements grievances. In ancient times their like the Arya Somaj and Brahmo fate was better. But while women Somaj of modern times have all are required to have only one husmiserably failed. The mingling of band both in life and death, men cultured folks and statesmen in have absolute freedom. In law the public places like restaurants, rail- status of women is inferior. Most way trains and tea shops cannot women are physical wrecks from destroy caste. The system is en- being confined in Purdah. Prostitrenched strongly in the villages. tution, both commercialized (legal) The man who freely eats with a and clandestine is extensive. Wom- Christian or Musalman cannot so en are woefully ignorant and " CRAWLING PILGRIMS"-DO TIlEY NEED CIIRIS'l"S WAY OF LIIl'E 1 eat on a social occasion of the superstitious. There are bright Hindu caste to which he belongs. sides to their life, but unless guided In like manner a few intercaste or by Christian example Hindu men intersectarian marriages backed by will not do much to ameliorate the British legislation cannot remove condition of women. Hindu men caste restrictions on marriages. are conservative and reactionary Hinduism has throughout the cen- in their ideas regarding womanturies acted like a piece of rubber hood. that can be twisted or expanded in any way you like but as soon as 4. Idolatry is based on Hindu outward pressure is withdrawn it philosophy and is regarded indisresumes its own size and shape. pensable for ignorant masses. Re- cent years have seen a renaissance 3. Women. The general condi- of Hindu idolatry. Many members tion of women is deplorable. The of the Brahmo sect are falling back double standard of morality is re- into popular Hinduism, since they

have neither one holy scripture nor have arisen between these religious one religious guide. Christ alone zealots over idolatrous performcan satisfy the deep human hunger ances in educational institutions. that has given rise to idolatry in There is no true liberty of conevery age and clime. Popular science anywhere in India. If they Islam is also heavily animistic and had the power, Hindus would idolatrous. violently stop all conversions to Islam or Christianity. A convert 5. Indian Religious Intolerance. is instantaneously cast out as an Hindus and Moslems are quarrel- unclean thing. The Hindus also ling, fighting and shedding blood have begun shuddhi-reconversion over religion and politics. Reli- -yet they are intolerant. After gious music of Hindus is abomina- rioting and bloodshed in several tion in the Moslem ear, particularly places in recent years both the Hindus and Mohammedans have when heard during prayers in wanted Christian magistrates bemosques. Cowkilling as sacrifice cause they have confidence in their by devout Moslems is shocking to impartiality and justice. How can the Hindu and is a blow at their India so burning with communal religion. The Hindu is a Ka/ir to hatred and religious intolerance the Moslem while the Moslem is a progress without Christ and the Yaban to the Hindu. Each hates help of His followers? the other with all his heart. The Mohammedan, though educated, 6. Rei i g i 0 u s Contradictions. religious, and once mighty em- Hinduism is full of illogical conperor of India, is untouchable. tradictions and inconsistencies. A The Moslem evildoer indiscrim- theist, an idolater, a pantheist, an inately kidnaps and outrages atheist, a good man, an immoral Hindu girls. Recently quarrels man-all of these are found in true Hinduism. It is the name that unites them. There is no one standard either of morality or re- ligious truth. There is no one su- preme and final :religious book or one final incarnation or teacher. A man may follow anybody, anything or nothing and still remain a Hindu. And yet some few western women profess conversion to Hinduism! Who does not feel the need of the dynamic personality of Jesus Christ and the unifying power of the Bible?

All men need moral and spiritual regeneration-a new birth, forgive- ness of sin and power to resist sin. Jesus Christ deserves supremacy and the allegiance of Indian man- kind.

THE GOSPEL AT

STANLEY ARMSTRONG HUNTER, D.D., Berkeley, California SEVERAL years ago one of the said. He looked very pale and hag- well-known Maharajahs of In- gard from the loss of blood. Know- dia was injured in the jungle ing that native princes and their while engaged in his favorite sport retinues always go together, the of pig sticking. Wild boars are missionary made a hasty survey pursued by hunters on fleet ponies, in his mind of the possibilities of and when overtaken are speared entertaining the whole party of with long lances. In this instance the Maharajah by an accident speared himself instead of the pig, the lance piercing his arm. He was a tall man, six feet, four inches in height, of gigantic build, weighing nearly 350 pounds. In the re- tinue of forty attendants who accompanied him everywhere was a hospital assistant who sewed up the severed artery with a piece of string. The Maharajah gave up his hunting party and, worried over his arm, started homeward. He remembered the medical missionary at Miraj and the American Presbyterian Mission there, in which he had shown heretofore but little interest. Some of these native princes allow no missionaries to work within their domains. He himself had not been so much op- posed as indifferent. SIR WILT,TAM WANLESS, nLD. As Dr. William J. Wanless was engaged at his usual rounds shortly after the accident a very excited Bowar or horseman garbed in the livery of the Maharajah raced up forty, each of whom had the right to the hospital. His horse was of access to the room of the chief. lathered with sweat and was as ex- Dr. Wanless scribbled a message cited as the courier himself. He to the superintendent of the hosdeclared that His Highness re- pital to clear out the cots and tots quested the doctor to leave his pa- from the children's ward and in- tients and come immediately. Dr. stall the biggest bed that could be Wanless hastily left his work and found in the center, putting upon started in a tonga, meeting the it two mattresses and strengthen- wounded prince fifteen miles away. ing it in every way possible for "I'm coming to your hospital," he this great man. He added that the 258

forty attendants would camp on witness operations, and always left the four verandas which sur- gifts for needy patients. On one rounded the children's hospital. To occasion one of the nurses, not his wife he sent a note asking her knowing who he was, refused him to entertain the two young sons admission unless he put on a gown of His Highness and the two and cap. "The gown being one of wards. my own went only half way round Dr. Wanless had built the chil- him," said Dr. Wanless, and with dren's ward out of gifts totalling his two attendants holding up his $800 which he had collected before heavy hands as was his custom, he left the homeland. His little he made such a comical figure in sister, a victim of tuberculosis, had the operating room that we all made the initial contribution, hand- could not keep from laughing to- ing him on her deathbed in Toron- gether."

to a purse with forty copper coins. A Champion of Outcastes The money was sacred because it had been contributed out of sacri- Years later Dr. Wanless was fice as well as friendship. In this travelling by' rail with the Maha- children's ward the mighty prince rajah, who was telling him of his was soon installed on a bed rein- interest in the sixty million "un- forced with rope. When operated touchables" of the country. The on that evening Dr. Wanless took Maharajah had become the presi- out of the arm "something that dent of the national organization looked very much like a hawser." which was seeking to alleviate their He responded well to treatment troubles. He had presided over and soon went home, taking the many meetings on their behalf. At doctor with him to his palace, his a meeting in a tent he had even private car having been left near suffered the indignity of being by at the railroad. For several stoned by the Brahmins for cham- days Dr. Wanless returned to dress pioning the rights of those whom the wound and a friendship sprang they had oppressed. The Mahara- up which grew stronger through jah asked the missionary if he had the years. Years later when the heard of his recent proclamation Maharajah gave to the mission fif- that henceforth there was to be no teen acres of land in Kolhapur on discrimination against the out- which stood several buildings of castes or low castes in public insti- an old military hospital, he made tutions in his state. It was the first the suggestion that the new hos- action of this kind in any native pital for women and children be state. It meant that the lower named the Mary Wanless Hospital castes should not be debarred from in memory of the missionary's the public wells as they had heen.

helpmate who had died of cholera Henceforth they could be employed "in the line of duty." A gift of in public offices without discrimi- forty acres of land was made to nation.

the American Presbyterian Mis- "It was a tall order," says Dr.

sion in Kolhapur for a school. The Wanless, "one that had never be- Maharajah even endeavored to fore been given in any native state.

have him move "his whole show" It had given the Maharajah a great over to Kolhapur, his capital. He deal of trouble in enforcement."

frequently came unannounced to "I was asked by some of my peo-

SEEING THE GOSPEL AT MIRAJ

pIe the other day," said the Maha- 1,250,000 and he himself had seen rajah, "Where I got this idea personally three-fourths of these, which had troubled them so much. the public was amazed to find that Do you know what I answered this one man had treated nearly a them? I said that I got it in the million patients! From two or Miraj hospital where I had seen three o'clock in the afternoon until the lower castes receive the same nearly midnight he had performed sort of treatment as the Brahmins countless operations having saved from the nurses and doctors. I his mornings for teaching his stu- made up my mind then that it dents. In the Medical College would be a good thing for my which he had founded he had state." trained over 200 physicians who He too had "seen the Gospel at are now carrying on in all parts Miraj." Many interesting stories, of the land. Practically all are "all in the day's work" will be told Christians. The government of you if you press the missionary India has given to this medical col- for some of the chapters of his lege its official recognition. By fascinating life. successful cataract operations he On February the 6th of 1928, had restored eyesight to over 10,- Dr. Wanless retired at the age of 000 people who could say-"Once sixty-three from the work which I was blind, but now I can see."

he had built up dUring the past The incidence of cataract is heavy thirty-nine years. Miraj is an out throughout India because of mal- of the way place, 200 miles south nutrition and also the condition of of Bombay and about 100 miles the houses. Smoke escapes mainly from the sea, but all over India from the roof and the eyes of many there were expressions of regret. are constantly irritated. The Sixteen farewell receptions were houses are also dark and the sharp given. At Poona at a great public contrast caused by the brilliant mass meeting in a theater His sunshine outside makes for eye Highness, the Aga Khan, the re- strain. It is a memorable experi- ligious head of millions of Moslems, ence to hear Dr. Wanless describe presided. The customary address the thrill which comes when a man in the silver casket was given. Al- who has been blind for ten years, though the head of a great body has the bandages removed from his of Moslems, the Aga Khan declared eyes in the hospital and sees ob- his convictions that only Christian- jects for the first time! "He re- ity could have accomplished such gards this as ocular proof of the results. The editor of the Bombay love of God," says the doctor, who Evening News referred to him as thinks that the oral presentation the leading surgeon of all India. of the gospel is not enough, al- This is high praise, when one con- though no one is more interested siders the caliber of the Indian than he is in telling the story of medical service and their remark- the Good Physician to the many able discoveries in research. A patients who come.

careful estimate has been made of In India friends and relatives the number of patients that Dr. often accompany the sick, and so Wanless treated during his thirty- the opportunity of teaching them nine years. As the hospital and is not overlooked. "Each one of its dispensaries had treated over our five medical missionaries takes

an active part in the religious The average distance traveled work," says Dr. Wanless. "I al- by patients who come to Dr. Wan- ways try to give a bit of the mes- less is over two hundred miles.

sage of the Master in the wards From the closed land of Afghan- at the Sunday service. "A Bit of istan, into which no missionary the Message of the Master" might may enter, from interior points in well be the title of this article. Arabia, even from distant Africa, The British government honored the afflicted make long journeys to Dr. Wanless in 1910 with the silver the threshold of the man who Kaiser-i-Hind medal "for distin- works what seem to them to be guished public service in India." modern miracles.

Ten years later he was made the The story of how the work has recipient of the gold Kaiser-i-Hind been built up is a thrilling one.

medal also. Friends throughout Dr. Wanless recalls vividly the first India rejoiced that in the list of group of patients which came to honors on New Year's Day 1928 his door. The Mission Board had King George V made him a Knight directed that he devote himself en- Bachelor of the Empire. As it was tirely to language study the first impossible .for him to remain for year. He recalls, however, the the Investiture by the Viceroy or group of dejected and depressed attend a royal levee in England, people who refused to be sent away· letters patent with the royal seal with the word that the young sahib were forwarded. Knighthood goes could not treat them but must con- back to the eleventh century and fine himself to the study of their the volume of explanation which language. When they greeted him accompanied the large gold medal again on his second day their need or decoration which is given with and misery so impressed him that the title revealed a most interest- he started in to work for them ing history. The old friends of without neglecting his language Dr. Wanless now call him Sir Wil- study. Even his careful medical liam in conformity with the new and surgical preparation in New title. Being a Canadian, he is priv- York University had not antici- ileged to receive this honor. It pated all the emergencies. Some meant a great deal to his Indian time later the young missionary supporters to know that the Brit- was traveling in one of the villages ish government had given this rec- when one of these early patients ognition of his unselfish services, accosted him. He told him of the which for them stands for chivalry joy which had come to him when at its best. He left Miraj satisfied his health had been restored, and that the four medical missionaries especially of his new found faith on the staff would carryon the in Christ. "I am a Christian work which he had built up, with now," said he. "Recently when one over seventy-five assistants and of my family died I wanted to give helpers. The nurses' training him a Christian burial. You will school and medical college with six- forgive me for I do not know ex- ty students is well-known through- actly what should be said in a time out the whole land. The physical like this, but over his grave I re- equipment is valued at $250,000, peated the Name of Christ, and and three-fourths of this has been then I spoke your name also."

given by Indians themselves. Before the discovery that the

germ of bubonic plague is carried In his addresses in America Dr. by the fleas which desert dying Wanless speaks about the wonder- rats for humans and so infect ful lure of India and refers to the them, Dr. Wanless ran many risks many kindnesses and courtesies of contracting this dread disease. which he has received from the On one occasion he entered a home hands of the people. He reminds to find a child, the only survivor his hearers that the vast mass of of the household, crawling over the the population is rural and prebodies of seven plague victims. sents a vivid picture of life in the The presence of so many fleas on 700,000 villages. It is plain to see his own clothing led him on that, that the poor and needy have a great place in his heart. "One and on other occasions as well, to 'beautiful custom that they have suspect that there was a connection between them and the disease. in India," says Sir William, "is During one plague epidemic when that the people do not wait to say Dr. Wanless was asked to be chair- nice things about you until your man of a city committee on sani- death." He bears high praise to tation, by means of his bicycle he his colleagues of the Medical Mis- sion Association who maintain 250 visited over, five thousand homes, hospitals with 300 dispensaries. inspecting the surroundings of The late John H. Converse pubeach and insisting on cleanliness. licly referred to the $25,000 which The Maharajah of Miraj contrib- he gave for the new hospital in uted a building in appreciation of Miraj as the best investment of this service. his life. Miss Mary Converse, his daughter, who spent several days Many grateful patients have con- in Miraj, was greatly impressed tributed generously to th~ hospital. with the achievements of the in- One block costing $3,000 was stitution. Dr. Wanless was not erected by a Parsee in memory of only the surgeon in the early days his child. A Bombay mill owner but the undertaker as well. He gave $10,000 and a Hindu widow was not only the architect of his a $5,000 block. One Parsee woman buildings but also the contractor. has collected over $5,000 in small "This," he says, "has some advanamounts from Parsees in many tages because there is never any lands. In India $100,000 is being friction between the architect and raised for a tuberculosis sanitori- the builder!" Through it all he um, which at the suggestion of Sir has maintained the Christian em- phasis. The aim of all his work in Leslie Wilson, the Lieutenant-Gov- his own words has been "by our ernor of Bombay Presidency, will service and message to make clear bear the missionary's name. He to our patients and to their friends also contributed a thousand rupees the fact of Christ as the great along with the suggestion. Dr. Physician to sin sick souls, as well Wanless was summoned to Bombay as the real Founder of the instituto broadcast by radio an appeal for tion whose physical benefits they, the patients, are receiving." this institution-his first broadcasting experience. Several years Dr. Wanless is now enjoying a ago a leper asylum was built which is now maintained by the Mission well-earned rest with his family in to Lepers. Six lepers have been Glendale, California. discharged as cured, and there are 120 under care.

2

BIRTH OF A TIBETAN

BY DORRIS E. SHELTON The author, a daugbter of Dr. and Mrs. A. L. Shelton of Tibet, had intimate contact wltb the Orpbanage started by ber parents In Batang, where tbe United Cbrlstlan Missionary Society has an important work.

W HEN father first went out One day mother and I were walk- to Tachienlu, Tibet, he found ing down a little narrow cobble- a little boy who had been stone street in Batang and we studying for the priesthood and noticed a tiny girl standing in a had run away. Father decided to doorway-a very tiny, dirty girl take Lee Gwa Gwang in off the with a slight slant in one of her streets. He clothed and fed him eyes. We stopped for a moment and and started him in our school. some women told us that the little A short time after the child had girl's mother was very sick. We been with us, father found another went into the small mud house and little ragged, dirty, sick boy sitting found the mother lying in a cold on the steps. Lee Gwa Gwang vol- corner on the ground, very sick and unteered. the information that it weak. Mother asked if she could do was his little brother, Lee Gwa Yin. anything for her and the woman These two boys grew up and were said something about her baby girl educated for what they wanted to -that if she died she had no place be-Lee Gwa Gwang for a preach- to go. When we started to leave, er, now the pastor of the church after mother had promised to send at Batang, and Lee Gwa Yin for food and have father come with a doctor, today one of our best medicine, the little girl ran after medical assistants. My father was us and caught hold of mother's very proud the day that the boy skirts, crying and refusing to let he had taken in became a pastor her go. She must have felt that and baptized his own two girls. we were her friends, ready to help Several years later when we her. Mother knew the orphanage were in Batang, mother and Mrs. ward was full, and there was no Ogden talked about the need for place to put the child. Father went an orphanage and wondered if it to see the woman and found she would ever be possible. But dreams was dying. The family talked it that are born of kindness and un- over together and in a few days selfishness have a way of coming our family again had a little or- true. When the hospital was built phan. When she was cleaned up father told them that one of the and fed she really was cute! Le- large wards downstairs might be zong Lhalmo has been very inter- used for our mission orphanage esting in her growth and develop- for a while. Soon it was filled ment and has always been mother's with children who were orphaned orphan. Now Lezong Lhalmo is and helpless. one of the older girls in the mis- I remember Saturday as the day sion, capable, bright and loved.

the orphans had their bath and to After mother had her orphan, some of the little Tibetans who each of the family decided to have had never had a bath it was a new an individual orphan. Dot took experience! It was lots of fun to one and I took one and ever since see them clean and happy. we have had "our own orphan."

258

ABDUL EL AZIZ IBN SAUD AND HIS

ARABIA APPROACHES THE CROSS ROADS· BY C. STANLEY G. MYLREA, M.D., Kuwait, Arabia Missiou{tlry of the Re!onnea Church i1l, Ame'rica "RABIA-The very word is Geographically a penisula, it is in 1"l.. synonymous with mystery, effect an island, for the sands of romance, and the fairy tales the north are just as sure a barrier of the ages. There is a wondrous as the seas to the west, south and associ"ation in the minds of most east. In these days oceans connect, of us with sights and sounds, and they do not separate, but the desjust to see the word "Arabia" or erts are still one of the most formito hear it spoken, is to conjure up dable barriers of the world. The a vision of long lines of swaying great southern desert of Arabia, camels, bearing their precious the dreary "Empty Quarter" has freight of "spicery and balm and never been crossed, at all events by myrrh" across the dry, blazing, a white man. It remains an absotrackless desert. The poets have lutely impassible barrier. In the ever loved to sing of the great un- future, the near future, aeroplanes known and most people will quote and motor cars will doubtless wrest glibly from Longfellow to the ef- its secrets from it, but for the presfect that "the cares which infest ent it remains as it always was, the day shall fold their tents like silent and forbiddmg. Not for the Arabs and silently steal away." nothing do the Arabs speak of their Arabia has always been one of country as "The Island," for an the remote countries of the world island it is, securely compassed and distance has but lent enchant- about with sand and water. ment. It is a country which has al- Arabia is one of the few counways enjoyed a splendid isolation. tries which has never excited the cupidity of the empire building na- Sjo:~I!letSheb'i[."b~fl from the Board of Mis· tions. The reason is simple. Ara- 259

bia has nothing to attract the On the whole, through the ages, conqueror. Sand and sunshine are Arabia has been pretty well left about all the natural resources en- alone and the result is that she can joyed by the greater part of the show an unbroken national existcountry. The game has never been ence equalled by few nations. As worth the candle and it is impos- the Arab was centuries ago, so he sible to contemplate without a remains today or at least so he shudder, the terrible hardships remained till yesterday. It is which would await any western worthy of notice that the Arabs army foolhardy enough to attempt were probably pioneers in the great the military conquest of Arabia. art of transportation. The desert The only commercial hope of the and the Arab between them proland seems to lie in the possibility duced the camel, and from the days of the discovery of large oil de- when Ishmaelites carried Joseph posits but if or when such discov- into Egypt and sold him they beeries are made, agreements will be came the desert carriers of the come to, not by force, but by con- world. Great caravan routes grew cession. The only troops which up and the tide of trade flowed have ever been able to accomplish from Constantinople to Baghdad, anything in the deserts of Arabia from Aleppo to Damascus, from have been Turks, who about a cen- Baghdad to Teheran, Meshed and tury ago broke the power (tem- India. Wherever there are stretches porarily) of the Wahabis and of desert to be negotiated, whether carried their victorious arms into in Morocco, or China or India, the very heart of the Nejd. A great tribute to their endurance. it is the camel which keeps the communications 0 pen, and the

ARABIA APPROACHES THE CROSS ROADS

hackneyed title "The ship of the "He will be a wild man, his hand desert" is justified. It is scarcely will be against every man, and necessary to stress the relationship every man's hand against him" is between the Arab and the horse. still true. The Arab is an indi- The word "Arab" suggests the fin- vidualist in every fibre of his being. est horse in the world. It was the Harmony and cooperation are far camel and the horse, in the hands to seek and it is doubtful whether of the men of the desert, which the Arabs have ever been altogethmade possible the great conquests er united in their whole history, of the Arab armies and which gave even in the days of Mohammed and them their great empire. How the early Caliphs. Like Cyrano de these men of the desert stir our Bergerac, the Arab leads, he does imaginations! Any nation which not follow. The individualism and could even exist in a country like the selfishness of the Arab are of "HUDWA" OR NATIVE CIRCUS, STAGED FOR THE MISSION MEETING AT KUWAIT Arabia would compel our admira- course largely due to the country tion, but the Arabs have given the in which he lives. Tribe is sepworld a language, a literature, and arated from tribe by tremendous a faith that are marvels of history. stretches of sterile waste. Life is The Arab is a man of force, a man one long struggle. It is a case of of character. He is, as he would "each for himself." say in his own language, a man. A race of weaklings would not last There has, however, been one two generations in Arabia. The great bond between men in Arabia, Arabs are strong because they have at all events since the days of Moendured and they have endured be- hammed. The bond of Islam! And cal}.se they are strong. what a marvellous bond it has been! How one's heart thrills as Nevertheless the Arab with all one pictures those Arab armies gohis potentialities, is to be reckoned ing out to conquer the world with among the most backward races of their battle cry of "Allahu Akbar" the world. The prophecy in Genesis in their hearts, and in their eyes

and on their lips! For it was their wards developing the New Movereligion that was their bond, their ment. Religious teachers were driving force and the secret of encouraged to do their utmost to their irresistible might. The Arab revive the ideals of Abdul Wahab. fought as the Koran puts it "in Out in the desert somewhere about the way of God." There is nothing 1913 the city of Artawiyah sprang to equal a religious ideal to bring up, that religious center of Waout the fighting qualities of the habism, 10,000 strong at least, a Arab. His wars are God's wars. city which Philby saw in 1918 but He is enlisted in the armies of the did not dare to enter, contenting Living God. himself with a long look through Of late years, in the opinion of his field glasses, at a distance of thousands of pious Arabs, men four miles. The Wahabis named have fallen from grace. Islam is themselves the Ikhwan (the brethnot what it was. The world, the ren) a name which suggests love flesh and the devil have captured and peace and charity with all men. men's hearts. Men do not keep the faith as they once did. Some twen- But the name has come to be asty years ago, away out in the heart sociated with all that is the very of the desert, the fires of Wahabism opposite of those three beautiful which had been smouldering for attributes. To the Ikhwan all other more than a hundred years, began to break into flame. Men began to Moslems are heretics and it is war teach and to preach reform. Pray- to the death. "Join 'the brethren' er became more reguIitr and the or fight," was the challenge which fast was better kept. The great went up and down the land. The Sultan, Abdul Aziz Ibn Saud, King movement grew. Those who fell of the Hejaz as he has since be- fighting for the brotherhood were come, the most remarkable man martyrs to whom Paradise was as- Arabia has produced perhaps since the time of the prophet, watched sured. Those who survived were the reviving fire and pondered. At consoled by the acquisition of the that time Ibn Saud had but lately spoils of war; women, camels, recaptured the kingdom of his fa- sheep, goats, tents and merchan- dise. thers in the south center of Arabia. He was no longer a refugee–living And so Ibn Saud's army became an invincible reality, praying, fastin Kuwait under favor of Sheikh ing, murdering and looting, the Mubarak. He had won his spurs latter always in the name of Allah, and in his heart had grown up a of course. In 1912 Ibn Saud drove great ambition. He pondered on the Turks out of the fertile provthe doctrines of the great reform- ince of Hasa. The enemy were er, Abdul Wahab and remembered only a handful and made but a how more than 100 years ago, those poor resistance but the conquest doctrines had conquered the country. He believed in those doctrines of Hasa meant a valuable revenue himself. And as he thought, he to Ibn Saud, and money is power realized that, here in this reform in Arabia as everywhere else. In movement, was the weapon he was 1918 he began operations against seeking. It lay ready to his hand. his hereditary foes to the north, Ibn Saud bent all his energies to- the tribes of Jebel Shammar, but due partly to a certain lack of resolution and partly perhaps to political factors, the capital city of

ARABIA APPROACHES THE CROSS ROADS

Hail did not fall until 1924. From tween him and Great Britain.) In that moment, however, Ibn Saud the case of Kuwait, the Ikhwan was more or less master of Arabia. have been a thorn in the side ever In January, 1926, he was pro- since 1920. For one reason or claimed King of the Hejaz and this another, with or without excuse, great province, the seal of his cam- the Ikhwan have raided Kuwait paigns, for Hejaz included within caravans, have plundered Kuwait its borders the holy cities of Mecca shepherds, have massacred and terand Medina, was added to his do- rorized, all through the past nine minions. years. It has come to actual war twice and Great Britain has inter- All of this empire had been won fered but with only temporary reto Ibn Saud through the might of lief in each case. Kuwait is a semihis army of fanatics. Without them independent Arab state guaranteed Ibn Saud would be merely one more by Great Britain. Ibn Saud knows Arab Sheikh and the world would VIEW OF MISSION COMPOUND, AT KUWAIT, FROM THE BEACH never have heard of him. If re- this, of course, and whenever he is port runs true, the Ikhwan have called to account by the suzerain been at pains to remind him of power, he either makes the eXCUl';e this, occasionally, when they and that the Ikhwan for the time being he did not see eye to eye. And got out of control or he has what now Ibn Saud finds himself in the he considers to be a sufficient pretraditional position of Alexander, text for what he has done ;and sighing for more worlds to con- proceeds to present a counter quer. His army chafes under inac- grievance. On January 21st last, tion; it ever longs to be on the war- a party of the Ikhwan attacked path and so it is constantly raiding two motor cars in which some here and there, now on the borders Americans were traveling from of Transjordania, now on the bor- Basrah to Kuwait. Henry Bilkert ders of Iraq, now in the territory of the Arabian Mission of the Reof Kuwait. (It is said that Ibn formed Church of America was Saud does not want these raids hit and died within an hour.

which only make complications be- If either or both of the cars had

been disabled, the entire party Palgrave is doomed. Early in De- would doubtless have been massa- cember, 1928, two motor cars, trav- cred. Fortunately however, the eled from Riadh to Hasa in two cars succeeded in getting away. It days! The distance must be some remains to be seen what Ibn Saud 250 miles. From now on, the Arab will say about this, and while his will have to divide his distances by ability to control the Ikhwan may ten, and Arabia will shrink. The be a matter of opinion, it is hard Bedou will be forced to readjust to believe that Ibn Saud has never his ideas of time and space and been able to prevent his men from learn, as Einstein is trying to teach harassing Kuwait. When a course us, that everything in this world of action is persisted in more or is relative, and nothing is absolute.

less energetically, for years, one The aeroplane may have its short- cannot help suspecting a deliberate comings as a fighting machine and and studied policy. Moreover, it is the Arab has been marvellously difficult to reconcile Ibn Saud's quick to realize these shortcomings enormous power over his men with but the aeroplane as a means of chronic disobedience. It seems al- conquering the deserts of Arabia most impo'ssible to believe that Ibn is unrivaled and is destined to Saud is helpless and cannot con- achieve ever greater .and greater trol the situation. victories. The giant type of dirigi- Once again, and one wonders if ble balloon has not yet been even it is to be for the last time in the tried in Arabia, but in all proba- history of the world, we have the bility, it will be sailing across the spectacle of an army committing desert before many years are past.

every crime in the decalogue, in There remain the wireless tele- the name of the Lord of Hosts. If graph, telephone and radio which ever an army was sincere, these can defy the wildest Arab, who Ikhwan are sincere, just as much indeed is powerless to stay the pas- so as were Godfrey de Bouillon's sage of those marvellous impulses Crusaders, or Cromwell's Iron- through his territory. The recent sides. These fanatical Arabs hon- evacuation of the Europeans from estly believe that they are doing Kabul, Afghanistan, has been a God service. It was hinted above lesson on the efficacy of the aero- that as the Arab has been for cen- plane and wireless when they work turies so he is today, or more ac- together. In the process of time, curately, so he was yesterday. Arabia must inevitably take her Perhaps, after all, the Arab will place in the world. There is no be compelled to modify his attitude help for it.

towards the rest of the world. His Is Arabia of importance in the old ally, transportation, is desert- world's councils? How much is ing him and going over to the en- Arabia's influence worth? To an- emy. The camel and the horse will swer these questions, it is only nec- inevitably surrender to the motor essary to remember that Arabia car as that piece of mechanism be- is the center of Islam, the religion comes better and better adapted of the prophet of Mecca. Islam to the desert. When the nomad of was born in Arabia. The Koran is Arabia has lost his mobility he will an Arabic book. Islam is an Ara- have lost his most powerful weap- bic religion. Every time a Muslim on. The Arabia of Doughty and prays he prays in the Arabic lan-

ARABIA APPROACHES THE CROSS ROADS

guage, even though that language to do great things in the realms of be a foreign tongue to him. Every the temporal. Harrison and Dame time a Muslim prays he turns his have proved that even the Ikhwan face in the direction of Mecca. can recognize the spiritual worth Finally, every Muslim hopes to be of the Christian and that the misable some day to make the pilgrim- sionary can match their fanaticism age and visit Mecca in person. In of exclusiveness with the fanatiother words, Islam centers round cism of service. The one thing the Arabia its heart and soul. In so individualistic Arab needs to learn far as we Christians can influence is the Christian meaning of the Arabia, we can influence to the word "Brotherhood" with its gossame extent the 235,000,000 that pel of service and love of neighbor.

DR. MYLREA AND AN ARAB PATIENT make up the exceeding great army He needs to learn the .great truth of Muslims. But Arabia is still that Christ taught, namely that the "Neglected Arabia." The Red Sea world is his neighbor, irrespective and the South Coast are still un- of race, or color, or religion. He occupied with the exception of needs to know that God is love and Aden. Only the Persian Gulf side that man too should be–Iove. God is being at all evangelized. grant that the Ikhwan may soon Will the Arab be willing to learn realize that their system is out of from the Christian? The answer date, that God is not the particular is almost certainly in the affirma- patron of a narrow sect, but that tive. The Arab, being a man him- He is the Lord and Father of man- self, recognizes a man when he sees kind, who wishes only that men one. Lawrence and Leachman, may turn from their wickedness Shakespear and Philby, have all and live. For which cause we bow proved that the Arab can be taught our knees in prayer to God.

OUR RURAL

"B BY REV. CLARENCE A. SHAKE, Evansville, Indiana LUE GRASS" is an open- homes. So now we are facing a country circuit in southern completely new problem. But up Indiana, Evansville dis- to this time our problem has been trict, Indiana conference. It con- strictly rural and with folk ensists of four churches, all situated gaged only in agricultural inter- in the open country-not even a ests. village as a setting for anyone of Intellectually these folk have the four with parsonage eight· been about average rural folk. miles from the nearest town. The When we came here nine years pastor goes eight miles for his gro- ago there were but two college ceries and mail is delivered from graduates in the entire constituthe same distance. Three of these ency. One entire township still churches are just the ordinary one- clings to the antiquated one-room room, frame church building such school buildings. English and as can be duplicated most any- Scotch extraction-small appreciawhere in the open country. One tion of the aesthetic-good livers, of them is a brick· structure with not wealthy but all owning their a Sunday-school room in addition farms which are handed down from to the auditorium. father to son–complacent, reli- This parish is about fifteen miles gious, according to the customs of long by about ten miles wide. their fathers-limited outlook up- There are no other churches in this on life-satisfied. area, although six churches of oth- They had a very fine crop of er denominations are on the edges rural America's finest product- of this parish. boys and girls-and these were not This is purely an agricultural as satisfied as were dad and moth- constituency – grain and dairy er: The city lights, from 10 to 20 farming claiming the entire inter- miles away, were very attractive to est of the community-or rather the younger generation. Dad and communities, for there are four mother realized that unless they distinct communities. Just now we did something to counteract the in- are beginning to feel the coming fluence of the city, their boys and of a new problem, for a concrete girls would soon be drawn into it.

highway right through the heart About this time the Centenary of this parish and leading to Evans- movement began. The district ville, is opening this up to that superintendent saw the opportugroup of folk who want to work nity here for a project, suggested it in the city and live in the country. to them and found the folk willing These people have built, at their to undertake it. So the project own expense, some ten miles of began in 1919. electric light line and have given When we came we found reliit to the light company in Evans- gion being interpreted as a thing ville that they might have service. apart from life instead of a part This line makes electricity avail- of life with an annual revival as able to some seventy-five farm the sole program of the Church.

266

ATTACKING OUR RURAL PROBLEM

We began to preach a social gos- claimed a second such medal. Pur- pel, not neglecting the gospel of due University has now given out the inner life. We have tried to four such gold medals and Mr.

keep a sane balance between reli- Riggs holds three of them. In gion of conduct and religion of 1925 the American Jersey Cattle character not offering either as a Club selected the 1925 gold-medal substitute for the other. We tried herd of Mr. Riggs to be their of- to interpret religion in terms of ficial exhibit at the International life and to make our program meet Cattle Show held at Indianapolis.

the needs of the immediate situa- In 1926 Ray Clutter (our church tion instead of some time-honored treasurer) won the grand reserve custom. championship on single-ear exhibit We made our program to cover at the International Corn Show.

every phase of life for which there When asked by an agricultural pa- was an evident need of leadership per to give the secret of raising and for which no other agency was championship corn, he replied: offering guidance. Our program "There were three factors that en- dealt with economic improvement, tered into the raising of this corn: educational . advancement, social First, the church that furnished . and recreational expression, cul- inspiration 'that whatever is worth tural growth, community develop- doing is worth doing well, and that ment and a more efficient church life consists in giving one's best in school. whatever enterprise we are en- In some of these we assumed di- gaged'; second, the county agent rect leadership, in others-the who furnished the information; agricultural improvement – we and third, my wife who furnished merely sponsored movements look- the encouragement when I grew ing to improved methods and discouraged."

encouraged advancement either di- In Boys' and Girls' Club work rectly or indirectly. (4-H Clubs) we have a number of Some Results state winners. Laura McCutchan, state champion in canning; Har- In agriculture our community riet McCutchan, twice state cham- has given more and more attention pion in canning; Martha Riggs, to dairy farming until today they state champion in baking; Agnes are one of the outstanding dairy Hilliard, twice second in state; sections of Indiana. From breed- Alice Schnurr, most perfect girl ers of scrub stock they are known in state in health contest; the next now throughout the middle west year Henrietta Peck, another of as breeders of pure-bred Jerseys. our girls, carried off the same hon- Our Sunday-school superintendent or for the state; three of our girls had the first gold medal herd in have twice won the state champion- Indiana. For eight years the state ship in demonstration work.

agricultural college (Purdue) had Last May (1928) we held an offered a gold medal to the dairy Achievement Banquet at which we farmer whose herd would meet cer- presented as the achievements in tain standards. In eight years no the last nine years, 12 girls who herd had ever qualified. In 1925 had won 13 Firsts and six Seconds Richard Riggs, (our S. S. Supt.) in state contests in various phases claimed the medal and in 1927 he of 4-H Club work. Also eight men

and boys who had placed First or geants of various types, both at Second in fifteen state contests; a home and away from home. In basketball squad that had won the 1926 we organized two orchestras championship in a league of 29 of about 30 instruments each (and teams two years in succession; an out of the 60 only two had ever eighth grade boy who lacked one played an· instrument), in 1927 point of winning highest honors in this combined orchestra was in- Indiana in eighth grade examina- vited to play before a conference tions. Over a period of nine years on church music. We have con- time 81 % of our boys and girls ducted lyceum lecture courses; have gone to high school (in a singing schools; music clubs; con- country where the average is certs, programs of various types.

50ro); 65ro have gone to college; In community development we and 86 % of all boys and girls above have built seventeen miles of con- 12 years of age are affiliated with crete, 25 miles of rock road in the the Church. We have had, or now last nine years; ten miles of elec- have, in all sixty-eight of our young tric light line through this rural people in the various colleges and section; a number of homes, land- universities of the country. scaping their grounds; church In recreation we have tried to grounds landscaped and fOUndation'

give adequate outlet for recrea- plantings; general improvement tional activities through super- in appearance and convenience of vised Saturday afternoon play- homes; from one to four autos to ground; and through athletics each family; several radios in use.

conducted in our Community Hall Hold Farmers' Institutes; held (built in 1920 at cost of $17,000). one Farmers' Short Course; have Basketball seems to be the most one of the biggest community fairs continuous and satisfactory form in Indiana; payout from $1,500 of recreation. We have had from to $2,000 each year in premiums; three to ten basketball teams each community will tackle almost anyseason for the past eight years. thing that comes along (exceilt ~n Usually we have three or four rep- adequate school system). Haven't resentative teams. Last year our yet convinced them that their sys- "Class A" team won the champion- tem is inadequate.

ship of the Evansville Sunday- Graded three Sunday schools school Basketball League with with splendid primary depart- twenty-nine teams entered. This ments in two of them. Have taken team lost but one game in the en- 160 of our young people into the tire season. Our "Class B" team Church; three young men entered .

was a close second for honors in the ministry without even a sug- their division. gestion on my part-one of them, Our cultural program covers a a college graduate, was licensed in wide range of interests: May, 1926, and is now completing In pageantry: our young people theological course at Garrett this were invited to put on an evening month; has worked out his mas- of pageantry at our Epworth ter's degree and will have s'ome League Institute (1,200 enrolled) credits on his doctor's degree by and we took 55 of them 120 miles June 28; a second is a junior in to put on four Biblical pageants. college; a third is a senior in high We have given a number of pa- school.

OF BENGAL, INDIA-WOR'l'H WINNING TO

CHRISTIAN INFLUENCES IN INDIA BY REV. JUDSON T. PERKINS, Hyderabad, Deccan, India Missionary of the Methodist l1'piscopa·l Ohurch T HE thinking of India has be- These Scriptures often carry come. honeycombed wit h their message where the preacher Christian teaching. In talk- cannot go. I once sold a Scripture ing with the people in the shops, portion to a boy in a bazaar. In the office, on trains, and at railway the evening as I was going through stations one realizes that the re- another village on my way home ligion of Jesus Christ has spread I chanced to see this same boy sit- far beyond the bounds of the mis- ting in a doorway reading aloud sion compounds. from the book. Inside of the house The Bible (in whole or in part) I could see several women sitting is the most widely read book in on the floor, listening and outside India. It is now available in some were several men and boys also fifty languages and dialects and listening. This is what generally during the four years of 1924-1927 . happens.

the Methodist Episcopal Church I once met a young Brahmin law- alone sold and distributed in India yer on the train, who told me of 5,523 Bibles, 12,691 New Testa- having heard his father read the ments and 1,561,390 portions of Bible when he was a small boy.

Scripture and circulated 8,662,271 His father had long since died and Christian tracts. Other churches that copy of the Bible had disap- are no doubt doing as much or peared, but said he "I have often more. thought of what I heard and have 269

determined to secure a copy for Coupled with this is lantern lecture myself." Subsequently he came and singing parties. These with and purchased aNew Testament. the regular organized church serv- There are the mission schools ices form what may be called the scattered all over India, from the mass appeal. The individual ap- little village night or day school to peal is carried in house to house the colleges where Scripture teach- visitation. The individual or per- ing is given. sonal work may be done through Many a conversion has been defi- consultation in connection with the nitely traced to the Christian mass appeal. During the last two teaching received in these schools, and one half years I have had much one of the most prominent of these opportunity to do this very thing is the conversion of Sadhu Sunder among Moslems. One has already Singh. been baptized and another will be Many men have told me with ev- baptized within a few days.

ident pride that they had been edu- The man who is to be baptized cated in a mission school and were was a born "Miskeen" or Moslem glad of the Christian teaching they beggar. His father and mother had received. Some years ago a were beggars and he had never Brahmin 'Government official told done anything during all his 25 or me that he had received his B.A. 30 years but beg. He came to me, degree in Hislop College, Nag- not to beg, but to ask the way of pur. He said in substance "You salvation. Somewhere he had missionaries should not be discour- heard of Christ. One foot was aged because of the small number bandaged and I asked what had of converts from among the stu- happened. He told me that he had dents. I know positively that when cut it on a piece of glass. After I was in college practically every giving him some ointment and student, both Hindu and Moslem bandaging it he turned to me and became a secret follower of Christ." said, "You are the first. one who The part medical work has had has asked me how I hurt my foot."

in the spreading of the Gospel may I told him to stop begging and go be hard to gauge. It is certain that to work. He agreed to this. Then it has broken down prejudice and I found that he used opium and opened the way for a more direct told him that too must be given up appeal. I have found opposition if he was to become a Christian.

to the Christian message complete- He promised to try. He has come ly broken down after one or two several times since then and is visits of some of our medical staff. proud of the fact that he has found Most mission hospitals and dispen- work as a coolie at sixteen cents saries have trained evangelists who a day and has completely given up give Scripture teaching to all who the use of opium. He says "I be- visit the hospital. What has been lieve in Christ. He is my Saviour.

done and is being done in this di- Please baptize me so that all will rection has a large place in the know I am a Christian."

Bpread of ChriBtianity. ChriBtian miBsionaries have al- Direct evangelistic work is car- ways done more or less of social ried on in several ways. Street or service and it has been worth open air preaching is one of the While. Many non-Christian organ- commonest forms of this work. izations are c los ely imitating

CHRISTIAN INFLUENCES IN INDIA

Christian methods. During the bu- er, asked me to sit beside him on bonic plague epidemic early last his rug, took my right hand and year, a wealthy Hindu turned his placing it on his head said "Pray movie theatre into a plague hos- for God's blessing to come on me pital and ran it under the name of for you have the truth. We have "The Social Service League." He not. Only Christ can save."

was in reality the whole league Recently we baptized a Moslem though he had a lot of voluntary who told me that he was not led Christian and a few Hindu paid to become a Christian by, reading helpers. Time and again plague the Bible but by the kindly treat- patients, both Hindus and Mos- ment of European superior officers.

lems, told me that it was Christ While traveling on the train one who made the many Christians day I was led to give my testimony help. But said they, "There is as to how I became a Christian.

nothing in our religion to cause A young Moslem engineer who our own people to help us. We heard my testimony told me that would die if it was not for you he had searched in every sect of Christians. " his religion for the experience of Recently .I baptized a Moslem forgiveness from sin. He further convert who was a graduate of the said, "Your religion has given that Moslem University at Aligarh. He experience to you. Mine has not said that his desire to become a given it to me; yours must be true; Christian had become more firm mine false, for I have never heard as a result of his studies there such a testimony before." While where the whole emphasis is on the he talked, an old red-bearded Haji religion of Islam and definitely who had made the pilgrimage to anti -Christian. Mecca nodded his head and said: Some one may ask what mes- "True, true, it is true."

sage there is in the Gospel which The greatest appeal of the Chris- leads a Hindu or Moslem to ex- tian message comes when the non- change the religion of his birth for Christian who knows the teachings faith in Christ. In talking with a of Christ, sees those teachings Moslem Government official he sud- lived out in the lives of those who denly turned to me and said, in ef- profess to be Christ's followers. If fect: "Your religion is based on only the professing Christians in righteousness, justice, and truth. India-European, American, An- This has long since departed from glo-Indian and Indian-would live our religion." Another day, on the Christ day by day, India's millions train, an educated Brahmin, learn- would soon be won for Christ. Let ing that I was a Christian preach- us do it for Christ's sake.

"0 God who hast made us incurably incomplete without Thee, and hast set the thirst for communion with Thee deep within our hearts, teach us to pray! Forgive the old selfish prayer of the past! Give us a great love for thy will, even where it conflicts with our dearest desires! Center all our desires upon Thee, and grant us that poise of soul which comes from putting Thy will first in all things! Through Him by whom all true prayer approaches to Thy mercy-seat, Jesus Christ our Lord! Amen."-S. M. Shoemaker, Jr.

INDIAN STUDENT'S

BY DEVATALA GABRIEL, Jubbulpore, India A Student in the Methodi8t Theological College at Jubbulpore AT THE invitation of the Rev. had a two-catch game for a few f i John Patterson, I went over minutes. Soon the other children followed his example and entered to Vikarabad to spend my into the play. That evening the vacation in one of the villages, put- children learned how to handle the ting into practice what I had learn- ball and the next day all came runed in our Methodist Theological ning to me without my calling College at Jubbulpore. I took the them. The high-caste people felt necessary implements to run a the ball to see whether it was hard school, such as slates, Telugu ver- or soft and then without distincnacular readers, a blackboard, a tion joined in the game. Some days hurricane lantern, soap, pieces of I taught the children games with cardboard, and a new volley ball. this ball, other days we played In- dian games or had competitions in I was located in a village called sports. Games are a means to get Thummalapelli which is twenty- village children interested in school five miles from Vikarabad. The work for them. name of the village, Thummalapelli, comes from thumma, a kind Village Sanitation. My courses of thorny tree with a big trunk, in science and village problems and pelli meaning a village. The helped me to put into practice whole village was once a forest, principles of sanitation. The viland it is still surrounded by these lagers pay little heed to keeping trees.

I entered this village with the their surroundings or themselves new volley ball well inflated in clean. In this village of Thum- order to get acquainted with the malapelli, in front of or behind boys and girls. To these villagers every house there was a manure my volley ball was one of the latest pile which is a breeding place for wonders of the modern world. As every kind of disease. No wonder I walked from house to house with that these poor villagers suffer the ball under my arm in search of every year from small pox, cholera, the children, men and women all malaria, plague, etc. Every day stood wonderstruck and asked: during my stay I advised the wom- "Panthuloo (teacher), is that a city en to clean their houses within and pumpkin?" without. As they were very slow At first I had a difficult time to to follow any advice, the village get these children to play. They school children and myself took could not believe that the ball was brooms and swept the lanes and harmless. The nearer I-came the the court yards. The women felt farther away they backed. In the ashamed, and said that it was the crowd there was a stout chap whom duty of the women and not of the I hit playfully with the ball so that men to keep houses clean. From he learned that it was light and that day the good women began to harmless. He ventured to throw keep their houses and surround- the ball back to me, and thus we ings clean.

272 Next I taught them to keep their Buchanna and told him to put them drinking water clean. The well in the well to purify the water.

from which these villagers get their Medical Aid. Dr. Hugh H. Linn water is shallow and exposed to of Vikarabad gave me free of every kind of contamination from charge tablets of six different kinds cows, bulls, buffaloes, donkeys, and for the most common ailments.

other animals that leave germs of Every morning and evening when diseases in the water. The people I visited each house in the Chris- themselves wash their clothes and tian community, they mistook me bathe in the same water. I told to be a great physician and when this to Mr. Pitta Buchanna, the I asked their well-being, they com- head of our Christian community plained about their diseases. How and can still picture his horrified I wished I were a physician to expression. He replied: "Pan- rightly diagnose their cases! Dr.

thuloo, our people are foolish; Linn's tablets rendered much won- they. do not use their brains, they derful service. A young man who are not beasts to act like that but had suffered from sore throat and they are men and they must seek cold, after taking one of the pills the benefit of. the community. To- said that it seemed as if a heavy morrow I will gather all these fel- stone was rolled away from lUs lows and tell them strictly not to head. He believed in the power of allow any beast or human being to the white man's medicine which he pollute the water." promptly recommended to his fel- The next evening, as I was hold- low men.

ing my school, Buchanna gathered Small pox spread from one of the men and women and asked the villages into Thummalapelli them to keep an eye on the well. and attacked adults and children.

Then he beckoned to me and asked Miss Simonds and Miss Morgan me to tell them the danger of pol- visited my village and saw the ter- luting drinking water, and how rible ravages of the disease. Dr.

they reap the consequences in the Linn and another worker came form of cholera, skin diseases, with serum for vaccination. The worms and other evils. I pointed Chevrolet in wh'ich they arrived out how they could keep the well was another wonder of the world from contammation by a fence, by to these villagers. Dr. Linn also prohibiting the people from wash- brought his gramophone and it at- ing, bathing and throwing refuse tracted a great crowd. Some of into the well, and by not allowing the high caste people were vac- cattle to go near. They confessed cinated with the depressed classes their ignorance and said that no making a total of two hundred and one had ever instructed them in three. This was the largest num- this manner. The men at once took ber that Dr. Linn had ever vac- an oath to try their best to keep cinated in one village.

the well from pollution and passed, The Village School. I was told a resolution that whoever is found to teach the village children to read guilty of contaminating the water by the direct method, which is prev- in any manner must be fined. At alent in Vikarabad district. It the time of my departure I gave a seemed to me as if I were building handful of potassium perman- a house without foundation, which ganate tablets into the hands of needed alphabet teaching in a lan- 3

MR. GABRIEL'S VILLAGE· SCHOOL He is to the left and wears a black headdress. In this first picture is a typical group of Deccan Telugus with their Pallthulloo and the Christian community headman,Bueba.nnn, wearing cap and white turban respectively. 'The children in the first two rows are the "scholars" of Thummalapelli village.

guage, like Telugu which has fifty- carefully observed the characters six letters, each letter capable of and when I asked them what the assuming different forms. At last words were, most of them correctly I said to myself, "Let me take the read the words. Then I held out new road and l1nd out where it another piece of cardboard and leads." read for them the words two or three times; they easily repeated Pieces of cardboard were given them, and read correctly upon my to me upon which were written the questioning them. I gave them words of an interesting story for practice upon each section and in children. It had eight parts and I three weeks to my great surprise was asked to teach the whole story they had learned the whole story. within a month. Every night the parents and rela- tives used to sit behind their chil- On the first day, I related the dren and watch the teaching. whole story, using the methods I When they saw their children readwas taught in the story-telling class ing what was written on the cards in the Seminary. The children they were thunderstruck. I heard were very much interested in this some one saying, "This is magic." story of "A Little Chick" for which When these children missed readthey had admiration and sym- ing the words correctly, the adults pathy. Next I held out a piece of advised me to beat them, but I cardboard before them, and read the words written on it. They very

AN INDIAN STUDENT'S VACATION

politely declined. The new method to hold my school, but a generous which I had once despised helped lady permitted me to hold night very much in my village school. school in her courtyard. Thus I had the night school in the open air There were fifteen children in and the day school under cool shady my school; nine were from six to trees. I boarded with my parents twelve years and the rest below six. who live two and half miles from Nine children never missed even this village and I had to walk daily one day (except one girl who left five miles in the hot sun. The vilthat village during my last days lagers saw this and asked me, there) . Among these nine there "Panthuloo, why don't you stay in were four boys and five girls. our village?" I said, "I have no When I told them that their photo- house even to hold school for your graph was to be taken they washed children; in whose house shall I their faces, hands and feet with the stay?" Buchanna saw the need soap and combed their hair. Some and showed the people the need for put on their village best and others a schoolhouse. He set them an nature's own costume. These boys example by doing his part. He and girls learned a dozen Christian brought some wooden beams and lyrics and Bible stories; they love the rest followed his example. Like to sing and tell stories of Christ. the Jews of the ancient time, some In the competitions in story tell- brought stones, some hay for roof, ing, reading, singing and reciting others volunteered to do carpentry Bible verses, the girls showed their work; others masonry in building superior mental ability and put the walls, and the women helped in boys to shame. what ways they could. Within a week they built a model village A Community Centre. I had no hut or house in the village in which BUCHANNA (third from the right) WITH HIS HOUSEHOLD, MR. GABRIEL, AND A FRIEND

Christian community centre house ical hunger. Then they presented accommodating thirty people. To- Christ the giver of eternal life and wards the close of my work this wealth. In the darkness of his house was completed and they were spiritual life, he felt the hand of happy because they thought that I Christ and believed on Him. He would live there and teach them did not hide the light within him, for some years. I said to them but went home and told about that in case I went away the mis- Christ to his parents and family. sionary would send another young They too believed and were bap- Panthuloo. I called Buchanna pri- tized in the name of Jesus Christ. vately and told him that as the Henceforth they received the minhead of the Christian community it isters of Christ into their house, was his duty to gather all the chil- set before them food, and gave dren and adults on every Sunday thank-oiferings to God freely. Now and hold a service for them in that their house is open to every Chriscommunity centre house and make tian. They broke the barriers of the best possible use of it. Though old Hindu customs and gave up Buchanna is illiterate he is not strong drink. Three of their chilwholly ignorant; he can think and dren are in our boarding school at reason well. He has the secret of Vikarabad and their eldest daughinfluencing and winning the favor ter was married recently to one of of the rest of the community and our Christian boys, and the young is therefore a leading man in every couple are happy in a Christian respect. Many a time he testified home. Even after they became to the Christ of his experiences be- Christians they were not free from fore educated Christians. He has troubles; their crops failed on acthat capacity for preaching ser- count of scanty rain fall, very remons of Christ to his fellow men cently one of Buchanna's youngest and so he promised to keep the daughters died of small pox. Seecharge. ing all these misfortunes befalling him, people remarked, "See you The Conversion of Buchanna. In have become a Christian and thereconclusion let me tell you some- fore you are having all these thing of the conversion of this troubles," and the good-hearted Buchanna and his family. Buchanna answered them, "Let anything happen ! as for me and A decade ago Buchanna and his my family, we will never forsake family were staunch Hindus who Christ; and we do believe that He observed Hindu customs to the let- too will never leave us because He ter, and despisep Christianity and has a strong grip on our hand. its adherents. Though he was a Therefore nothing can separate us man of substance, trouble arose be- from the love of Christ." May tween him and the village head- God bless his family and use them man in connection with land which as real shining Christians for the was taken away from him unlaw- glory of His Kingdom. fully. He spent hundreds of rupees to get back this lost property but By words and works we can but touch without success. He went to the a few; by our prayers we may benefit village authorities but they could the whole world, and every individual, not do anything. Lastly he ap- high and low, friend, stranger, and enproached our Christian people who emy. received him and satisfied his phys- J. H. Newman.

"DAR NAAMA," ALGIERS-MISS TROTTER'S R001ll WITH OPEN

LILIAS TROTTER OF ALGIERS* BY ISABELLE IlIAY O N THE wall of the long nar- mission household, but for all the row Arab room in Algiers, missionaries of the district and for where Miss Trotter was con- many visitors from regions beyond, fined by illness for the last four who stopped for a day or more on years of her life, were written their way to and from the homethese lines: lands. They found their way to the suburb of EI Biar and to the For while the tired waves, slowly break- little door in the long gray wall ing, under the tall cypress tree that marks the entrance to the rambling Seem here no painful inch to gain, gardens of Dar Naama (House of For back, through creeks and channels Grace). 'l'his is an old Arab pi- rate's palace which was given to making, Miss Trotter some years ago and Comes, silent, flooding in, the main. which has become the headquarters of the Algiers Mission Band. They express the faith and vision which prevented that room Those verses tell the expectation from being, what it might have that filled Miss Trotter's heart with seemed to many, the prison cell of hope during forty years of her misan active spirit, .and made it in- sionary service in Algeria. They stead the center of life and inspi- tell also of the long years of paration not only for her large It'';;.f • Miss Trotter, who went out to Africa In ell asleep iii Christ on the 27th of last 277

tient endurance and slow, persist- heavens." God in His faithfulness ent effort by which that hope was marvelously answered that prayer, strengthened. Forty years ago not all at once but little by little, when Miss Trotter and her friends, until she could say: "the doors are Miss Hayworth and Miss Freeman, open, the hearts are open and first began their pioneer work, we wait and look for the open they did not go out to a well es- heavens." tablished mission and they were not welcomed either by the Arabs, This little mission band, comnor yet by the French, who were posed at first of a mere handful of the rulers of the country and who women driven from place to place by ill-concealed and often open op- LILIAS TROTTER IN HER YEARS OF position, has grown to a well or- ILLNESS ganized mission with committees in Europe and in the United States alone could give these women the and thirty-four men and women authority to preach and to distrib- workers on the field, with helpers ute the Word of God. The Arabs of four nationalities who are welconsidered them infidels to be comed by Arab men, women and shunned and hated, the French at children in seventeen outstations. first thought them spies to be In the cities and towns where the watched, if not driven out of the missionaries are settled they now country. These three ladies re- own most of the houses where they mained and followed the injunc- live and hold their classes for boys tion of the Lord to His apostles; and girls. There is also a conwhen rejected in one place, they stantly enlarging work of itineramoved on to another, content for tion in villages of the mountains awhile, with tents for shelter and and the plains and even in the camels for transportation. desert cities of the Sahara with· their hitherto unreached popula- In those early days Miss Trotter tions. It is in this itinerating that and her companions used to pray one is increasingly aware of the for "open doors, open hearts, open immense change of attitude in the hearts of the people. Nowadays it is no uncommon thing for the missionaries to come home with a car emptied of its load of Christian literature which has been given away and, with all the Scriptures, sold for what, to an Arab, repre- sents no small outlay of money. Truly the "doors are open" and the "hearts are open."

There is response to the preach- ing of Jesus Christ, the Son of God as the Saviour of the world and of this and that Arab soul in particu- lar. A few even openly confess Him, although among these people the acceptance of Christ is consid- ered a cursed thing, deserving pun-

LILIAS TROTTER OF ALGIERS

ishment by death. Any open stand seemed to delight, and also of the for Christ means the willingness events of the day, small and great. and often the necessity to part with all that has been held most dear Three outstanding quailities in and sacred. We cannot wonder be- her character might be mentioned: cause hitherto the open response her hospitality, her understanding has been comparatively meagre. of young people, and her practical It behooves us to continue in pray- spirituality. We had an abundant er that in very deed the "heavens share of her hospitality and saw may be opened" for the Holy Spir- it exercised toward many others. it alone can bring to a Moham- She lived in an old Arab house of medan or any other heart a some fifty-five rooms which lent conviction of its need of a Saviour itself to such a virtue, but her who is Christ the Lord. heart was bigger than her house imd it was not only the quantity SOME ALGIERIAN CHILDR!'lN WON BY THE MISSION BAND Miss Trotter died "in faith, not but the quality of her hospitality having received the promises" for that was so striking. When a her dear Arabs but having seen friend was taken acutely ill in a them and greeted them from afar. hotel in Algiers and considered go- For herself she richly entered into ing to the English hospital there, the fulfillment of God's promises. Miss Trotter entreated this friend Noone could enter her room, which to come and be nursed in her home. she never left during the last four years, without being conscious of How few people of advancing her radiant presence and of God's years can keep in touch with young presence within her. Miss Trotter people, especially in these days kept to the last a broad and sym- when standards and ideas seem to pathetic outlook on life and talked change over night! There again of many things, not only of God and His work but of the flowers Miss Trotter excelled. Perhaps she of the fields, unusually varied in did not follow or even know about North Mrica, and in which she the latest trend of thought among them but she knew that young mis- sionaries needed recreation from

confining tasks, constant confidence cal and dared to face facts. She in their desire to serve their Lord, absolutely refused to have anything despite temporary clouds of home- written about her work that might sickness and discouragement, and, give a false impression as to reabove all, loving understanding of heart and these she gave to them sults. Near the close of her life in amazing abundance. on earth she said, "we are now looking for the open heavens," feel- As for the last trait, it has ever ing that this crowning of faithful marked the saints of God. Miss labor must soon come. Trotter had it in no small degree. She was essentially spiritual. No No one has taken Miss Trotter's one could see visions and dream place. "There came a man sent dreams better than Miss Trotter. from God" may be said of many a She inspired others in that line. man and woman whom God has Yet she was also intensely practi- sent out to prepare His way among the nations.

A THIRSTY LAND AND GOD'S CHANNELS * A Parable by Miss Trotter I N OUR northern lands a water- that cluster among the cliffs and course shews out as the richest bastions, where the plateau breaks green of the meadowland, brok- down to the desert. Trace the gully en by a ripple and a glimmer and upwards till it is but a trench, and a glitter through reeds and ferns you will probably find that it starts and moss. with a scooped-out hollow in the gravel, no more than a couple of Not such are the African water- feet across, holding a pool that courses and not such are God's shews a bubble now and then. In counterparts in the spiritual king- that pool lies the source of life for dom. Out here you can detect the the oasis below. Will it win its channel by the clue that it will be way? the barest of bare places-sunbleached rounded stones, stretch- ·The water begins by grooving ing across a plain, or a deep-cut that trench at the lowest level that gully, winding among the table- it can find, and it seeks all the time lands that bound the Sahara to the to make that level lower still. Gennorth. The nearer the time of the tly it chisels and undermines, first water floods among the hills, the more sterile they will look. "I will on one side of its bed, then on the cause the rain to come down in other, carrying away all the soil his season," that is the promise: that it loosens. And as the stream the season for that outpouring is works downward and ever downwhen the apricot color of the dried- ward, the flow grows stronger, reup grass has faded to yellow gray ceiving fresh infilling by little under the summer scorching. rivulets from the heights above, and these supplies only serve to But summer and winter you will lower the depth of the chasm. see in those barren waterways a supply going down to the oases Further on the chasm becomes a gorge; the cliffs that it has hewn • From the A. M. B. magazine, The Thir8tV asunder stand back, and the stream Land. suddenly finds a cluster of young

A THIRSTY LAND AND GOD'S CHANNELS

ONE OF MISS TRO~'~'ER'S SKETCIIES-OUED SOUl" OASES palm trees on its shore, then an- Have we read the lesson as we other and another. A few hundred went along, as the Arab children yards more, and the watercourse do when we tell them a story? If has reached the meaning of the God has brought us inwardly by lonely path, the stripping bare, the that path of the water courses, it ever deepening emptiness. For the will need no explanation. last sweep has sent it forth into the glory of its mission. Away But others there may be, to beyond stretch thousands upon whom it will be a new view of the thousands of palm trees, waiting meaning of being "channels only" -words sung so easily and with for the treasure that it has brought so little thought of what may be down. The power of the water, involved. and the laying low of the channel -between them they have opened For many a one begins the quest this gateway. "Thou didst cleave for the Promise of the Father with the earth with Thy river.s." dim comprehension and mingled motives. Hopes lie in the direction Even now the waterway is as of becoming successful workers, bare as ever; it has widened into always going about with a satisa bed of shingle, holding a stream factory sense of capacity for any that hardly needs stepping stones task, and of fitness for any rewhereby to cross it, for it has been sponsibility, any emergency. "All tapped farther up in the gorge for that would be very delightful," as the supply of the higher slopes of Bishop Wilkinson said once, "only the palm gardens, and here, below, it i~ not God's way." Instead of it sinks under the earthen banks being a life of conscious power, it and vitalises the lower stretches. will probably, if He is going to do When the oasis is left behind, the any deep work in us, be a path of water and its channel vanish to- humiliation, of stripping, of emptigether: no trace can be seen of ness, where no flesh may glory in one or of the other in the waste His presence. beyond-only the work that they have wrought remains. For the way of God with us is as the way of the water courses.

MISSION

SOME interesting and impor- Darby Fulton, Miss Anna V. Rice, tant trends noted and actions and Mrs. F. I. Johnson. taken at the Foreign Missions Conference last January, are noted *** in the Conference Bulletin: The American members of the "Foreign Mission Giving During Committee of the International the Last Twenty-five Years," shows Missionary Council are Dr. Ralph that although the contributions for church work have rapidly increased E. Diffendorfer, Dr. James H. in the last ten years, most of this Franklin, Miss Helen B. Calder, increase has gone into church Mrs. Thomas Nicholson, Hon. Newbuilding in this country and the ton W. Rowell, Prof. K. S. Latouramount of giving for foreign mis- ette and Dr. Robert E. Speer. sion work has actually fallen off in the last five or six years. * * '"

*** The Committee of the Interna- tional Missionary Council is to The number of foreign mission- meet in Williamstown next July ary candidates being recruited is and will make a special study of far below that of former years. the financial support of indigenous College students are raising many questions about the administration churches. Inquiries will be sent of missions and the wisdom and to the secretaries of the North American mission boards and it is hoped that they will cooperate fully in making this a fruitful study.

advisability of carrying our re- '" * '" ligion to other countries. The theological colleges in Great *** Britian are showing a deep inter- The officers of the Foreign Mis- est in the statement of the Chrissions Conference for 1930 are Miss Helen B. Calder, Chairman; Dr. tian Message ado pte d by the E. W. Smith, First Vice-Chairman; Jerusalem meeting and a call has Dr. D. R. Drummond, Second Vice- been issued by the Archbishop of Chairman; Mr. Leslie B. Moss, York for a conference of represent- Mr. Milton T. Stauffer, Secretaries; atives of these theological faculties Dr. George E. Epp, Recording Sec- to be held in York on April 2 and retary; Mr. James M. Speers, 3 to consider (1) The Modern Christian Apologetic; (2) The Treasurer; Mr. W. Henry Grant, Content and Method of Religious Mr. F. P. Turner, Honorary Sec- Education; and (3) The Relation retaries. of Christianity to Industrialism.

'" '" '" *** The new members of the Com- It was voted that the Missionary mittee of Reference and Counsel Research Library accept the hoselected are Dr. Mills J. Taylor, pitality of Union Theological Sem- Mrs. F. J. McConnell, Dr. H. E. inary, New York City, and be re- Stillwell, Dr. Robert E. Speer, Rev. moved to Broadway and 120th A. B. Parson, Dr. J. E. East, Dr. Street. It is expected that all es- John R. Mott, Dr. J. R. Edwards, sential elements in the present Rev. B. Willis Beede, Dr. E. F. service of the library will be con- Bell, Prof. K. S. Latourette, Dr. tinued in the new headquarters.

282

FOREIGN MISSION POINTERS

Resolutions: on China Famine Governments of the United States Relief-Cabled advice from the and of the Dominion of Canada. … … … National Christian Council of China confirms information re- Relationship with the Federation ceived from other quarters of the of Woman's Boards of Foreign grave famine situation confronting Missions: (1) An action authorlarge areas of China. While pre- izing election of the President of vented by constitutional provision the Woman's Federation as a memfrom endorsing any particular or- ber of the Committee of Reference ganization, we believe that the need and Counsel was approved. (2) of immediate relief is so urgent as That the following committees of to justify an appeal to the Ameri- the two organizations hold joint can public during the winter and meetings from time to time for the spring of 1929 to supplement the furtherance of cooperative plans efforts being made by the Chinese and activities: Home Cultivation, to meet the present emergency. Christian Literature, the Encour- … … … agement of Prayer, the Prepara- o n Int~rnational Treaties- tion of Missionaries, and Foreign Whereas four international treaties Students. … … …

have been referred by the Presi- dent of the United States to the The budget of $59,330 was Senate for its approval, namely- adopted including an item of $20,- 000 for the International Mission- The Convention Revising the Gen- ary Council. In addition to the regular budget approval was given eral Act of Berlin and the General to a contingent additional budget Act of Brussels, signed at St. Germain, September 10, 1919; the of $7,000 for the International Convention relating to the Liquor Missionary Council, expenditure Traffic in Africa, signed at St. Germain September 10, 1919; The to be made only as the necessary Convention on the International income is assured. Trade in Arms, signed at Geneva, … … …

June 17, 1925; and the Slavery The Home Mission Council has Convention, signed at Geneva, Sep- agreed to recommend that all detember 25, 1926, and Whereas these nominations observe a Rural Life treaties are important internation- Sunday each year on the Fifth Sunal agreements for the welfare of day after Easter. The Foreign the people in Africa and in other Missions Conference also recom- lands, and Whereas the Revising mends to the Boards that they Convention includes guarantees of bring to the attention of their con- religious liberty and missionary stituent communions the observ- freedom in Africa, therefore, re- ance of the day, that sermons be solved, that this Conference recom- preached on the theme of a Gospel mend to all the Boards that they for the millions of people in the give ear I y attention to these rural areas of the world, and that treaties with a view to the taking prayers be offered not only for the of such action as each Board may fruits of the soil, but also for the deem advisable in order to arouse husband-man himself, his wife and public opinion in support of the his household and for all rural life ratification of these treaties by the and work.

