The Missionary Review of the World — February 1922

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Please mentint THJt MrsS10NARY RltVIlW OF THlt WOR1.D in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor CONTENTS FOR FEBRUARY, 1922 Page FRO~TISPIECE ………….. CHINESE GRANITE ARCH IN HONOI< OF AMERICANS EDfTORIAL COMMENT ………………………………………….. .

CEMENTING CHINESE AMERICAN FRIEND- THE CHURCH AND NATIONAL PROBLEMS COOPERATIO~ A1IONG HOME MISSION SHIP FOREIGN MISSION BOARDS IN CONFERE~CE EXECUTIVES 'rIlE SECRETS OF A CHINESE CITy ……………… By HARLAN P. BEACH 93 The findings of a social Slll'j'CY of Peking shown by map8, rliotog1'aphs, and rcrorts of investigators.

F011WARD MOVEMENTS IN SOUTH CHINA ………….. By A. A. FULTON 101 Evidences of the progress of Christianity and the Development of the Chinese Christian Ch1lrch as seen in the work of the last twenty-five years in Southern China.

ACHTEVEMENTS OF ONE HUNDRED YEARS …… By FRANKLIN J. CLARK 107 A story of the world-wide w01'k of the Protestant EZ,iscol'al Church as con· ducted by the Domestic and Foreign Mis8ionary Society, illustrated with pliotographs of "adous fields and types of W'01"Ic.

THE CAUSE OF CHAKGES IN KOREA …….. By REV. JOHN NELSON MILLS 115 A visitor's impres.'I'ioli of the new del'e/opments in Korea both relig'io"s and political.

THE JAPANESE VIEW OF CHRISTIA::-<ITY TN JAPAN .. By DR. TAKUMA DAN 119 An address delivered at a reccption to Japanese business nlen in New York City.

'l'IIE SOUTHERN MOUNTAIN PROBLEM ___ … ' _…. By ROBERT S. WIGHTMAN 20 A part of the great unfinished task of the Christian Ch"rah in America de· scribed by pen and picture as seen by a visitor to the mountain regions of the Southern H,jghlands.

}<'ROM STOKER TO MISSIONARY ……………… By HUBERT G. STACEY 127 The personal story of a stoker in the B"it'ish Navy who was converted in China and later went as a misGionary to soldiers in India.

HOW TO GET MISSIONARY BOOKS READ . . • . . . . . . . . . . . By MRS. E. C. CRONK 129 WOMAN'S HOME MISSIO::-< BFLLETIN …… EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 135 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ………………… _………….. _……. ,. 138 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY ……………….. , …. , …. _…… ,…. .. . 155 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published Monthly. Copyrighted, 1921, by Missionary Review Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office at Harrisburg, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

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Brains and belief often go together- Most Christian people to-day are 110t getthough some would have us believe they do ting their work done in a satisfying way. not. Some of the world's greatest Bible Either they are attempting too much, or scholars are to-day making masterly con- they han not learned how to organize their tributions in defense of "the faith once for time and strength. There are Christian all delivered." The Sunday School Times men and women who are solving this probbrings you the most illuminating lindings of: lem in their own experience, The answers to the question will be gi vell by SIR. WII.LlAM ,VI. RAMSAY. D.O., D.C.L., LL,D., Litt.D., the greatest living archeo- The Busy Christian Mother logical authority in :'ew Testament lields. The Christian Business Man PROFIlSSOR ROBERT DICK VILSOK. Ph.D., Th ~ Busy City PastJr D.O., master of twenty-six languages. The Busy Country Pastor The Crowded Christian College Student PROFESSOR :MIll.YIN CRO'" Kn.TS. D.O., The Christian Girl in Business L1.D.. the Times' .rcheological Editor, just back from a trip through Bible lands. Live Ways of Working THE RB·. W. H. CRIFFITII TnoM.s, 0,0.. Yith its new "Vays of Working" Editor, formerly of Oxford, Eng., who can "deal Hugh Cork, whose experience as an allwith the most subtle difficulties of scien- rOllnd Sunday-school practical man and extific and theological thought, and at the pert is so notable, the Times is prepared to same time present a message fitted to the give its readers the richest program in its understanding and heart of a little child," history for making the local Sunday-school successful. In addition to descriptions of PROFBSSOR A. T. ROBERTSON, Th.M., D.D., successful methods of work in almost every LL.D., a recognized authority the world issue, the following features will appear around on the Creek of the :'ew Testament. from time to time: Archeology's Thrills "QUESTION BOXES FOR SUNDAY·SCHOOL WORKERS)" by Sunday-school experts. Think of digging up, or deciphering, something several thousand years old that WORLD·WIDE SUNDAY·SCHOOL NEWS agrees exactly with the Bible! The arche- OBJECT LESSONS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE ologists keep on doing this-and draling PARENTS' PROBLEMS drafh-himcs to thc dcnials of the Higher PRIZE CONTESTS ON Critic iSI/l , Professor :YIelvin r;rove Kyle, D.D.. L1.D.. conducts the Times' depart- How I Prepare My Lesson for Teaching ment of ".rcheology and the Bihle" He How I Teach the Lesson in Class went again to Palestine and Egypt in 1921, What Makes a Good County Oonvention 1 gathering the latest news of exploration Wha.t the Convention Did for Onr School without tlte hindering presencc of the lurk. How We Won and Held a Large Attendance His department keeps you posted. Lesson Helps That Help Your Reserve Teaching Material You will find nothing in The Sunday School Times' lesson helps that shakes one's faith in the Bible. There are more than a dozen different treatments of the lesson in Constantly you find the need of informa- written by men and women who know that tion, do you not, when preparing a Sunday- the whole Bible is the Word of God. school lesson for teaching, that is llot given even in the every-week lesson-help in the The simplest way to gai1l all this richness is to 'Use Times or elsewhere' It is to meet this at once the "Get-AcqllaintedH offer b)· which many , need that the Times secures its now famous tl10llsaHds ha't'c come to know The Sunday School "sidelights" on the lessons from the world's Times. This coupon is for ),OIlY con1.'effience. BlIt greatest Bible teachers. On the rich lC)22 don't let the COUpOH limit SOli. Any number of "Get- Old Testament lessons: A(qllai~ltcd" slIbscriptiollS accepted at same rate.

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The lews' Exile, Then and Now For the 25 cents encJo."ed please send The Sun- The Jews' Restoration, Past and Future day School Times for IO weeks to The Meaning of Ezekiel'. Prophecy Xamc Daniel and the Higher Critics The Gr9&t Image and the World To·day The Glory of God's Temples The Walls of Jerusalem Address Please mention TH~ MISSIONARY REVIEW OJ/" 'rHt: VORLD in writing to ;]'flvertisers. Important New IE EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS Missionary Books CHAT THE CZECHO-SLOVAKS IN THE "REVIEW" AND THE MISSION BOARDS At the annual meetJngs of the Home Mis- AMERICA . KENNETH D. MILLER sions Conncil, the Council of Women for Prepared under the direction of the Inter-Church Home Missions, the Foreign Missions Con- World MoYement, and published for the Home ference and the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions there was evi- Missions Council and the Council of Women dent a very encouraging spirit of friendly for Home Missions cooperation with THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD. Resolutions were adopted This is the first volume of the NEW AMERICANS asking the Home and Foreign Mission Boards to cooperate financially to maintain SERIES of racial groups. It shows in brief outHne the the REVIEW and suggesting ways in which these Boards can help to increase the circusocial, economic and reHgious background of the Czecho- lation and to make the REVIEW a still greater power in promoting the missionary cause. Slovaks. An authoritative, compact handbook for study The Home Missions Council appointed the class ~lse. 12mo. Net $I.OO following members on a special committee to cooperate with the REVIEW: Dr. Charles L. THE BOOK OF MISSIONARY White, of the American Baptist Home Mis- sion Society; Dr. A. W. Anthony, Execu- HEROES BASIL MATHEWS tive Secretary of the Home Missions Coun- cil; Dr_ Ralph Welles Keeler, Director of Author of "THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH" the Bureau of Publicity of the Methodist Episcopal Board of Home Missions and Realistic stories of daring deeds of the great mission~ry Church Extension; and Rev. Wm. S. Beard, Secretary of Promotion of the Congregaheroes, by a master of the art of entertaining and in· tional Home Missionary Society, and Dr. F. C. Stephenson, Young People's Departfluencing the youthful reader. Izmo. Net. $1.50 ment Secretary of the Methodist Church in Canada. JOHN MACKENZIE The Douncil of Women for Home Missions w. DOUGLASS MACKENZIE, D.D., LL.D. voted to use tbree pages per month in the REVIEW for their Home Mission Bulletin and This brief, compact life of the great African missionary appointed as their special committee on the by his son, President Mackenzie of Hartford Theologica1 Editorial Council, Miss Florence E. Quinlin, Seminary, will be a very welcome addition to the list Executive Secretary of the Council of Womof popular missionary biographies. en for Home Missions, and Mrs. Orrin R. Judd of the American Baptist Home Mis- Boards. With portrait frontispiece. I2mo. Net $ .60 sions Society.

A GENTLEMAN IN PRISON The Foreign Missions Conference at its Atlantic City meeting devoted nearly a half TOKICHI ISHII hour to the presentation of the REVIEW and its service to the Foreign Missionary cause. Translated by Caroline Macdonald. With Introduc_ The following members were appointed from tion by Rev. John Kelman, D.D. the Conference and the Federation of Wom- an's Boards of Foreign Missions to repre- The amazing confessions of a Japanese criminal awaiting sent them on the Editorial Council: Rev. Wm. P. Schell, Secretary of the Presbyexecution in prison. A remarkable testimony to the terian Board of Foreign Missions; Mrs. Helen Barrett Montgomery, President of the saving power of the Gospel. Izmo. Net $r.75 Northern Baptist Convention; Rev. Frank- lin J. Clark, Secretary of the Presiding PROBLEMS IN PAN Bishop and Council of the Protestant Epis- copal Church; Rev. Enoch F. Ben, Editorial AMERICANISM Secretary of the American Board; Dr. James C. Joy, Editor of the Christian Advo- SAMUEL GUY INMAN cate and a member of the Board of For- eign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Author of "INTERVENTION IN MEXICO," etc. Church; Rev. Mills J. Taylor, Assistant Secretary of the United Presbyterian Board Mr. Inman speaks with the authority gained by long years of Foreign Missions and Rev. L. B. Wolf, of experience and travel in Latin America. Probably this Secretary of the United Lutheran Board of is the first adequate and exhaustive treatment of every Foreign Missions. phase of the relations between the United States and the twenty Latin-American Republics. 12mo. Net $2.00 There is great encouragement in the spirit of cooperation evidenced by these missionary AT YOUR RELIGIOUS BOOK STORE executives and it is hoped that the REVIEW will not only be strengthened financially and GEORGE H. DORAN COMPANY that its value will be increased by an im- provement in the quality and diversity of its 244 Madison Avenue New York contents.

PI,ease mention Tu'lt MISSIONARY RltVIJtW OF 'tHJt WORI.D in writing to advertisers. A Long Way To Go The Goal The Combined Budget of the Boards of Foreign Missions for the year end.. ing March 31st, as approved by the Executive Commission, amount to $3,960,000.

The Progress From April 1st, 1921 to January 16th, 1922, the total receipts from living Made donors towards this Budget were only $1,448,026.

From January 16th, to March 31st measures 74 days, within this time the Board must reach its Goal-It must The Distance receive $2,511,974.

to Travel If the Goal is not reached your mis.. Act-Now sionaries and the work they are doing I will suffer.

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A GRAN1 ' I' E AHCH ERECTED IN CHINA TO CEMEKT FRIEND SH I P WlTH AMERICA (See Duge 87)

FEBRUARY, 1922

XLV TWO CEMENTING CHINESE AMERICAN "FRIENDSHIP A BEAUTIFULLY carved granite arch (see frontispiece) has recently been erected near Chefoo, North East China, by a wealth~' Chinese merchant, Liu Dze Heng, in token of his gratitude for help received from an American Consul and because of his friendship for Americans. Mr. Liu has placed on the arch an inscription which reads: "Dedicated to and erected in honor of the citizens of the United States of America, our friends across the sea. May there be eternal peace between the two peoples. Liu Dze Heng. September 1921." The arch is at the entrance to a school which is now in process of erection and will train Chinese for enlightened service in the interests of better citizenship and world peace.