NATIONAL CHRISTIAN COUNCIL

INDIA AT MADRAS BY K. T. PAUL, Calcutta, India Indian National Oouncil of th_ Y. M. o. A.

n ./ MID a population of three hun- The Younger and Older Churches dred and twenty million, a It is significant that the term Christian community of five "Mission and Church" so familiar millions scattered over a sub-conti- through many decades was disnent may sound thin, but with all its defects the quality is out of all placed for a few years by "Send- ing and Receiving Churches," proportion to the quantity, an? it ~s well realized that the quantity IS which at Jerusalem, definitely gave place to the new term "The Youngincreasing at such a rapid rate that it is a continual fight to maintain er and Older Churches." The Christian Church is one and its the standard of quality. Furthermore, there are nearly five thou- different parts need the help of one sand missionaries and millions of another. The N. C. C. made an money come from abroad to sup- advance on Jerusalem in working port scores of colleges, thousands out the implications of it to definite of schools, numerous hospitals, and conclusions, as to the opportunities many other forms of service to the that should be made available to Indian Christians and in the atmillions of Indians who are with- tempt to analyze the "self support" out as well as to those who are within the Christian Church. In problem. The N. C. C. accepted the invitation of the British Conthe "N. C. C." (National Christian Council) which meets every second ference of Missionary Societies year, the Christian enterprise in that a mission be sent from India India is best visualized in its many to Britain,- not for deputating in the interests of the missionary aims and varied problems. An enlarged meeting of the enterprise, but definitely to carry a spiritual message from the Council was called in order that Younger Church in India to the the great work of Jerusalem might be vitally and authoritatively re- Older Church across the ocean. lated to India. When this idea was first brought up at Jerusalem it was very thrill- India is the one country in the ing to us Orientals. At the same world where the Christian enter- time it seemed a pious hope not prise faces the greatest historic re- to be realized in our day. ligions – Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism-as also a powerful ex- Education is the fundamental pression of modern scientific ma- process on which so many branches terialism. Here, more than any- of mission work depend in modern where else, is the profound sig- times. In India where the Chrisnificance of the Jerusalem message tian enterprise has peculiar responrealized in its full implications. sibilities-to a proletariat church The Jerusalem "Call" to non-Chris- on the one side and a high-browed tian religions is in a peculiarly real non-Christian intelligentsia on the sense a call to India. other-the study of education is 284 of indispensable importance. In methods now employed for the soa former generation mi~sions pio- lution of the rural problems and to neered "higher education" in In- help toward the adoption of the dia; in this generation similar successful ones widely over India. privilege has been given unto mis- It is significant that before the N. sions to pioneer a type of "rural C. C. broke up it invited to the education" worthy of the name. position of its chief secretary (as The Council found it possible to successor to Dr. N. Macnicol) a emphasize· the enormous impor- man whose chief qualification is tance of the right kind of education his success as a rural worker, the to India. Miss McDougal of the Rev. Z. Hodge of Motihari. We Women's Christian College, Ma- may well forecast that a large part dras, led the debate. The godless of his time will be given to the education hitherto obtaining in In- rural problem. dia, inevitable when the State is run by a power which is bound to be neu- Closely allied to this is the mass tral, will now apparently give place movement problem. It was underto something which implants reli- stood that to a mission which has gion into the curriculum, at all the care of a large mass-movement events into the life of the schools church, the "Rural Reconstrucand colleges. The secularistic tend- tion" program (strictly so called) ency is best combated in that way. will be primarily, in many cases Moreover the practical problems even exclusively applied to the will be–what to teach, who should Christian community. As for the teach and how to teach. Personal other missions which have no such and social ethics, as also devotion- responsibility rural service will, al and religious exercises of all like higher education or medical sorts will perforce come under re– view. This and other problems so relief, be a form of the presentation vital in every way to the shepherd- of Christ and His salvation to the ing of the flock within as well as non-Christians in concrete human to the presenting of the Christ to terms. those without, will now go before the Provincial Councils and their Conclusion constituents with a fresh appeal and insistence. Dr. John R. Mott It was quite clear that India has met a special Conference on edu- taken Jerusalem very seriously and cation at Agra, at the end of Janu- is addressing itself to respond to ary, to carry the matter further. its various messages conscientious- ly and with vigor. Every such Rural Problems response will be well considered and subjected to thorough study; The council had before it the re- but there was little doubt that the port of the Royal Commission on Jerusalem Conference was most timely. Agriculture, and the recommendations of a special conference which The N. C. C. has never lacked had taken place the previous week the presence of Indians of first at Coimbatore in a thoroughly class leadership. This is natural rural setting. The whole time serv- as the personnel is picked from all ices of an officer of the N. C. C., was asked to study the various India. It was abundantly clear that the work of the Kingdom in India was already substantially passing under the guidance of Indians, men and women.

Of THE

ANTI-CHRISTIAN MISSIONS until the Reformation when a new awakening from within brought a re- T HE Christian Church is not the turn to the Founder's ideals and teach- only organization conducting ac- ings. Since then Christianity has tive propaganda along religious spread over Europe, North, Central lines. It has often been said that and South America and Australia. It there are only three missionary reli- has penetrated Africa, the islands of gions seeking to win the world to their the sea and has become established faith-Buddhism, Islam and Chris- in every part of Asia except Afghan- tianity. Each is driven by an im- istan and Tibet. In some lands the peIling and propelling motive and is followers of Christ are few and still following an ideal and is propagating weak; in other lands they have back- the teachings and example of the slidden and opponents declare that founder. Buddhism arose in India Christianity itself and all religion five hundred y:ears before Christ as must be replaced by a rationalistic a reform movement and, after a grad- materialism and a rejection of all su- ual growth in the land of its birth, pernatural religion.

sent out its missionaries to other lands There is today in America and Eu- until it spread over India, Ceylon, Bur- rope a strong propaganda in favor of rna, Tibet, Siam, China, Korea and Atheism. Having its rise in Europe, Japan. But it became static and, in where nominal Christians gained pow- spite of much truth, has been decay- er and used it in oppression, many ing through lack of a living leader who never knew the true character and a living message and a dynamic. and power of God as revealed in Jesus Islam arose in Arabia some six hun- Christ became bitterly antagonistic to dred years after Christ as a refonn His Church. Revolution brought a movement and after conquering the lust for the exercise of power and home land spread to Persia, Mesopo- the establishment of an atheistic so- tamia, Turkestan, Afghanistan, Syria, cialism in Russia has stimulated a de- Turkey, North Africa, Southwestern sire to spread this doctrine over the and Southeastern Europe, India, Ma- whole world. The leaders are mislead laysia, the Philippines and into China. into seeing in all religion a means of This religion depended largely on ruling through fear of an all powerful physical force and material induce- and invisible God. These see clearly ments to spread its sway. Today 1s- that there is "no concord between lam is static and is losing power in Christ and Belial." There must be the lands where it has long held sway. continual conflict between those who Only among the primitive peoples of believe in God and His laws and those Africa is it still making large prog- who seek to establish a state based ress. on materialistic atheism. The propa- Christianity arose in Palestine and ganda of these anti-Christian, anti- in spite of fierce persecution, its in- religious communists has spread in fluence spread through spiritual Europe and Asia, it has nearly preaching, through Syria, Asia Minor, wrecked China and is seeking to en- North Africa and Europe. The sup- trench itself in North and South port of earthly monarchs led to ma- America. By subtle appeals to fair terial advance but spiritual weakness, play and rationalistic philosophy an 286

'l'OPICS OF THE TIMES

effort is made to win students and The Communist Party in the United nominal Christians to their standard. States must mark the way for the strug- Revolutionary communism is scatter- gle with Imperialism. ing its literature and proclaiming its doctrines, with high sounding soph- Still clearer evidence of the bold istries, especially among the foreign atheistic propaganda in America is born in all the large cities and manu- seen in the activities of the American facturing centers of America. Lavish Association for the Advancement of promises are made of a new freedom Atheism, the secretary of which has from poverty, war, governments and even been invited to debate in some the domination of the present capital- churches and forums under so-called ists, politicians and intelligencia. Christian auspices. A leaflet handed out freely in one of the New York This atheistic communism is as mis- churches, that is seeking to serve the sionary in its spirit and program as foreign born population, contains the any religion. There is more passion- f o l l o w i n g 'x- : ate devotion than in many Christians. They are seeking to win the world- The Central Committee of the All Rusand then they promise peace and pros- sian Communist Party (of the Bolsheperity. The speech of one propagan- viki) decided that the most important dist recently set forth their spirit and task at hand for the party must be the their aims as folIows*: most attentive consideration of the prob- lems on the program of the VI Congress, It is very important to pay attention and the most important question of that to the Philippine Islands situated in the program for the Communist Internaneighborhood of China, with the revolu- tional is the militant demand, the fight tionary movement in China and Indo- against religion. Asia. The American Communist Party must send its members to carryon this In this regard the program of the work. Communist International is considering the problem in a clear-cut Leninist way. Latin America is one of the most important bases of American Imperialism, The Communist International declares the fight with which will be carried on as the task of its program, the demand under the slogan of the united anti-im- of its program a war against religion, a perialistic front, although the unity of war which is systematic and unflinching. Latin America in the sense of a Federa- It could not be otherwise. tion of Latin States is impossible ….. . I consider also that the revolution in The Communist International could Mexico is not over, and that in fact the not accomplish its task if it did not devery center of the struggle with North clare a merciless war against religion American Imperialism lies in Mexico. and churches, against this "opium of the people," against this "agency of the rul- At present the fundamental problems ing classes and the imperialistic clique." of the Communist Party consist in the following; to draw the workers into the There is only one Power that can Anti-Imperialistic struggle; to unveil stem the tide of this atheistic propapacifism mercilessly; to win the active ganda of misguided leaders. That is cooperation of the workers of America the power of God. If the followers with colonial and semi-colonial masses, of Jesus Christ are inspired by His combining the struggle of negroes with spirit, if we will speak and live and the anti-imperialistic fight in Hayti, San work in harmony with His life and Domingo, etc. Also, the drawing of the teachings, showing His patience, His small bourgeoisie into our Anti-Imperial- love, His sacrificial devotion to the istic movement. Also, we must make good of our fellow men, then· all the contact with the natives of Latin Amer- weapons and attacks of the enemies ica in the United States, and organize a will crumble to ashes. Preaching the section of the All America Anti-Imperial- truth is good; scattering the Word istic League in the United States . …. . of God is a means of planting living Labor Temple, 14th and 2d Ave., New seed; but the history of Christian York City, January 12, 1929 (see Daily propaganda at home and in every land Worker, January 14th). under the sun clearly proves that the .. By Conrade Gomez (U. S. A.), printed in .. TranslntE'd from Bczbogcnik 00 Stanker Pravada, the organ of the Executive Committee (The Atheist fit His Bench), Moscow, 1928. of tbe Communistic Party, Moscow, August 25, 1028.

spoken and written Word must be vi- which was ratified on February 11, tally linked with consistent Christ- 1929, between the Quirinal and the empowered living and unselfish service Vatican whereby a new State is cre- if there are to be abiding and wide- ated in Italy, a state of which the spread results. The history of Jesus Pope is sovereign. It is the smallest Christ Himself, of Paul and John the independent state in the world, com- Apostles, of Augustine and Jerome, prising only 105 acres or less than of Henry Martyn and Robert Moffat, one-sixth of a square mile, with a of Hudson Taylor and Fidelia Fiske, population of 500 people-practically of Adoniran Judson and Eliza Agnew, a childless state.

and of multitudes of others of all Both the Italian Government and nations and tongues and peoples prove the Vatican claim to be the gainers that the Gospel of Jesus Christ lov- by the new treaty. Premier Mussolini ingly proclaimed, united with Christ- and the Fascisti gain the allegiance like life and service are invincible and of the dominant and powerful Church win against all opposition. Pray for in the effort to make united Italy a the misguided anti-Christian mission- great world power. A constant cause aries and for those who are seeking of friction is removed and the Pope to overcome evil with good by reveal- becomes a defender of the State. On ing the true nature of God and the the other hand, the "Holy See" gains Gospel of Ohrist. recognition of its sovereign power; its "canon law" is recognized as the THE VATICAN'S TEMPORAL law of the land; the Pope is no long- KINGDOM er a self-imprisoned monarch but a FIVE hundred years ago the Pope free and ruling prince; the Church receives $37,500,000 cash and $50,- of Rome ruled a large part of 000,000 government bonds in settle- Europe. He made kings and de- ment of its claims; the power and posed kings. The laws of the Church prestige of the Vatican is greatly enhad more authority than the laws of hanced and it is possible that many emperors. As the so-called vicegerent nations will exchange accredited amof God on earth, the Pope sought to bassadors with the Vatican. rule the earth. Gradually he lost his The effect of this new alliance and empire. The Reformation aroused the re-creation of a Papal State canmany of his subjects to the need for not as yet be clearly foreseen. It is reform and to the danger of commit- a step in line with the ambition of ting their conscience to human con- the Vatican and many regard it as trol or of blindly following any human preparing for the fulfilment of prophautocrat, especially in matters of faith. ecy. There seems to be little doubt In 1870 the last of the Papal State that the recognition of the Pope as was included in the unified Italy and a temporal sovereign will strengthen the Pope's temporal power as an in- the Church of Rome and will enhance dependent sovereign was ended. For the prestige of the Vatican in all sixty years the Vatican has never ac- lands. It may also increase the tempcepted this situation and has been out tation to corruption and the abuse of of joint with the Italian Government. power-as has been true in the past. The Pope has refused to leave the The safeguard of the Church is its Vatican territory because he would absolute dependence on God and on not be received as an independent spiritual power and methods for its sovereign. conquests rather than on human alli- An event of great significance is ances or on material wealth and or- seen in the treaty of reconciliation ganization.

fOR WORKD

EDITED BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, New York FINANCE METHODS of each oncoming generation of Chris- How to Make the Budget Live for tians to maintain and extend the work the Giver and How to Help the already begun.

Church Raise the Budget The first is largely a matter of in- WE BELIEVE that church budgets spiration, based on a belief in the should be carried through the transcendence of Jesus; a knowledge practice of the stewardship of posses- of the conditions under which the sions. However, as yet we have not peoples of the world live, and the at- tractiveness of the method used in getattained to that high level of church ting the funds into the treasury. finance and so we seem to require helps to care for the budget. Although we These three factors may he exemplihave not attained, let us press on fied as follows: toward the true goal. In the near 1. Inspiration Based on an Appreciafuture an entire issue of this depart- tion of the Supremacy of Jesus ment will he devoted to Christian Stewardship as the supreme financial Unless Christianity holds some re- method. deeming and transforming power which the other religions of the world The following methods have been do not, why should we bother to in- troduce it into the nations? The tried out in a large number of hearts of the people of the world are hungry for God. They want to know churches and groups of churches. One who has power on earth to for- Thousands of dollars have been pro- give sins. We have such a One in Jesus. Wherever He has gone He has duced as a definite result of their use transformed lives and lifted race's. This is the testimony of the highest where dollars had previously seemed type of men of every nation where impossible to obtain. In working out Christ is known.

a budget the unit, which is the in- More than a theoretical knowledge of this, however, is necessary if we dividual giver, must continually be are to get the desired results. There kept in mind. It takes less time to is no particular advantage in refining handle it en masse, but is it not high iniquities or in "culturing" sins. The deeper the conviction that these can time for us who are working with be overcome and blotted out by a Dibudgets in Boards and local churches vine Power the more effective and to si~ down to the task of quietly, labonously and prayerfully working out our financial cultivation plans with Mr. Brown and JMenrsn.ieWGhrietee~ and Jimmie Yellow and as their unit center? '

THE LURE OF GIVING abiding will be the desire to reveal By F. I. JOHNSON, S.T.D., New York this Power to the ends of the earth. Without this vital faith in a Living There is a double privilege always Lord there will be no lure to sending before the church. First, of securing our gospel to other lands. No lure r.ea~y funds ~or initiating and estab- from over there, and no urge from hshmg the Kmgdom of God through- within. Back of all else must be an out the world; Second, the education appreciation of the efficiency of Jesus.

4 289

2. Iaspiration Ba.sed on Knowledge Would you like some good stories to use in your church? Write the of Conditions Missionary Education Movement, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York; or to This knowledge of conditions should your own denominational publishing be brought frequently to both old and house, or to Fleming H. Revell, 158 young in every Christian church. Fifth Avenue, New York, and tell them what age you want the stories It is not necessary that everyone for. who is asked to contribute to a world program shall have a minute knowl- 3. Making Methods Attractive edge of all the countries of the world, interesting as this might be. It is (1.) Making the Cause Live: There necessary that some knowledge shall have been many plans for increasing be had of the life of the people and the interest of givers. One plan has the conditions under which they live. been· to connect a local church with a missionary, a native church, a min- Remember, we are now discussing ister or a native student on the field, the quick process for getting results, so that there would be a living bond rather than slower educational meth- between the home church and the inods. The life of the people and the dividual or institution in some foreign conditions under which they live can land. The plan is too limited in its be briefly presented in the "Short possibilities to reach more than a small Story." .The mission fields are full fraction of the church. of them; we have not gathered a tithe of the crop. The short story interests, The need today is rather for an informs and inspires. Every commu- individual interest that will reach the nity has its school-teacher, its college entire membership. The support of or high school scholar, its pastor, or a missionary appeals to the few who professional man or woman who can are capable of giving in relatively soon learn to tell a story. Short large amounts: but What we need is stories are enjoyed by everybody from to interest the nearly seventy per cent the little child who lisps "tell me a who are making no direct contribu· toie" to the old man who is wearied tion to benevolent work. They also by many a sermon, but wakens up should have the privilege of doing an when a living illustration if:! given. individual and resl piece of work, even Stories are appropriate everywhere, though their individual gifts are not in the kindergarten, the young peo- sufficiently large to support a missionples society and even in the pulpit. ary or a church in the foreign field. This can be done by making the in- "The children of the world are wis- dividual units of work sufficiently er than the children of light." They small and interesting so that every have discovered the value of the short one may be responsible for a definite story. More than a score of short thing. story magazines have recently sprung into existence. They are sold by the By way of illustration :-The budgmillion. The generation of young peo- et in one of the denominations for its ple is saturating itself with them. foreign work approaches $4,000,000. Even the older men and women, who There is not much enthusiasm enrarely ever read a book, 'pore over gendered in the average member who these stories evenings and Sundays. thinks he can give only a dollar or The radio broadcasts them to rapt two, when he contemplates four millisteners. The stories are not always lion dollars. It is a rather abstract helpful, but they are interesting. proposition anyhow. The feeling is "my little dollar, or two dollars, will The church should search for, read not add much to this great sum, and and utilize the stories of its victories will not be missed if I do not give it." in all lands. Their heroism is unsur- So there is no warmth to the proposipassed; their inspiration brings rich results.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

A NEW CHURCH AND ITS CONGREGATION, KANGNUNG, KOREA A SUNDAY SCHOOL AT CHUNGKING, CHINA

tion, and about seventy out of every the method of giving to each group, hundred excuse themselves from sup- and to make it attractive. porting this prime objective of the church. Begin with the infant department. These children are not supposed to Let us analyze this four million dol- have a deep sense of moral responsilar budget which looks so big and so bility, but they are interested in beauabstract. tiful things.

We find that this denomination has After telling some story or showing 327,564 full members in its mission them picture cards of the children of fields. That an average contribution other lands, instead of saying "now of two dollars for each one of these children, bring your pennies next Sun- (in addition to what these members day to send the Gospel to these poor gather together themselves) will carry heathen," give each one an envelope our end of the financial responsibility that has some color on it, some life, for a year in giving them the Gospel. so that they will want to preserve it, will think about it during the week, Similarly there are 349,922 prepara- and will enjoy bringing it back the tory members in these same fields. next Sunday full of coins they have Two dollars for each one of these will saved or collected during the week. continue the Christian ministrations There is no adequate reason why for them, providing what they cannot bright and cheerful accessories should supply. ' not be used in connection with all church work. There are 472,527 Sunday-school pupils. Three dollars each for these For the older groups a more digniwill provide them with the literature fied, but no less attractive receptacle and other necessary equipment for should be used, such as a coin card, or continuing in the Sunday-school for a small purse. a year. Divide the approximate cost of the Taking the other types of work also support of a member, a preparatory we get the following formula: member or a Sunday-school pupil in the mission field into as many parts 327,564 full members at $2 •…•• $655,128 as there are missionary days in the 349,992 Preparatory at $2 ..••… 699,984 year. 472,527 S.-S. pupils at $3 …••.• 1,417,581 Some schools will have missionary 75,284 in grade schools at $10 •• 752,840 day only once a quarter. Others will 11,301 in High School at $20 .,. 226,020 have such a day every month. If it 276,900 is once a quarter fifty cents each time a,a38 in college 0' above at $50 164,990 from an individual will care for a 16,499 Medical "in" patients at $10 168.825 member over there for a year; or 33,765 Medical "out" patients at $5 380,264 seventy-five cents will keep a pupil in 380,264 Dispensary cases at $1 .. Sunday-school for a year. If mission- ary day is once a month divide the Total ..••………….. ,… $4,742,532 total amount into twelve parts, and let them bring one-twelfth each time. Now tell your interesting story of evangelistic work, the Sunday-school, Why not use simple but attractive the day school, or the hospital. Even devices like coin cards or decorated the children rise to the ambition to purses or other attractive receptacles? take one individual out there and care Great institutions like savings banks for him. And many older ones will and building and loan associations, want to care for several. While min- whose funds run into the millions use istering to one individual in this fash- these devices for making it easy for ion the interest in all is maintained. people to bring their money in. Should AND THE INTEREST IN MISSIONARY not the church be as wise as the WORK DOES NOT EVAPORATE IF ONE "children of the world"? STUDENT, ONE PREACHER OR ONE BIBLE WOMAN DROPS OUT, because each giver is interested in all.

(2.) Making it easy to give. With the present organization of churches and Sunday-schools it is easy to adapt

METHODS FOR WORKERS

THE FIRST DAY AT SCHOOL, ANGOLA, AF1RICA ON HER WAY TO THE HOSPITAL IN A CHINESE AMBULANCE

Interesting Adult Men disease. Even the reindeer on the reserves were herded together and If international peace, fellowship shot. The epidemic cost the governand equity are to obtain in the world ment and the farmers of the west it will be because of missionary propa- millions of dollars. Where did the ganda. Not necessarily under the disease come from? A Chinese junk name of missions, but in some way in emptied a bucket of garbage on the which the Christian forces of the California coast. This garbage is said world unite and expand to reach all races. There cannot be much inter- to have held the deadly germs which est created between folks who know started the disease in this country. nothing about each other. The men What farmer whose herd was slaughof our churches have small opportu- tered does not wish that China had nity for familiarizing themselves with had the knowledge by which the disthe other peoples of the world. If ease could have been eradicated over they knew them they would be inter- there? ested in them. Two years ago I sat as one of the We have all seen men's organized guests at the annual patriotic banclasses and clubs arise, flourish over quet of the Methodist Social Union night and disappear. They had no of Boston. At my plate was a beautiadequate objective. Here is an ob- ful silk flag, mounted on a standard jective which is both adequate and more delicate than a toothpick, but attractive. Organize the men into with a gold ball at the top, a complete International Clubs in which the in- miniature of our national standard. terests and conditions of the other My patriotism was stirred. I thought nations of the world are discussed. "there is one thing that is distinctly There is now a wealth of literature ours" even if foreigners are in large on every country of the world. These measure taking over our institutions. clubs can well be interdenominational But as I picked it up and looked at especially in small towns and rurai it I saw a wee tag pasted about the communities. They will thus answer staff, and on it "made in Japan." a double purpose of acquainting the There are many men in America who men with the conditions under which live by commerce who do not know other men and nations live and work that this low wage competition will and will unconsciously break dOWn' be eliminated when the standards of some of the local barriers which sep-. living of the Orient are raised. arate neighboring churches. With the nations as near together Not only is there a volume of litera- as they are today there is no realm of life, political, educational, commercial ture available, but almost every com- or religious that can be safe without reckoning with the conditions which munity has in it, or accessible, some obtain among the other nations of the professor, lawyer, traveler, minister world. The only abiding solution for these perplexing problems is for the or missionary who can bring direct nations to come to know each other and to settle the problems which permessages from one or more foreign plex all, on the basis of Christian brotherhood. countries. We have discussed above, only one There is no normal man in America of the two ~'privileges" mentioned in the first paragraph. The second should who will not be interested in foreign have an equal amount of space for statement-which may be done at ancountries, if he is shown how closely other time.

all are related. .

A few years ago our government had to take radical steps to stamp out the "foot and mouth disease"

which broke out among the cattle and sheep. Many had to be killed and buried in the effort to stamp out the

METHODS FOR WORKERS

MONEY TALKS A clever skit that will uroyoke thought. It will also helD to develop a missionary conscience. (Adapted from The Mi88ionary InteHige"ce,..) The Disappointed Dollars The Happy, Joyous Dollars I wanted to go to China, but a little I'm going to buy twenty New Tesgirl spent me for ice cream and candy. taments for China. I wanted to help preach the Gospel in Africa, but a young man spent me I'm going across the ocean to supon the movies. port a student in a mission school one I wanted to go to Moslem lands to tell of Christ 'but a little boy spent me week in India. – for popcorn and chewing gum. I am going to the Philippines to I was planning to help the ignorant women in India, but a lady spent me help print Christian literature. to go to the theater. I'm on my way to Japan to help run A little girl gave me for missions, but the Church Board borrowed me a Christian kindergarten. for Current Expenses-and didn't pay me back. I will supply Christian books for I wanted to help build a chapel in ten pupils in a day school in India. the Philippines, but a deacon spent me for cigars. I will support a native evangelist An elder had me, and I wanted to for a week in Africa. go to Japan, but the elder said, "A quarter is enough," and put me in his I will pay the rent of a chapel for stuffy old pocketbook. two weeks in South America. Weare so disappointed! We wanted to do some good in the world. We I will give the Mohammedans two are heartbroken because we can't go. Won't you people who love the Lord thousand one leaf tracts in Moslem and love those for whom Christ died be sure next time to put us in the offer- lands. ing, so we can help tell of Jesus all over the world? I will support a boy in an orphan- age for twenty-four days in India.

We are all so happy! We don't know what to do! The boys and girls who had us gave us so gladly that it warmed our hearts. They said, "Good- bye, God bless you." Some of the people prayed about giving us to mis- sions and after he prayed, one man gave one hundred dollars instead of one.

Tho illustrations for the liDollars" to be carried by participauts are suggestive only. Adavt the wording to the character. Change the year 1917 to 1929.

"FQR WHERE YOUR TREAS- to the decision of the court tomorrow. It may be accumulating interest in URE IS" * some safety vault, but when the final call comes and we make the last move, By LILLIAN E. HAYES our earthly possession must be left behind. Our "treasures upon earth" Passing down the street the other are subject to moth and rust and day, a very small child attracted my thieves; our "treasures in Heaven" attention by calling out to the man are increasing in value and can never who was loading the family furniture be destroyed. The Giver of all good in a moving van, "Oh, Mister, please and perfect gifts is waiting to drop put this piece of my dolly in there- into your trembling, out-stretched and be careful and not break it!" I hand gifts which money cannot buy. walked slowly past and had a good Reach out and claim the promise: look at the "piece of dolly"-just a "Ask of me, and I will give thee the head-hair gone, one eye missing, a nations for thine inheritance." tooth out, cracked-but it was the child's dearest treasure. TOOL-TABLE NOTES "There will ~our heart be also." (1) "Thought takes a man out of Somehow, as I walked on, I had a feel- servitude into freedom."-Emerson. ing of uneasiness for the safety of Living books stimulate clear thinking. the "piece of dolly"—of no value what- Have you read "JOHN BROWN'S BODY," ever to big folks, absolutely worthless by Stephen Vincent Benet? -but the dearest possession of the little one. How many worthless treas- (2) By all odds the finest help I ures we older children are clinging to, have seen on how to present the of no account to others, priceless to us; study of Africa, is a booklet, "THE some in which we have invested our NEW AFRICA IN My PARISH," by Wilall, some we have spent time and liam E. Leidt of the National Council, strength to possess. It may be in Protestant Episcopal Church in the your garage tonight, and in the hands United States of America, 281 Fourth of a thief in the morning. It may be Avenue, New York, N. Y., price only on the best corner lot in the city 25c-but $10 would not buy my copy today, and a pile of ashes, or subject unless another could be purchased.

'" From The American Friend.

CHURCH CONTRIBUTIONS IN 1928 The United Stewardship Council reports the following amounts received for benevolences "from living givers" last year. The amounts in the last column include gifts from living givers and also income on permanent funds, legacies, and other sources. Totals include other denominations not listed.

Denomination PER CAPITA GIFTS OongregationaZ Total (]itts for Benevo- Oongre-AZZ Pur- $10,312,726.00 All Purpose.

'en(a~8 gatiQna~ poses Benevolence8 4,150,165.00 $15.826,473.00 4,111,947.00 6,224,783.00 Presbyterian (Soutb) …. $12.40 $23.18 $35.58 lJ5,513,747.00 48,453,787.00 6,011,833.00 United Presbyterian ….. 9.36 23.70 35.55 1,639,382.00 13,289,224.00 Reformed Church in America 8.58 26.34 38.52 1,338,866.00 18,247,450.00 75,054,538.00 Presbyterian, U. S. A. …. 6.21 25.25 39.11 5.163,834.06 17.654,901.00 UIIited Church, Canada .• 6.11 20.83 27.68 11,921,424.00 25.150,524.00 22,368.113.00 3,893,593.00 40,628,013,47 M~!~-:eI~~IhC:~ci.· ':::::. '5.66 ~~:~~ ~~:~~ 79,238,203.00 6,634,343.83 1.2~~:~~n~ 22,056,818.00 33,566,316.85 Baptist, North •.•.•….. 4.39 17.80 23.76 28,125,728.00 46,088,274.32 Protestant Episcopal .. ,.. 5.66 84.11 38,69 6.198,825.00 2,571,425.00 98,758.030.00 Methodist Episcopal ,…. 4.25 19.90 24.81 6,750,340.27 5,348,304.00 28,736,212.00 Congregational ..•••….. 4.07 28.75 80.95 16,910,564,00 16,292,564.77 42,837,697.00 Methodist Episcopal, South 5.34 10.92 16,70 3,779,199.00 5,574,547.00 Brethren …………… 3.93 19.50 23.47 13,768,782.95 1,188,719.00 3,090,372.00 United Brethren in Christ 3.64 13.51 17.51 5,809,569.11 6,930,435.00 Disciples of Christ …… 3.53 10.59 13,97 518,947.00 22,046,263.33 Reformed, United States .. 4.11 15.65 20.11 1,441,131.00 895,654.04 7,161,521.00 Christian ………•….. 8.78 12.39 16.11 5,753,698.56 32,133,481.00 1,539,298.00 Evangelical Synod ……. 2.61 23.46 27.07 1,462,880,00 6,702,967.53 Moravian, North •……. 12.88 48.77 72.53 1,332,206.27 Baptist, South .,…….. 2.09 8.53 10.62 351,613.00 40,038,259.00 646,966.71 236,552.23 7,904,778.00 Total of 25 Denominations $4.52 $17.30 $23.30 $92,3211,715.47 $402,682.961,82 $682,868,714.80

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION

EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York MINGLING THE NATIONS IN absorbed attention. International AN ALCHEMY OF LOVE Public Opinion was represented by Perhaps the greatest realm in per- Carrie Chapman Catt and Raymond'

sonal and national life from which T. Rich, while the points of view of Christ has been debarred is that re- the various nations were set forth by gion in which war and war psychology Arthur Bullard, James T. Shotwell, have so long held sway. This is an Reinhold Neibuhr, James McDonald, unevangelized realm in the hearts of Sidney Gulick and Bruce Bliven. At thousands in our own country, a realm other sessions such menaces to world in which the Prince of Peace must be peace as ?ig navies, war chemistry, made known if Christians are to be and war alrplane activity were vividly Christian. It is therefore inevitable and accurately described. The Monroe that the cause of peace between na- Doctrine and the new inter-American tions should be a part of missions. treaties of arbitration and conciliation, Every woman interested in missions recently drawn up by the Pan-Ameriis vitally concerned in the Fourth can Conference in Washington, were Conference on the Cause and Cure of ably presented. War held in Washington, January 14 Through the whole conference ran to 17, 1929, and should be responsible. an undercurrent of deep feeling in re- for the carrying out of the plans made gard to the General Pact for the Re- at that conference. The Federation nunciation of War. On the first mornof Woman's Boards is one of the ten ing of the conference delegates made woman's organizations which compose what might be called a pilgrimage to the National Committee responsible the Senate office building to calion for calling this conference, and for their respective senators and present putting into effect its findings. resolutions from the various states in This conference has gained momen- favor of the pact. More than twelve tum year by year and has come in thousand resolutions were presented this country to be one of the great and it is of interest that the church educational forces for peace. It was group, that is the home and foreign started primarily for the purpose of mission organizations, had sent in the studying seriously the causes of war largest number of resolutions, more and trying to find out the cure of that than four thousand. It was especially evil. auspicious that on that very afternoon The program of the conference this the Senate ratified the Peace Pact, year was divided into two main sub- with only one dissenting voice!

jects; the Present Status of Peace The conference in this its fourth versus War, and What Are the Ob- annual session passed into a new realm stacles to be Removed before the Na- of study and action. Heretofore attions Can Feel Secure Against War? tention has been centered largely up- Speakers who are recognized authori- on war; hereafter the attention of ties were chosen to present the vari- this body will be increasingly upon ous phases of these two subjects and peace, not abstract peace, but peace the methods of presentation were such as an institution. Mrs. Catt, whose as to make the learning process as leadership has meant so much through painless and as satisfying as possible. the years, gave to the conference that For instance one evening there was term "peace institution," as she outan International Conversation to lined the path of future progress.

which the conference listened with The following recommendations 297

from the findings point the way on ANNUAL MEE~INGS the road to peace that the Conference is to follow: OF THE With Mrs. Catt we believe that "the FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF road to peace may be long and difficult but it is straight." FOREIGN MISSIONS OF NORTH AMERICA We further recommend: and the Foreign Missions Conference 1. That the program for future work at Hotel Statler, Detroit, Michigan, .suggested in Mrs. Catt's message be adopted by the Conference, namely: from January 14 to 18, 1929 a. Support of movements to build up the institution of peace through more The Executive Committee met in complete world agreements and the de- Detroit on January 14, 1929. The velopment of machinery necessary for past year has been characterized by the settlement of international disputes. some significant achievements, and at b. Frank discussion of policies and least two great failures in the life of practices which continue the war insti- the Federation, as the reports of our tution and postpone the building- of the committees will testify. Cooperation peace institution. with other groups of women in the 2. That, inasmuch as it is impossible defence of a great moral issue in our to foresee the specific ways in which the national election, and the campaign above program can best be made effec- for the ratification by our Senate of tive, the Executive Committee be asked the Kellogg Pact are but two of the t? presl!nt to th.e member organizations victories of 1928. tImely mformatIon on which they may act according to their individual pro- The expanding program of the Fedcedures. eration is indicated by the call for 3. That the program of another Con- two more Standing Committees; feren~e, 'Yhile necessarily continuing the changes in the by-laws; the transfer !lxammat~ons o~ the. causes of war, give of responsibility from the former Its attentIOn prImarIly to a consideration Joint Committee on Women's Church of the machinery for peace. and Missionary Federations to the National Commission of Protestant The pact not only has renounced Church Women; the rapid growth of war but also has given peace an of- the World Day of Prayer; the trificial standing in the minds of people umphs of our Union Institutions on throughout the world. Now the in- the Foreign Field; the growing work stitution of peace must be built up. and limitless opportunities of our If that is to be done women must Committee on Christian Literature, needs continue their efforts. They whereby tens of thousands are readmust be informed on international ing His message for the first time in questions and work actively for cer- their own tongue; delightful and eftain definite means of settling inter- fective cooperation with the Internanational disputes. Probably the next tional Missionary Council and the step for the women of this conference Foreign Missions Conference; defiis to understand thoroughly the two nite and valuable research and service treaties signed at the Pan-American by our Student Committees; continued Arbitration Conference which closed cooperation with a score of other na- January 5th and to do everything pos- tional groups in an effort to help sible to see that they are ratified by Christianize all the areas of life; a the Senate. Perhaps the next step growing consciousness and a definite for the reader of this article is to longing for a deeper, more compelling, "highly resolve" to know what these radiant and joyous life of service; for two agreements mean and to work a spirit of adventure, of faith, of courfor their ratification. age in this most glorious enterprise. In other words-Hfor the completion JEAN GRIGSBY PAXTON. of our own conversion."

. "Peace I leave with you, My peace I The discontinuance of Everyland gIve unto you; not as the world giveth because of lack of support. The one give I unto you. Let not your heart be trou.bled, neither let it be afraid."-Jesus ChrUlt.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

and only paper for the development churches a copy of three indispensable of world friendship among the children books for this year: of all nations. Have you not already heard the sob of the children of the 1. "From Jerusalem to Jerusalem"-by world because the January number of Helen Barrett Montgomery, which protheir beloved paper did not come? vides a splendid background for the study of the Jerusalem Findings. There are twenty-five thousand women and girls who failed to invest 2. "Going to Jerusalem"-by Margaret even fifty cents in "Friends of Afri- Applegarth, for Juniors, a fascinating ca"-the official textbook prepared for book for this important group. them by that incomparable author Miss Jean Kenyon Mackenzie-a book 3. "The Little Lord Jesus"-by Lucy which is said to be the deepest, truest W. Peabody, an exquisite story of the and most exquisite interpretation of life of our Lord. the conditions, needs and hunger of the people of that great continent Here is the acid test, are we interever written. What a failure! How- ested enough to put our words into ever, already one Board has sent out deeds. Do we understand what Liva call to five hundred of their women ingstone meant when he said-"The asking each to buy a copy and prayer- word 'sacrifice' is not in my vocabufully to study its contents. The lary." It is this kind of service that Federation earnestly asks every Board is creative, curative, redemptive; the not only to make up for our failure kind we are privileged to share with with regard to "Friends of Africa," God-unselfish, costly, glorious. There but to begin at once a persistent, are depths we have not fathomed, ceaseless effort to put into the hands heights we have not reached, riches of every woman and girl in their of which we have not dreamed; peace, power, love and abundant life we have not appropriated because so many of us have drifted into self-complacency. We are sure that the women of the Federation will be glad to accept this challenge of our day.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22nd Street, New York CHUROH WOMEN PLAN ADVANOE for the women delegates, at which Mrs. May Leonard Woodruff in a The annual meeting of the Council happy speech took us back to the beof Women for Home Missions was ginnings, and asked all those to stand held January 9-10 at Atlantic City, who had been members of the Council N. J., preceded by meetings of the during its first year. They were Mrs. Commissions of the National Home Philip lL Rossman, Mrs. D. E. Waid, Missions Congress which is to be held Miss Miriam L. Woodberry and Mrs. in Washington, D. C., December, 1930. Woodruff herself. The Council having been organized in November, 1908, this was the twen- It was a very real pleasure to have tieth anniversary, and the annual with us for the first time Miss Adela meeting was marked by reminiscences J. Ballard, Western Supervisor of miof early days and by planning for grant Work, who for the past two advance, rather than much contempla- years has had direct charge on the tion of the year just passed. Pacific Coast. At the dinner Miss Laura H. Parker, national Secretary The meeting opened with an infor- for Migrant Work, presented "High mal "Get Acquainted" afternoon tea Lights" and at the evening session for all delegates of the Home Missions Miss Ballard told about the work in Council and Council of Women for the western area. Home Missions, followed by a dinner

Both evening sessions and part of 900 that carryon various activities one afternoon were joint with the and over 400 that observe only the Home Missions Council. It had been World Day of Prayer, a total of 1,300. planned that Miss Helen M. Brickman, (Since the report was written, 100 national Director, Religious Work for more have been added.) At organiza- Indian Schools since last September, tion the Council was composed of 9 would tell of that activity. Owing to boards, now 24; then 4 conferences the death of her father she was unable were affiliated, now 19. to be present; Miss Bertha M. Eckert, a national Secretary in the Indian On the afternoon before the annual Department of the Young Women's meeting a conference was held of gen- Christian Association kindly spoke in eral or executive secretaries of con- stituent boards attended by representher place. atives of seventeen boards. Fruitful The third speaker the first evening discussion in regard to literature, con- ferences and leadership led to a numwas Dr. William Adams Brown, Pro- ber of recommendations, all of which fessor of Systematic Theology, Union were approved by the annual meeting Theological Seminary, who is Chair- and should mean much advance. So man of Commission I of the Home enthusiastic were the secretaries over Missions Congress. The second eve- this opportunity for informal conferning Dr. William P. Shriver, author ence that they requested a similar one of the current textbook "What Next next year, with longer time allotted in Home Missions?" who has been and to include all salaried officers. Chairman of the Home Missions Council's Committee on City Work, pre- The National Commission of Protsided. Dr. Edward D. Kohlstedt, estant Church Women, composed of Secretary of the Board of Home Mis- six representatives from the Council, sions, Methodist Church told of the six from the Federation of Woman's present situation in the American city; Boards of Foreign Missions, six from Miss Emma Jessie Ogg, Chairman of state and local women's interdenomithe Joint Committee on Home Mission national groups and three women from Literature, a joint committee of the the church at large, had been set up Council of Women for Home Missions during the past year to serve as a and the Missionary Education Move- guiding group, planning and advising ment, and Rev. Walter Getty, Secre- with women's federated c h u r c h tary of Leadership Training and groups, unifying and enlarging sug- Promotion of the Movement, pre" gested programs for those groups. sented the educational program for Relationships and scope of functionthe coming year. ing of the Commission were discussed by the annual meetings of the Federa- Among interesting historical data tion and Council, which most unforof the twenty years the following was tunately were held in different cities. noted. For the year 1910, receipts Until there has been further conferwere $328.12; for 1928, $60,922.97; ence between· the Federation and the first year of the united home and Council, no announcement as to adforeign mission Day of Prayer, 1920, justments can be made. 50,000 programs were used; in 1928, 214,300; a contribution of $25 toward Mrs. George W. Coleman, President home missions was received from one the first seven years of the Council place in 1921, in f928 over $5,800 from through 1915, was made Honorary 800 places; in June, 1919, there were President, a newly created position. 11 0 women's interdenominational Her absence and that of Mrs. Fred groups on the list at headquarters, by S. Bennett, President for eight years December of that year 165, through from 1916 through 1923, were keenly intensive, systematic promotion the regretted. Mrs. Bennett continues as number having steadily increased un- a member-at-Iarge on the Executive til in 1928 there was record of over Committee. Mrs. Orrin R. Judd,

1929J WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

Treasurer during the past nine years, eration and Council elected Miss was elected President to succeed Mrs. Carrie M. Kerschner, formerly Chair- John Ferguson, who had served for man of the latter committee, as Chairthe past five years. Mrs. Ferguson man of the J oint Committee on remains Chairman of the Committee Conferences and Schools of Missions. on Chautauqua which plans the Home Missions Institute annually held there Home responsibilities prevent Miss in August, and she continues as a Parker, Secretary for Migrant Work member of the Executive Committee. since the spring of 1923, from con- tinuing after May. Miss Edith E. Mrs. Judd for the past two years Lowry, .for the past two years Ashas been one of the representatives sistant Secretary, was elected to sucof the Council on the Administrative ceed Miss Parker at that time. Miss Committee of the Federal Council of Florence E. Quinlan, Executive Sec- Churches of Christ in America and retary since April, 1919, when that at the Quadrennial Meeting held last office was created, and Miss G. Evelyn December was chosen as one of the Morse, Assistant Treasurer, with the three vice-chairmen of the Executive Council since 1915, were reelected. Committee of the Federal Council. She is a member of the Board of A BIT OF HISTORY Managers of the Woman's American Baptist Home Mission Society of Issued by the Council. 1909 which she was Treasurer for some years, and since 1918 President of In response to the suggestion of the New York District. She is a member Woman's American Baptist Home of the Board of Trustees of Keuka Mission Society, representatives of College, of the Boa.cd of Directors of five Women's Home Mission Boards the REVIEW, prominent in the Wom- met in New York, on December 13, an's National Sabbath Alliance and 1906, to consider the establishment of many other lines of church and mis- Conferences for Women on Home sionary work. Her husband is Chair- Missions. The wisdom of such a step man of the Board of Finance of the was at once manifest from the un- Federal Council. animous expressions of approval, which showed clearly that there was a The new Treasurer is Mrs. Ray- well-defined need for such conferences. mond B. Fenner of the United Lutheran Church, who has been Treasurer As a result of this meeting, the Inof the Woman's Missionary Society terdenominational Committee of Womof New York and New England Synod en for Home Mission Conferences for for the past six years. For two years the East was formed. Through the she was secretary and for three years courtesy of the leaders of the Young president of the Eastern Conference People's Missionary Movement the Missionary Society of that synod, and first Conference was held at Silver for two years President of the Luth- Bay, Lake George, New York, in July, eran Woman's League of Long Island. 1907. The second Conference was held in Northfield, July, 1908. It had Mrs. F. W. Wilcox, Vice-President- from the first been the desire of the at-Large, and Mrs. Edwin W. Lentz, Committee that the Conference should Recording Secretary, were reelected. be held there, in view of the fact that The Vice-Presidents and Chairmen of Northfield has become the recognized committees for the most part remain centre of religious Conferences for the. the same. As Mrs. Philip M. Rossman Eastern States. At this Conference for home reasons could not continue the number of Boards represented had as Chairman of the Joint Committee increased to nine. These Conferences on Conferences and Schools of Mis- were marked by great unanimity of sions, and as the Joint Committee on feeling, and a spirit of enthusiasm for Women's Church and Missionary Fed- Home Missions. erations has been abolished, the Fed- On January 3, 1907, three weeks later than the organization of a Com-

mittee for an Eastern Conference, the forward movement for Home Mis- Interdenominational Committee of sions sprang up from the Atlantic to Women for Home Mission Conferences the Pacific at practically the same time of the Central West was organized in is evidence that there was a wide- Chicago. This action would have been spread, though perhaps unconscious, taken a little earlier except for the longing among Christian women for desire that the new organization closer cooperation and a fuller meas- should be formed on harmonious lines ure of fellowship in service on behalf with the one already under way in of their country. The Council of the East. This Committee, which be- Women for Home Missions is the gan with only four Boards, now in- articulate expression of this wide- cludes nine. It has held summer spread desire.

schools at Winona Lake, Indiana, in The initial steps for the formation the last week of June, 1907 and 1908. of the Council were taken at the first The immediate and enthusiastic re- Conference of the Interdenominational sponse which these Conferences Committee of Women for Home Mis- evoked, and the successful manner in sion Conferences for the East at Lake which they were conducted, justify George, New York, in July, 1907, their existence and ensure their per- when a Committee was appointed to manence. prepare a possible plan of union be- The Summer School of Missions of tween that Committee and the Inter- the Rocky Mountain Region had its denominational Committee on Home origin in the Colorado Chautauqua, Mission Study Course. This Commit- which meets annually at Boulder, Col- tee reported the following year at orado. A series of missionary ad- Northfield, recommending that an dresses, given there during the sum- overture be presented to the con- mer of 1907, aroused such enthusiasm stituent Boards and Societies repre- that steps were taken immediately sented in these two Committees, ask- that led to the permanent organiza- ing for the appointment of seven tion in October, 1907, of the Interde- members from each Board to organize nominational Committee of the Rocky a Council to carry on all lines of Inter- Mountain Region. This Committee is denominational Woman's Home Mis- made up of representatives from the sion work. These representatives met Mission Boards of each denomination in New York, November 20,1908, and having jurisdiction over Colorado and organized the Council of Women for adjoining States. The Boulder Sum- Home Missions.

mer School of Missions, like that of The purpose of the Council is to Winona, presents both Home and For- integrate the work of Home Mission eign interests. Ten Boards are now Summer Schools or Conferences, to represented on this Committee. The provide interdenominational textbooks first session of the school under this for Home Mission Study Classes, to Committee was held in July, 1908, provide literature for interdenomina- with gratifying success. tional use, to arrange a service for an The Mount Hermon Federate interdenominational Day of Prayer, School of Missions of the Pacific Coast to care for Home Mission interests in has held sessions in the summers of schools and colleges, and, in general, 1907 and 1908, at Mount Hermon, to promote interdenominational fel- Santa Cruz Mountains, California. lowship and cooperation among wom- The Committee in charge of this en's Boards and Societies. It is be- school is made up of representatives lieved that the Council will prove to of the Home and Foreign Mission be a valuable factor in broadening the Boards of the Pacific Coast. outlook of women, and in making more The remarkable spontaneity with effective their efforts to extend the which these organized efforts to unite gospel of the Kingdom in the home- the women of all denominations in a land.

AMERICA ters: Wichita, Kansas; Tulsa, Okla-

The Neglected Youth homa; Kansas City, Kansas; Lincoln, DR. WALTER SCOTT ATHEARN, Nebraska; Topeka, Kansas; St. Louis, Professor of Religious Education Missouri. Preachers within a radius in Boston University, estimates that of fifty miles were invited to attend there are 27,000,000 American chil- the conferences.

dren and youth, nominally Protestant, These annual tours demonstrate the who receive practically no formal or unity in evangelistic effort and foster systematic religious instruction. Of the fellowship of all evangelical these, 1,755,870 are to be found in churches in the primary task of all New York State. Is there any rela- Christians-that of winning souls to tion between .these figures and the law- Christ.

lessness of American youth which has so deeply disturbed thoughtful Ameri- Methodtst Interna.tional Conference T cans in recent years? Or between the HE first International Missionary Conference of the Methodist Episfact that, according to Dr. Athearn, there are 58,000,000 nominal Protes- copal Church (South) was held at tants in the United States who are Memphis, January 1-3. The presence members of no church? There are of the missionaries was a great satis- today three or four times as large a faction. The part taken by nationals percentage of Americans in jail as -Yang, Dropiowski, Dobes, Osuna- there were in 1850 I-Stony Brook gave a fine color of internationalism, Bulletin. and the distinguished guests from other branches of Methodism added Federal Council Evangelism much. As the message of need was I N JANUARY, members of the Com- presented, as the present world situ- mission on Evangelism of the Fed- ation became more and more apparent, eral Council of Churches make a tour as the spirit of Chri:st became more of about ten days, visiting one city and more dominant, the missionary center each day. The Protestant task became more and more real. Such preachers and churches come together manifestations of concern were greatly for the day's evangelistic program and heartening, but the rising tide was addresses on evangelism are made to gently guided for sublimation into bring inspiration and help in putting channels of quickening for the Januover the program which the churches ary and February period. It was already have. agreed that this should culminate in a greatly increased free will offering In the afternoon each secretary upon the million dollar call. meets in conference the preachers and members of his own church to talk ON over the plans and program of evan- Lutheran Missions gelism which his own particular com- MONDAY, January 14. offi- munion is wOlking on. cers and members of Lutheran Dr. Charles Goodell is secretary of Foreign Mission boards, missionaries the Commission on Evangelism. This on furlough, presidents of synods and January he and the members of the conferences, professors and students Commission visited the following cen- of Lutheran colleges and theological 303

seminaries, Lutheran pastors, officers taught them to accept its distorted and members of Women's Missionary experience as an expression of the Societies and other church workers Holy Spirit. Peyote is a drug, found met in Columbus, Ohio, at the annual in the mescal buttons of a plant growconvention of the Lutheran Foreign ing on the plains of the Southwest, Missions Conference. but to thousands of Indians peyote has become a religion-rotting the The following officers were elected: bodies and souls of its ignorant fol- President, Rev. W. F. Kraushaar, sec- lowers. retary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Iowa Synod; vice- Clifford, Christian grandson of the president, Rev. Johann Mattson, sec- Indian chief, has learned a better way retary of the Foreign Mission Board to lead his people than by this worof the Lutheran Free Church; secre- ship of a harmful narcotic. He is tary, Dr. George Drach, secretary of planning to take back to them the the Board of the United Lutheran principles of Christ that they may Church; treasurer, Dr. J. H. Schneid- know His simple solution for all life's er, secretary of the Joint Synod of complexities. He will introduce new Ohio Board. opportunities, open closed doors. Health, work, home and school will The United Lutheran Church re- profit. Yet this is no easy path of ports in the past nine years 46,556 leadership. It means years of struggle adult baptisms and a total net gain and sacrifice. He foresees the slow of 179,007 or sixteen per cent. In work of planting, cultivating, and har- 1927 the total communicants numbered vesting and turns to face its reality 676,496-a gain of 400/0 in nine years. bravely, fortified by the strength of his new found faith. Negroes HOD-ored No ''Yellow Peril" T WELVE awards aggregating $3,- 000 have been announced by the T HERE are some 70,000 Japanese Harmon Foundation for distinguished living in California, (or 2 per cent achievement among Negroes, in art, of the entire population) 20,000 of education, business and religion. In whom live in the county of Los Anreligious service awards carrying gold geles. medals and $400 in cash were made to Dr. L. K. Williams, of Chicago, In spite of all the propaganda reand Rev. James S. Russell of Law- garding the "Yellow peril," actual starenceville, Va. Dr. Williams has de- tistics reveal that less than one per veloped Mount Olivet Baptist Church cent of California's -land is owned by in Chicago into one of the largest in- Japanese and only about three per cent stitutional churches in America. Mr. of it is leased by them. Russell, seventy-one years old, was commended as an outstanding mission- Racial prejudice is by no means oneary administrator in Virginia. sided. Many Japanese consider them- selves superior to Americans and are Indian Advancement by no means free from the racial dis- like for Occidentals. I NDIAN paganism must give way to Christianity. Henry Roe Cloud, These Orientals are watching Amercites as evidence the instance of Clif- icans very closely. Their genius is ford Parker, student in the American by nature imitative. What we are, Indian Institute, in Wichita. Years that they will endeavor to become. ago, Quanah Parker, Clifford's grand- What a responsibility is laid upon us! father, eager for political power, -World Call. adopted the worship of peyote and became the great chief of the Comanche MerlCMlB in the United States Indians. He educated his willing tribesmen into its mysteries, and H UNDREDS of thousands of Mexi- cans on this side of the border are starving spiritually for the Bread

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

of Life. It is reliably reported that against the government, rushed in at there are 150,000 in the city of Los the large street door into the open Angeles and 300,000 in the Southwest. court. They seized and bound Mr.

The birth rate among this people is Sotelo and Mrs. Nogueron, demanding very great and every baby born in twenty-five dollars. While friends this country is an American citizen. were hurrying around trying to raise Their national importance is obvious. the money, they left the building, No foreigners accept more readily and dragging the prisoners with them. At joyfully the New Testament Gospel the edge of the village they killed Mr.

appeal than these Latin-American Sotelo with two rifle shots from be- neighbors, nor more fully exemplify hind. What became of the woman its teachings in their lives. Baptists was not known at latest accounts. The in the Southwest are beginning to murderers had demanded that they appreciate the Spanish-American Sem- shout: 'Viva Cristo Rey! Viva la inary that is equipping men for pas- Virgen de Guadalupe!' (Long live tors for the 51 Spanish-speaking King Christ and the Virgin of Guada- churches and missions scattered from lupe.) It was a clear case of religious San Diego to Detroit.-Missions. persecution. The local authorities were too indifferent or too timid to LATIN AMERICA take any action. The government at Private Worship in Mexico Mexico City, when notified, promised vigorous measures to detect and pun- T HE Mexican Secretary of the In- ish the murderers. The martyred terior issued an edict on January preacher left a wife and several chil- 19 that persons holding public reli- dren. For their sake he appealed to. gious ceremonies in their homes would the mob to spare him, but in vain." 'be prosecuted under the law forbidding such ceremonies. Senor Canales made the statement after a newspaper had Persecution in Guatemala.

D announced that religious restrictions R. H. A. BECKER of the CentraT America Mission writes that the were being lightened and that services in homes would be tolerated. At- Indians of Yepocapa are interested in tendance of persons not members of the Gospel but afraid of their own the family, makes a home religious people and not the least of their lead- service a public one, in accordance ing men. Confession of faith en- with interpretations of the Mexican dangers their lives. Often it has hap- Consti tution. pened that Indians have been found in the street choked to death by means A Modern Martyr of the girdle that they wear. This T HE day of Christian martyrdom fate is threatened them if they accept has not yet passed. We read of the Gospel. A faithful believer dur- the recent assasination of Rev. Pedro ing last Holy Week offered a tract to M. Sotelo, of the Presbyterian Mission a passer-by near San Pedro. In re- in Mazatepec, Mexico. turn he was struck in the face with a machette, or large knife, then slashed "Mr. Sotelo was visiting one of his about the body and thrown over a preaching places, and was in a room bank into some brush. So they cele- . of a private house which is used as brate Holy Week in Guatemala.-Sun- a chapel. One of the women workers day School Times. of the church, Mrs. Micaela Nogueron, was in the building, visiting the family which has living rooms there, and Preaching Christ frOlll the Stage R had been in consultation with the EV. J. B. ARECENA, a Presby- terian pastor, in the Latin Ameripreacher. At about eleven o'clock at night, a noisy mob of armed men, can Evangelist gives the following ac- pretending to be in insurrection count of an evangelistic campaign held 5

in Concepcion under the auspices of ing to lack of funds the work had to Rev. Henry S. Strachan. He says: be abandoned. The people of Abancay assure us that if we would complete For ten nights the messenger gave the building the government would forth the message in the Concepcion grant it to us for our missionary work. theater with evergrowing interest. Ten May it not be that God has prepared minutes before the service began not a that place for the coming of His servseat would be vacant. From twelve to ants, and that in the coming days He fifteen hundred listened night after will make it a center of light in the night. great darkness?"

Thousands of hand bills, the notices Students of Britain at Liverpool in the daily papers, the help of the evangelical groups, all contributed, but the T HE quadrennial conference of the message itself was the real attraction: Student Christian Movement of Christ living, loving, tempted in all Great Britain held in Liverpool in Janpoints as we are, always victor, and uary was a conference of much imclothed with power and authority to help portance. A company of 2,000, of men everywhere. whom the greater number have not yet come of age, were assembled in the The last meeting brought the greatest cathedral in the gray light of a Janucrowd. A Gospel was handed to each ary morning. Two main lines of person, each containing a slip with a thought ran through the program, space for the name and address of those "The purpose of God," and "The glory who desired more teaching and more of friendship." The students, assemevangelical literature. Of the six hun- bled in Liverpool-nearly forty nations dred and sixty slips that were handed had selJ.t representatives-were diff~r­ back signed, five hundred were from peo- ent in race and in their lines of study, ple entirely unknown to the local but they shared one common experichurches. This means that at least five ence. hundred new doors are open to Christian workers. The conference was missionary to the core and in many groups and sec- Unevangelized Peru tions the claims of service overseas were made known. But it is signifi- T HE Spaniard who came to conquer cant that the first concern was for the was accompanied by the Romish character of the message and the mespriest who came to stay and whose senger. In the main assembly the presence has meant infinitely worse three addresses bearing upon the havoc than anything wrought by the world situation were these: one by forces of Pizarro, for nothing is more Mr. J. H. Oldham, on "The Call to the terrible than spiritual darkness and Missionary," one by Dr. T. Z. Koo on moral degradation. Miss M. D. Jones "The Remaking of China," and the in The Neglected Continent tells of a third by Mr. C. F. Andrews of India, trip last August when four went to on "Racial Relationships." That the the interior, traveling three days each world is one mission field was the way on mule back, to Abancay in the thought which underlay all the calls heart of the Andes. She says: of the conference.

"Five days were spent at Abancay There were in all about 1,985 mem-. and visited with Gospel literature. bel'S of the conference. The chairman Picture us sitting on a veranda in was R. O. Hall, author of "China and semi-darkness singing in Spanish, to Britain." Canon Tatlow was secrethe accompaniment of an auto-harp, tary. It was the fourth conference many of the beautiful old hymns, like to be held at Liverpool-1896, 1908, 'What a Friend We Have in Jesus'? 1912 and 1929. There are 200 Can you imagine what it meant for branches of the Student movement in them to listen to the truth of those England; in the world there are words for the first time? To them the name of Jesus is nothing more than an exclamation constantly on their lips.

"In Abancay there is a half-finished building which the government was putting up for a large school but ow-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

350,000 members. During the years a cheque for ten thousand dollars.

since the Student Volunteer Movement Then a cable came from the Assistant began, 15,000 volunteers have sailed Director of the Mission, reading: overseas. "Building available in Ghent for three "Liverpool 1929" is over; and yet hundred and fifty thousand francs"

has but begun. It will be written in which works out to be exactly ten all that follows the lives of those who thousand dollars. Mr. Winston had in this glorious ag" go forth to live only twenty-four hours' option upon the life of the friends of God. But the property. The Lord saw to it that there were many who went forth in that cheque was in our hands before peace and joy and a humble confidence. the cable was sent and He led Mr.

One day Canon Head, as he spoke of Norton to cable it across without de- the greater opportunities w h i c h lay. Thus the beautiful building be- awaited this generation, said, "I wish came the property of the Mission, and I were a young man again."-The Mr. Van Lierop was able to enter at Christian Century. once upon his arrival.

Bible DistribuUon in Italy In a few weeks the first hall pre- pared had become too small, and upon T HE Annual Report of the Scrip- the second floor a larger one was cre- ture Gift Mission states: ated. Not only are there individual con- To those who have watched events versions but these same converts are in Italy, and particularly the work of being fired with the desire to win the Roman Catholic Church, such fig- others, with their testimonies and the ures of the past year's distribution of distribution of tracts and Gospels.- Scriptures in Italy are cause for re- Edith Norton. joicing. The opposition has been un- ceasing, and by public denunciation GerDlan Mission IteDls in the churches, and the public press, as well as by personal influence in I N DECEMBER, 1928, Dr. Eduard household visitation, the priests have Kriele, Director of the Rhenish done all they can to hinder our work. Mission celebrated his 70th birthday. On this occasion, he gave up the edi- Our regular distributors have done torship of the mission publications of good work, and we have had a large his society and was succeeded by Mis. number of requests from strangers Insp. Schomburg. Beginning with the who have heard of the Scripture Gift January number the reports of this Mission, and asked for copies of the society will appear under the special Scriptures for themselves, and to pass name Berichte and the mission's news on to others. In some places the peo- will continue in separate form. The ple are awakening to their right to new magazine presents an attractive think for themselves, and the anti- appearance. Protestant attacks and tirades of the priests have roused them to read the The German "Sudan Pionier Mis- Bible to find out the truth. sion" has changed its name to "Evan- gelische Mohammedanermission Wies- Christian Work in Belgium baden." The change in name is I N THE early summer of 1927 two due to a change in organization neces- events happened. An experienced sitated by the assuming of the work Dutch pastor, a graduate of the Moody among the Kurds in Persia.

Bible Institute, Chicago, having vol- All German missions together now unteered for missionary work in Bel- have 1,265 men and women mission- gium, left his church in Yakima, aries in various 'fields. They are as- Washington, and, with his wife and sisted by 7,956 nationals and the total four litUe children, started for Bel- number of Christians is 935,923. The gium. About the same time one of total income amounts to 5,744,691 the Lord's stewards put in our hands marks. A large number o~ these so-

cieties closed the fiscal year with def- of it-145,000,000 people and the Bi- icits. ble practically unknown!

Churches in Czechoslovakia The Soviet government has given permission to the Baptist Union of T HERE are thirty-three organized Russia, of which Mr. Hugh R. Monro, evangelical churches in Czecho- is the American treasurer, to print slovakia, of which 12 are fully self- 50,000 Bibles and 50,000 Testaments.

supporting. Work is being done in The Russian Evangelical Union, of 150 outstations, where churches are which Mr. Prokonoff of Leningrad, is not yet organized. Tithing is widely the head, and which has an American practiced and church life is vigorous representative at 156 Fifth Ave., New and devoted. The churches could by York, is also printing Bibles in Lenin- 1933, if adequately housed, not only grad to reach the masses of Russia.- carry the full support of the work, but King's Business. carryon a growing program of evan- gelism-just sixty years after the ar- AFRICA Sudan Sunday School rival of the first missionary.-The Missionary Herald. Egypt and Union Bible Famine in Russia AN IMPORTANT step was taken re- .t1 cently in the organization of the RUSSIA is,in a state of great spir- itual famine. Thousands con- Egypt and Sudan Sunday School verted during the war have spread Union, made up of representatives of the Gospel and created widespread the Evangelical Church, the Egyptian expectancy of a reformation. Whole Anglican Church, the Holiness Movetowns in Siberia have sent deputa- ment and the Sunday-schools of the tions begging Protestant churches to Egypt General Mission. In time the give them more instruction concern- Orthodox Coptic Church may also coing the Christian faith and life. The operate. Hitherto much of the Sunpeople are sick of a mere ceremonial day-school movement has been in the religion. They are ready as never hands of missionaries but the present before for the message of God's Word. plan is to entrust the principal re- sponsibility to the churches of Egypt There are practically no Bibles to and to encourage more effective commeet this great awakening. There is bined effort by Egyptian leaders supa governmental restriction requiring ported by Egyptian gifts. the printing of Bibles to be done within the country. Plans for the school year include Russia's heart has been plowed deep. thirteen provincial conferences and Sorrow upon sorrow has come upon one in Cairo; strengthening of the the people. The war took 100,700,000 movement to gather street children of her sons and left 7,000,000 into Bible classes; using as widely wounded, many of them permanent as possible the illustrated books for invalids. Civil wars, hatred and re- coloring, "The Finding of the Baby venge, reprisals, terrible epidemics, Moses," "The Good Samaritan" and and famines have added to the burden "The Prodigal Son" ; also the circu- of sorrow. The tears of millions have lation of "Jesus the King of Love"

prepared the soil for the seed of truth. and "Joseph the Kindly Brother."

They must have the Bible in their Professor Levonian's new book "Mos- own language and copies in their lem Mentality" is cordially recom- homes. There are newly formed Gos- mended to all missionaries and Egyp- pel churches which do not possess a tian teachers. Special prayer is asked single copy of the Scriptures. Copies that throughout Moslem lands teach- are so rare that when one is obtained, ers may consecrate themselves to lead- it goes to a church for public use ing pupils to personal surrender to rather than to an individual. Think Christ.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

At the Congo Jubilee Conference lia. Altogether thirty-five were ap- T HE Congo Jubilee and West Afri- proved last year in Britain. ca Conference held at Kinshassa, Thirty new workers were sent on Belgian Congo, in September brought together one hundred and ninety-one, last year and a new field opened in including children, from Angola, Abyssinia. On the anniversary of that Uganda, French Gabon, the Camer- forward step three stations had been oons, Liberia, Nigeria, Europe and opened in that new field, and three America. There were five Negroes in new stations also opened in Nigeria. the Conference, two from Liberia and three from the United States. The sending out of thirty-five new workers involves not only additional One of the most noteworthy features need of more than thirty-five thousand of the Conference was the attitude of dollars this year, but demands the the delegates to a united church. It opening of at least seven new stations was a spiritual and mental uplift. Dr. which can hardly be erected and fur- Holly (colored) told the colored peo- nished for less than a thousand dollars ple of the West Coast that God liked each. the white people because they have character, and the white people have But the mission has always acted made all the spiritual things "white." on the basis of obedience to the Lord Goodness is 'white; angels are white; in praying that laborers shall be sent Adam was white. They sing, "Wash into their needy field, and they have me and I shall be whiter than snow. always regarded the answer' to that Now, what the black man must do is prayer as an indication that the Lord to develop character so that the white of the Harvest intended that every people will want to be black and, in- approved worker should be sent forth in the confidence that He who sent would surely sustain, stead of singing, 'Make me whiter She Started a School than snow,' will want to sing, 'Make me blacker than coal.' " AWRITER in Life and Work, Church of Scotland magazine, The sessions on land, labor and gov- gives the following account of seed ernments and on the indigenous falling on good ground in the Kikuyu church considered problems which country. may be solved as we get light and help from every source available. "My first Sunday at Nyeri a thin poor-looking girl came to greet me The next conference is to be held and said she could not come to sew five years hence and there will be as she had her school which I had regional conferences in 1931. The new told her to start. I was much astonofficers of the Conference are: Presi- ished, but found that she had taken dent, Mr. Cartwright of the Congo seriously my oft-repeated exhortation Bololo Mission; vice-president, Her- that those whom I taught should pass bert Smith; full-time secretary, Em- on to others what they had learned. ory Ross.-ReI·bert Smith in World Many years ago she had been brought Call. to the hospital as a patient. After two years there she became as well as ever More Missiona.ries for the Sudan she will be. She did sewing for a time T HE Sudan Interior Mission is re- in order to continue at school, and ceiving more applicants for serv- two years ago went home 'to teach ice in the Sudan and Abyssinia than the others,' for there were no Chris- ever before. Five sailed for Nigeria tians and no school in her district.

on October 20th, and seven sailed the When I went to see her I found she following week for Abyssinia. Seven had light in her hut, a space for her hope to leave shortly from Canada, bed shut off, and the rest of it filled and seven have been accepted from with tree-trunk seats. She had an New Zealand, with two from Austra- ancient bit of blackboard, and several

of her scholars had bought slates and and now Rev. A. B. Lloyd has written primers and even hymn books. Here "More About Apolo." The story of she had been teaching for two years, his work among the pygmies is a wonholding 'morning and evening prayers, derful record. When it was suggested and had now a school of over 30 reg- recently that he should visit England, ular scholars, 30 occasional and 19 of he said he would dearly love to see them were going to the evangelist's the wonders of this land; but before class in Nyeri to prepare for baptism. he consented he must seek God's will The chief had threatened to burn her about it. Next morning he came to hut down once, and she had said: Mr. Lioyd and said, "Last night I 'Very well, but you burn me inside it.' prayed very much to God about what you asked me. I should love to tell "Her father is dead, and her mother the people of the great needs of the and young brother are among her pu- work out here. But, oh sir, it cannot pils." be. Think of my pOOl' people to be left without their shepherd; there is Cruelty of Pagau Africa no one to take my place." With such men as Apolo in Africa-and there MISS ELMS of Iyi Enu, Nigeria, are many of them-who can doubt tells the story of Mo-ozi, a clever Africa's redemption ?-Chu1'Ch Mismusician much in demand at heathen sionary Gleaner. feasts and dances, and in this way well informed of the secrets of juju Battling Sleeping Sickness worship. An infected hand brought him to the mission dispensary where SECRETARY W. R. WHEELER, in he learned of Christ, became a Bible the January issue of The Interna– reader, and renounced the ways of tional Review of Missions, reports heathenism. The juju priests were facts in the fight against sleeping sickbitterly angry, fearing that he would ness in Western Africa, the heart of divulge their secrets and spirited him the sleeping sickness area. Sixtyaway. After some months he reap- three pel' cent of the population is peared, but with the mind of a child infected. But percentages vary in difor even worse, wholly incapable of ferent sections. About 100,000 cases consecutive thought or speech. It was are at present known in the Camclear that the terrible punishment of eroons. Until recently there was no the juju priests had fallen upon him. known remedy for this dread disease, By some means his mind had been but now there are three, the best of cleared of all past events so that he which is the discovery of an Americould not reveal juju secrets. There can woman doctor, described in the are martyrs who are slain for the December issue. Dr. J arnot, the testimony of Jesus. There are also French head of the government work living martyrs.-Sunday School Times. for these cases, and his staff have examined 1,000,000 of the 2,000,000 In the Pygmy Forest in the Cameroons. He claims that practically all the patients in the first ONE of the outstanding personali- stage of the disease can be saved, and ties of the African Church is about sixty-five per cent of those in Apolo whose official title is Canon the second and third stages. Mr. Apolo Kivebulaya, of the Church Mis- Wheeler thus describes those in the sionary Society. It was from Alex- third and fatal stage-unless relieved: ander Mackay that Apolo first heard the story of the love of God in Christ Those in this stage were seated upon Jesus, and, finding Christ for him- benches outside the hospital. One of self, he longed to tell his fellow Afri- them gesticulated at us wildly-he had cans that Jesus loved them. become insane-and kept counting in French. Next to these men were a group The story of "Apolo of the Pygmy of those who had increased abnormally Forest" was published some time ago,

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

in weight. Beyond them were a group be avoided. They would show a united of men and women, thin and emaciated, front against the common enemy of who as they tried to sit erect were con- social evils and work unitedly for the tinually falling forward in sleep. Again improvement of conditions. and again, one of them, a woman, tried to sit upright, her eyes fixed upon us in WESTERN ASIA mute entreaty and appeal. Continually A Sunday School Conference her head sank lower and finally, with a gesture of resignation and despair, she T HE Executive Committee of the fell forward in the sleep that so re- Union has voted that the name of sembles death.

This disease differs widely from so- the Union should hereafter be The Bicalled sleeping sickness in America. ble Lands Sunday School Union for Religious Education. Its activities are Wireless to the Heart of Africa not limited to Sunday-school work and I N THE heart of the Congo, Ameri- the by-laws state its aim to be "to can missionaries can now listen in organize and develop Sunday-schools, to news from the United States. C. Young People's Societies, Vacation Bi- R. Stegall, superintendent of the Car- ble Schools, The Servants of the Near son Industrial School, American Pres- East, etc., and to aid in all possible byterian Congo Mission, at Luebo, ways in the field of religious educa- Belgian Congo, wrote to station WGY. tion."

"I tuned in at 2 a. m., local time, Several national and regional Sun- and heard you with complete satis- day-school conferences and convenfaction until after 8 o'clock. In be- tions have been held in both Syria and half of the group of 14 Americans Palestine and the time has come for here in the heart of Africa, may I a more general convention to discuss express sincere appreciation. We knew not only Sunday-school work but also through you of the election of our other forms of religious education, and new president as quickly as did the that such a convention should be ofgeneral public in America. It takes ficially open to delegates from Iraq, the ordinary mail some times three Trans-Jordania, Palestine and Syria. months to reach this interior post, so Plans are made to hold the convention that you will appreciate what this in Baalbec, either the last week of means to us loyal Americans." March or the second week in April.- World Wide S. S. News.

Cooperation in South Africa T THE Dutch Reformed Mission The Baptists in Galilee A Synod of South Africa, last au- A tumn, the Moderator introduced the BAPTIST church in Nazareth re- ports a Sunday-school with an av- subject of cooperation between the erage attendance of 235, maintained Dutch Reformed Mission Church and by the Southern Baptists. Its location the other churches doing work among is near the traditional site of that synnon-Europeans in the Union of South agogue in which Jesus Christ, return- Africa. The proposal to hold a con- ing from Capernaum, read the Bible ference at which matters of mutual lessons at a regular service, as de- interest would be discussed was heart- scribed by Luke. The organization is ily supported by various speakers. rapidly becoming self supporting and Rev. Mr. Botha referred to the neces- the pastor reports that he is about to sity of creating a better mutual un- establish a new Baptist church at derstanding among all the Christian Cana, where Christ performed his first denominations. Another advantage of miracle. Converts number more than the proposed conference would be that twenty, and come chiefly from people overlapping in the work and mistrust who have not been identified with among people doing work of the same other religious bodies. The future of nature among the same people would Nazareth, from a business point of

view, fully warrants expansion, and mation of the Council in 1912," says the same is true of Cana. the Poona journal, Dryanodaya. Dr.

Baptists of the South purpose to John R. Mott, the Chairman of the further extend their work throughout International Missionary Council, and Palestin.e. They report twenty times other international Christian leaders, as many baptisms in Southern Europe like Mr. Chen of China, Mr. Max Yer- in the past six years as during the gan of Africa, Miss de Dietrich of fifty years previous to 1921.-Record France, were present. Striking ad- of Christian WOT/c. dresses were made by Dr. Larsen, Mr.

K. T. Paul, the Rev. C. H. Monahan Evangelism in Persia and Miss Tilak, on the Christian Mes- lITERATURE and the Bible are tak- sage and on Racial Relationships.

Ling a larger place in methods of The most remarkable aspect of the evangelism in Persia. A tract invit- Council was the evidence of the prog- ing Moslems to read the Bible and ress made in the direction of making become Christians has been written Christian Missions in India Church- by a young convert in joy for an- centric and, what is still more signif- swered prayer when his father, living icant, Christ-centric. The progressive in another city, confessed Christ. This Indianization of the aims and ideals tract is designated by an experienced of the Council reached a striking con- evangelist missionary of Persia as the summation in the election to the chair best first approach to Moslems he has for the next two years of the Bishop ever seen. of Dornakal, Bishop Azariah, a noble In a special Bible week in Tabriz, son of India, the worthiest candidate Persia, more than one thousand copies for President. of Scripture were sold. One of the greatest problems be- fore the Council, is how to bring the INDIA AND BURMA Indian Church itself into closer co- For Revival in India operation with the Council.

A LETTER just to hand from Rev. The Council invited the Rev. J. Z. R. J. Ward, of Coonoor, Nilgiri Hodge to become a Secretary of the Hills, India, widely known as editor Council in succession to Dr. Macnicol of the Prayer Circular for India, BUT- and Miss Oliver was invited to become 'Ina, says: "All your readers who a Secretary temporarily in place of have laid upon their hearts much Miss Van Doren.

prayer for India at this critical time Among the topics discussed were: will be interested in knowing that 10,- the promotion of international friend- 000 copies of a leaflet, giving a brief ship, theological education, the legal- account of the Great Revival, 1857-59, izing of marriage and divorce among and translated into the principal lan- Indian Christians, the relief of de- guages of South India, are being dis- pressed classes in the United Prov- tributed among the Indian Christians, inces, and the application of the find- with the hearty cooperation of mis- ings of the Jerusalem Conference.

sionaries and Indian pastors. We count upon the prayers of your read- Open-Air Preaching W ers, that the result, by God's blessing, HENEVER the Church has neg- lected Gospel preaching a period may be a great and widespread spiritual awakening."-The Christian. of spiritual decline has resulted, that has not been arrested until there has India's National Christian Council come a revival of zeal for evangelistic T HE December meeting of the preaching. The Reformation in Eu- National Christian Council for rope was made possible by a preach- India, Burma and Ceylon was the most ing revival. The Wesleyan revival in remarkable session held since the for- England and America resulted from

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

a zealous determination to preach the by their own blameless lives, but by Gospei. Wesley and his associates in- countless pl'l.ieiical activities for the sisted on their right to preach where- good of the people of India. My own ever they went. When the churches dominions have been enriched by their were closed against them they took to most admirable medical and educa- the open air. In their meetings out- tional work."-Christian Century.

of-doors they won to Christ those who later erected church buildings and or- The Karen Centennial R ganized congregations for the Wes- EV. C. E. CHANEY, in the Ran- goon NMOS, describes the Burma leyan and other Methodist Churches. A majority of the people now living Baptist Convention, drawing its dele- in India will never hear a Christian gates from every race and section of sermon unless there is a revival of Burma. The convention marked the open-air preaching. Relatively few centenary of the baptism of the Chris- Hindus and Mm;lems ever enter a tian Karen Ko Tha Byu. Beside the Christian Church. A larger number dhobe pond where the baptism took hear the Gospel preached or taught place was held a celebration of that each year in Christian schools but event. The deputation from America they who may go once in a lifetime comprised Dr. and Mrs. J. C. Rob- to a service in a church and they who bins, Mr. and Mrs. Aldrich, Prof. H.

may attend ,a Christian school are as B. Robins, members of the American a drop in a bucket compared to the Baptist Foreign Mission Board, and multitude who will never do either.- Miss Burnham.

Indian Witness. At a baptismal service, held at the same dhobe tank in which a hundred Maharajah Welcomes Student. years ago Ko Tha Byu was baptized, MYSORE city gave a royal welcome from 1,200 to 1,400 people were gath- to the conference. Mysore is an ered to witness a good confession of Indian state under a Hindu mahara- Christ. Pastors of the Karen, Bur- jah, and it is significant that he has mese, Chinese and Indian communities invited the whole federation to his assisted in the service when ten In- capital and placed at their disposal dians, six Karens, four Burmese and all conveniences duri"ng the confer- three Chinese were baptized.

ence. At the opening meeting the A century ago one missionary stood maharajah welcomed the delegates in with one lone convert, the first for the most friendly terms. The keynote a whole nation, with possibly a very of his address was the deep unity un- few friends to witness the scene. To- derlying the apparent differences be- day, in the presence of a great mul- tween religions and the belief that the titude, a group of candidates from followers of all religions are engaged each of four great leading commu- in "the quest of the human spirit aft- nities, Burman, Karen, Indian and er God," which he characterized as Chinese, were baptized. Then there "so important, so universal, so heroic, was no great national R:roup of Chris- and at best falling so far short of tians to welcome the one lone adven- perfect fulfillment, that we have all turer. Today the multitude of much to learn one from another … ' .. witnesses are delegates of great Chris- "Nor would I have you think that tian communities scattered all over we in India are unappreciative of Burma.-Missions.

Christianity and the teachings of Christ. For some centuries mission- Methodist Jubilee in Burma T aries, many of them men and women HIS year marks the completion of a half century of Methodist work who would have won the highest distinction in their own countries, have in Burma. It was begun by Bishop commended the teachings of Christ to Thoburn in 1879 and is now facing a us, not only in word and writing, and heavy challenge to wider fields of use-

fulness and new responsibilities. The and centralization, a step which had Jubilee year finds three of the five much to do with that empire's speedy district superintendents in the Burma progress. As for present relations Conference, men of Asia, preachers between the two nations, he exhorted chosen to lead their people into the China to lay aside indignation toward establishing of a church whose life Japan and strive to learn the secret will be rooted in the country. Theirs of Japanese strength, which he per- is a heavy task. Burma has been one sonally believed lay in a centralized of the most indifferent and unrespon- government. He exhorted the people sive of fields for Christian evangel- to enter upon the new stage of prog- ism; and the walls of spiritual ress, reconstruction within the coun- lethargy will not collapse through any try and adjustment of their foreign human agency.-The Indian Witness. relations on a new plane of justice CHINA AND TIBET and equality. He announced what the American Students in China military disarmament conference and a fixed military budget would proba- T HE China Critic reports the visit bly bring in peaceful ways, assuring to Shanghai of 100 American Stu- them of the cessation of civil war and dents touring the world under the of ability to plan confidently for the auspices of the American University future. He dwelt upon the negotiation Travel Association. The editorial of new treaties with twelve countries, goes on to say: some of them doing away with un- Although this will not be the first equal privileges and securing tariff time that Shanghai is privileged to autonomy. This address and Dr.

receive such representative students Wang's utterance-when three days from America, yet the increasing fre- before Manchuria joined the Nationquency and popularity of learning by al Government and raised the white travel only serves to emphasize the sun flag-are in Dr. Wang's words growing conviction abroad that China among the most significant items in has much to offer for the betterment recent political developments in the of world civilization. The visiting Far East. From a missionary view- students should be received on the point, the facts above mentioned are ground that they come to study China still more promising because of the and the Chinese, not to be entertained majority of Christian members in the by them. An intelligent program de- cabinet. signed to give them the most typical "S phases of our national life, compli- More Mis,..ionaries for China mentary or otherwise, will go a long END us more missionaries" is in way toward instilling in their minds effect the message received by a healthy interest in things Chinese, the Conference of British Missionary instead of merely satisfying their curi- Societies in a memorandum from the osity about a country so little under- National Christian Council of China, stood and so much misunderstood. which held its sixth annual meeting at Shanghai. The memorandum Chiang's New Yesr Message states: "The Council is deeply con- PRESIDENT CHIANG, following vinced that, for a long time to come, Western calendars, on January first the help of missionaries will be reannounced to the nation some import- quired, in one part of China or an- ant facts. He urged its foremost mili- other, for practically every type of tary leaders to follow the example of work. While administrative responsi- Japan's Shogun at the time when the bilities will be increasingly carried new order began there and he turned by Chinese, even here there will be over military authority to the Central stilI some service to be rendered by Government for the sake of unification missionaries, and there is an ever en-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

larging need for specially trained men of Christ, to the end that a sound, and women of deep consecration as constructive public opinion may be the Church seeks to enter into new created. and wider fields of service."-British Missionary Herald. JAPAN AND KOREA Church Union in China Wom.en Reforlllers in Japan CHINESE Christian writers are REFORMS, backed by the women coming to the front. Denomina- of Japan, are intended to raise tionalism, doctrinal points of conten- the legal age for purchasers of liquor, tion take second place with the to prohibit the system of licensed prosspiritual emphasis on the Christian re- titution and to win woman suffrage ligion. The central aim of the Chinese and higher education for women. Christian Church is to weld together Miss Shizu Ishikawa of Tokyo says: the scattered divisions, resulting from our western sectarianism, and stress "While liquor may not be sold to Jesus Christ, Saviour and Redeemer, minors under twenty-one years of age, as corner stone of this union. A full we are trying to raise the age to expression of a basic creed is reserved twenty-five years. As for prositution, until such time as it may be truly a the situation in Japan is greatly deproduct of the Chinese Christians, and plored by women. Should woman sufnot patterned after the churches of frage be obtained, its death knell the Occident. The brief Doctrinal would surely sound. It is a publicly Statement is as follows: recognized business with city li- censes." The Church of Christ in China, being autonomous, will have the prerogative Korean Mission Progress of formulating its own doctrinal statements, but these will, we believe, in the DR. RHODES, in the January providence of God, and under the teach- Korean Mission Field, gives staing of His Spirit, be in essential har- tistics to show that Christian progmony with the beliefs of the Christian ress, so marked for forty years, has Church in other lands. As such a decla- ceased, and states reasons for this halt ration of beliefs has not yet been form- in Pentecostal progress. He says: ulated, the United Church formulates "Some think that political changes this creedal statement of fundamentals. have blighted the hopes and aspira- tions of the Korean people, that new Our bond of union consists: regulations have hindered the free- In our faith in Jesus Christ as our dom of propaganda. Others think Redeemer and Lord on whom the Chris- that economic changes have been the tian Church is founded; and in an earn- chief cause, that living conditions est desire for the establishment of His have become very much harder, that Kingdom throughout the whole earth. the people have become too much en- In our acceptance of the Holy Scrip- grossed in the material things of life. tures of the Old and New Testaments Other causes that are given are the as the divinely inspired Word of God, almost complete change of social and the supreme authority in matters standards, the craze for education, the of faith and duty. tendency to discard the old and yield In our acknowledgment of the to red influences." Apostles' Creed as expressing the fundamental doctrines of our common evan- Dr. Rhodes calls attention to the gelical faith. adverse circumstances under which Believing in the unity of the body of St. Paul established churches, and Christ, we declare that everyone who then adds: "As a matter of fact, from the heart accepts the above state- when the Christian Movement halts, ment of faith is sincerely welcomed by it is due principally to weaknesses us, and recognized as united with us in within the church itself, and it is in the one communion. this sphere that the remedy must for the most part be sought. In the ac- Chinese Christians are resolved so to witness for Christ that their social, industrial and national relationships may increasingly reflect the Spirit

count of the New Testament Church, are full church members. About three not much is said about education, so- years ago they resolved, on their own cial, economic betterment, the institu- initiative, to support an evangelist to tional church buildings, the offerings their own people, and out of their of the church except collections for scanty allowance of a farthing a day the poor. But a great deal is said have raised the £ 3 monthly for his about love, forgiveness, a godly life, salary. They also uphold him by prayer, fasting, teaching of the Word, daily prayer. and receiving the Holy Spirit. 'The Gospel is the power of God unto sal- Scriptures in Formosa vation.' Both missionaries and the Korean church workers admit that FORMOSA, equal in area to half of during the last number of years there Scotland, has a varied popUlation has been a let up on the evangelistic comprising 150,000 Malays, still savdrive. At all costs, evangelism must age; civilized aborigines, who have be the life of the church." copied Chinese ways; Chinese set- tlers; Spanish and Dutch settlers, New Purity Laws and Japanese, 200,000 of whom dom- inate the island. A Bort of Romanized COMMISSIONER GUMPEI YAM- Chinese script has been devised, very Al.IURO of the Salvation Army, easy to read: even an illiterate peasis one of the great leaders in moral ant can master it in two weeks. By progress. In the campaign against this means large numbers of Bibles vice and prostitution his voice is both and other Christian literature is made thunder and lightning. The Decem· available and circulated with good reber number of the magazine Purity sults. contains a letter from Yamamuro addressed to both operators and inmates ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC of brothels whom he calls on to heed the demands of a modern age and Cooperation in Suva to cease participation in what is the world's worst form of slavery. He TRAVELERS visiting Fiji are sururges girls in these institutions to prised to find that although the take advantage of the new national Methodists have the largest mission laws providing a means of escape for there is no European church in Suva. those who will report to the nearest Proposals are now under way to copolice box and make known their de- operate with the Presbyterians, the sire. Indebtedness to masters has in suggestion being that every three the past been the means of holding years a Presbyterian and a Methodist young women in bondage, but by ar- minister shall be appointed alternaterangement with the officers of the law ly to the charge of the work in Suva. these debts may be paid at a later It is hoped that definite details may date and need no longer postpone the soon be worked out. right to freedom.-The Christian Century. Tristan da Cunha An Active Leper Church T HE scope of a missionary's task in Tristan da Cunha would seem THE faithful witnessing of Chris- to embrace all the activities of the tion lepers is commonly known, British Government, as well as ecclebut the zeal of the inmates at Fusan siastic concerns. Rev. R. C. Pooley, Leper Home is worthy of special com- in charge of the S. P. G. Mission on ment. This Home, the first to be es- the island, is head of the local govtablished in Korea, has been sheltering ernment, food controller, health officer, 500 needy sufferers. Practically all chief justice, head of school board and profess belief in Jesus Christ, and 145 chief ornithologist and pathologist, not to speak of minor offices. The spiritual work is, however, the essen-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

tial duty. Religious services bring complishment of it. Meanwhile the large audiences and the people honor Carnegie Corporation in New York their church. They manifest grati- City have commissioned Dr. Kenyon tude for all that is done for them, L. Butterfield to visit South Africa and in spite of bitter hardships, their for the purpose of studying rural con- Christian spirit is buoyant. ditions in that part of the world, and he will spend three or four months Samoan Church Centenary on this itinerary.

ONE hundred years ago the first Dr. Butterfield is the former presi- avowed Christian, who had heard dent of two of the foremost American of Christ in Tonga, came to Samoa Agricultural Colleges, Massachusetts as a missionary and gathered a group and Michigan. He was a member of of Christian believers. The Australian the Country Life Commission ap- Methodist Church in 1835 sent down pointed by President Roosevelt, and its first missionary, and discovered again a member of the Educational that there were about 2,000 people who Commission sent to China by the mis- counted themselves Christians and ad- sionary boards in 1921. He has been herents of the Lotu Tonga or Chris- President of the American County tian religion. The Rev. H. E. An- Life Association since 1918; of the drews, President of the New South World Agricultural Society since 1919, Wales Conference, recently went to and is the author of "A Christian Samoa to represent Australia, and to Program for the Rural Community."

help celebrate the centenary. He attended the Jerusalem meeting as the specialist on rural problems and The Filipino United Church made most valuable contributions to the discussion. WORD has recently come of the first annual gathering of the dele- The EliDlination of Leprosy gates of the Filipino United Church which embraces the Presbyterian, T HE American Mission to Lepers United Brethren and Congregational held its annual meeting in New Churches. The delegates met in the York City on January 7th and pro- Union Seminary, Manila. One ques_ posed plans to advance the "freeing tions why the Methodists and Dis- of the earth from leprosy." Forma- ciples were not mentioned as meeting tion of a committee of 1,000,000 to with the other denominations, as the obtain funds and support the fight on Methodists are the most numerous of leprosy was discussed by the assemall in membership.-Congregationalist. blage upon a suggestion in a letter from Dr. Justin Abbott. The year's MISCELLANEOUS fund is set at a greater figure than Importance of Bnr..l Missions $226,000 collected last year.

T HE Jerusalem meeting of the In- Dr. William Jay Schieffelin, re- ternational Missionary Council counted in his President's report the adopted the following recommenda- assistance given to the work in Jetion: rusalem, Africa and the South Sea Islands. He said that one of the most "We recommend that as soon as beneficial results of the campaign was practicable the Committee of the In- the training of lepers in farming, ternational Missionary Council em- weaving, nursing and livestock raisploy a competent staff member to give ing, whereby they are able to help full time to the service of rural mis- support their hospitals and colonies. sions in all parts of the world."

Earnest efforts are being made by Only one hundred lepers remain in the officers of the Council to carry Palestine according to the report of out this recommendation, but it is Dr. T. Canaan, head of the Jesus-Help still too early to report the full ac- Hospital in Jerusalem.

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Why Believe It1 By Delavan L. Pierson, en of our schools and colleges, of our author of "The Life of Arthur T. Pier- churches and our homes. son." 12 mo. cloth. 176 pp. $1.50. New York. 1928. CHARLES R. ERDMAN.

These chapters on the basis for the A History of Christian Missions in China. Christian faith and life are concise, By K. S. Latourette. 8 vo. 930 pp. lucid, convincing, sane. They demon- $5. 1929.

strate the reasonableness of our reli- Events in China have provided the gious faith. As stated in the sub- newspapers with front page "scare title, they show that Christian beliefs line" news for some years. It is an "based on the Bible" are "corroborated intensely interesting country, with a by science, philosophy and experience." remarkable people and a noteworthy They are also "practical studies." history. The missionary history is They aim to secure not merely intel- linked up with every phase of Chinese lectual assent, but moral resolution. progress – political, economic, educa- They cover a wide range of topics, tional, social and religious. No his- from the doctrine of the Trinity, to tory of China can ignore the mission- the return of Christ, including prob- ary influence and a missionary history lems relating to the Scriptures, to sin, throws floods of light on all the his- to prayer and to the future life. Even tory during the past century. Only such matters as "money," and "recrea- those who saw China twenty-five years tion," and "marriage and divorce," are ago and who have seen it again in the treated frankly, fairly, and in relation past decade can realize what tremen- to the conditions of modern days. dous strides the republic has made, Moreover, these varied themes are ar- and only those who know the best of ranged in a logical order and follow the modern Chinese leaders can esti- in natural sequence. mate the influence that Christian mis- The positions taken by the writer sions have had in forming the char- are positive and definite, but his spirit acters and ideals of these leaders.

is never polemic or severe. Every Dr. Latourette, formerly a mission- conclusion is based upon the clear ary in China and now Professor of teaching of the Scriptures and is sup- Missions and Oriental History in Yale ported by the testimony of science and University, has given us a masterpiece philosophy and Christian experience. in its presentation of facts, its clear In these days when doubts, denials analysis of the basic principles of and negations are so popular and Christianity in its missionary en- prevalent, the quiet confidence and in- deavors, and in its orderly and read- telligent reasoning of the author will able chronicling of missionary his- go far toward steadying the wavering tory. The authorities quoted are faith. They are well adapted to Bible numerous and varied. The record be- class work and those who become gins with Christianity in China be- familiar with these chapters should fore the Mongol dynasty in the first do all in their power to place them in ten centuries of the Christian era.

the hands of the young men and wom- The Nestorians, who left their his- 318

BOOKS WORTH READING

toric monument, arrived in 635 A. D. He has learned the Chinese language Then follows the story of Roman Cath- and dialects, has translated, written, olic missions from the thirteenth cen- spoken and in other ways has broad- tury onward, the Russian Orthodox cast reliable information. The mis- mission beginning in the seventeenth sionary enterprise has been "The one century, and Protestant missions great agency whose primary function founded in 1807. In all 140 pages are is to bring China into contact with given to early Roman Catholic mis- the best in the Occident." The chief sions and 100 pages to later Roman value and function of the missionary Catholic and Russian Orthodox mis- enterprise is, however, to reveal God sions. The Protestant work is viewed to the Chinese through Jesus Christ in its early days, its relation to the as the Way of Life.

T'ai Ping Rebellion, the reforms and Summer-And Winter, or 1927. A Wintry reactions connected with the Boxer Chapter in the Story of The China uprising, the revolt and establishment Inland Mission. Marshall Broomhall. of the Republic, the growing reform 96 pp. Philadelphia. 1928. movements in education, politics and industry, and the recent internal In this short pamphlet Mr. Broomstruggles with the accompanying Rus- hall, the gifted writer of the China sian activity and anti-foreign sentiment. Inland Mission, tells of the sufferings of the members of the Mission during The encyclopedic character of the the trying year of 1927. He also information on the subject is indi- speaks of the signs of hope-inclUding cated by the 55 pages of index. There the ability of the Mission, partly beis a map but it is the least satisfactory cause of favorable exchange, to meet all the extraordinary expenses neces- feature of the book for it gives little sitated by evacuation, the number of information on the subject. A glance missionaries who were able to remain at the index shows the volume as a at their stations, encouraging success rich mine for those who would dig in evangelistic work in a few places, into the story of missions in China. and now the return of many workers It reveals the famous missionaries to their fields. K. S. L.

and outstanding Christians, the insti- Bhikshugita. the Mendicant's Song. A tutions and movements for and against Christianity, and great events in mis- Translation of the 23d Chapter of the sionary history. Eknathi Bhagavata. By Justin E. Abbott. pp. x, 247. Summit, N. J. Professor Latourette devotes the 1927.

last chapter to a summary and con- A missionary Marathi scholar trans- clusions. He emphasizes the unselfish lates and comments on this sixteenth motives back of the whole missionary century Hindu, Eknath's, vernacular movement and the varied forms and version of a ninth century Sanskrit auspices under which it has been pro- Purana. The God Krishna tells para- moted, contrasting especially Protes- bolically the story of a miser's life, his tants and Roman Catholics. As to re- conversion, subsequent asceticism, with sults he calls attention to the two and consequent persecution and inward a half million baptized Christians, the happiness. It shows the evils of character and influence of the great avarice, the right use of wealth and majority of these Christians, the how, through a sincere approach to transformations in educational and so- God, the heart may become pure. The cial life for which missions are Over-soul, soul, good and bad mind largely responsible, the influence on and adoration are represented as ele- women and children, the dissemina- ments in holiness. An English glos- tion of literature and finally the dis- sary of Marathi terms and life of integration of non-Christian faiths. Eknath are illuminating. It also con- The missionary has been a great in- tains ninety-two pages of Marathi terpreter of China to the Occident. text. H. P. BEACH.

The Red Lama. By Mildred Cable and and New Testaments, and the Apoc- Francesca French. 44 pp. Is. Phila- rypha, this character appears in the delphia. 1927. role of the ancient Greek chorus. Of course the lines are not read, for this This moving little booklet tells the would destroy the effect, but recited story of a Red Lama of Tibet, who in a dignified and impressive manner. appears upon the scene in chains because deemed mad, though he was The plays are interesting and well simply beside himself because of be- chosen. Some of the dramas preing robbed of all his possessions. A sented are: James of Galilee; Cain Chinese Christian doctor saw the sit- and Abel; Diana of the Ephesians; uation, got possession of him and Sampson and Delilah; David and gradually restored him to health. Goliath; Abraham and Isaac; The Then the Christian children and the Mess of Potage; Judith. life in the missionary home brought him to see the beauty of Christ and JAMES F. RIGGS.

His people. While an incomplete NEW BOOKS story, it simply and effectively tells of Between the Lights. Thoughts for the Quiet Hour. Compiled and arranged the softening influences of Jesus in by Fanny B. Bates. 441 pp. $2. Crowell. New York. 1929. that vividly pictured Tibetan environ- ment. H. P. B.

Bible Dramas. William Ford Manley. Children of the Light in India. Mrs. Radio Plays adapted for Church and Arthur Parker. 192 pp. $2. Revell. Social Gatherings. 225 pp. $2. New 1929. . York. 1928. Children of the Chief. Mary Entwistle. Such a volume is evidence of an un- 76 pp. 40c. Missionary Education mistakably growing interest in dra- Movement. New York. 1929. matic material suitable for church use. The beauty of these productions is Friend or Foe 1 Honor Series. S. E. Bur- row. 129 pp. Is. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. London. 1929.

due to two factors: first, the sim- The Great· Empire of Silence-Lenten plicity of the setting, and second, the Meditations. Robert Merrill Bartlett. 60 pp. $1.25. Pilgrim Press. Boston. deep Biblical impression made. These 1929. factors help the audience when the The Missionary Education of Primary Chilimagination is quickened to supply de- dren. Wilhelmina Stooker. 182 pp. tails and to think out situations. $1. Missionary Education Movement. Thus a new impact is made on mind New York. 1929. and heart. One can well imagine after hearing one of these plays that A Modern Martyr-Theophane Venard. many will say, "I never understood Revised and annotgted by The Very Rev. James A. Walsh. 238 pp. $1. that part of the Bible before. Now I Catholic Foreign Missionary Society of America. Maryknoll. 1929. see what it means."

A large amount of liberty, at times Protestantism in the United States. Arch- er B. Bass. 364 pp. $3. Crowell. New too much liberty, is used in the use of York. 1929. Biblical material. The language in Religious Life in Christian Un!versities some places is too modern. In the and Colleges of China 1927-1928. Edited play entitled Diana of the Ephesians, by C. S. Miao, Frank W. ~rice. 47 l?P. one of the characters is made to talk China Christian EducatIOn ASSOCIaas though he was living on Twenty- tion. Shanghai. 1929.

Third St., New York. In some cases The River Plate Republics. A Survey of there is reason to question and to dis- the Religious, Economic and Social conditions in Argentina, Paraguay and approve of the interpretation. Unau- Uruguay. Webster E. Browning. 139 thenticated data is also sometimes pp. 58. World Dominion Press. Lonadded. don. 1929.

One feature which deserves notice Annual Report New York Bible Societyis the Reader. In all of the twelve 1928. 36 pp. N. Y. Bible Society. New dramas which are taken from both Old York. 1929.

THE .A modern treatmen.t

of the subject com- BISHOP THEODORE S. HENDERSON of the CITY'S CHURCH- Methodist Episcopal Church, died on parable with Josiah February 11th after a very brief illness. a problem in the' Strong's' 'The Chal- He was born in Milburn, N. J., in 1868, yast muddling vat lenge of the City" and was graduated from Wesly,ln Uni- of humanity. versity and Drew Theological Seminary. After holding several successful pas- By H. PAUL DOUGLASS torates in Brooklyn, New York and else- where he was elected Bishop in 1921 and AuthQr of "Fmm Survey to Service." "The Church at the time of his death was in charge in the Changing City" of Ohio and Kentucky. During the late war he was executive secretary of the Vihrant with the activity of city life, Dr. Doug}m'''' War· Council of the Methodist Church, pJaees in proper perspeetive a unique interpretaand has been very influential in evan- tion of the ('ity and its religious institutions. gelistic and other ministries in every field where he has labored. $1.50 REV. JAMES G*ARFIELD BAILEY, editor FRIENDSHIP PRESS of The P1'esbytel'ian Magazine, died on 150 Fifth Avenue, New York January 4th after a brief illness. Mr. Bailey brought to the editorship of the Magazine a zeal and vision which resuited in substantial developments in the periodical. He wa~ born in Scranton, Pennsylvania, February 22, 1882, and was a graduate of Colgate University and of Unio.n Theological Seminary. After serving as assistant pastor of the Lafay~t~ Avenue Church, Brooklyn, The Women's Missionary Magazine For Forly.two Years Has Broadcast from 1909 to 1911, and pastor of the West Missionary Information Side Presbyterian Church, Englewood, For 1929 New Jersey, from 1911 to 1919, he be- came associate field director of the Pres- A Devotional Page in Every Number byterian New Era Movement. He be- The United Mission Study Courses- came editor of The P1'esbytel'ian Mag- Reviews of Home and Foreign Text Books, azine in 1926.

with Additional Material for Programs *•* A Home Mission Number-The Contribu. ·P,aOFESSOR KOLMODIN, the best known tion of the New American to Our National and most important mission representa- Life tive in Sweden, died on November 24, , A Negro and Indian Number- 1928. He was born at Wisby in 1855 The Negro Mind Revealed in His Literature and served as instructor in the Mission The Indian a National Asset Institute of the Fosterland Society and later as its director. He became P':o- A Junior Special fessor at Upsala and was much sought Egypt Special-Egypt Ancient ana Modern after as a lecturer on missions. Al- India Special-Education in India though a faithful witness and an unre- Best Methods for Societies World Wide Missionary News One Dollar a Year. Send Subscriptions to lenting opponent of rationaliJIm and a defender of the Gospel, he had the tragic . The Women's Missionary Magazine experience of being attacked as a liberal- ist. He was one of the most respected XENIA. OHIO mission advocates in his country.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers.

—-

life MOSLEM WORLD A Quarterly Review of current events, literature, and thought among Mohammedans and the progress of Christian Missions in Moslem Jands.

Edited by REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER. 0.0.. F.R.G.S.

cAssociate Editors PROF'. D. B. MAClJONAI,.D, D D, Hartford, Conn R£v. MURRAY T. Tn'us, B.Litt., India CANON W. H T. GAIRDNltR, B A, Cairo MR. MARSHALL BROOM HALL, London R£v. H. U. WEITBRltCHT StANtON, London RJtv. E. M. WHERRY, D.D., India PROi". VM. G. SHltLLABEAR, D.D., Hartford, Conn. PROF. AR'L'HUR ]"tf'III!:RY, Cairo, F,gypt PRI)'f. :-I. R'LPJI HARLOW, Northampton. ~Iass.

T HE Moslem Yorld was foull,le!! ill 1'111 to follow up the work oi the cunferences on evangelization of Moslems, held at Cairo in 1906 and at Lucknow in 1911. It is unique in its outlook. at once on phases and conditions of contemporary Islam. and on the missronary work of all sections of the Christian Church among Moslems.

WHAT SOME READERS SAY '''l'HB MOSLICM VORLD j" the Le!'t source of information in the English language with regard to religious movements amollg the Mohammedan peo()ies and with regard to Christian Missions to Moslems. It deals with the literature that relates to Islam and Islamic peoples ~and it is indispens~ able to all those who are interested in their evangelization. Its attitude wlth reference to the world~s need of Christ and the sufficiency of the Christian Gospel is uuwavning but it deals with the great ~~~~ct~~J,Is1~':rlnftar;~~!stAii.!!rOll,;i~re~~.~~!~i~t;1 ~he~~J~~ (~d !.o~f.wiU."-RoBER't E. SPF.ER, D.O., "THE ~fOSLEM WORLD is indispensable for all friends of foreign missions who wish to remain in touch" with the rapid aud kaleido~copic changes among the two hundred and thirty-four milliolls of Moslems. There is at pre:olent no living person commanding such world-wide and intimate know1edge of the prohlems connected with the "Moslem world as the editor-in-chief of this Quarterly.'" -DR. JUT.IFS RTCH'tER, D.D., Professor of ScieJlt'(" of Jfissions, Uni'l'ersity of Bertin.

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• ( We purckased the slide and stereoscoNc departments of Underwood 6' Underwood) :Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WOBLD In writing to IIdvorUsers. THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON. Editor CONTENTS FOR DECEMBER, 1922 Page FRONTISPIECE …•.•….. DR. CHENG CmNG-YI, A LEADING CHINESE CHRISTIAN EDITORIALS •……•…………………………………•………….. 933 THE OUTLOOK IN PALESTINE AND SYRIA THE REVIVAL THE WORLD NEEDS W ANTED—CHRISTIAN WOMEN LEADERS A BETTER OUTLOOK IN MEXICO IN ASIA AMEIlJCAN CHRISTIANS AND ORIENTAL STUDENT!; THE JEWISH SITUATION IN AMERICA ………. By JOHN STUART CONNING 943 An illustrated story of the latge part that Hebrews have in the rife of America and the responsibilities of the Christian Church.

A CHINESE CHRISTIAN LEADER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . By C. G. SPARHAM 952 The life story of Dr. Cheng Ching·Yi, one of the outstanding Christians in China and Chairman of the recent Chinese Christian Confererwe at Shanghai.

ROBERT LAWS, MAKER OF LIVINGSTONIA . . . . . . . . . . By HARLAN P. BEACH 955 A review of 'the fascinating and stimulating history of the pioneer in Centra! Africa, his handicaps and success.

ACCESSIBILITY OF PERSIAN MOSLEMS •…………. By ROBERT E. SPEER 962 An encourag·ing report of Jrigns of a new day dawning for Christian Missions in PerJria. The story of how some Moslems have been won to Christ.

THE MISSIONARY DEMAND AND SUPPLY ……•….. By ROBERT P. WILDER 970 An interesting sta.tement of the calls coming to America for Christian mission· aries to foreign lands and the way in which these calls aTe being met through the Student Volunteer Movement.

GETTING TOGETHER IN GARRETSVILLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . By GEORGE W. EDDY 974 The account of how a community church has been successfully established and conducted, resuiting in spi;ritu.al power and enlarged service.

THE CHURCH SITUATION IN OHIO …………………. By B. H. DARROW 977 Facts gathered from the religious survey of one state showing unoccupied fields and overlapping districts.

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EVIEW1fe VOL. DECEMBER, 1922 NUMBER LXV TWELVE THE OUTLOOK IN P ALESTIN,E AND SYRIA T HE eyes of the world are still on Palestine, the land where Christianity had its birth, and where the East may yet experi- ence a New Birth. It required a World War to depose the despotic Turks. -What will it 'require to enthrone the rejected Christ?

The British administration has been a blessing in many ways, especially in improving health, highways and justice. In the old days when cholera invaded the country, a more or less rigid quarantine showed that there was a public health department but otherwise there was little evidence of the fact. Under the British, this department has promoted sanitation and- has improved the health of all the inhabitants.

The barrenness of land and the almost entire lack of shade trees are being remedied by the agricultural department by planting hundreds of .thousands of trees which, in time, ought to improve greatly the appearance of the land, help to solve the serious lack of fuel and to improve the rainfall. The stamping out of pests, the introduction of new machinery and the improvement of plant and animal life of the country have also claimed the attention of a large staff of agriculturalists.

"The moral and spiritual betterment is not quite so evident," writes Mr. A. Edward Kelsey of the American Friends Mission at Ram Allah. "The drink and social evils are much worse than ten years ago and missionaries and others who feel called to use their utmost influence against these do not meet-with much encouragement from government officials, most of whom laugh or sneer at American prohibition. "

There is little public sentiment against these evils and the only organized efforts against them are tllOse carried on by the Good Templars and the Woman's Christian Temperance Union of Jerusalem.

933

The Protestant missionary organizations of the country show a fine spirit of comity and cooperation and the various Protestant societies are working harmoniously together for the coming of the Kingdom of God. Western Palestine is well occupied but much re- mains to be done in reaching the village population. Eastern Palestine is practically closed to Christian missionary effort and the political regime of Emir Abdullah is even more anti-Christian than the Turkish government was ten years ago. The Christian and Missionary Alliance began work in trans-Jordania early last winter but in a few months the government closed the flourishing school that had been opened and barely allows the missionaries to remain.

From what is witnessed over there, as well as in all Asiatic Turkey, it is evident that Mohammedan governments are as bitterly opposed to religious liberty as they ever were and that little toleration can be expected from them. _ The great mass of Syrians do not welcome the coming of the Zionists and the most intense bitterness has been created by the Balfour Declaration and the talk of a Jewish political state. Riots have occurred in Jerusalem and Jaffa resulting in bloodshed and death and the authorities have to take the utmost precautions at the times of feasts and anniversaries to avoid repetitions of riots. The Christian population has largely refrained from participating in these although their sympathies are with the Mohammedans and are strongly anti-Zionist.

If the British government carries out its proposed educational program in Palestine the time may come when missionary societies may divert some of the money now devoted to schools and use it for more active evangelistic agencies. The increased prosperity of the people and the large number of physicians graduated from the American University at Beirut have made the missionary physician and nurse much less in demand -than they were before the war but stilI the medical missionaries have a work to do in Palestine and many hear the Gospel in the hospitals who would never hear it elsewhere.

The indifference of the people rather than their opposition is what makes missionary work in Palestine most difficult. There is great need for faithful, patient work coupled with the prayers that a better day religiously may dawn for the people of the land where Jesus lived, and that Jews, Mohammedans and nominal Christians may cry out, "What must we do to be saved1"

Recent disturbances in Asia Minor naturally affect the situa- tion in Palestine and Syria. The successes of the Turkish Nation- alists have encouraged the Moslems elsewhere to believe that a sufficiently energetic campaign for self-government will enable them to throw off the yoke of European control and to gain the upper hand over non-Moslems in their territory. Palestine is a coveted

EDITORIAL COMMENT

land on account of its sacred shrines and to the Moslem mind the Christians have no rights or beliefs which Moslems are bound to respect.

A recent letter from our Palestine correspondent, Rev. S. B. Rohold of Haifa, gives some interesting facts and sidelights on the present situation and outlook: "The past two months were memorable. There were many anxious thoughts, parliamentary declarations, joys on one side, sorrows on the other; haughty threats and fears, demonstrations, closings of shops and ill-will. The sky looked dark but all these currents and cross-currents opened up many avenues for Christian service, for testimony, for intercession and for bringing of peace. In the midst of all the trials and sorrows resulting from the unsettled condition of the land, the Lord has blessed and encouraged our undertakings.

"On a recent tour through Syria, we found the people very much disturbed-even more so than in Palestine. Since the land has been handed over to the French its prosperity, happiness and contentment seem to have passed away. The people are discontented, trouble is brooding everywhere, a large army has to be maintained and the military are busy. Without reason Protestants are looked upon with disfavor and suspicion by those in power. There are sixty thousand Greek Orthodox Christians in and near Damascus and since the downfall of Russia, the Greek Orthodox Church in Palestine and Syria has found herself bankrupt. In Palestine, Sir Herbert Samuel, the British High Commissioner, has proved an .Angel of Mercy, for he appointed a commission to help to put the Church finances in order, and asked the King of Rumania. to come to the aid of his Church. But the conditions of Syria are quite different for the French are not friendly to non-Papal organizations.

"In this hour of misfortune, the hearts of many people are tender and . ready to receive the message of God's Redeeming Love. Among the Orthodox Greek priests there is a new spirit of liberality so that they are ready to open their churches freely to Protestants to preach the Gospel to their people and consecrated men have a great opportunity to reach these people with Christ's message.

"In the Jewish colonies in Palestine, many bright young people are busy planting, building, clearing the land, and making roads. The Hebrew Songs of Zion are heard everywhere in the fertile parts of Palestine and all seem anxious to know the Christian view of Zionism. The' dry bones' are coming together, and we pray that the Spirit may enter into them.

"in Jerusalem, there are many signs of new awakening amongst the young Jews towards the claims of Christ. One Jewish Rabbi accepted a supply of Hebrew Christian literature and informed us that a number are making a real search after the Truth."

In spite of the proclamation making Palestine the Jewish national home, Israel's sorrows may only now be beginning in the land of their fathers. During the last few weeks eighteen Jews have been killed but Christians may act as the messengers of peace through the Gospel of God's grace. At the cross, Israel must be reconciled to God and recognize their long-looked-for King and Saviour. The receptive spirit of the Jews in Palestine places an added responsibility on Christians to give them the Gospel.

WANTED-CHRISTIAN WOMEN LEADERS IN ASIA T HE women of Asia, after centuries of suppression, are com- ing forward to exert their influence in politics, business, education and religion as well as in social and domestic life. In Japan, where before Buddhism entered, women had a higher position than today, one of the leading bankers is a woman; others are engaged in education, business and social work and are even making their voice heard in the political .world. In China, there are women newspaper editors, women's clubs, women financiers and women reformers. In India, the example of Pandita Ramabai )las been followed by her Hindu sisters and many are deserting the zenana to take their part in public life. In Turkey, the veil is being laid aside freely and a woman, Halideh Edib Hanoum, is said to exert the most powerful influence next to Mustafa Kemal Pasha. She is a writer, educator and soldier and is leading her sisters out of bondage.

The women of Asia are shaking off the shackles of ignorance, prejudice, seclusion and ancient customs and are coming out to ,take their place as leaders of their sisters. The movement cannot be suppressed and it should be directed. The question is, whither will they lead the women and children of these lands and how win they exert their influence on the men and boys? Will they lead toward materialistic socialism, toward atheism and irreligion, toward the will-othe-wisp of pleasure and fame or will they, as Christians, lead in moral uplift, in social strength and in religious extension' This will depend largely on the training they receive, whether it is to be a godless education or under the influence of Christian teachers and ideals. Are the women leaders of these lands to be molded under the hands of non-Christian systems of education or in mission schools and colleges 7 The answer given to this question will determine the future of Asiatic women and largely of the men and the nations as well. It will determine their stand on the home and child, on marriage and social sins; on industrial, educational and religious questions, Shall Buddhist, Hindu, or Moslem teachers inculcate a false philosophy and low ideals or shall Christians, in addition to the benefits of modern culture and intellectual strength, give to these young women of Asia the tme revelation of God and His Jaws and the way of Life as revealed in Jesus ChrisU It is because the Christian women of America feel a responsibility for giving the women of Asia their best and for training leaders who wiIllead their sisters in the Way of Christ, that Mrs. Henry W. Peabody and her interdenominational committee are making a strenuous and united effort to raise the three million dollars before January first to give seven Women's Union Christian Colleges of the Orient the physical equipment needed to make possible this

EDITORIAL COMMENT

higher education for the future women leaders in Asia. Already one million dollars have been secured and if a second million is pledged before December 31st, the third million promised conditionally will be forthcoming. (Plans for the "Million Dollar Day" in the first week in December will be found on page 985.) When the money is obtained, the next step necessary will be to make certain that the teaching in these institutions continues soundly Christian, giving all who come within their influence a clear faith in Jesus Christ as the one divine Saviour of mankind and a strong confidence in the Bible as the authoritative Word of God. To accomplish this, cooperating Mission Boards and Societies should do their utmost to see that only those teachers are sent to the mission fields who will lay true foundations in Christian faith and life. The best results can be obtained, not by refraining from cooperation in the training of Christian leaders, but by uniting in a determined effort to insure such training in mission institutions as is thoroughly and Biblically Christian.

AMERICAN CHRISTIANS AND ORIENTAL STUDENTS A MERICAN Christians have a great opportunity to cultivate r1. the friendship of the Oriental students who come to this country. Their impressions of Christianity will largely depend on their contacts here and will have much to do with their influence on their fellow countrymen when they return home. One thoughtful Chinese student in a foreign land reveals his impressions in a letter to an English bishop in North China, quoted in T'he Mission Field. He says: "The people here, as a whole, have a strong sentiment against Chinese, so it is rather hard for a young Chink to make acquaintances in refined society …… I don't feel at home at all …… The hearty welcome I get from church people makes me feel the more that I am among strangers: they greet me so much more warmly than they greet each other, it makes me feel that I am different. I have written the following prayer for myself: "Almighty God, our Heavenly Father, Thou hast made the earth and the peoples thereon, white, yellow, red, or black, at Thy will, and they are all good in Thy sight. I beseech Thee to comfort me when I feel like a stranger here; help me to endure persecutions and scorns; give me wisdom that I may understand that peoples of whatever complexion are all Thy children and Thou art their Father and Creator."

The Home Missions Council, through its Committee on Orientals and Hawaiians is asking the denominations of the country to suggest to their missionary-minded churches in cities where there are Orientals, to cultivate, through personal relations and familiar contacts, the strangers in their midst, and to make this cultivation of friends a distinct policy of the church. In New York City alone there are between three and four thousand Japanese, all more or less transient. The story of what the Japanese Christian Institute is

doing to bring the Gospel directly before them was told in the September REVIEW, but there are thousands more, scattered through all our large cities, some of them engaged in business, some students, many serving in hotels and restaurants. – All these people see America only on the outside. Few, if any, make personal acquaintance with the better type of Americans, or enter into Ohristian homes. Some of the business men, students and t.ravelers are the ablest men of the Far East, are helping to shape its policy now, and are to be its leaders in the future. The evangelization of Ohina and Japan will be greatly promoted by giving them an opportunity to understand the real value of Christianity in the civilization of America and to become acquainted with Christian business. men, in their homes, their offices and their churches.

THE REVIVAL THE WORLD NEEDS STATESMEN, businessmen and educators, as well as clergymen, who have seriously studied present conditions in the world and the unsettled state of men's minds have repeatedly declared that there is an urgent need for a general revival of religion-a re- vival of faith in God such as .will bring about a reformation of character and life.

The chief obstacles in the way of such a revival seem to be: First: A lack of faith in the authority of the Bible. This is traceable in part to the attacks upon it by some scientists and ration- alistic critics.

Second: There has been a loss of faith in the present day super- human work of God, through His miraculous interventions; a dis- belief in the Holy Spirit as the agent in regeneration, and a lack of faith in prayer as a means of secnring direct and indirect blessings from God. .

Third: There has been less preaching of such Bible doctrines as the heinousness of sin and its certain punishment, the need for the atonement for sin by Jesus Ohrist and man's justification by faith in Christ.

Fourth: There have apparently been received into some churches members who are evidently not dominated by the Spirit of Ohrist and some ministers clearly depend on human methods rather than on God's power in their ministry.

Fifth: Worldliness and selfishness characterize the life of too many professing Ohristians whose low. standards of living some- times make it difficult to distinguish between Ohristians and un- believers.

Sixth: Selfishness rather than a high type of Christian steward- ship and of Ohristian living greatly hinders the growth in Ohrist- likeness and the advancement of the work of God.

EDITORIAL CO~ENT

Seventh: Business and pleasure-seeking too often take precedence over the promotion of the Kingdom of God and the work for the salvation of men.

There is need for a revival that will reconcile individuals to God through Jesus Ohrist; that will show its effect in strengthened faith in the superhuman character of the Christian religion and that will be manifested in transformed character and life; that will unite separated husbands and wives and bring peace among selfseeking enemies; that will restore prodigal sons and daughters to God and to their parents; that will lead people to pay their debts and to honest dealings; that will cause them to give up profanity, strong drink, gambling, impurity and other forms of evil-whether they are or are not contrary to the laws of man; that will help to purify cities and villages by cleaning up the dens of licentiQusness, low forms of amusement, political corruption, industrial oppression and commercial dishonesty.

A revival is needed that will, in short, bring sinners to the feet of the Saviour, who said: "Thy sins are forgiven thee, go and sip. no more"; a revival that will lead parents to establish family prayer and Bible reading and will make Jesus Christ the real Head of every home; a revival that will lead every confessing Christian to honor the Lord's Day and to practice habits of personal Bible study and attendance at church and meetings for prayer; that will reach people's pocket-books and cause them to give freely, gladly and regularly to the work of Christ at home and abroad.

Such a revival will win the respect of non-Christians and will be an unanswerable argument for the deity of Christ so that those now indifferent will fully surrender to the Saviour. Such a revival· will remove hatred, envy, jealousy and malice from the hearts of God's professed children and will sow the .seeds of peace and love, and will set Christians to work witnessing to their fellows, and to . helping the poor and ignorant so that the principles of Jesus Christ will be put into practice in individual lives and in social and international circles.

Such a revival maybe promoted by prayer and oy the obedience of Christians. God Himself has promised: "If my people, which are called by my name, shall humble themselves and pray, and seek· my face, and turn from their wicked ways; then will I hear from heaven, and will forgive their sin and will heal their land!' (2· Chronicles 7: 14). But Christians must realize the need for such a revival and must believe that God is able and ready to bring it.to pass. We must be so stirred as we think of the homes, fathers and mothers, brothers and sisters, relatives and neighbors, of the millions of men, women and children in darkness that we are ready to sacrifice time, money-everything-in our desire for the manifestation of God's life in the soul. We must be willing to pay the

price. Not that anything we can pay will bring about the revival, but when God sees that His people are "willing in the day of His power" then He will work wonders among us and through us. The soil and atmosphere must be prepared. Sin must be put away and we must be ready to give freely all that we are and have in order to cooperate with God in this work. In the Gospel according to John we read that "the Holy Spirit was not yet given because Jesus was not yet glorified." When we are willing to put God first, to crown Jesus Christ King and to witness for Him by lips and life, then the revival will come.

A BETTER OUTLOOK IN MEXICO W ITH the establishment of comparative peace in Mexico and the return of the people to more normal modes of life, the Christian missionaries are also finding their work more productive. The program of the Protestant missionary societies for the re-division of territory has been carried out and the readjustments have been made with comparative little difficulty.

Rev. S. G. Inman, Secretary of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America, who recently returned from a visit to Mexico, reports a great spiritual revival in San Luis Potosi; mission schools frill to overflowing in Aguascalientes; the whole atmosphere in Puebla in sympathy with Protestantism; educators in Mexico City alive to modern methods and to Christian social questions and the government budget for education increased fifty per cent; a Mexican George Junior Republic in operation; and night schools of young Mexican socialists. The Protestant missionaries are eager to secure sufficient funds to purchase property on which to build a union university, a union hospital, a union theological seminary, a union press and missionary residences. Mr. Inman says in conclusion: "Everywhere there is stir, questioning and desire for new life. Over and over again I heard people say that Mexi(lo must have a new moral and social emphasis. In the old days the government was expe(lted to do everything. Now the young men and women of the country are assuming responsibilities for education, social and moral development.

The leaders of the Evangelical Church are in the midst of most of these movements. Government officials, educational leaders, social reformers, all recognize the power of this young church in supplying the things that Mexico has lacked in the past. The leaders of these new social movements are antagonistic to the old church. In the beginning of these movements, during the last few years, they swung to the most radical positions believing that all religion favored reaction. Recently, however, they are recognizing the need of moral and spiritual foundations and accepting the Protestant leaders as those who offer the most hope.

The Evangelical Church in Mexico has arrived. The Methodist Church in Gante Street has 1,381 members and raised last year $12,000 Mexican. There are 354 tithers. Three years ago there were only 50 among all the Methodist churches of the Republic. .Attending church at the Balderas Street

EDITORIAL COMMENT

congregation, which worships in one of the few beautiful Protestant churches in Latin America, I found a line of automobiles drawn up before the church and the congregation made up of representative people of the city. The congregation has recently decided to open a parish house next door in which they will develop an inclusive social program. The church itself raised all the money for this new work. The Presbyterians have recently opened a social center in the building which formerly housed the press, which has now been absorbed in the Union Press. This social center includes a playground, an auditorium for lectures and entertainments, night classes and all kinds of help for the people in the neighborhood. It was so successful that the director was led to suggest to the American Colony that, .instead of presenting a statue of some North American hero or a loving-cup to Mexico on the celebration of her centennial last year, it present a playground to the City. This suggestion was taken up with enthusiasm and now Mexico City has one of the best equipped playgrounds on the American continent. It is conducted by a permanent committee of the Rotary Club, composed of American and Mexican business men. This playground is revolutionizing in the City of Mexico the idea of caring for children. When it was first opened the children, entirely unaccustomed to play, did not know what to do. Experts were employed, however, to direct the grounds. Children who were under-fed and who would fall down exhausted after a little play have been followed up and given the necessary food to strengthen them. The by-products of the playground are seen in many different places. Thus Mexico City, as well as Rio de Janeiro and Montevideo, enjoys this privilege because of the suggestion of a missionary.

The evangelical schools are patronized by some of the leading families of the city, various members of the Cabinet among them.

The Union Bookstore, supported by the various missions, and located on a prominent street downtown, is becoming the recognized center for the best literature on educational, moral and social questions. Professor Andres .Osuna, one of the outstanding educationalists of Mexico and an earnest Christian, has recently accepted the management of the Union Press and Bookstore. He has been appointed by the government also to introduce the teaching of temperance in the schools. He has recently arranged for the Selling of some 11,000 copies of a temperance book through the bookstore to the public schools. He has also sold 500 Bibles to the National University where they are used as a text and reference book in the courses on ethics. Through him the School of Engineers h~s been supplied with a series of modern texts which they were unable to secure elsewhere. He is expecting to sell the government enough Bibles to have one in the public library of every municipality in the Republic.

The Young Men's Christian Association has about 5,000 members and could have twice that many if they had the room for them. Their Sunday afternoon meetings have developed into regular evangelistic services. Sr. Mendoza, editor of the Union Paper, gives the same material there as he does in the pulpit. The audiences have come to look forward to his lectures and applaud tremendously his most direct emphases on the teachings of Christ.

Mexico is turning away from militarism, having reduced its budget for this purpose. 50 per cent and is looking for strength through modern education. The missionary forces are uniting in their aim to evangelize the peOl>le with the Gospel of Christ, to give them the open Bible and to show them that the true source of strength is in a living faith in Christ and obedience to His teachings so as to produce Christian character and Christian communities.

Places with over 1000 Jewish Population are named on th.e Map,except the fOIl.OWin~ olN PENNSYLVANIA IN NEW YORK IN NEW JERSEY IN MASSACHU3ETl'S IN CONNECTICUT o BraldOl:k oPortCneat.er o l..() n~ Branch ,New Bruruwlck Winthrop • Cambrld~e _ Brldllepon o McKeeelHtrt oMt. Vernon ePerth Amboy • Hoboken _ Springfield 0 Haverlll1l _ Hart!ord o Carbondale 0 Yonkers • i'atenon _ Jersev City 0 Somcn'lilc 0 Holyoke 0 Mlmdcn I o South Bethlehem aNew Rochelle • Bayonne • Paaaaic New Britain oWilkea·B&rre oBloomtield oCamlit'n c Pittafie1d 0 Lawrence .,NewLondon o Quiney • Lo….ell :~~:rw~ehven ~~~:o~ ~~~~~~ @~~]~~~I~City ~~:~e :it~cm oWeatNew¥ork cOrockton • Worcester SouthNonvalk o Plainn..ld • Cheb.ea 0 New Bedford • Fall River ·o~t.amrord _ Waterbury Distribution of Cities with over 1.000 Jewish population HEBREW POPULATION 01,000 to 5,000 D 100,000 to 200,000 in the United States .5,000 to 25,000 .200,000 to 1,000,000 l is shown by Figures for each State 025,000 to 100,000 IIlNcw York City with 1,500.000 Total Jewish population in the United Stales 3,388,951 COPYRIGHT 1922, 8'1' ,UNK" W'ONAll& COMPANY, ~I!.W 'I'Ofl.l( By Courtesy of the Literary Diuest.

TING UP IN BUSINESS ON THE EAS~' SIDE. NEW

The Jewish Situation in America BY REV. JOHN STUART CONNING, D.D., NEW YORK Superintendent of Jewish Evangelization, PJ'8sbyterian Board of Home Missions W HEN Columbus sailed westward to find the Indies, five Jews joined him in the great adventure; among them were Roderig Sanchez, his overseer, and Luis de Torres, his in- terpreter. Among the early settlers in North America were some of the !'tribe of the wandering foot and weary breast." On July 8th,1654, thirty-four years after the Pilgrim Fathers landed in Plym- outh, twenty-four refugees who had fled from Portugal to Brazil were obliged once more to flee whenthat land was recaptured by the Portugese~ The Jewish "Mayflower" was the Dutch bark St. Cata- rina. These refugees landed in New Amsterdam. They were so poor that their baggage was sold at auction and two of their number ~ere held in jail as hostages until their passage money was paid. ,. The number of Jews had increased so rapidly by the following spring that Rev. John Megapolensis wrote to the Classis of Amster- dam a vigorous letter in protest. Among other things he said: "These people have no other God than the unrighteous Mammon, and no other aim than to get possession of Christian property and to ruin all other merchants by drawing all other trade to themselves. . Therefore, we request your Reverences to obtain from the Lord~'

943

Directors that these godless rascals, who are of no benefit to the Country but look at everything for their own profit, may be Slent away from here."

The Lords' Directors, however, were not disposed to estrange the Jewish stockholders in the Dutch West Indies Company by such drastic procedure. Instead they instructed the Governor, Peter Stuyvesant, to grant them the right to live and trade in New Amsterdam. The Governor did not at first obey his orders and it required a sharp rebuke from the Directors to induce him to yield.

In 1685 the Jews petitioned for liberty to exercise their religion. Their request was referred to the Corporation. They replied "that no public worship is tolerated by act of the Assembly but to those who profess in Christ, and therefore the Jews' worship was not to be allowed." About the same time the Assembly of Rhode Island permitted the Jews to settle in that colony and declared: "they may expect as good protection as any stranger not being of our nation ought to have. " Thus encouraged a company of Jews settled in Newport in 1694, and there the first synagogue was erected and there at last "They found what most they sought, Freedom to worship God."

Like the rest of the American colonists Jews took sides at the outbreak of the Revolution. Most of the prominent members of that race rallied to the cause of the Continental Army in which there were more than a score of Jewish officers. Colonel David S. Franks was on Washington's staff. It was a Jew, Haym Salomon, who negotiated the loans of France and Holland to Congress, and who from his own resources financed Washington's Valley Forge Campaign.

Shortly after the American Revolution it was estimated that there were only about 2,000 Jews in this country belonging mainly to the Sephardim, or Spanish-speaking group. As late as 1825 it is estimated that the Jewish population was only 6,000. Since that time, however, the increase has been rapid. It is estimated that the present population is 3,900,000. This makes the United States the largest Jewry in the world. Jews have established their homes in every state and territory of the Union. In Greater New York there are 1,750,000 Jews. This constitutes an extraordinary community, the like of which has not been seen in the world before. Warsaw, the largest center of Jewish population in Europe, has but 300,000 of this race. There are more Jews in New York City than in Asia (including Palestine), Africa, South America, Australia and Great Britain combined. There are 160 other cities in America having a Jewish population of 1,000 to 300,000.

Up to 1880 Jewish immigration did not exceed more than a few thousand annually but since that time nearly 3,300,000 have arrived. This immigration has been mainly from the lands of Eastern Europe

THE JEWISH SITUATION IN AMERICA

and may be traced to the promulgation of the so-called May Laws in Old Russia and the more recent pogroms in which the Jews have probably suffered more barbaric cruelty and shameless wrongs than in any previous period of their history.

America to the Jew spells "opportunity" and he responds with eagerness and resolution to its challenge. He is the foremost exponent in the land of the American spirit of "getting on."

Of all the races which have sought our shores none is so eager to avail itself of educational opportunities. Jewish parents, as no other element in our cities, gladly sacrifice for the education of their A MODERN ANTI-CHRISTIAN INFLUENCE The Labor Lyceum where 1,000 children attend a Socialistic Sunday-school.

children. Every large city will bear testimony to the Jewish devotion to learning.

Evidences of Jewish progress can be seen in every city in which they have found a home. They have established themselves in many of the commercial enterprises of the country. They are also conspicuous in the realms of law, medicine, science, finance, journalism and politics. It would be easy to fill a page of this magazine with the names of Jews who have gained prominence in various enterprises and in the life of the nation.

Jews own a number of our leading American dailies and occupy prominent positions on the staffs of other important papers. They own or direct some of the most widely circulated monthlies. Asa race, they are omnivorous readers and have an Anglo-Jewish press of twelve weeklies and four monthlies. The revival of Hebrew as a 2

spoken language, through the influence of Zionism, has led to the establishment of one weekly and two monthlies in Hebrew. There is also a weekly in Judeo-Spanish. But the most vigorous and widely read of all their publications is the Yiddish Press. There are 12 dailies, 37 weeklies, 6 monthlies and 1 quarterly. These pUblications have a remarkable influence. They serve to intensify the Jewish consciousness and enable the Jews to present a united front on all public questions.

It would be a mistake, however, to think of all Jews as possessed of wealth and as occupying positions of prominence. The vast ma- jority are industrial workers, specializing in the garment, shoe and other trades. Their economic outlook is that of wage-earners who are constantly fighting exploitation by employers, chiefly of their own race. The great body of these wage-earners are socialists, some of them of the most radical type. But what else might we expect when hundreds of thousands of them have their homes in the most congested sections of our great cities, and always live on the verge of povertyT They naturally think that under an economic order so oppressive any change must necessarily be for the better. Over against this tendency to radicalism it is worth while to quote a statement of Judge Rosalsky of New York: "The history of the Jew throughout the world is that where you give him an opportunity to dwell in freedom, he is not a destroyer, he is a builder." It is a matter also of common observation that as the Jew acquires property, real or personal, he usually loses his interest in revolutionary propaganda.

Many recent immigrants frankly hate America. Numbers live-in America their old Russian life, only without the soothing effect of the Russian rivers, steppes, and the great Russian forests. It is to them a soulless, stifling "American Russia. "They work in shops that belong to foreigners like themselves, reside-In immigrant neighborhoods, and are separated by seemingly impassable barriers from American thought, American social life, and American ideals. Their souls are hidden from Americans and Americans' souls are hidden from them. Here we have· a problem in itself very difficult to surmount.

Most Jews are distinctly anti-Ohristian and many do not hesitate to deny that this is a Ohristiancountry. The Independent Order of B 'nai B'rith at their quinquennial convention held in Oleveland, June, 1920, recorded its opposition to the reading of the Bible in the public schools of America. Christmas exercises in the public schools are generally opposed, and the charge has been made that the commercializing of the Ohristmas and Easter season and the degradation of Ohristmas and Easter cards are due very largely to the influence of the Jews.

From the standpoint of religion the Jewish situation in America is one that should profoundly concern every Ohristian. The influence

THE JEWISH SITUATION IN AMERICA

of American liberty has created dissatisfaction with the rigid requirements of the orthodox faith. Multitudes have broken with the tyranny of the synagogue and its demand for implicit obedience to ceremonial minutire. Many, having drunk deeply at the fountain of modern knowledge, have sought to bring Judaism into harmony with modern conceptions of religion, as well as with the conditions of modern life. But salvation by ethical culture is not proving any more satisfying than salvation by ritual observance. Many are drifting into Christian Science, Theosophy, Spiritualism and other modern cults. Others have accepted socialism with its doctrine of human CHRISTIAN INFLUENCES AT WORK IN CHICAGO A Manual T,raining Class in the Daily Vacatio-n Bible School.

brotherhood as their religion. Still others have become practical atheists, and give themselves unreservedly to the acquisition of wealth and pleasure.

This deplorable condition has filled the Jews with alarm and their leaders are seeking to stir up the people .to a realization of their ~piritual peril. Rabbi Stephen S. Wise of the Free Synagogue in New York recently declared: "Our business is not to argue with those who would convert us, but with the thousands, the tens of thousands, who are selling their birthright for a mess of pottage. After we have given our children keys to well-filled safe deposit vaults, we rob them of their spiritual heritage. There are 50,000 Jewish families between 50th and ·120th Streets and I daresay not ten per cent of them are supporters of synagogues. Weare in danger of becoming a Bookless, Godless, Sabbathless people."

In the January number of the Atlantic Monthly, Rabbj. Elau, of the Temple Peni-el synagogue of New York has a scholarly article

on ,. The Modern Pharisee." In it he says: "So far as synagogues are cOllcerned, they seem beyond resuscitation. There is little left. Talmudical Judaism has broken down-it seems irrevocably. The old cerf?moniallaw is honored more in the breach than in the observance. The dietary laws linger, apparently as an occasion for periodical meat riots and an excuse for profiteering. The Saturday Sabbath has all but gone; even in thickly populated Jewish sections there is open selling and buying on the Seventh Day. Add to all this that t:le old training based on rabbinics is gone; but no new culture has taken its place. Jewish parents refuse to have their children taught in the sacred tongue of the Prophets, for they regard it as oldfashioned. What then is left 1 A lifeless formalism that no one takes seriously; here and there a pathetic bit of folk-lore in connection with death or marriage customs; a little ostentatious charity; all of this scarcely relieved by the annual visit to the synagogue on the Day of Atonement. It is as if the spirit had fled from the husk. The old words fail to move, the old ideals fail to thrill. And there is no new Sinai from whose thundering top the God of Fathers might speak to his backsliding children." He continues: "Great as is the tragedy of the Jew, greater still is the tragedy of Judaism. What greater tragedy than the life of a people that has lost its God 1 The greater tragedy is the fate of a religion that has been the suffering mother of religions, pierced by more than seven wounds, forsaken by her own. "

The inevitable result of the abandonment of religion, especially of a highly ethical religion like Judaism, has been moral disintegration. All who are familiar with conditions in our great cities are aware of the increase of theft, arson, prostitution and murder among the Jewish people. In his pamphlet "A Study of the Jews in Greater New York," Dr. Robert W. Anthony quotes an observer, whose high position and experience give his testimony great weight, and who was in the Brownsville district of Brooklyn, where there is a Jewish population of 250,000. He declared that it was the most depraved section he had ever known; that the social conditions and standards were unspeakably low; that the sins and crimes of the people were unnamable. He said little children were the victims of unnatural practices and this perversion was so common and general as to be practically unnoticed by the society of the place. As the traditional restraints are being cast off, the Jews are losing their preeminence as a moral and law-abiding people.

To meet the conditions existing in this conntry today Jewish leaders are devising expedients. The Union of American Hebrew Congregations has successfully completed a campaign to raise $3,- 000,000 in ten years for the purpose of bringing about a revival of Judaism among Jews. Prominent Jews have been enlisted in this effort, but the appeal has been racial rather than religious and there-

THE JEWISH SITUATION IN AMERICA

fore holds out little promise of abiding results. Other Jews, like Rabbi Blau, regard Zionism as the only remedy for the heart-breaking problem. The restoration of the Jews to the ancient homeland, their separation from a Gentile environment and the opportunity to restore again rabbinical Judaism in its pristine exclusiveness seems to be the one door of hope. He says, "The cure of all Jewish ills lies in geography." But Israel's deepest thinkers, as well as Christians, realize that here is no real remedy, that the only solution of the A CHRISTIAN NEIGHBORHOOD HOUSE IN EAST NEW YORK Doin&, a Sniritual as well a8 a Social Work.

problem lies, not in a return of Palestine merely, but in a return to the living God.