This is only one of the many bonds that cement China and America. First come the missionaries who for the past one hundred and fifteen years have devoted their lives to the enlightenment and salvation of China. Not only have thousands of Christian men and women given up home and kindred to carry the Gospel to China, but hundreds of them have laid down their lives ill service for the Chinese. Their sacrifice has not been in vain as is shown by the eminent Chinese who have heen trained in Christian schools an~l are now serving their country in the interests of peace and progress. 'rhree members of the Chinese delegation to the ,Yashington Conference are graduates of an American mission school, St. John's Episcopal College, Shanghai. They are Dr. Sao Ke Alfred Sze, Dr. V. K. ,Yellington ICoo, and Dr. C. H. -Waug. The latter is a Christian. Dr. Sze, the Chinese minister to the Fnited States, and a graduate of Cornell University, said recently in regard to Chinese American friendship: "One of the most gratifying phases of our participation in the Conference on Limitation of Armament and Pacific Far Eastern 87

Problems has been the realization that the American people are so wholeheartedly behind the aims and ideals of the Conference. It is this cordial friendship of the American people and their intense desire to promote a peaceful settlement of difficulties between nations that make us optimistic of this Conference as an important milestone on the road to universal peace. China owes much to the people of the United States. The first treaty between the United States and China made more than half century ago was unique among documents of those times in that it pledged the assistance of America to Ohina in case our country should ever need same. It is our hope now that the Oonference, in settling many of the problems of the Pacific, will mark the beginning of a new era in our commercia I relations.

"It is, however, in the realms of education and ethics that China owes most to the American people. The return of the surplus of the American share of the Boxer indemnity has enabled China to use this large fund for the education of her young men and women in the institutions of learning in the United States. On the other hand the educational work conducted in Ohina through direct contact, by the various educational institutions and missionary bodies of America, has been of such great benefit to China that it is beyond mere words fo express. I refer especially to the many institutions of higher educatIon maintained in China by the missionary organizations and to the medical educational work being conducted by the Rockefeller Institute at Peking. These are the elements of Western culture which have given China a real insight into Western civilization and have shown us that 'Western scientific advancement means more than guns and battleships and engines of destruction.

"The churches have done a great deal for China and the Chinese people. Of the three principal delegates sent to the Washington Conference, Dr. Wang, who is a Christian, Dr. Koo and myself have attended St. John's College at Shanghai, an institution maintained and managed by American missionaries. And so personally all of us have a good idea of the influence of the Ohurch in China.

"In the field of international politics, the American Open Door Doctrine has given us hope and protection during our period of transition from an ancient monarchial form of government to that of a modern republic based upon the enlightened consent of our people. The example of the United States will always stand out to us as a shining light in the path of progress."

The next natural step which China must take is to secure internal harmony and unselfish patriotism among officials. The secret of good government is loyalty to Almighty God and the secret of peace and good will among men is acknowledgment of Jesus Christ as the divine Lord and Saviour of men.

1922J EDITORIAL COMMENTS

FOREIGN MISSION BOARDS IN CONFERENCE As WE look back over a period of twenty-eight years we realize the progress that has been made in interdenominational coop- eration and in a united study and solution of missionary problems. When the .first Foreign Missions Oonference was held in New York, some of the officers were personally acquainted with each other but each Board was viewing its task as a unit and its responsibility was more or less disassociated from the work of other evangelical agencies. Today the Foreign Missions Oonference is a council at which the tasks and the problems are studied as a whole, plans are made for cooperative work and an effort is made for effective division of labor. The Oommittee of Reference and Council, with its headquarters and its General Secretary in New York, acts in behalf of all the cooperating Boards of North America and through its subcommittees studies the cultivation of the Home Church, religious work for Anglo-American Communities in foreign ports, the relation of missions and governments, missionary preparation and Christian literature. Statistics are also gathered, a research library is maintained and various conferences are held to deal with the special needs and problems of Latin America, India, Ohina, Moslem Lands, Medical Missions, Agricultural and Industrial Missions and other topics. These conferences and this cooperation have lead to great advance in the occupation of the .field and the improvement of methods such as could not have been attained by individual action. The smaller Boards especially benefit by the experience of larger Boards.

The Foreign Missions Conference in Atlantic Oity (January 11 to 13) brought together representatives of practically all the evangelical Foreign Missions Boards. The general theme discussed was "The National Consciousness of Peoples in Mission Lands and Its Effects in the Development of the Ohurch Today." Ample time was given for a consideration of the subject in all its phases. While there were many minor differences of opinion, the general conviction seemed to be that the time has come when the native leadership in the mission churches must be more adequately recognized. In Japan, Korea, China and India particularly the native Christians are demanding a more decisive voice in Ohurch affairs and are asking that the missionaries either a.ct as advisers on an equal basis or devote themselves to educational, evangelistic and literary work. In some lands, like India, the growing national consciousness seems at times in danger of obscuring the broader Christian consciousness of the people. It was the general conviction that the native Christians should be allowed and encouraged to increase their control of their own churches as fast as they can develop leadership and can assume the responsibility without too great detriment to the work.

Special topics brought up for discussion included the needs of

neglected Haiti and Santo Domingo, the practically untouched 2,000,- 000 nomadic people in Mongolia, the educational needs of equatorial Africa, a more adequate cultivation of the Home Church and the adjustment of missionary salaries and allowances to secure the most effective service. Committees were appointed to consider plans for establishing work in Mongolia, Central Africa and other unoccupied fields and to bring to the attention of the American people the existing conditions in Haiti and Santo Domingo. The President elected for the next annual meeting is Dr.•James Endicott, Secretary of the Methodist Missionary Society of Canada.

During the past year the Committee of Reference and Council has undertaken many important tasks-includiug cooperation in the formation of the International Missionary Council, the survey of Christian literature in Moslem Lands, the publication of "Missionary Ammunition" for pastors; the sending of an educational commission to China; conferences with various governments concerning missions in the Far East and in Mexico; the appointment of suitable men for consular and diplomatic positions, the opium traffic, problems in Portuguese East Africa, and New Guinea; China famine relief and missionary passports.

COOPERATION AMONG HOME MISSION EXECUTIVES F OURTEEN years ago the officers of Protestant Home Mission Boards first met in New York to study ways by which they could . learn from each others experience and could cooperate more effectively to win America to Christ. There was then much denominational rivalry in country towns, on western frontiers and in other home mission fields. This involved waste and sometimes fostered un- Christian jealousy. At the same time large areas aud special classes in America were neglected; there was no agreement as to the best methods by which foreigners and other classes could be reached, and there was practically no cooperative interdenominational work.

Today the Home Missions Council and the Council of Women fOl' Home Missions have headqnarters and Executive Secretaries in New York. Their special committees stndy the special problems connected with work in Alaska, for Indians, in cities, industrial centers and on frontiers, among Mormons, Spanish Americans, Hebrews, Orientals and other foreigners, among Migrant workers, Negro Americans, and in town and country communities. Recently a special department has been formed to study the recruiting of the Home Mission forces. Since these annual conferences were first held the money spent in Home Missions has more than doubled. The total appropriation reported for 1920 by sixty societies amounted to $23,135,601. The work has included many new fields and new methods have been employed to reach the unevangelized and the uneducated.

COlI1vIEN'I'

Preceding the recent New York meeting of the Home Missions Council and the Council of Women for Home Missions (January 8 to 11) a special conference was held to discuss Christian work among Negroes in the United States. Able addresses were given by both white and Negro leaders dealing with education, the Negro church and community, recruiting and training the Negro ministry, and interracial and interdenominational good will and cooperation.

The two Councils, of men and women, at their annual meeting held both joint and separate sessions to discuss the reports of the various committees. As a result of recommendations, a special com- mittee was appointed to investigate the need for religious literature for the blind, another to study the question of the standardization of Home Missionary salaries; and the enlargement of the work of the recruiting committee was advocated; group and national conferences on Indian work were approved; the Councils voted for cooperation with the REVIEW in maintainence and in its efforts to promote the work of Home Missions; another committee was appointed to co- operate with similar committees of the Foreign Missions Conference to study North American responsibility in Haiti and Santo Domingo.

Among the most interesting and noteworthy reports was that on Alaska, where an effort is heing made to divide the territory among denominational agencies so as to provide more adequately for its evangelization without waste or overlapping of effort. During thc past year plans have been made by the United States Government to unify and centralize the political responsibility and plans are under way also for the unification of religious responsibility. Interdenom- inational conferenccs are to be held in Alaska next year for this pur- pose. .

The Committee on Comity and Cooperation, through whose efforts such a notable survey was made in ~folltana, report that similar sur- veys should be made in other states but that the necessary funds are 1lOt available. There are lllany fields in which there should be read- jUFltments, some denominations withdrawing and others expanding.

This is 11articularly true in the work among Orientals in California.

The Roman Catholic Church is evidencing the benefits of unification in San Francisco while Protestants exhibit the disadvantage of small forces and scattered centers of work. Missions to American Indians show the great benefit of a thorough study and a positive program.

New fields have been entered and in old centers the work has been strengthened. Religious work directors have been placed in some non-reservation schools but many Indians are still beyond the reach of the Gospel.

Progress has been made in caring for the New Americans, es- pecially in providing foreign-language literature for them; with the cooperation of the new immigration commissioner, Mr. Todd, reli- g-ious services are being provided at Ellis Island. The" General

Oommittee on Immigrant Aid" is composed of representatives of thirty-two religious and social organizations. More than 3,750,000 Hebrews live in North America, only one-tenth of whom are in touch with synagogues. This people of God's ancient covenant are almost entirely neglected by Ohristians. Evidently there are still large and difficult tasks ahead of the Church before America can claim to be Ohristian.

THE OHUROH-AND NATIONAL PROBLEMS A N increased spirit of cooperation was evidenced in the meet- ing of the Executives of the Federal Council of Ohurches in Chicago last December. The aggressive activities and the useful publications of the various committees of the Oouncil in connection with the war, religious reconstruction in Europe, relations with Ohina and Japan, the Orientals in America, industrial justice, unemployment and disarmament have won the approval and cooperation of many churches and individuals.

At the recent conference the discussion related largely to questions of world brotherhood and cooperation among the nations in which the churches are realizing their responsibility and oppor- (unities as never before.

The" General Declaration" took for granted that the Ohurch, while it cannot define in detail the political methods and institutions by which war shall be ended, yet has a duty to state clearly the moral principles that underlie all international relationships and to insist that lawmakers, diplomats and all who represent government shall see that these relationships are founded upon Ohristian ethics. The nations must go further than the mere abolishing of battleships and land armaments. They must remove the causes of war and recognize as governing principle the teachings of Ohrist.

The Oouncil urged that each student body establish a committee on international justice and good-will for cooperation with the ~"'ederal Council; that the city church federations establish similar commissions for federation; that theological schools and seminaries be urged by their denominational authorities to provide adequate courses for their students in international problems and recommends that these schools open special courses for laymen wherein these problems may be elucidated and training for service along international lines be given.

These are all important subjects on which Ohristians as such and as citizens naturally have convictions and responsibility. IVe may not shirk our obligations but in giving large attention to these problems we must not neglect the chief work of the church for the spiritual salvation and training of men in spiritual life and service.

ONJ1 U~' PJ1KING'S SMELLS-PART OF THE "SEWER SYSTEM" OF

CITY. THE NIGHT SOIL OF THE CITY IS COLLECTED IN WHEELBARROWS.

TAKEN OUTSIDE THE CITY WALL AND DRlED FOR FERTILIZER The Secrets of a Chinese City* Revealed by the Social Survey of Peking "DREVIEWED BY PROF. HARLAN P. BEACH, NEWHAVEN, CONN. EDicATED to the missionaries whose work has made this study possible" is a novel note for a scientific survey of a famous city of the Orient. The presence of a scholarly sociological specialist in every part of Peking for months; snapping his graflex upon all phases of its social and even political life ; interviewing every variety of its cosmopolitan inhabitants; rallying to his assistan0e not only the oldest and most experienced missionaries, but officials of the new-old capital as well; calling in the services of Chrif:'- .tian church members who carried on an intensive social survey in the very heart of the ancient city; going out into the churches of the same capital to report results as the survey began to assume form, and surprising the residents with facts and arguments based upon it; arousing in Christian and non-Christian groups of young men and women of the student class a desire to undertake many things to amelliorate conditions-this is what the present writer saw going on for months in 1919. Now that practical young Christian, Sidney D. Gamble and his fellow-worker, John Stewart Burgess of the Peking Young Men '8 Christian Association, have given the world a multitude of facts derived from their survey. Even the casual reader can- *Pbotographic plates are taken by permission from Peking a SociaL Survey} by Sidney D. Gamble, assisted by .Jobn Stewart Burgess. Published by George H. Doran Co., New York. $5.00.