To Christians, the present condition of our American Jewry should make a mighty appeal. Who shall say that these millions of the race of Jesus have not been brought to our shores that their prejudices might be broken down and a way found to bring to them the knowledge of their own Messiah' Not only America, but the whole world would benefit from a solution of the age-long problem.

IJet us keep before us the fact that this problem bears distinctly upon the tasks of world-wide evangelization. .

After study of the Jews in every other aspect has been exhausted, there still remains the one which is the most important of all. It is the aspect presented by the Holy Scripture, which declares them to be the people of God, and to them, we, as Christians, owe an indisputable

debt. We would do well to have the mind of the Church turned to an earnest consideration of the Jewish question from the Scriptural standpoint. Although fanciful, strained, mechanical and material- istic interpretations of Scripture should be guarded against, it cannot be denied that there are prophecies about the Jewish people which remain unfulfilled. Rev. J. Macdonald Webster says: "The fact that this people, whom God chose to be the organ of His preparatory revelation, have had a marvellous and continuous history throughout the centuries, and that in spitp of ill-will, persecution and oppression they increase in numbers and are a more potent force today than they ever were before, cannot but be regarded as indicating that God is preserving them for some high purpose in furthering the consummation of His kingdom. Paul's contention is that gifts and a calling have been given them of God, who has not repented thereof, and that the receiving of them is to be life from the dead. Among themselves a consciousness of a calling, and of a great destiny increases, and if we, as Christians, cannot believe that that destiny will be fulfilled apart from Christ, neither can we doubt that the fulfillment may be as much retarded by unbelief in the Gentile about the Jew as by unbelief in the Jew himself. The first duty is accordingly to bring to them the knowledge of the crucified and risen Christ. That accomplished, may not their mission and calling be recognized to be that of making God known in all the earth and converted Israel become the evangelist of the nations? Certainly we cannot deny, unless we have become too wise in our own conceits, that somehow the winning of the world is bound up with the winning- of the Jews, whom such as Edwards of Breslau regarded as "God's reserves. "

In view of the spiritual destitution of the Jews in America today it becomes the imperative duty of Christians to give earnest consideration to the need and opportunity for a Christian ministry in their behalf. A service so Christ-like and vital to the future welfare of the Church, the nation and the world, can no longer be left to haphazard efforts and irresponsible agencies; it must be made a part, and an integral part, of the Church enterprise.

It is of primary importance that American Christians should recognize the imperative present need of work for the Jews and should manifest toward them in all their contacts the Christian spirit. The entrance of Jews into a Christian community is usually resented. Racial prejUdice may even enter the Church. There are few churches that welcome Jews to their fellowship, and fewer still that make any effort whatever to reach them with the Gospel. This attitude must be reversed if the evangelization of the Jews is to be overtaken in any adequate way. Relatively few Jews outside of New York City live in congested sections. They are scattered over the land in every state and within the shadow of a multitude of Christian churches. While missions in American ghettos should be greatly

THE JEWISH SITUATION IN AMERICA

multiplied to reach the immigrant Jews and their families, let us remember that American Jews can never be reached through such agencies. They can, however, be reached by the local church. Perhaps more than any other people are the Jews responsive to sympathy and kindness. There is no church that has undertaken work for its Jewish neighbors in a disinterested Christian way that has not had much encouragement in its prosecution. Never before have Jews been so responsive to the Gospel. They are yearning for something to satisfy their hungry hearts. In this day of Israel's need we recognize the Church's opportunity. God is providentially calling the Christians of America to reveal to the Jews the spirit of Christ and lead them to their own Messiah, that He may clarify the confusion of their minds and satisfy the wistfulness of their hearts through their acceptance of Him as their Saviour and Lord.

A OHRISTIAN BIBLE CLASS OF RUSSIAN .JEWS The Leader, 'Mr. Abram Pritsky, has recently returned from Russia.

ANTI-JEWISH AGITATION The opposition to .Jewish national aspirations in relation to Palestine and to the Balfour Declaration has grown in intensity and volume. Although not all anti-Zionists are anti- Semites, it is manifest that the leaders in this agitation are availing themselves of the anti-Semitic hatred, with a view to influence public opinion against the Jews. The Vatican has recently expressed its hostility to the idea that "Protestant England" should be the mandated power in control over Palestine.

The editor of the Jewish World writes; "The ostensible reason of the attitude of the Roman Catholic Church is anxiety fa? the Holy Places….. 1t is difficult to believe that the Vatican really thinks that, with the administration of Palestine under the Mandate, the Holy Places will be any less secure from degradation than they were under the Turk. What the Vatican does not like, and what it intends to thwart if it can, is the rise in the status of the Jewish people which will accrue from the establishment of a Jewish National Home in Palestine. "

A Chinese Christian

The Story of Rev. Cheng Ching-Yi, D.D.

BY REV. C. G. SPARHAM, SHANGHAI, CHINA Secretary for China. of the London Missiona.ry Society .nA.N OUTSTANDING feature of modern China is that the young men have come into their own. This is true both in the State and in the Church. Under the Manchus, no lUan had any status till he was over forty years of age, but the revolution changed all that, and. many a man now gains influence long before he is thirty. When Dr. Cheng came into prominence at the World Missionary Confer- ence held at Edinburgh in the year 1910, he was twenty-eight years of age. Each time that he spoke his remarks were brief, exactly to the point and carried the great audience with him. When the Con- ference closed, he was recognized as a great Chinese leader. This year he was made chairman of the great Chinese Christian Con- ference at Shanghai.

This young man had been developing under many helpful in- fluences, first in Peking, and then in London. His father was an honored evangelist of the London Missionary Society, and his mother a faithful, earnest Christian woman. Those were days when the -Christian Church was beginning to lay hold of the people in Peking. Great united prayer meetings were held during the first week of the year, to which young Cheng's father was wont to take him. The times were full of hope and encouragement, and the boy's mind set early towards the Christian ministry. At school he showed conspicuous ability and a reliable character. He passed on to theological study and when he graduated from the seminary, it seemed likely that he would follow quietly in his father's footsteps and spend his life in Peking as a simple preacher of the Gospel.

In those days in the London Mission, there was perhaps no one missionary in North China who was more deeply respected than the Rev. George Owen, an eloquent preacher, and an earnest student with an exceptional mastery both of the spoken and written Chinese language. His daily preaching attracted scholarly Chinese, and to the Sunday afternoon services which he regularly conducted, it is said that there came not only scholarly Chinese, but student interpreters from the British Legation. These young men found in Mr. Owen's sermons splendid stimulus in the study of Chinese. The committee in charge of the translation of the New Testament into Chinese recognized his ability and chose him as one of the translators. Family circumstances compelled his return to England, but wishing to continue his translation work, he sought a Chinese colleague who might accompany him. It was his good fortune to secure Cheng 952 Ching Yi in this capacity. He had knowledge of literary Chinese and of English, and had the happy knack of putting a Chinese thought into English, or an English thought into Chinese. He also had a most intimate knowledge of the Bible.

For the young Chinese, this was a time of intellectual growth and of development in character spiritually, but it was also a time of difficulty. After the ardent Christian life of the mission church in Peking, an ordinary London congregation seemed cold.

There came a time of depression, yet here again God had His plan. Dr. and Mrs. Eliot Curwen had been earnest missionaries in Peking until they were invalided home, and Dr. Curwen soon became busy with a large medical practice at Brighton. They made him as much at home there as he had been in the Mission House at Peking. In the earnest Christian life and quiet culture of the Curwens' home, he found just the atmosphere that he loved. However busy the day, there was always time there for Bible study, prayer and conversation on spiritual subjects. After the translation work was completed, he decided to take two years' theological study at Glasgow, which undoubtedly contributed to his fine mastery of English. This brings us to the year 1910 when Dr. Cheng represented China at Edinburgh.

Almost immediately afterward, there came a call to the pastorate of the Mi Shih church in Peking. This church had had a long and very honorable career, and was approaching the point of self-support. The young pastor had great ideas as to what the Christian Church in China was capable of, and believed that the Chinese could take up, to a very large extent, the task of evangelizing China. When friends told him that this was too great a burden to lay on the shoulders of the Chinese Christians he said, "It is our privilege and our joy, and not our burden. " He quoted the story of the little girl carrying a little boy on her back who was asked: "Is he not too great a burden for you'" "N0," she replied. "He is not a burden, he is my brother." In this spirit Dr. Cheng commenced his work at the Mi Shih church and many of the best men of Christian sympathy in Peking began to gather about him. But a wider sphere opened. The London Missionary Society had recently been considering how its work in widely separated parts of China might be coordinated, and had decided that this could best be achieved by the appointment of an advisory council for China, to consist of one representative ch(,<len by each of the five mission districts. Dr. Thomas Cochran of Peking was appointed secretary of this council. The necessity of having a Chinese council to balance the English one was soon felt. The English council was constituted in 1910, the Chinese council met for the first time in Peking in 1912. Cheng Ching Yi was made the secretary and, with Dr. Cochran, visited the stations of the London missions throughout China. His personality was at once recognized by his fellow Chinese, who began to look to him as their leader in the great

forward movement toward self-support, self-government and vigorous aggressive preaching of the Gospel. He pleaded very earnestly that all denominational names should be dropped, and that a great effort should be made to secure one Ohurch for Ohina.

In 1913, when Dr. John R. Mott held a series of conferences in Ohina, Oheng Ohing Yi traveled with him during the whole period, and shared with Mr. David Yui the responsibility of interpreter. The man's whole soul was manifestly filled with the vision that was breaking on many minds at that time: the vision of a great united Ohinese Ohurch, the center of the best life of the Ohinese people. A Oontinuation Oommittee for Ohina was formed, and Mr. Oheng was appointed the Ohinese Secretary, with headquarters in Shanghai.

Two movements have claimed much of Dr. Oheng's attention during the past year or two. One is the Yunnan Mission of the Ohinese Home Missionary Society; the other is the Ohina for Ohrist Movement. At a meeting of the Kuling Oonvention it was resolved to commence a purely Ohinese Mission in the distant province of Yunnan A band of very able men and women was chosen to visit Yunnan an effect a settlement there. Dr. Oheng was made chairman of the movement and his whole heart and soul seemed to flow out in connection with this work. One thing was always most prominent in his leadership, and that was the emphasis that he laid on the necessity for prayer. This man of great power is at the same time a simple, humble-minded child of God.

The Ohina for Ohrist Movement is similar in spirit, but wider in its purpose than is the Yunnan Mission. Its object is to stir the Ohinese Ohristian Ohurch to a great endeavor to win the whole of the people of Ohina to Ohrist. A great change has come, and as he himself has stated it, "The Christian Church is facing a great crisis today, and it is our duty to take advantage of this unusual opportunity, which, great as it is, may be only a passing one . . . . Even men who are its strongest opponents recognize that Christianity is a force in the world today …. The Chinese Christians have never been so willing and ready to take part in the divine task or serving their fellow men and of extending the Kingdom of God on earth …. While the Church is in such a plastic and formative stage it is a matter of life and death importance to help to keep it in the straight and narrow way, especially when it is becoming restlessly active and craving ror initiative and responsibility …. The way of getting power is first by getting the spirit of God …. Foreign missions in China are the scaffolding; the Church the permanent building . . . . All our policy and work shall be Church-centric rather than mission-centric …. We must marshal our united forces to accomplish our common objectives."

In Dr. Oheng's own words we have here the ideal for which he stands today. He believes that this ideal may be realized if in the spirit of prayer all Ohristian forces are'mobilized to the one end. The realization of the ideal is the coming of the Kingdom of God.

IN LIVINGSTONIA-CROSSING A

Illustration from George H. Doran Co., New York, Publisher of the Biography", Robert Laws, Maker of Livingstonia .A Review of His Life and Work Written by W. L. Livingstone BY PROF. HARLAN P. BEACH, F.R.G.B., :NEW HAVEN, CONN.

SCOTLAND, the mother of so many eminent missionaries, was the . motherland of Robert Laws. The United Presbyterian Church, of which his father was an elder, had given Dr. Robb to Oalabar and was deeply imbued with the missionary spirit. Robert Laws was born in 1851 in a suburb of Aberdeen. His godly mother died while Robert was yet in his early childhood and the father did his utmost to interest the boy in foreign missions through stories and biographies o£eminent Scots who had followed in the path of the great Livingstone and the scarcely less eminent Indian missionary, Alexander Duff. Thus it happened that Robert's nightly prayer was that God might send him to Livingstone's Makalolo. The financial difficulties of his father and his lack of educational opportunities seemed to make his ambition beyond hope of attainment and his usual reply to inquiries as to his life work was, "Oh, I suppose I'll have to go into cabinet-making or some work of that kind. " But when Miss Melville, his Sunday-school teacher, asked, "But what would you like tobe7" he replied, " A foreign missionary. " Before Robert entered his teens, he joined a Young Men's Mutual Improvement Association for which he prepared a paper on Livingstone and his travels.

The twenty years which the lad gave himself to prepare for the inwardly accepted task were most strenuous. The pinch of poverty 955

and the weariness of the cabinet-maker's apprentice never overcame his resolve. Working from early dawn to late at night, he glanced up from time to time to a Latin or Greek grammar on a near-by ledge and thus plodded on learning rules and sentences. When finally Miss Melville and some relatives made it possible for him to study in the Univer~ity, Medical Oollege and Theological Seminary, he was more busy than ever. How any constitution could endure what Laws' did, it is hard to say. To a full schedule of scholastic studies, he added work in tutoring and in contagious disea'se hospitals in order to pay his tuition fees. He also observed every sort of handicraft in order that he might be able to undertake the manifold tasks of an African CARRYING THE FEVER-STRlr:KEN MISSIONARY THROUGH THE JUNGLE missionary and he took part in various missions that his religious training might not be neglected. Thus was the future j j Maker of Livingstonia" prepared for the multifarious duties of a Oentral African pioneer.

The illustrious Scotchman, David Livingstone, found the shores of Lake Nyasa to be the hunting ground of Arab slave traders whose auction blocks in Zanzibar saw the sale of 20,000 Negroes annually. This traffic stirred the great explorer to life-long effort to stem the evil tide. He felt that if legitimate trade could be established in that favored portion of Mrica, and if a steamer could be placed on its waters, the Lake would no longer be a slave-ferrying center. Dr. Stewart (late of Lovedale) had also aroused the Scotch nation to contribute to a fund for establishing a trade mission on Lake Nyasa, with the Ilala as its steamer. As a result, a force of five workers was sent out in 1875 with Stewart of Lovedale and Henderson of the Established Ohurch, who later founded the famous' station of-Blantyre. Laws was appointed second in command, with the added duties of physician and scientific and health director.

ROBERT LAWS, MAKER OF LIVINGSTONIA

ROBERT LAWS, MAKER OF LIVINGSTONIA The difficulties encountered in reaching Lake Nyasa were to be expected. An iron steamer was to be transported, bolted together, unbolted to pass the Shire cataracts, and then permanently bolted when launched to continue the journey to the Lake. Malaria, interspersed with dysentery and numberless mosquitoes, added fuel to frequent fevers. On Monday morning, October 11th, Lake Nyasa was sighted and the engines stopped, while the missionaries sang their "Thalassa," the Scotch version of the One Hundredth Palm, as their Anabasis ended. Livingstone's friend, Chief Mponda, had granted them Cape Maclear at the foot of the Lake, and this was the illstarred home of the Mission for five years. At the end of that time the debits and credits were thus dolefully recited in Scotland:

LIABILITIES ASSETS 5 European graves 1 Convert 5 Years' expenditure, £20,000 1 Abandoned station 5 Years' hardship and toil But had there been no Cape Maclear, the hostility of slave-dealing chiefs would probably have exterminated them. Moreover in the quiet of this undesirable spot their African apprenticeship had been passed. It had been the headquarters for the explorations of the Lake, three hundred and sixty miles long and from fifteen to fifty miles wide. Its western shores were most favored and there the first steps had been successfully taken to win native esteem and respect, in spite of the machinations of slave dealers.

Henceforth there, in the mouutains and pestilential swamps of what in due time became the British protectorateNyasa land, Laws and his company did their transforming work. He made as the emblem, to be flown at the masthead of the Ilala, a flag of blue with a dove in the center, for the task of peacemaker 'must first be accomplished. All that region was dominated by the wild Ngoni, disciplined warriors who had been driven farther and farther northward by the conquering Chaka of South Africa. They found it relatively easy to raid neighboring tribes, especially the Tongas, whose plantations near the Lake were their foraging ground for both slaves and foodstuffs.

At Bandawe, midway up the western shore and in the midst of the Tongas, was their second station. The kindness and consistent righteousness of Doctor Laws and his fellow missionaries so<1n won the TOiigas, but his growing influence made him a sort of rival to the paramount Ngoni Chief. He won Mombera's respect and a sort of affection by his absolute fearlessness and manifest devotion to God, by his taCt, boundless patience, and his ability to see things from the Negro viewpoint. The possession of firearms, which could do such astounding execution on fierce wild beasts, and his wonderful "firecanoe," added to the awe with which they looked upon him.

The hostility of the tribes was gradually overcome by peaceful measures, but constant attacks of fever twice brought Laws to the gateway of death and made it necessary to find a more healthful site for a permanent station. Months were spent in exploring the region west of the Lake with the invaluable assistance of students from Dr. Stewart's Lovedale Institution. In due time a lofty mountainous tract near the northern end of Nyasa was selected as the site of the Central African City of God, known as Livingstonia. Its height and coolness gave new strength to the missionaries; but it was an almost inaccessible height and seemed impracticable for such a center as Laws had planned. His conviction was that Africa must be evangelized by its own sons and daughters so that a training institution and model town must be built to which promising youth might be

ROBERT LAWS, MAKER OF LIVINGSTONIA

brought and educated in industries and religion. Up the mountain palisades Laws toiled and laid out a zigzag road nearly eleven miles long, twenty feet wide and with a grade of a foot in twenty. Some fifty more miles of road were also built by the Mission in its reserve of eighty square miles, plus roads and paths made by chiefs who imitated the white leader. These roads brought the tribes nearer together physically. Machinery and electrical power and light were introduced and sounded abroad the fame of this magician who could make water run up hill and whose "eyes of war" could stay the hand of an enemy who raised his rifle to pierce Laws' exposed breast. Thousands of boys and girls came to the mission schools, and the grad- uates of the Institution, who as teachers and preachers found their way into all parts of Central Africa, acted as unpaid student evangelists during their summer vacations to carry the Gospel to dis- tant parts of the field. These were the seed of the Kingdom which would germinate in scores of com- munities and would result in thousands of trans- formed lives.

The spiritual side of the manifold task most concerned Dr. Laws. On his way out, he had spoken publicly at Cape Town concerning this new form of mission and had emphasized it as the real key to racial transformation. This aspect of Liv- ingstonia attracted men who were evangelical to the core. Donald Fraser, the Moderator of the General Assembly of the United Free Presbyterian body in Scotland this year, has been the most eminent worker in this evangelistic department.

When Dr. Laws made a visit to his station of Ekwendeni, his Saturday audiences at Com- A CONVERT OF THE munion season numbered 5,000. Old fathers of MISSION the tribe were there, young men and women, mothers, and infants slung in goatskins on their backs, squatting in a spacious circle with reed fences to keep off the chill winds. The missionaries and elders sat on a brick platform shaded by a roof of grass.

As many as 309 adults were baptized, including some notable char- acters of the old days of raiding; aged white-haired women, and mere boys who would not be refused. The Doctor, who at Mr.

Fraser's request took part in administering the ordinance, seemed as a man who dreamed. A few years before these same people had plotted to murder him and Mr. Stewart not far from this spot and to wipe out the Mission. Many of the people now looked upon him with awe and fear as almost a legendary figure,the great father of the Mission, whose coming had changed the ·old days of war into

DR. LAWS OVERSEEING AFRICANS BUILDING A CHURCH IN LIVINGSTONIA peace. The next day, Sunday, nearly 7,000 persons were packed into the enclosure, and in the center 672 church members were seated on logs in a solid mass. This was the fruit of less than twenty-five years of work in only one station out of five stations and forty-four outstations.

But Dr. Laws was even more than the founder of churches. The mountain sides held four million trees which he had planted; agriculture there was mainly through his colleagues' teaching; carpentry he taught as his own trade; a score of new fruits and vegetables were introduced by him; stone cutting and brickmaking were the result of his advocacy; telegraphy and accounting were his special idea and were greatly appreciated. But more important than such work was his contribution to the literature of at least four dialects of his field. School primers and readers, grammars and dictionaries, hymns, Scripture portions as well as the entire Nyanja New Testament, not to mention contributions to the proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and the British Association, are found among his printed works. He was thus a pioneer and leading creator of Nyasa literature.

The social life of the tribes was also revolutionized. The natives gave up the barbarous custom of putting to death scores of wives and slaves at a chieftain's death and the white men discontinued the practice of Bogging criminals. Many minor items in the dark native life, described in Jack's "Daybreak in Livingstonia" and in this volume, also ceased because of the Mission's teaching and example.

Government administrators, like Sir Harry Johnston and Sir

ROBERT LAWS, MAKER OF LIVINGSTONIA

Alfred Sharpe, sought and profited by Dr. Laws' advice; and the "Maker of South Africa," Cecil Rhodes, once and again consulted with him and gave financial aid to the Institution. Missionaries of the London Mission, and workers from as far west as Dan Crawford's field and Old Calabar, were his debtors for visitation and advice. As a member of the Legislative Council, the Protectorate was blessed by his presence and suggestions. As an advocate of the possibilities of the African, both within and outside of Africa, Laws is a most potent friend of the race. At the Ecumenical Missionary Conference held in New York in 1900 he made a deep impression, and his advocacy of the Negro and of African missions greatly moved the student conference at Northfield in 1909. His own fatherland was also deeply influenced by his visits to his homelind and in 1908 he was made Moderator of the General Assembly and spent much of the year in a tour of the churches.

"Laws of Livingstonia," is a volume that gives a remarkable account of the veteran missionary who is now in his seventy-second year. Readers will agree in the estimate of Governor Lugard of Nigeria, who wrote: "I have seen many missions since those days on Lake Nyasa, but yours remains my ideal mission, because it is so free from ostentation, and carries out so effective and thorouglua work on such practical lines. " One almost agrees with Morrison, who in his" Streams in the Desert" writes: "Without fear of contradiction, there is no greater name in the missionary history of any Church than the name of Laws of Livingstonia."

ONE OUTCOME OF DR. LAWS' WORK Part of an audience at an Evangelistic Meeting in Nyasaland.

A GROUP OF MOSLEM REACTIONARIES IN

Most of these have been students in the Presbyterian Mission Schoo1.

Accessi.bility of Persian

BY ROBERT E. SPEER, NEW YORK I T IS easy anywhere in Asia to talk with men on the subject of religion. Nowhere is it easier, surely, than in Persia, where the subjects of conversation are few and where the interests of men are elemental. Outside of the cities not two per cent of the people are literate, and in most of the towns and villages there are few if any books, no post office, no newspaper, no news, and no new thoughts. Yet the land is full of intellectual curiosity and interest. In every tea house the men are happy to listen to anyone who will bring them information of the world or lift their thoughts off their ceaseless talk about barley and debts and daily bread. The wise itinerating mis- sionary can go anywhere and find those who will listen to him with friendly interest. Nowhere in the Moslem world can the Christian preacher find more points of sympathetic contact than among the Persian Mohammedans. Everywhere the missionaries and the Per- sian evangelists find unending opportunity for friendly and hospit- able talk about the Gospels. Controversy and hostility can, of eourse, be easily aroused, and now and then a Mohammedan eeclesiastic will seek to break up a household or a village gathering. But such occurrences are exeeptional, and, with tact and kindness, the Gospel can be preached almost anywhere in Persia, almost invariably with response.

"What was it in Christianity," we asked some capable young men in Tabriz, one of whom had been a mollah and who had come from Islam to Christ, "what was it in Christianity which made appeal to your mind and heart 1"

"Its inward power," replied the ex-mollah. "Other religions work outwardly, Mohammedanism most of all. It is a religion of statutes and performances; Christianity works within men's hearts with a living spiritual power."

"I agree," said another, "and I would like to add the love of God, shown to the world through Christ. Islam knows nothing of a God of love sacrificing Himself for us. "

What Islam needE, they agreed, is to have the power and love of Christianity made clear to it with love and power.

"Yes," we asked them, "but what is the best way to present the Gospel to Mohammedans?"

This is one of the two supreme missionary problems in every field. The other is how we who preach Christ may also live Him in illustration and verification of our preaehing. And this is a problem for the Chureh at home as well as for the missionary abroad.

"The best method of presentation," said the moUah, "is to compare the foundations of Christianity and Islam, to make the Mo- 963

hammedan understand there is something he does not know or possess. Mohammedans think they have all the truth. They must be shown that they do not have it."

"N0," said one of the others, "in this I do not agree. From my experience I believe tpat comparison creates antagonism. I believe that we should show the love of God positively. This is the principle I follow, just to preach Christ. If we make comparisons, then people must defend themselves."

What the Christian converts from Mohammedanism in Persia regard as the weakness of Islam and the attractions of Christianity, and what they believe to be the best method of approach to their fel- low Mohammedans are set forth in an ingenious and instructive way in the. answers which a score or more of these converts gave to a set of seven questions sent out by Mr. Wilson of Tabriz. The answers come from all types, educated and ignorant, men and women, young and old, from different social levels. As indicated in the answers to the first questions, some had been Christians for long years before their open baptism. Others were recent believers. The questions were as follows: (1) How long have you been a Christian!

(2) In what ways did Islam fail to satisfy you ~ (3) What first attracted your attention to Christianity7 (4) What brought about your conversion 7 (5) What has Christianity done for you f (6) In trying to convert Moslems should Christians argue with them on points of religion?

(7) What do you consider to be the best methods to be followed in winning Moslems to Christ f The following are representative answers: Mirza Khan: (1) Fourteen years.

(2) 1. The teachings of the Koran are against the conscience.

2. The different teachings of the prophets. 3. The fruits of Islam are wickedness, lies, enmity and many other bad things which are among the Mohammedans of today.

(3) The first thing which attracted my attention to Christianity was the character of Christians, and then conversing with the Ameri- can missionaries at Resht.

(4) ……

(5) Christianity has delivered me from the death and has com- forted me and given me a new birth. .

(6) In conversing with a Moslem the Word should be read to him and one should explain it and speak so kindly that he should be made silent. .

– – – . A woman of Teheran: (1) Fifteen years, from childhood.

ACCESSffiILITY OF PERSIAN MOSLEMS

(2) The character of Mohammed and the errors of the Koran prove them to be from man and the Devil.

(3) The Messianic prophecies.

(4) The thirteenth chapter of Zechariah.

(5) Christianity made me over again. It made me a different person. I am in the Kingdom already.

(6) We should argue only on special occasions.

(7) In order to win the Moslems to Christ it is necessary to show them what religion is. Make them understand the horrors of sin and call their attention to certain passages of the Koran where Mohammed has confessed himself to be a sinner and has stated that people can be saved by the Law.

—-Khan ,of Teheran: (1) Four years.

(2) 1. Lack of salvation. 2. The corruption of the priests. 3. The law of Mohammed being a coPY of the Mosaic Law. 4. The qualities of God. 5. The shrines. 6. The person of Mohammed having very shameful qualities.

(3) The sinlessness of Christ. His crucifixion :ror our salvation. The firm faith of the missionaries in Him. Their kindness to the Gentiles.

(4) Reading the Holy Book. Speaking to the Christians on religious truths. Going to the Church and other religious meetings.

(5) It has saved mv life. It has given me inward peace and happinesl' and a firm belief in the world to come.

(6) No.

(7) Show them the corruntion of Islam, and their houelessness to be saved through a man who was a sinner himself.. Provin~ to them, by quoting some verses, that no prophet should come after Christ and through Christ alone salvation could be received. Showing them the loving kindness of God and His desire to receive us in His Heavenly Canaan above. It is advisable to ask them to read the Bible from first to end; and also to kneel down and ask God to help them in finding the true way that leads to salvation. – – – – Khanim, a woman of Teheran: . (1) Eighteen years.

(2) 1. Because I found out that Christians were not looking for any prophet to come after Christ. 2. Because Islam failed to satisfy my spiritual desires.

(3) The Messianic Prophecies. (4) A Heavenly vision. (5) Christianity has auenched my spiritual thirst. I can forgive and I have nrotection against sin. (6) It depends upon persons.

(7) 1. By our conduct. 2. Make them understand that Christ is the First and the Last. 3. To show them with great patience that they have nothing by which they can be saved.

Mohammed Khan, of Teheran: (1) One year.

(2) 1. The opposition of the Koran with the Heavenly Books.

2. The opposition of the verses with each other in the Koran. 3. The self-loving of Mohammed and taking the wives of others by the verse which he made for his lasciviousness. 4. The words of Mohammed did not give me peace at the heart. 5. The untruthful actions of the Moslems and the lack of love between them. And thousauds of other things which cannot be mentioned.

(3) Reading the Word and knowing that it is true. The treat- ment by Christians of each other according to the Gospel and their sincere love to each other.

(4) As the one who asks this question is a Christian, of course he knows that conversion will not happen unless by the help of the Holy Spirit; and if one has not received the Holy Spirit, he has not been converted; and if he has not been converted, he has not known Christ.

(5) I was a sinner and Christ has forgiven my sins. I was dead and He has given me the everlasting life. I always was afraid of death, but now being anxious to see Ohrist, I am ready to meet the death. My heart was always beating because of the fear of sin, and I was living in trouble, but Christ has comforted me and given me an external peace, and I know the blood of Christ has cleansed my sins and I have part in the blessing with Him.

(6) Yes.

(7) In the first place a Testament should be given to him, to read it attentively, in order that the Word itself may lighten his heart. Then the cutting sword, i. e., "The Mizan-el-Haq," should be given to him, so that, if he is a conscientious man he may understand that Mohammed was a false prophet.

Mirza —- of Tabriz: (1) Eight years-on probation six months.

(2) The proper foundation for world relations, I had long con- sidered to be love but I found no love in Islam. I never found assur- ance in Islam as to what the final state of mankind would be. Mo- hammed was himself a sinner as proven by his own prayers and verses from the Koran and can never bring salvation to the world.

(3) I worked with a Christian and heard his conversations with Kasha Moorhatch and especially saw his good life.

(4) Reading the New Testament and holy books of other re- ligions.

(5) My conscience and heart are at peace and I have assurance of Salvation.

ACCESSIBILITY OF PERSIAN MOSLEMS

(6) The first thing to show is Christian Life-let him compare that. Then discussion is sometimes profitable.

(7) 1. Christians must live according to the program set forth in the New Testament. We must strive to live like Jesus. 2. We must endeavor to find what obstacles lie in men's minds and remove these obstacles. 3. We must endeavor to cooperate to the fullest extent in keeping converts from going astray. 4. Just as we must plow before we sow seed, so small tracts and words scattered here and there are necessary to prepare Moslems to accept preaching and the New Testament. We must first awaken the sleepers of Islam before they ~an see and understand the Truth. – – – of Meshed: (1) Fourteen months since baptism. (2) Three years ago I saw the mollahs were corrupt, and they defended themselves by saying they are following Mohammed. Now I see Persians being made Moslems at point of sword. (3) Reading a Bible which a native Christian had given me. (4) I saw how different Jesus was from Mohammed and that I had been deceived. My heart became bright, and I believed. (5) Before, I loved eyil, now I love good. Before, I abused my family, now I am kind. Before, I used to ride over people on the street, now I won't hurt anyone. Before, my heart had no rest, now I have peace. (6) Sometimes it is necessary to argue fiercely. (7) We must not live in sin, as Moslems do. We must prove Christ's divinity from the Bible. We must sell Scriptures, but try to follow up and explain. A hospital and Sunday meetings are a help. B – – – of Meshed: (1) Fourteen months. (2) Dissatisfied first after a study of Moslem law in connection with a study of the Bible. (3) Impressed by the consistency and agreement of the moral teachings in the Bible. Christ in the New Testament seemed to fulfill the Messianic hope of the Old Testament. (4) Fellowship with Christian friends, especially in the reading room.

(5) Personal assurance of faith and happiness in living. The pleasure of helping others to the same state of salvation and Christian fellowship, (6) With friendship, love, and patience argument may be used to advantage.

(7) Through the evidence of Christian character, friendship, and love, in all the natural contacts that one Christian may have with fri::mds, relatives and acquaintances.

The most powerful, although for many years it may seem to be au indirect approach to a nation or a religion, is through its women,

and the next generation will reveal, as we cannot estimate it now, the immense influence which Christian missions are exerting upon the world in the quiet work which they are doing for the women and girls of the non-Christian lands. The Christian ideal of woman, the redemption and the release of her immense creative energies for social progress, the enrichment of life which she is to make when first her own life has been enriched by Christ, these things change the face of every society to which they come. No society needs them more or will be more profoundly influenced by them than Persia. They will revolutionize the villages of Persia, turning to usefulness forces of womanhood which now are wasted or worse than wasted in the deterioration which they effect in home and community life. The doorway to the new Persia through the hearts and minds of the village women, now so empty of all but deadening manual toil and the animal activities of life, is wide open to the approach of Christian women and the interests and expansions and purities which they bring with them.

A Moslem woman once remarked to Mrs. Hawkes after watching Mr. and Mrs. Hawkes together on one of their itinerating trips to the villages and noting the courtesy and thoughtfulness of a Christian man towards his wife: "Khanim, your Prophet, did well for you Christian women. Our Prophet did not do so well for ns. I shall have words with our Prophet when I meet him in the next world. And I am going to stand by the open gate of Hell and watch the men of Islam march in first."

One day on the road near Turkomanchi, where the treaty of peace was signed between Russia and Persia in 1828 which took away from Persia its territories betmeen the Caucasus Mountains and the Aras River, we met a Mohammedan farmer and his twelve-year-old boy on their way to the village. He was a kindly, friendly soul, intelligent but simple minded, and he walked along beside the horses almost the whole farsakh to Turkomanchi. It was a nice village, he said, of about five hundred houses. There had been seven hundred, but the famine of two years ago which wiped out many villages of western Persia had destroyed not less than two hundred households here. As to politics, he thought the Shah was a good man trying to help his country … As to religion, yes, he prayed and his son. For whaU For the peace and prosperity of the country, for happiness and for health. There were four mosques and five mollahs in Turkomanchi, and, oh yes, they were good men. "Was there polygamy in Turko- – manchi, and how many wives did Islam allow1" "Five or ten," he replied, "or forty or fifty, as many as a man might want, but our village is a poor village, and no oue has many wives there." But on further testing he hedged in his numbers, and he did not know what the Koran had to say. But no one could have all these wives at once; only five at one time perhaps, and the others in succession. "

Was divorce so easy as this, we inquired, and were these rights' and obligations mutual7 "Yes and no," said he. "A man can divorce his wife when he will, but not a wife her husband; and a man can beat his wife, if necessary, but no wife might beat her husband." Well, how many men were accustomed to beat their wives in Turko- manchi7 "Oh," he said, "there were several good women whom it was never necessary to beat. " How many wives beat their husbands ~ we inquired. Were there not mauy men in Turkomanchi who deserved a good beating, and was there any adequate reason why if the husband might beat his wife, when it was necessary, a wife should not also, when it was necessary, beat her husband 7 He looked up in amused astonishment at this. "That would never do," said he.

Did Mohammedanism forbid lies T we asked. The religion said nothing on this subject, he replied, but on second thought he modified this. Liars were regarded as bad men in his village, and certainly God did not approve of lies. How many wives had he 7 Only one, he answered. Did the women of Islam prefer polygamy, we asked him, or would they rather live in homes where there was only one wife' "Oh, if women were left to themselves," said he, "a man would have only one wife, but then they have no choice in the matter." Why shouldn't they have a choice 7 we asked, and more than that, if it was right for a mau to have a uumber of wives, why wasn't it right for a woman, if she desired, to have a number of husbands, and beat them too, if it was necessary 7 "N0," said he, "that would be the end of society."

We were drawing near the village, and we made bold to ask him whether he loved his wife. "Khanim," said he to Miss Lamme, who was interpreting, "those who tell lies are not the friends of God."

I asked him as we parted whether he had ever heard of a queen of Persia or a queen of Turkey, two of the most ruined and wretched nations on earth; whether he had ever reflected on the fact that the head of the greatest nation in the world, during the nineteenth century, for more than fifty years had been a woman, and that there was no hope for his country or for any other country that kept its women in the position which falls to them and to which they fall under Islam. And when they rise as they will rise, what will they do with Islam 7 Let those who have a word for this religion be adequately mindful of its most exposed and effective pathway of approach.

I have not spoken here of the approach to Islam through the hospitals and schools. I have meant only to call attention to the accessibility of Mohammedanism in Persia to immediate and direct approach. All the facts of the Christian Gospel and the full offer of Christ as the Saviour of men from sin unto life may be spoken all over Persia today with the full assurance of welcome and response.

Missionary Demand and

BY ROBERT P. WILDER, NEW YORK "S General Secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement INCE the war, the great supply storehouse for foreign mis- sionaries lies in America," said an Englishman who surveyed . with dismay the number of lives that were lost to Great Britain through that terr:ible catastrophe. A glance at the figures compiled by the British Student Volunteer Missionary Union in re- gard to new Volunteers sailing during recent years illustrates this point. Whereas from 1912 to 1914 the figures ran one hundred and lIbove, with the year 1915 a fall began and in 1918 only six persons sailed to the mission field who were enlisted through that recruiting agency. Since the armistice, the figures have begun to mount again and during the past year, ninety-nine have sailed to the mission field.

-The North American Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions counted the year 1920 as the best in its history up to that time; 595 Student Volunteers sailed, which was twenty-five per cent more than the number going out in the previous year, and fifty per cen:t mote than the average sailing each of the past ten years. The sailing list for 1921 is 637, which is forty-two more than the record year of 1920.

The demand for foreign missionaries far outstrips the supply.

Jesus Christ said; "Go ye into all the world and preach the gospel to every creature." The non-Christian world is so extensive that gigantic efforts are needed in order to fill its needs. However, what does gauge the direct demand is the financial capacity of the mission boards of the evangelical churches to send out missionaries. In 1922, the Boards were asking for 1,833 new missionaries for the foreign field alone.

The Student Volunteer Movement acts as a clearing honse to re- cruit students in the colleges and other institutions of higher leaming. Traveling secretaries are the evangelists who move· among the student body, urging those who are inclined to become missionaries to do so through their respective Boards. Of course some applicants are not accepted and even those candidates who appear satisfactory .

are sometimes hindered from carrying out their purpose.

The fields needing the largest number of missionaries are China, India, Africa, Japan and South America. Of the 9,379 Vohmteers who have sailed since the inception of the Student Volunteer Move- ment thirty-five years ago, the ratios have gone out in just that pro; portion: the largest number to China, then toO India (Burma and Oeylon).

970 The problem of supply and demand in the mission field raises a question as to whether the call today differs from the missionary urge of a generation ago. At present, the majority of calls are for or- dained men and evangelistic women. Next comes the demand for Christian teachers of all sorts, instrnctors in indnstrial occupationr:; and kindergarteners. Following upon this, comes the medical appeal, and lastly literary and miscellaneous workers. Interesting sidelights upon the variety of training and calling demanded are shown by de- tailed description of some of the calls. One Board wants a business administrator for a foreign university; another denomination wishes an "industrial man doing carpentry, brick and tile-making, tailoring and shoe repairing"; another call is for an athletic director, "some- one who does not use tobacco or liquor in any form and who has a real missionary spirit"; other calls are for foresters, women economic experts and architects. Here are fifty or sixty varieties of calls, ranging all the way from teachers of music and art to secretaries for leper work. One may be wanted to teach small boys and girls, another to instruct adults, another to go into the native houses, advising mothers, grandmothers and guardians. The advance in openings for women in the last named capacity can be noticed with the passage of time; there is an urgent crying need for women doctors. A rather unusual sort of missionary which was sought by the Northern Baptist Board was one to navigate the Japan Inland Sea, opening stations along the shore and preaching to the men on the various ships and craft, as opportunity offered.

The Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church North at its meeting on December 5,1921, appointed as a missionary and assigned to the East Persia Mission, a young man who applied with special reference to being sent to Afghanistan. In his application he stated: "The blood of the pioneer is in me, I love the frontier. When we entered the war, I did not go, but when we were called, I went and none was more eager to be in the fight than I. Then the end came and I was left on this side. Why didn't I get across? Maybe I might have gone if I had only volunteered: and now I am determined not be left behind this time on account of failure to volunteer. I want to go to the limit and that is why I want to go to Afghanistan … The commission I hold is the Great Commission, and if I correctly interpret my Captain's orders, it is to the foreign field. "

Other niches in the profession of life on the mission field are designated respectively: school of journalism teacher, instructor in school for deaf, physiologist, rcentgenologist, editor, farm manager and survey specialist. Recently someone wrote to the Student Volunteer Movement about his professional tastes, mentioning his qualification as a textile engineer and wondering whether that branch would be of use to him on the foreign field.

A young Volunteer just out of college writes enthusiastically of kindergartening in China: "You are right in congratulating me, because I consider myself about the most fortunate person in the world to be here teaching missionaries' children. I had no idea that it was so delightful. I have the best and most intelligent children you could find in any place. Some of the staff here would feel a little happier if they did have a few hardships, because they came over thinking that they were giving up a great deal and find that they are not giving up anything. Everyone who has been over here likes China and the Chinese. Some of us have organized a Chinese mess. We eat nothing but Chinese food, and have nothing to eat it with but chop-sticks. Only for our rice water do we use China spoons. This food is every bit as good and as wholesome as western food."

Sometimes definite calls state concise items warning against certain character peculiarities which would handicap a candidate on the field-"Must not be of a nervous or excitable temperament," or "must have great physical endurance." These are straws in the wind which point to the complexity of the profession of ministering to others in strange lands. That it is not an easy accomplishment is readily shown, for example, in the case of a preacher at home or abroad. In America an ordained man might preach in a town of 1,500 inhabitants having only three churches; while in some obscure corner of the earth he might be required to hold his own in a city of 150,000 with only three churches. The same is true of the surgeon through whose capable hands 20,000 cases may pass in a year while stationed at Porto Rico or some other spot menaced by inadequate hygienic observances.

The real test of the power of the Student Volunteer Movement is seen after all not so much in the large number who have sailed; but in the difficulties which have been overcome by members in achieving their purpose: difficulties pertaining to ill-health, difficulties related to securing thorough preparation, difficulties involving family ties. difficulties incident to the financial position of the Mission Boards or due to the ultra-conservative policy of some Boards as to expansion, difficulties of the most personal character, involving conflicts with temptation, doubt and selfish ambition.

Withal the Volunteer Movement, for some time, has furnished approximately seventy-five per cent of the men missionaries of college grade from North America and seventy per cent of the unmarried women. Investigations have shown that nearly, if not quite, seventyfive per cent of the Volunteers assign the activities of the Movement as the principal or determining factor in their decision to become missionaries, and the others have borne testimony to the influence of the Movement in strengthening their purpose, furthering their preparation and hastening their going forth to the field.

It is, however, far preferable to have a few men and women go

THE MISSIONARY DEMAND AND SUPPLY

out who are all filled With the spirit of Christ and who are sound on the essentials of the faith, than to send out a multitude whose hearts have not been soundly converted. The late Baron Nicolay of Russia said: "I would rather have a half dozen soundly converted than six hundred in whose hearts there is no spiritual life, because the six men will be propagating centers of life."

To heal the bodies, enlighten the minds and improve the environment of the millions in the non-Christian world constitute a great privilege as well as obligation. Medical, educational and industrial work are not merely means to an end. They are in themselves worthy ends. But in presenting the openings for medical, educational and industrial missionary work abroad, much more is desired than what is usually meant by philanthropy. The spiritual qualifications for the work of a foreign missionary are those which should mark the life of any Christian, but they are of supreme importance in non-Christian lands. A personal knowledge of Jesus Christ and the ability to introduce others to Him are fundamental. In order to exalt His Cross the missionary must know Christ as His personal Saviour and must have Christ's sacrificial spirit in his own life. This results in a continuous sense of God's call to service, a spirit of true humility and a constant inflow of wisdom and power from the Divine source of wisdom and power. Simple training, coupled with the power of the Holy Spirit, are the sources from which the ministry is recruited. The simple village church in non-Christian lands, as at home, is the most prolific source of Christian leaders, rather than the higher educational institutions of the cities. Too much specialization, too much higher education, too much reliance upon adequate financial support from a home base, too much concentration in fields already occupied, together with too little scattering into the unreached corners of the earth, are dangers which are liable to wreck the missionary enterprise as conceived in the days of old by Jesus who Himself" went about doing good, healing the sick, talking to men and women by the wayside, teaching by parable and precept, and sending out disciples by twos and twos."

THE MISSIONARY CALL James Gilmour, the missionary who labored heroically for the Mongal tribes of North China, tersely put the matter of a missionary call thus: "To me it is not, 'Why go" but 'Why not go?' Even on the low ground of eommon sense I was called to be a missionary, Is the Kingdom a harvest field 1 Then it is only reasonable that I should seek the work where the need is greatest. "

Dare we, who profess allegiance to Christ, quibble about a "call" when He has COMMANDED, and when millions are still living in misery and dying in hopelessness for lack of so much as a gleam of Divine Light, and life, if we are able to go to their rescue f

Together in Garretsville, 0

BY GEORGE W. EDDY Representative of the Ohio Rural Life Association G ARRETSVILLE is a prosperous community between Youngs- town and Cleveland. The population of about one thousand is engaged partly in farming, partly in manufacturing and partly in business. The good houses, electric lights, paved streets and sidewalks indicate a progressiveness and community spirit that are often absent in larger towns. The people came to recognize the unbusinesslike and un-Christian policy of competition in Church organization, and themselves worked out a plan which has proved successful in the "United Church of Garretsville."

In April, 1916, there were four Protestant churches in the town- Congregational, Methodist, Disciples of Christ, and Baptist-one for every two hundred fifty inhabitants. The Congregational Church, which was the largest, paid the munificent salary of $800, with a par- sonage for its pastor. The others paid smaller sums and shared their pastors' services with other small towns. The Disciples' preacher was occupied during the week as Educational Secretary of the Y. M. C. A. in Youngstown, thirty miles away. The Baptists were aided by their State Convention. Many of the best members of the churches had died or moved away. The spirit of rivalry that existed was shown when the Congregational pastor attempted to organize a branch of the Boy Scouts of America for all the boys of the community, and was obliged to abandon the plan because members of other churches feared it was an attempt to win the boys over to his church.

Much credit for the changed condition of affairs in Garretsville is due to the good sense of the Congregational minister, who, having other sources of income, was willing to give to the church in Garretsville better services than they might otherwise have secured. In the preparation of an address on the overchurched conditions in rural Ohio, Dr. H– became so much interested in the subject that he began to educate his own congregation along lines of cooperation and union. He attempted to effect a union with the Disciples, but the time was not ripe and later attempts to unite with the Baptists also failed.

The opportunity came two years later when the Baptist minister resigned. Dr. H–, who was an elderly man, retired from active service and removed to Cleveland. The Disciples' preacher presented his resignation so that the three churches were without leaders. All three of these churches have the congregational form of government so that there was no outside authority to which they must appeal for permission to act. Each has, also, practically the 974 same form of worship, so that the only difference is in regard to bap- tism. One morning Mr. M– of the Congregational Church met his friend Mr. B– of the Baptist Church and suggested that now would be a good time to federate. Mr. B– proposed that they hold union services during the summer. On the first Sunday in May the Baptists and Congregationalists worshiped together, and on the fol- lowing Sunday they were joined by the Disciples. The church at- tendance was better than it had ever been known to be, being larger than the aggregate of the previous attendance in the separate churches. The Sunday-schools, instead of having an attendance of sixty-five, twenty, and twelve respectively, had a total attendance of 130, with all the benefits of the enthusiasm of numbers, better music, better teachers, and better Christian spirit. For a time the prayer-meetings were held alternately in the Baptist and Disciples church buildings, which, in order to get away from the denominational spirit, were renamed the "Maple Avenue" and the "South Street" churches.

As the weeks went by, there was naturally some talk by people outside these three churches. "vVill the Methodists join~" was a most natural question. This church was nearly as large as the Congregational Church, but the pastor was obliged to serve another church out of town. A number of the Methodists were in favor of forming one federated community church, but other counsels prevailed, one man declaring that he was "not in favor of aiding any movement that could not last a year." Others could not see any way to join the new movement without surrendering deeply cherished convictions. On the other hand some business men, who had not previously cared about church work, became interested and offered to contribute generously if the plan could be carried through.

As September approached, the question of a permanent union was discussed and each church took a separate vote. In only one was there any division, and even there the members were "practically unanimous" in favor of continuing the union services indefinitely. Each church chose members of a joint committee of arrangements and a new organization was formed and incorporated with the name of the "United Church," which should include all who were members of any of the three churches. No member was asked to alter any of his beliefs, and any candidate for adm~ssion might choose his own mode of baptism. Contributions for missionary work were to be sent to the denominational bodies indicated by the givers or as determined by a joint committee. For all local work the members were to act as one body.

One of the most difficult problems was the selection of a pastor, but this also was solved by selecting a young man of rural experience, a graduate of Yale University, with a quiet, sympathetic personality; yet a fluent and effective speaker who dares to talk plainly.

Mr. P–, one of the trustees, when asked to what denomination the pastor belonged, replied, "We asked him not to tell us." That was not important. They wanted to get the right kind of a man and they wanted to keep denominational prejudices entirely out of consideration.

What have been the results~ In June, about a year after the beginning of the experiment, without previous notice I visited the United Church of Garretsville as a representative of the Ohio Rural Life Association. I was met most cordially at the door by the chief usher, and was made to feel at home from the first.

I was impressed by the printed calendar which the usher had given me. I noticed that the selections for the organ were far better than one often finds in a country church. Below the Responsive Reading I saw "The United Church Motto," which was repeated by the congregation. It is printed on cards and hung on the walls, as well as being printed on the front of the calendar: "In essentials, unity; In non-essentials, liberty; In diversities, charity; In all things, Christ first. "

All the seats, even those about the wall were occupied. The choir of about twenty voices was led by an efficient director. The pastor brought a fearless message of St. John the Baptist to the people who came to hear him in the wilderness of Judea.

People in other country towns complain that the automobiles are keeping people away from church but in Garretsville there are a half dozen men who make several trips in their cars every Sunday morning to take people to and from church.

Some have objected to union church work fOr! fear that the denominational missions might suffer, but in Garretsville more money has been sent to each of the three denominational agencies than ever before.

What of the future' Inside the door of the church hangs a plan for a large addition to the present building, with provisions for a gymnasium, a kitchen, and a bowling alley. The Boy Scouts have again been organized, and a spirit of loyalty and friendliness seems to pervade the atmosphere. The pastor said to me, "There is a wonderful amount of energy among the members here ready to be used. This was all done by the people themselves, and if any other community should be considering such a move, we have among our members a number of good speakers who would be glad to go and tell how it was done in Garretsville. "

.

Church Situation in

BY B. H. DARROW, COLUMBUS, OHIO Assistant Secretary of the Commission on Church and Country Life There are at least one thousand overchurched communities in Ohio. This makes the report of the Ohio Church Survey especially timely in that it gives a definite body of facts. The survey includes twelve hundred rural town- ships of the thirteen hundred and eighty-eight townships in the state. Towns of 2,500 population and over are not included.

The survey·proves conclusively that there is a real country church prob- lem. Ohio has 9,890 churches of which slightly over six thousand are rural.

The rural population by the 1910 census was approximately one and three quarters million and the urban three million. Using the exact figures it is found that the country has an average of 286 people per church and the towns and cities 769. Such cities as Cincinnati have one church for approximately 3,000 people. On the average each township has five churches and two min- isters for its 1,470 people. 'rhus the church must draw its support from 286 men, women and children. Since only 39% of Ohio people express even nominal church connection and a very much smaller per cent are active mem- bers the churches are necessarily very weak in numbers and consequently, in support. Of the 6,000 rural churches in Ohio, 4,000 have less than 100 mem- bers, 3,000 have less than 75 members, 2,000 have less than 50 members, 700 have no regular minister, 5,000 have one-half or less of a minister's service, and 1,000 have the full time of a minister.

The dairyman who tries to feed two cows on the amount of food needed to support one finds that neither will produce much milk. The same holds true in the support of churches. Where density of population, condition of roads, etc., make it possible there should be 500 population for each church.

The majority of the churches with less than 100 members do not prosper and the greater the number of churches in small communities, the greater the de- cline in attendance.

As the gardener "thins" his vegetables in order that the remaining plants may be strong and productive, so will country people at the direction of the Great Gardener be obliged to thin out the churches planted too thickly by zealous but misguided denominational strategists of the past. Other prob- lems of the country church are largely an outgrowth of overchurching-"part time ministry," "non-resident ministry," "short term ministry," "underpaid ministry," and "the growth of home missionary fields." To solve the ques- tion of overchurching will make these other problems easier of solution.

In Southern Ohio are some counties in which all that makes life livable is at low ebb. In one of these counties there were ninety-six churches in ]883.

Today there are sixty-two, with a total budget of $8,000 per year or an average of less than $130.00 per church. Disease, immorality, poverty, ignorance and poor farming must all be attacked, along with the growing tendency to desert wholesome religion for a fanatical type which has fought schools, Sunday schools and every other medium of progress. , Whether we wish it or not, the question of overchurching and its solu- tion is facing us. We can continue to evade it and say that leadership is the big and only question. Or we can recognize it, keep before us the main object "The Good of the Kingdom of God" and prepare to trade off or federate, or by some yet undevised plan, readjust the church map to fit the needs. One thousand Ohio communities need this readjustment.

977 4

the Jew and the

BY REV. J.L.GARLAND, ST. LEONARDS, ENGLAND T HE Hebrews, who have been known as a religious people since the time of the Patriarchs, are today in various ways still searching after God, if haply they may find Him. Vast multitudes of them "have a zeal for God, but not according to knowl- edge." In the lowest form, this search for God is seen in a worship of power. They know the human God of the Talmud but not the God of the Old Testament prophets, nor do they recognize Him as re- vealed in Ohrist. Another way in which they worship God is in their zeal for the Law.~ This zeal for formal observance of Mosaic institutions hinders their acceptance of salvation through Ohrist. Their righteousness is that sought through dead works not through a living faith. The Jews also seek God through their national customs, but in the figure they fail to see the truth exemplified and the Redeemer ,foreshadowed in such ceremonies as the Passover and the Day of Atonement. .

THE OHRISTIAN ANSWER TO THE JEW'S SEARCH The answer which many so-called Ohristians have given to the search of the Jew for God has been either persecution or neglect.

Too often those for whom Ohrist died have been left to grope in dark- ness and have even been thrust away from the Light. Our first attempt to answer the search of the Jew for God should be to remove from their way the stumbling blocks which Ohristians have placed there. "First cast the beam out of thine own eye, and then shalt thou see clearly to cast the mote out of thy brother's eye." Some of these stumbling blocks are the following: 1. Persecution.-In spite of all God's warnings, so-called Ohris- tians expelled the Jews from England in 1289; from France in 1394; from Spain in 1491; from Portugal in 1499. The history of the Jews in Ohristendom is stained with tears and drenched in blood. Anti- Semitism is still rife and is found even in America and England to- day. In Poland, Roumania and Russia the Jews have endured such suffering as has not been since the siege of Titus. 2. Idolatry.-The warnings of the Old Testament against idol- atry are repeated in the New Testament but Ohristians, nevertheless, are continually guilty of putting gold, pleasure, ambition before God and the Kingdom of Heaven. The servants of Bacchus and of Fortuna are more numerous and devoted today in Ohristian lands than at any time under the old Greeks and Romans. Oovetousness is idolatry and all of this is a gigantic stumbling block in the way of the Jews.

978

GOD, TR~ J1<1W AND THE CliRISTIAN

3. Neglect of the Law and the Prophets.-Although we are free from the ceremonial observances of the Law, yet our duty is to study it and to carry out the spirit of the Law. Christ magnified the Law by showing the wisdom of its statutes, the richness of its promises, the typical fulness of all its ordinances, the reasonableness of its services, the depth of its meaning, and the purity of its holiness. With all this He revealed its entire harmony with the Gospel in fore- shadowing the truth and the earnest of its grace.

The restoration of Israel to their own land, though taking place before our eyes, is not believed. The return of Christ to reign over Israel as their king, the glory of their nation in the latter day, subordination of the Gentile states to the Messiah, and much else that is plainly and repeatedly predicted, is disbelieved and ignored by Christians today. Even the professed students in the Old Testa- ment have too often reduced the Law and the Prophets to a mere col- lection of fragments, possessing naught but an archreological in- terest. These are stumbling blocks to the Jewish seekers after God. How can we expect others to believe in the Christ prophesied in the Old Testament if we do not believe in its trustworthiness? If we do not believe in the Old Testament, we shall find it difficult to lead the Jew to a belief in the New.

The essence of the Christian reply to the search of the Jew for God must be by the preaching of Christ and Him crucified. Christ is the fulfillment of the Old Testament types and foreshadowings and prophecies. He is our Joseph and Joshua and David; our highpriest and sacrifice; our prophet, priest and king.

A thorough study of the Gospel according to St. Matthew and of the Epistle to the Hebrews is, perhaps, the most valuable mental training for a missionary to the Jews. For instance, as a Christian answer to the Jewish view of the Day of Atonement, what can be better than the statement in the ninth chapter of the Epistle to the Hebrews~* The Christian answer to the search of the Jew for God must also be made by manifesting to them the love of Christ in its length, breadth, depth ¥d height. Weare bound to show an active and beneficent love to them as Christ loved us. Industrial and medical and educational as well as evangelistic missions are needed in work for Jews to interpret that love. Nay, more! Christ laid down His life for us and we need to be ready to lay down our lives for them, if need be. If we love the Jews out of their unbelief, we shall find the Jews will be responsive to love and will learn to love God and to accept Jesus Christ as God manifest in the flesh and as their Saviour and Lord.

IIJln this connection. I should like to recommend to you two books: (1) Kellogg's Leviticus. (2) Archdeacon Moule's "The Offerings Made Like unto the Son of God."

BY MRs. E. C. CRONK, 1612 GROVE AVENUE, RICHMOND

THE MISSIONARY OPPORTUNITY OF CHRISTMAS In a far away land there was great rejoicing. Throughout the realm the message was passed: "The birthday of the king draweth near. On the king's birthday he himself will visit the land. Let the hearts of all the people be glad. Make ready for the coming of the king."

Immediately everyone in the realm began to prepare for the king's coming. All of his loyal subjects thought first of presents for their king. Then so great was the rejoicing that every man began to make presents to his fellowman and every woman to her neighbor. Fathers and mothers prepared gifts for their children and children made gifts to their parents.

Feasts of rejoicing were prepared and neighbors invited neighbors to join them in their feasts. The shops were filled with eager purchasers searching for gifts. So busy were the people with their preparations that they worked far into the night. So intent did they become on their gifts one to another, and on their celebrations, and on their feasts, that the king was forgotten.

When he came on his birthday he found his people feasting and making merry and giving many presents one to another and some among them said, "Would that the king had chosen some other time, for we are all busy now with many things that call us."

Among all the people of the land there was none who remembered the birthday of the king.

"WAIT UNTIL AFTER CHRISTMAS" ,,Wait until after Christmas" all Tens of thousands of times will ye hosts of clamoring social activities. these words be spoken in the days of Let us have Christmas fo,r the cele- December. It would be well if they bration of the coming of our King. were spoken in answer to the multi- Let us have time for our children at tude of calls that come for the inci- Christmas, time for our Church, time dentals of Christmas time. The real for the poor and needy, time to center tragedy is that we "wait until after our thoughts and our activities on Christmas" for the real message and giving "to all people" the message meaning of Christmas-for the cele- of Christmas.

bration of the coming of the King.

"Behold I bring you good tidings PLANNING CHRISTMAS CELE- of great joy 'Which shall be to aU BRATION people"-and half the world waits yet for the Christmas message. We The ChurC'h Cabinet, composed of feast and make merry and shower the official Board of the congregation gifts upon our friends. Weare busy and one representative from every with many things until we have no organization in the Church, met early time for the realities of Christmas. in November to make Christmas plans 980

BEST METHODS

that would neither overlook nor over- EVERYLAND BABIES.

lap. A CHRISTMAS APPEAL FOR THE WORLD First the various Christmas serv- CHILDREN ices and programs for the church were planned and correlated and the re- Arranged by Katharine Scherer Cronk Rponsibility di"vided. A scheme for Christmas decorations was presented Enter group of twelve or more and various individuals and organiza- children dressed in white or robed in tions were asked to provide certain choir vestments. They take seats to left and at a signa.l rise and sing: features. The junior superintendent "SILENT NIGHT!

proposed that her children would HOLY NIGHT!" make wreaths, and stars. They met on a number of afternoons. She told Enter an American mother with them Christmas and missionary sto- small baby in her arms; or a screen ries as they worked. They became so may be moved to disclose mother leanmuch interested that in addition to ing over a dainty bassinet. As pianist the decorations for the church they plays, she gives as a recitative: made wreaths, or paper poinsettias "A MOTHER'S PRAYER" in tiny pots, to be given to sick folks By I,AURA SCHERER. COPENHAVER. in the congregation, and in the city hospitals. "As I hold my own baby, Christmas music was careful[y So close to my breast, planned, with special features by the With the tiny soft fingers children. A music extension service Like pink rosebuds l)]·essed. Do I think of that Baby was discussed and a committee was Of heavenly birth, appointed to study carefully the pos- Wh() came bringing hope " sibilities for providing Christmas To the m()thers of the earth'

music at various institutions. A "As I clasp my own baby, "Christmas Carol Tour" was arranged for the children's choir, with So close with a prayer, the result that on Christmas eve and That the Saviour will keep us With all watchful care, Do I think of the mothers Christmas day, various groups of Whose mute, nameless fears children were taken in automobiles to Bow them low to blind gods sing carols at homes and hospitals. With dumb lips and deaf earsY The older choirs and special soloists "In my borne where my child also arranged to sing in the prisons Is a gift from the Lord, and other institutions to which they comd carry Christmas messages. Where the mother is honored, The baby adored, Do I think of far lands, The Christmas giving program was Where at breaking of day, most carefully arranged. First the The unwanted babies money offerings were discussed and correlated. Then Christmas boxes and Are carried away' baskets. Various classes and organizations assumed the responsibility for "Oh Father, who gavest My baby to me, May the love of my child Bring me closer to Thee, meeting the needs presented. Many May the children of earth opportunities were brought out in the Who know not Thy Son discussion but no one organization would have thought of them all. The Be more p.recious to me result was a wEMI-planned, welL-co- Because of my own."

-Copyrighted.

ordinated celebration of Christmas by ·Oop"'. in leaflet farm may be secured trom rAt.Mature. Headquarter8~ 844 Drea:el BuiZding, the entire congregation. P/!..!ade!pl…a, P(t., PriQ~ Ii <'ent8.

Pianist strikes chord and soloist HOW TO MAKE DECORATIONS sings: EVERYLAND CHRISTMAS WREATHS: "THE WORLD CHILDREN FOR JESUS." Let your boys and girls make Christ- mas wreaths. Provide a quantity of (pp. 28 in Carols.) newspapers and several rolls of Den- nison two inch red crepe paper strips. At the words "The cu1l!lVing pa- Fold a sheet of newspaper double, poose," a North American Indian twist it to form a soft roll, and tie mother should enter with her baby on the ends together, overlapping them her back or in her arms. She takes so as to make a smooth joining, and place to right of American mother. keep the outline of a wreath. Wrap the wreath with about two yards of The chorus of children seated to red crepe paper and finish with a bow left sing the refrain after each verse. of paper at the top. In the center of the wreaths fasten pictures of babies At second verse an Eskimo mother or of mothers and babies of various and baby enter or a small Eskimo mission lands. child may enter alone and stand to left. AN EVERYIuND CHRISTMAS TREE: Du.r'ing the third verse a Japanese (See December REVIEW, 1920.) mother and child enter, or several mothers and children, and stand to right.

At the fourth verse a real Negro CHRISTMAS SHOPPING LISTS: mother and baby should enter. FOR Boys AND GIRLS: Everyland, At the last verse many children of suitable for other peoples' children as China, Kurea, and India and other weII as your own. Give it to chillands enter and stand to either side. dren's homes, and to public libraries. American mother clasps bablj in her arms. Other mothers stretch out FOR YOUR PASTOR: The Missionary hands in appeal. Review of the World. Just the thing also for officers and leaders of mis- Chorus of Children sing: sionary societies, superintendents of Sunday-schools, and church officers. "LUTHER'S CRADLE HYMN." Why not send it to every pastor in your synod, or conference or district V (pp. 52 in Carols.) FOR 'rHE CHILDREN: Missionary They may add these words: Books. "The Wonderland of India," the "Magic Box," "Livingstone the "Away 0 'er the ocean in lands far away, Pathfinder." Your mission head- The children are waiting for Jesus quarters will help you make other today. wise selections.

0, tell them the story that they too may FOR MANY FRIENDS: Christmas know missionary leaflets, attractively dec- orated in red and green. Their mes- The little Lord Jesus who loves chilo sages far surpass the usual Christmas dren so." eard. Women's Boards have these ready for mailing. Missionary books. If preferred, one very small child or .~everal small children dressed in white may come to the front and sing: "LUTHER'S' CRADLE HYMN."

A.~ mothers and babies gO' out a THE STUDY OF INDIA soloist sings one verse of A YEAR'S MISSIONARY EDUCATIONAL 't II ALL THE CHILDREN OJ!' THE WORLD. ' PROGRAM Chorus sings the refrain. By John Clark Archer, Department of M'issions, Yale University tPublisliea by Literature Headquarter8, 844 The various parish interests might Dr"",./. Bldg., PIliZa4eZpllia, Pa. Price 'Witll mUBic.I 6 cent8. be provided for by a program organ-

ized under four main heads. Some- ary data may be made impressive. thing effective could be done under This is done frequently with the each, even though an elaborate scheme younger pupils. Why not with the might be impossible or inexpedient. older members as well Y The class at In any case the aims might be stated Yale testifies to the great value of -and kept in mind-as: this method for adults. It may be made as sober and as interesting a 1. Knowledge of India in general and in proceeding as the discussion of engine particular, of peoples, customs, religions, etc. charts is to a mechanic. There is room for clay maps, models of houses, 2. Propel' attitudes toward the same, based upon understanding, sympathetic insight, shrines, etc., etc. An. Indian Village etc. Exhibit (including accurate interiors of houses) might be made from photos 3. Substantial cooperation in various ways and descriptions found in Padfield's, with India, especially with the Christian "The Hindu at Home, " in Lal Behari Church in India. Day's, "Bengal Peasant Life," in Z. iF. Griffin's, "India and Life in Ben- The four main heads might be: gal," in B. N. Harband's, "The Pen 1. The Bible School (individuals, classes, of Brahma," in John Finnemore's, departments, and the school as a whole). "Peeps at. India," in J. B. Pandian's, 2. Missions Institute at an appropriate "Indian Village Folk," and in Pentime, and for a due season. nell's, "Things Seen in North India." 3. Lectures and Addresses, regular and occasional. To do this and other similar things 4. DJ'amatics, Pageantry, Exhibit. well requires not only skill but un- derstanding. Both may be a.cquired. First, as to the School. This is The latter must come from study, and rightly the center of the program. that is a big item in the year's pro- Certain provision is doubtless already gram-to study India through handmade for t.he study of missions during work. Hand and head work together! the year. Substit.ution of things Of what material and in what shape Indian might be made instead. Sug- is the roof of a humble Indian house gestions regarding the possibilities made Y What is the general appearmay be found in "Archer's Parish ance of the Hindu temple ~ How does Program," (p. 9ff). It is the teacher the Indian dress T Of what does upon whom reliance is placed. Again Hindu worship consist 1 To find out the teacher! He has to bear so much; these things may be to understand far why add more! It may be said- larger considerations. In each infrom experience and observation- stance above, there are many sorts. that the teacher will respond to an op- India is a vast and varied land! portunity of doing his work in a new and fresh way, especially since the Maps are good for their own sakes way is a means of his acquiring a new and for other things as welL It may fund of knowledge. He has been so be well to use a topographical map accustomed to give out, without get· not only for the sake of showing altiting in any considerable measure. tudes, ~ivers, etc., but for the sake of showing, for example, the route of a Ask the teachers to do a little pre- pilgrim from Madura to Benares. Or liminary reading with reference to the maybe you are telling the story found lessons they are to teach during the in Badley's India, (p. 87ff). A railyear. They will be able to prime them- road map will show the journey in selves for the application of Indian detail from Bombay to some interior materials to the lessons. That is, point of interest, indicating the scenthey will keep note of particular ma- ery, peoples, etc., along the way. All terials by which various lessons can be of which would eome only from careillustrated and amplified, and week ful and rewarding study. by week, during the year they can . From your Boards and from the handle Indian matter along with the Missionary Education Movement (150 Biblical.