93

THE MISSIONARY nEVIEW OJ!' 'rIm WORLD

AMERICAH MISSION {F •C a III tP METHODIST MISSiON Pa •P o •P P C MISSIONARY WORK A Norm~1 School K – Kindergarten ® – North China Union Women's College B – Bible Training School • – Bible Women's Training &hool L – language School v – Commercial School c – Compound . , Middle School w – Med;cal College • – Cliapel I) – Girl" Middle School e – Women's Medical College * -o – American Bible Society N – Nurses' Traininj School I – C.toolic College British and Foreign Bible Society ~ – Nurses' Training School (Female) Y – Blind School E – catholic Seminary z – Union Church F – Dispensary 0- Orphanage G – Catholic Press t- Church M – Hospital I – Old Men's Home '1'- C.lholiC Church P – Primary School v- Y.M.C.A, * – Women's Hospital D – Girls' Primary School Q – Catholic Convent 0- Y,W.C.A. 1 – Chinese Independent Church R – International Reform Bureau J – Kindergarten Training School S – Salvation Army x – Theological Seminary (Catholic) c. – English Methodist T – Women's Christian Temperance Union u – Pekine: University t – Catholic Chapel cl – Independent c~ – AssembliiJS of God c, Seventh Day Adventist Cr Enellsh Baptl~t .,.. – Russian Greek Church (gl- Theological Seminary (Protestant), 'V – Student Y.M.C.A. • Student Y.w.C.A,

'fHE SECRETS OF A CHINESE CITY 9

..*.. * * * .. * B x .. Ire * x X·B * •x o •ox XB ., x 0 *.,x x .*• x ,x•, x *x ., .8.. BoX. X X• xX x• … ,* • •0 • – An -169 TEMPLES .. – Kuan -29 * – Mosque -24 • – Miao -358 B – Buddhist Reform Society -33 x – Ssu -296 A-Tang and Tzu -76 NOTE: Mosques and Reform Society Headquarters all shown, but only about one third of other places of worship not fail to be interested and the professional sociologist and missionary student secretary who wishes to know the particular social needs of an Oriental city is placed under special obligation by "Pekinga Social Survey" the first adequate volume of this sort dealing with a Far-Eastern capital.

A map of Peking', in six slightly differing outlines, superimposed one upon another, shows the growth of the city from the earliest capital of Ch'i, established in 1121 B. C. and destroyed in 221 B. C., down through four other slight shiftings of location, up to the present-day Peking, founded by a Ming Emperor in 1368 A. D. Antiquity surely is here, and the chapter 0]1 the city's history is most interesting. The chapter describing the capital's environment and life is of absorbing interest. Half-tones show the mule litter-a box slung between

two mules-and one of Peking's 4,198 springless, indestructible carts. There is no picture of any of its 17,000 rickshaws, nor of its 700 automobiles, to show the modern substitutes for these ancient vehicles. The half-tones of students haranguing street audiences and their arrest in consequence allures one to read about the stormy student strike of 1919 against certain governmental acts. The dulness of statistics of popUlation is relieved by learning that the average population per square mile within the city walls is 33,626, while in Cincinnati it is 8,260 and in Boston it is 15,600. Look upon the Massachusetts city from the capitol on Beacon Hill and, except for the Commons and Public Gardens, one sees only a mass of buildings ranging from three or four stories to the multitudinous sky-scrapers. In Peking from the tower of the Presbyterian High School one may look out upon nearly twenty-five square miles of flat land occupied by its 932,557 inhabitants and see scarcely anything except one-story buildings embosomed in a vast forest of trees. If the eye could reach the southern section of the Chinese city, as contrasted with the northern, which used to be given up to the Manchus, it would rest upon farms and gardens near the ancient parks containing the Altar of Heaven and the Altar of Agriculture, with a population of from 6,000 to 12,000. Within a mile or two to the north, there is a stretch of buildings between the Chinese and Tartar cities which house from 72,000 to 83,800 people per square mile. This is the district where most of the business-including houses of ill-fame-is concentrated. Though the density of population is far greater there than' in cities of the same size in America, the average number of persons per house in Peking is only 4.9 as compared with Philadelphia's 5.2 and Boston's 9.1. Incidentally we learn that among the foreigners resident in the capital, Japan leads other nations with 595, while America stands next with 281 and the British follow with 230.

The chapter on health is of value, though not strictly required for a social study. The health conditions of Peking today, as compared with a generation ago, are almost unbelievably improved. What was the "dirtiest city in the world" has become a city outwardly as clean as most in America and vastly better than Naples and Some other European cities before the War. One statement which has always been surprising to the better informed reader, namely, that China with its unequalled population has only one insane asylum (established by Dr. Kerr in Canton), is shown not to be true, for a second asylum is referred to as having been established in Peking in 1912, and more permanently housed in 1918. The introduction of better sewerage, of a purer water supply, of a regulated scavenger system under the Fertilizer Guild, of street cleaning and watering, and of hospital service, has been crowned by the imposing Rockefeller

THE SECRETS OF A CHINESE CITY

Foundation China Medical Board's plant, costing over $7,000,000. These improvements account for the improved health of the city.

Education in Peking has grown by leaps and bounds during recent years, until now 48,000 young men and boys are studying there, besides 7,000 female students. "When it is remembered that modern education did not really begin in China until 1905, the building of this new educational system stands out as one of the great educational STUDENT DEMONSTRATIONS, JUNE 4 AND 5, 1919. PART OF A NATION- WIDE MOVEMENT AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT AND THE SHANTUNG AWARD achievements of history, particularly as the country has been so disturbed with revolution and political turmoil." One of t1.e queftionable movements in education has its fountain in Peking. The Renaissance Movement, starting there in 1919, aimed "to save the nation through science and democracy, with the objectives of destroying the harmful features of the old family, economic and political system and then build up a new society." Most of these are laudable features, but unfortunately the necessary intellectual equipment for this task is believed to be found in mastering the writings of European and American democratic or socialistic leaders, many of whom are decidedly agnostic or anti-Christian.

Work and play in Peking are fully discussed as is the city's commerciallife. The guild of the old regime is gradually giving way to the modern chamber of commerce and business men will find the chapter on this subject most interesting reading, just as the traveler finds a fascination in visiting the vast expanse of the Tung An Shih Ch'ang, where shops housed under one roof sell all manner of curious goods. The iniquitous octroi system of taxation, which prevents the entrance of raw materials, has so crippled Peking manufactures

that most of such work is done in port cities where there is greater freedom of trade.

The" Recreation" chapter is unique almost in China, where the proverbial expression, "Climbing a tree to hunt for fish" suggests the impossibility of finding time for amusement in the ordinary busy life. Another axiom, "No work is two fairies," is expressive of the double joy that would come should leisure actually fall to one's lot. Yet this chapter is suggestive of an Oriental" Coney Island" transported to Peking with theaters, movies, story-telling, temple market festivals, horse racing, bird fiying, card and table games, and a superlative felicity·of restaurants. We also see the change from the old days when the proverb ran, "The fifth and sixth moons,-time for taking a bath," since now we have the" amusement" of bath houses all the year around. There are also pool and billiards, recreation centers, modern athletics, and other forms of amusement which prove that no longer does "All work and no play make Jack (Chinaman) a dull boy." The wonderful Central Park is a great center of this strange new life, and the glaring electric White Way between the Tartar and Chinese city is the lure of nights.

The social evil in Peking is saddening. In the old days, open prostitution was never in evidence in the city but the new civilization, introduced with the founding of the Republic in 1912, has brought the brothel and its gay lights before the public. Of Peking's population 63.5 per cent are male and with no home life to hold them in check, the sudden wave of license is explainable, though most lamentable. Happily in rural China, as a foreign trained Chinese doctor says, "The moral standards of the Chinese regarding sex have been very high. Conditions in the distant country districts to-day are much the same as they were 5,000 years ago … " But the statement of another Chinese official needs to be added, when discussing city conditions: "First-class public women are not considered as under social condemnation, but are given the honorable designation of 'teacher.' Very few wives are against the practice to the point of strenuous objection. Some wives even entertain the better class of prostitutes … To patronize a high class public house, or to be able to purchase a famous girl for a concubine is a mark of distinction in Peking." One of the pathetic aspects of the case is the fact that students away from home, or those coming from families in the city where sisters and mothers are illiterate, often go to the brothel only for the purpose of conversing with the better educated inmates. A prostitute who is a brilliant conversationalist is often the center of a group of such students as they chat together for hours.

This chapter also shows the other side of the shield, the efforts made to combat the evil by the "Door of Hope" and by Mr. Frank

1922J THE SECRE'l'S OF A CHINESE CITY

Yung T 'ao's "Social Reform Association," whose membership rose to 17,000 within four years.

Poverty in Peking is cared for by philanthropy to an increasing degree; the old beggary, when on a cold night many would freeze to death on the streets, is being aided by soup kitchens and one full meal a day. There are also orphanages where boys are taug'ht trades, and an industrial home where girls learn embroidery and other arts.

Reform schools, poorhouses, old propJe's homes, and charity work- shops are ·other forms of philan- thropy. Mrs. Wickes' study of her " Nearest Neighbors in Pe- king," is very, very informing.

Prisons, which used to be called "hells" are now being made more attractive than our own, judging from the half-tone opposite page 311, with a public hall where ethi- cal teachings are imparted to the inmates, as well as industrial work preparing the men for a useful life after their discharge.

The city's model prison, the first of thirty-uine in China, teaches carpentry, weaving, typesetting, printing and bookbinding, shoe- making, masonry, metal, leather and bamboo work to classes of from twenty-five to forty men WHICH GIRLF'f;~Ul!Ps ~~Fk'~KE TO HAVE dea1'lc'Ihg,epnta y nbde i0nbgedgi'lvenent all twh ehopral.Sr e- A man is examining the inmates' pictures out- a to side the Door of Hope.

on rules.

The" Church Survey" puts to shame surveys made by the Amer- ican Church, and may well serve as a model for such work. The chap- ter on religious work reports 936 Confucian, Buddhist and Taoist temples, monasteries and ancestral halls, and sets forth in bewilder- ing variety the efforts of Mohammedans, Roman and Greek Catholic, and Protestant agencies to transform the community. This is sum- marized as follows: "'l'he effect of Christianity in introducing new social and moral ideals is apparent. The present eagerness for a better government, for a higher place for women, for a more adequate moral code, is partially the result of the Christian movement in China; while the present intellectual awakening is certainly indirectly the outcome of the many years of persistent teaching of new ideas by the missionary body . .. .Religion in action, especially, will arrest the attention and gain the acceptance of vigorous young China. Christianity can be demonstrated through the home, the school, the factory, the hospital permeated with the Christian spirit. The planning and organizing of a definite and

constructive social program around each Christian Church will also truly express the inner spirit of the Christian gospel which seeks to develop not" only the individual and the church, but primarily and essentially to transform the structure of society itself into a new social order-the Kingdom of God."

SLAVE GIRLS OF PEKING RESCUE HOME, RUN BY THE POLICE Naturally such conclusions lead to a final chapter upon the "Peking Community Service Group," an outgrowth of the survey. It is equally natural that Mr. Gamble, to whom all mission workers are deeply indebted for this volume, is planning to return to Peking to devote his ' talents and his Christian life to carrying on a task which he has here set forth.

The sociological specialist will revel in the appendices which fill nearly 120 pages with many and varied tables and other forms of information gathered in the course of the survey. This missionary classic ranks with Dr. Dennis's" Christian Missions and Social Progress," though it is far more specialized and scientific than that great work.

COLLEGE STUDENTS GOING TO

MEMBERS OF THE UNION THEOLOGICAL COLLEGE IN CANTON STARTING OUT TO PREACH IN NEIGHBORING 'I'OWNS Forward Movements in South China BY REV. A. A. FULTON, D.D., CANTON, CHINA Missionary of the P resbyterian Church iu U. S. A.

W HEN Robert Morrison stepped on shore at Canton in 1807 he confronted the despotism of the" Great Pure Dynasty." A little band of foreign merchants were restricted to close, hot, unsanitary quarters in old Bean Street. The narrow quarters had a frontage on the dirty river, where in the evenings the foreign community crowded to the shore to get some relief from stilling heat. Access to the high officials was possible only by "petition" through underlings and inseparable "Kumshaws" to open the way to the lofty dispensers of favors. Propagation of the Gospel was taboo, and even instruction in the Chinese language was to a foreigner a dangerous undertaking.

Had Robert Morrison returned in December, 1920, he would have thoug'ht that the millennium was near. In Canton he would have seen, in a cQnspicuous part of the city, a large mat shed structure, with capacity to seat 4,000 hearers. Services were being held there morning and evening. At eleven o'clock 3,000 women were present, and in the evening the entire building was crowded. Preaching was by Chinese Christian pastors and evangelists. In the audience were men from all classes, including high officials. Scholars and merchants sat in same seats with working men. Requests were made that no one 101

leave the building until the close of the service. Great quiet prevailed. During the ten days of meetings more than 100,000 persons were in attendance, including about 30,000 women, and at the close of the services 2,290 had signed cards saying they had decided for Christ. In addition 1,000 were organized into classes for Bible study. Thousands of dollars were contributed by Chinese to meet the cost of the structure and for incidental expenses. The foreign workers aided only indirectly by their presence and advice in cooperation with Chinese pastors and evangelists.

The old walls that shut Morrison out from the city are now leveled to the ground. When I reached China forty years ago, there were no railroads, no steam launches in Canton, no electric lights, very few hospitals, and scarcely a college worthy of the name. More than ten miles of narrow, dark streets have been widened with an average width of 100 feet, where hundreds of automobiles may be seen. Railroads and airplanes are in evidence and hundreds of steamboats and launches fly up and down the river and to distant ports. Along the bund, fronting the river, are some of the finest department stores, employing hundreds of clerks, one of the buildings costing a million dollars, and would cost two millions of dollars if erected in U. S. A. This is a new China.

I confine my statements to the work in the province of Kwangtung', of which Canton is the capital. I saw the beginning of the Canton Christian ColIeg'e which today is one of the greatest forces in China for the demolition of ignorance, and for the building up of new forces of knowledge and power. I saw this plant when it was located in a small Chinese house, and had only two teachers and twenty-five students. The college moved to Macao, and after four years returned to Canton where a small site had been obtained near the citv. In the immediate vicinity were innumerable gTaves, and great diffi~ulty was met in trying to induce the owners to part with their land. By use of much tact and patience the campus was increased to one hundred and thirty acres, and today the value of the land and buildings is onehalf a million dollars, U. S. currency. The staff has grown from two teachers to fifty-one Chinese and thirty Americans, and the student body numbers more than 700. The budget of current expenses has risen to $200,000 annually. One of the prominent professors is Mr. Chung Wing Kwong, who was converted about twenty-five years ago. Re was a second honor student and an eminent member of the literary class. Through his influence the Chinese have contributed $100,- 000 to the college. Many students from Canton Christian College are now in the United States at different universities. The College is under strong Christian influence, and the larger proportion of the students are open believers in the truths of the Gospel.

The forward movement has been accelerated by the work of

FORWARD MOVEMENTS IN SOUTH CHINA

medical missions. The largest medical college for women in China is located at Canton. This institution began in a small room with two or three pupils, and was founded by Dr. Mary H. Fulton. In 1880 there was one hospital in the city, and accommodations for women and children were restricted to one small ward, and to this ward came only women of the poorest classes. Unspeakable suffering was the lot of thousands of women who were helpless in the hands of ignorant and superstitious midwives. Dr. Fulton began with a few young women who ventured to enter a medical class. Visits to the homes of the higher classes gave relief from suffering, and profoundly impressed the patients with the superior knowledge and ability of the physicians from America. Applications to enter the medical class continued, and through the generosity of Mr. E. A. K. Hackett funds were supplied to erect a suitable college building. A training school for nurses was then started. To accommodate the large numbers applying for relief new buildings were erected, including a women's hospital, a new laboratory, and a large dispensary. Today the Hackett Medical College for Women is one of the best known institutions in China. More than 100 young women have been graduated, and are located in different cities, in three different provinces. A plant worth $150,000 provides excellent facilitie~ for all students. This college is to be made equal to any in the United States, and has the united support of the Women's Boards of our Church. The graduates have raised $23,000, part of the sum that will go into the erection of a suitable dormitory to accommodate the increasing number of students. The College is in charge of Dr. Martha Hackett, assisted by a staff of graduates from universities in the United States.

Educational development is a further stimulus to the forward movement. Thirty years ago it was necessary to provide support for pupils entering our few schools. Today the majority of our schools are self-supporting', and no school is wholly supported by foreign funds. The finest school of its kind in the province began with one teacher and about a dozen young girls. Today the True Light Seminary sheds its rays over a vast area. The students number nearly 200, and include a large proportion of young women from wealthy and intellectual classes. The buildings and equipment are of high order, and a new dormitory has just been completed to provide quarters for the increasing number of students. When I came to China a decent young woman might not be seen on the streets without a chaperon. Today thousands of young girls may be seen on their way to school, and no man would dare to insult one of them. The total number of students in the Protestant schools of the province is about 30,000.

The forward movement in China is very notably in evidence when we consider the progress made in union work. At the John R.

Mott meetings it was decided that an effort should be made to organize union theological colleges. Representatives from seven different Missions conferred, a constitution was formed, and each Mission entering the Union provided one instructor. Today in Oanton is the largest Union Oollege in the world, considered from the standpoint of denominational representation. The Societies represented are the Presbyterian Board, New Zealand Presbyterian Mission, the Oanadian Presbyterian Mission, the United Brethren Mission, the Oongregational Mission, the London Mission, the Wesleyan Mission, and the Church of England Mission. The first building was erected by Mrs. Oyrus McOormick, of Ohicago. The site of the College is a most advantageous one, close to the suburbs of the city. Recently a fine dormitory has been added and residences for some members of the faculty. Additional buildings will be erected as rapidly as possible to accommodate students and to provide needed equipment. Among members of the staff are a few very able Ohinese instructors, and others preparing in the United States will be secured at the earliest possible day. In this Union Theological Oollege the great fundamentals of faith are clearly set forth, and through this great agency will go forth hundreds of carefully trained preachers and evangelists to supply the rapidly increasing number of churches in the chief centers of the Province.

The forward movement receives strong emphasis in the organic union of the Presbyterian, Congregational, United Brethren, London Mission, and Swedish Mission Churches to form a branch of the United Ohurch in China. Other societies will, no doubt, soon come into this Union. The denominational distinctions which have been so long maintained in other lands have not only no significance with the Chinese but rather serve to confuse their minds as to the great fundamentals of faith. Hereafter churches and preaching halls will not bear denominational names, but will be designated as Ohurches of Christ in China. The forms of church government will be modeled largely after the Presbyterian order, but with a different nomenclature. By this union all danger of overlapping will be avoided. Great gains in economy and efficiency will result. Gradually the leadership in all forms of church activities is passing from foreign to Chiuese control, which has been the aim of missionaries for many years. Responsibility develops leadership, and with Chinese as leaders we shall receive larger contributions to all forms of work. The Secretary of the Y. M. C. A. in Canton is Mr. Leung Shiu Cho, with three foreign secretaries to assist him. The National Secretary for Ohina is Mr. David Z. T. Yui. The Principal of the large Middle School at Canton is Mr. Kwaan Yan Oho, aided by several American teachers. Just as fast as possible missionaries must pass over to Chinese control churches, schools, hospitals, and all heavy reponsibility for the

1922J }'ORWARD MOVEMENTS IN SOUTH CHINA

evangelization of these hundreds of millions. This does not mean that the missionaries will seek to evade duty. They will be needed for many decades to help secure funds, and to labor in closest relation with Chinese leaders as councilors and co-laborers in evangelistic, educational and medical departments.

Most of our self-supporting churches have been founded by the Chinese who have had full control in raising funds. Recently in Canton a church was dedicated that cost nearly $40,000, in addition to the cost of site. The funds were raised entirely by Chinese. Another site was secured and a church built which today is worth $50,000. Last year a church costing $6,000 was built by one man in a market town and ten miles distant another church costing $4,000 was built. Some years ago a lot was purchased in a market .town, and today on that property is a church worth $7,000 and a girls' school is supported with three teachers and seventy-five pupils. In San Ning City, the Chinese have had for years a strong self-supporting church, and the value of the plant, including school for boys and girls is $25,000. Not far from this is an- ! ~~Yt8l~1GB~.f'TTf; ii}flN:::CTiffI~J~ other plant, including site, church PAID FOR ATl'~mC~~N0J'Efl;000 WITHOUT and schools, worth $40,000. All of them have been founded and are supported by Chinese funds. When I first went to San Ning the only evidence of Christianity was a small, dirty shop, used as a meeting place for a dozen Christians. It is unreasonable to expect Chinese to contribute large sums of money, and place these sums in the hands of foreigners if-they have no voice in the use of these funds.

The dominant aim of all these Missions is to reach, not only large centers, but the thousands of villages in the Province. Three-fourths of China's hundreds of millions live in villages. Missionaries alone cannot directly reach these millions. The great work must be done by trained Chinese helpers. Vve can support ten of these workers more cheaply than one missionary, and they will do twenty times the work that one missionary can do in direct evangelistic effort. The great function of the missionary is to seek out and prepare bright young men for this work. Qualified evangelists are now set apart to engage in the specific and definite evangelization of the villages. In one Mission, in the past two years, 1,500 villages were reached and more than 100,000 persons heard the Gospel message. Monthly re-

ports indicate the number and names of villages reached, with additional information as to tracts distributed and number of persons reached.

The forward movement includes the plan to open preaching halls in the market towns and chief ·centers of trade. Hundreds of markets are found in this Province, and to these markets the hundreds of thousands of villagers come every five days to buy and sell. The chapel in the market is the light for the surrounding villages. Within a radius of three or four miles from the market may be found 40 or 50 or 100 villages, all depending on the size of the market. "On market days the chapel is crowded with hearers. On other days the preacher visits the villages, and these visits are continued throughout the year. Through the agency of these chapels in market towns, the villages wil1 be reached directly, and gradually every prominent village will have its church and school, provided for by Ohinese funds. We can now go into thousands of villages and meet with encouragement and find willing hearers.

Lastly, the most profound significance of a forward movement is Ohina's very deep friendship for America. That missionaries have had a very great influence in bringing about this great asset is not a debatable question. They have opened the hospitals, started schools, and founded asylums for the lepers and the insane and the blind. They have distributed tens of thousands of books and tracts in defense of sanitary measures. They have been distributing agents in famine regions, and have supplied physicians to plague-stricken provinces. A very large proportion of the finest equipped colleges, hospitals and schools in Ohina were established with American money. The gifts of millions of gold sent to help famine sufferers increases Ohina's sense of obligation; and they will not forget it.

The religion of Ohina is idolatry, pure and simple, and Ohina spends more than one hundred million dollars yearly in idolatrous worship. How speedily that money will go into schools, churches and hospitals will depend on what use we make of our unique opportunity. Idolatry can not stand before the aggressive power of the Gospel. A great Ohinese scholar declared that his nation's most bitter need is good men; and good men, in the most comprehensive sense, are not found apart from Ohristian civilization. The old empire had in it the elements of stability, but none of progress. The great Republic of China lies wide open, and we are invited to take the leadership ill making that Republic, by our gifts of men and money, one of the most influential of the great World Powers.

PROTESTAI:T EPTSCOPAL CATHEDRAL TN MANTLA, P

Achievements of One H undred Years 'l'he Centennial of the Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America BY HEV. ]'RA.N'KLIN J, CLAnK, B.D" NEW YORK Secretary of the Presilling Bishop and Council and Secretary of the Committee on Arrangements for the Centennial O NE hundred years ago the Episcopal Church in the United States began to realize the necessity for organization if it were in any way to fulfill the reason for its existence, At the General Convention held in Philadelphia in 1820 a Society called "The Protestant Episcopal Missionary Society in the United States for Foreig'n and Domestic Missions" was organized, The constitution was, however, found to be defective, and a special General Convention was called for the following year-1821-to remedy this defect. This afforded an opportunity for those more interested in domestic than foreign missions to bring about a change in title of the Society, and it was re-organized under the present name. This Society is the sixth oldest in the United States, being antedated by the Moravian, which was organized in 1745, but almost contemporaneous with the four other societies which began during the years between 107

1802 and 1818 when the new Republic was asserting itself as a Nation. It is perhaps the oldest organization, except the Moravian, which at its inception united the idea of work both at home and in foreign fields.

The creation of this society used up practically all the missionary spirit in the Church. Membership was based on the payment of dues and as it was entirely voluntary, diocesan needs easily took preced- ence over this new interest. The only ones really filled with mis- sionary zeal were the few who vol- 'IlIDtChl'OO for service. One man, the Rev. Joseph R. Andrus, went to Liberia with the American Col- onization Society, but died of fever a few months afterwards. The Rev. J. J. Robertson and the Rev.' and Mrs. John R. Hill started the ,valuable schools at Athens, Greece. Four missionaries went to the IVest and South, one to Michigan Territory, one to Wisconsin Terri- tory, one to Missouri Territory, and one to the newly acquired Florida Territory. These were the lonely heroes of that day; the Church sent them out and then al- most forgot them.

Not until 1835 was any real progress made. At the General Convention in Philadelphia in that year three important steps were taken. In the first place it was de- clared that the Church itself was the missionary society; but every member of the Church, by virtue of BISHOP SING-FIRST CHINESE BISHOP his baptism, automatically became a member of that society. It was recognized, in the second place, that a definite organization was necessary to carry out the wishes of the society, and a Board of Mis- sions was organized. The third important step was the consecration of the first missionary bishop, Jackson Kemper, who was sent to the great Northwest Territory to help the pioneers build up a Christian civilization.