More can be made of the project method than has usually been done. Pupils can be enlisted in the construction of objects by which the mission-

Fifth Ave., New York) you may rent to be built T Study will afford real or otherwise secure dramatic materi. education in connection with the als, lantern slides, pictures, costumes, work. Will costumes be made and maps, charts, etc., etc. worn Y It is no small task to differen- Make good use of fiction. Many tiate costumes and to have those who people will be thus enlisted who would wear them play the part, be it of the turn from other opportunities. mountains or the plain, north India 2. As for the second main center or south, raja or agriculturist.

of the program, the Mis3ions Institute, The exhibit materials constructed it may be sufficient to refer to, The during the year can be used and addi- Study of India, Suggestions by J. C. tional materials may be rented from Archer, based upon Dr. Fleming's the M. E. M. or procured from the "Building with India," although it mission boards. Stories and descrip- treats of the mission-study class only, tions can be woven round the articles and not of the Institute as a whole. which will thereby live in the imagi- If an Institute were held there might nation. What a chance to construct an be various classes on India, or India Indian plow, using materials from be merely one of the topics of study Higginbottom, or from Price's" An- during the time. There should be an cient Peoples at New Tasks." The Institute at some time during the hand loom, too, is an illustration of year, a Ohurch School of Missions ancient village economy to which with all its essential features, such as Gandhi and many others would have classes, illustrated lectures, devotional India return today. There are end- periods, etc. It may be possible to less possibilities.

carry on with home talent entirely, Musical features might be added although outside help, if available, through phonograph records, or from might be advisable. Make it a com- Mrs. Nason's "Oriental Melodies"

munity affair, interdenominational, if (Silver, Burdett & Co., N. Y. City).

possible. Rice and curry, if properly made, 3. The third group includes the would make a great hit. Ask direc- sermons, children's sermons, occa- tions from a reliable missionary or sional addresses and lectures, book Indian. There is opportunity for an reviews, biographical sketches, etc. A exposition of the life of the child, of consistent series of such can be easily woman, of the farmer, the village arranged and carried out. Addresses artisan, and others. Characters in on various religions in India might be costume could give the monologues.

given; or various phases of the prog- With sufficient scenic effects, cos- ress of Christianity in India. Avoid tumes, drama, story, pantomime, covering too much in anyone address. games, etc., these days could be made Use vivid details in every case and tremendously valuable for education, confine them within vivid bounds. cultivation of interest, and sociability, Material can be found in the books -a grand parish occasion with which referred to already, which could be to close the year.

treated under such topics as The Booths might be as follows: Vil- Indian Christian, The Missionary lage headman's house (the front wall, School, Village Ilife, Some Native with door, platform, etc., and suffi- Rulers of India, The Pilgrim to the cient interior for the use of exhibit Ganges, etc., etc. materials) .

4. The fourth division has to do Village temple (in the style of the with the closing of the work of the section of India in which your deyear. The Pageant can be made to nomina~ion works, with objects of enlist many workers who will study worship, etc.).

in connection with the tasks assigned A merchant's shop in a bazaar to them. Is a play to be given? The street (with various wares for sale or aetors will acclimate themselves display, laces, etc.).

through careful reading. Are booths Dispensary or hospital scene, etc.

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY, BEVERLY, MASS.

DOLLAR DAY-DECEMBER 9, 1922 add the million to their budgets.

WOMEN'S UNION CHRISTIAN COLLEGES The only way left, therefore, is for IN THE ORIENT us all to work together and very quickly and before January first to Dollar Day get the million in thousands of small MAKE IT gifts through a community campaign. The Boards are sending the word to A Million Dollar Day all their auxiliaries: "Cooperate in Dolilar Day." State committees are THE LAURA SPELMAN ROCKEFELLER.

MEMORIAL sending out collectors' cards and will make it leaflets. It is a very simple plan. One hundred thousand women, repre- A Million Five Hundred Thousand senting the local auxiliaries of all Dollar Day denominations, can collect ten dollars We still lack a million dollars of each, in one dollar gifts, in one day.

the two millions· needed to elaim the Will ymt help? If you can do no million promised conditionally by more, send for the cards, put them the Trustees of the Laura Spelman into the hands of men and women Rockefeller Memorial. We must work in your town, and secure the dollars.

quickly as the time expires January, Many can and will give more; all 1923. The Committee representing can give at least a dollar, and some ten of the leading denominational will take the cards and collect. There boards has decided to observe De- are unlighted candles on the coupon .cember 9th as Dollar Day. Collectors' receipts. The collector tips in the cards and literature are ready. Since flame of one candle for each dollar.

so many of our churches have been Five dollars will light all the candles unable to include this call in their on one coupon so if all ten coupons budgets, the collection will be in the are lighted it will mean fifty dollars.

community instead of in the churches. If one on each coupon, it will mean What is Needed! ten dollars. The plan is to district your town, assemble the collectors, First, a realization of what it will give them the 'cards and clear in- mean if we fail. No Board and no structions and send them out for the city has met its quota. The Boards amount needed. God can make this have underwritten only one quarter possible only as you give yourselves of the two millions and have paid to Him for this service.

only half of that! We have secured Publioity Plans through individual gifts and pledges, including what has been given We furnish through state commit- through Boards, one million dollars tees, boards or our national head- -half our goal. We have only three quarters, 300 Ford Building, Boston, alternatives: Mass., telling items for your local 1. To raise the money in small amounts. papers; a wonderful story by Caro- 2. To stop the buildings. line Atwater Mason to be used in 3. To apportion the deficit to the Boards. your religious papers or local press.

It is incredible that the women of A strong publicity committee will be our churches and colleges will allow needed in every town to get this ma- the order "Stop the work" to go to terial before the public the week pre- thOse women over there. The Mission ceding Dollar Day, December 9th.

Boards say that it is impossible to Radio addresses by Dr. Ida Scudder 985

and others will go out Sunday, De- speeches were made in Chinese and cember 3rd. We hope the PatM films English, took part in Commencement will include our campaign. Church itself and saw the beauties as well calendars will give notices and we the inconveniences of the old house hope that every pastor will emphasize where they are now living. I visited the great importance of training the new campus where five buildings Christian leaders for India, China, are well under way, and later .spent and Japan through these colleges. some weeks with the president, Mrs. Let pastors and others pray for the Thurston, in the mountains. I wish colleges and for those who are hold- every woman who is interested. in ing them. We ask for no church col- these colleges could have heard her, lections but for a community effort the first night I was there, talk about on the same plan as the Red Cross or her deep interest in the spiritual conthe Near East Relief to secure gifts dition of the girls, her longing to from individuals, men and women. have them Christians, and could have There is no denominational tag to listened to the stories which she told these dollars. Women's clubs and of some who last year confessed Christ college women are helping chur.ch at great personal sacrifice. women to accomplish the task. Do not wait for the draft-Volunteer! Next I visited Yenching College in It can be done. Will you do it- Peking. It is housed in a much older "in His name T" Chinese mansion and one that is just about as fascinating as Ginling's. I A VISIT TO WOMEN'S UNION was there before college opened and so could not meet the girls, but I had CHRISTIAN COLLEGES au interesting talk with its new presi~ dent, Mrs. Frame, and saw Miss By MARGARET E. HODGE, NEW YORK Sailer, the Presbyterian representa- tive on the faculty, who is intensely President of the Woman '8 Board of Foreign interested in the possibilities of Missions of the Presbyterian Chureh in the Christian service there. The Welles- ley representative, who is a Presby- U. S. A. terian girl, is filled with the possi- bilities of reflex influence and said I am jnst back from a trip to the to me, "I believe Yenching wiH do Orient where I saw four of the seven more for WeHesley than. WeIlesley Women's Union Christian Colleges. can do for Yenching." She believes that it will foster a personal interest I landed at Tokyo a few days after in mission work more than anything the first Commencement of the else can do in the girls of its Rister Women's Christian College there, but the new term had begun and I saw college. the fine group of girls gathered in Finally I visited the North China their temporary inconvenient buildings and had an opportunity given Medical School. As its final location me by the Dean, Miss Yasui, to speak has not yet been settled, it has been to them. Afterwards I visited the impossible to do any actual building. beautiful new campus with its view The girls are working in different of Fujiyama and plenty of room for parts of Pekin~. Some equipment buildings, athletic field and future has been brought from the gifts of growth, and when I was coming home the Campaign and plans are under I saw pictures of the buildings actually beg-un. They hope to use some way for definite advance work as of them next spring and to be fully moved out to the new buildings by the soon as the location has been decided fall of 1923. upon.

I visited Ginling College in Nan- I came back feeling more than ever king, China, at Commencement time. that we must maintain and strengthen I saw the girls with their Commencement festivities, their earnest atten- these colleges 130 as to deveilop the tion on baccalaureate Sunday, at- strongest kind of Christian leadertended the fine alumnre dinner where ship.

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK AMONG FARM AND CANNERY munities, two at canneries in the MIGRANTS country and two at canneries in th~ The interdenominational service center of towns, various conditions rendered to the migrant groups of could be studied and valuable data women and children in canneries: and collected.

on truck farms has now been con- Twenty workers served at the sta- ducted for three summers. Ten tiona, for the most part undergrad- women's boards financially cooper- uate college girls who were experi- ated in this year's work, the Council enced in either day nursery or play- of Women for Home Missions pro- ground work, or domestic science.

viding office space and Executive The transformations wrought by Supervisor. Committees in the local these girls were simply marvelous communities cooperate both in moral considering the short space of time support and in pToviding supplies the stations could be open-only the and, in some cases, means of trans- canning season. To bring a group portation for the children. of neglected children into a state of Interest was manifested at many of good discipline, to teach manners, the Summer Schools of Missions, one morals, personal hygiene, games and having devoted a special! collection handcraft, sewing, preparation of to the work. An increasing number simple meals, songs, and chapters of Vomen's Church and Missionary from the Bible in eight weeks is no Federations realized the opportunity small task. Those who visited the this interdenominational work affords stations who had had experience in and a considerable number divided similar work said the finished product the offerings taken at meetings of the was almost unbelievable.

Day of Prayer for Missions last Without cooperation on the part March, giving half to foreign mission of cannery owners this work would, objects and half to this work among of course, not be possible. Whole farm and cannery migrants. The heartedly the owners enter into the work has also been selected as the project. The owner at Bel Air built object for gifts from college girls and a pavilion at his Hickory cannery it will be presented to a number of costing $500 for our work the first colleges this winter. year, enlarged it the next year, and Six stations were maintained this installed shower baths this year, be- past summer averaging eight and a sides building a pavilion at his Vale half weeks per station, a total of cannery.· But greater than money fifty-one weeks. Three of these were outlay is his interest and the owner at in new locations: Hurlock, Md., Vale each of the canneries where we have Cannery, Bel Air, Md., and Stewarts- had stations has manifested a similar town, Pa. The last named remained interest. The only limit to the work open until the middle of October. At is set by the budget. With two hun- Riverton,N. J., where this work was dred fourteen canneries in one county carried on in 1920 the station was in :!I1aryland, alone, and thousands open again this year. Here and at the country over, there is no limit to Dover, Delaware, Italian truck farm- the number that could be servl?d.

ing communities were served, while More than one hundred college girls the three stations in Maryland were applied for positions this summer; at canneries employing Polish people, but funds permitted six stations only, and the Stewartstown station at a and three girls is the usual number cannery employing Lithuanians. As at a station. There are plenty to go two stations were in farming com- and serve; who will givet 981

A CHRISTIAN CODE FOR THE CITY Community Goals for '1Ioys From a pamphlet prepared by a subcommittee Every community ought to provide, of the Home Missions Council and the Council either directly through the municiof Women for Borns MIssions, William P. pality, or through its homes, churches Shriver, chairman. – and semi-public agencies, at least the following for its boys between twelve A group of executives representing and eighteen years of age: denominational Home Mission societies, the Home Missions Council, the 1. Every father should strive to be a com· Council of Women for Home Mis- rade to his boy, intelligent about his boy sions, the Young Men's Christian As- and sympathetic with him.

sociation, the Young Women's Chris- 2. Education, cultural and vocational, tian Association, and the Commission suited as nearly as possible to the individual on Social Service of the Federa'l interests and capacities of each boy. He Council of the Churches of Christ in should be encouraged and aided to attend America set themselves the task of full· time school as long as it seems to be outlining the Christian aims and ob- to his and society's actual advantage. jectives for a Clity, in the terms of the needs of its boys and girls, its 3. Help in the all important question of young people, its foreign-born neigh- choosing his life work. Knowledge of the bors and other classes, and of the field of vocations and knowledge of himself, city as a whole. It was the hope of with all that the best modern vocational guidance can offer in scieutific method and the group that their :effdrt would friendly counsel. inspire local communities to do more, both in the definition of goals, and in 4. Opportunity for games and athletics the praCltiCle of Christian service. under such auspices as shall relieve boys of the more pernicious influences surround- The method followed is described ing sport. There should be a baseball field for the sake of the suggestion it may within a mile of every boy's home, and convey to other groups in local com- teams enough in baseball, basket ball, and munities. After a preliminary con- other hardy sports, so that boys of moderate abilities can flnd places on them. ference, the specific topics were assigned to individuals, or to a group of 5. Inasmuch as camping, swimming and such boyhood experiences hold a large place individua'ls who had had special ex- in the life of the boy, the commuuity .hould perience in the given field. The provide places for camping and a chance statements submitted were then circu- to learn to swim either iu natural or arti· lated among all members of the larger ficially constructed swimming places. group, and later a round-table dis- Clussion was held; each statement was 6. Religious education and leadership read, criticized, and, with suggestions, adapted to different stages of his develop· was returned to the writer. The re- ment, including courses of instruction and vised statement was similarly circu- attention to his devotional life, together lated and submitted to another dis- with opportunities for service….. It should present an ideal, give motive power through cussion by the entire group. contact with Christ, and provide a well· rounded program of activity. Perhaps there was not sufficient deliberation to warrant these outlines 7. An understanding and appreciation of bein" offered as the matured opinion home life-first, through a generous and of all. The group, however, is suffi- high-minded attitude towards his present ciently united to justify it in giving home, and help in developing plans and these brief and preliminary state- ideals fol' a home of his own some day. ments to the public, in the hope that The boy should also have helpful instruc· groups in local city communities will tion about sex matters, E!Uch a8 will inspire him to strive for a clean and vigorous undertake a survey of their own manhood, including the concept of a single needs, and will formulate some such standard of morals. aims or objectives as a guide to com- I munity organization and action. In 8. Abundant and happy social life, free from the evident dangers thereof, a chaMe a local city community these aims no for varied association with other boys, and doubt must become more concrete. the opportunity to mingle with girls, on the basis of an understanding comradeship.

9. An economic situation wherein boys, parents and employers will reeognize that childhood and youth represent the time of growth and development, and that what- ever agency touches youth for any purpose of gain, owes it to the community to see.

WOMAN'S ROME MISSION BULLETIN

that the boy's best possibilities are not the place of a wife and mother, ill a way ruined in his early work experience. that will help her to either or both with a 10. Instruction and encouragement in the true sense of vocation. matter of thrift, both of time, money and other treasures of life. It is desirable for 7. Every girl should have a chance to every boy to have a bank account in his develop thrift, a chance to discover the own name. value of good things, like time, health, and material possessions, and to use this knowl- 11. The best sympathetio and scientifio edge in everyday choices. attention, whenever it is found that a boy has taken wrong steps, when he has come in 8. Every girl should have a chance to conflict with the law, or is in danger of enjoy her :right to wholesome reereation, to doing so. have' opportunity at team play, dramatic 12. Constant contact with the church and expression, a hobby, the out-of-doors n(ahtiukreasll the church SCllool oJ; his choice. nature study, camping, ete.), and a 13. The oppmtunity to belong to an or- comradeship with boys and girls. ganization of boys either inside or outside the church, an organization which has a 9. Every glrl should have guidance toward character-building baSis, through which he will experience the functions of self-govern- such a discovery of God in the experience ment and democracy. of the past, in her own life, and in the 14. A chance to face the social implication lives of others as shall give to her a sense of a Christian civilization, an understanding of the group problems of our national life of reality in religion and motive power and international relationships, together for character and service_ with some help in comprehending a boy's relation to his own community. 10. Every church should have a program adapted to the needs of the growing girls Community Goalll for Girls who are a group in its membership.

Simillarly for the girls of a com- The full pamphlet may be procured for 10 munity and with their cooperation cents, $6.00 a hundred from Committee on CltleEt. the following should be provided: Room 1117, 156 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y.

1. Every girl should have the experience ALL OF US of friendship with mature purposeful men and women, such as comes most naturally in We sit in a little mist of days, relationships to father and mother, to 'Neath the gloom of a cloudy sky, teachers, pastors, club leaders, and older women. And some one whispers and some one prays For the shadows to flutter by. 2. Every girl should be equipped through her home life for the understanding and And we toil and mend and play our part, meeting of the unfolding experiences of her And worry and fret and Dloanown life and the responsibilities of a home maker. And that's because in the human heart We think too much of our own. 3. Every girl should have the opportunity to share in group action, under direction, We think too much of our own content, working toward ends that are socially con- Of the kind of pleasure that suits; structive in school, church, community and world. Of the kind of weather that's over us bent, And our share of life's fruits; 4. Since education is a continuous process of growth, every girl should have the op- Of our aches and pains and grief and glee, portunity through adequate vocational in- Our comfort and fame and prideformation and guidance (a) to complete a high school course adapted to her needs, And the I and You and the great big Me (b) to continue her education in those ways Are the stakes to which we're tied. which best meet her desires, abilities and needs. If we were broader, as fellow-men, We'd smile and we'd sing together, 5. Every employer of girls (including mothers) should feel an active responsibility Comrades of life in the world again for maintaining those conditions which make In every condition of weather. for the health, happiness and advancement of the girls working in office, shop, store And instead of a little mist of days or home, and which will mako it possible This earth would swim with shining, to expect each girl to Bee her wo.rk as an active sharing in other peoples' lives and an And lift its voice in a shout of praise opportunity to express herself happily. Instead of a wail and whining.

6. Every girl should learn to think of -FoZgerM'Kinsey. herself as becoming a creative worker, whether in business and p;rofession, or in If solid happiness we prize, Within our breast this jewel lies, And they are fools that roam_ This. world has nothing to bestow,- From our own selves our joy must flow, And peace beglns at home. It's no' in books, it's no' in lear, To Dla~e us truly blest; If happiness has not her seat And center in the breast, We may be wise, or rich or great, But never can be blest.

-Bobert Burns.

FROM MANY

The Can to Prayer proval to the drafts of the" B" Man- FOLLOWING the call to the dates, subject to slight textual modi- World's ~eek of Prayer, Jan. fications. On the representation of 7-13, 1923, Issued by the World's the Government of the United States Evangelical Alliance (quoted in the of America the British" B" Mandate November REVIEW,) the Federal has been modified so as to give mis- Council of Churches of Christ in sionaries greater liberty than was ac- America has sent out a supplementary corded in the original draft. The call to thanksgiving and prayer. words: "Subject to the provision of "There are many things for which any local law for the maintenance of the Church may be grateful as we public order and morals," with which cross the threshold of another year. the draft article on religious free- Last year witnessed the largest nu- dom anodmmittiesdsi,onaasryawlsoorkhbaevgean~ohradvse been merical ingathering of the Church in which limited the right of missionthis country. Religious education is aries to teernrtietroriyntoo,nltyrav"efl~ranthderepsuidrereceiving incfirneaansceidalattebnutriodne~,andthine in the spite of pose of prosecuting their calling." churches are raising great sums of The article now runs:- money for missionary and philan- "The mandatory shall ensure in thropic work. In spite of social and the territory complete freedom of political anxieties. a Christian mind conscience and the free exercise of all cannot fail to notice signs which re- forms of worship which are consofresh our weariness and quicken our nant with public order and morality. yigil~nce ….. The craving for peace Missionaries who are nationals of IS wIdespread; but the difficulty of States members of the League of Nasecuring it by the methods of the past tions shall be free to enter the terriis driving the nations back on the tory and to atrnadveploasnsedssrepsirdoepethrteyr,eitn~ spiritual way of trust and good will, to acquire which is the method of our Lord . . . . erect religious buildings, and to open The world is yearning for the spirit schools throughout the territories it of fellowship which only the Church being understood, however, that the of Christ can create and foster. Men mandatory shall have the right to are looking to us for a Christianity exercise such control as may be neces- united enough to dissolve their baf- sary for the maintenance of public tling differences, and for a loyalty de- order and good government and to voted enough to mirror the glory of take all measures required for such the Lord. How shall we face this call control. "

for light from a despairing world Y Two things it demands of us. It de- World Conference for Boys mands a new perseverance in exploring the way of unity and capturing T HE importance of Christian work its spirit by a new loyalty to Christ. among boys has never been more And it demands a new perseverance stressed than it is today. To proin prayer, both as a means of personal mote this work a world conference of union with God and as a task for the Y. M. C. A. workers with boys is Kingdom." called to meet in Portschach Am See, Austria, May 30 to June 30, 1923.

Missionaries and Mandates About 600 delegates are expected, T HE Church Missionary Review, representing fifty or more countries. states that the Council of the The conference is being promoted by League of Nations has given its ap- the International Committee of Young 990 Men's ChrIstIan Associations. It will taming and developing twenty-four not be a delegated body, but men from branch Sunday-schools and churchas. all nations interested in Y. M. C. A. To meet the requirements of this amwork for boys are invited. bitious undertaking in home missions in the suburban sections of Seattle l!i'ORTH AMERICA and new communities of outlying dis- tricts, the church has expended $40,- 3udaisDl Decadent in New York 000 during the past year in the erec- tion of new buildings. This includes T HE decline of Judaism in the a beautiful brick structure costing United States, particularly in New $15,000 for the Chinese and Japanese. York City, is causing the greatest The preaching services in the anxiety to devout Jews. Though it branches are handled by the assistant held its people in the ghettos of pastors, by elders who are especially Europe, it is going down before the gifted in public discourse and by sturushing life of modern New York. dents for the ministry among the membership of the church. The as- The most liberal estimate of the sistant pastors meet many appointnumber of synagogue sittings for the ments each sabbath. 1,750,000 Jews in Greater New York is 175,000. Less than 40,000 of these -The Continent. are in synagogues where the services are held in English. The younger For Protestant IDlmigrants generation is not gripped at all by the services in the foreign language I T was stated in the November synagogues. They do not know what REVIEW that plans are being conit is all about. Their parents are un- sidered for more effective work among able to explain the religious teachings Protestant immigrants. of Judaism, and the young people, for the most part, are adrift and are The New Americans Committee of going on the rocks of atheistic radical- the Home Missions Council and the ism or a less vociferous but equally Council of Women for Home Missions deadly materialism. A colporteur has now approved two objectives of reported recently that he visited a work with immigrants at Ellis Island Jewish home of the average type and and the follow-up of Protestant imasked what they knew of Abraham, migrants at their destination: first, Isaac and Jacob. The school boy in to render friendly aid to immigrants the home said, "Everybody knows while entering the country, traveling about Abraham, that great President to their destination, and adjusting of the United States-Abraham Lin- themselves to their new American coln. " On Isaac they had no informa- environment, and second to give tion to offer. The father, however, traveling and detained immigrants knew all about Jacob–"Jacob Schiff, the solace of their own accustomed the great Jewish banker and philan- religion, and after they have reached thropist. "-Hebrew Christian Alli- their new community to bring them ance Quarterly. in touch with their own church, or such as each may choose. New Type of Church Extension Through the generosity and inter- I N the enlarged program adopted est of one of the organizations limit- within the past year by the First ed funds have been made available to Presbyterian Church of Seattle, its initiate this work under the auspices missions in the city are recognized as of the Councils along the following branches and consequently entitled to lines; (1) Inventory of available reall the privileges and advantages of sources of Protestant churches and the mother church. With an execu- organizations throughout the country tive force of a pastor, sixty elders, for the following-up of immigrants. four assistant pastors, and one trained (2) Enlistment of these resources for deaconess, the main church is main- this work. (3) Establishment of a

clearing.lLOuse for receiving and re- built, Mohammed Karoub, the donor, ferring names of immigrants to local brought to Detroit from India Mufti Protestant forces. Sadiq, a representative of the Ahma- diya movement, which claims to be' a First Church in Prison reformed Islam. While the mufti emphasized that Mohammed is the T WO years ago Rev. Dr. L. O. great prophet and the Koran the law, Bricker, pastor of First Christian he taught that Ahmed of Qadian is Church in Atlanta, Ga., brought be- the promised Messiah, Mahdi and fore the churches of that city the Holy Reformer of this day. The Mospiritual needs of the 2,500 men in hammedans in Detroit preferred the the Federal prison, and an interde- orthodox doctrine, and the mufti soon nominational commission was formed left for Chicago to continue his misto work for the prisoners. A Bible sionary work. With his departure class, conducted by a layman, soon the attendance at the mosque services grew from six members to an enroll- fell off until hardly anyone came ment of 150. One Sunday the leader either for special occasions or for invited these men to accept .(Jhrist as their daily devotions. The Detroit their Saviour, and twenty-three men city officials placed the building on stepped forward. Dr. Bricker made the tax assessment roll, holding that application to the department of jus- it. is "vacant property, not used for tice at Washington that these men be religious worship." allowed to go to his church for baptism. The unprecedented order was Protestant Teachers Unite given that the men be allowed this liberty, and they were transported to T HE statement is made by The the church in a truck with only one Christian Advocate that a Protguard. The new warden of the prison estant Teachers' Association has been was in hearty accord with the plan. incorporated in New York State for Only the officers of the church and the purpose of giving after-school the choir were present when the con- instruction. There are already five verts were baptized. They affixed thousand members of this association, their names to a document which con- ninety per cent of whom are trained stituted them the unique organization teachers. The aim of this organizaknown as "The First Christian tion is, through Bible instruction and Church in Prison." The next Sun- in other ways, after school hours, to day morning the men met in prison promote the moral and religious welto celebrate the Lord's Supper and fare of the Protestant children of to choose from their number New York City.. This movement has elders and deacons of the infant had its conception in the metropolis, church. Twenty-six more men came and claims the endorsement of repreforward that morning to confess sentative citizens, including leaders of Christ and the young church now the Roman Church. has forty-nine members. The church is nonsectarian in basis and men from Commander Booth on Prohibition various communions have joined. CONTRASTED with the state- -Christian Century. ments–easiIy recognizable as "wet" propaganda-which attribute Michigan Mosque Abandoned to Prohibition all sorts of evils, the statement by Commander Evangeline T HE dedication in June, 1921, of Booth is of especial value, for no a Mohammedan mosque in De- organization has had more opportroit, Michigan, at a cost of $50,000, tunity to realize the effects of the was reported in the REVIEW. The drink traffic than has had the Salvabuilding has been used so little that tion Army. In an article in the War it is to be torn down or used for some Cry, Miss Booth says that the Army's other purpose. After the mosque was

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social secretaries report that drunk- Conventions and the sohool of meth- enness among the men frequenting ods feature are the development of the Army hotels and Industrial Homes the work of Negro Sabbath-school has almost entirely disappeared, that missionaries throughout the South men who formerly could hardly sup- under the missionary department of port themselves from day to day now the Board of Publication and Sab- possess savings accounts. In one bath-school Work.

hotel twenty-five men, who before prohibition could muster only a dime Buddhiam in Amerioa among them, now have deposits rang- T HE extent of the present Buddhist ing from $100 to $500. propaganda in the United States is realized by few Christians, especi- Above all in importance are the ally in the East, for it is naturally benefits which she finds have accrued to the children. ' 'Better pre-natal strongest in the western states, where care for the mother, more food, im- the Oriental missionary is at work proved clothing, more money, and, among his own people. But groups above everything else, the absence of of Americans in various cities now inebriation's brutalities, are all in are studying Buddhism and spreadevidence, telling in the life's chances ing it among their friends, and its of these infants." influence is evident in much of the "new thought" teaching among mem- She concludes: "By the Constitu- bers of all denominations. At present tional Amendment of Prohibition a the Buddhist missionary movement measure has been enacted that will do more to bring the Kingdom of God has gained sufficient ground to warupon earth than any other single piece rant the organization in Kyoto, Japan, of legislation, for the rum demon is of an " Eastern Buddhist Society" the foundation and the bolsterer-up which has undertaken the pubiication of almost all evils. Therefore history of The Eastern Buddhist, a high-class for righteousness has been made, his-· and very readable magazine in the tory that will live, for activities have English language. An elaborate been set in motion for civic and na- ceremony, held in one of the Buddhist tional betterment that will never stop temples in Los Angeles to celebrate until all evil is dead." the birth of Buddha, was attended by Negro SundaY-School Conference. over 500 people, many of them Amer- icans. In their speeches, Americans MORE than four hundred Negro made the following statements: Presbyterian ministers, Sundayschool Superintendents and teachers, "Buddhism and Christianity had and representatives of missionary and much the same origin, yet compare young people's organizations attended the narrow, dogmatic, intolerant and the Sunday-sl}hool Conventions of the even barbaric attitude of Christianity three Negro Synods of Atlantic, Ca- with the splendid character and protawba and East Tennessee, during found teachings of the gentle Budd- August. These Conventions are the ha ! Look at the crime record of only training schools for the develop- Christians! You never hear of such ment of leadership among our Negro outrages among Orientals."

Presbyterian churches in all forms of service for the Christian nurture Indian Population A of the children and youth. Thirteen CCORDING to the recent United States Census, the Indian popucourses are offered, and certificates are awarded to those who do credit- lation of this country is put down at able class work. After a vesper serv- 242,959. Ten years ago it was ice popular evening meetings are held 265,883. This would indicate a deat which addresses are delivered by crease in a decade of 22,724. On the prominent ministers and educators of other hand the Indian Bureau of the the Negro race in America. These United States, Interior Department, 5

places the Indian population of 1920 Chicago, New York, Philadelphia and at 336,337. According to the Indian Boston.

Bureau, the Indian population for LATIN AMERICA the last thirty years has been slowly but steadily increasing. The discrep- Secretary Hughes in Brazil ancy between the Census Bureau and the regular Indian Bureau is to be SECRETARY HUGHES, while in accounted for largely by the fact that Brazil fur the Centennial Cele- Indians in the enumeration of 1910 bration, attended service in the Amerwere counted as whites in the census ican Union Church in Rio de Janeiro of 1920. This particularly applies and heard Dr. Webster E. Browning, Educational Secretary of the Comwhere only slight traces of Indian mittee on Cooperation in Latin Amerblood are in evidence. The larger ica, preach on the spiritual signififigures of the Indian Bureau are ob- cance of Pan Americanism. Diplotained by considering as Indians all matic and commercial relations do not make for such firm bonds of those who have even the slightest mix- friendship as do right spiritual relature of Indian blood. tions. Secretary Hughes received an- other proof of the influence of the -Presbyterian Magazine.

Orientals in America evangelical cause in Brazil when he ACCORDING to the "Directory of attended a reception given him by Oriental Missions," recently prepared by Dr. George W. Hinman of the well-known journalist, Jose Carlos San Francisco, and published by the Rodriguez, formerly the proprietor Home Missions Council, New York, of the largest daily paper in Rio de there are in the United States 61,639 Janeiro, who has been giving the last Chinese, 111,010 Japanese, 2,507 Hin- few years to the preparation of an dus and 1,224 Koreans. The majority introduction to the Bible. He is a of these are in California. This Di- strong believer in the evangelical rectory contains the following sum- cause and the power of the Bible in solving Brazil's problems.

mary of work conducted among these Brazilian Endeavorers Orientals by Protestant Mission ACONTINENTAL convention of Christian Endeavor was held in Boards. Rio de Janeiro in connection with the Centennial and delegates from vari- Mis· .Mem· WorTl!- ous countries of South America at- bers er8 Boa'fi1s Mons Chinese 16 67 3,012 163 Japanese .. 18 136 2,026 168 2 16 81 Koreans 1 tended. The Committee on Coopera- 1 tion in Latin America also arranged Hindus .•.• 1 Cireuit The total amount of property value an evangelioal conference in Rio is $1,760,000 and the annual cost is where plans were made for the en- $394,000, about one-third of which largement of Brazil's .chnrches, comes from the Orientals. Most of schools, hospitals and social institu- the paid workers are Christian tions. Rio de Janeiro is one of the Orientals. largest Protestant centers in the There is some evidence of over- Latin world. There are a hundred lapping, especially in San Francisco preaching centers there and one and Los Angeles. The former city chnrch of at least a thousand mem- has seven missions for Japanese and bers and a thousand in Sunday-school, fourteen for Chinese; the latter has with eighteen branch Sunday-schools thirteen missions for Japanese and and counting among its members four for Chinese. Other states in senators, bankers and merchants. which work for Orientals is conducted Cooperation is prominent in this are Oregon, Washington, Colorado, work. A central office for the Exec- Utah, Arizona, Nebraska, and, on a utive Secretary of the Committee on SlIlaller scale, in such large cities as Cooperation in Latin America, a

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union hospital, erected entirely by the New York, says: 'It is unthinkable Brazilian Church, a union theological that the New Testament should form seminary, a union 'literature program, the staple of any instruction imparted an interdenominational Sunday- to youthful and impressionable minds school secretary and a union church in the religion class of any synagogue, for English speaking people are regardless of its radicalism. When among the prominent evangelical in- such a contingeucy happens, we shall stitutions of Rio de Janeiro. have ceased to be Jews.' "

EUROPE A Mosque in Paris Religious Life in England T HE French friendship for Mo- hammedans, which has figured so AJJONDON correspondent of The prominently in recent happenings in Congregationalist writes that in the Near East, found a new expres- England: "A consciousness of a ris- sion in the ceremony October 18th of ing tide in religious activity has been laying in Paris the foundation stone felt … The revival movement along of the first Moslem mosque to be built the Eastern coast is not spectacular, in France. The scheme for its erec- but on quiet and healthy lines. All tion was projected and had govern- over England the churches of all de- mental approval some time ago and nominations are finding young people in the presence of representatives of more responsive than they have been Angora, Constantinople, Morocco, Al- for the last ten years. Another en- giers and Tunis, Marshal Lyautey, couraging sign is a reviving disposi- Governor General of the French col- tion on the part of the secular press onies in North Africa, laid the foun- to report religious activities and even dation stone. In his speech of dedi- publish notes on church life. The cation Marshal Lyautey said that most significant of these tendencies is France had gained double strength the engagement of Dr. J. H. Jowett, from her union with Islam, and to- by the London Daily Telegraph to gether they would pursue their course write a fortnightly column of Free "without violence, without destruc- Church notes." tion and without domination, but with order and respect for all legiti- The Gospel in a Synagogue mate national claims and for all na- tional territories, with tolerance for THE Sunday School Times states all beliefs and convictions, and with such they would be the prepondering 1 that "the introduction of the factor in the peace of the world."

teaching of the Gospel of St. Mark Celibacy and the Priesthood into the religion class at the Hamp- stead Synagogue, London, by Rabbi T HE Vatican is greatly perturbed, A. A. Green, has stirred the Jews of says the Jjondon Christian, by the England more than they have been publication by the Italian newspaper, stirred for many years. Rabbi Green Epoca, of the appeal made by certain stated that he had the countenance in of the Romish priesthood for relief part of the Chief Rabbi, which made from the obligation of celibacy. This matters worse. Many letters in the paper asserts that ·the petition has Jewish World and the Jewish Chron- recently been presented to the Pope; 1:cle revealed the fury of some Jews and has been signed, not only by and the liberal opinion of others. ordinary priests, but also by cardinals The whole question was referred to and bishops. The signatories say: the ecclesiastical authorities. Accord- "Moral purity, the high aim of the . ing to Rabbi Green, he would teach Church, must be reached through the the members of this class the New free working of human nature, not by Testament from the Jewish stand- coercion, nor by the imposition of point. But this is considered by many Jews as a dangerous proceeding. On this matter the Hebrew Standard,

laws against nature. The clergy Conditions in Rumania ended by ignoring the (Romish) law, T HE population of Rumania before and a wave of immorality swept over the war was about eight millions, the Church, spreading as far as the but with the increased territory is Pontifical throne itself. The name now over eighteen millions-of which of Alexander VI is enough in this con- twelve and a half millions belong to nection." The Vatican has sent for the Orthodox Church; about one and publication a statement to the effect a half millions are members of the that the question has frequently come United Church, 1. e. Rumanian Cathobefore the Pope, who has replied, lies; one million are Roman Catho- , ,several times, that the Roman lics; two million Protestants, i. e. Lu- therans, Germans, Calvinists, Hun- Church will never consent to modify garians, Unitarians; al~o one and a this essential point of ecclesiastical quarter millions Jews and about 150,- discipline. ' , Czecho-Slovak Church 000 Mohammedans in the Dobrudja, which was until recently under Bul- FROM the census of 1920 it is pos- garia. Before the law there is reli- sible to gain some accurate con- gious freedom for all sects. As in ception of the extent of the great other countries of Southeastern Eumovement away from Rome which rope, politics are all absorbing.

has been taking place in Czecho-Slo- The University of Bucarest was vakia. The figures from all but two founded in 1896 and has this year counties in Bohemia show, according 8,030 students-2,OOO more than in to "Kostnicke Jiskry," a Czech 1915. The University has five facul- Protestant weekly, that the number ties including law, medicine. science, of enrolled Roman Catholics decreased literary, theology. Since the univer- 1,111,343, compared with the figures sity authorities do not attempt to suof 1910. While thousands of these pervise rooming conditions outside of have be('ome Protestants, other thousands report themselves now as their own dormitories, moral condi- "without confession." Bishop Gorazd tions are appalling-especially among Pavlik, of the new Czecho-Slovak the medical students. There. are no Church, has recently been in this university literary societies or moral country, speaking in New York and or religious societies, but there are other cities and attending the Episco- several local groups banded together palian convention at Portland, Ore. for mutual help while they are not at He has addressed large audiences of the university, e. g. the Braila Club his own people and explained the (the name of a city on the lower Danaims and purpose of the new church ube). About one hundred students of the homeland. While the Czecho- are enrolled in the Y. M. C. A. and the Y. W. C. A., where they have the Slovak Church still employs the old privilege of reading and studying ceremonies-very similar to those of rooms under the best of conditions. the Roman Catholic Church-it con- About twenty-five students have been ducts them in the language of the attending Bible classes. people and also gives the Bible. In the last two years 125,000 Bibles have been distributed to the members of Changes in Greek Chureh F the church. Over 800,000 people REEDOM from state control has mad e possible revolutionary have joined it, and accessions are being received at the rate of 1,000 a changes in the methods of the Ortho- day. The leaders of the church are dox Church of the Orient. The lead- working hard for the separation of ers of the Church of England profess church and state, and are suffering to see in Russia changes analogous to much persecution from the Roman those which took place in England Catholics. four hundred years ago. The Ortho-

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dox Church will not abandon the admission of 30,000 Jews to oeeupy episcopate nor will" it change its creed, the country. Sir Herbert Samuel, .but under the leadership of Patriarch High Commissioner for Palestine Meletios the changes of method are contradicts the rumors and says; very striking. The latter professes to "The approvllil of the mandate will believe that when the changes are make no difference whatever in the complete the barriers to union with the Church of England and the present administration of the country, Church of Sweden will be removed, or in the laws relating to immigra- tion. It will, however, be followed if not indeed with the Protestant by the enactment of a constitution communions of. the west. which will provide for the establish- ment of a legislative assembly con- Split in the Russian Church taining a majority of members freely A RCHBISHOP Anthony, Metro- elected by the people. The drawing politan of Moscow, and member up of the list of voters will begin of the Supreme Church Administra- as soon as the constitution is promul- gated, and when that is completedtion, has ex-communicated the so- it mlL~t necessarily take some timecalled "Living Churah" members of the election will take place." the Greek Orthodox Church, a movement that was meeting the approval A letter sent on June 3d by the of Bolshevist authorities. This makes the second schism of the Greek Colonial Office to the Zionist organi- Church since enforced reformation began in Russia. Archbishop Anthony zation contained the following statenow h cad s the "Resurrection ment of policy; "When it is asked Church, " making three churches con- what is meant by the development of tending for the patronage of the the Jewish national home in Palestine, masses. The Living Church members it may be answered that it is not the broke away from the Greek Catholics imposition of a Jewish nationality and called the latter, which Patriarch upon the inhabitants as a whole, but Tikon heads, the "Dead Church." the further development of the exist- ing Jewish community, with the as- The Roman Catholic Church has sistance of .Tews in other parts of the not taken advantage of M. Tchitcher- world, in order that it may become in's agreement with Cardinm Signori a center in which the .Tewish people at the Genoa Conference, whereby the as a whole may take, on grounds of religion and race, an interest and Roman· Church is entitled to make pride."

Russia a field for conquest. However, the Polish churches in some Task of Near East Relief parts of Russia had begun conducting T HE number of refugees depend- Roman Catholic services in the Rus- ent upon American relief workers sian language for the first time, at- in the Near East may reach 800,000, tracting numerous converts. The says Charles V. Vickrey, General Government apparently approves of Secretary of the Near East Relief, the triple split church, which is ef- who has just returned from an infective today for with reformation spection trip in Transcaucasia and comes a weakening of opposition. elsewhere.

MOSLEM LANDS Cablegrams state that the Near The Future of the Holy Land East Relief, in the three weeks after the Smyrna disaster, sent more than FALSE rumors have been wide- $315,000 worth of supplies to the spread that the confirmation of the victims. Reports show that Smyrna Palestine mandate by the League of refugees at Athens number 20,000; Nations would be followed by Moslem at Saloniki, 40,000; at Mytilene, dispossession, the replacement of 60,000, and along the Thracian coast, British flags by Zionist flags and the about 80,000. Money for outside re-

lief needed to tide the unfortunates , 'God gave me a great desire to reach over the winter is estimated at from people by putting advertisements in $12,000,000 to $15,000,000. the Algerian papers, offering, free of cost, portions of the Bible to any AFRICA who felt the need of something for the good of their souls. The results have Sunday-schools in Egypt been astonishing and encouraging. From all corners of Algeria, and even SHEIK Metry S. Dewairy of Cairo, from Morocco and Tunisia, I get re- who is directing the work in quests, showing the need felt by hun- Egypt of the World's Sunday School dreds of people. All sorts and con- Association while Rev. Stephen van R. ditions of men are represented by Trowbridge is on furlough, writes: these letters: poor illiterate workmen, "A Bible woman volunteered to be- shop-keepers, officials of all sorts, gin a ragged Sunday-school in a doctors, lawyers, schoolmasters, officertain district of Cairo and the first cers, of all grades, and high officials Sunday she collected five and taught of the Government, professors and them a Bihle story and gave each a noblemen. ' , picture card. On the second Sunday twenty were present and in two Native Christians in Peril months, seventy was the average attendance. She had to hire a house T HE peril, spiritual as well as and secure more teachers to help her. physical, in which certain of the native Christians in Morocco are " A. teacher offered a Mohammedan standing, has led one of the missionboy of five a picture card. This he aries at work there, to send this earnrefused to accept, both on the first est appeal for prayer: and second Sunday. When he was asked why, he said he was afraid the "We should much value prayer for card would make him a Christian. our native Christians at this time. The teacher explained that the pic- Ten have been thrown into prison at turc itself had no such magic power – – – an inland town and are witand at last the boy accepted one. nessing boldly so far, but they are When he reaches home each Sunday being beaten and threatened with after the class, his father asks him death, whether released or kept there about the picture card and the boy in prison.. The adversary will entells the Bible story. deavor to put thoughts into their minds as to God's faithfulness and "Another leader who opened a similar subjects. They are babes in ragged school found that he had only Christ-their wives and children untwelve pupils and was unable to in- believers. Help us to pray them crease that number. A.t fast he di· through. Two have recanted.." vided the twelve into committees of two each and asked each committee Nyasaland Convention to bring in a new pupil. When he had eighteen, he sent them out in nine T HE annual Christians' convencommittees. Now he has forty stu· tions held at Nkate and Cholo, dents each Sunday." reports the Nyasa' industrial Mis- sion, were of exceptional interest, Newspaper "Ads" in Algeria and unusually well attended, espe- cially in view of the inconvenience and F OR the past three years Mr. H. S. hardship arising out of the famine Mayor, who went from Switzer. conditions which prevail more or less land to North Mrica on missionary throughout the Protectorate. It is reservice forty years ago, has been em· markable that in these circumstances ploying in Algeria with marked suc- such numbers could assemble. At cess the methods of newspaper evan- Cholo more than 1,100 were present gelism through the vernacular press at the Sunday morning service, and which have been so effective in Japan. As quoted in The Christioo he says:

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

about 600 attended that at Nkate. KAREN CHRISTIANS, 178,225 Following the latter, the people lined up with the teachers and missionaries Baptists ………………… 134,924 and marched to two adjoining vil- Roman Catholics…………. . 31,280 lages, singing hymns. Church of England ……….. 5,808 Methodists •……………… 82 Presbyterian …………….. 1~ African De:mand for Books BURMAN CHRISTIANS, 15,381 7,265 6,335 REV. HERBERT C. WITHEY, Baptists ………………… 1,293 Methodist missionary to Angola, Roman Catholics …………. Portuguese West Africa, has com- Church ()f England ……….. 434 pleted the translation of the NeW: Methodists . . • • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . Testament into the language of the Presbyterians •…………… 13 Lubole cannibals of the interior, and similar work is being done in the Hindu Appeal to Chrbtians Congo and Rhodesia …..When these people have learned to read they be- A T the annual convention of the come eager book buyers and the mis- Mar Thoma church, in South sion printing plants in Africa are kept India, which about 20,000 people atbusy turning out matter for them. tended, Mr. Madhawan, a leader of At Kambini, Portuguese East Africa, the Izhawa (Hindu) community, in three weeks the Methodist Press made an address, in which he avowed shipped 1,500 volumes ordered by his belief in Christ as a divine being native Christians from Inhambane, and a teacher of the purest and subnow working in the mines at Johan- limest truths, and appealed to Chrisnesburg. In Angola, the natives tians, as followers of so divine a have committed to memory prac- teacher, to help his community to tically everything produced in their raise themselves from their present language and are desirous of more degradation, especially in their effort and varied literature. to free themselves from the curse of drunkenness. He besought them to .An up-to-date method of language refuse henceforward to employ Izstudy that has been introduced by hawas to tap their coconut-trees. the missionaries is the use of dicta- Climbing the trees, extracting the phones in the jungles of Central palm-juice, and converting it into Africa as an aid in reducing the toddy, a highly intoxicating drink, various dialects to writing. are the hereditary occupations of Izhawas, while Christians are among -Missionary Voice. their chief employers, and derive no small gain from this source. His ap- INDIA peal was to Christians to be willing Census Figures from Bur:ma to forego this gain for the sake of the Izhawas, and to set them an example T HE seed sown by the early mis- by themselves ceasing to drink. sionaries is bearing fruit in Burma today as is evident from the follow- IA Christian College ing figures from the 1921 census. N his farewell address on leaving India in May, Rev. Dr. J. C. R. TOTAL POPULATION OF BURMA, 13,169,099 Ewing, Principal Emeritus of For- man Christian College in Lahore, ex- Buddhists ………………. . 11,210,943 pressed the fundamental principles Animists ……………….. . 702,587 which have controlled not only this Mohammedans …….•……. 500,592 notable institution but the whole en- Hindus ………..•………. 420,782 terprise of higher education under Christians ……………… . 257,107 missionary auspices, when he said: CHRISTIAN COMMUNITY, 257,107 , ,Our purpose as Christian men Baptists ………………… 160,655 (on the faculty) is to carry out this Roman Catholics …………. 72,715 great task (the study of the Bible), Church of England ••……… 19,636 Presbyterians …..•……•.•• 1,508 Methodists . • • •. . . •• •• • . . • • . • 1,424

which is not compuision but is a port all their clergy and a large numhumble presentation of God 's Word, ber of their lay workers. And this and the moment the conscience clause they do, many of them, out of great makes this impossible the doors of poverty. Another characteristic that the Forman Christian College will be marks the Santals is their evangelistic closed. We have not come here to zeal. They are great travelers, and give a godless education. Let there every Santal is said to be a missionbe no misunderstanding about this ary wherever he goes. that we want you to know Christ through the study of God 's Word. If A Self-m..de Man we stop here and say nothing about Him, we shall be in the wrong in do- S OME years ago a wild looking man ing so. If you say you would like to began coming to Dr. Mason's ofbe baptized we would be glad; but fice in the Garo Hills to gratify his unless God's spirit works upon your curiosity. He was observing and inheart and you accept Him as your telligent so that Dr. Mason began to Saviour, it is all of no avaiL" teach him the alphabet, first in the Bengali character and later in the A Bible Le..gue fo.. Indi.. Roman character. He continued to come each Saturday (market) morn- T HE Christian Patriot of Mad- ing. He bought books and took them ras, India, comments as follows home to study until he learned to on the formation of a Bible League for read. Then he started a school in his India, Burma, and Ceylon, which village. He showed his talent for a.nnounces as its object to maintain meahanics and was greatly interested the divine inspiration, authority, au- in a clock in the office. He insisted thenticity and truth of all the canon- upon buying a watch and when he ical books of the Holy Scriptures: injured it by wearing it in swimming "Nothing but spiritual good can come and lost some parts he manufactured of a movement which we hope is the required parts and made the meant not only for a statement that watch run and keep time. From that the Bible is of divine authority, but time he has been the watch and clock for the study of it. Apart from the repairer for this whole section of inspiration of the Bible; on which country, often making parts needed. different opinions are held by pious He also successfully repairs organs. as well as learned men, there is the He wears clothes now, even shoes and interpretation and valuation of it." stockings for comfort on stony roads. He still studies the Scriptures in his Among the S ..nt..ls own tongue and seems to be a Chris- tian at heart though some circum- MISSION work among the Santals, stances keep him from open confes- a race of aboriginal lowlanders sion. Pray for him. spread over a part of the Provinces of Bengal and Bihar, was begun by MRs. M. C. MASON. the Church Missionary Society about sixty years ago. It has met with a Teleg….ph Line to Tibet considerable measure of success, so much so that today self-support has F OR many years Tibet has been reached a high level, and, for their counted one of the most inaccesnumbers, the Santals will bear com- sible fields of Asia. Now a telegraph parison with any other Christian com- line has been opened, connecting munity in India; indeed, they put to Tibet with India, and the first messhame many congregations in Eng- sage sent over the new line was one land. Besides building and repairing from the Dalai Lama to the Viceroy their own churches, village school- of India, as follows: houses, and preachers' houses, they contribute nearly £500 yearly to sup- , 'On the oeeasion of eonneeting Lhassa with the outer world by telegraph, I tender felicitous greeting to His Majesty the King-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Empero.r, Your Excellency, and the' Political When told they are all gone, he does Officer of Sikkim. The 'l'ibetan Government not give up. He worms it out of one cordially thank the Indian Government for that there is a reserve stock of a hun~ their help in procuring material and the dred copies for the hundreds of thouloan of a skilled staff for constructing the sands of people that are still before line. We all fervently hope that the line us on the trip. The begging persists will serve to cement the permanent bond as long as we are there." of already existing friendship, between our countries and increase trade between us." CHINA The Viceroy replied in a like con- Influence of the Bible gratulatory vein. Those who have long been praying for an entrance for As in Europe the Bible in the the Gospel into Tibet will take heart vernacular, by Luther, Tyndaie from this news. While the recent and others first opened the door of tragedy of Dr. Shelton's death in learning to the people, so in China West China has emphasized the diffi- the missionaries have, by their verculties that await the messengers of nacular Bible and Christian hymns, the Cross in that land, telegraphic created a taste for learning. The communication is bound to help open European Renaissance is being reprothe country to missionary enterprise. duced in China today. The problem is complicated by the hundreds of SIAM dialects but the new spirit of national unity makes the appeal for a national Begging for Bible. language acceptable to multitudes.

R EFERENCE was made in the EDWARD H. SMITH, Ingtai, China. September REVIEW to the great evangelistic opportunities among the Xiao-Chau to be Restored Tai people in Indo-China which are being put before the Presbyterian JAPAN has decided to restore the missionaries and native Christians in leasehold of Kiao-Chau to China Siam. An account has now come of a on Dee. 2d. On that date Japanese two months' trip among the Tai troops will withdraw. Civil and milipeople along the Cambodia River, tary authority in the Kiao-Chau diswhich was made by Rev. Hugh Tay- trict will be handed over to China lor, accompanied by four of the Bible and the Chinese £lag will be hoisted Society colporteurs and evangelists for the first time since Germany acfrom his own field in Nan, Siam. He quired the territory in 1898. The says: fixing of a definite date for the restora- tion of Kiao-Chau was announced "I doubt if in any of the annals early in October by the Japanese of missionary work there has been members of the Shantung Commisrecorded a more eager earnest recep- sion, which was appointed to work out tion of the Word of God than we have the details of the evacuation as prohad since we crossed the border of vided in the treaty between Japan Siam until we recrossed it on our and China signed at Washington. return. I have gone to bed since Thus will end the international connights tired out with preaching, with troversy which began when Germany a hundred men, heathen men, below established a naval base twenty-four me on the ground repeating over to years ago, and which later figured in one another the story of the Cross the diplomatic affairs of Paris and and the way of salvation as they had Washington. heard it during the evenin/i:. And, oh, how they can beg for a copy of Restored by Prayer the Gospel of Luke or Matthew-the only ones we had-and which they WHEN the son of a wealthy had seen some one else have! It's Christian in Liu Chow, in souththe hardest thing in the world to re- ernmost China, was captured by fuse a man when he sits down on the brigands and held for ransom, the ground and 'wais' you, begging for a. book to learn the way of salvation.

father was in such despair that he through'the roof. At times the floors thought of consulting "witch doc- heaved like the chest of a huge giant tors." But the local Christians per- and fell away like waves, Water came suaded him to try prayer instead, and through everywhere. It seemed as he promised to give $400, the amount though we were about to be blown of the ransom demanded by the rob- from these hill tops into the bay. A bers, to the Lord's work if his son whole side of Pastor Tsu's house blew returned in safety. Each night a out clean, so that one looks in on his group of Christians met to pray for family upstairs and down. The old the release of the boy. The pirates boarding school buildings lie open to had him bound upon a ship, anchored the sky and the splendid Woman's out in the strait a long way from School almost the same. And the land, and kept him lashed to the mast Academy! All 350 students are due all night while they slept. After two back from their summer vacation in weeks, one night they left him un- six weeks, with :fifty prospective new bound but warned him that the next ones in addition. Yet not a roof reday would be his last. The boy then mains to cover their heads. The resolved on desperate measures. Theological Seminary and the Girls' Thinking it better to drown than to School roofs are gone, too. Repairs be shot by the pirates, he jumped on the' mission property will cost as into the water. His hand fell on to much as in the earthquake days of a rope. He pulled himself along it 1918." to its end and there was a little dory at his service. In this he made his Purity Campaign in Canton way to safety and stood before his father as the living answer to his T HE Church Missionary Review, prayer. Scarcely had the rejoicing commenting on the anti-Christian over the return of the son ceased, than movement in China, says that in Canthe father proposed that $300 might ton it was stirred up by the success do for his pledge. But the Christians of the purity campaign in that city. The Christian students canvassed the and elders got out the Bible and read merchants and shopkeepers, asking him the story of Ananias. The $400 them to paste up notices requesting pledge stood. Then the othpT Liu that all the licensed brothels should Chow Christians added small gifts be closed, and the number or refusals and large until the amount stood at was less than their best expectations. $2,000 pledged to build a Christian The next day, that on which a big chapel in Liu Chow. parade to protest against licensed prostitution was to be held, the first The Swatow Typhoon anti-Christian articles appeared in the daily press. In this instance the con- THE typhoon which destroyed nection of cause with effect was tOI' much property and hundreds of obvious to be missed by the people. lives in southeastern China last August is thus pictured by Rev. R. T. "Though the anti-Christian society Capen of the American Baptist Mis- has numerous adherents," says the sion: Re·view, "it is not supported by the majority of non-Christian students, "No roof on the whole compound and many of them are opposed to it left; pines, banyans, cotton trees, on the ground that its members are and bamboos choking every path; Bolshevists at heart, and are the enethese tell the story of the nerve-rack- mies of liberty of thought. The acing, all-night flight. At midnight the tivities of the anti·Christians give a roar of mounting gales and slamming new proof of the fact that the influblinds pulled us out of deepest, dazed ence of the Christian Church in China sleep to jump for the typhoon bars. is far greater than its numerical We reinforced the windows not a strength seems to warrant." minute too soon, for the trees were going and our chimney' smashed

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

A New Industrial Mi.slon pcoaur enntrtys .p r eUs enndtetrh etihredaguegishhtaerss,Ywstheem~ children of from seven to twelve, to T HE "Christian Herald Industrial the masters of geisha training houses. MisRions in China Inc." is an ex- These masters select the comeliest and pansion of an institution chartered brightest and those having a natural in 1910 as the Christian Herald Fu- musical talent and practically adopt kien Industrial Homes. Graham Pat- them. The parents enter into a conterson, publisher of the Christian tract that a girl shall remain with Herald, says that the new corporation her master and be subject to all his is "the response to a demand on the commands until such time as she has part of representative Chinese for the paid from her earnings as an enterestablishment of industrial education tainer all the cost of her education of boys and young men on modern in music, dancing, flower arrange- Western lines, including the six-day ment, ~olor matching,. deportment, week and the closest approach to the table etIquette and conversation. In eight-hour day Oriental conditions will permit. " An industrial school for the case which resulted in the court boys and girls, most of them orphans, decision a eighteen-year-old girl rehas been maintained since 1910, with fused to complete the seven-year cona directorate half native and half for- tract on which her parents had sold eign. her, and which spec~fied that, if she should leave the serVIce of her master "In all 'our extensive work in voluntarily before her term was up, China 'we have insisted that our efforts her parents should refund to him the must supplement those of the Chinese difference between the amount he had themselves; that China never would expended upon her and the amount take her rightful plaee in the world she had earned for him. The master of today unless her people were brought suit, but lost in both lower gtroavienrendmetont,seplhfi-lraenlitahnrcoepyinanidndeudsutcray~ and higher courts, the latter stating tion. In other words China must be that such a contract was "against equipped so that she 'can rely wholly morality and void." on herself. With this principle clear we frankly said to our Chinese frien<h A Promising Girls' School that we would cooperate with them I and provide the necessary foreign N Kokura, Japan, a school for personnel for enlarged industrial work girls was opened in April by the' if they would assume a financial bur- Southern Baptist Board. There were den commensurate with the size and 157 applicants for the first year class, importance of the work. They agreed only 96 of whom could be accommowith enthusiasm and we already have dated. All the full-time members of a~surance of generons yearly contribu- the faculty are earnest Christians hons from Chinese organization~ in and have been for years, and the San Francisco, the Straits Settlements Dean, Rev. Matsuta Hara is de- ' scribed as a man of outstanding spir- Manila and South China." itual and intellectual qualifications.

JAPAN-CHOSEN He took his B. A. at the Doshisha and Freedom for Geisha Girls his M.A. at Oberlin, and has served ADECISION rendered in October as one of the Japanese churehes of by the ~t.ppellate Court at Osaka, the Northern Baptist Board for six Japan, to the effect that no girl may years.

be bound by a contract made without Buddhists Define Salvation her consent and knowledge and en- T forced against her will, affects the HE Buddhist Salvation Army has become ag~essive in Kure, hundreds of thousands of geisha girls who are now held in more or less Japan, and has a kindergarten, free voluntary servitude throughout the lodging house, and a sailors' home.

A Christian, very poor and nearly part to "the prayers of many of the blind, recently entered their home for Korean church leaders who have been the night and received much kindness, in prison all during this time as a the Buddhists giving him not only result of the 'independent move- food, but a new coat. He declared his ment.' "

Christianity, and asked the head of the band to explain his beliefs. "I Eager Millions believe in truth," was the reply j REV. w. W. PINSON, D.D., of "truth is all I worship, … the the M. E. Church, South, writes greatness of truth." The Christian, from Seoul, Korea, September 10th: not satisfied, asked the meaning of "The Eastern situation is 'unparalsa'ivation, and the reply was: "Sal- leled' as everybody is saying. We are vation is to come here and feel warm simply swamped and I am sending and happy, and to be friendly with out an S. O. S. to the natives for the others who come." The Chris- help. We must somehow begin over. tian asked to be introduced to some It is a new situation. There must followers of the Buddhist Salvation be a reforming of our lines, a recast- Army, who could explain the tenets ing of our policies. In education .we more clearly. "That is impossible," are simply smothered. One morm~g was the reply j "the followers of the not long ago Korea woke up and saId, Army are all ignorant men j they do "Ve must know.' Who can teach not really understand what they be- these millions 1 Who can house them' lieve." Church Missionary Out- If you doubled your capacity today look. you would face an overflow tomor- Korean Forward Movement row, treading on each other's h~els.." There is a similar state of affaIrs ill I T is estimated by church' leaders that in Korea's population of evangelistic work, he says. "This is 19,648,000 one out of every fifty-six a movement for which we have no is a Christian, either Protestant or adequate provision, and in which Catholic. Rev. H. A. ~odes, editor our notions and methods are flooded of The Christian Messenger, of Seoul, and choked. How to house and shepattributes this to the great forward herd and save a hundred new groups movement which has been taking in a single district, and keep pace place in Chosen the past three years. with the widening fronitiers baffies The aim of the Protestant churches imagination. All of which means that there was slightly different in each when the Lord lays His hand on denomination. In the Methodist things. human measurements and Episcopal Church, a definite goal forecasts are a huge jest, and man's was to increase the giving of the native congregations. In the Southern best plans are left as fossils .in ,the Methodist Church a campaign in sediment. Is this mere rhetOrIC Y If you think so come and see."

evangelism was waged by preaching bands. The Presbyterians carried ISLANDS OF THE SEA on a campaign under the leadership Reaching Filipino Students R of Dr. W. N. Blair, first to put new EV. FRANK C. LAUBACH, American Board missionary in life into aU the activities of the Korean churches and to bring them up the Philippines, wrote from Manila to 100 per cent in nine different in the surumer: "There has come in- points j second, to conduct an evan- to the Philippines a new thrill of gelistic campaign, and third, to "pay mighty spiritual expectation. We special attention to stressing Sunday- have never until this year had a scbool work in all Methodist and movement that pretended to reach all Presbyterian groups." This united of the students of the Philippines, effort has had remarkable success, these millions who have learned to and Dr. Rhodes gives credit in large laugh at the superstition of their

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

parents but have not learned to be- the Church can do this work of spirilieve in the Christ whom we call tual nurture, this people may become Lord. A campaign has just been intellectual materialists.. Indeed some launched in Manila to reach everyone of their ills now are manifestly a of the twenty odd thousand students result of progress intellectual and who are attending intermediate, high commercial, outdistancing progress school, college and university courses spiritual. The passion for intellectual in this city who have come from all attainment becomes an appetite for the provinces of the Philippines. spoils instead of a desire to serve- For the first time in the history of a rush for official emoluments rather these Islands all the churches have than service programs."

united in one great evangelistic ef- OBITUARY NOTES fort. The greatest need is trained leaders by the thousands. Conserva- REV. LORIN S. GATES, who was tivelyspeaking we need ten thousand seventy-seven years old, and had been since 1875 a missionary of the college-trained and seminary-trained American Board at Sholapur, India, ministers right now. The ultimate was murdered by a Mohammedan at objective of this campaign is to issue Bijapur on September 6th. the challenge, the call of God, to the students of the Philippines to enter M R. JAMES W. KINNEAR, the ranks of the Christian ministry Chairman of the Executive Comand fill this tremendous need. Mr. mittee of the WorId '8 Sunday School Laubach is appealing for scholarship Association died at Rochester, Minn.. funds to meet the expenses of certain on September 12th. very promising young men whose families have disowned them.

PERSONALS PerU. of Secular Education REV. CHARLES E. BRADT, D.D., for eigh- S ECRETARY W. C. PEARCE of teen years the representative of the Presby- the World's Sunday School Asso- terian Board of Foreign Missions in the ciation writes of his visit to the Central District, died in Chicago on Sep· Philippines in August: "The Filipino people have a desire for educa- tember 6th. *•• tion that is nothing short of a passion. The progressive development REV. THOMAS L. RIGGS, D.D., a son of the missionaries "Mary and I," recently completed fifty years of service among the of the free public school system has Sionx Indians in South Dakota. The event been and is phenomenal. The village was celebrated in striking fashion. and city streets from 7 to 7: 30 are filled with a great procession of *** children and youth on the way to DR. SHERWOOD EDDY is now Dn another of his world journeys, and is planning to visit the Philippines, Japan, China, India, school. At the time of American oc- Egypt, Tu.rkey, Russia, the Balkans and cupation in 1898, the school system began with 4,504 pupils, 847 Amer- Germany. ican teachers and 1,914 Filipino teachers. In 1920 there were 935,678 *** REV. AND MRS. MAURICE FRATER., wh<l have spent twenty·one years in the New Hebrides, are expected to spend the present pupils, 316 American teachers and . winter in the United States and Canada.

20,691 Filipino teachers. The total REV. BAYARD DODGE, SOn of Cleveland H. Dodge, has been elected president of the expenditure for administration and instruction for 1920 was nearly $7,- American University of Beirut, to succeed 000,000. Surely the Filipino people the late Howard S. Bliss, the father of Mrs. are· making unsurpassed progress Bayard Dodge. *** toward attaining high intellectual levels, but democracy's principle of REV. WILLIAM CAREY, of the English Bap. tist Mission, who did notable work as con· religious liberty makes it impossible for these public schools to' teach reli- vener of the Calcutta Missionary Conference Language IExamination, has been tl'ansgion adequately and therefore unless fened to Dacca from Calcutta.

=.' lIBRARY_ ~THE

iVtiU"~ 0 ' iAAi" ·iAkl'''' iAkl……Wii' ooiiiXi Making the World Christian. The Essen· quiry and challenges the Christian to tial Objectives in Mi.sionary Endeavor. apply the teaehings of Jesus to every By John Momoe Moore, D.D., Ph.D., phase of life today. To put the mat- Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, ter in the words of the writers-" The South. 323 pp. $1.75. George H. aim of these studies is to seek, in Doran Co., New York. 1922.

There is much to challenge thought and through the mind and experience in these six vigorous lectures deliv- of Jesus Christ, the way of life for ered before the School of Theology of individuals, churches, classes and na- the Southern Methodist University, tions, that shall lead to a solution of Dallas, Texas. Bishop Moore forcibly our present problems."

sets forth the responsibility of inter- Many will differ from the~t!onclu­ preting Christianity to the non-Christian world in terms of modern life. Rions of the authors. The book does not attempt to present any form of Christianity has come to its time of economic or political program but supreme testing as it has reached its simply gives an analysis of present day of largest opportunity and must conditions, with the suggestion that Christ's way should be tried as the outline its task anew. The call from only solution for the confusion which tne world today is that it shall exists in the world. At the close of each chapter is a list of questions for be, not so much a conqueror, as an group discussion. There is also a interpreter of its faith. The great good bibliography in the appendix. challenge is to make the world "think Christian. " Dr. Moore calls for a more clear cut educational policy on the mission field to produce Christian Christ and International Life. By Edith leaders in every department of life. Picton·TurbevilL 150 pp. $1.50. George The chapter on "Elevating Social H. Doran Co., New York. 1922.

Values" is an inspiring record of The main thesis of this book by a what has already been accomplished keen sighted English woman is that .in world service and a call to Chris- national policies, both internal and tians to a greater use of creative en- external, must be Christianized, that .ergy for transforming society. The the law of Christ must be the guiding real goal of the missionary movement principle of national conduct. With is defined as the construction of an courage and frankness Miss Picton- adequate religious faith for every Turbevill analyzes the present alarm- member of the human family. Bishop ing international situation and shows Moore has been a life student of mis- the danger of the attitude of those sions with many years of experience who hold that it is impossible to in- as secretary of home missions and as troduce religious ideals into politics.

superintendent of Methodist opera- Christ, the Great Internationalist, tions in Brazil, and speaks with au- realized the strength of national an- thority on missionary policy in non- tipathy and rivalry and, as we study Christian and Latin countries. Him, appears to speak afresh to Jesus Christ and the World Today. .By human beings as corporate nations Grace Hutchens and Anna Rochester. as much as to the individual man. 144 pp. $1.25. Geo. H. Doran Co., New An attitude of contempt for other York. 1922. . peoples, international jealousies~ the This is a. searching book full of spirit of war, economic injustice causquestions intended to provoke ~he i.ng bitterness and despair in many, mind of the reader to debate WIth are some of the grave evils which the himself. It stimulates further in- author emphasizes as threatening 1006

THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY

destruction to the race. She appeals The Mexican Hind. By Wallace Thompson. to women for the sake of the children Little, Brown & Co., Boston. 1922. of the world to work for the building of international relationships on the The author of this book set for himethics of Christ. She sees hope for self a noble and difficult task, the the future in the increasing number fundamental work of explaining the Mexican mind. This he rightly Rays of those in every country of Europe is necessary if we are to help Mexico who believe passionately that there is solve her problems, and yet it has a Power that can quicken the con- received little attention. According science of nations, and that the teach- to the author, his is a hU(mble be~in­ ing of Him who is the Way, the ning of a task to which many minds Truth and the Life will achieve the and many years should be devotedchange which the world needs and the comparative study of the psychol- ogy of the Latin and Saxon people craves. of America. The author is to be con- The Carpenter and His Kingdom. By Alex· gratulated for being willing to tread ander Irvine. 247 pp. $1.50. Charles this untrod and exceedingly difficult Scribner's Sons, New York. 1922. path, with his limitations of equip- ment. His descriptions of customs The author is a man of unusual ability and varied experiences and and of play-life, his emphasis upon uses keen analysis and a pungent the individualism, pride and inertia style to good effect. The book:is read- as important psychological traits, and able and at times very suggestive, but his insistence that the whole "Mexican must be read with caution. The very question" 'is one of education, are freshness and originality of the writer valuable and true points. His stress led him to conclusions which are not on education's being adapted to the always trustworthy. He gives us a Mexican mind and not a foreign imvivid interpretation of the Christ portation is also important. There and His Kingdom with manystimu- are many good paragraphs and pages lating seed thoughts for the preacher, scattered through the book. Bible teacher or missionary but stresses the humanity rather than the But the book as a whole is bad. It deity of Jesus. There is an effort to is hard to see what good purpose it be practical and to show the bearing can accomplish for either Mexicans or of the Saviour's life upon our prob- foreigners. While the author has lems today. lived in Mexico many years, he has The Boyhood Consciousness of Christ. By evidently never sympathized-suf- Rev. P. J. Temple. 197 pp. $3.50. Mac· fered with-the Mexicans. As a for- millan Company, New York. 1922. eigner and newspaper man he has met This is an attempt to study all the the governing classes and the serving passages in the Gospels which bear classes in the capital city and probably on the childhood of Jesus in order to has been entertained in some large prove that there was no development haciendas and Indian villages. But in the mind of Christ, either in regard he would hardly have written this to His mission or His oneness with book with so little mention of the God. The author is particularly op- charm of the Mexican character, if he posed to the idea, quite popular to- had really lived with the people. He day, and held by many Protestant does make a patronizj.ng effort once writers, that Jesus' idea of His mis- in a while to excuse the Mexicans for sion and His true connection with God their sins and professes his admiration came to Him at His baptism. Nor for them. But he talks like a for- is he willing to concede that this con- eigner who lived in Mexico beclI,use c~ption dawned on Him gradually 'he made his living there and who has for the author fears that to yield to never made any sacrificial effort for the modern view would rob us of be- the people that would lead them to lief in the deity of Christ. J. F. R. open their souls so that he might enter in and sup with them. It is hard to Kahn, John Maynard Keynes, P. W.

see why one who neither gives evi- Wilson and Paul Fuller, Jr., are dence of having entered into such sac- quoted. One of the most interesting rificial fellowship with a people nor chapters is that devoted to "Should of having attained a very profound America Seek to Influence European scholarship in the necessary sciences Colonial Policies'" for in this discus- of sociology and psvcholo~y should sion Mr. Fahs touches upon the realm undertake such a profoundly delicat of missionary endeavor as it influences and difficult task. international trade and politics. He The author bases his whole analysis quotes Donald Fraser about Europe of the Mexican mind on the belief entering Africa: "Commerce has some- that it is entirely Indian. And then times been her guide, eager for rapid he makes this remarkable statement: wealth, or new markets for her home , 'The Indian culture. if we may so productions. Too often commerce has use the term, is perhaps the most worn a religious grin, saying in the sinister threat against the civilization mystic language of the past she would of the white man which exists in the 'plant the cross on every headland,'

world today." Think of it! The Yel- and in the blunt language of today, low Peril, then the Moslem Peril and she would teach the natives 'the dig- now the Indian Peril! S. G. 1. nity of labor.' But honestly and plainly, she wished to make her The Railroads of Mexico. By Fred Wilbur pockets bulge." Powell, Ph.D. Pp. 226. $2.00. The Stratford Company, Boston. 1921. Church and Sunday School :Publicity. By Herbert H. Smith. 176 pages. $1.50 net. In twenty-seven short chapters we The Westminster Press, Philadelphia. have here a brief treatment of the 1922. railroad situation covering the Diaz administration and the time up to the This book is sufficiently different Carranza regime, with a historical from others on church advertising to sketch of each of the principal rail- justify its existence. It has a distinct advantage in that it deals with the way lines in Mexico. Sunday-school as well as the Church.