In 1871 the Church took another important step by bringing to- gether under one head as an Auxiliary to the Board of Missions the

ACHIEVEMENTS OF ONE HUNDRED YEARS

many women's societies which had been doing missionary work independent of any central organization. This Woman's Auxiliary has been one of the most effective aids the Church has had. In addition to the gifts which the women made each year in mouey and material, the Auxiliary decided in 1889 that it would make a further gift to be collected during the three years preceding each triellnial General Oonvention and to be presented as a united thank-offering. The first offering was presented at the General Oonvention in 1889 and amounted to $2,000. That presented at the General Oonvention in 1919 amounted to $467,000. This united offering is used for the support of women missionaries at home and abroad. In addition to its gifts of money, which have totalled over fourteen millions of dollars, CHINESE BOY SCOUTS AT ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE, SHANGHAI it has saved hundreds of parishes and dozens of dioceses from the· deadening blight of self-centered prayer, thought and work. It has introduced and popularized the missionary meeting, the mission study class and the Ohurch Summer Oonference, and many missionaries have come from its ranks.

In 1877 the children of the Ohurch began definite cooperation with the Board of Missions. In that year Mr. J ohnMarston, who was superintendent of a small school in St. John's Church, Lower Merion, Philadelphia, asked his children to save their offeringsduring Lent and send the money to the Board of Missions. This first offering amounted to $200. The next Lent the whole Diocese of Pennsylvania adopted the plan and $7,000 was given. Today the children of the Ohurch from all over the world collect their Lenten offerings

THE ?,US8IO:AItY HETEW OF TITE WOULD ll'cbruury

IN SOUTH DAKOTA-AN I~DIAN CHRISTIAN CONVENTION in mite-boxes provided for that purpose, and these gifts have increased to nearly $250,000. In the past forty-one years they have totalled over $4,000,000.

At the last General Convention in 1919 all of the general missionary, religious educational and social serv~e work of the Church was brought under one organization, known as "The Presiding Bishop and Council." This has developed six departments, covering Missions, Religious Education, Social Service, Publicity, Finance and the Nation-'W"ide Campaign. The last named Department was organized because of the action of the same General Convention in extending to the Whole Chureh the Missionary Campaign whieh had been held with great success in many parts of the country in single parishes, whole eities, and in several cases simultaneously in an entire diocese. This is not primarily a financial campaign, but one of education and of spiritualization. A financial objective was placed before the Church which, though not fully met in the two years that have elapsed, did result in 1920 in an offering for general work 117 per cent larger than that for the year 1919. The National Council was enabled to finance all of the departmental enterprises without incurring debt and released over a quarter of a million of dollars for the cancellation of old debts. The Council was also able to underwrite the entire budget of the Continental Domestic Missionary Bishops, releasing them from the arduous work of soliciting "specials" for the support of their work.

Not only did the general work of the Church benefit by this campaign, but it is estimated that the dioceses received for missionary work within their borders an increase of at least two million dollars over the previous year. It is also estimated that parochial incomes benefited by an increase of at least three and one-half million dollars. Undoubtedly a part of this larger parochial income was used to increase the salaries of the clergy, for the Church Pension Fund reports

ACHIEVEMENTS OF ONE HUNDRED YEARS

that clergy salaries for 1920 showed an increase of Ii million dollars over 1919. Perhaps one of the most important results of the campaign was bringing about a national consciousness which was absent or inarticulate before.

In the foreign work it is also possible to record some measure of advance. In two of the mission fields the three objectives of all missionary work have been in a large measure realized; viz, selfg'overnment, self-propagation and self-support. In China there is a self-governing Church composed of the dioceses of the Anglican Communion, being' the Church of England, the Church in Canada, and the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States. This Chinese Ohurch has its own Board of Missions supporting its own missionaries and has a native Chinese Bishop. The same is true in Japan where the Anglican Communion is organized as a self-governing Church with its own Board of Missions. 'rhere are many selfsupporting parishes in both these countries, but as yet no Japanese bishops. It is probable however, that within three years a diocese will be created, led by a Japanese bishop.

It is impossible to record in detail the accomplishments in the mission fields. Any record of work in China and Japan would be incomplete, without reference to St. John's University and St. Mary's School in Shanghai, and Boone University and Ohurch General Hospital in vVuckang and St. James Hospital in Au King, and St. Paul's Oollege and St. Luke's Hospital in Tokyo. The value of St. Luke's Hospital in Tokyo was recognized by the Japanese Emperor who gave $25,000 to aid in building a new and greater hospital. A gtoup of Japanese public men also gave an additional $55,000.

Forty years ago a lad of ten was brought by his Mohammedan IN AI.ASKA-THE BISHOP PREACHING TO INDIANS AT A FISH CAMP

RAW MATERIAL IN AFRICA- BOYS AT BENDER, WEST AFRICA father to St. John's School in Cape Mount, Liberia, on the west coast of Africa. In June of 1921 he was consecrated Bishop-Suffragan of the District of Liberia, in the Church of the Incarnation in New York City. He is now one of the "thirty native clergy trained in the Church's schools and ministering to the needs of their own people.

In America the devotion and statesmanship of men like Bishops Whipple, Hare, Gilbert, Morrison, Biller, B.urleson and Remington SERVICE IN THE CHAPEL OF ST" AUGUSTINE"S INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL, NORTH CAROLINA I'ROTESTANT EPISCOPAL WORK AMONG COLORED- RACES .

1922J AOHIEVEMENTS OF ONE HUNDRED YEARS

IN JAPAN-NURSES AND STAFF, ST. LUKE'S HOSPITAL, TOKYO have won thousands of Indians to the Christian faith. Many work~ ers, clerical and lay, have come from the more than one hundred Indian congregations in which are enrolled fully 12,000 baptized members. In negro schools in the South, such as St. Paul's Normal and Industrial School iu Lawrenceville, Va., St. Augustine's in Raleigh, N. C., over 2,000 young men and women are being trained in ways that will make them self-respecting and self-supporting citizens. In more than thirty-five schools of all grades the children of the Southern Highlanders are developing into better citizens. A newly organized division for work among foreign-born Americans has already shown results from its careful study of this problem. In Alaska the Church is ministering to all the three races found there.

FOREIGNERS IN AMERICA-A CHOIR OF CZECHO-SLOVAK BOYS IN WESTFIELD, MASS.

February

Out into the Island world tho Church has followed the Nation's Flag. In Hawaii, where East and ,Vest mingle as perhaps nowhere else, in cathedral and in modest chapels, in social settlements and in schools, she is bearing her witness to the fact that men of different races can live in brotherly good-will, while retaining their racial allegiance. In the Philippines, especially among the primitive tribes, the Church is supplementing, as only Christian teaching can, the successful civilizing work of the United States Government. In the New World Indnstrial School in Porto Rico thc Church helps to fit young men for the duties of life. In Mexico and South America the Church is also bearing her witness in such institutions as the Southern Cross School in Brazil.

Looking back over the achievements of the century, it is not difficult to see how the work at home and abroad might have been strengthened and advanced if the Church had taken advantage of the many opportuniti('s which were being constantly offeI'€,d, but we are devoutly thankful for the progress made and for having a share in 'the eyung('lization of the world.

PROTESTANT EPIS~OPAL MISSIONARY STATISTICS FOR 1920 00 0" ; ~ 0- 00 ~ :§ "u"" "$ ;~: !'l ""0 "'5" j'J ~ ~<: 0 00 ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 ·"c ~" ~ .~ ..d 0 ~ i .0 "a .'"~ ~" U "r/l ~ "aa~ z" .-,:;;l 0 U Africa (Lih~ri") ….. : 10 150 47 21 II 46 1 2,721 109 I 190 China ……………. 178 738 131 5 6,769 Japan …………… 63 381 141 91 "I 67 3 4,816 22 1,754 Rl'Uzii ……. 6 17 56 8 17 2,005 Cuba ……….. "… 19 39 41 16 …… 2 24 Haiti ……. 73 35 15 1,143 Mexico… .. 3I 29 I I 24 22 4 1. 995 Alaska …. 29 10 34 I 8I 19 I2 ' 900 30 I 50 I Philippines . . . . . . . . . . . 22 I 10 I 19 13 13 2 1,394 20 I ]6 !…….. i 1,972 Honolulu … 16 I…… ~~~~m~i~o …… : ~.I ~…Ij.". ……..~…I….~.;.~.~~. In the Unite!l States.. 1[; II'" . .. 10.1 …… .. ! . . . . . 19 · 1· ···· · 635 .. .. ···1······ .. I — I — – i — – – -1 — I 1,071 I ] ,525 I 'I- — ! – — 28,121 541 I 15 I 385 I 380 I I I ! I I The expenditures of the Department of ~1issions for 1920 amounted to $2,611,661.

Cause of Changes in

BY REV. JOHN NELSON MILLS, D.D.

PROFESSOR FREDERICK STARR, of the University of Chi- cago, in an interview published ill the" J a.pan Advertiser" last May, said that he had been tremendously Impressed by the fact that for the first time, Koreans have seemed awake to their oppor- , tunities. He did not attribute this to the rule of Japan, as most trav- ele1"s do, hut confessed that the cause of the change was beyond him to fathom. Professor Starr has been visiting Korea almost yearly since 1912 and is a trained observer. His comments, there- fore, are of more than ordinary in- terest.

It is nearly ten years since my last visit to this country and the same changes astonish me. There are still "devil trees," covered with hits of paper containing pray- ers, and piled around with stones, in mute petition for protection from unknown evils. The itiner- ating missionary still follows close upon the sorceress, but there are manifest a new spirit, a new hope and a new desire for self-determi- nation in more than government among this people. Old things arc passing away, new things are ap- pearing. If we look further than did Professor Starr for an expla- nation, we shall find it where the KIM IK DOO PREACHING IN KOREA Thessalonians found theirs when Christianity made its first appear- ance among them 2,000 years ago: "Those that tUrn the world upside down have come hitller also."

When Pastor Kil, of the great Central Presbyterian Church at Pyeng Yang, returned last year from a two years' imprisonment, he confessed that he needed reconstruction before he could enter again upon his work. Old time sermons, long and filled with doctrinal dis- cussions, would not now satisfy his people. '1'hey demand teaching 115

THE 1vII8SlO:-ARY REVIEW OJ<' THE WOlU~D

that fits into the present-day needs. They ask for better music in all the services; for social intercourse among men and women; for more education and better teaching. Curtains that used to separate men from women in the churches have largely disappeared; seats have been introduced, and the little, squatty, thatched huts that formerly served for churches in the country districts, are being replaced by good church buildings, comfortable and attractive.

A recent Sunday spent in Seoul, a city of nearly 300,000 inhabitants, almost made me feel that I was in America. The six or seven churches which I visited, of the twenty or more in the city, were well filled, some of them with congregations of 500 or more.

The Japanese Government still hampers Christian work in many ways. Fifteen of the thirty-two signers of the so-called "Declaration of Independence," which was in reality only a petition to the J apan- ese Government, are still in jail. Scarcely a day passes but some influential pastor or church officer is haled off to prison simply on suspicion that he may be working against the Government. Red tape abounds and hinders the'missionary on every hand.

Nevertheless the missionaries generally speak well of Japanese officials. Governor-General Sato, the governors of the several provinces, and most of the high officials seem friendly to missionaries and desirous of doing the right thing. But somewhere along the line there is a miscarriage. The power of control breaks connection, and persecution follows. Usually the blame is laid at the door of the Chief of Police, for when a disturbance breaks out, he is called to account. If he denies the story of the missionary or the Korean Christian, as he always does, his superior officer has nothing to do but to accept his report. Should the evidence of maltreatment be too convincing, the Chief is given a mild reprimand or a vacation from office for a few days. The Japanese military party is the cause of the trouble in Korea as that party is in control in'Japan.

When the Japanese Government, six years ago, issued an edict that all Bible teaching and religious instruction must be given up in Korean schools within a period of ten years, many Christians and missionaries became panic-stricken, and conformed to the decree, but others believed that the Japanese Government, if given time, might be persuaded to reverse its policy in this matter as it has nearly always done in other cases. They therefore kept on teaching the Bible and giving religious instruction. They were right for the restrictions have been removed. Now the schools that "conformed" are in a predicament. Many of these, notably the Chosen Christian College, desire to get back their former liberties but encounter difficulties. Under the present plan the college, by consent of the Government, is devoting the thirty minutes morning recess period to Bible instruction and the classes are attended by a large proportion of the stu-

1922J THE CLAUSE OF CHANGES IN KOREA

A FEW OF THE ElGin THOUSAND KOREANS WHO ATTENDED EVANGELIST KIM'S MEETINGS IN SONG DO

dents. It is felt, however, that the Christian purpose in founding the college is not fully met in this way, so that the college authorities are endeavoring to have its charter changed.

The Japanese Government offers special inducements to those schools that do not teach the Bible or religion. Graduates of "con- forming" schools are favored by exemption from some examinations for the universities; one hundred dollars is to be given to each "con- forming" school for the purpose of sending its teachers to Japan on educational excursions and other advantages are offered. The South- ern Methodist school at Songdo, a "conforming" school, received $600 for its library. In Japan the Educational Department of the Government made a rule that private universities shall allow only graduates of "conforming" schools to take entrance examinations.

Some remarkable revival meetings were held in Seoul last winter by the Rev. Kim Ik Tu, Moderator of the Presbyterian General Assembly of Korea. Much attention was given to faith healing, probably due, in part, to the visit of James Moore Hickson to the Orient. Whether or not any remarkable cures were wrought may be questioned. But the sunrise prayer-meetings, wher.e 600 people gathered for an hour in the intense cold, and the crowded evening services, where 6,000 people filled every inch of space in building and grounds to listen to the simple Gospel from a plain man, were immensely impressive. Rings, watches, ornaments of every kind, and money gifts as larg·e as $400, testified to the benefits received.

Church attendance has increased in Korea twenty-five per cent during the past year. All schools are crowded, so that dormitorie:,; intended for fifty are occupied by one hundred. Tuition fees have been increased; still there is a large waiting list.

In Korea there is a wide-open door. The hearts of this hospitable and kindly people are more than ever receptive to the Gospel, with its inspiring and uplifting message of faith, hope and love.

A Japanese View of Christianity in Japan BY DR. TAKUMA DAN o:E' TOKYO From an adelress delivered at a reception to the delegation of Japanese business men arranged by the Foreign Missions Conference in New York, December 8, 1921 I N ONE of the loftiest passages of your New Testament it is writ- ten, "Greater love hath no man than this that a man give his life for his friends." For generations your Protestant missionaries have been giving· their lives for the benefit of their grateful friends in Japan. By this I mean a giving of life in the highest sense: namely, by the dedication of themselves to uplift and ennoble the lives of others. No group of men or women in all the world have exceeded

1922J THE SOUTHERN :MOUNTAIN PROBLEM

your missionaries in this. On behalf of all my countrymen I am pro- foundly grateful for this opportunity to acknowledge all that your honorable body of missionaries has done in the past and to entreat that this great work shall continue.

Even before Japan, at the insistent invitation of America, joined the great family of nations which comprised ,Yestern civilization, a devoted group of devout and earnest Protestant missionaries were al- ready at work there. It is important to recall that this work was religious in a very true sense and in the highest degree. Their work was dedicated and adapted to the land to which they came, and to the amelioration and betterment of the conditions which they found. But their work was not confined to what we understand by religion alone. It was evangelical, but it was also educational and medical. In this they have been enormously successful. The medical work done by the missionaries in the past in the important field of sanitation and in teaching thc care of the body as well as the enlightenmerit of the soul, has been beyond all praise. On the educational side your missionary schools have an honorable name in my country, which to acknowledge is to praise.

You have studied with open mind the peCUliarities of Japanese psychology and character with which you have to deal. Sinking all thought of self, you have adapted your teachings to conditions with which you have to deal. The seeds of the Gospel which you have sown have fallen, therefore, upon fertile soil. Nay! you may count on a harvest one hundredfold. The teaching of broad Christianity embraces all sorts and conditions of men. It embraces the rich as well as the poor. It seeks the cooperation of the layman as well as the trained theologian. It embraces not Japan alone but all the varied and diverse people of the Far East. This, then, is my hope-that cooperation with others should be your watch-word. Advise freely with the people and officials of government, whenever the government is reliable and stable, to further the welfare of the people. None know better than Americans that patriotic harmony is a part of all true religious teaching, and the cooperation of my government as well as of all intelligent people, will attend and assist your effort toward the uplifting of our people towards higher ideals and actions.

As a layman, not of the Christian faith, perhaps I cannot pass judgment; but will you permit me in conclusion to offer my sincere congratulations on the progress already made in the founding and establishment of a Japanese self-supporting Protestant Church in Japan. How far off the time may be when the Christian Church in Japan shall no longer be dependent on Americans for help I cannot undertake to say, but I can promise you the continued earnest and helpful cooperation of all the enlightened part of my countr?m(,ll.

CENTER OF' MOUNTAIN L lIcE – A COMMUNITY STORE IN THE SOUTHERN

The Southern Mountain Problem A Study of the Efforts to Solve a Great Unfinished Task BY REV. ROBERT S. WIGHTMAN, MAYWOOD, N, J .

W HEN the Church first confronted the task of enlightening the people in the great mountainous section of the East, preach- ers were sent into the hills to persuade people to clean up, set their houses in order, stop making moonshine and begin a work of <.lonstruction that would produce a condition of prosperity. In the Southern Mountains, however, the people generally had the idea that "preachin' that makes ye git right up and holler-that's religion." This kind of emotionalism has a tremendous hold in the Appalachians and many seem to think that it matters little how a man lives so long as he shouts in meeting and repeats his religious experience year after year at annual evangelistic services.

Religion among the Mountaineers is not of the practical order that will bring about any decided change for the better in a man's conduct. It is therefore necessary to do more than preach to the Mountaineers and today the Church is not only sending to these mountain regions preachers, but is adding to this evangelism other 120

THE SOUTHERN MOUNTAIN PROBLEM

influences that are equally necessary and without which preaching is ineffective, namely, practical instruction in the fundamental principles of daily life. Christian women have therefore been sent into the coves to establish model homes, to administer common remedies in cases of illness, and to draw tactfully about them groups of young and old for wholesome influence. Educated Christian women render invaluable assistance to those in trouble and their neatly kept homes radiate an influence all through the valley. Silently and beautifully they are doing their work but still the problem is not fully solved.

Believing that the secret of prosperity in any country is the home; and the secret of a good home is a good mother; therefore, the Mission Boards undertook to supply the mountains with schools in which to educate Christian womanhood. The mountain workers back in the settlements along the creeks and forks have been watchful for bright, promising children and encourage their parents to send them to the Mission schools. Their own district schools being shamefully inadequate, the children have gone to these Church schools and under their transforming influence many have been changed from timid, backward illiterates to wide-awake, cultured youth, able to meet any situation in the mountains and out in the Blue Glrass coun- ~~ .

But even these schools have not fully solved the problem. A number of the students go back to their homes to teach school, or to live quietly lives that really help, yet many never return to their moun- tain homes, but use the school as a stepping stone to city life. Others who return home, being overwhelmed by their old environment, be- come backward mountaineers again. I saw one such girl stirring a caldron before the door of her old cabin home, whose bare legs and uncombed hair indicated that she was just as she used to be before she went away to school.

The Mission Board schools are not a failure, far from it, they are indispensable, but they need to be supplemented. While all of these various forms of Ohristian work have been noble ministering agencies of God the Ohurch's great task has only been begun.

If the people of the Southern Mountains are to be reclaimed morally, spiritually, socially, intellectually, economically; if the fam- ilies up the creeks and forks and branches are to know how to live, how to keep well, how to bring up children; if they are to emerge from the eighteenth century and live abreast of the twentieth, in the highest Ohristian sense, then there must be some more adequate work established for them in their very midst. They cannot be educated by leading their finest young men and women out of the mountains.

That impoverishes the highlands still more. We cannot transform one or two thousand people in a valley by sending one highly educated woman there to do settlement work.

The method which the Church Boards have most recently adopted to meet the needs of these mountain districts is to establish Com- munity Centers.

The natural gathering places in the mountains should be utilized for the distribution of every kind of helpful influence. 'l'he place where the community store and the mill are situated receives con- stant visits from many people who live back up the creeks and forks. Naturally the church is here, so that it is also the religious center.

Accepting this as a starting point, the Church is supplying mell of God, men of sound Christian faith, men of intelligence, men of exemplary life, to develop the Community Center idea. These seem to us very commonplace characteristics but are full of significance to those who have met the ordinary mountain preacher, have listened to the display of his ignorance and have heard him glory in the fact that he can neither read nor write and possesses no "book larnin" so that his information must come directly from God. The Community Center is to provide sane, practical preaching of the Gospel by men of strong Christian character, thus making it the place of real religious instruction and inspiration.

Naturally here also is the school, and the Community Center program calls for better schools and better teachers than mountain children have had in the past. Some of their school buildings are the crudest kind of ill-kept rooms without even a teacher's desk.

Many of the teachers have not even been graduated from the grammar schools. Some Mountaineers think that their teachers need have no more education than they desire for their children, so that a child who is expected to discontinue its education with the fourth grade primary need have no better teacher than one who has finished that same primary grade. ",Vhy pay for an expensive teacher when a cheap one, much more readily found, will do 1 The Community Centers should have fully equipped teachers in charge of well equipped schools, so that they will become centers of real education. If this is accomplished the mountains ere long will be filled with young men and women who have actually learned something, and these peopJe's entire plane of thought and action will be truly raised.

These isolated regions also greatly need medical institutions of some kind, with information not only as to the treatment of prevalent diseases, but also concerning their prevention. In some mountain regions they are still using the primitive remedies prescribed before the Revolutionary War. The people know nothing about germs and the necessity of sanitation has never occurred to them.

The natural gathering place of the community should be the place where a capable physician can be found, where sensible remedies are prescribed, where kindly nurses can be secured, and where clinics arc

THE SOU'l'HERN MOUN'l'AIN PROBLEM

held. Thus the physical ailments of innumerable folks suffering in silence and in ignorance of their actual condition may be analysed, treatment given and good health restored.

But this is not all; the new method of establishing' these centerl'l seeks also to create a wholesome social atmosphere. Mountain young people have virtually no provision made whereby youths and maidens may mingle in a natural, wholesome way. Even the churches in some places keep the sexes separated, with the men on one side and the women on the other. Early marriage-so common an occurrence among thc Hig'hlullders-is the outcome of social starvation; it A TRANSITJON~OM OLD LOG HOUSES TO NEW FRAME COTTAGES offers about the only social diversion. If there were the proper outlet for wholesome social fellowship, these early marriages would not be so common.

The Community plans call for a program of social activities, and with someone at the head who knows how to organize these young people into athletic groups and clubs and societies for the entertainment not only of themselves but of the entire community. 1'his will help to turn the minds of an otherwise stolidly morbid people into a live, enthusiastic population who can think away from themselves and their temptations to things that produce robust Christian character.

There is still another sphere which must be included if prosperity is to abide in any measure-the sphere of crops and farming. Thus

the plan calls for an Agricultural Center. The mountain inhabitants should have the opportunity of seeing a modern fann well run with proper rotation of crops, the land tilled with modern implements, and such methods used as will bring far larger returns than ever be- fore. They should have the privilege of securing information from someone well instructed along these lines.

This then, is what is meant by the Community Center :-A Reli- 'gious Center, an Educational Center, a Social Center, a Health Cen- ter, and an Agricultural Center all in one. It is a sort of "People's University" for folks of the mountains, presided over by a faculty of six or eight Christian workers intent upon teaching these isolated people the fundamentals of present day life. Here lies a part of the unfinished task of the Church.

One preacher in the South gave up a $2,500 position, in what is regarded as the finest town in the highlands of Tennessee, in order that he might accept a $700 position as evangelist in the mountains. He conducts two weeks of special meetings in seven different appointments every year, requiring about ten weeks away from home, and living in a primitive way that would be physically impossible for many men.

During the time of my visit he was enlarging his house that he might use the new part for social activities in a diversion-starved community, that after school hours was swarming with children who had nothing to do and no place to go for wholesome recreation. This young man is sacrificing the privacy of his home, and paying for the enlargement of his premises that he may bring a little more into the lives of these youth. Earnest and consecrated as he is, however, and successful as he may be, he can reach these folks only in a religious sense and that is not enough for all-round development.

Back in the mountains of Norih Carolina there is a hospital beautifully equipped where hundreds of sick are brought and surgical cases, too severe to be carried over the fords to the railways and thence to distant cities, are successfully treated. Two physicians, true men of God, respond not only to the calls for them by day and night, but they sometimes trudge afoot, sometimes on muleback for miles, until utterly weary, and attend to the work in the dispensary as well. Although that hospital may perform ever so wonderful a service, it can transform those mountains only in a physiological sense, and that is not enough.

In numerous places in the mountains certain specific things are being done for the Highlanders j here is a school, there a hospital j here lessons are given in basket weaving, there in some other industry, but each branch only partially solves the problem while other essentials are neglected. The Community Center idea includes the supplying of human need on every side. I know of no Community

'l'HE SOU'l'HERN MOUNTAIN PROBLEM

A MISSIONARY PASTOR IN THE MOUNTAINS VISITING HTS PARISHIONERS Center which as yet has undertaken all of the spheres of activity, but those who have adopted the plan have been wonderfully successful so far as they have gone.