America's Stake in Europe. By Charles H. The schelJles for advertising set forth Fahs. $1.35. World Problem Discussion are not theoretical but are largely ac- Series, Association Press, New York. tual plans which have already borne 1922. fruit. New and usable ideas are to be This study reprints extracts from found in the chapter dealing with current periodicals in an effort to calendars, bulletins and papers. The resolve international questions. Some excerpts make answers affirmatively, author's most valuable contribution is some negatively. For instance, in the suggestions for using the news- " American democracy should grow to papers, particularly in advertising its full stature by its own unaided religion in paid space.

efforts and save the world by its ex- Race Relatious in Chicago. A SUI{lmary of ample," is the opinion quoted from the R.eport of the Chicago Commission OIl J. A. Hobson, "The Morals of Eco- Race R.elations. 650 pp. Chicago Uninomic Internationalism" in support of versity Press. 1922.

the theory of isolation. On the other The Commission which is composed hand, Dr. Jacob Gould Schurman, or seven representative white and six writing in the Forum, reiterates: representative Negro citizens and was "The world cannot go back to the appointed by Governor Lowden has 19th century system of a European spent about a year studying the psy- chological, economic and social ~on­ balance of power and the hermitary ditions and the race relations un<ierseclusion of America."

Discussing the payment of allied lying the terrific community exolodebts, authorities such as Otto H.' sion in 1919. Trained white and Negro investigators were employed treatment of a difficult subject. Many and hearings were held by the Com- who have been driven to and fro by a mission. Thus a new and import.ant variety of views with reference to the set of facts is made available (lon- program of the Kingdom may, by a cerning a great typical Northern city careful perusal of this timely book, whose Negro population increased be led forth into a clearer light and 148.5 per cent between 1910 and into a joyous expectation of the ~lo­ 1920. The Commission makes a series rious things that await the Church of recommendations to public authori- when her Lord shall come again.

ties, to the public, white and Neg-ro, Day Spring in Uganda. By A. B. Lloyd. 12mo. 120 pp. Church Missionary Soto employers, to workers of hoth ciety, London_ 1921.

races, to the press, to social and civic The wonderful story of Uganda organizations, to the churches, and to has often been told and is here briefly other agencies. Among these recom- told again by the Archdeacon of mendations is the striking one 1;hat Western Uganda. As a mission field there be formed a permanent race re- it is unique in being physically well lations body to promote interracial developed by Great Britain and alunderstanding, tolerance, and coop- most wholly under the missionary eration.

New Missionary Herald. Boston. 1923. tutelage of the Church of England but Uganda has still a long way to The foreign missionary interests of travel before it becomes a civilized the Congregational Church are to con- country. The opposing influences solidate their magazines the Mission- are pagan, Moslem and Roman Cathary Herald, Life and Light, and Mission Studies in a new monthly which olic, and Archdeacon Lloyd speaks is to have its first issue January, plainly of the vices and weakness of 1923, and be called the Mission.ary African church members. Herald. The general control will be in the hands of an Advisory Commit- There are naturally many omis.- tee, composed of two representatives sions in this brief story, which is in from the American Board and one from each of the three W omp,n 's effect a telescopic view of the attempts Boards. Rev. Enoch F. Bell is editor- to establish Christianity in British in-chief. East Africa. Enough is written to give a clear idea of the importance of the Baganda in the future of Africa, the value of Christian missions, the The Return of Christ. By Charles R. Erd· heroism of missionaries and of many man. 12mo. $1.00. George H. Doran natives, the problems and setbacks to Co., New York. 1922. progress and the outlook for the fu- ture. It is an excellent introduction Premillennialism has suffered much to the fascinating field. at the hands of its friends. by many distortions and perversions of this The Community. By Edward C. Linde· "blessed hope." A number of cults man. 12mo. 221 pp. $1.75. The Asso· have clothed baneful teachings in this ciation Press, New York. 1921.

beautiful garment-made over to suit One of the changes in modern home mission work is in the primary emtheir own fancy, and have deceived phasis placed on the community many. This fact should not be al- rather than on the individual. As a lowed to rob God's people of the com- result many books have appeared refort that comes from a sane and l'ev- lating to the study of community life erent interpretation of this phase of in cities, towns and the open country. Scriptural truth.

Dr. Che-ries R. Erdiman, of Priucc- Professor Lindeman, of North Caro- ton Seminary has written this book lina College for Women, gives here as a harmonizing interpretation of such a study as a result of ten years'

this important doctrine-a wonderful research and practical experience. It 6 is an attempt to work out a program Francis of Assisi; adventurers in the to produce social harmony through South Seas, like John Williams and various social, intellectual and religi- Patteson; African pathmakers like ous factors and is therefore a com- George Grenfell and Alexander promise. Professor Lindeman gives Mackay; apostles to Moslems like some interesting facts and suggestions Raymond Lull, Henry Martyn and but his "Confession of Faith" is very Archibald Forder. There are also imperfect and unsatisfactory to a stories of native Christian converts Christian as it does not include a like Kapiolani of Hawaii, Khama of personal God, a Divine Saviour, an Africa, and Abdallah, the Moslem inspired Bible, any recognition of the Holy Spirit or even an expressed be- boy. These true stories are especially lief in immortality-and yet it is put good reading for boys and give exforth by the Y. M. C. A. Press! cellent material for teachers of boys and girls.

Glimpses of Persia. By M. M. Wood. A Noble Army. By Ethel Daniels Hub· 12mo. 76 pp. Church Missionary So· bard. 12mo. 114 pp. Central Com· ciety. 1922. mittee on the United Study of Foreign Missions, West Medford, Mass. 1921. In brief snapshots we see through missionary eyes the country and peo- Six stories, told in a fascinating ple of Persia, the history, the customs, style for boys and girls of junior age, the need for Christian missions, its make up this little volume. Miss methods and progress. The chapters Hubbard knows how to make a true are interesting as well as informing story read like fiction, and the lives of and give an excellent idea in brief Robert Moffat of South Africa, Cyrus compass. Hamlin of Turkey, John G. Paton of the New Hebrides, Mary Reed of In- In Christ Jesus. By Arthur T. Pierson. dia, Dr. Raynolds of Armenia and 12mo. 198 pp. T. C. Horton. Los General Feng of China furnish ideal Angeles. 1921. material.

The epistles of Paul are here Evangelistic Sermons of d. Wilbur Chap- studied in a unique, compact and man. By Edgar Whitaker Work. 219 pp. very suggestive way to reveal the re- $1.00. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York. lation of the Christian to Christ. 1922. The great Bible teacher shows that in these epistles those out of Christ are Those who knew Dr. Chapman will condemned, continue in sin, are in relive many happy experiences as bondage to carnal lusts, forfeit bless- they read this book. Those who did ings and are doomed to disappoint- not know him personally will never ment, unrest and failure, ruin and find a better description of him than shame. In Christ they are justified, is to be found in these last sermons sanctified, complete, satisfied and delivered in 1916. They are not ex- . glorified. It is a stimulating series pository but are intensely evangelistic. of Bible studies. Much of the personal magnetism which made Dr. Chapman a master The Book of Missionary Heroes. By Basil of public assemblies still lives in this Mathews. 8vo. 280 pp. $1.50 net. book. The sermon entitled "Your George H. Doran Co. New York. 1922. Sins" might have 'been used as a title for the book for it is the keynote No field of experienc~ offers greater throughout. Many luminous illustra- possibilities for stories of heroism and tions, gathered fromthe author's dch adventure than the lives of pioneer experience as he traveled over the missionaries. Mr. Mathews is a mas- world, show vividly the terrible effect ter narrator as his lives of Living- of sin. However, before ea~h sermon stone and Paul clearly prove. Here closes the somber note is lost in the he has given us stories of early pio- effective wav in which the author neers such as Wilfred of Sussex and holds up the atoning Christ.

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The Missionary Review of the World — February 1902

CHILDREN IN

"Suffer little children. and forbid them not, to come unto Me, for of such is the Kingdom of Heaven" Missionary Review of the World Old Series } FEBRUARY j New Series VOL. XXV. No. 2 ~ VOL. XV No. 2 MISSIONARY LITERATURE OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY Character and Uses of Recent Books on Foreign Missions BY REV. H. P. BEACH, MONTCLAIR, N. J. Educational Secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement Our literary inheritance from the missionary century which has just closed is nOG the least of the blessings of that remarkable period. To say that it far surpasses in value the output of previous centuries is to acknowledge that our writers have drawn from wider fields and a i-icher experience, and hence could not fail to produce a higher grade of missionary literature. As we begin a new cycle of years, it may be well to stop for a moment and note the character and value of this inheritance.

I. Literature of the Early Part of the Century So rich is the product of recent missionary writers that we are apt to forget the work of earlier decades.

1. The character of these older writings is sufficiently obvious to be 'readily noted. They appeared at a time when men were not cosmopolitan, and when little was popularly known. of lands beyond the seas. Consequently, writers could assume ignorance of the few mission fields occupied, and hence could write in minute detail of the people, their interesting environment, and strange sights and sounds, and, above all, could move the reader by the unexpected story of moral degradation and religious need. Not only were Christians eager to learn every detail about the heathel)., but so new was the missionary enterprise that there was universal desire to hear the story- of the adventures and daily life of the workers. Western powers had little influence in the mission fields of a century ago, and so life was far more unsafe, and frequent changes of scene were common, all of which lent It strong interest to the story of men who were experiencing some of the trials of the first apostles. Then, too, the Church placed a more decided emphasis upon the eschatological motive in missions than is the case to-day. Missionaries almost without exception were persons of the deepest piety, and were swayed by the strong desire to save the heathen from eternal woe. These views and the opposition'

'and dangers of the time made existence very strenuous, with an inclination to introspection and morbidness. Life could not be trivial, and such delightful passages as one finds in the writings of Arthur H. Smith, of China, James S. Gale, of Korea, and Mrs. John G. Paton, of the New Hebrides, are hardly thinkable during that period.

2. While this is the general character of missionary volumes of the first part of the nineteenth century, they nevertheless constitute a valuable contribution to missionary literature. No one can be acquainted with the subject, until he has at least tasted the productions of that time. Nowhere is history more entertaining than in that period, and no periodical of to-day is of such absorbing interest as the issues of the London and Church Missionary Societies and of the American Board during the first third of the last century. Such works as Holmes's historical sketches of Moravian beginnings, and the general missionary histories of Smith and Choules and of W. Brown are not surpassed in the quality of interest by the recent writings of Edwin Hodder and Dr. Warneck. In the realm of biography Henry Martyn will never be out of date, and other less-known lives are worth reading by any who lack moral fiber and a divine pertinacity. Beyond some inspiring memoirs, abundant material for history, and the missionary's wondering view of the strange new world therein enshrined, there is little of permanent worth in this portion of our inheritance.

11. The Criterion of Authorship No estimate of values in the case of missionary literature of the past three decades-which is about as far back as it is profitable to go nowadays-can overlook the important item of authorship. So much can be had and time is so precious that only the- best should be read, hence authorship is an essential consideration in deciding upon what to read. There are numerous exceptions to the general rules about to be st:1ted, yet they are true in the main_ 1. Volumes writteu by the ordinary traveler are quite as commonly read to-day as any missionary books, and yet they are very liable to create wrong impressions concerning missions. 'fhe charm of these works lies in the fact that the novelty excited by missionary countries has not worn off, as in the case of persons long resident in non-Christian lands. Everything is described -from the viewpoint of the reader, and not being professionally interested, such writers feel free to criticise the enterprise. The mischief wrought by these volumes comes from the fact that their information is usually derived from steamer captains and residents in the ports, where contact between civilization and heathenism has produced a modern Sodom. Even if inclined to speak truly of the missionary situation, it is impossible for such persons to state the facts fully; while hostility to missions finds abundant pretexts for attacking missionaries and their work in their

MISSION'ARY LITERATURE OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

three months' trip to the great ports of the world. Even so careful a writer as Lord Ourzon was sadly misled in many of his missionary judgments concerning the work in the Far East. In general, then, one should have good reason for reading this class of literature in preference to more trustworthy volumes.

2. While the missionaries themselves labor under the disad vantage of having become inured to strangeness and awful sin, and tho their constant use of a new language often vitiates their mother tongue, writings by such persons are our best substitute for first-hand informa- tion and personal visitation of the fields. Some of them, it is true, have become so accustomed to discursive and perpetual conversation that their books are tiresome and wide of the point; while still others have given such an intense life to a limited group of people in an exceedingly hard field, that they project their narrow experience upon the reader as if it were the only missionary horizon. Yet there are many others who are broad-minded and have sufficient imagination to realize what people desire to know and suit their perspective to this need. 'l'he largest proportion of our missionary reading may wisely be drawn from writings of this class.

3. In some respects the most valuable contributions to missionary literature are made by home students of missions and mission lands. By this is not meant a contingent of hack writers, who do not take pains to acquaint themselves with their themes, but who depend instead upon some good half-tone illustrations, striking incidents which they do not take time to verify, and a literary style that attracts the reader. The genuine student of missions does not write without , having investigated as carefully as possible his ground, depending upon the consensus of authorities rather than upon the personal equa- tion of a single author. It may take years to produce a given work, as in the case of Dr. Dennis's invaluable volumes, but when it appears it is authoritative. One class among such writers supplement their reading and home research with travel, either as independent observers, like Dr. Lawrence, or as representatives of missionary societies with all the special opportunities of gaining inside information resulting from that relation. Had secretaries the requisite time for such work, their travels and the prolonged correspondence with many mission- aries under their charge ought to furnish the very best material, especially as most of them are also constantly called upon to purvey information to the public, and so know what people' desire to learn.

Ill. Value and U~e of Different Varieties of Literature As there is a prevalent carelessness about the authorship of what one proposes to read, so there is a practical ignoring of some varieties of missionary literature, and no clear conception as to what each class is best calculated to accomplish.

1. The most unassuming form is the leaflet, and yet it is often very valuable. So short that a person can read one in a moment, if rightly directed it may quickly reach its mark. The Germans make illus- trated leaflets an attraction to children, and the English and a few American societies are also coming to realize their power in that direction. Oollege students and some churches use them at the close of a missionary service to clinch the work that has been done from the platform. Let their exact character and fitness for a specific use be known, and no other form of literature is more effective; but their indiscriminate and purposeless employment brings reproach upon all literature of their class. In its most respectable form the leaflet enlarges into a booklet, and here a more important purpose is sub- served, viz., that of creating through it a taste for missionary reading. Many a busy man or woman who would refuse to peruse a missionary book can be induced to read an attractively printed, interestingly written booklet. The Ohurch Missionary Society has made a most fruitful study of this grade of literature and furnishes some of the best samples of the class.

2. What is usually regarded as the only true missionary l~terature must be the largest element in our reading, the full-fledged book. The experience of those who know most about the use of this form of literature shows that the value of books does not depend upon great size; indeed, some of the best biographies in print, like those of Dr. George Smith, suffer from their very completeness. Many will read Tom Hughes's brief" Life of David Livingstone" rather than attack the infinitely more valuable memoir of him by Blaikie. The function of the book is to give tolerably complete views of the Stl bject treated, and consequently it requires some resolution on the part of the reader to mast.or the topic. It is this more serious purpose which needs to be cultivated before many books will be read, and to accomplish this small volumes or portions of a large volume of special interest are very successfully prescribed or even pledged, with the result that the appetite becomes established.

3. As we can not live without the daily paper, so the missionary periodical is an absolute essential, if we would keep abreast of the missionary advances of the day. It is highly creditable to their editors that board magazines are so uniformly interesting and up to date. The one issued by our own denomination has a first claim upon us, perhap~; tho in order to get the best in three lands of Ohristendom, the student of missions must read THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, because of its world-wide scope and valuable leading articles; tpe Allgemeine Misst'ons-Zet'tschrijl, as being the most scientific missionary periodical in existence, because of its trustworthy reviews of missionary progress in different lands, and because of its exceedingly valuable sketches of master workers; and the Ch1trci~

MISSIONARY LITERATURE OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

Missionary Intelligencer, as being easily the foremost denominational periodical, and because its many fields and its strong general articles make it of value to readers of every denomination and land.

IV. Literature for Special Classes In the conduct of con.ferences on missionary literature one is frequently asked to give lists of missionary books especially adapted to particular classes of persons. No question is so difficdlt to answer, for the twofold reason that those who have read widely in this field differ so -greatly in their literary judgments, and because readers of the specified classes are equally divergent in their likes and dislikes.

1. Ohildren are least satisfactorily provided for, if we except those of England. and Germany, and leave out of account some excellent· children's periodicals of America. Yet this apparent neglect is perhaps best provided for in these same excepted periodicals. The average child is not sufficiently interested in missions to read a long book, so .that the Religious Tract Society of London has thpught it wise to reduce so fascinating a volume as Gilmour's" Among the Mongols" to the modest limits of "Adv.entures in Mongolia." Periodical editors, however, can select the choicest material, have it served in a large variety of attractive dishes; and can make the feast as long or short as the appetite demands. In general it may be said that the Church Missionary Society of London has succeeded best in providing acceptable books and booklets for children, tho one must confess that they are not so attractive to American as to English children. That class of writings must be indigenous in order to be most effective.

2. Books for young people are also difficulf to prescribe. If young people's societies are any criterion as to who are young, the class includes all between fifteen and fifty. Limiting the term to those from fifteen to twenty-five-we beg the pardon of young people who are much older than this-it may be said that books which are most likely to interest them are biographies, books of missionary travel or adventure, and, above all, well-written volumes that are not too long. '1.'hus they would not have the patience to read the classical life of Bishop Patteson in two volumes, even tho from the pen of so talented a writer as Miss Yonge, w'hen they would enjoy Page's breezy sketch of this famous martyr of the South Seas. Missionary stories find their best market among this class of readers-books like Davis's "Chinese Slave~girl," Griffis's "Honda, the Samurai," Miss Barnes's "Izilda," and Miss Crosby's" With South Sea Folk."

3. Requests frequently come to the writer for lists "Of works especially suitable for 1IJpmen. His own view is that they are sufficiently in ad vance of men in their acquaintance with missionary books to need an even higher grade of this literature, instead of an agreeable solution of the masculine variety. The only exception to this state-

ment that he recalls is in the case of books that are full of horrible or sad details of heathenish life. Some women become hopelessly depressed by volumes portraying the woes of womanhood and such social conditions as make Dr. Dennis's" Christian Missions and Social Progress" one of the greatest missionary works of the nineteenth century. In the lists that are appended, books are marked with a w for the reason that they have especially to do with classes in society or topics which would not particularly interest men.

4. Another frequent inquiry is for text-books that are especially adapted to mission study classes. Unfortunately very little attention has thus far been given to the preparation of such literature, except in pamphlet or periodical form, and in the text-books of the Student Volunteer Series, the twenty-third issue of which has just appeared. Miss Hodgkins' "Via Christi" may be the forerunner of a series suitable for women's societies, as Dr. Barnes's "Missions Two Thousand Years before Carey" is for advanced classes that are ready to invest money and time in a prolonged course of study. The trouble with most books of this class is that, while they may be admirable for reading purposes, they -are poorly adapted for use as text-books, where brevity, clearness, and inexpensiveness are essentials.

5. Another demand is for statistical and technical works that are not expected to be read throughout, or if read in their entirety, it would be by students or persons specially interested in missions. This class, as indicated in the list following, is here made to include a few volumes that are more or less technical, appealing to special readers. The value of this variety of literature is far greater than the ordinary reading public realizes, and no missionary library can be considered complete without a few of them at least.

V. How Use This Literature?

"It depends." If the individual buys a number of books and the question applies to him, one answer would be given; if a church library were being inquired about, an entirely different answer is necessary. A few general suggestions only can be made.

1. "Begin gradually" is a safe maxim to follow in most cases. "The Unanimous Library" scheme of the New York Endeavorers, devised by the fertile brain of Mr. W. L. Amerman, is perhaps the best way to begin, if competition is the point of departure. Pledging to the reading of a book or portions of a volume is another good way to establish a taste for missionary books. But the general prescription which will meet the majority of cases in mature life is that of reading what, in Coleridge's phrase, "finds you." A friend well acquainted with missionary literature can select a single volume, or a few chapters in a book which elsewhere is a desert, and his strong recommendation and request will be the beginning of a wide use of such literature.

Personal tastes and friendly advice are the best levers in this work.

2. The confirmed missionary reading habit is still a long way off. The main reliance in cultivating it lies in the constant use of books and periodicals for necessary purposes. Thus the pastor of a church, or a missionary committee, should make literature necessary for a variety of meetings. In scores of cases workers in this line, like Dr. Sailer, of Philadelphia, and his colaborers in the Endeavor Union of that city, have won constant readers for missions by assigning once and again special parts. Finishing the required reading, the person is allured onward, and oftentimes the book is not only read by one but by a number in the same family. The Volunteer Movement's studyclass work has in hundreds of cases resulted in confirming the reading habit.

3. A third and final step, if the use of books is to be most effective, is to introduce system into reading. The Cross-Bearers' Missionary Reading Circle and the work of some of the boards and young people's societies, notably the Baptist Young People's Union, are doing much in this direction. Yet the matter rests ultimately with the individual, and he should feel that the present-day work of God in the world is quite as well worth knowing about as the earlier history of the infant Church. Consciencious devotion to the unfinished work of our ascended Lord, and sympathy with His needy brethren in mission lands should be so dwelt upon and entered into that no month will pass without some periodical or volume read, and" no day without a line" at least. Resolution is requisite and self-denial as wen; but it richly repays the Christian who sees in modern missionary history, as Dr. Pie.rson does, "new Acts of the Apostles."

IV. A Brief List of Recent Literature The writer has been requested to append a list of books and periodicals that may be useful to the reader in making selections. He does so with the confession that he does not pretend to know intimately more than two thousand missionary books of the vast number published, with a slight knowledge of an additional three thousand, perhaps. Moreover, his view-point has necessarily been that of students in our institutions of higher learning. It should also be added that, with a single exception, no literature in foreign languages is here referred to. It is a misfortune that so few are well enough acquainted with German as to be willing to take up missionary volumes in that language, as it is surprisingly rich in this line of literature. While many read'-French, there are comparatively few original missionary works in that language, save sohle admirable ones bearing on the special fields of single societies and others which are already translated.

LIST OF TWO HUNDRED MISSIONARY WORKS"

GENERAL WORKS Hodgkins, L. M. Via Christi. 1901. 8 w. Leonard, D. L. Missionary Annals of the Allgemeine Missions-Zeitschrift. r x. Beach, H. P. Geography and Atlas of Prot- Nineteenth Century 1899_ Pierson A. T. Miracles of Missions. Fonr estant Missions. 2 vols. 1901, 1902. r s. Bliss, E. M., editor. Encyclopedia of Mis· Series 1891-1901. y Pierson, A. T. Modern Missionary Century. sions. 2 vols_ 1891. r x. Church Missionary Intelligencer. r x. 1901. Dennis, J. S. Christian Missions and Social Pierson. A. T. New Acts of the Apostles.

Progress. 2 vols. 1897, 1899. a r x. 1894. y. Dennis, J. S. Centennial Survey of Foreign Thompson, R. W .. and A. N. Johnson. British Missions. (Statistical supplement to Foreign Missions. 1899. r. above.) 1902. r. – Warneck, G. Outline of a History of Prot- Ecumenical Missionary Conference, New York. 1900. r. estant Missions. (Translation of the Gordon, A. J. Holy Spirit in Missions. 1893. Seventh German edition) 1901. r x. Missionary Review of the Wo,·ld. r x. Mott, J. R. Evangelization of the World in COLLECTED BIOGRAPHIES This Generation. 1900. s. Strong, E. E., editor. In Lands Afar. 1897. y. Beach, H. P. Knights of the Labarum. Student Missionary Appeal. (Report of Third 1896. s. Volunteer Convention, Cleveland). 1898. r. Students and the Missionary Problem. (Re- Creegan, C. C., and Mrs. J. A. B. Goodnow. port of Second Volunteer Union Conven- Great Missionaries of the Church. 1895. y. tion, London. 1900. r. Williamson, J. R. Healing of the Nations. Gracey, Mrs. J. T. Eminent Missionary (Medical missions.) 1899. s. Women. 1898. w.

RELIGIONS McDowell, W. F., and others. Picket Line of Missions. 1897. y. Barrows, J. H., editor. World's Parliament of Religions. 2 vols. 1893. r. TOURS OF MISSION LANDS Davids, T. W. R. Buddhism. 1894. r. Clarke, F. E. Fellow Travellers. y. Dods, M. Mohammed, Buddha, and Christ. Comegys; Mrs. B. B., Jr. A Junior's Ex- 1893. r. periences in Missionary Lands. (Imagi- Douglas. R, Confucianism and Taouism. nary.) c. Lawrence, E. A. Modern Missions in the 1879. r. Grant, G. M. Religions of the World in Re- East. 1895. r x.

lation to Christianity. 1895. s. Twing, Mrs. A. T. Twice Around the World. J evons, F. B. Introduction to the History 1898. w y.

of Religion. 1896. r. MISSION FIELDS AND WORKERS Kellogg, S. H. Handbook of Comparative Africa and "Wadagascar Religions. 189). r. Williams, M. Monier-. Hinduism. 1890. r. Battersby,C. Harford-. Pilkington of Uganda 1899. HISTORY OF MISSIONS Bentley, W. H. Pioneering on the Congo. Barnes, L. C. Missions Two Thousand Years 2 vols. 1900. Before Carey. 1900. r s x. Blaikie, W. G. Personal Life of David Liv- Hodder, E. Conquests of the Cross. 3 vols. ingstone. 1880. x. 1890. r x y. Dawson, E. C. Lion-hearted: Story of Bishop Hannington's Life. 1901. c.

Drummond, H. Tropical Africa. 1891. y. Ellis, W. Martyr Church of Madagascar.

1870.

*The italicised letters following some of the entries in the list have the following signifi· cation: a ~ works that are helpful from an apologetic point of view. c ~ those which are of special interest to children. r ~ works of reference, or those which treat of specialties. s~volumes intended primarily for study class use. w ~ literature of special interest to women. • x ~ works of very unusual excellence. y ~ books of special interest to young people. The remarks that have been made under Section IV. above should be borne in mind in the interpretation of these symbols. Where no letter follows the title, it is to be understood that the work has equal interest for all classes of mature persons. The date following titles is important as enabling the reader to know the age of books. As a general thing, the more recent a book is the greater its value, save in the case of biographies and histories.

19021 MISSIONARY LITERATURE OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

Fletcher, J. K. Sign of the Cross in Mada- Asia-Arabia gascar. 1900. y. Jessup, H. H. Kamil. 1899. y. Hall, M. J. Through My Spectacles in Sinker, R. Memorials of the Hon. Ion Keith- Uganda. c. Falconer. 1800. Harrison, Mrs.J.W. Mackay of Uganda. 1891. Zwemer, S. M. Arabia', the Cradle of Islam. Johnston, J. Missionary' Landscapes in the 1900. x_ Dark Continent. 1892. y. McAllister, Miss A. A Lone Woman in Africa. Asia-China and Dependencies 1895. w. Ball, J. D. Things Chine.e. 1892. r. Moffat, J. S. Lives of Robert and Mary Barber, W. T. A. David Hill, Missionary and Moffat. 1885. Saint. 1898. Noble, F. P. Redemption of Africa. 2 vols. Beach, H. P. Dawn on the Hills of T'ang.

1899. r x. 1898. s. Parsons, Miss K C. A Life for Africa. (Life Bryson, Mrs. M. I. Child-life in Chinese of A. C. Good.) 1897. Homes. 1885. c. Rutherfurd, J., and E. H. Glenny. Gospel in Bryson, Mrs. M. 1. John Kenneth Mackenzie.

North Africa. 1900. (~fedical Missionary.) 1891. Standing, H. F. Children of Madagascar. Chang, Chih-tung. China's Only Hope. 1900. Davis, J. A. Chinese Slave-girl. 1880. y. 1887. c. Fielde,MissA.M. Corner of Cathay. 1894_ wy. Thornton, D. M. Africa Waiting. 1898. s. Gibson, J. C. Mission Problems and Mission Tyler, J. Forty Years Among the Zulus. Methods in South China. 1001. r. 1891. Gilmour, J. Among the Mongols. 1883. y_ Whately, M. L. Ragged Life in Egypt, and Gray, W. J. H. China: A History of the More about Ragged Life in Egypt. Laws, Manners, and Customs of the Peo- 1870. w. ple. 2 vols. 1878. r x. Hart, V. C. Western China. 1888. American Continent-North Headland,1. T. Chinese Boy and Girl. 1001. c. Jackson, S. Alaska and Missions on the Lovett, R. James Gilmour and His Boys_ 1894. c. North Pacific Coast. 1880. Martin, W. A. P. Cycle of Cathay. 1896. Page, J. Amid Greenland Snows. 1892. ". Riggs, S. R. Mary and I. 1887. Martin, W. A. P. Lore of Cathay. 1001. r x. Whipple, Bishop. Lights and Shadows of a Moule, A. E. New China and Old. 1892. Long Episcopate. 1899. Nevius, H. S. C. Life of John Livingston Willard, Mrs. E. S. Kin-da-Shon's Wife. Nevius. 1895. 1891. w. Selby, T. G. Chinamen at Home. 1900. Young, E. R. Apostle of the North, James Smith, A. H. China in Convulsion. 2 vols_ Evans. 1899. 1901. x. Young, E. R. On the Indian Trail. 1897. y. Smith, A. H. Chinese Characteristics. 1894. x. Taylor, Mrs. F. H. In the Far East. (New America-Mexico and West Indies Brown, H. W. Latin America. 1891. Edition.) 1901. y. Butler, W. Mexico in Transition. 1892. Williams, S. W. Middle Kingdom. 2 vols. Carlisle, W. Thirty-eight Years' Mission Life 1895. r x. in Jamaica. 1884. Duggan, Mrs. J. P. A Mexican Ranch: 1894. y. Asia-India, Burma, and Ceylon Kingsley, C. At Last: Christmas in the West Barnes, Miss 1. H. Behind the Pardah. 1897. w_ Indies. 1889. Bishop, Mrs. I. L. B. The Golden Chersonese. Rankin, ~1iss M. Twenty Years Among the (Burma.) 1881. Mexicans. 1875. w. Carpenter, C. H. Self-support in Bassein America-South. (Burma). 1883. r. Beach, H. P., and seven others. Protestant Chamberlain,J. In the Tiger Jungle. 1896_ y. Children of India. c. Missions in South America. 1900. s. DuBois, Abbe J. A. Hindu Manners and Cus- Brett, W. H. Mission Work Among the In- toms. 1897. dian Tribes in the Forests of Guiana. 1881. Fuller,Mrs M. B. Wrongs of Indian Woman- Coan, T. Adventures in Patagonia. 1880. y. Young, R. Cape Horn to Panama. 1900. hood. 1900. w. Guinness, L. E. Across India at the Dawn of Asia-General Barrows, J. H. Christian Conquest of Asia. the Twentieth Century_ 1898. y. Hopkins, Mrs. S. A. Within the Purdah. 1899. r. Cobb, H. N. Far Hence. 1893. (Medical Missione.) 1898. w. Graham, J. A. On the Threshold of Three Hunter, W. W. Brief History of the Indian Closed Lands 1897. Y Peoples. 1892. x. Houghton, R. C. Women of the Orient. Hunter, W. W. The Old Missionary. 1896. Jackson, J. Mary Reed, Missionary to the 1877. w. Mabie, H C. In Brightest Asia. 1891. Lepers. 1899. y. Speer, R. E. Missions and Politics in Asia. Judson, E. Adoniram Judson. (Notable 1898. Baptists Series.) 1894_

Langdon, S. The Appeal to the Serpent: Asia-Persia Story of Ceylon in the Fourth Century. Bassett, J. Persia, the Land of the Imams.

Leitch, Misses M. and M. W. Seven Years in 1886. Ceylon. 1890. y. Curzon,G. N. Persia and the Persian Ques- Mason, E. B. Civilizing Mountain Men. (The tion. 2 vols. 1892: r. Karens.) 1862. Fiske, D. T. Faith Working by Love. (Miss Mason, F. Ko Thah·Byu, the Karen Apostle. Fiske's Life.) 1868. w. Laurie, T. Dr. Grant and the Mountain Nes- 1846. Maxwell, Mrs. E. B. The Bishop's Conver_ torians. 1874. Wilson, S. G. Persian Life and Customs. 1895. sion. 1892. a w. Yonan, M. Persian ~Women. 1898. w. Scott, J. G. (pseudonym, Shway Yoe). The Asia-Siam and Laos Burman, His Life and Notions. 1896. ,·x. Cort, M. L. Siam; or, the Heart of Farther Smith, G. Conversion of India. 1893. r. India. 18R6. Smith, G. Life of Alexander Duff. 2 vols. Fleeson, Katherine N. Laos Folk-lore. y. Siam and Laos as Seen by Our American Mis- 1879. x. Smith, G. Life of William Carey, Shoemaker sionaries. 1884.

and Missionary. 1887. Asia-Tu"kish Empire Tennent, J. E. Progress of Christianity in Barrows, J. O. On Horseback in Capadocia.

Ceylon. 1850. r. 1884. Thoburn, J. M. India and Malaysia. 1892. Bliss, I. G. Twenty-five Years of Bible Work Tisdall, W. St. Clair-. India, Its History, in the Levant. 1883. Darkness and Dawn. 1901. s. Dwigbt, H. O. Constantinople and Its Prob- Urwick, W. Indian Pictnres. 1881. c. y. Wherry, E. M. Zeinab the Panjabi. 1895. y. lems. 1901. Wilder, R. P. Among India's Students. 1899. Forbidden Paths in the Land of Og. Wilkins, W. J. Daily Work in India. 1890. Hamlin, C. My Life and Times. 1893. Wilson, Mrs. A. Caruso. Irene Petrie, a Jessup, H. H. Women of the Arabs. 1873. w. Ramsay, Mrs. W. M. Everyday Life in Tur- Woman's Life for Kashmir. 1901. y. key. 1897. w. Asia-Japan and Formosa Wheeler, Mrs. C. H. Missions in Eden. 1899. y. Bacon, Miss A. M. Japanese Girls and Women. Asia-Tibet 1901. w. Bishop, Mrs. J. F. Among the Tibetans. 1894. Ballard, Miss. Fairy Tales from Far Japan. c. Carey, W. Adventures in Tibet. 1901. y. Batchelor, J. Ainu of Japan. 1892_ Rijnhart, Dr. Susie C. With the Tibetans in Campbell, W. Missionary Success in For- Tent find Temple. 1901. y. mosa. 1889. Schneider, H. G. Working and Waiting for Cary, O. Japan and Its Regeneration. 1899. s. Chamberlain, B. H. Things Japanese. 1892. r. 'fibet. 1891. Gordon, M. L. American Missionary in Japan. Oceania 1892. Alexander, J. M. Islands of the Pacific. 1895. Griffis, W. E. Honda, the Samurai. 1890. y. Banks, M. B. Heroes of the South Seas.

Griffis, W. E. Mikado's Empire. 1896. r. 1896. y. Griffis, W. E. Verbeck of Japan. 1900. Brain, Miss B. M. Transformation of Hawaii. Hardy, A. S. Life and Letters of Joseph 1899. y. Hardy Neesima. 1891. Calvert, J. Fiji and the Fijians. 1877. Johnston, J. China and Formosa. 1897. Chalmers, J. Pioneer Life and Work in New Mackay, G. L. From Far Formosa. 1898. Peery, R. B. Gist of Japan. 1897. Guinea. 1895. Ritter, H. (G. E. Albrecht, translator). His- Crosby, Miss E. T. With South Sea Folk.

tory of Protestant Missions in Japan. 1899. y. 1898. r. McFarlane, S. Among the Cannibals of New Tristram, H. B. Rambles in Japan. 1895. Uchimura, K. Diary of a Japanese Convert. Guinea. 1888. y. 1895. Page, J. Among the Maoris. 1894. y. Paton, John G. Autobiography. 3 vols. 1897. Asia-Korea Paton, Mrs. J. G. Letters and Sketches from Allen, H. N. Korean Tales. 1889. y. Bi.hop, Mrs., LL.B. Korea and Her Neigh- the New Hebrides. 1895. w. Spencer, B., and F. J Gillen. Native Tribes bors. 1898. r. Gale, J. S. Korean Sketches. 1897. y. of Central Australia. 1899. r. Gifford, D. L. Everyday Life in Korea. 1898. Williams, J. Missionary Enterprises in the Griffis, W. E. Corea, Without and Within. South Sea Islands. 1888. 1897 r. Young, Miss C. M. John Coleridge Patteson Hall, R. S. Life of William J. Hall, M.D. 1897. 2 vols. 1873. Asia-Malay Archipelago Condit, Alice B. Old Glory and the Gospel in MISSION TO THE JEWS the Philippines. 1901. Gidney, W. T. The Jews and Their Evangel- Worcester, D. C. Philippine Islands and ization. 1899. s.

Their People. 1898. r. Kellogg, S. H. The Jews; or, Prediction and Fulfilment. 1883. r.

Leroy, B. A. Israel Among the Nations. 1895. r.

Zangwill,~ I. Children of the Ghetto. 1893.

GREAT MISSiONARY APPEALS OF THEl LAST CENTURY

GREAT MISSIONARY APPEALS OF THE LAST CENTURY BY THE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF The literature of missions, produced during the century just passed, has been remarkably rich and prolific. The catalog of books, covering every department of the subject, shows that some of the most gifted pens have been at work. The geography and topography of various countries, the habits and customs of foreign peoples, the mysteries of the different languages and dialects, the diverse systems of philosophy and religion, the history of missionary operations, and the biographies of devoted men and women-every class of topics germane to the great theme has been treated by writers of the highest type.

God has raised up this army of authors, and used these numerous and voluminous treatises on missions, as means of information as to the field and its wants, and the work and its progress, but most of all as molds of character and conduct, and as means of raising up new laborers to meet a world's needs.

But, besides these larger contributions to mission literature, there is another class of direct appeals to which special attention may well be directed. Single brief pamphlets, addresses and sermons have been singularly chos~n and used of God as loud trumpet-calls to His church. Often at the time they seemed only of transient interest, yet some of them have marked turning-points in the century's missionary history, and take a first rank for originality of method and for practical power among the moral and spiritual forces that have swayed mankind. At some of these we shall now glance, for the sake of their permanent lessons.

Oarey's "Enquiry" and his Nottingham sermon of 1792, on Isaiah liv: 2, 3, like Robert Hall's thunderbolt on "Modern Infidelity," in 1800, properly belong to the eighteenth century, yet they proved to be potent forces for shaping the events of the nineteenth century, and scarcely began to exert their full influence until after its dawn. Oarey's "Enquiry into the Obligations of Ohristians to Use Means for the Oonversion of the Heathens," his biographer, Dr. Smith, justly ranks as the" first and greatest" paper on missions. It contains only about twenty thousand words, but it is an amazing contribution to the statistics, geography, and religious condition of the world, especially considering its author. He was no scholar, and yet an Oxonian, with the Bodleian library at hand, could scarcely have surpassed it, either in matter or style. This shoemaker in an obscure village, whose main liooks were three-Oook's "VoYMes," the" Life of Oolumbus," and the Bible-who had little contact with the intelligent by

TllE MlsSlONAltY ltEVrll:W OF Tllll: WOltLO

converse, anli no contact with the world in general by travel-this was the man whom God chose, while as yet the Church was asleep, to speak the creative word of modern missions.

We may well consider the genesis of that" Enquiry." Carey's conversion, at eighteen, had two effects: it was self-consuming and selfconstraining. God's fire both burns up the dross out of character, and burns its own way out of confinement; it works purity in the man, and it demands vent for God's message. As Dr. Alexander McLaren says, "The candle, if put under the bushel, either goes out or burns up the busheL" Like Duff after him, Carey found his conversion impelling and compelling him to action. He started his preaching in the hamlets near Hackleton; then, as he met Andrew Fuller and Thomas S.cott, and began to borrow books, to read and think and ask questions, to make his map and amass his facts, he began also to urge on his brethren to do something to change the face of that map and the character of those facts. Like Elihu, he must show his .:>pinion. He met little besides the wet blanket of discouragement and rebuke. Meanwhile he was writing his" Enquiry," which, however, had no likelihood of ever seeing the light, for he was too poor to put it in print, being scarcely able to pay for his daily bread. In 1788, when Carey moved to Leicester, he read it to those who met at his recognition services. But his" piece," as he humbly called it, written in poverty and sickness, had lain in its sepulchre had not God said " Come forth," and had He not led Mr. Potts, by paying the cost of printing, to "loose it" from its bonds and "let it go" on its errand.

Thlts it came to pass that, four years later, the press gave this essay its thousand tongues. The author, ready to practise what he preached, had already followed up his" Enquiry" by that other epochmaking appeal from Isaiah liv: 2, 3, at Nottingham in 1792, which gave the motto for the century's missions: " Expect great things from GOD; Attempt great things for GOD."

Dr. Ryland has sought to describe the effect of that sermon, The preacher's soul was like a reservoir where waters have long gathered, and on that May day the dam broke, and the flood bore on its current not only the preacher, but all his hearers. "Obligation" was the great thought with which it smote their consciences, while it rebuked their apathy and lethargy. The impression was very deep, but it would have led to no action, had not Carey wrung Fuller's hand, imploringly asking: "Are we again to separate without doing anything?" This agony of appeal held them together until a new step was taken, fixing the next meeting at Kettering in October, as the time for "a plan for propagating the Gospel among tpe heathen."

And so that printed" Enquiry" and that spoken appeal had their first-, I

GREAT MISSIONARY APPEALS OF THE LAST CENTURY

fruits in the little band of twelve that in October, 1792, with no precedents to guide, no experience to assure, no funds to expend, and no influence to command, pledged themselves to God and each other to bear their part in spreading the Gospel, and laid down on the altar of missions their fifty-three half crowns.

It is the old story which is ever new. Like the first creation, it shows Him still at work who made the worlds out of things which do not appear. Of the genesis of missions we may write the same opening , words: "Iri the beginning, God." The Creator chose that "Enquiry" and that sermon as base-blocks for the structure of modern missionary enterprise. They who despise the day of small things may well ask whether it be not worth while boldly to use pen or tongue when God lays on us a burden, however few our readers or however cold and callous our hearers.

God has used as "goads," to urge his people to nobler advance, many other memorable sermons and addresses during the past century.

l~obert Hall's sermon on " Modern Infidelity" was made a mighty force in arousing the Church to missions, tho not directly treating of that sul;>ject. It was delivered in 1800, in Cambridge. Its immediate provocation was the French Revolution, which was, at bottom, atheism, causing a volcanic upheaval which threatened not only the foundations of all government but the very existence of society. Dr. Hall proved, in this masterly discourse, all false systems of religion to be practically godless and unable to save society from ruin, and held up the Gospel as the one and only remedy. At that time world-wide missions were taking shape, and this sermon was one of God's cIarioncalls, rallying believers in a supernatural Gospel to advance against the powers of darkness. Its author was a mighty man. Dugald Stewart says of him: "Whoever wishes to see the English language in its perfection must read the writings of that great divine. He combines the beauties of Johnson, Addison, and Burke without their imperfections."

A dozen other sermons and addresses which properly belong to the last century may now be mentioned, such as John M. Mason's "Messiah's Throne," preached before the London Missionary Society in 1802; Claudius Buchanan's" His Star in the East," preached in Bristol in 1809; Edward Irving's" Missionaries After the Apostolic School," in, 1824, also before the London Missionary Society; Alexander Duff's Exeter Hall address in 1837; Francis Wayland's" Moral Dignity of the Missionary enterprise," in 1823, and his "Apostolic Ministry," in 1855; Dean Magee's anniversary sermon before the Church Missionary Society in 1866; Dr. Joseph Angus' "Apostolic Missions," before the Baptist Missionary Society in 1871; Charles H. Spurgeon's" Plea for Missions" in the Metropolitan Tabernacle in 1877, and before the Wesleyan Society at its anniversary in 1886; William Fleming Steven-

son's" Our Mission to the East," which so thrilled the Irish assembly in 1878; Alexander McLaren's "True Source of Missionary Zeal," in London in 1889; and Phillips Brooks' sermOll delivered in Boston in 1881, entitled" The Heroism of Foreign Missions."

To these might be added Harris' "Great Oommission," Foster's "Essays on Missions," Sheldon Dibble's "Thoughts on Missions," Kip's" Oonflicts of Christianity," John Angell James' "Ohurch in Earnest," etc. This list includes only English writers and speakers, space forbidding proper reference to sermons and essays from the pens and tongues of those who, in Germany and Holland, France and Switzerland, Norway and Sweden, and other foreign lands, have lent their advocacy to the cause of missions.

John M. Mason's sermon on "Messiah's Throne" was heard by Robert Hall, and extorted from him the exclamation: "I can never preach agam." Olaudius Buchanan was a young Scotchman, converted through John Newton, and sent as chaplain to India, through Oharles Simeon's influence. After his return to England, he preached at· Bristol a sermon which, for an hour and a half, held a large audience spellbound. Its echoes, heard even in Parliament, aroused a new interest in India, which prepared for the remarkable victory in the House a little later. The text of this sermon was Matthew ii. 2, and the title was, "His Star in the East." Its closing words were these: While we are disputing here whether the faith of Christ can save the heathen, the Gospel has gone forth for the healing of the nations. A congregation of Hindus will assemble on the morning of the Sabbath under the shade of a banyan-tree, not one of whom perhaps· ever heard of Britain by name. There the Holy Bible is opened; the Word of Christ is preached with eloquence and zeal; the affections are excited; the voice of prayer and praise is lifted up; and He who hath promised His presence where two or three are gathered together in His name is there in the midst of them to bless them, according to His Word. T,hese scenes I have myself witnessed; and it is in this sense in particular I can say: "We have seen His Star in the East."

Adoniram Judson read Buchanan's appeal, and thus describes the effect: "'rhe evidences of Divine power manifested in the progress of the Gospel in India fell like a spark into the tinder of my soul. I could not study; I depicted to myself the romantic scenes of missionary life; I was in a great excitement." That was the blast God used to bring Judson's whole nature to the white heat and into readiness to be molded on His anvil of purpose. The leading thought of the discourse was the evidences of the Divine power of the Ohristian religion in the East; especially is the progress of the Gospel in India described as affected by the labors of that venerable and almost ideal missionary, Schwartz. * Francis Wayland was pastor in Boston, Mass., when he preached, * " Life of Adoniram Judson, ' by his son, pp. 70, 71.

JOHN CHINAMAN IN AMERICA

in 1823, his sermon on "The Moral Dignity of the Missionary Enterprise." It was soon after printed, and at once put him in the front rank of preachers. When Robert Hall read it, he remarked: "If he can preach such a sermon at twenty-seven, what will he do at fifty?" Wayland's subsequent discourse, before the New York Baptist Union for Ministerial Education, thirty-two years later, proved what grand work he could do at fifty-nine.

(To be continued) JOHN CHINAMAN IN AMERICA BY REV. IRA M. CONDIT, D.D., SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. Supt. of the Chinese Presbyterian lI[ission. Author of "The Chinaman as We See Him."

The Ohinese question has again come to the surface. 'i'his is caused by the fact that the Exclusion Law, at present in force, expires next May. There are no in this country, in round numbers, one hundred thousand Ohinese, but why such a comparatively small number should be looked upon as so great a menace to our broad land is difficult for some of us to understand.

One reason given is, that if the gate is left wide open they will come in such crowds as to flood the Pacific Ooast, if not the whole land.. But Americans are slow to understand that all our ao YOW, CHINESE CONSUL·GENERAL, Ohinese immigration is ·from the SAN FRANCISCO one province of Oanton, and, for the most part, from only four districts of that province. In my thirty years' experience I have never seen half a dozen from any other part of China. The northern Ohinese do not emigrate, and in all proba- bility never will. They have never gone (excepting a few from Bukien) to any of the other countries where they are freely allowed to enter. If they did come to America they could not mix with the Oantonese any better than if of another nationality. Hence the fear of the Ohinese pouring in upon us in an overwhelming flood is not very well founded.

The fear from "Ohinese cheap labor" has also very little in it to cause anxiety. In point of fact, Ohinese labor in Oalifornia is not cheap and never has been. Fruit interests and family help suffer because of the lack of Ohinese to care for the former and of the high price demanded by house servants for their labor. One of my neigh-

bors III Oakland, with an ordinary-sized family, pays fifty dollars per month for a Chinese cook and twenty-five for his assistant. This is not very cheap labor! The demand for their work in the family, on the farm, and elsewhere, at high wages, is far beyond the possibility of present supply.

Race prejudice itself can not account for the antagonism to the Ohinese. Other races are regarded with favor by those who will hardly look upon a Ohinaman as human and possessed of an immortal soul.

The animosity against our Mongolian brothers seems to be caused by a combination of reasons. Race prejudice has something to do with it, but their failure to assimilate with us has much more. Fears of an Oriental invasion and of their cheap labor cause some of the uneasiness. The fact that they bring many of the worst features of their own civilization with them: the importation of slave women; the practise of debasing vices; the belief (a false one) that the mi)ll are coolie slaves-we have in all these the reason, to some extent, for bitter hostility to the Chinese.

The dark blot of Ohinatown in our fair San Francisco has an irritating influence upon the minds of our people. It is much like a piece of China brought over and set down in our midst. Their streets filled with men, women, and children, talking in the jargon of their own tongue, their queer signboards, the quaintness of their many kinds, shapes, and sizes of lanterns, their vegetable and fruit stores, their restaurants, their temples and theaters, their barber shops, drug and variety stores, are all a veritable picture of Ohina. If the houses were only one story high and streets but six or eight feet wide, then it would be a Ollinatown indeed. To the tourist alone these places are of great interest.

This strange people who have crossed the sea and planted themselveE' down in our midst are still really living in a world of their own. They are dwelling among us, but are not of us. They retain their own peculiar characteristics, intending some day to go back to live and die in their own land. Some one has said, "They do not even change their tailor or their barber while they stay here."

It is a deeply solemn thought that they are bearing back to their own awakening country the impressions for good or evil which they receive while living among us. And just here lies the whole problem of the Ohinese question.

The first Chinese to come were welcomed and kindly treated. Their advent was regarded as theopening up of relations which meant great things for Ohina and for us. But antagonisms of various kinds soon began to arise. For political and other reasons, those words, "The Ohinese must go," became the battle-cry against them. The words of the treaty between China and the United States read as fo1-

JOHN CHINAMAN IN AMERICA

A CHINESE CmUSTIAN FAMILY. SAN FRANCISCO lows: "They shall not insult or oppress each other for any trifling cause, 80 as to produce an estrangement between them." These words were disregarded and treated but as a travesty. In this country of boasted freedom, under our flag, and in the face of solemn treaties which had been forced upon them, they were treated as no people have ever been, if we except the Jewish people. They were mobbed, unjustly imprisoned, their property destroyed, and inhumanly murdered. Every kind of outrage has been enacted against this defenseless people.

All this culminated' at length in the passage by Congress of an Exclusion Law, which went into effect May 5, 1892, and in the negotiation of a new treaty, in which the Chinese government magnanimously granted all that our government asked.

The Exclusion Law required all Chinese laborers to register within one year after the passage of the law. If they were found in the COll ntry after one year without a certificate they were .to be apprehended and deported to China. Only government officials, merchants, teachers, and students were by this law'allowed to come.

The enforcement of this law has given rise to much outrageous treatment. Those who would land have to prove by at least two

reliable white witnesses that they have a right to live in this country. Merchants, laborers, and all alike, when they arrive, or return after a visit home, are penned up like a flock of sheep in what is known as a "detention shed." This is the long shed extending over a portion of the Pacific Mail Steamship dock, and for discomfort it is a veritable J…ibby Prison without starvation. There they are imprisoned without the right of bail, and denied all communication with either their own people or with Americans. I know this from more than one effort to see some excellent members of our own mission who were thus confined. There they have to await a slow investigation of their case. They have to pay their own board during the weeks, or maybe months, of this investigation; and if they have no money to put up or friends to help them, then, without any regard to their rights, they are sent back by the same steamer on which they came. A man is often imprisoned as a criminal who has committed no crime, but merely failed to find a white man to prove his right to be here. He is imprisoned, not until his guilt is proven, but until he can prove his innocence. The great crime of the Ohinese under this law is that of being a Ohinaman.

In this way the Ohinese are discriminated against, the unjust laws are harshly executed, and the treatment they receive such as is given to no other nation under the sun. The Chinese feel this gross injustice done them by a so-called Ohristian nation. Need we wonder that they are so slow to adopt our ways and accept the Ohristianity we seek to give them?

CHRISTIANIZING THE CHINESE IN AMERICA Yet in the face of all this and more the Gospel has found a place in many a Ohinaman's heart. The various branches of the Ohristian Ohurch have missions among this people which have been fruitful of much good.

The Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions was the first on the field, and began work in San Francisco in 1852. Rev. Dr. William Speer, who had been a missionary in Oanton, Ohina, and spoke the language of this people, worked with great earnestness and zeal. Long years after leaving the work he was still known as "The Ohinaman's Friend." A fine mission-house was erected, and much good was done in many ways.. Health failing him, he was succeeded in 1859 by the Rev. Dr. A. W. Loomis, whom I joined in the work 1870. The old building at length became too small for the work, and the First Presbyterian Ohurch, situated close to Ohinatown, was secured. This is now the commodious headquarters for many departments of mission work.

In 1868 the Rev. Dr. O. Gibson, who had been a missionary in Ohina for ten years, established a mission of the Methodist Episcopal Ohurch.;

JOHN CHINAMAN IN AMERICA

A fine building was erected, and effective work bas ever since been carried on. In 1870 the Oongregational mission, under the Rev. Dr.

W. O. Pond, was opened, and they now have an excellent building on the edge of Ohinatown. In the same year the Baptist Ohurch open ed a mission, and under the Rev. Dr. Hartwell, who is now a missionary in Ohina, an excellent chapel and school-rooms were erected in the heart of the Ohinese quarters.

In all of these missions the Gospel is preached to the Ohinese in their own tongue, efficient evening schools for teaching Eng- lish are held, and they have in hand all kinds of church and missi on work. For many years not only have the various denomi- nations planted branch missions in many cities and towns where PRF..8IDENT OF' THE CHINESE KING'S the Ohinese are to be found, but DAUGHTERS, SAN FRANClSCO the plan of Ohinese Sunday-schools in our churches has been also adopted, These Sunday-schools were opened in nearly all the prominent churches of San Francisco and at other important places on the coast. As the Ohinese have gone East, schools have been opened for them there also, until they are found in not less than seventy-five cities and towns of the United States.

Some mistakes have been made no doubt, but great good has been done by these Ohinese schools scattered over our land. Thousands of Ohinese have been reached by them, and out of them have come many bright Ohristians. I have had an excellent opportunity of meeting many of these when on their way back to Ohina, and am glad to bear testimony from my own knowledge as to the scores and hundreds of Ohristian men who have come out of these schools.

Ohristianity has here tofore had the disadvantage of coming in con- tact with heathenism on its own soil by a few missionaries; but here, for the first time, heathenism has been planted upon Ohristian soil and amid our Gospel institutions. What great things might have been accomplished if we had only lived up to the relighmwhich we professed! But, notwithstanding our shortcomings, a deep impression has been made upon these heathen people. Through unjust treatment we have lost much, and yet much has been done to open their blinded eyes to the truth, destroy their foolish superstitions, and bring them into the faith of the blessed Gospel of Ohrist.

There is another side to this Ohinese immigration question, and that side is away acro~s the Pacific, in the home-Ia'nd from which this

people came. Seeds planted here are growing and ripening there. Even the many thousands of those who have gone back home not Christians, having seen with wondering eyes in our land the blessings which accompany and follow in the wake of the Gospel, have returned with their belief in idolatry mightily shaken, if not destroyed. These are awakening new ideas among the millions of their people, which are helping to open the way for the Gospel to take hold.

'fhen add to this the thousands of Christian converts in our conntry who have gone home to believe and practise what they have learned here. Thus through those still here and those who have returned, cooperating with the missionaries on the field, the Christianizing of Southern China is going forward.

I have estimated that not less than sixty thousand Mexican dollars have been given by the Christian Chinese in this country for building chapels and for various kinds of Christian work in China. One of the finest chapels in South China, at Sun Neng, has been erected almost wholly by them, and other smaller ones have been either entirely or partly built by them. Native pastors at work in these chapels and colporteurs sowing the good seed amid the innumerable villages around are supported by our Chinese Christians in this country, who are earning good wages in their daily vocations. Often these Christians return from visits to their homes, bringing good news of the con version of their wives, children, and kinsfolk.

'Fhus it is true that tho all the good which we had hoped for by the sojourn of this people among us has not been realized, yet many have been born into the kingdom, and precious influences set in motion, which are telling, and will continue to do so, for the regeneration of China.

SOME FACTS AND FIGURES Number of Chinese in the United States, 100,000. Of these there are in San Francisco, 18,000; on the Pacific Coast, outside San Francisco, 50,000; and in other states and territories, 32,000.

Christian Chinese in the United States from the beginning, divided between the principal denominations, 4,000; the present number, 1,600.

Of these in San Francisco, 600; in other parts of the coast, 500; and in other states, 500.

Evening schools in the country may be put down at 50, and Sunday- schools, 75; the scholars in attendance at these schools for one year, 3,700.

Chinese born in the United States, 3,000. Children in the mission and public schools, 500. .

Lay preachers converted in the United States who have labored both here and in China, 60; ordained ministers, 12.

Amount given by the Chinese for building chapels and for Christian work in China, $60,000 in Mexican money. To this may be added alarger sum given by them for various kinds of mission work among their people in this land.

There are three Rescue Homes for the saving of Chinese slave girls and women-one Presbyterian and one Methodist' in San Francisco, and one Presbyterian in Portland, Oregon. No less than 1,000 have been rescued , during the twenty-five years of their existence. Many of these are now happy wives and mothers in Christian homes.

THE UNOCCUPIED MISSION FIELDS OF WESTERN CHINA

There are two Kindergarten schools for Chinese in· San Francisco with 60 in attendance.

There is a Circle of Chinese King's Daughters organized and conducted by Mrs. I. M. Condit in the Chinese Presbyterian Church of San Fran- cisco who are working for their heathen sisters ann the children; it has now 32 members. At their bi-monthly meetings they have more than 100 Chinese women and children.

There are six organized Chinese churches in California, the other converts being in connection with local American churches.

There are four Chinese Young Men Christian associations in San Francisco, connected with the different missions, and each having many branches in the state and at many other points. .

There are six Christian Endeavor societies in California, with some also in the Eastern States.

THE UNOCCUPIED MISSION FIELDS OF WESTERN CHINA * BY REV. WILLIAM UPCRAFT, YACHOU, SZCHUAN, CHINA Missionary of the American Baptist Missionary Union, 1883- In writing of unoccupied fields regard should be had to the num- ber, condition, and accessibility of the people; the probable lines of future development and intercourse with the world at large; the pos" sibility of supplying such fields from bases already occupied and equipped for mission work; together with the indications of Divine preparation and leading in the direction of such fields.

Under such conditions a brief survey of the three provinces of Western Ohina-Szchuan, Kuei-chou, and Yunnan-may serve as a sample of other districts in Ohina where the needs are equally great and pressing.

'l'he advance in this part of the empire within the past decade has been rapid and striking. Within that time West Ohina has come within the range of practical geography.

* This article was prepared at our request before the Boxer uprising. It is timely, in that it shows the unoccupied fields in one province of China before 1900. Many former stations are now without missionaries. There is clearly room for all Christian workers without overlapping.-EDITORS.

What before was an isolated region, cut off by mountain ranges and forbidding gorges from the coast provinces, has now been extensively surveyed and reported on; lines of railroad are projected; a steamer has made the journey up to Chungking, and, what is equally important, in'view of the rapids and shoals that infest the Yangtze, down again; a system of" police gunboats" for the upper river has been inaugurated by the British government; the Imperial Post connects Chungking with Shanghai and the outer world; noted financiers nave been up the river to look up the prospects for investments, and finally the French and English are engaged in competing companies for the purpose of exploiting the mineral wealth of the province.

What has all this to do with mission work? Much every way; principally in the way of incitement and facility. Hitherto the mission worker has been first in the field, in many ways a great advantage in their special work; but if that honorable lead is to be maintained a much larger force is necessary and enlarged equipments will be required than are now available.

It is also of importance to remember that in the solidarity of interests that ally all foreigners in a common cause as against the suspicion and ill-will of a conservative people such as this, the advent of every additional foreigner is a factor in mission work.

Of the field in its general aspects much may be said in its favor. Lying almost wholly within the subtropical zone, it is temperate in climate, fairly healthy for Europeans, vastly productive in all the necessaries of life, and attractive with a wide range of natural beauty. . The people vary in their general characteristics, from the mercurial, excitable Szchuanese, blown about by every wind of rumor, and agi~ tated by their self-imagined fears, to the bucolic stolidity of the Yunnan people who generally ignore everything outside their own immediate interests.

To reach this western country there is one" main traveled road" -the danger-laden current of the Yangtze River.

Passing through the series of canyons that hem the river in from Ichang as far as Kuei fu we find in this latter city the center of the first and most easily reached of the unoccupied fields of the west.

Field No. 1-Kllei fll.-Knei fu commands all the border country of eastern Szchuan and a large slice of western Hupeh. The country is broken into countless valleys, in which a large tho scattered population find a su bsisteuce as farmers, miners, and, at slack times of the year, as boatman in the increasing traffic between West China and the coast.

For a small mission that could give its attention to these people, put in a number of hardy evangelists for the active work of the country, besides making the town a center for medical and educational work, this is an attractive field. It is not far removed from Ichang

and the coast, as is the case with places farther inland, and it would also form a much-needed link in the line of work looking to the west.

Field No.2-Eastern Kuei-cho1t.-Passing on from this point to the west the next field lies in southern Szchuan and eastern Kuei-chou, with an entrance at the town of Fu, on the Yangtze, in latitude 29° N., at the embrochure of the Wu River, which drains -a part of eastern Kuei-chou.

The London Mission has an outstation here worked from their central station at Ohungking, but the town is large in itself, and as the entrepot for the vast interior region, as yet unreached, it offers a good site from which to reach the mainland to the south. There A WAYSID': GROUP IN SZCHUAN, CHINA.

might be some hardness to endure, as the people do not have a reputation for amiability toward foreigners, but this need not abash any who are endowed with good health, fair animal courage, and' the strength of patience that inheres in a Divine call to such a work.

Field No. 3-Ning Yuan VaUey.-From this point we pass to the west of Szchllan, leave the Yangtze at Suifu, go north on the smaller river to Kiating, and thence to Yachow in latitude 30° N., two days' travel from the western edge of the great central plain of Szchuan.

:From Yachou, west, follow the main road to Ohing-chi, in latitude 29° N., longitude 1030 E., where the road bifurcates, the western branch goes on to Tachien lu, Batang, and Lhassa, while the southern one-that which we now propose to follow-goes almost directly south to the capital of the neighboring province, Yunnan fu,

A GROUP OF I:.0LO MEN IN WEST CHINA latitude 25° N., a journey of twenty-two days' strenuous travel, and a virgin country to mission work and workers-one of the most important fields in the west.

Down the valley of the Anning River there is a ribbon of Chinese occupied country with aboriginal tribes on either hand. Here are the important cities of Yueh shi, Ning yuan, and Huei Ii, with a long succession of market villages and towns between. It is a most promising section of country, with an excellent climate, good supplies, and because of its mineral wealth it promises to come to the front rapidly under foreign development. Along this valley lies an alternative route-some think it to be the premier line-for the Burmo- Chinese Railway, and the whole region is attracting attention to itself.

Field No.4-The Lolos.-Beside the work offering among the Chinese, there lies the great needy sphere of Lolo-Iand.

To reach the Lolos no better location can be found than that offered by the Ning yuan valley. It is more than probable that these aboriginal tribes must in the first instance be approached through the medium of the Chinese. These latter have a working arrangement with the Lolos by which their traders are allowed for a consideration, and under certain guarantees, to penetrate to the most remote points of Lolo-Iand.

Hence the field in. the Ning yuan valley may be said to bear two separate aspects, if there be not really two fields-the Chinese and the Lolos.

THE UNOCCUPIED MISSION FIELDS OF WESTERN CHlNA

There are good communications with the outside from the valley, and everything that is common to Chinese civilization may be obtained on the spot. These are important points when one has to cOJ;lsider the economy of living in a far country.

Fteld No.5-The Far WestenL Dl:st1'iets.-Of the districts still farther west much can not be said. The whole border land, as between China, Tibet, and Burma, is a field untilled. The advance from Burma into western Yunnan has been. long contemplated and as long delayed. The Fathers of the Catholic missions have some of thoir best tho most arduous work lying out there, and with the communications opening up between northern Burma and the Chinese frontier lands there is a way for us and a call to occupy.

The fate of these smaller nations and aboriginal types seem to be absorption into the larger and more aggressive peoples, but ultimately they become no mean factor in the resultant race.

There is, therefore, a strong call to evangelize and modify the raw material, and thus contribute to the character of the ultimate result.

Speaking of the field among the Chinese, the foregoing list is not exhaustive. Even those places longest worked are but beginning to be occupied, while scattered here and there among them are enormous masses of people that are not being adequately reached as yet. For example, the district of the salt alld gas wells in the center of Szchuan has a very large population, and no resident workers are yet settled there; but a good deal of itinerent work has been done, and one or two missions are planning to "effectively occupy" so soon as men are forthcoming.

A SZCHUAN FAMU.Y GROUP

The crying need is for men and women, with the correlated demand for means to sustain both them and their work.

Szchuan, as a factor in the world's calculation, is just beginning to be recognized; as a mission field it has been known, but at no time adequately understood. Every mission is short-handed, and where the field is comparatively new, as is the case here, this condition is disastrous.

There is little to conserve, but everything is open to aggressive evangelism under whatever form conducted.

We are not administering conquered territory, or drilling enlisted warriors, but everyone is engaged in aggressive action against the forces that oppose. There is not a large body of Chinese Christians, these have to be won yet, but there is an unnumbered multitude of unreached heathen men and women needy and accessible.

To do this work the old posts should be strengthened and the new fields occupied.

No part of this generally needy empire calls louder to the love, d.evotion, and heroism of Christian men and women than the unoccupied fields of Western China.

THE CRISIS IN SOUTH AFRICAN MISSIONS BY REV. FREDERICK R. BUNKER Missionary of the American Board, Natal, South Africa, 1891- It appears to be a principle in God's dealing with men in His Kingdom that long time is consumed in preparation, and suddenly the opportunity is thrust forth with the challenge to meet it. Such seems to be the situation in South Africa at the present time. To one who looks at the situation in its proper perspective there is much to encourage, much to inspire, in the missionary outlook of that field.

Since George Schmidt began to preach the Gospel to the Hottentots in Cape Colony in 1737 there has been splendid work done in foundation-building. Languages have been reduced to writing and literature prepared iu them; churches have been founded and a Christian sentiment created in a large constituency; schools, both common and academic, have been established, and an intelligent company of pastors and teachers raised up; self-reliance and self-support have been b~culcated, until an African Church is prepared to enter largely into God's plan for the redemption of all Africa.