Here is an illustration: About four years ago the Woman's Board of the Presbyterian Church sent a young woman into a cove in the Kentucky mountains. For lack of lumber, people were making caskets for the dead from boards drawn from the roofs of their homes. This young woman bought a portable saw mill, cut lumber for her own buildings and then sold the saw mill to the community. As a result a great transformation from log to frame houses is being made all about that region. Moreover the cove ha·s come to be the lumber center for miles around.

The Mission Board sent other associates to work with this young woman. They built one of four school buildings for pupils from the fifth grade primary up, and the county, recognizing the Community Center plan, not only built a graded school for children of the first through the fourth grades, but made one of the young women superintendent of fourteen schools in the n,eighboring mountain districts.

The Board then built a dispensary and sent out a trained nurse, to care for the sick. Clinics are held and instruction is given which reaches far and wide. They organized a Sunday-school at the Center where many children and young people are taught every week; a

'l'HE MISSTO)JARY KEVIBW 01<' T}H; WORLD

Christian Endeavor Society and a mid-week prayer-meeting follow and give strength for daily duties. Social life was dlJveloped by athletics, such as baseball and basket ball, and people came from far and near, both to take part in the contests and to witness the games. On national holidays·able speakers are brought from distant cities to address the assembled multitudes with messages such as these simple folk had never heard before. As one result a man over forty years of age left his work and went to a city several hundred miles distant to take a three months' Bible course in order that he might become a more proficient teacher of life's great basic truths.

In these few years the attention of the mountaineers in this part of Kentucky was peculiarly drawn to this cove as an all-round Community Center. There is little need now for these people to go out of the mountains for anything except a college training. Every influence is at work to make them what they ought to be. The Community Center actually solves the problem. The young people, after visiting other places, say that they take more enjoyment out of their particular community than they do anywhere else.

No one of the features that make up a Community Center program can of themselves fulfil our Christian duty to the Southern Mountaineers. They need help from every angle and they must rcceive that help by our taking things they need to the people in their environment ratherthan by taking the young people out of their home surroundings. Whole sections must be enlightened and purified with the Gospel of Christ so that faith and knowledge, health and daily work and play may be made wholesome and may prosper. This is giving Christ to a people in need.

A very successful worker in Kentucky, with all the fire of a soul under the power of the discovery of a uew truth, declares that the Christian Community Center is the only way of successfully transforming the mountains. She adds the stimulating claim that "if given the opportunity the mountaineers, with a little guidance, can run their own Community Centers." She asserts that such Centers in every county" would solve the problem of the Southern Highlands in one generation."

If there is even a fair chance that this is true, then let the facts be known. Let the Church open her e~'es to the great unfinished task of transforming the Southern Mountains and undertake in a larger, more permanent way the saving of thE) mountaineers. Monuments to mistaken methods and abandoned undertakings in the form of deserted buildings, are scattered through many coves. The time has come to concentrate our efforts for the mountaineers on the development of Centers of light and power from which new life may flow out into all the homes of the Highlands. It is time for the Church to lay a firm hold upon this task and to hring it to completion.

A GROI;P OF CHRISTIAN SAILORS ( Mr. Stacey in the Cente r

From Stoker to Missionary The personal story of a stoker in the British Navy who was converted in China, and later went as a missionary to soldie'rs in India BY HUBERT G. STACEY, LATE m' KARACHI, INDIA A BOUT the middle of the year 1900 I was cruising around Aus- tralia and New Zealand waters in "Her Majesty's Ship Mo- . hawk" as a stoker in the British Royal Navy. News reached us that the Boxer Rebellion had broken out and the Mohawk, with t.wo other ships from Australia, was ordered to China. None of us were feeling any too pleased at the change of stations, the Australian station being a great favor ite in the British Navy. I had the unac- countably bitter feeling against all Chinamen, which almost every per- son has who is not a Christian, and who does not know China and the Chinese.

After an interesting and speedy voyage we reached China and took our part in putting down the Boxer uprising and when peace . 127

was proclaimed in December, 1900, I was informed that I must finish· the remainder of my commission on the China Station. Being determined to "make the best of a bad job" and wanting to see as much of the country as possible while there, I volunteered for special service on the Upper Reaches of the River Yang tse kiang.

While stationed at Chungking, in Szechuan Province, Western China, awaiting the rise of water that would enable us to proceed further up the river, I was brought to the foot of the Cross of Christ by a missionary lady of the Methodist Episcopal Mission in that place. The same missionary was the means of converting the young lady who afterwards became my wife.

From the day of my conversion I loved China and the Chinese, and I prayed that I might become a missionary in that great field. I worked amongst my shipmates and studied that I might be more fitted for such a work when God should call me. I was appointed for the remainder of my service in the navy as Secretary of the Royal Naval Christian Union.

At the expiration of my commission, no call to mission work had come, and I joined the British Army. There I found it was possible to attend school and was later appointed a Secretary of the Soldiers' Christian Association and of the Royal Army Temperance Association. Every opportunity offered to speak for the Master was gladly accepted in order that I might become fluent of speech for Him should He call me to larger service in China.

After some months in Ireland and then in Gibraltar I sailed in 1907 for India. I had continued my studies and had gained the hjghest army award for education, but still no missionary call came.

While in Mallapuram in South India I was appointed Acting Army Schoolmaster, in spite of the fact that I had had no teacher's training, and for twelve months I labored in the school teaching children from four years of age to fourteen, and soldiers from eighteen years of age to forty-five. The Army School Inspector asked me if I would care to go through a schoolmaster's course that was about to start in Bangalore. I told the inspector that my desire was to prepare myself for God's work in China and thought that if I took the course I would be compelled to remain in the army. The inspector then explained to me that these courses were not given to keep men in the army but to fit them for civilian life. I therefore took the conrse.

My class in the schoolmaster's course, mustered from various regiments all over India and Burma, was twenty-two strong. The first day that I met with the men I felt a sense of intense loneliness, for I did not find one Christian man among them. I went apart and prayed for a companion, and on that day two of these men were converted! My joy and thankfulness can be imagined. During the six months' course most of our evenings were spent at the Y. M. C. A. Army Branch where we were often asked to assist in the Gospel

FROM STOKER TO MISSIONARY

Meetings and Lectures, although we three men were severely criticised by the remainder of the class on the ground that we were neglecting private studies. The final examination gave the three Christian men first, second and third places on the list.

On my return to my regiment, I was assigned the position of Anny Schoolmaster, and within a few weeks received my certificate from army headquarters in London. In the same mail there came to me a letter from the General Secretary of the Y. M. C. A. of Madras, offering me the position of Army Secretary in that city. This was in 1909. For almost ten years I had been praying daily that I might .

CONVALESCENT MEN OF THE ROYAL WEST KENT REGIMENT, lvIHOW. INDIA (Mr. Stacey holds child in front) be called to China if it was God's will and this call was from India, from a city and a secretary whom I did not know. As I re-read the letter I saw the need of a worker for the soldiers of that city, and took the letter to the colonel of my regiment, who was District Secretary of the Soldiers' Christian Association. I asked him to read the letter as a brother Christian, not as my colonel, and give me his advice. A week went by and I heard nothing from him, but I continued to pray that I might go to China, unless God wanted me for India. The following week an orderly told me that the colonel wanted to see me at his bungalow. After we had prayed together he told me that he had not forgotten me, but that he did not want me to leave the regiment. He pointed out that he could have nothing to do with getting my dis-

'1'1IE ::UHR10:.HY HEVrEW UP TIn, WOULD

charge, as that had to go through the General Officer commanding the division. He explained that it would be necessary for me to apply for my discharge by purchase and that I must lay down twenty pounds. He was certain that the application would be refused as I had been in the country too short a time to warrant purchasing my discharge. He said, however, that if this apparently insurmountable obstacle were removed he would be sure that it was God's will for me to accept the call.

The General Officer Commanding returned my application for discharge with the words "Not sufficient service in India" written across it; but in red ink was added: "If you can give any very good reason why you should be granted a discharge it will be reconsid- ('red." The Y. M. C. A. Secretary had said in his letter that Madras had a splendidly equipped Army Branch, but no available man to take charge of the work for the nearly one thousand men stationed there. 1 pinned this letter to the application and again sent it to headquarters. By 10 a. m. the following morning I was on my way to Madras to take up the work of Army Secretary in the Y. M. C. A. !

About two months after this a missionary of the China Inland Mission came to Madras on his way to the Edinburgh Conference and asked me if I would be willing to go to China with him on his return. It was a great temptation but after much prayer I felt that God had placed me in India for a definite purpose and that I must prove myself worthy.

My work extended to European civilians and Anglo-Indians who are considered Christian by the Indians and therefore constitute both a danger and a possibility. After a short time in Madras I came to America and eventually returned with my wife in 1913 as General ,,ySecretary of a Y. M. C. A. Branch in North India. During the Great ar more than half my work was again among!1t the soldiers, both Indian and British. The desire to go to China is not gone, but we are convin~ed that India is our field.

CHARLES SPURGEON ON PREACHING "I have heard of ministers who can preach a sermon without mentioning the name of Jesus from beginning to end.

"If you ever hear a sermon of that kind mind that you never hear another from that man. If a baker once made me a loaf of bread without any flour in it, I would take good care that he shonld never do so again; and I say the same of a man who can preach a Christless gospel. Let those go and hear him who do not value their immortal souls; but your soul and mine are too precious to be placed at the mercy of such a preacher."

MBTHODS

EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 1612 GROVE AVENUE, RICHMOND, VA.

A MISSIONARY READING PROGRAM FOR A CHURCH "Show me what a man reads ancI I will show you what manner of man he is." 'Ne might go further and say, "Show me what girls and boys read and I will show YOll what JUamler of women and men they are going to be."

Robert E. Speer thus traces the apostolic slIccession of missionary influence: "In 1746 the Society of Promoting Ohristian Knowledge, iu Ediuburgh, pnb· lished the journal of David Brainerd. He died the next year at the age of thirty·one. Re was no genius, orator, scholar or discoverer. Is there any influence stronger than his ~ His journal inspired Cm'ey and helped to shape his course. Martyn read it at Cambridge, and it made him a missionary. Murray ]{cCheyne read it, and was I moulded by it. 'The Memoirs of David Brainerd and Henry Martyn gave me par· ticular pleasure,' wrote young John Wilson in 1824. 'Try to get hold of the life of John Wilson, the great Scotch missionary of India,' Tote Keith Falconer in 1878. Let any missionary or "'orkm', conscious that his power has departed from him, or that he needs more, turn to this old-time record of a life of utter devotion amI prayer. "

Let any church or Sunday·school conscion8 that it needs more missionary interest and enthusiaSlll plan to ei:rl"u1ate Dlissionary literature.

BEGINNING AT THE BEGINNING that is world-wide in its out-reach as "Too late," said the great violinist when a mother holds her own newto the would-be pupil, "your fingers born babe in her arms. Following are stiff now. You '11 never be more the prayer are stories of little folks than an average player. You should around the world, prepared in a simhave begun to take lessons when you ple form to be read by motllers to litwere a child." tle children. Any church that neg- lects to furnish materials of mission- "Too late," said the language ary education to the mothers of little teacher, "you may learn to make your children is missing an opportunity wants knownin a foreign tongue but that never comes again. "The School to bc a real linguist you should have begun when you were young." of Mother's Knee "* gives excellent So we begin too late in much of our suggestions along this line. missionary education work. An effective missionary reading program *"The School of Mother's Knee," by Margaret should begin with the smallest chil- T. Applegarth, published by the Women'.