For long the missionaries held entire control of the government of the native churches. Their word was law in the administration of all church matters. They were vested with the authority of the Home Board, and took naturally the leadership among a people just out from heath.enism, and knowing nothing of Christian life and church order.

The past four years has witnessed what has almost approached a

THE CRISIS IN SOUTH AFRICAN MISSIONS

revolution in this regard. Not without strained relationship, not without .much to be deprecated, the native Church has demanded and exacted a much larger degree of local control than it has had hereto- fore. Native leaders have been thrust; or have thrust themselves, for- ward, and demanded a place for which the missionaries felt they were not qualified.

Negro agitators from America did much to accentuate. the strained relations by raising the cry, " Africa for the Africans," and not only sought to disrupt the mission churches, but were regarded with sus- picion by the South African governments for what seemed seditious. political utterances.

These have been years of intense trial to the African Church. Gradually there has come to be a much better feeling-I speak with especial knowledge of the situation in Natal. The missionaries have been wise in yielding to the native Church a very much larger self-control of its local affairs. They have led the natives to see that self-control was not merely" bossing," but involved the carrying of very heavy responsibilities. These responsibilities have been laid upon the shoulders of the leaders, until they begin to realize that they are not as sufficient unto themselves as they thought they were, and they are glad to avail themselves of that advice and assistance from the missionaries which they formerly despised. Out of the struggle there has .grown much better relationship between the missionarie3 and the native Church. Both sides have profited by the experience. '1'he native pastors and teachers now enter more largely into the shaping of the policy of church government for their own people, and the missionaries have gained a larger place as counsellors by the voluntary choice of the people. This internal change in the African Church gains added signifi- . cance from the time in which it has taken place. While the entire world has become interested in the political changes which are taking place in South Africa, very few are interested in the changes which are taking place among the native races-changes which are of vastly greater importance than the question, which of two races is to have the supremacy in the South African republics. What part the ahorigines are to play in the future civilization of Africa is the greatest question before the statesmen of that land, and will be for the future. The objection to taxation without representation is already urged by the natives and plans have been, or are being, made to give them representation in the English legislative assemblies. Franchise laws, labor laws, and such like are prominent before the law-makers of the land. The natives themselves are awaking to the new opportunities which have come to them in the advent of new conditions. and are pushing their demands prominently forward for recognition.

With the passing of intertribal warfare the population of Africa will increase very rapidly. Warfare and witchcraft are responsible for the fact that Africa is not as thickly populated as China or India. Stable government will remove this check to increase of population. Natal, which had but ten thousand inhabitants in 1835 under Chaka, now has five hundred and seventy-five thousand native inhabitants under English rule. This change has come not only from natural increase, but from immigration from other tribes seeking the protection of a settled government. A greatly increased population must be looked for and provided for by those concerned with Africa's future.

Great changes must be looked for as a result of bringing the native races under new industrial conditions. Vast numbers of men are being gathered from all the interior tribes to Johannesburg, Kimberly, and other industrial centers of South Africa. In Johannesburg alone there were seventy thousand natives gathered in the gold industry before the Boer war. It is estimated that two hundred thousand will be needed to meet the improved conditions after the war.

These natives represent tribes far back in the interior, even beyond· the Zambezi. Others come in shiploads via Delagoa Bay and Durban, gathered by labor agents from far and near on the eastern coast for the Johannesburg labor market. They remain in service from three to five years, then return to their homes.

Who can estimate the change of ideas which will take place in them, and which they will propagate among their people on their return to their tribes?

These great changes which are taking place constitute a crisis in the Kingdom of Goel in that land.

Here are vast numbers of men gathereel under conditions where the Gospel can be made known to them most effectively in the shortest time and at least expense. If truly converted and instructed in Gospel truth they will naturally and most efficiently reach the widely scattered tribes from which they come. The long dormant tribes to which they go and through which they pass will be aroused by the tales of these travelers to keen interest in new ideas.

Nothing will appeal to them with deeper personal interest than the Gospel of Christ, if made known to them by men changed by its power and loving its truths.

Here is the great opportunity of the A.frican Church. Here is the reason for those long yea~s of preparation and slow growth. This may explain the recent upheavals in the native Church leading to new views of its responsibility, and giving it new powers of initiative in service. But these signal movements should have a meaning for the whole Kingdom of God as well as for the African Church. '['his Church is still weak in numbers and equipment, and is still burdened with heavy responsibilities in its own local field. The burden of assuming entire

THE OUTLOOK IN MEXICO

self-support is still heavy upon it. It ought to be looked to to provide the large native agency needed for the great forward movement now called for, but it should have the warm sympathy and ready assistance of the more established churches of other lands. There should be a vital flow of prayer, love, and gifts from the whole body of the Ohrist toward this needy part.

THE OUTLOOK IN MEXICO BY MRS. JOHN W. BUTLER, MEXICO CITY A number of incidents have transpired of late in Mexico, showing the great advancement that is being made along many lines.

In May, 1901, a clandestine convent in this city was raided by policemen. One of Mexico's prominent judges was delegated to visit this house and take judicial measures in regard to it. He found the nuns very pale, their color much like wax, and their gait was feeble and wavering. They- wore sandals, tho those of their order, that of the "discalced" Carmelites, went about bare-foot, as the name indicates. Rigorous fasts and abstinences were observed and their food was the simplest kind. The vegetables were cooked without salt and must have proved very unpalatable. 'fhe beds were mostly plain boards without covering of any kind. _The nuns were obliged to attend services at three or four o'clock in the morning, and then perform the daily menial offices for themselves and for one another, besides attending to the regular duties of a religious character, such as prayer, reading, meditation, and penances. The convent had interior communication with the adjoining church, so they were enabled to attend services without passing through the streets. They heard mass from a sort of loft fronted by gratings. There were found in this building hair shirts to be worn next the skin, producing constant torture, and" disciplines" armed with lead pellets and wire hooks, with which the devotees scourged their delicate flesh. The convent was ordered to be closed. The nuns were distributed among different families of this city, till further action should be taken as to their disposal. The Church authorities must have known that this convent was in existence, and that it was carried on in defiance of the reform laws issued by Juarez in 1857, to which laws were also added in 1873 and 1877 certain additional provisions.

The one relative to convents says: "The State would not recognize monastic orders, nor permit their establishment." It was stated at the time that a scholar of the Mexican law-school denounced the edifice occupied by these nuns, under the clause which provides for the denouncement of buildings employed for unlawful purposes, and that this was a matter of great interest, for the building in question was valued at about three hundred thousand (Mexican) donars. During

this month a lawyer caused the arrest of a priest for appearing on the streets of this city wearing his soutane. The priest was taken before the governor of the district, who admonished him. This also comes under the laws of reform, as "clerical vestments were forbidden in the streets." These incidents prove that those in official capacities are bound that the laws shall be strictly put in force.

Some time during the year 1897, Mrs. Helen M. Stoddard came to Mexico and began a temperance crusade. Her time was limited, but she· visited many of the principal cities of the republic, where she organized societies, and hundreds signed the pledge. The director of the deaf and dumb institute was at one of her meetings in this city, and, at the close, he requested Mrs. Stoddard to visit the school and address the pupils. 'l'wenty-six in that institute joined and signed the pledge, paying their dues, and there was not a Protestant among them. She was greatly encouraged by the reception she received from the inmates of the Girls' State Normal School. Each government teacher responded kindly to the plan of scientific temperance instruction in the public schools. In 1899 a regularly appointed lady, Mrs. Addie N. Fields, was sent out under the auspices of the Women's Christian Union Temperance Society, and for two years has been an indefatigable worker. She has spoken in Protestant churches and schools in the principal cities here, arid has organized societies. She addressed a large audience in one of the theaters in Guanajauto, and was escorted to the different schools during her stay there by some of the prominent Mexican gentlemen. She has been cordially received by governors of different states and other gentlemen holding prominent offices, and has also been aided by an editor of one of the Mexican daily papers, who is a stanch advocate of temperance. Mrs. Fields commends the Mexican people for the active interest everywhere manifest in pushing to a practical cOllclusion the cause of temperance. Her plan of work is the training of the young people in the schools, to abstain from alcoholic liquors.

Already great things have been achieved for Protestant missions here within the past few years. When Dr. J. W. Butler first went to the City of Puebla, with his now sainted father they were escorted from their place of entertainment to a little hall, in which they purposed to open free worship, by a secret police. Again, in the evening, they had to go through the same streets. The federal government, supposing that certain threats would be carried out concerning the assassination of all the group of heretics of that day, put a cordon of soldiers entirely around the block in which the hall was situated.

The fanatics of that city threw stones over the heads of the soldiers and over their bayonets, and broke all the front windows of the hall. The American consul was present, and put his hand into his pocket and handed Dr. William Butler a handful of silver dollars and

said: "Keep on this line; I will pay for all the windows they break."

A missionary of another denomination informs us that he and some companions had occasion to visit this same city a little later, and that two of the little company of believers were killed, others wounded, and all were compelled to seek safety in flight.

Last year, in this City of Puebla, there was held a convention representing the young people of the different Protestant churches'working in Mexico, with five hundred and sixty-three accredited delegates present, and these delegates and their friends walked about the streets of that fanatical place, were entertained in various hotels, and no one was known to have been insulted. Indeed, one of the conductors of the street-car, to oblige some of the passengers, called out, "Here is the Evangelical Temple."

Probably no other movement of later years has given greater impetus to the work represented by the young people of all denominations here. They come from remote regions as representatives of a little struggling band trying to serve the Master, surrounded by those who harbor bitter hatred and animosity toward the Protestant sect. They hear the discussions on various important subjects, they join in the rally songs, they clasp hands in hearty Christian fellowship, and have pleasant intercourse.

They return to their varied fields of labor stimulated to greater activity and aroused with a burning desire to infuse in their little band of Christian followers some of the zeal displayed in the meetings of the convention. These influences will be abiding and far-reaching.

Last September we, as American citizens, were called upon to pay the last honors to our dead chief, President McKinley. There was not a more sympathetic heart than that which beat within the breast of President Porfirio Diaz, the first to pay his respects and offer words of condolence to our American ambassador and to cancel all engagements except of an official character. No church here was large enough to hold the people desirous of showing their sympathy to the American colony and nation, so an invitation to occupy another building was accepted by the committee. The building was appropriately decorated, and the service was simple and impressive. In the center of the platform sat the American ambassador, at his right President Diaz, at his left was Hon. Ignacio Mariscal, and back of these sat the cabinet ministers and the Mexican official party, and the members of the diplomatic corps and their secretaries and attaches. Hundreds of the army officers of this post, not on other duty, had received orders to present themselves for the ceremony.

The large edifice was filled to the top tier of seats in the galleries. The program opened with a prayer offered by a Presbyterian minister. The Scripture lesson was read by our pastor of the English congrega-

tion. The choir sang three of the lamented President's favorite hymns and two addresses were delivered. Hundreds of Catholics present heard for the first time the Bible read from a public platform (or may be anywhere else), and listened to a prayer offered without the use of beads, candles, rosaries, or images. To see statesmen with their chief and other distinguished citizens of a Catholic nation mingle and sympathize with the representatives of a Protestant nation most surely tendH to unite these in the bonds of love and fellowship. This expression of sympathy will aid in breaking down barriers of prejudice, for" one touch of nature makes the whole world kin."

But greater things for thanksgiving have we yet to acknowledge. A few months ago the following editorial appeared here in a daily paper printed in English: "Weare glad to learn by all authentic report that the people in this country are not only buying copies of the Bible, but are readin'g the good Book." This is truly marvelous, as this is a land where the Bible is looked upon as a prohibited book. A few years ago one was bought for forty dollars, and the owner was compelled. to keep it hidden and read it when she would not be detected. When it was finally discovered her own relatives caused her to pass through so many petty persecutions she was forced to leave them and seek the protection of her Protestant friends. Now we have the Bible sold and read and the privilege of worshiping without being molested or made afraid. Last August the informal opening of the new Mexican church in Pachuca took place. Tho the auditorium of the chapel has a seating capacity of six hundred, yet at both services the aisles and doorways were literally blocked.

The service was attended by the resident Governor of the State of Hidalgo and his staff. When the collection-plate was passed the governor placed a bill upon it, which gladdened the hearts of the official brethren as well as the ministers present. He also attended the memorial service held in the new English church.

A glorious day is dawning for Mexico.

MR. MOTT AND JAPANESE STUDENTS BY REV. R. B. PEERY, PH.D., LUTHERAN MISSION, SAGA, JAPAN Author of " The Gist of Japan"

In response to repeated requests from the Student Christian Union of Japan the secretary of the World's Student Christian Federation, Mr. John R. Mott, recently visited this field for an evangelistic campaign among students. He arrived September 23d, and remained just four weeks. During this short time he accomplished a vast amount of work, holding eighteen evangelistic meetings in the widely separated cities of Sendai, Tokyo, Kyoto,. Osaka, Okayama, Kumamoto, and Nagasaki. The meetings were attended by 11,580 persons, mostly

MR. MOTT AND JAPANESE STUDENTS

young men. Mr. Mott also held fourteen meetings for Christian workers, speaking to more than eleven hundred missionaries, pastors and evangelists.

Most careful preparation was made for this campaign. Before sailing for Japan a circle of, tried friends in all lands agreed to unite'~l in prayer for this mission in the East, and this circle followed th~ik progress of the work daily at the throne of grace. PraJt~r cards we.l'~T also issued in Japan, both in Japanese and English, containing a state:?; ment of work to be done, and asking for daily prayer for special ' objects. These cards were sent out to many workers, and thus numerous prayers were offered daily for the success of the work. In addition, a committee was appointed in each of the cities where meetings were to be held to make all needed arrangements and carefully look after details. The great blessing vouchsafed to this movement was largely due to these two causes-earnest, world-wide prayer, and most careful and painstaking preparation.

-The actual results of the work among the students were many and far reaching. First and best, 1,464 persons gave their names as deciding to accept Christ, and desirous of being further instructed in the truth. More than one thousand of these were students. Care~ul precautions were taken that the people might clearly understand just what the step meant, and doubtless most of them are in earnest. 'l'hese evangelistic meetings were conducted as follows: First, there was a stirring address to awaken a sense of sin and the need of strength to conquer it; second, an after-meeting to which all interested were invited to remain and hear more fully of the way of salvation, at which meeting the people were urged to accept Christ as their personal Lord and Savior, and all who where willing to take this step were asked to sign their names and addresses on blanks prepared for that purpose; lastly, the people who signed their names were then taken into a smaller and quieter room, where Mr. Mott gave them sympathetic counsel as to the necessity of cutting loose from all sin, resisting temptation, confessing Christ, enduring persecution, engaging in daily prayer, being diligent in Bible study, uniting with the associations, joining the Church, and enlisting in active service for the Master.

The importance of careful instruction and nourishment for these young converts and inquirers was fully recognized and means provided for its accomplishment. In each city where meetings were held a committee was immediately appointed to superintend this work. The inquirers were then classified and assigned to churches or organizations for visitation and instruction. Bible classes were at once organized for them, and large numbers are now studying God's Word, which "is able to make them wise unto salvation." Most of t,hose connected with schools at once united with the students' Christian associations, and the membership of these organizations has been very

greatly increased. Already not a few, who had previously been instructed in the way of God by missionaries and pastors, have been baptized and brought into the fold.

Besides the great interest aroused in Ohristianity on the part of the students and others, and the large number of inquirers, Mr. Mott's corning had a direct influence upon the regular mission workers of this country. A remarkable conference for workers was held in Tokyo (October 3-6), which was made up of delegates from the Student and Oity associations, prominent Christian educators, and some leading pastors and missionaries. Mr. Mott made inspiring addresses on " The Work of the Student Federation," "Importa"nce of Bible Study," " Ohristians of Reality," "The Evangelistic Spirit," and " Personal Work." Other prominent speakers were Presidents Honda, of Aoyama; Ibuka, of Meiji Gakuin, and Motoda, of the Episcopal College; the Hon. K. Kataoka, President of the Lower House; United States Minister, Oolonel Buck; pastors U emura, Kozaki, and Harada; and the leading penologist of Japan, K. Tomeoka, Esq.* Mr. Mott, being an outsider and of world-wide reputation, was able to enter places and do work that is beyond the reach of the resident mIsslOnary. He was the first distinctively Ohristian worker to be invited to speak in the Tokyo Imperial Univer..sity. There he addressed four hundred students with wonderful feeling and power, taking as his subject" The Influence of Ohristianity on the Students of All Lands." The same address was repeated in the government colleges at Sendai and Kumamoto, and to the Kyoto Educational Council. Thus the fact was brought before many students and educators of Japan that Christianity is not a worn-out faith, fit only for old women and children, but that it is a living, active faith, commanding the allegiance of some of the strongest and most scientific minds of the world. A recognition of this fact can not but prepare the way for an honest consideration of the claims of Ohristianity.

Among the indirect results of Mr. Mott's visit. should be mentioned 1 better understanding of the association idea, and a greater appreciation of the movement on the part of some pastors and teachers. The relation of the Young Men's Ohristian Association to the Ohurch was also made clear, and some fears along that line were allayed. Japanese Ohristians are profoundly grateful to God for sending His servant among them, and giving such convincing evidence of the unchanged power of the old Gospel story, when plainly and forcibly told, to convince and convict men, and bring them to the foot of the cross.

* There was some criticism due to the fact that such old and -el<perienced missionaries as Drs. Davis, DeForest, Soper, Hail, and others who were present were given no opportunity to speak, bnt spent the three or four days simply listening to addresses, many of them by young and !l0mparatively inexperienced men. Only one missionary had a place on the program.

all the other speakers being Japanese. But where there is so milch to praise it seems unkind to bl~me.-R. B. P,

A GREAT CONVENTION OF EDUCATED CHINESE

A GREAT CONVENTION OF EDUCATED CHINESE BY R. E. LEWIS, M.A., GE:'S"ERAL SECRETARY, SHANGHAI At a recent convention of the College Young Men's Christian Asso- ciation of China, held at Nanking, a new watch-cry was sounded out by the fraternal delegates from Japan and Korea, which filled the con- vention with emotion-" Asia for God."

The convention (November 7-10) was attended by one hundred and seventy regular delegates, and, in addition, by five hundred Ohinese pastors, students, and laymen. The Christian work in the colleges of Hong Kong, Ohina, Korea, and Japan was represented. Never had there been such a carefully selected inter-lingual gathering of Chinese -for it was chiefly a Chinese gathering. Fourteen denominations, six languages, and thirty-three colleges had sent delegates, many of whom had come up through the baptism of blood. Between thirty and forty college presidents and professors (Europeans) were present, and were of great service to the convention.* One of the most important items of business to come before the convention was a resolution proposed by a representative committee of educators, and approved, as follows: As a convention we press upon the attention of the International Committee of the Young Men's Christian Association the immensity of the field offered for Christian work among students in China, and the special openings for such work afforded by the present state of affairs in the coup-try.

One-fourth of the students of the world live in China. This fact is in itself a powerful appeal. Is it too much to ask that a number of men of no ordinary faith and ability be sent out to China to give themselves to the work of reaching these students, especially since the vast majority of these students have no contact with Western education, and beyond the preparation and distriqution of some valuable literature, the Church has done but little for them? The recent reforms in governmental examinations will bring tens of thousands of students into contact with new thoughts and ideas, and thereby render them peculiarly susceptible' to Christian influence. Now, therefore, is the time to grapple with this work.

Mr. John R. Mott came to this national convention direct from Peking, where about three hundred and fifty survivors of the Martyr Church of Chih-Ii had been in a special conference for the deepening *Among those who took part in the gathering were: Mr. John R Mott, Secretary of the World's Student Christian Federation; President D. Z. Sheffield, D.D., of North China College; President O. F. Wisner, D.D., of Canton College; Rev. Dr. Timothy Richard, of the Society of Diffusion of Christian and General Kno~ledge; President D. L. Anderson, D.D., of Tung Wu College, Suchau; Rev. D. R Hoste, Acting Director-General of the China Inland Mission; Rev. G. G. Warren, of the English Wesleyan Mission; Rev. J. Walter Lowrie, RA., of Paoting fu; Rev. J. C. Garrett, B.A., of Hangchau; Rev. W. L. Beard, RA., Principal of the Fuchau Theological Seminary; Rev. L. H. Roots, B.A., of Hankow; Rev. Robert Fitcb, RA., of Ningpo, and many others. The vice-presidents of the convention, Dr. Wan, of Hong Kong, and Professor Ding, of Fuchau,as well as the secretaries, Professors Sen, of Wuchang, and Zia, of Shanghai, represented the new life of China. The music was conducted by Mr. S. K. Dzau, Chinese Secretary of the Shanghai Association. Special messages were sent to the convention by Bishop Moule, of the Cbristian Missionary Society, and by Bishop Moore, of the AmericaD Methodist Episcopal Church.-R, E. L.

of the spiritual life. The delegates from the north brought to Nanking a new experience. Their testimony as to the" Cost of Evangelizing China" and to "God's Sustaining Power in the Midst of Persecution" was emphasized by such sacrifices as few people in America can comprehend. Mr. Mott's use of an interpreter seemed rather to help than to hinder his effectiveness. And the Chinese were ready for the call to new life and to new activity in behalf of China.* A spirit of expectancy was a dominant characteristic of this convention. There was no pessimism in the prayers or addresses. All thinking men were convinced that a day of great things is dawning in China. The Christian colleges in China are being crowded to the doors by new students. The viceroys and governors of eight of the provinces have started, or are about to start, new government colleges on Western lines. Recent imperial edicts have abolished the old "Wen-chang" test in the civil-service examinations, and substituted theses on modern themes. 'fhis affects over five hundred thousand students this year. Since the Boxer troubles edicts especially favorable to Christianity have been widely distributed. The sifting of the Church has freed it from the chaff, and those who have paid the price of being known as Christians are now prepared for greater things in His name. "China for God," " Asia for God," were not mere bursts of enthusiasm, but the diapason of united and great resolves.

The association convention was attended by delegates of fifteen different denominations, and was an example to the Chinese of visible unity. Another proof of the importance of the work was found in the fact that the missionaries located at Hankow, Fuchau, and Peking sent urgent requests that trained general secretaries be sent out from home to organize associations among the various classes of young men at these great centers. The International Committee will find it difficult to refuse to man these cities, each of which represents about a million inhabitants. t 'fhe present secretarial force must be largely increased if the association movement in China is to occupy the field to which it is earnestly invited by the missionaries and by the Chinese. Not only the three above-mentioned cities must have men, but also, as the resolution previously cited indicates, many of the other provincial capitals. It was felt that at least all cities in China of a million people should have residential association secretaries.

* The nature of the convention may be best seen in the subjects of some of the addresses: "The Literati and the Regeneration of the Empire," "The Christian Teacher as an Evangelizing Force,~' HHow to Reach the Gentry," H The Young Men of the Great Port Cities," H Dangers and Possibilities in the Evangelization of China," H The Price of Evangelization," H The Secret of Success and Failure in Making the Christian College a Source of Supply for the Christian Ministry," "The Importance of Devotional Bible Study."

t The present secretaries in China are: Messrs. F. S. Brockman, B.A.,' National Secretary, Nanking; D. Willard Lyon, B.A., Editorial Secretary, until recently at Peking; Robert R. Gailey, M.A., General Secretary, Tien-tsin; W. J. Southam, B.A., General Secretary, Hong. kong; Philip L. Gillett, B.A., General Secretary, Korea, Seoul; Dr. H. O. Barrie, Secretary Foreign Department, Shanghai; Robert E. Lewis, M.A., General Secretary, Shanghai.

SELF-SUPPORT IN MISSION WORK

It is agreed by all thinking men that the thorough evangelizing of China largely depends upon Chinese leadership. This is a. nation where education is the sine qua non of leadership. The Church of God waits for Chinese who are both spirit filled and well trained. Herein is the great opportunity of this student Ohristiau organization -to train and bring forward for the Church men whom she can trust as leaders. The greatest single lack in China has been Chinese of faith, zeal, and ability who would enter the ministry. On every side this is acknowledged to be a greater problem than securing an adequate force of foreign missionaries. We have as yet had very few men like Pastor Hsi. May God raise up His Chinese Wesley, Moody, aud Lightfoot. China has already sacrificed her Huss and her Latimer on the altar of heathen fanaticism. After the sowing of life comes the harvest of lives.

SELF- SUPPORT IN MISSION WORK REV. CHARLES BISHOP, JAPAN Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church In mission work in every land the question of self-support is a problem they have to face as soon as a native is set to preaching. Many methods have been employed to secure the support of the native pastor from the native church, sometimes with considerable show of success. But the beginning of the twentieth century finds this still an unsolved problem, and also a great lack of unanimity on the part of mission workers as to how that desired end is to be accomplished. If a goodly number of missionaries from any field were to be set down in an entirely new work to start de novo, some of them would want it understood from the beginning that no mission money would be paid to native helpers, but that they must look for it from the native Christians. This is doubtless the nearest to a solution of the problem that has yet been reached. The trouble with it is, that it is so slow a method of building up a native Church that few missionaries, and few missionary societies, have the patience to wait long enough to see whether it is going to succeed or not.

Some would spend all the money available for evangelistic work, relying on great numbers to finally take over the support of their pastor. Plausible as this may seem, it is a fact that after mission money has been once freely used it takes the native churches as long to awake to the responsibility that rests upon them of taking up the support of their pastors as it takes those churches which have never received any money to grow in numbers sufficient to make a strong Church, and so probably far into the present century both methods will have their advocates.

Perhaps a greater number will try to strike a golden mean somewhere between these two extremes, using mission money to supplement what the natives pay toward the support of their pastors. But while this is still an unsolved problem, some general principles have gradually become apparent that promise to be of value in the working out of the task the Church has undertaken. It is true, especially in a country like Japan, that the more nearly independent the Church is as to its relation to the foreign Church the greater interest the natives are likely to have in self-support. And, on the other hand, it has become apparent that those who have little or no organic connection with the foreign Church are more likely to depart from orthodox lines and fail to administer proper discipline, being either too careless, or, very likely, unnecessarily strict and severe. In the third place, the churches must have something more than the mere name of being self-supporting to hold them up to the constant effort necessary to collect the money required to carryon the work month after month and year after year. There must be some qtlid pro qtW, some advantage to be gained by becoming self-supporting.

In this respect the Methodist Church is lacking, in that a selfsupporting church has no advantage over one partially or even wholly supported by the missionary society. The General Conference has not made provision to meet the necessity of providing some adequate inducement for a mission church to struggle on up to the selfsupport line, and probably because a majority of its lawmakers have believed that as quickly as expedient the churches in foreign lands should become independent. 'l'his is the ultimate goal of the churches raised up bOy the missionary societies in foreign countries. There is a wide-spread feeling at this time among the various branches of the Methodist Church in Japan that in the near future they will unite, and as the only possible basis for such a union is one independent of all foreign churches, they desire to form an independent Japanese Methodist Olturch.

Recognizing the necessity for some such inducement as that referred to above, to stimulate the churches to strive for self-support, they propose to grade the churches according to their standing in selfsupport, giving those wholly self-supporting, full rights and privileges including that of a lay member in the annual conference. Those churches which have at least twenty members and pay all current expenses and at least half their pastor's salary shall be termed aided cJwrclies, and shall be entitled to a lay advisory member in the annual conference. The third and lowest class shall be made up of those contributing less than the above amount, and are under the control of their respective missions. Here an inducement is provided to stimulate the assisted churches to become self-supporting.

The churches have for some time been making encouraging progress

THE NEW CENTURY OUTLOOK IN PERSIA

toward self-support, but it is because of the continual efforts of the missionaries along that line, together with that of some zealous pastors and a few laymen, and not because of any wide-spread desire on the part of the rank and file of the membership.

When this new movement is consummated, which can not be for some years yet, as it must be approved by the general conferences of the various Methodist churches at work in Japan, we may expect to see a marked advance in self-support.

And yet it is not likely to speedily do away with assisted churches, for this is essentially the same method adopted by the united body of Presbyterians several years ago; and while they have made fair advancement, still the mass of the churches move toward self-support slowly, and occasionally retrogression to a lower class is witnessed in spite of all that can be done to prevent it.

But, on the whole, the Japanese Ohurch is progressing in influence year by year much faster than it is in members, and if there are any discouraged missionaries they are few indeed. We are now at the close of the first generation of mission work in Japan, and enough has been accomplished in that time to lead one to predict that by the end of another generation the missionary societies will have largely withdrawn from the country, and not only that, but they will have found faithful allies in the Japanse Ohurch in the work in other parts of Asia. God grant it may be so.

THE NEW CENTURY OUTLOOK IN PERSIA-II BY REV., BENJAMIN LABAREE, D.D., URUMIA, PERSIA Missionary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions Let us now look at another chapter in the missionary history of Persia, disconnected from that we have been considering, unique, and yet showing charaeteristics of the same type.

More than another third of the century went by after the American mission was established and anew factor in the Divine plan for the redemption of Persia began to unfold itself. A wholly new mission was inaugurated in the south of the kingdom. English missionaries were moved, on independent lines, by various strange providences, to begin work at Ispahan; missionaries of the Ohurch Missionary Society, that society which in such a marvelous degree seems to be indwelt by the spirit of life. The Rev. Robert Bruce, D.D., had come from India to Ispahan to revise the translation of the Persian Scriptures, and had become impressed with the supreme opportunity opening before him for preaching the Gospel to the Persians of southern Persia. His society responded to his fervent and persistent appeals very cautiously at first, as was proper, but later accepted the new scheme as a Divine call with ardor and liberality. Space does not

allow us to describe how under stress of high cOllvictions and a lofty faith they have met and sustained the weighty responsibilities of this Divine movement, nor to point out the many indications of the Divine generalship which has shaped their labors, nor to touch upon their hard-won, heartening victories in the Master's name. It is a record to stimulate Christian faith and courage.

Among other tokens of the Divine favor should be mentioned the benediction of that man of rare godliness and consecration, Bishop Valpy French, of India, who visited the mission officially, and later on, aflame with zeal for the evangelization of the Moslem, laid down his life on the coast of Arabia, in sight of Persian shores. The mantle of this ascended prophet fell upon his beloved friend, the venerable Bishop-Stuart, who, at an advanced age, renounced his New Zealand bishopric and came to Persia in order to enter iuto his sainted brother bishop's work of preaching to Mohammedans. With such and similar evidences of the Divine force pervading and controlling their great undertaking, this southern mission has steadily pressed on its way, with a grand disregard to the possible and actual obstacles confronting them. Under the same impulse of expansion which we have seen working in the American missions at the north, from their one first station at Ispahan, it has reached out and planted the beacon-fires of the Gospel in the cities of Kirman, Yezd, and Shiraz, in all which ordained missionaries and missionary physicians are now doing heroic work. Patiently and tactfully they are radiating out the light of an evangelical Christianity throughout the provinces of the kingdom, dispelling darkness and hostility to the Christian faith.

And here the Church of Christ stands in Persia on the threshold of the twentieth century. It were possible to sum up this cursory review with an interesting exhibition of statistics: of missionaries on the field, of churches formed and their communicant members, of schools of different grades established, of hospitals and dispensaries in beneficent operation, of the numbers of the Holy Scriptures put in circulation; but these are not so much to the point. The great fact is that this missionary force of the Church of Christ in occupation here is animated by a consciousness of a Divine history behind it, of a present Divine enduement of power, and of an imperative calLfrom the Spirit of the Lord to go forward. It remains for us to make an estimate of its special equipment for this forward movement. What is the· inventory of its inheritances Hom the nineteenth century? Let us note some of the main items.

1. First in this enumeration we must mention the rnission history simply and alone. The bare facts of the history are a treasure of inestimable value in any forecast of the future. They are the tokens of a Divine energy, the revelations of a Divine will, the links in a Divine plan pointing forward to a future glorification of God's great compre-

THE NEW CENTURY OUTLOOK IN PERSIA

hensive purpose. 'fhey are more than merely auspicious omens of coming achievements; they are the veritable seeds of an assured future spiritual harvest. Like produces like-a law as true in the spiritual world as in the natural. What the Holy Spirit has done the Holy Spirit may be expected to do again. The perpetuating power of the Holy Spirit is the main confidence of the foreign missionary. The apostles witnessed to the wonderful facts they had personally known, and so the whole world became filled with a: glorious Ohristjanity.

The nineteenth century sends its witnesses of the Holy Spirit's doings in Persia down into the twentieth century, and the enlargement of Ohrist's kingdom among these people is the certain result we anticipate. For the facts are of the same genus as those which have been the seed of the Church since the apostles' day. Nor have these things been done in a corner. They are not on the record book of the missionary simply. How dense ignorance of Ohristian truth among so-called Ohristians has given way to Ohristian intelligence, how evil lives have been transformed into lives of sweetness and spiritual power, aud how well-ordered churches with their ratioual forms of worship have sprung up all through the mission fields, even the Moslem world of.Persia bears unsolicited testimony. How one Nestorian of lowly birth and humble education, Kasha Yacob Dilakoff, mighty in faith and spiritual power, gave his life to the spread of evangelical truth in the Russian empire, thousands of evangelical Stundists in that country to-day bear grateful witness. The steadfast devotion to the Lord Jesus of Mirza Ibrahim, a convert from Islam, and his violent death in prison in consequence, are facts which have been reverberated throughout this Mohammedan state. The unflinching loyalty to Ohrist of another convert from Islam, a beloved and skilful physician now living, has compelled Moslem princes and governors, in admiration of his character, to defend him against Moslem fanaticism. The results of labors done by native missionaries, young men and women of transformed lives entering into the dark places of Persia and Kurdistan, are recorded in the changed n.orals and religious practices of whole communities. Enriched by such experiences pulsating with the Divine indwelling, encompassed by such a panoply of fresh, new evidences of the vitalizing power of the blessed Gospel preached, the missionary work in Persia has stepped forth into the arena of the twentieth century with an unconquerable confidence as to the enlarged triumphs before it.

2. As a second item in the legacy of the nineteenth century to the twentieth here in Persia let us put down the new stcttus of Ohristianity before tlte Persian naNon. The sympathetic Ohristian believer will not find it difficult to accept the statement, which we make with great emphasis, that during these more than threescore years of missionary presence and teaching in the country a far juster and nobler

conc,eption of the Ohristian religion has taken possession of the Persian mind than has ever had lodgment there in all the preceding centuries. We do not mean to imply that the change of sentiment has been universal, nor that the old Moslem supercilious regard for the Ohristian is anywhere totally eradicated. The deep-seated prejudices of the Shiah Moslem toward the infidel Ohristian, hoary with age, and manifested in many irritating social customs, are still rife. But in the important centers of missionary operations, and wherever Ohristian preachers have gone, a wide breach has been made in these ..prejudices, and a distinctly higher respect for the Ohristian and his religion has taken root. Graduates of mission schools, and even plain church-members, as Ohristian evangelists and colporteurs, circulating among the Mohammedan populations, have greatly surprised them by their intelligence, their grasp of spiritual truths, and their vigor of Ohristian argmp.ent. Such men are now given a cordial welcome almost everywhere they may go, and their message is listened to with respect and even unfeigned interest, in striking contrast with the conditions they were exposed to fifty years ago.

While writing these pages, one of our excellent preachers, stationed in a city at some distance from here,h3os related how on his recent journey hither he was overtaken on the road by a very intelligent governor of an adjacent province, atten4ed with a large retinue. The nobleman from a distance recognized the Nestorian preacher as one who had some weeks previously visited his home with some missionaries. Spurring his horse forward he greeted him most cordially, and riding with him for a half hour referred to the earnest Ohristian discussions at his house, urgently requesting the preacher or Ohrist to ma~e him soon another visit to continue the conversation. At another prominent city this summer, the eminent governor, after receiving with distinguished courtesy a little company of Ohristian evangelists passing through the place, turned to some thirty or forty ecclesiastics assembled at his court, and told them frankly that unless they reformed their manners and their teachings their Moslem followers would aU sooner or later desert them to become Ohristians or something else. Earlier in the season a cOhple of Ohristian colporteurs, one a Nestorian with some medical skill, the other a converted Israelite, found themselves most hospitably received and entertl}ined by Moslems of rank in many villages on their circuit. And every opportunity was given them to preach the way of life through Ohrist to all comers. Their hosts, too, manifested not a little pleasure when their own Mollas were discomfited in argument by these Ohristians. Their tact in discussion, their simple forms of devotion at their meals and other times, and their conspicuous uprightness of life left behind them a profound impression in favor of the faith they taught.

As to the preaching of the foreign missionary, it is ever reaching

THE NEW CENTURY OUTLOOK IN PERSIA

out to .increasing numbers, and is listened to with deepening respect aud interest. Quite recently a missionary was allowed to preach in a Mohammedan mosque, where several hundreds of worshIpers were present, and was given the most courteous attention.

Thus, beyond all question, Christianity in Persia occupies now a vantage-ground which it did not half a century ago. It is no longer a dead, voiceless creed; it is vital, outspoken, aggressive. It com- mands a growing attention. Communities of evangelical Christians are leavening their Moslem neighborhoods with new ideals of Christian integrity, pnrity, and truthfulness. Especially are the Moslem women discovering the nobler position accorded to their sex under the Christian religion and covet the privileges it extends.

But perhaps no form of missionary service has affected the Persians more favorably toward Christianity than the philanthropic character of the Ohristian physician. 'rhe phenomenal success which has been vouchsafed by God to all medical missionary work has served to place the religion of the physician on a lofty pedestal. Known widely among the masses, he stands not only as the impersonation of Divinely given skill, but also of unsullied integrity and exhaustless benevolence. We would emphasize the weight of character which the Persian associates with the professional qualities of the missionary doctor. Does the Shah want a specially confidential family physician? He solicits the services of his well-tried friends, Dr. Holmes or Dr. Oochran.. Does he, on his accession to the throne, require a most trustworthy medical man to accompany his family from Tabriz to Teheran? It is Dr. Vanneman he invites to assume the delicate responsibility. Dr. White, by invitation, visits Kirman to attend the family of the governor, meets with signal success, and immediately friendly relations are established with the leading ecclesiastic functionaries, and among the foremost to se,ek the doctor's help are the very persons who had previously assured the acting governor that if he did not bring about a cessation of Ohristian work in Kirman they would take summary measures to do it themselves.

What an outlook we get here for the progress of Ohristianity in Persia in the future. How much of high prestige it has acquired for itself during the eentury past. Belief in the superior purity of its uncorrupted doctrines, in its essentially spiritual nature, in its unselfish, beneficent aims, in the elevating character of Christian education, its kindlier consideration of women, now so widely lodged in the land, is bound to spread, compelling increasing reverence for the holy founder of the Ohristian faith.

3. A third gain for Ohristianity in the past century, from which the future evangelization of Persia is to reap vast advantage, is the extensive dtstributwn of the Bible among the reading classes. At great pains and large expense have the Bible societies secured very

accurate translations of the Christian Scriptures in the several lan- guages of the country, and have put them in the hands of the various populations. It has been a work of grand faith. Large present results could not be expected. But of momentous returns in the future there has been the sublimest confidence. What that later harvest is to be, there are already accumulating signs. Clearly there is an increasing attention to these holy books. On his recent visit to Urumia, Prof. D. S. Margoliouth, of Oxford, England, met a number of the Babi sect for the purpose of learning something of their tenets, and was struck with their large acquaintance with the Persian Bible. He afterward remarked to the writer, in substance, that he often had questioned the utility of the work of the Bible societies in these lands, but that now his eyes had been opened to its importance. Even tho this search of the Old and New Testaments lacks the desired candor, there seemed to him an immense gain in this increasing contact with Christian truth, as preparing the way for an acceptance of genuine Christian doctrine by many.

This is a more hopeful view than is taken by many observers of the Babi movement. And yet, who dare assert that it is not founded on the everlasting promise of our Almighty God, "My word shall not return unto me void"? We range ourselves upon the optimistic side of the problem. We can not believe that this extensive distribution of the life-giving Word, with its thrilling story of consecrated human toil and Divine interpositions, has not been a material part of God's comprehensive plan for the undermining of Mohammedanism. We believe this entrance into God's truth means its increased efficacy, and the increase of saving light. Babism is a protest against Mohammedan stagnation of thought and ecclesiastical tyranny. Only another false light itself, yet it will, we believe, serve to point the way to the true Light. This study of the widely Hcattered copies of the Persian Bible is a swelling tide of hope for the millions now groping their way in pitiful darkness.

4. In the fourth place, we must recognize a distinct ad vantage for Christianity at the outset of the twentieth century in the accurmdated momentum of the forces arrayed here for tOts extension. Our great confidence as to its future triumphs is not that a vast amount of energy is at present in exercise to carry it on, but that this energy has a cumulative power. Every decade witnesses an increase of the momentum with which each arm of the service strikes the opposing forceso Gospel preaching covers a wider territory, rising in ardor and hopefulness. The Church becomes more compactly organized and puts on a bolder front. The influence of Christian education broadens out. The press multiplies its silent and potent agencieso The medical service wins the friendliness of new populations, and secures a heightened respect for the principles underlying it. The spiritual

THE NEW CENTURY OUTLOOK IN PERSIA

momentum of all these forces is a towering fact, and it must be taken into account in our forecast of the future. Mr. Speer, in his address before the Presbyterian General Assembly, speaks of "the sweep and onset of those Divine forces that are lodged of God in the enterprise of missions." And certainly something vastly higher than the breath, and push, and purse of enthusiastic human leaders is demanded in explanation of this irresistible and ever-accelerating force so constantly in evidence. Says Dr. George A. Gordon of the missionary work of the nineteenth century: "The scheme is alive with the humanity of Christ.." It is sublimely true. There is a correlative truth of equal majesty and import, however: it is that the scheme is alive with the ind wellin g and energizing Spirit of God. The imminent power of God is the secret of its mighty onward roll. The true seer of the Lord discovers the fact through the whole unfolding of the enterprise. He humbly recognizes it as dominating his own subordinate schemes and efforts.' It is the spring of all his enthusiasm and confidence. It is his inspiration in times of seeming failure.

It is true that as yet no great breach has been made here in Persia upon the strongholds of Mohammedanism. Yet beyond question the impact of Christian truth has shaken the defenses of Islam and given its leaders anxiety. The preaching of high Christian morality has opened the eyes of multitudes to the prevailing rottenness of Moslem ethics. Said an intelligent Mussulman to a native Christian recently, ., Our religion is corrupt, is doomed; you Protestants must go steadily forward." Babism proclaims the need to graft the higher Christian moralities upon the teachings of the Koran. Precious martyr blood has testified to the inestimable power of the great truth of Christ crucified over Persian Mohammedans hungering after fellowship with God.

Such results are not only the earnest of others like them, but are God-spoken prophecies of a greatly accelerated progress in the divinely ordained and God-directed cause. Have new doors been forced open in the past for the wider spread of the Gospel? They will multiply as the new century advances. Has the last century witnessed most impressive interpositions of Divine Providence for the protection of His servants and the prospering of their labors? The new century will certainly be starred with an ever-increasing display of such. Have the workers often been startled by the sudden springing to the surface of fresh sources of power-welcome reenforcements from remote quarters, converging upon their pathway? The continuity of the Divine control of the missionary work from first to last assures them that their candlestick shall never cease to receive such mysterions supplies.

In this retrospect of missionary work in Persia and the attempt to calculate its forces for future victories, there is no inclination to deny

that there are some dark features in the outlook-barriers of serious magnitude. Moslem fanaticism is one of them. But the faith-filled Zerubbabels of a near generation will most certainly see this mountain become a plain. The incursion of the Russian Church and Russian political power is another baffling factor. But we feel sure that the Divine strategy which held back this irruption of gross formality, superstition, and repression until Protestant missions had got well intrenched on the soil will not allow these new conditions to prevent the final triumph of a pure Christianity. Protestant missions may meet reverses, bu t not the eternal Kingdom of our Lord Jesus.

It is no dream-work that recognizes in this mission history the Divine ladder reaching from earth to the open heavens, whither the angels of God are ascending with human prayers and offerings, and descending as Divine providences for the guidance and inspiration of the favored cross-bearers in dreary lands. If there be a spiritual world outside of this where we live, its reality has nowhere been more impressively demonstrated than in the toils and hopes of the foreign mIssIOnary. And the Persian missionary field has enjoyed its full share of the evidences. It is "by these things men live" in the missionary service, and by these shall they win the world to Christ.

THE EVOLUTION OF A CHINESE BOXER REV. JOHN ROSS, D.D., MUKDEN, MANCHURIA Missionary of the Scotch Presbyterian Church "I will give you the ascension" is the phrase with which a man offers to initiate another into Boxerdom. The speaker is a senior, preferably a teacher addressing a pupil, or a master or other employer addressing a junior subordinate. Almost invariably the person to be initiated is a young lad of from fourteen to twenty years of age. If he is willing he is made to stand, each foot on the sign of a cross, facing southeast. The tips of each forefinger and thumb are brought together to form a circle. The other fingers are folded back on each other toward the forefinger. These apertures the novice places against his eyes, which, however, he is told to close. They remain closed during the whole process.

The teacher then goes to the side of the youth speaking gently towards the ear: Strike heaven, heaven's door opens; Strike earth, earth's door comes. Wishing to attain the Spirit-Fist ability You have but to invite the teacher.

·In Chinese the rhyme and rhythm are in five syllables. After repeating the rhyme the teacher breathes into the ear. He then goes to the other side, performing the same ceremony. He goes from side to side, repeating the entire process continuously, till the youth sud-

THE EVOLUTION OF A CHINESE BOXER

denly throws up his arms and falls backward to the "ground in a swoon.

While on his back some one asks him, "Who are you?" He replies, his eyes still closed, giving the name of one of the numerous shen or inferior deities of China. This shen is supposed to be incarnated in the youth while he is in his ecstatic condition, and he is afterward known by the name of the spirit; he is, in fact, a medium.

In a little while he is able to stand np, but his eyes remain closed. He begins furiously to fling his arms about in wild gesticulations, Boxer fashion. He strikes violently against whatever comes in his way. He is indifferent to wounds thus inflicted. His knuckles may be cut and his hands bleeding, but he performs in the same wild manner. At length a bystander goes up to him, and with the opened palm of his hand strikes him a smart slap on the forehead, saying aloud to the spirit, "Return." The youth opens his eyes and looks around him. On being asked what were his experiences, he replies that he "does not know." He is his usual self till the same exercises are repeated, when he becomes again blind, wild, and insensible to his surroundings.

After several days he is able to keep his eyes open. He then becomes a perfect Boxer. After every trance he shouts or yells in an inhuman voice, terrifying to the hearers, "Slta I" (Kill!) " Shao I" (Burn). " Kill the demon and burn his belongings! "

During the first few trances a cotton girdle is given' him, which he whirls about like a rope. Then he receives a millet stalk reed, which he flings about like a sword. When his eyes are open and he is "accomplished," he has a real sword of a formidable nature given him.

'rhis sword is supposed to have a magical character and supernatural qualities. It recognizes – or smells (?)-a foreigner, or any native connected with the foreigner. This sword is believed t.o fly at this hateful foreign thing and cut off its head. Unquestionably many of the foolish youths believed in this power of scrutiny, with the result that many were beheaded as Christians who knew nothing of Christianity, and some Christians passed the ordeal unscathed. My own belief is that evidence of fear was regarded as assurance of guilt. Some Christians against whose neck the sharp edge of the sword was laid, showing no signs of fear, were allowed to go without a word asked. Questions were not required in these cases of extreme enthusiasm. The test of the eye was enough.

The novices who passed through this process say that for a time they feit nothing. Some, when under the operation for a long time, were found to be incapable of receiving the spirit-influence. But these, when permitted to open their eyes, mentioned that they felt "stupid," which is easily accounted for by their long mental and physical strain in one position. Others did not feel even stupid. But

those who were the" elect" had a totally different experience. For a time there was no effect whatever. But after a period of greater or less duratioll-each individual being influenced differently-the con- tinuous chantings and breathings produced a tingling sensation at the heels ·which gradually crept up the leg and the spine. When it touched the back of the lleck the youth fell down-the process was ~ complete.

All this goes to show that Boxerism is another name for what has under many descriptions deceived the foolish for centuries. It appeared even among the solid Anglo-Saxons lately as spiritualism and recently as hypnotism, and under other names.

The completed Boxer unbinds his long pig-tail and ties a red piece of cloth on his head. He has red trousers and special boots. He wields his formidable sword in a special way, and delights in blood as did the frenzied executioners in the dark days of the French Revo- lution.

He was univerrlally believed to be able to distinguish a Ohristian at a glance. On the head of the applicant for baptism he saw three drops of glistening water; on the forehead of the baptized Ohristian, above and between the eyes, he saw the sign of the cross as if burnt into the skin; and in the same place in the matured Ohristian he saw the image of Ohrist. Not only did the pagan population believe all this almost without an exception, but not a few of our less-instructed Ohristians, of whQm necessarily there are very many, were in mOl'e or less serious doubt as to the supernatural powers of the youth who lorded it over officials and people for a considerable period.

One of our Mukden Ohristians informed me that when he wafl escaping he suddenly, on the highway, came across a band of Boxers in their flaming garments and with their bared swords. One sprang before him like a wild beast, his eyes blazing like a madman, and the great sharp sword raised to strike. Thus he glared into the eyes of the Ohristian without a word or a movement. He then said: "He is not a Ohristian, he may go." '1'he man told me he experienced no fear. Indeed, nothing has surprised me more in the numerous stories I have heard than the absolute lack of fear on the part of large numbers of our Ohristians when they believed, as in this case, any moment might cut off their heads. The number I have already seen who were sentenced to death and escaped, by what seems to them a miracle and the immediate interposition of God, is very great. The fearlessness they all ascribe to the" merciful work of God."

The Boxers for the time being ceased to be human beings. In Mukden lads of fourteen and fifteen were seen going through the streets with a bleeding sword in one hand and a bleeding man's head in the other. It w&s certainly the hour and the power of darkness. "Forty days of temptation had the Ohurch, as had our Lord," I have heard repeatedly. For that was the period of the mad reign of the Boxers, when every official-from the viceroy down-and every authority had to bow before those youths. But at length the immense proportion of wicked scoundrels who made the movement their tool not only robbed all who could be in any way ~ccused of friendship with the foreigner, but demanded arms and used threats. Then the viceroy ordered the soldiers against them, and in a few days their power was gone and many of their leaders were executed. Then came the Russians and deliverance to the Ohristians.

LI HUNG CHANG AND CHRISTIAN MISSIONS

LI HUNG CHANG AND CHRISTIAN MISSIONS * BY ROBERT E. SPEER, NEW YORK It is not possible to believe that Li Hung Chang did not truly desire the improvement of his country. He was entitled, of course, to form his own judgment of what would be good and what evil, and he was right in thinking of tJhina first an.d foreign powers second; but he was also earnest in desiring to see China awakened from her lethargy and death, and adopt- ing so much of Western civil- ization as would fit her for self-defense in commerce and in war. Furthermore, it is not possible to discredit his ex- pressions of appreciation of· the work of Christian missions in helping his countrymen.

This appreciation was not a recent thing. It was in 1879 that he became interested in Dr. Mackenzie, of the London Missionary Society, through the cure of his wife under Dr.

Mackenzie's care; and he not only gave liberally to Dr. Mac- kenzie's medical work, but he aided in establishing a medical school, urged the starting of a LI HUNG CHANG va c c i n e establishment, and seemed to understand, as Mackenzie thought, "the purpose and object of the missionary's life"; and he adds, "In giving me the free use of his name, and taking upon himself the support of the work, His Excellency knows I am a Christian missionary and will make use of every oppor- tunity for the furtherance of the Gospel."

About the same time that Li Hung Chang was becoming interested in medical missions, he gained a new insight into the charitable spirit of the missionary work as. he saw it relieving the sufferings of thousands of starving Chinese in the great famines of 1876–78. How he felt toward the missionaries and others who had contributed t9 the relief of the suffering was indicated in the letter sent,at Li Hung Chang's instruction, by the Chinese minister in London to Lord Salisbury, on October 14, 1878: The noble philanthropy which heard, in a far-distant country, the cry of suffering, and hastened to its assistance, is too signal a recognition of the common brotherhood of humanity ever to be forgotten, and is not a mere passing response to a generous emotion, but a continued effort, persevered in, until, in sending the welcome rain, Heaven gave the assuring promise of returning plenty. and the sign that the brotherly succor was no longer required.

This letter closed with an expression of gratitude to "the various missionary societies who inaugurated the China Famine Fund."

* Conden$ed from The Sunday-school Time$.

In many ways the great viceroy has expressed his sympathy with the missionaries. He had an exceptional opportunity for doing this when he visited the United States in 1896, and received a deputation from the American missionary societies at the Hotel Waldorf on September 1st. In behalf of the societies an address was presented by the Rev. Dr. l<~. F. Ellinwood, and, after it had been read, the viceroy's reply through his interpreter was: Gentlemen: It affords me great pleasure to acknowledge the grateful welcome to this country offered to me by you as the representatives of the various boards and societies who have engaged in China in exchanging our ideas of the greatest of all truths which concern the immortal destinies of men.

In the name of my august master, the Emperor of China, I beg to tender to you his best thanks for your approval and appreciation for the protection afforded to the American missionaries in China. What we have done, and how little we have done on our part, is nothing but the duties of our government, while the missionaries, as you have so ably exprebsed, have not sought for pecuniary gains at the hands of our people. They have not been secret emissaries of diplomatic schemes.

Their labors have no political significance, and the last, not the least, if I might be permitted to add, they have not interfered with or usurped the rights of the territorial authorities.

In a philosophical point of view, as far as I have been enabled to appreciate, Christianity does not differ much from Confucianism, as the Golden Rule is expressed in a positive form in another. Logically speaking, whether these two forms of expressing the same truth cover exactly the same ground or not, I leave it to the investigations of those who have more philosophical tastes. It is, at the present, enough to con- clude that there exists not much difference between the wise sayings of the two greatest teachers, on the foundations of which the whole struc- ture of the two systems of morality is built. A man is composed of soul, intellect, and body; I highly appreciate t,hat your eminent Boards, in your arduous and much-esteemed work in the field of China, have neg- lected none of the three. I need not say much about the first, being an unknowable mystery of which our greatest ,Confucius had only an active knowledge. As for intellect, you have started numerous educational establishments which have served as the best means to enable our countrymen to acquire a fair knowledge of the modern arts and sciences of the West. As for the material part of our constitution, your societieH have started hospitals and dispensaries to save not only the soul, but also the bodies, of our countrymen. I have also to add that in the time of famine, in some of the provinces, you have done your best to the greatest number of the sufferers to keep their bodies and souls together.

Before I bring my reply to a conclusion I have only two things to mention.

The first, the opium-smoking, being a great curse to the Chinese population, your societies have tried your best not only as anti-opium societies, but to afford the best means to stop the craving for the opium; and also you receive none as your converts who are opium-smokers.

I have to tender, in my own name, my best thanks for your most effective prayers to God to spare my life when it was imperiled by the assassin's bullet, and for your most kind wishes which you have just now so ably expressed in the interests of my sovereign, my country and people.

The memory of this meeting remained with Li Hung Chang. Tn the :rollowing spring he gave to the Rev. Gilbert Reid a letter of approva.l of his special missionary work, in which he recalled his American friends, and also spoke of his hope that China might be willing to receive some of the light that was pouring from the West. He wrote: It is ~mfortunately true that suspicion, prejudice, and self-sufficiency are peculiar traits of educated Chinese, especially noticeable in their

FOREIGN DEVILS IN CHINA

estimation of other countries-perhaps because of the isolation of China from Western influence for so many centuries; but whatever may be the cause, lamentable effect is seen in the present backward state of China among the nations of the world.

The social, educational, and official systems of China have tended to give to the educated class control of the destinies of the nation. Whether such a monopoly of power be good or bad need not now be considered; it exists, and the practical question is, how to turn it into beneficent and useful channels. . . • Unquestionably, if you can give to the blind leaders of our people light and learning enjoyed in the West, they, in turn, will lead our people out of their darkness. I think I may claim to have many friends in the United States, where you now go. The cordial reception I met with wherever I went there made a deep impression upon my heart, and has greatly endeared your people to me. If it would interest them to know that I regard you highly, and give you a helping hand in your future efforts to bring more light into the world and encourage higher aims for human aspirations, you may use for that pur- pose this letter from Your friend, LI HUNG CHANG, Senior Guardian of the Heir-Apparent; Classical Reader of His Majesty the Emperor; Semor Grand Secretary of State; Minister of the Foreign Office, and Earl of the First Rank.

During the recent troubles in China the great viceroy was not unnaturally bitter against the West, and it would not have been sur- prising if he had, in his general anger, spoken harshly of the missionaries too. But his judgments were in the main just to them, and he never blamed the missionaries for the uprising.

And now the great man is gone,* and his people burned their foolish paper images about his house, to supply his spirit with all things necessary to its comfort in the unknown world to which it has gone.

Doubtless he himself would have wished to have it so. With all his enlightenment he was a Chinese still. The standards of his life were the standards of China, and he would not have wished to be separated from his people in the manner of his death and burial. If he never really sympathized with or understood the religious significance of Christian missions, he at least appreciated their noble spirit of unselfishness and kindness, and gave to his appreciation more than one expression that we must believe was sincere.

FOREIGN DEVILS IN CHINAt BY MARY M. FITCH, SHANGHAI, CHINA"

What foreigners have done in China in connection with opium and lotteries is too large a question to touch upon at this time, but during these days when social purity and the new Rescue Home are prominently before the people of Shanghai, I wish to say a few words along this line of thought.

Do we foreigners realize what we have done and are doing to make Shanghai the sink of iniquity that it is? We scatter broadcast over these settlements, and from here into the country at large, such pictures and advertisements as should make u~ all ashamed. The worst ones are all of foreign women, and, as we send them out, we say to these heathen Chinese, who have far more Christian ideas in this respect than we have, that we care not what the world thinks of our women. We put her forth into the glare of the world's broad sunlight, we set her up before millions *Li Hung Chang died in Peking on November 7,1901: t Condensed from the North Ohina Herald.

of curious eyes, and say, Here is our foreign woman, dressed or undressed, it is all the same to us. Look at her. Think of her as you will. We are so anxious to have you buy our cigarettes and come to our theaters and circuses that we are willing to expose our women in any way you like best. We post all over this settlement a life-sized picture of an American (?) girl smoking a cigarette, hoping to get the Chinese (girl, I suppose) to follow her example. We scatter picture cards by millions, even begging shopkeepers to give them away when they sell their-goods, if only we may bring to the notice of a few more thousands of these heathen Chinese how anxious we are to have them purchase our cigars, and how lightly we value the hopor of our foreign women.

About ten years ago, when the large cigarette advertisement pictures began to be so plentiful in Shanghai, I was going frequently to the home of one of our Christians to teach his wife to read. To my sorrow I found one day two of these hung up in their guest-room. I told them at once how very sorry I was to see them there. The old mother in the family, herself a Christian, said: ""Vhy, my son has just bought them. He thought they were very ornamental." Said I: "If that cluster of women were Chinese women and dressed, or rather undressed, in that fashion, would you have them in your room for one moment p" She seemed horrified at the idea. "Well," said I, "I am a foreign woman and they are foreign women, and I am ashamed to look at them." On my next visit they had disappeared, and on my remarking upon it the mother said: "As soon as I told my son what you said he decided that they must go at once." Another time; when visiting another Chinese lady friend, I found a picture exposed just in front of her front doorway that was one of the worst I ever saw. As two little boys were with me I did not like to speak of it, but on their leaving just before me I motioned to the women that it ought not to be there. Fearing I had not been strong enough in my disapproval, I sought out her husband the next day and told him that picture ought not to be in their home. He thanked me for speaking to him about it, and said that a few days previously their son had purchased some cloth, and the shopkeepers had given him this picture. Do the cigarette companies pay these shopkeepers for thus distributing their advertisements P How does all this make us appear in the eyes of the Chinese? I don't wonder they call us "foreign devils." I think it is a very appropriate form of address. Foreign gentlemen take their wives and daughters to dinner at the hotels and private residences in Shanghai clad in such. a manner as makes the Chinese servants, at first, ashamed to wait upon them. Alas! they get used to it all too soon. Plays are put upon the theater boards that no women or young girl ought to see, to say nothing of their fathers and brothers, and occasionally some of the Chinese officials and gentry go in to see what we foreigners consider entertaining. We blazon forth our sham-e, or our utter loss of the sense of shame, to them, and they may smile a sickly smile at the time, but they go away to despise us jn their hearts. And no wonder! I am glad they do.

Sir Robert Hart never wrote a truer thing than he wrote recently about the sensitiveness of the Chinese nature. They are superior to us in this trait, and we sin against it beyond telling. Some of the Chinese think very slightingly of us foreigners, and we certainly deserve no better at their hands.

MORMONISM AND PURITY

MORMONISM AND PURITY* BY WILLIAM R. CAMPBELL, SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH The bearing of Mormonism upon the great purity problem which is confronting the nation to-day is of such importance that it can not wisely be ignored, much less can we afford to entertain and promulgate false views upon the subject.

Mormonism does not propose to be ignored, and can not be ignored. It is pushing its way into every county, city, town, village, and hamletin the land. It is invading our churches and our homes, and proselyting many of the fairest and best. It is putting its hands upon the ballot-box and controlling the political destinies of states. One state it entirely owns, and six other states and territories it demoralizes by its balance-ofpower methods, while it hopes soon to gain enough proselytes to enable it, through its colonizing schemes, to gain control of the politics of enough additional states to enable it forever to prevent the ratification of an anti-polygamy constitutional amendment. The Mormons are as wise as serpents in their use of the balance-of-power principle. Instead of voting all one way, they divide their votes between the parties, giving to the favored party just enough to insure victory, but not enough to show their hand openly, unless it becomes absolutely necessary.

Having succeeded in safeguarding polygamy against a constitutional amendment, they then hope to fasten it upon us forever, as one of the permanent institutions of our country. They will not call it polygamy, but they will call it plural or celestial marriage, which is all the same thing, except that on account of its religious sanctions, which curb the consciences of men, it has degenerated intq a lower and more degrading type than any heathen polygamy which the world has ever seen. They of course claim that it is a higher and a heavenly order of marriage, as much higher than the ordinary sensualism of the world as heaven is higher than hell. But I am speaking now about facts as they exist and not about their claims.

It is self-evident that the Mormons can not stand for social purity as we understand it, for their teaching and' practise of polygamy are diametrically opposed to our idea of the purity and integrity of the home, as much so as is the brothel; but polygamy aside, we must give them credit for teaching and advocating social purity as they understand it. What, then, is their idea of social purity, and how do they seek to secure it? The Mormon idea of purity is based upon their idea of God and their idea of sex. They believe that the sexual relation existed in eternity, before our world was created, that God Himself lives in the marriage relation with His heavenly wives, by whom He is begetting spiritual offspring; that our spirits are His offspring in the same sense in which our bodies are the offspring of our earthly fathers. They believe, moreover, that God was once a man, and became God by the right use of His sexual powers, as it is possible for other men to do. Joseph Smith taught that "God Himself was once as we are now, and is an exalted man, and sits enthroned in yonder heavens." He also said: Here, then, is eternal life-to know that only wise and true God, and * Condensed from an address delivered by Mr, Campbell before the National Purity Con· vention, Chicago, October 8, 1901.

you have got to learn how to become gods yourselves, and to become kings and priests unto God, the same as all gods have done before you.

This doctrine has been taught by every Mormon prophet, priest, and elder since his day. B. H. Roberts, in "New Witness for God," endorsed by the Mormon Ch.urch an~ first published in 1895, tells how this is done.

What a revelation here! As I have remarked elsewhere, instead of the Godgiven power of procreation being one of the chief things that is to pass away, it is one of the chief means of man's exaltation and glory in that great eternity which, like an endless vista, stretches out before him! Through it man attains to the glory of the endless increase of eternal lives, and the right of presiding as priest and patriarch, king and lord, over his ever-inl'reasing posterity. Instead of the commandment "Be fruitful, and multiply and replenish the earth" being an unrighteous law, it is one by means of which the race of the gods is to be perpetuated, and is as holy and as pure as the commandment" Repent and be baptized." .Through that law, in connection with an observance of all the other laws of the Gospel, man will yet attain unto the power of the Godhead, and like his Father-God-his chief glory will be to bring to pass the eternal life and happiness of his posterity.* What I have said will enable us to consider intelligently the Mormon theory of life and purity, and the practical workings of that theory.

I. The Mormon Theory of Life and Purity According to the Mormon theory of life, it is one of man's chief duties in this world to live in the marriage relation and beget many children, and thus furnish bodies for the spiritual offspring which God is all the time begetting through cohabitation with His heavenly wives. They teach that everyone who commits adultery thus prostitutes the powers which God has given to man and woman with which to cooperate with Deity in peopling this planet with His so-called spiritual children, who may, in turn, become gods.

They teach that there must be no prevention or destruction of offspring, because such acts are great sins against God. Such crimes are, in their minds, also great sins against the unborn spirits, who are thus deprived of bodies, and all possibility of development and exaltation.

Incidentally, this thought furnishes one of their strongest arguments for polygamy, aside from their alleged revelation upon the subject. They believe that since there has been so much destruction of bodily life through crime, war, pestilence and famine, and since so many men are unfitted for fatherhood, myriads of the alleged spiritual offspring of God have been deprived of bodies, and thus prevented from entering upon this earthly life, which is the door of entrance upon a career which may lead to godhood. They therefore believe that it is highly important that all good men and women should marry and have offspring, so as to make up, as far as possible, for the loss sustained by unembodied spirits in the past.

The Mormons believe that adultery should be punished by death, and have often so taught. They are all the time pointing to and decrying the evils which exist in our large cities denouncing the prevention and destruction of life among the aristocracy, as well as the social evil among the degraded. They do this to such an extent that I do not wondel' that many superficial men and women get the impression that, * "New Witness for God," pp. 461 and 462.

MORMONISM: AND PURITY

as a matter of course, the Mormon people who are not practical polygamists are the cleanest and purest people in the world.

This is briefly the Mormon theory in regard to social purity. The question is, how does the theory work in practise? While no true Christian can have any possible respect for their idea of God, or their theory of life, yet there are thousands of people who 'vill say, and properly say, if it is true that their theory works better tha.l ours, let us not oppose them too strenuously until we can find a theory which will produce results which are at least equally as good. The Mormons have so much confidence in their theory that they boldly claim that, if it were carefully and honestly put into practise by mankind, it would not only serve as an effective remedy for the social evil, but that it would result in the physical, intellectual and moral elevation of the race, and lead to the final exaltation of man. Of course, those who make such claims' must produce the proof, which I hereby challenge them to do. In the mean time I shall give you the results of my own careful investigatiQns in regard to the matter.

II. The Practical Workings of the Mormon Theory My observation and study of the question extends over a period of fifteen years. I have regularly read three Utah daily papers, one of them the Deseret News, the official organ of the Mormon Church. I have carefully studied their literature, and read their history from the viewpoint of both friends and foes. I have talked face to face with over one hundred and forty Mormon elders engaged in regular mission work, and visited many of the people among whom they operate, and have kept in touch with Eastern converts to the Mormon faith. I have tried honestly and faithfully to get at the real truth in regard to the effect of Mormonism upon its devotees; and from my observation and experience I am compelled to say that the Mormon theory has been a disastrous failure from the first. There are many potent reasons for such failure.

I. The Mormon theory breaks down because it has no fixed standard of righteousness by which 'to measure their actions. Their god, having been once a man as we are now, and being only an exalted man to-day, has been finite and changeable from the first. The Mormons claim that by holding up before men the idea that it is possible for them to become-. gods they are giving them a more powerful incentive to earnest effort for improvement and advancement; but, as a matter of fact, they have " changed the glory of the uncorruptible God into an image like unto corruptible man" (Rom. i : 23), and untold demoralization has been the result. Instead of striving to grow like God in holiness and purity of character, they have brought God down to their level, and have sacrilegiously besmeared Him over with the slime and filth of their own sensuality, and have thus" changed the truth of God into a lie, and worshiped and served the creature more than the Creator." "Wherefore God also gave them up to uncleanness through the lusts of their own hearts, to dishonor their own bodies between themselves."

2. The Mormon theory of purity has always fail~d, because there is no high purpose in its appeal. Their talk on social purity has always seemed to me too much like "sounding brass and a tinkling cymbal," since their appeals have always been flavored with apologies for polygamy.

The tendency toward the "social evil" is, however, far greatEr among the people who have been testing this method of "preventing" it than among any other class of people than I have ever known. The houses of prostitution in Utah are fiIfing up with Mormon girls, and they are supplying inmates for such houses for aJl the surrounding region of country, including Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, and Nevada.

3. The Mormon theory of purity is all the time discussed among all classes of Mormon people-even among the children-in the home, on the street, in the day-schools, and even in the Sunday-schools. Whatever may be their religious conviction in regard to the matter, the fact is that the old lechers living in polygamy are all the time conscious that they are themselves prompted by the basest sensuality, and therefore feel the need of apologizing for their conduct, even to their own children. Mere boys are all the time told that out in the world where there is no polygamy there is no purity; that polygamy is the divine order, the order of heaven; that it was not only commanded by God, in a revelation given through Joseph Smith, but that it was sanctioned by the Bible; that all great men of all time practised polygamy, and that the law of plural marriage is so indelibly stamped upon human nature that the social evil must break out whenever polygamy is prohibited. Social impurity is rampant among the older boys and girls of the schools. Forced marriages are the rule in many of the towns. These things are rumored about a Mormon town all the time, so much so that we can not live among the people without coming to believe them. If those misguided but well-meaning Eastern people who apologize for their Mormon friends but knew the real facts, which could easily be ascertained by anyone living quietly. and passively in any Mormon town for a little while, I am sure they would never again utter one word of apology for Mormon social conditions. I would much prefer to have my children grow up in the Tenderloin District of New York City than in an atmosphere where they would all the time see and hear the things which are seen and heard in a Mormon town where Mormonism flourishes without restraint. I have known of Mormon paren ts who expected'to live and die in the Mormon faith, but who sent their children to outside schools and Sabbathschools until their characters should grow strong enough to endure the moral strain of Mormon teaching.

4. But, you will inquire, are not the women sincere in their polygamous faith and practises? Yes, indeed, the women are sincere; this is the most awful fact about the whole situation. Women have no selfish end to gain by polygamy. They suffer all for what they believe to be a great principle. Their very suffering daily increases their sincerity and their fanaticism. The history of Mormonism has again and again proved, and is proving to-day, that women who can not be moved to yield to the lusts of beastly men by appeals to their personal interests-who would even die in defense of their honor-can be influenced to yield to appeals in behalf of the alleged baby spirits which they are made to think' are hovering around them, praying, longing even to the point of despair, while waiting for mothers to give them bodies and homes in which to rest from their weary wanderings, some of whom may have already been waiting thousands of years for such relief, because ~o many women of the past have failed to do their duty. The mothers of this fait· land, who are given to despising the unfortunate polygamous women of Utah,

THE IDEAL MISSIONARY MEETING

should be on their guard lest their own daughters be caught in the same toils.

Let us arise, in the majesty of our splendid American citizenship, and submit and ratify the proposed anti-polygamy constitutional amendment as soon as Oongress and the Legislature can act, and thus forever rid the country of this monstrous and debasing iniquity, which was, at the first, inspired by lechery, and which has disgraced and cursed our land for full threescore years and tEn, while it has paved its way with the skeletons of unborn infants, and sent ten thousand brokenhearted women to welcome tho untimely graves.

THE IDEAL MISSIONARY MEETING * No missionary society can do its best work without high ideals. The perfection sought may never be fully attained, but the higher the aim the greater the achievement. In every missionary meeting there are four things to be considered–preparation, place, people, and program.

PREPARATION.-Back of the ideal missionary meeting must be ideal preparation, for such missionary meetings do not "just grow." They are the result of hard work and earnest, intelligent, prayerful planning. Every detail concerning the program, the place of meeting, the announcement from pulpit or press, the personal invitation to newcomers, must be carefully considered beforehand, and nothing forgotten.

PLAcE.–,-The placE' in which a missionary meeting is held has much to do with maKing it ideal or otherwise. There has been a growing tendency in recent years to hold the meetings in private houses, and in many instances this has resulted in a large increase of attendance. Ohurch parlors are not always bright and cheerful, and meetings held in them are apt to borrow coldness from the barren walls and stiffness from the formal rows of straight-backed chairs. A transformation can be easily wrought by rearranging the chairs in some manner suggestive of sociability, by hanging missionary maps, charts, and pictures on the walls, and by bringing in fresh flowers, and curios from missionary lands.

PEOPLE.-It is impossible to have an ideal meeting without people, and plenty of them. Not that small meetings are unprofitable; indeed, they are often full of spiritual power, and mighty in result. But there is enthusiasm in numbers, and a small meeting that ought to be a large one, and could be with a little effort, is certainly not ideal. But it is not enough for people to be present at a missionary meeting-they must be pleasant ItS well, ready to greet one another with a cordial handshake and a friendly word. Otherwise the meeting will not be ideal, for there is nothing in the world so depressing as a company of icebergs in a Ohristian church.

THE PROGRAM.-But, after all, the program is the most important part about a missionary meeting. Here are ten points to be considered: 1. The Leader.-Oarlyle says: "Let him who would move and convince others be first moved and convinced himself." The ideal leader, therefore, should be an earnest, consecrated Ohristian, full of the spirit of missions, able to inspire others with love for the work.

*Condensed from The Missionary Life and Light. 2. The Length.-An ideal missionary program must not be too long; ordinarily an hour and a half is sufficient. Papers and discussions should be strictly limited in time; otherwise they are apt to become exceedingly wearisome by reason of their length.

3. The Transaction of Business.-Long-drawn-out business discussions are fatal to a missionary meeting. In the ideal society business is reduced to a minimum and disposed of promptly, all matters of importance having been first discussed by the Executive Committee.

4. The Aim.-In every battle, owing to random shooting, there is a great waste of ammunition. It is said that but one bullet in a thousand hits the enemy, and but one in ten thousand proves fatal. There is the same waste in missionary meetings, largely because our missionary shot is fired without definite aim. Is it not true that sometimes the Scriptures are read and prayers are offered largely because it is the proper thing to do? In the ideal meeting every number on the program has a special mission, having been chosen with definite aim of interesting people and of inducing them to pray for the work, to give liberally of their time and. money, or go personally to the foreign field.

5. The Scripture Lesson.-In the ideal missionary meeting the Bible is used as the "sword of the Spirit," the all-powerful Word of God. Especial study should be given to the Scriptural foundations on which missionary operations rest: the" Great Commission" as recorded in the four Gospels and the book of Acts; the rewards promised to those who take up missionary work, and the danger of neglecting it; and the great promises and prophecies by which the ultimate triumph of world-wide missions is assured.

6. Praye1'.-In the ideal missionary meeting there is much prayer, not only in connection with the devotional service, but at intervals during the entire meeting. There should be more real praying for specific things. It was said of Gossner that during his life he "prayed open both hearts and pocketbooks; prayed up the walls of a hospital; prayed mission stations into being." Missionary societies may pray workers into the field, courage into the hearts of missionaries, money into empty treasuries, and heathen souls into the kingdom of God. Too little use is made of silent prayer, which engages all hearts in a way that audible petitions sometimes fail to do.

7. MusiC.-Music is an important factor in the ideal meeting. While it is well occasionally to arrange for special numbers in the way of appropriate solos or duets, the music should largely consist of congregational singing.

8. The Study of Missions.-To be ideal, the papers, discussions, etc., which form the main body of the program should deal not. only with the work of the denomination to which the society belongs, but also with general missionary history, giving broad expansive views of worldwide and centuries-long missionary effort.

9. Living Links.-An ideal program always includes something that will bring the home worker in close and sympathetic touch with the missionary on the field. An ideal way of doing this is in vogue in the First Oongregational Church of Springfield, Ohio. To each member of the society a missionary is assigned. In response to roll-call the members give the names of their missionaries and items of interest about their work. The plan works admirably.

10. Fresh Material.-A prominent educator has given a word of advice to teachers which may well be heeded by missionary leaders. Be says: "Let your pupils drink from a running stream; even animals will not drink from a stagnant poo!." The ideal missionary program presents only bright, fresh, up-to-date missionary materia!.

SOME FURTHER SUGGESTIONS * BY HELEN A. PHELPS We all find it difficult to live up to our ideals and often fall far short, but that is no good reason why we should not have a high ideal for a missionary meeting as well as for other things, and strive to reach this conception.

First: There should be careful preparation on the part of the leader appointed. She should have due notice of this appointment and ample time to make out her program.

Second: There should be hearty concurrence between the leader and those asked to take part. If a person be requested to read or recite, or to write a paper, tho the task may seem beyond her power she should try to do the best she can, trusting in the Lord for strength. If we are inspired by His Spirit, we can do great things. But let us be careful in all our preparation that the glory be given to God and not to ourselves.

Third: ~ee that each member has some little part given her to do, so that she may feel that she is necessary to the meeting. The more we work for an object, the more we love that object. Some of us may think we have so many other duties that we can not give the time to search maps, missionary incidents and annals, and to write papers; but we owe it to ourselves to give a little time to the improvement of our minds, and we know of no better way to improve intellectually than by such study.

Fourth: Another point is the necessity for each one to do a thing when she agrees to do it, unless prevented by such a reason as she can give to her Master. Think what a disappointment it is to a leader, after careful thought to prepare a program, to have those on whom she depends fail at the appointed hour.

Fifth: Punctuality is one of the points of a good meeting. We ought to begin on time, close on time, and not allow ourselves to visit until after the close of the meeting.

Lastly, for an "ideal meeting" we must love the work of saving the world. We must pray for it, and have our hearts full of the subject. If we expect the Lord Jesus to meet with us, we must seek His presence, and then, indeed, we shall be blessed.

* Condensed from Woman's Work/or Vroman. EDITORIALS Christianity. True and False- Prayer for Students Am I Christian in deed, or. in For several years the Christian student movements of the world name only? have united in observing the second Sunday of February as a Universal The late Earl Cairns, twice Lord Day of Prayer for Students. This day has been attended with most Chancellor of Great Britain, and gratifying spiritual results in all parts of the world. The General one of the most devout and godly Committee of the World's Student Christian Federation calls upon all men which the empire produced in Christian student organizations, and upon Christians in general, to the century past, spoke the follow- observe Sunday, February 9, 1902, as a day of special prayer on behalf ing words in Exeter Hall in March, of students.

1881, twenty years ago, to the The past few years have witness- ed an unprecedented multiplication Young Men's Christian Associa- of Christian student organizations and a world-wide extension of the tion. They are worthy to be writ- student Christian movement. The difficulties and perils in the pathten in letters of gold: way of the student movement are many, subtle, and great. Prayer May I venture earnestly and af- is an essential factor in removing fectionately to say to every young all these hindrances. The opporman who hears me, that true and tunities for usefulness which to-day vital religion is not merely a bond confront the student movement in to bind together an association, or every land are greater and more even a church; but that it involves inspiring than ever. God alone can and it requires, in each individual, enable us to recognize and improve A SEPARATE, REAL, PERSONAL these opportunities. TRANSACTION BETWEEN THE INDI- VIDUAL AND HIS SAVIOR; and, The committee suggest the foluntil that transaction is adjusted lowing grounds for thanksgiving: and settled satisfactorily, there can Thanksgiving that the Christian come to that individual no real students of the world are united in peace, no real happiness, no real spirit and in effort to make Christ energy for that which is good, no King; that in all parts of the world real power to resist that which is there is a growing interest in the evil. And, believe me, all else is study of the Word of God; that nothing in comparison with this. during the past year there have Your advancement in life, your been spiritual awakenings among health, your recreation, your trade, students in some of the most your business, your reputation, difficult fields-for example, Belyour position in society, the esteem gium, Italy, Russia-and a deepenof your fellow men-all these are ing sense of responsibility for the important in their way, but they evangelization of the world. are nothing, absolutely, literally nothing, in comparison with the an- Objects for intercession are sugswer to this all-important question: gested as follows: That in all coun- " Am I, not merely, a Christian in tries there may be an increase in name, or the member of a Christian association; but have I a real, iV– dividual, personal knowledge of Christ as my Savior -and my Godl"

It was this thought which dom- inated Lord Cairns'life, and when he was dying, sitting up in bed and gasping for breath, he said to those gathered about him: "You will all have to come to this hour.· Let me charge you if in this hour you would have perfect peace, let noth- ing come between you and Christ."

EDITORIALS

the number of men who feel a we could not have foreseen. In burden of personal responsibility June so great an authority as Dr. for winning students to Christ; Arthur H. Smith, of North China, that the missionary spirit in the wrote me personally that it is universities of Christian lands may doubtful if missionaries can ever continue to grow; that the student again, or at least for very many movement may result in influenc- years, travel freely in China; but ing students to bring to bear upon already remarkable change appears the social and political problems of to be coming over magistrates and their day the teachings and spirit people. Missionaries return, to be of Christ; that the Christian stu- welcomed heartily. Dr. Hykes, of dents of non-Christian lands may the American Bible Society, has mightily further the evangelization just returned from a visit to North of their own people; that the re- China, and says, "You have come sult;; of the tour of the General Sec- at a very favorable time; it is the retary of the Federation through- eve of great changes in China." out the student centers of the Far This seems a crisis in China such East may be conserved and aug- as came to Japan twenty years mented; and that the next conven- ago, but now to a far greater peotion of the Federation, to be held ple. The empress herself has bein Denmark in August, 1902, may gun to reissue the suppressed reexert a helpful influence on the form edicts of the young emperor spiritual life of the students of all in 1898. Weare told that printinglands. presses are rushed to supply the again rising demand for Western G. C. Morgan's Campaign educational literature. One mis- sionary, more than a thousand Rev. G. Campbell Morgan's miles into the interior of China, preaching campaign, now fairly in has just wired, for immediate use in progress in America, has already his own field, an order for Bibles developed precious results. His which, eight years ago, the society addresses to ministers and students would have deemed an issue suffiat Lane Seminary, Cincinnati, pro- cient to supply the demand in all foundly moved his hearers. Intel- China for five or six years. These lectual vigor is in him wedded to are the exact words of Dr. Hykes devoutness and spiritual fervor to-day. Our hearts are stirred. and a missionary spirit. He is broad and liberal without being The twelve days, from December unsound, and so wins hearers of all shades of credal beliefs. The Gos- 21st to and including January 1st; pel he preaches is alive with verity and spiritual power, and many were set apart for special prayer hope that he will yet visit Japan, India, and other Oriental lands and fasting, in waiting upon God with his life·giving and soul-arousing message. for the laborers, tak!ng by simple Cheering News from China faith the promise, "All these things Mr. Horace W. Houlding writes shall be added unto you." This is from Shanghai, November 16th, very cheering tidings as to China, the great need-men of faith, "full where he and his party had landed of the Holy Ghost and ~f wisdom." two days previous. He says: Mr. Houlding adds: God has been working in a way Such a change-has come that Mr. Stevenson, Deputy Director of the C. I. M. here, says, "This is such a time for the purchase of property in the interior as never was seen before." We prayed for funds for securing immediately property in the twenty central governmental cities for the twenty central sta- tions, and we believe for it and shall move forward in this faith.

If this is to be taken as an indica- tion, the Lord seems to be about to go far beyond the expectation and supplication of His people in open- ing China to a pew diffusiop of the

Gospel, for which two hundred 450 for the number of foreign mis- sionaries is explained by the fact martyrs shed their blood in the re- that 397 is the number, e.cclusive of ordained native agents, while 450 cent massacres. is 397, plus the children of mission- aries not enrolled in any of the Moravian Statistics home congregations; 450 is there- fore merely a round number. On Our readers may have noticed in July 1, 1901, there were 247 men and the article in the last December is- 213 women in our foreign mission service, making a total of 490, but sue, Oll the Moravian Church, some here, again, the ordained natives apparent. discrepancies. For exam- are included. You .are perfectly safe, however, in stating that 400 ple, on page 884, the total member- foreign missionaries are employed ship at home is 96,877, and abroad by the Moravian Church, so that 95,424, and the foreign missionary the number 397 was practically cor- rect. force 397. On page 885, in the offi- Turning now to the question cial statistics, the home member- about the Diaspora, we ourselves are not very clear about the exact ship, exclusive of foreign mission- number. This work is carried on ex c Ius i vel y among the state aries, is 38.209; the missionary force, churches of continental Europe 450, and the total foreign member- without in any way drawing the ship, 96,877. A correspondent, call- people from their allegiance to the state churches, and consequently ing attention to these apparently statistics, as far as I am concerned, conflicting statements, says: are largely guesswork, and 60,000 is In John R. Mott's book, "The as good or as bad a figure as any other. We have not received any Evangelization of the W orId in this Generation," pp. 96-98, he evi- accurate report from our brethren dently figures all comparisons on a beyond the sea for a long time. basis of about 38,000 home members, and says "one in sixty-six of But last year these friends on the the communicant members of their continent of Europe contributed to home churches in Europe and America" are foreign missionaries. our mission work $37,637.98. What is the cause of the apparent I think it would be fair to add discrepancies in the two accounts? Does Mr. Mott omit the Diasp01'a, the membership of the Diaspora, if and, if so, should they not rightfully be included? you can speak of sllch an indefinite quantity as membership, to the As both sets of figures were taken membership of the home provinces from official sources, we have sub- in striking averages or in making mitted these discrepancies to Rev. comparisons with other churches, but then their gifts should of course Paul De Schweinitz and to Prof. J. be likewise added in. Taylor Hamilton, the historian of It is exceedingly difficult to make the Unitas Frab'um, and have re- comparisons between our Church ceived the following explanation, and other churches, because of the ecumenical character of our Church which we append for the sake of and its work, which places us in a exactness and accuracy of state- unique and peculiar position.

ment: From one point of view Mr. Mott The statistics given in quotation is correct in basing his calculation upon a home membership of 38,000, marks on pages 885 and 886 are correct, As to how the discrepancy because, while we draw many of arose, the most naLural explanation our missionaries from our Diaspora is, that on page 884 the 60,000 Dias- membership, yet they are never adpora members are added to the statistics of the home provinces for mitted to mission service until they 1898, which would make t.he figures have actually united with our on page 884 about correct. Dr. Church, and have been under its Hamilton, on pages 885-6, gave the newest figures at his command, care for a varying number of years. those for 1900-38,659 for the home On the other hand, I think that provinces, and 96,877 for the foreign provinces. you are justified in making 98,000 The discrepancy between 397 and the basis of comparisons, because without this Diasporn mission we would not get many of the men that we do.

BOOKS FOR THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY

BOOKS FOR THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY CHINA IN CONVULSION. By Arthur H. Smith. opinions and conclusions. But this Illustrated. 8vo, 760 pp 2 vols. $5.00, is a book of unusual scope and net. Fleming H. Revell 00., N. Y. merit. How it was ever written up so soon after the events it chron- These volumes will be received as icles is a problem. It contains in a classic on the subject of the late all nearly a quarter million words, Boxer outbreak, its causes, con- and they show no marks of undue duct, and consequences. Dr. Smith haste, and the charming illuminis probably as great an authority ative style of this author throws on the matters he discusses as any over the story its peculiar fascinaman in the Celestial Empire. We tion. have been struck with the care and candor exhibited in these splendid We should like to have had more volumes, and the thoroughness space given to the outlook, which is and philosophic insight with which all found in a brief closing chapter they enter into the heart of the of less than seven pages out of theme. Our only regret is that nearly eight hundred. In it Dr. their price puts them beyond the Smith makes no real advance in reach of so many readers. the way of wise suggestion, beyond what might occur to most readers. Dr. Smith keenly traces the Perhaps he felt, as well he might, sources of the antipathy to foreign- that it is too early to do much wise ers, the various causes contributing outlooking, and like Mr. Beecher to its confirmation and increase, feels that "hindsight" is safer such as foreign aggression, conflict than foresight. But there need be between two opposing civilizations little risk in prophesying that this so different in character, the in- book will have a wide reading and trusions of foreign commerce and an interested reading. foreign religion, reaction against reform, fear that the foreigner THE H,STORY OF PROTESTANT MISSIONS. By would prove a usurper, etc. He Gustave Warneck. Edited from the sev· gives perhaps a score of reasons enth German edition by Dr. George Robleading up to the outbreak. Then son. 8vo. $2.00. Fleming H. Revell 00. he shows how it gathered and broke like a storm, and like a storm swept This volume needs no recommimfuriously and wildly over the land. dation. Professor Warneck has He graphically pictures the siege for at least a quarter century been of Peking with its heroic struggles one of the five leading authorities and dark days of almost despair, on missions, and few would dispute and the long waiting and the glad with him the confidence of readers, relief. Then he looks back, and as Dr. George Smith, Dean Vahl, a philosophic historian reviews the Theodore Christlieb, Dr. E. JL whole history and traces both the Bliss, being associated with him in hand of man and the hand of God. the same lines of stUdy. We see the avenging of the massacres in China's humiliation and The first edition of this work was desolation, the catastrophe to the published nineteen years ago, and native Church, and the heroism of has been an admitted authority native Christians; and the outlook ever since. The present volume is for the future closes the second double the size of the first, and not volume. only carries down the history to the present time, but is essentially It would be strange if any reader a new book and not a mere corwholly agrees with all Dr. Smith's rected and revised edition of its predecessor. THE LORE OF CATHAY. By W. A. P. Martin, the adult and the history of the D.D., LL.D. Illustrated. 8vQ, 480 pp. $2.50, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., N. Y. nation. Stories told to them shape 1901. their aims and beliefs, and the This volume is the result of a example set them by parents is life-long study of the Chinese and more potent in determining char- their literature, by the President of acter than all the precepts of the Imperial University. Dr. Mar- Confucius or Buddha. Professor tin is a scholar and a missionary, Headland's books are rather and has already become widely amusing and informing than mis- known by his "Cycle of Cathay," sionary or ethical, but they bring and" Siege of Peking.:' This latest us nearer to the Chinese children product of his pen is, however, and so enable us to help them bet- the best, and will stand as the most ter. * readable and authoritative work on the subject. Dr. Martin not MONTHLY BIBLIOGRAPHY only describes and gives examples CENTENNIAL SURVEY OF FOREIGN MISSIONS. By James S. Dennis. $2.50, net. Flemof the literature of the Chinese, but ing H. Revell CO. 1902.

he reveals their mental character- MISSIONARY SPEAKERS' MANUAL. By A. R. Buckland and J. D. Mullins. 8vo, 368 pp. istics and the mode of education 68. James Nisbet & Co., London. 1901.

which makes the sons and daugh- OUTLINE H,STORY OF PROTESTANT MISSIONS. By Gustav Warneck. (Translated by ters of Sinim what they are. George Robson.) Portraits and maps. 8vo, 364 pp. $2.00. Fleming H. Revell The book is divided into five Co. 1901.

parts, dealing respectively with FIFTY lIbSSIONARY PROGRAMMES. By Belle M. Brain. 16mo. 35 cents. United Society "Chinese Contributions to Arts of Christian Endeavor, Boston. 1901.

and Sciences," "Chinese Litera- CHINA IN CONVULSION. By Arthur H. Smith. Illustrated. 2 vols., 8vo, 760 pp. $500, ture," "Religion and Philosophy," nd. Fleming H. Revell Co., N. Y. 1901.

"Education in China," and" Stud- TOKYO M,RSIONARY CONFERENCE. 1900. Illus- trated. 8vo, 1,048 pp. 11ethodist Pubies in Chinese History." Every lishing House, Tokyo. 1901.

section contains revelations as to ADVENTURES IN TIBET. By William Carey. Illustrated. 12mo, 300 pp. $1.50, net. the achievements, resources, char- United Society of Christian Endeavor. 1902. acteristics, and possibilities of this HIGH-CASTE H,NDU WOMEN. By Pandita much misunderstood and abused Ramabai. (Revised.) 12mo. 75 cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., N. Y. 1902. people. Dr. Martin has contributed LAND OF THE CONCH-SHELL. Illustrated. a volume that is distinctly and in- 12mo, 64 pp. 18. Church 11issionary So- ciety, London. 1901. tensely valuable for a more thor- SUBJECTS OF THE SHAH. By C. H. Stileman. ough knowledge of the Chinese Illustrated. 12mo, 96 pp. 18. C. 11. S., London. 1901. and how to educate them in truth ARMENIA: TRAVELS AND STUDIES. By H. F. B. and righteousness. * Lynch. Illustrated. 2 vols. 1,000 pp. $15.00, net. Longmans, Green & Co., N. Y. THE CHINESE Boy AND GIRL. By Isaac Taylor 1901. Headland. 8vo, 176 pp. lllustrated. $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New MOHAMMED AND HIS POWER. By P. Lacy York. 1901. Johnstone. 12mo. 238 pp. $1.25. Charles Scribner's Sons, N. Y. 1901. The unique and artistic get-up of this book makes it doubly at- PROTESTANT CHURCH IN GERMANY. By George tractive. It is a companion volume H. Schodde. 40 cents. Lutheran Publicaand sequel to "Chinese Mother tion Society, Philadelphia. 1901. Goose." Professor Headland raises the curtain by which childlife in UGANDA AND ITS PEOPLE. By General Lugard. China has been hidden'from view Illustrated. 16mo. 175 pp. M. F. Mansand reveals their methods of play, field & Co., N. Y. 1901. their education and habits of life. Children are much the same the LAND OF THE AMAZONS. By Baron de Santaworld over, but the training of the Anna 11ery. Illustrated. Maps. 405 pp. child determines the character of $4.00. E. P. Dutton & Co., N. Y. 1901.

MEXICO AS I SAW IT. By Mrs. Alec. Tweedie. Illustrated. $5.00, net. MacMillan Co. 1901.

THE ApOSTLES OF THE SOUTHEAST. By Frank T. Bullen. 12mo, 354 pp. $1.50. D. Appleton & Co. N. Y., 1901.

GENERAt. MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE AMERICA and inspirational, in which prayer The Protestant There were some for missions was emphasized as the Episcopal plain things said greatest factor to success. Conference on and some vigorous Missions things done at the The need of missions in Roman First General Mis- Catholic countries received especial sionary Conference of the Prot- estant Episcopal Church, held in attention. Bishop Kinsolving de- Rochester, N. Y., in December last. Rev. Dr. Nelson deprecated clared that the Catholic Church in the scant attention given to mis- sions by the triennial meetings of Brazil had repulsed the people by that Church, like that of San Francisco, where the great missionary its un-Christian terms, its service body was forced to give precedence to legislative business, despite the in an unknown tongue, the celibacy fact that the mind of the Church is as four-fifths to one-fifth for the of the priests, and the confessional. discussion of missionary matters rather than the discussion of Dr. Dudley Powers spoke on canonical law; yet the San Francisco convention did lift the whole Cuba; Rev. Henry Forrester, on thought of the Church to a higher level on missionary matters, in the Mexico; and Bishop-elect Brent, on proposal to apportion a million dollars for missions. the Philippines.

Perhaps the most significant Interrelations Dr. J. G. Fraser, feature of the Rochester convention was the determination to in-, of Missions Sec r e tary of the augurate throughout the whole Church men's missionary societies! Ohio Home Mis- The Sunday-schools had been organized on this line, and through- sionary Society (Congregational), out the land women's missionary organizations had been active, but has recently written as follows upon the men had been inactive. They needed to be organized, too, spe- this inspiring theme: cially for the study of missions. ERthusiasm rose to such a great The world is small and belongs to height during the meetings that God, who brings its farthest ends when this proposition was together in the service of his spreadlaunched a congregation of 1,100. ing kingdom. Ohio has its little people rose unanimously to vote chapter of the great story. When in favor of it. The next day the Dr. H. A. Schauffier was a missionorganization scheme was formu- ary of the American Board in lated and adopted. That is a great Austria, Marie Reitinger was constep forward, and worth the whole verted under his ministry. After outlay and effort of the convention Providence had thrust him through -a convention, by the way, distin- the open door into the great Slavic guished by the absence of all col- work in Cleveland, she came back lections, being purely educational to be a valued helper in the work for which she has spoken witb acceptance far and wide.

Bertha J uengling,. a Polish girl, speaking German fluently, as well as English and her native tongue, was one of the early graduates of the Bethlehem Bible and Mission- ary Training School. When she married an American pastor, Rev. Rupert W. Harris, it seemed at first that Providence might have made a mistake; but, after aiding her husband in home missionary service in Iowa, and receiving or- dination at the desire of those who best knew her work, the two have returned to Ohio, to bring back from the dead two Cincinnati churches and to put them apparent- ly in a larger place of power for their communities than ever before.

Meanwhile, Bethlehem Church in Cleveland has raised up a genera-

tion of young people with a notable clerks and artisans; homes for girls working in stores and offices; homes missionary spirit, not content to for children; rescue homes for fallen fill working-places in the mother women; slum posts for slum visita- tion and meetings; slum day nurs- Church, but ready for the hard eries for infants; cheap food depots places of the great field. Lewis and cent meals; cheap clothing and Hodous, a son of Bethlehem, grad- second-hand stores; salvage briuate of Adelbert College and Hart- gades for collection of household and office waste; wood-yards; emford Seminary, and since a student ployment bureaus; Kni.ghts of Hope in Germany on the Hartford fellow- for prison visitation and ex-crim- inals; winter relief; medical relief, ship, and Miss Anna Jelinek, also including free dispensaries; sumof Bethlehem and a graduate of mer outings for the poor; penny ice-wagons; Christmas and Thanks- Oberlin, his betrothed-for love giving dinners; missing friends and inquiry department; farm colonies works the same sweet way in Slavic for the poor. hearts-are under appointment of Young People A conference of the American Board to the Fuchau Mission, China. So close are Au's- and Missions leaders in mission tria, Iowa, Cincinnati, China, and work among young Cleveland in the plan of God! people was held in New York in Density of It is generally sup- D~cember, when 200 came together Population in posed that New from points as distant as Virginia, Chicago York has the den- sest and most over- Colorado, and Toronto. All were crowded tenement population in leaders among young people. The the world; but, according to Mr. Robert Hunter, "it is very prob- heartiest fellowship prevailed, and able, if we could compare the height of the dwelling and its density of 14 denominations were represented. population in the Jewish, Italian, Polish, and Bohemian districts of Around the walls was a great Chicago with the like in districts elsewhere, the real density would array of articles for missionary adequal the worst in the world. The density of population per acre in vertising-maps, charts, diagrams, the Polish quarter in Chicago is three times that of the most mite-boxes of quaint designs, scenes crowded portions of Tokyo, Calcutta, and many other Asiatic in mission lands, missionary pericities."-Report ofCity Homes Association. odicals, pamphlets, and books.

Salvation The" submerged" Bright hintsfor missionary work- Army and the classes in America, ers kept pencils busy and crowded Poor including the crim~ the omnipresent note-book. For inal, the vicious and instance, these: purely pauper elements, number ·0 not less than 3,000,000 under favor- "Go to original authorities for your missionary information," said able sociological circumstances, Dr. Halsey. "Don'tget your goods of the .retailer if you can get them while the number is liable to in- of the wholesaler."

crease alarmingly during seasons of The small boy's recipe for the growth of a mission band: "Let commercial depression. For deal- one feller bring another feller, and then give the fellers something to ing with this mass of poverty and do."

suffering the Salvation Army in "Don't co v e r your missionary books," said Mr. Beach, "if you the United States has organized want them read. You have simply placed a coffin around them. Furvarious institutions and agencies. thermore, if you want missionary books read, have them bound in These include: red."

Shelters for homeless men; shel- One of the most lively sessions had for its theme the teaching of ters for homeless women; homes fOf missions in the Sunday-school, and·

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

for its culmination the adoption of attendance transfer them to the strong resolutions urging the Inter- national Lesson Committee to as- public schools. No fewer than 17,- sign one missionary lesson every quarter. "I'd rather," asserted 102 personal visits were made to Dr. Rhodes with emphasis, "that homes of the poor, in fully half of my boy should get a good idea of what God is doing in China to-day which gifts of clothing had to be than that he should get ever so good an idea of what He did to made. Cripples, heretofore neg- N ebuchadnezzar." lected, are carried by this society's Much interest was shown in .the Methodist plan of making every agents down flights of stairs in the Sunday-school a missionary. so- morning and up . again at night, ciety, with its own officers, and at least one missionary meeting dur- that they may go to and from the ing the year. society's schools in the society's The conference made manifest wagons. Nearly 500 children were the usefulness of closer union placed in farmers' homes in the among mission workers. There were loud calls, for instance, for West, to be watched over by agents central bureaus of missionary in- of the society to see that they are formation and literature in large treated according to contract, and, cities. Uniform mission studies, especially, are sent to school.

missionary leaflets for Sunda.y- During its forty-nine yeal's of ac- schools, and exchanges of literature tivity the society has disbursed among mission boards are other $10,000,000.

possible results of the conference. Student Whatever it may The report of the sessions which is Missionary have been at first, Campaign the Student Misto be issued will be complete and sionary Movement invaluable. has become a mighty force for the The conference reached its climax world's evangelization. Take the with Mr. Speer's address-a fashion following as evidence, which re- conferences have. "I date my per- lates to but a single form of activ- sonal experience of the Christian ity among Presbyterian churches: life," he said, "from my reception Last summer 11 volunteers enterof the missionary spirit." He ed the field, whovisited 337churches, delivered 660 addresses, called on pleaded for a deeper consecration. 3,004 homes, leaving 837 missionary •• We can not accomplish by drive books and 1,103 church magazines .with them; placed 124 purely miswhat must be accomplished by de- sionary libraries (2,104 volumes) in votion." He made. an earnest plea young people's societies and Sun- day-schools; introduced systematic for home religion, declaring that. giving into 60 churches and 4 Chris- tian Endeavor societies; held con- "the home is the best place to reach ferences with 135 women's societies and 111 missionary committees; the young people."-A. R. WELLS. organized 12 women's societies, 5 young people's societies, 29 mis- Children's This organization, a sionary committees and 44 mission study classes; started monthly mis- Aid Society monument to the sionary meetings in 43 young peo- ple's societies, while leading 40 energy and devotion non-giving churches to give or inof C. L. Brace, is nearing its'semi- crease their gifts to foreign mis- sions. centennial. With $440,000 avail- Now it is Men, The Board of Forable for use last year, 19 day and 8 Now it is Money eign Missions of evening schools are maintained, the Presbyterian whose agents and teachers seek Church, North, has issued an ear- out children kept at home by the nestappeal tothe seminarystudents poverty, shiftlessness, and igno- rance of parents; and after cleaning them up and inducing regular

to consider the claims upon them Ashmore, Baptist missionary to of the work. Vacancies are to be filled, and reinforcements are China, tell the story: needed, and new stations are waiting to be opened. The support We found that the church had a seems to be in sight, but the men heavy infusion of the descendants are needed. With us in the South of the old missionaries who had it is just the other way. We have evangelized Hawaii: the Judds, the the men awaiting the ability of Binghams, the Gulicks, and others. our Foreign Mission office to send Well, here is a missionary church. them out. Doubtless more would They are carrying on a mission of respond from all our seminaries their own in the Gilbert Islands, and from the ranks of the younger sending money to the American ministry, but we are at this time Hoard also. Last year they gave in great and urgent need of the $40,000 to carryon their mission. means to sustain the missions al- This year they have already sent ready established and doing effect- $1,000 of Uncle Sam's yellow gold ive work.-Central Presbyterian. on to Boston, and the second and third thousand are to follow soon, New Life for The Americans are and that does not include private gifts of individuals whom the Lord Cuba beginning to show has prospered. The expenses of the church are all paid by private sub- that Cu ba, the scriptions and the Sunday collec- tions-every red penny of them. "Queen of the Antilles," reduced These collections have been some- times astonishing in size. On one to chaos by the tyranny and mis- Sunday they raised $14,000; on arl'other, by special appeal, they management of Spain, may be amounted to $34,000. Such giving as that would take the breath of transformed again into a fruitful the Baptists of a whole state with us. Not long ago, when the old garden. Large tracts of land, now Mother Board was in a pinch, they sent on $9,000 at a clip. overgrown with timber, are being Methodists in Rev. J. W. Butler cleared, and planted with tropical Mexico has this to say of fruit. The unsanitary fever-haunt- work in the capital ed cities and towns are being city of our neighbor republic: drained and cleared of infection, The Mexico Mission has been so that soon the natural advantages peculiarly fortunate in securing well-located properties in all its of the climate will be free from the more important centers. Take, for instance, Mexico city. Here, in 1873, incubus of a deadly danger. Better we came into possession of a part of what had formerly been the Conthan all, the American churches vent of San Francisco. It was pur- chased for $16,000 silver. A like are making a special mission field sum was immediately laid aut to adapt it to our purposes. Other of Cuba. The special conditions of improvements have followed since, till now we have an auditorium land and tenure just now make it capable of seating 800, with a chapel, or vestry, adjoining, which possible to evangelize the country will seat 150; a boys' school, where- in may gather 150 children; a bookafter the manner of Paul, the tent- store and publishing department large enough to do all our work for maker. A preacher can go to Cuba, the next 30 years; a free reading- room, open every day in the year; and if he can only get five acres of and separate residences for 2 mis- sionary and 2 native pastors' famland, which it is easy to do, he can ilies. Here the Gospel is preached every Sunday in 3 languages, and soon make a living for himself, services of some kind held nearly and in the mean time he can be doing mission work and establish a church.-London Christian.

The StrangeI it is 10- Banner Church cated, not in New for Giving York or in London, but in once benight- ed Honolulu. Let Rev. William

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

every evening. From this center markets just within the British go out about 4,000,000 pages of border; and into Abyssinia the religious literature annually. Bible is admitted freely.-British and Foreign Bible Society Report. The Bible in In this colony are British Guiana nearly 300,000 in- Wesleyan For years the West habitants, of whom Activity London Mission has fully half can claim negro-descent; over 105,000 are East Indians by at Home been carried on by direct immigration, 12,000 are Portuguese, 10,000 aborigines, 4,000 Hugh Price Hnghes Chinese, and 4,000 consist of Europeans, inclusive of those designated in St. James Hall. Not many weeks "whites other than Portuguese." The circulation of the Scriptures is ago a Methodist mission-hall was in the hands Qf agents of the British and Foreign Bible Society, who opened in Edinburgh, under the diact through 2 auxilaries, one of them having its center at Berbice, rection of Rev. George Jackson, and reports that in 1899 its sales were 1,805 copies in English and 128 situated at a favorable point for in Hindustani; while in 1900 th"tJy were 1,325 copies in English and 126 reaching thousands not in the habit in Hindustani. It receives from the parent society an annual grant of entering church doors. Manof £75 toward colportage expenses; and employs both an English and chester also has a similar work. an Hindustani colporteur, the latter at work among the numerous cool- Begun about fifteen years ago, it ies in the colony. has steadily grown, until its influ- EUROPE ence is felt throughout the entire God's Word It is a striking fact Going Forth that, while of the city of nearly 1,000,000. Twenty- thousands of new one services are held each Sunday, books published each year not one in three reaches a second edition, with an average attendance of and the average life of a modern book is only four or five years, there 15,000. Every week there ar~ is an ever-increasing and widening demand for new editions of the 33 prayer-meetings, 80 fellowship- Bible. Last year nearly 5,000,000 copies of the Bible or portions were meetings, 9 Bible classes, and 30 issued. In South Africa many thousands have been distributed in open-air services. Over 4,000 attend the camps, to the Boers as well as to the British. Among the new the temperance meetings every versions is one in Baluchi, the language of the half million pastoral Saturday evening. There are 2,500 people in the highlands of Baluchistan. Tho Tibet is closely children in the Sunday-schools of guarded against foreign intrusion, the society is sending the Bible the mission. Fifteen departments through traders who flock to the of social work are maintained, and more than 1,000 voluntary workers are engaged in various ways in spreading the Gospel, in minister- ing to the spiritual and temporal needs of a great multitude.

Tribute to Few laymen have a Good Soldier taken so active and practical a {lart in missionary work as Major-General Haig, who passed to his heavenly rest July 27th, last. When a young engineer officer, serving under Sir Arthur Cotton in the irrigation works planned by him on the God- avery River, his heart was drawn out toward the wild Roi people of the district; and in 1860, while Cotton wrote to the C. M. S. on their behalf, Haig held a prayer- meeting on the· spot. The society responded by sending out a promis-

tFebruary

ing young missionary, who is now ately after the return of monks well known as Canon Edmonds, of from the Philippines. Exeter. After Haig had retired from Indian service he still watched The first British possessions to over the interests of the mission, take alarm were the Channel Island in 1881-82 he went out himself ands. Vigorous action taken in and superintended, it while ~Ir. and Guernsey to prevent the settlement Mrs. Cain took furlough in Aus- of these uninvited guests has been tralia. Subsequently, his mission- followed by an act forbidding" perary sympathies turned to the Mos- sons of foreign nationality forming lem lands of Western Asia, and part of any religious order, if more an article by him on Aden led to than 6 in number, from settling in the society planning a mission at Jersey." In addition, members of that port, while an extract from it orders already in the island must printed in a religious newspaper register themselves and accept attracted the attention of Ion supervision. In the Isle of Wight Keith-Falconer, who soon after- a considerable addition has already ward went out to found the Scotch been made to the population in this mission there.-ChurchMissionary undesirable fashion, special pro- Intelligencer. vision having been made for their reception by their coreligionists.- The Expelled The United King- London Christian. French Friars dom and Holland The .. Christian A remarkable and seem to offer the readiest refuges for the friars ex- Brothers" in unequaled example pelled from France. In Belgium the Roman Catholic bishops have France of zeal for national imposed restrictions on such additions to their flocks, which are religious education practically prohibitive. Several of the Swiss cantons have explicitly has of late years been manifested denied entrance, and Germany is taking steps in the same direction. by the author of " Christian Even in Italy the adoption of precautions is being planned. Large Brothers," in France. When the bodies of tbe monks and nuns have sought asylum in SpaIn, where the French government abolished religlaws are entirely favorable to Roman Catholic institutions. The ious instruction in all the State authorities on the frontier report parties entering daily; and while schools of the country, the most of them go to the convents and monasteries of their respective "Brothers" established 40,000 volorders, others have bought landfor building in different provinces, untary schools on a definitely where they intend to settle. They will organize their communities Christian basis. To the service of under abbots and abbesses, as in France. Tho they have been kindly these schools about 120,000 teachreceived by the Roman Catholic community, Spanish Liberals and ers devote themselves, without Republicans are much displeased at this fresh influx, coming immedi- salary, and dedicate themselves to the work as to a vocation from God. Their coreligionists support them and the schools by a multi- tude of small weekly and monthly subscriptions. This wonderful effort, and on so grand a scale, merits the admiration of universal Christendom.

Temperance There are indica- Agitation e a t ion s that the in Germany people of Europe are awakening to the perils of the use of spirituous liquors. In Germany the society for "Combating the Abuse of

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

Spirituous Liquors" recently held where, and when it decided to fly a conference, at which Baron von with its own wings, and to estab- Diergardt said that alcohol would lish stations on the Gold Coast, it one day be universally regarded as sowed with graves for a long time. an enemy to civilization. He added At one time only a single laborer $750,000,000 are spent yearly in Ger- remained, who asked to be recalled. many for intoxicating liquors; the " Remain," said the committee, average German consumes 5 glasses with an authority which faith a day. The nation derives $41,000,- alone could justify. He remained, 000 revenue from spirits and $25,- and now the churches of the Gold 000,000 from beer. He said, further, Coast are flourishing; they reprethat one-third of the German ex- sent a total of about 17,000 Chrisports to Togoland and one-seventh tians, and among every 25 or 30 inof those to East Africa consist of habitants one is pretty sure to find alcohol. 1 Christian. In the district of Akorpong we find a Christian com- Hope Even It would seem that munity of some 1,600. These blacks, for Russia Russian opinion is aforetime so idle, have learned to work. Last year they made up at last awakening among them a sum of 45,000 francs, to the demand for religious tolera- largely gathered at mission festition. At a recent missionary con- vals and for mission undertakings. ference, held to discuss steps for When a chapel is to be built, or a proceeding against heretics, a lead- school-house, or a catechist's dwelling noble, M. Stachovitch, protest- ing, they give days' work without ed against the harsh measures in pay, and a great part of the matevogue, and said it was high time rials. There are among them 266 for Russia to concede to all the in- native helpers, of whom 24 are orvaluable prerogative of liberty of dained pastors.-Le Missionaire. conscience. Tho the proposal was rejected by the conference, it was ASIA taken up strongly in the secular press, which has published lumin- His Majest)r According to J. C. ous articles on the value of liberty the Sultan Goddard, in "A in matters religious. This is a hopeful sign, and the fact that the Leave of Absence," papers that have ventured on this Abdul Hamid reigns by intrigueand courageous step have not been sup- amid secret factions. The last sulpressed, as would inevitably have tan, it is said, committed suicide; been the case in earlier reigns, is a more probably it was "an assisted tribute to the new spirit which fate." The present sultan's brother emanates from the Czar, and which is called insane-convenient excuse is beginning to permeate down- for confining him in an asylum.. ward as well as to rise up from He wrings the life-blood from his beneath. When toleration becomes people by the most demoralizing a fact in the Russian Empire a great system of taxation on earth. The future will be opened to the Russian tree is taxed whether it is bearing people. or not, so that in Syria discouraged and frenzied farmers have been An Honored The Basel Mission known to cut down the olive grove • German was founded in 1815. in sheer desperation rather than be Mission Its restricted and taxed into bankruptcy. The court tim i d beginning lives in splendor; the people stran- gle with the mailed hand upon the consisted in training missionaries throat. Yet this is the sovereign for societies already founded else-

who s e official title is" Abdul guage, and the cast of mind pos- Hamid, the Beloved Sultan of Sul- sessed by the people of to-day.- tans, Emperor of Emperors; the Rev. F. E. HOSKINS.

Shadow of God upon Earth; Broth- Progress in The railway from er of the Sun; Dispenser of Crowns Palestine Joppa to Jerusalem. to Those who Sit upon Thrones; Sovereign of Constantinople and at first an experithe great city of Brousa, as well as ment; has been put upon a paying of Damascus, which is the Scent of basis. and other lines which will Paradise; King of Kings, whose connect it with points of interest Army is the Asylum of Victory; up and down the valley of the J 01'- at the Foot of Whose Throne is dan have been projected, or are Justice and the Refuge of the actually in course of builling. In World." Jerusalem there are now electric lights, telephones, phonographs, Beirut. the Beirut, with more sanitary plumbing, modern stores, houses built, and, in short, most of Metropolis of than l20,OOO people, the comforts of civilized life. Trol- ley lines are talked of to connect Syria is to-day the sixth Jerusalem with Bethany, Bethle- . hem, the Lake of Galilee, Samaria, city in the Ottoman Jericho, Nazareth, and other places made familiar through Bible his- Empire. According to the Tell el tory. With the introduction of these insignia of modern activ- Amarna tablets it has more than ity, the Palestine of the past will vanish. forty centuries of history behind it.

It has been heathen, Greek, Roman, Moslem, Saracenic, and Turkish in its history, but never really Chris- tian. No human alchemy could resolve the present population of Beirut into its original elements. Pilgrimages The usual ceremony Remotely Canaanitish, they have to Mecca connected with the had poured into their veins the departure of the blood of the Philistines, the Hit- sacred carpet from Cairo to Mecca tites, the Jews, the Greeks, the Ro- takes place in February. It is then mans, the Saracens; that of the transported by special caravan, and Crusaders, the Venetians, the Gen- escorted by a guard of Egyptian oese; that of the Turks, Kurds, and soldiers, to cover the soil of the Circassians, and now that of every kaaba in the holy city of the Mo- modern race of Europe. The stock hammedans. After that time the is essentially Semitic, but the embarkation of numerous pilgrims branches defy classification. Each takes place, and they engage in the race and strain and blood has con- ceremonies through which, ever tributed some characteristics to the since the time of Mohammed, many present people, making them the a sin-tossed soul has vainly sought most versatile, baffling, and cosmo- to obtain peace and salvation. That politan dwellers in this enchanted a visit to the sacred shrine is pow- land. Each separate invasion, with erless to effect any change in heart its corresponding" civilization, has and life is now so recognized, even brought with it some peculiar con- by the Arabs themselves, that one ception of God, and the struggle of of their proverbs says, "Wllo is the nations is a striking emblem of more cunning than a hadji (pil- the strife between these various grim)?" Answer: "One who IS conceptions of God warring for su- twice a hadji." In spite of the premacy. All have left their traces special prOVIsIOn accorded, after in human thought, human lan- several years of prohibition the

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

contingent of pilgrims from Algeria New Testaments, and single Gosand Tunisia is said to be unusually pels, in India, in memory of the small, and a French paper seriously late queen-empress. Altho the vast asks if it is indeed a fact that majority of the Indian people can the faith of the Moslems in not read, there are probably now their prophet is decreasing.-Mrs. 25,000,000 who can, and education is LILEY, in North Africa. spreading rapidly. The idea is that Christians in England should give Mission Work The societies at one or more copies of God's Word in Persia work in Persia are (or part of it) to each reading native; the following: The and it is suggested that men should send to men, women to women, chil- Presbyterian Board, the English dren to children. It is a vast under- Church Missionary Society, the taking; but the plans have been Assyrian Mission of the Archbishop worked out with great energy and of Canterbury, the Lazarist Order skill, and the response has been reof Roman Catholic Monks, and the markable.-C. M. S. Intelligencer. Holy Synod of the Russian Church. Working in cooperation with the Hindus Build A striking s tor y Protestant missions are the Amer- a Hospital comes from the city ican and the British and Foreign of Jodhpur, which Bible societies. The number of foreign missionaries in Persia is is the capital of Marwar, one of the about 120 of whom two-thirds are Rajput statlls, which has a popula- Protestan't and working in cooper- tion of about 2,500,000. The city ation. has a population of over 60,000, and is about 800 miles due north from It will be noticed that this list Bombay. An attempt in 1885 to contains all the great divisions of plant a mission there by the Scotch Christendom-Protestant, Angli- Free Church proved a failure, becan, Greek, and Roman Catholic. cause of the intense hostility of the A curious fact is that all of these people and the government. Yet a divisions are at work in the same year later Dr. Sommerville got a place and for the same people, in footh0ld for medical work, but Urumia and for the Syrians. In could obtain no suitable residence, Urumia there are also native Sy- the Maharajah stubbornly refusing rians or Nestorians supported by to grant a site for a building. But the Lutherans, Baptists, and oth- in God's providence an English offiers. Outside of Urumia, Teheran cer of Christian character, to whom is occupied by the Roman Catho- the Maharajah was attached, died, lics, and Salmas is another center and the widow was asked what of their work. The C. M. S. oc- form of a memorial' she would like cupy Ispahan, Shiraz, Yezd, and to have raised to her husband. She Kirman. The Protestant mission- replied that the thing she desired aries thus occupy 8 cities, the most was a site for a mission Roman Catholics 3, the Russians 1, bungalow. For a time the Mahaand the Archbishop's Mission 1, rajah hesitated, but later he gave besides 2 points in Turkish Kurdis- his consent, and, beyond this, he tan among the Syrians.-Rev. W. determined to el'ect the bungalow A. SHEDD. at his own expense. Since then Dr. Sommerville has labored most suc- The Bible for Are mar k a b I e cessfully, and has so won the hearts of all the officials as well as the India scheme has been set people that they resolved a 'few on foot by some in- fluential Christian men for the extensive distribution of Bibles,

years since to present him with a For the last six months every misnew mission hospital. This has now sion statIon in the Central Provbeen done, and the hospital was inces, in Gujarat, and in many formally opened in December, 1900. parts of the Western Presidency, The ceremony was most impressive, was converted into a relief camp. the Maharajah making a cordial The missionary workers did not address and others speaking in know rest, but were out day and high appreciation of the work done. night relieving distress and saving Then in solemn prayer the building lives. The strain was so severe was dedicated to the glory of God. that one of these workers writes: " Every mission in these parts has The Census Sir Charles Elliott, lost at least one European worker Testifies to in a letter to the by death, and ours one each month London Times, says for the last four months." Not Progress in reference to the only did these workers offer them- selves as a sacrifice, but money also question whether the recent census flowed freely for the relief of dis- tress from Christian centers in this will show that the increase in the country and abroad. Verily,Ohris- tian philanthrophy comes t 0 us number of Christians which pre- with healing balm for the many af- flictions. This humanity of Jesus' vious censuses have revealed has followers, and not their dogmas, will surely establish the throne of been maintained in the last decade: their Master on the love and rever- ence of civilized humanity. Let all By the kindness of Mr. H. H. classes of Indian society record Risley, the Imperial Census Com- their admiration to these worthy servants of Christ in unstinted missioner, I am able to ask you to measure.-Indian Messenger (Brahmo Somaj). publish the figures in the 9 prov- inces in which the tabulation of these statistics has been completed, For the remaining 18 we must wait a little longer.

Number of Native Christians PROVINCE 1891 1901 Ajmir……………. . 2,683 3,712 The Gospel Bishop Warne, in Assam …………… . 16,844 Baluchistan ……… . 35,969 in a the Indian Wit- Baroda………….. .. 646 4,026 Central Provinces… . 13,308 Chinese Heart ness, gives an inter- Central Jndia ……. . 5,999 7,691 Rajputana………. . 1,855 25,571 esting sketch, in Berar …………… .. 1,359 8,114 Punjab ………….. . 53,587 2,840 brief, of a Chinese convert in the 2,375 71,854 Penang District, Malay Peninsula, These figures relate only to minor as an illustration of the power of provinces, but so far as they go they the Gospel to transform character. satisfy our most sanguine hopes, He says: indicating as they do an increase of about 66,000 Christians, or 70 per When at Kuala Lampor, I found cent. above the numbers of 1891. the pastor was a bright Chinese, a convert from our church in Siam. Hindu Praise Famine work must Four years ago he was a poor, of Missionaries not close without a ignorant, withered up. opium- smoking coolie in Siam. He wa'3 word of recognition converted, called to preach, anri of the valuable services rendered was brought to the Penang Theoby Christian missionaries toward logical School. He has since learned mitigating its horrors. Honor to to read the Ohinese Bible, ariththese ambassadors of Christ! They metic up to square root, writing, h a v e proved themselves t 0 be geography, and has read in Chinese worthy followers of Him whose three volumes of church history, heart bled for the sorrows of men. the Discipline, the Catechism, the Philosophy of the Plan of Salva·

1902J GENEItAL MISsioNARY iNTELtiG~NcE

tion, Binney's Theological Com- of influence. On the withdrawal pend, Evidences of Christianity, a of the allied troops from Pekin, his life of Christ, an account of the troops, drilled after European religions of China-Buddhism, fashion, took over the policing of Confucianism, Taoism. He has the capital. Now he steps into the learned in a tonic sol-fa system to viceroyalty of Chih-li as leading read music at sight and to lead a official in China, and as such much congregation in singing in tune will be expected of him in his alld time. When I saw this man, exalted position. Hitherto he has an intelligent preacher, and showed himself not unfriendly to thought of what he was four years ago, I felt the days of miracles were Christian missions, and it would be not past, and that no one should well here to recall the word~ of his doubt the value of missions and famous proclamation issued but a the elevating power of the Gospel. few months ago-by some called The Work in Dr. Ross writes us the Magna Charta of Christians in Shan-tung: Manchuria from Mukden con- I have instructed that procla- cerning the prog- mations be put out. I propose hereafter to have lasting peace. ress of Christianity in Manchuria Church interests will then prosper and your idea of preaching rightsince the Boxer outbreak. He says: eousness I can promise. The pres- ent overturning is of a most ex- In Mukden we have over 1,300 traordinary character. Everywhere stalwarts and over 600 weak ones. in Shan-tung it is now quiet . . . The latter we do not acknowledge and if you (Protestant missionaries) meantime within the church. The wish to return to the interior I citycongregation is as prosperousas would beg of you to first give me ever financially-indeed, gave more word, that I may most certainly this year than ever before. They order the military to carefully prohave supported their pastor and an tect and escort you. evangelist, and have set up a new school. They are in great enthusi- The God of The real modern naasm. We have twelve chapels China tional god of the Chiopened in connection with this nese, says the late city, besides our new church hall here. For all which and more we Dr. Ernest Fabel', is Kuanti, the are devoutly thl',nkful to the" Preserver of Men." god of war, a general who was be- headed in the time of the "three Li-Hung- With the passing of Kingdoms," 220 A.D. "He is wor- Ch&ng's L i-H ung-C han g shipetl to oppose the evil spirits, and indeed to help against every Successor there steps into the kind of evil. His image is to be found not only in the homes but most important in special temples, and in almost every Taoist and Buddhist tempost in the empire a man of a very ple. . . . Such reverence to war- riors among the Chinese is the different stamp, and one who has strongest proof that the Chinese spirit is predominantly warlike. already proved himself a capable The instances adduced for the oppo- and enlightened official. Yiian- site opinion, and repeated again and again by -foreign authors in Shih-Kai was envoy to Korea general works on China, have their cause not in the Chinese spirit but when the difficulties arose which in other circumstances, of which I culminated in the Chinese-Japanese will mention: inferior weapons, war. As Governor of Shan-tung during the time of the Boxer rising he was able to keep the foreign powers in touch with Peking, for it was he who sent through the first message to the beleaguered Euro- peans; alld all through Governor Yiian remained true to the interests of Europeans, and formed the com- pact with the central viceroys to keep Boxerdom out of their spheres lack of drill, bad organization, de- is a mistake to say that most of ficient care for sick and wounded, these go out as missionaries. There the lack of thoroughly educated are about 1,500 who come from officers, and the universal cor- countries other than Egypt. But ruption of the Mandarins."-Zeit- most of these are sons of sheiks, schr'ift fur lI'Iissionsknnde. or wealthy men, who look upon the Azhar as the best place for their A Great Work In Korea, says The sons' education. What, in a word, in Korea Life of Faith, "a is the result of the education? The church has grown divorcement of memory altogether from reason and intellect. The de- up almost spontaneously, 'unorgan- velopment of a personality who is ized, pastorless, yet vital, self- useless for any other occupation supporting, and self-propagating, than that of teaching Arabic phon- perhaps as near the apostolic model etics, grammar, and the Koran, the as the world has 'seen anywhere closing of the mind to all honest since. There are about 300 rec- inquiry, all modern ideas and truth, ognized Christian congregations outside the Koran and the Arabic under several bodies of foreign mis- language. In spite of this, how- sionary workers, and about as ever, there is now a growing de- many more observe some form of mand on the part of. the pupils gathering for weekly worship. themselves for a knowledge of Eng- lish, and as this can not be given The Bible One of the most within the precincts of the mosque, in Japan cheering signs of it may be our opportunity to give what they need." ' the times in the – Sunrise Kingdom is found in the The Native In the Rheinische Christians in lI'Iissions Berichte rapidly increasing sales of the Scriptures. If Bibles, and Testa- Africa reference is made to ments, and parts are included, we a conference which have for the last three years an advance from 45,000, through 98,000, took place between the brethren .to 137,000, and 92,000 for the first engaged in missionary work among six months of 1901. the Hereros in German Southwest Africa. The main subject for con- AFRICA sideration was "The Inner Condi- tion of the Herero Churches." The AI Azhar Rev. D. M. Thorn- Herero missionaries expressed their University ton, writing to the full concurrence in the sentiments in Cairo Student Movement, expressed, for which reason con- says: "Probably sensus of opinion at this conference cannot fail to interest a wider cirthe greatest educational influence cle.

in the Moslem world is 'al Azhar' The carnal mind is everywhere the same, but its outward manifes- University here in Cairo 'the vic- tation differs according to the vary- ing character of different races, and torious.' I think that the religious excrescenses, which to us appear peculiarly ugly, may be found in influence of the place is fast wan- our midst under the disguise of another name. Nor should we foring, even tho the numbers still keep get that these converts are but just emerging from a state of whose very large. I find there are about 2,000 pupils who might be called undergraduates, and about another 6,000 to 7,000 who range from the ages of twelve to eighteen. The remaining 8,000 or so are merely boys, most of whom are in the pre- paratory schools round C a i l' 0 , taught by accredited sheiks. It

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

degradation we can not possibly disgust, conscious of no dark spots, but which should rather beget in form an adequate conception. The them the very spirit of intercession and the very pity of Christ. paper may be summ&rized as fol- B. HITJER. lows: Endeavorers in The South African The first thing that strikes you Very Deed Endeavorer tells of about the African is that he says a society which has "yes" to everything. You ask him whether he is really converted and 3 members at the front who never loves the Lord Jesus Christ, and he fail to send their responses for the promptly answers with a joyful monthly consecration meeting. On "yes"; but it means so little. As one occasion, however, one member a catechumen his conduct may have was unable to get his letter off in been exemplary and full of promise, time, so he tried to send his response such as fully justified his teacher by wire. This proved impossible, in baptising him. But after his as both clerk and censor were con- baptism, when he is removed from vinced that the Scripture reference the watchful superintendence of was an attempt to convey secret the missionary, he is no longer care- intelligence. ful in his walk, and is apt to relapse into his old habits. Of course there ISLANDS OF THE SEA are many exceptions, but for the majority the abo v e experience Sailors' Home After delays and holds good. A renewal of the in Manila obstacles, a mission heart, such as means death to "the to seamen in Manila old man, corrupt according to the deceitful lusts," they are, for the has been started which bids fa,ir to most part, strangers to; and while continue and to flourish. In con- the desire is there to walk in the nection with it a sailors' home has spirit, it is continually thwarted by been opened. In a single month- the low, carnal mind. August 15th to September 14th- 630 seamen slept in the home, ",nd There is a deplorable absence of there was an average of 30 in it truthfulness, even in the most during the daytime. Mr. Carl S. trivial matters, and they will not Sather is the superintendent, and scruple to tell a dozen lies to escape seems to have influence both among a rebuke. They are terribly afraid shipmasters and sailors. The Rev. of exposure, and so there are cases J. L. McLoughlin begins to see of converts who have secretly in- daylight after much darkness. Be- dulged in gross sin, yet continue to sides prayerful patience there is . join in the Lord's Supper (a sacra- need of business ability and large ment to the observance of which means in solving all the problems they attach great importance), be- that present themselves for rapid cause their withdrawal from it solution.-Sailors' Magazine. would create question and suspi- cion. In this manner they seek to Industrial We gather from hide their vices, and when ques- School the Rheinische Mis- tioned about them they take refuge in lies, hoping thus to escape dis- in Sumatra sions Berichte that grace. the i n d u s t l' i a I Their gross sensuality is, indeed, school established by that society a sad stumbling-block in the race at Si Antar is progressing steadily. set before them, and causes many One of the brethren has come home to make shipwreck of their faith. on furlough, in order better to They are wholly occupied with the qualify himself for the office of things that are seen, and most of superintendent of this school, and them, so far as one may judge, seem to begin to realize the things un- seen and eternal only when they are preparing to die, and to throw themselves unreservedly upon the mercy of God as this world fades from their view.

It is a somber picture that is here presented, from which our own churches may turn away in secret

is making practical acquaintance ent missionary tour. He was prewith carpentering, watchmaking, printing, brickmaking; is learning paring to visit the aboriginal how mills are constructed (in order to put an end to the present pro- missions of Northern Queensland, cess of rice-stamping, which is such a grinding task for the poor wo- thence to New Guinea and through men); is acquainting himself with the most approved methods of the Oriental mission fields in Siberia slaughtering animals (for the purpose of putting a stop to the present to Europe, whence he will proceed inhuman practise); and is picking up as many hints a,s he can in the to the African missions. He expects making and repairing of musical instruments, and in various other to devote three years at least to directions. this tour of visitation. The Papuan The Papuan perma- at Home nently disfigures him- A new departure is being in- s el f through an at- augurated in the educational sys- tem of Fiji under a capable leader, tempt to add touches and charms the Rev. W. E. Bennett, M.A., to his natural appearance. He the principal of the Westeran Colbores a hole through the septum of lege at Navolan. Hitherto the eduhis nose, in which he carries his cation of the preachers and others long shell nose-stick. His ears are has been in the vernacular. But usually so cut and torn that the this opens a very limited area of lobe hangs in a festoon several literary and scientific knowledge inches long and almost touches his to them. Not only are there few shoulders. We shall judge him books in Fijian, but it would be lightly with regard to this mutila- impracticable to put many of our tion of his ears, if we will try to masterpieces in that language. imagine the position we ourselves Now English is to be taught and would be in without our pockets. the rich realm of our literary The Papuan wears nothing but a treasures will be open not only to broad leaf round his loins, and he those trained only in the college, often carries in the lobes of his ears but this will be universal practise what would go into his pockets if in all the schools of Fiji. he wore clothes. He does not cut his ears, to begin with, with a view In American Samoa there is very to extra carrying accommodation gratifying evidence of the depth of this kind; but the habit soon of religious prin~ples. A girls' grows upon him to put these elastic seminary has been built at Leone, bands to some practical use, and it to which the native Christians on is astonishing how much strain they one small island have contributed will bear. $2,000 out of an aggregate annual income of $3,000. This in addition Among Our correspondent in to supporting their own pastors. the Islands Victoria, Australia, A feature common to all the Chris- tian communities of these islands sends us the following is the strict observance of the interesting items of information Lord's Day. It is fenced apart and gathered in an interview with Rev. kept for sacred uses. The Governor W. E. Geil, of America, who has of Samoa invited the natives to a recently visited Fiji, Samoa, Tonga, dance one Sunday afternoon, but and Nlow Zealand, on his independ- none, of the Protestant Christians responded to this high official's be- hest. and it was reserved to a few Roman Catholic girls to save the governor's invitation from abso- lute neglect. The Roman Catholics are pressing agents of various grades into every mission field of the Pacific, but their success is by no means commensurate with this wide-spread devotion of men, wo- men and means to the conversion of the heathen.

Among the Maoris of New Zealand extensive efforts are being made for the education of the girls. Hitherto the boys have been almost exclusively cared for, but the ob- vious need for the training of the

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

women is leading to this movement, in the word of Scriptu1'e ; a gradual in which the Church of England is rooting of Christianity in the taking a prominent position. The national life; and a thorough traineducated Maoris are becoming in- ing and development of leading CI'easingly alive to the importance characters, in whose hands the of sanitation and improved do- guidance of the churches may be mestic methods. This may account placed. The acquisition of native for the arrest of the decadence of organs of teaching and guidance is this race-a fact which the last of the most imperative necessity; census has made apparent. only in connection with this can financial and evangelizi~g inde- Christian A letter from Rev. pendence be achieved.-Prof. Gus- Endeavorers John M arrio tt, TAv "VARNECK, in Allgemeine Missions Zeitschri/t. in Sampa Malua Institution, Samoa, says:' "I Missionaxy T his, "Missionary Thermometer Thermometer" is have been carefully collecting the statistics of our Christian En- reproduced fro m deavor societies. In the Samoan the Church Missionary Gleaner, group we have a total of 1,822 be- and was sent to them by an Auslonging to the Endeavor society. tralian friend. May its message In the Gilbert Islands we have go home to many hearts! 3 societies and the total of members is 360. .In the Ellice gro'J.p we BURNING Glorifies and magnifies Jesus. have 7 societies and a total of 706 ANIJ members. In the Tokelan group Mightily used by God. we have 2 societies_and 335 mem- SHINING Well-pleasing in His sight. bers. In Samoa we have the fol- John v. 35 lowing: In the Malua Institution Seeks entire consecration, and for the training of native ministers ALTAR obtaInS Holy Ghost power. we have 87 members. In the Pa- FIRE panta Girls' Boarding School we Always abounding in the work have 41 members. In the Atauloma Matt.iii.ll; ot the Lord. Girls' Boarding School we have a 1 COl', xv. 58 society of 14 members just com- Filled with love to God and menced. We have 12 societies in LIVE fallen humanity. the Talealili' district, with 279mem- COAL bers. We have, therefore, a total Isa. vi. 6, 'l ReW:hin~ ::~~y~~;re?O anyof members in Samoa and the outstations of 1,822… GLOWING Feelfu~lter:h~a~o~~~at~d~e!pci~ Acts xvi. 9; MISCELLANEOUS 1 John iii. 14 ye unto all the ,,"orId." etc.

The Native The independence WARM Prays earnestly, and gives Churches and of churches won 1 John freely to the cause of mis- Self-support from among the sions. iv. 15, 16 heathen _consists Hears the message, "Ye are not essentially in three points: that TEPID they should support themselves Rev.lii.15,16 ;'1~h o:~~i~~rle(fr~~~~lgv~~ out of their own means; that they s h 0 u I d administer themselves STILL 19,20). through their own organs; and COOL .A nxious to work for God. that they should extend themselves Mark iv. 5-7 Confesses Christ at home (Luke by their own impulse. Now to COLI) achieve this there is required a FREEZING viii. 39). long process of education-namely, Rev. iii.. . a firm settlement of these churches th~d,d~~! s~~~~'1'idle on the ZERO Phil. iii. 18,HI harvest plain! Thinks charity begins at home (and ends there). Lack of interest in His work.

Callous about the heathen. Thinks missions a huge mis- take.

Opposes ~nd cr~ici~!J, missiqnfh

Nine These words are tury. He said 2,240 baptisms were in evangelical churches, 57,300 in Arguments for mighty, coming as Roman Catholic churches, and 74,- 500 in Greek Catholic churches. Missions they do from Hon. The average number of baptisms is 1,500 a year, excluding the Roman John Barrett, Min- Catholic Church. Of these 800 are baptized in the Lutheran and ister to Siam, and for seven years Episcopal Church, 200 in other Protestant churches, and 500 in an extensive traveler throughout the Greek Catholic Church. " The Russian, Polish, and Orthodox the East: Hebrew in general," said Mr. Meyer, "is as prejudiced as he was 1. In my experience as a United in the decades gone by. The Amer- States Minister, 150 missionaries, ican Hebrew, especially the Re- formed Hebrew, is polite toward scattered over a land as large at> the Christianity, tho underneath the German Empire, gave me less old fire of prejudice and antipathy still burns." trouble than 15 business men or merchants. Scientists. etc•• Many a night I but No have looked up into 2. Everywhere they go, in Siam or Burma, in China or Japan, they Missionaries a clear sky and cried for menl I tend to raise the moral tone of the community where they settle. find scientists seeking bugs, men going into the heart of the country 3. They are the pioneers in edu- to plant cocoa plantations, or to cation, starting the first practical build cattle ranches, but day after day and week after week I scarcely schools and higher institutions of see a missionary. 0 for men!- learning, teaching along lines that BISHOP HARTZELL. develop the spirit of true citizenship, as well as of Christianity. Speedy The editor of the Evangelization Baptist Missionary 4. They develop the idea of patriotism, of individual responsi- Review, published at Madras, thus speaks of the disbility in the welfare of the State. cussion regarding the evangeliza- 5. They carryon extensive med- tion of the world within the next few years: "If the present agitaical and surgical work, build hos- tion results in increased impatience of everything that is slow enough pitals and encourage sanitary meas- to be permanent, the cause of mis- sions will receive more injury than ures, and have been the chief agency benefit from it. If, on the conthroughout Asia to check the trary, the wonderful possibilities spread of diseases like small-pox, before a fully consecrated and cholera, and the plague. united Church shall result in a greatly increased number of Chris- 6. They do a great work of tians determined to do each his own charity, and teach the idea of self- individual duty to the utmost of help among masses otherwise his ability, beyond a doubt we doomed to starvation and cruel shall see wonderful things result in slavery. the next few years."

7. They are helpful in preparing the way for legitimate commercial expansion, and almost invariably precede the merchant in penetrating the interior.

8. They have done more than either commerce or diplomacy to develop respect for American character and manhood among the countless ignorant millions of Asia.

9. They are a necessity to the Asiatic statesmen and people to provide them with that instruction and information required to un- dertake genuine progress and de- velopment.

From Judaism Recently the Rev. to Christianity' Louis E. Meyer, of Hopkinton, Iowa, caused a sensation in the Hebrew Messianic Conference by declaring that 204,540 Hebrews had been baptized during the nineteenth cen-