American Baptist Foreign Mission SOCiety, 276 Fifth Ave., New York City, price $1.50. For sale at any Mission Board Headquarters.

dren. LIBRARY OPPORTUNITIES One of the Mission Boards, which is planning a thorough and comprehen- The Church Library-One of the sive missionary literature program, most important offices in any church has issued as its first step a "Prayer is that of librarian. To put into a for Mothers," attractively printed on church or Sunday-school library the a card to be sent to the baby's mother. books that should be there and then to There is never such a time of oppor- send those books out into the hands of tunity for developing a mother-love the people who need them, is a task 131

worthy of the highest ability. The boy who would be spellbound with missionary feature of the church library should not be overlooked. A "Livingstone, the Pathfinder," will committee composed of one representative from each missionary organiza- not come back for a second book if his tion of the church and one from each lepartment of the Sunday-school may first is "Meditations upon Death." prepare lists of books. One reason why the libraries are so little used is The following circulation pointers because the books are unsuited to the needs and tastes of different ages and have been gathered from successful limany of them are out of date. New books should be added at least once a brarians: – year. There is a decided advantage in even more frequent additions. 1. Announce new books by attrac- There are many possibilities for be- tive posters, displayed in different deginning or enlarging libraries. partments of the Sunday-school and 1. A sum for this purpose may be appropriated from the church treas- at the meetings of the various organiury. zations. For the Young People's So- 2. Various organizations may make an appropriation for it. ciety a picture of a bride and of an 3. "Book Week" may be advertised arrow piercing two hearts, and below by a poster displayed in the vestibule. Beside it should be hung a list of the the words books desired by the committee, with the price printed after each book, and "Are Missiouaries human' a suggestion that interested donors "Get 'Love Stories of Great Mis· place the price of the book they will sionaries' from the library and see." present in one of the envelopes on the table beneath the poster, write name A picture of a lion may be followed of donor and of the book on the en- by "Read 'LIVINGSTONE, THE PATHvelope, and drop into the coin box, at FINDER' and see how they met in Afthe same time checking the book off the list.. A committee may call atten- rica. " tion to this list of books or circulate "UNDER MANY FLAGS" may be adit personally. Never have an uninstructed donation day for your li- vertised by a poster showing tiny flags brary. Many libraries have died from of many lands with pictures of varian overdose of undesirable, unread- ous missionaries underneath, while able volumes unloaded on them by above all is the Christian flag and at people who think any well bound book the bottom, "Get it from the Liis suitable for a Sunday-school li- brary." brary. "Stay-at-Home-Journeys" may be 4. Often one or more individuals recommended by two children with a will make a gift to found or to main- story book in the center and a margin tain the library. of trains, ships, airplanes, bicycles, 5. Various organizations in the etc. church may make annual appropria- 2. Occasionally tell some. incident tions for the addition of new books, after the library is in running order. or read a striking quotation from a book in a way that will be appetizing. CIRCULATION METHODS 3. Call the attention of the leaders To begin with, some one must know of various meetings, and those who the books and know the people. The are to speak or prepare papers, to books that contain helpful material.

4. Arrange reading contests giving lists of books to different organizations or departments. Many district or state organizations have a silver lov- ing cup which is awarded each year to the department or society reporting the largest number of books read.

5. "I always count a broken arm a perfectly grand missionary opportun- ity, " said one wide-awake librarian. , 'Shortly after the surgeon departs, I arrive with a thrilling missionary book. The boy is well enough to read but there are so few other things that

BEST METHODS

he can do, he keeps me busy taking department store, so that mothers back the books he has finished and could leave their children there to bringi.ng him new ones." read the books while they shopped. It 6. "I have a 'First Aid Corps' on might easily be possible for stores or my library staff consisting of six tea rooms in smaller communities or bright girls and boys who hold them- rural sections to grant similar privi- selves ready to go and read aloud to leges.

some of our older members or to the sick or shut in. I have ready a splen- CITY LIBRARIES. Bear in mind that did assortment of missionary stories city libraries serve their constituency.

of varying lengths. Some have been A request from a representative com- cut out of magazines and mounted, mittee for the addition of new mis- others are leaflets which I have pasted sionary books will always receive at- on cardboard sheets for safe keeping tention. Every Interdenominational and still others are books. The pastor Missionary Union should have a Li- occasionally announces that any mem- brary Committee to see that every li- bers who would like to have some one brary opportunity is utilized to the read to them, may report to the li- highest point of possibility. * .. * brarian. Often people report the names of friends or acquaintances THE SCHOOL OR COLLEGE LIBRARY.

they think would enjoy the reading. A high school teacher in a Wyoming We have interested many people in city interested the Women's Club in this way." furnishing good biographies and other 7. "I occasionally copy for teachers books of vocational guidance for his in various departments a striking in- School Library. He consulted with cident from some book and ask them missionary advisors among others, to quote it in their classes. " with the result that $50 was invested .. * '* in Stories of Missionary Heroism. A Summer School of Missionary A READ-WHILE-YOU-WAIT-LIBRARY Methods was held in a Church college.

"Meet me at the Book Shelf in Mc- Some one proposed that each delegate Creery's at twelve," said one shopper should present a missionary volume to to another. "She'll be late," she the college library. It is a thing we added to herself as she went out, "but are apt to overlook-this missionary I don't care if she is. I've been want- shelf in our school libraries-and yet ing to look over the new books any it is an open gateway to large influ- way." ence. Every denomination should Thanks to the enterprise of a few study carefully the missionary library far seeing missionary leaders the situation in its schools and colleges.

Book Shelf in McCreery's was not Student secretaries should see that the filled with the latest fiction, or with libraries of the state universities and the year's" best sellers, " but with the colleges are kept abreast of the mis- latest missionary books. sionary times, and City Missionary The City Missionary Federation ar- Unions or Federations should make ranged with the management of the the most of the opportunity of high store to place a shelf of the new mis- school libraries.

sionary books and some of the most valuable old ones in a cozy corner of ALso ORPHAN HOMES. What are the writing room. It soon became a the children in our Orphans' Homes favorite meeting place and resting reading' It is amazing how many place for the missionary women of the people regard a church institution for city. children as a sort of literary dumping Another Federation had a shelf of ground for books that are simply missionary story books for children refuse from private libraries. A box arranged in an attractive corner of a was received not long ago by a church

institution with this explanation. they do not even know there is a mis- "Our church has recently decided to sionary magazine they settle deeper clean up its Sunday-school Library and deeper into the rut into which no and throw out all undesirable books. such magazine ever comes.

Weare, therefore, sending you a large In addition to the denominational box of books which we trust you will papers every congregation should be able to use to good advantage." have a "Missionary Review Club"

Every secretary of Children's Work (send to the REVIEW office for infor- should count the children in church mation as to special club rates). Sub- institutions in her territory as one of scriptions are not difficult to secure if her responsibilities and opportunities, a secretary gives definite attention to and should see that the best mission- it. Now that" Everyland" has comp ary books to be had are within their back, there should also be an "Every- reach. land Club" for young people in eVC'ry congregation. Oh, the pathos of it- THE MAGAZINE SECRETARY that girls and boys should grow up ill The majority of church members in America with no outlook of worlel most congregations are languishing friendship! If we but knew our day from the effects of nothing-to-do, of opportunity, we would become cirwhile the church languishes because culation agents, everyone of us, to of things that are not being donc. help place missionary literature ill Why not give some one a big, defi- their hands. Write to the Circulation nite piece of work to do and at the Department of the MISSIONARY REsame time meet a need that is evident VIEW OF THE WORLD, 156 Fifth Avin every congregation by appointing enue, New York and to Everyland, a Missionary Magazine Secretary ~ care of Miss M. H. Leavis, West Med- Trite and true is it that "what's ford, Mass., for blanks and rates.

everybody's business is nobody's busi- """ ness." Until there is some one dt'fi- SAFE INVESTMENTS AND SURE. A nitely appointed to be responsible for great layman has given a sufficient the circulation of missionary maga.. number of subscriptions to the MIS- zines the work will likely be done in a SIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD to very haphazard fashion. place a copy within the reach of every First of all there are the denomina- foreign missionary in every field of tional magazines. The Magazine Sec- his entire denomination.

retary should see that they are circu- One large hearted, broad visioned lated in the various organizations and woman has given the REVIEW to 250 families of the church. Many mem- Christian leaders, and another han bers do not think of subscribing. sent the REVIEW to all the colleges in Many others fail to renew their sub- her state.

scriptions, unless some one reminds A Synodical Superintendent ar- them of it. The Magazine Secretary ranged, through interested friends, to should also call on new membprs as send the REVlEW to all the pastors of soon as they are received into the his Synod.

church or mail them a letter to be fol- A girl gave Everyland to all the lowed by a visit. It should be gener- Orphan Homes of her state.

aUy understood that one thing that is A friend gave Everyland to the definitely expected of church members missionary families with children in is that they read rcgularl~- thc mis- her denomination.

sionary magazine of their church. The Editor of "Best Methods"

Most people would form the habit of knows hundreds of children who do so doing, if they understood when not see EIJerylamd and cannot get it they were received into the church unless some one gives it to them. She that this wa~ a thing they were expect- knows also hundreds of men and ed to do. When weeks pass by and women who could give it to them. She

would like to be the go-between for "',I' lOth, ,m(l reserve the evening of that the men and women who have, and day for a dinner to the Board of Stewards to the children who have not. (Write to be given by Mr. – – at his home, at the" Best Methods" Editor about it.) ",hh'h time we ,vill have a free-for-all dis- ('ussion of the book."

MEN AND MISSIONARY LITERATURE MAKING" FROM SURVEY TO SERVICE"

Things some m.en have done and REAl, other men ma,y do. lVIrs. H. L. Goddard of Walpole, Several laymen presented one of Mass., has given her Missionary Sothe outstanding missionary books to ciety an opportunity of not only heare,"ery pastor of their denomination. ing and reading "From Survey to Service" but of seeing it also. ht- One keen judge of values gavp stead of the usual program of paperR copies of the best book he could find on the various topics, a very simple 011 "Missions in the Sunday-School" but effective dramatic presentation of to Sunday-school Superintendents of the various chapters was given. his acquaintance. The scenc was the home of the pres- A prominent banker in a southern ident of a missionary society who was city, who knew a good investment deeply interested in foreign missions, when he saw one. carefully selected but who made very clear the fact that missionary biographies for ;ver forty she couldn't exactly see that home boys of his acquaintance and sent missions were really missions. She them as a personal gift, with his card. had called together her Committee on the Year's Program and previous to A pastor invited all of his church their arrival, was busied with her officers to be his guests for one night mail. Among other letters was a rea week at a six weeks' Discussion Club quest from the Mission Study Secreand used a missionary book as thc tary that her society study the texthasis for it. After the first interesting' book" From Survey to ServicE'." Her meeting the men were glad to pur- comments to her maid revealed how chase copies of the book. little she knew about Home Mission needs and how undersized was her es- * «< * timate of the importance of that work.

Do You SEE OPPORTUNITY HERE? The first member of the Committee Tn a Men's Bible Class presenting a to arrive had been to Hawaii and prelife story of a great missionary to sented, in a striking conversational every boy who graduates at high way, some of the facts given in the school 1 textbook. The second had just re- In a Big Brother Book Club in turned from Porto Rico and Santa which every man gives at least onr Domingo and was full of enthusillilm book to a boy and takes some personal about the needs there. The third oversight of his reading V woman entered, reading a letter from In a missionary leaflet mailed oncc her husband who was in Aillilka. a month by the Brotherhood to every Others came who in various ways and man in the Church Y thTough various contacts brought in- In this letter: formation about the other depart- ments of Home Mission work. The "DEAR MR. BLANK: postman also arrived with a letter from a missionary for whom a box "To be a member of the Board of Stew- was being prepar~d. This letter was ards of Grace Methodist Church is no small based on the material in the book. dealresponsibility. Our opportunity is as wid" ing with frontier work. One of the as the world. Every man of us is eager to group in looking through a magazinE' he up-to-the-minute in our business or pro- saw an article on "Migrant America" fession. We need to be up·to-the-minute in which gave striking facts from the the affairs of the Kingdom. Some of ue are not up to twenty-five years ago in missionary affairs. One member of the Board has presented a copy of the latest word on Home Missions, the book 'From Survey to Service,' to each of our Stewards. Your copy is enclosed. Please read it by Febrn-

chapter "Mankind on the Move." A en and child-widows with nothing to member coming late explained that do and no means of support. She she had just returned from a visit to taught them to make lace and sent a her cousin in aNew York settlement few pieces to America to her friends house. She brought in the Immigrant to show what they had done. The Problem which was later accentuated friends wanted more lace and the by an episode in which the little women in India wanted more oppordaughter of the family entered, lead- tunity. Now over nine hundred woming by the hand a wee Italian boy, who en and girls in India are self-supporthad been mistreated by the children ing through their lace industry. at play. The "little ehild" led their Widows, cripples, orphans and desertthoughts and their discussion to their ed wives have a new door opened to duty to foreign neighbors. Some one them. They come in classes to the recalled and recited Robert Schauf- missionary in charge. Many come tier's "Scum of the Earth." from outlying villages, remaining for a week or ten days. Every day, in During the tea hour, the leader addition to the lessons in lace making, summed up the conversation of the there is an hour and a half of Bible afternoon. Several selections from study, which brings to these downthe textbook were read and the women trodden, suffering women their first present readily promised to read the book. The program ended with a plea message of light and hope. A housegiven by the hostess, which brought in boat in which the missionary in charge the reference to Abraham Lincoln's goes up and down the river, carrying brooding over the map of the United supplies and gathering up laces has States, and the singing of the hymn, been added to the equipment. "America, the BeautifuL" The first Sunday in May is "Thread Mrs. Goddard '8 suggestion may be Day." The children of the United adapted to make an interesting pre- Lutheran Church in America are view or review or a program meeting asked to bring spools of thread for on almost any Mission Study book, India laces. In 1921 about. 300,000 though it is peculiarly fitted for the spools of thread, or their equivalent presentation of "From Survey to in cash gifts, came in. Service." Many attractive methods were de- Do you have good methods for the veloped in connection with Thread circulation of missionary literature! Day. .There were posters of various Pass them on through the Best Meth.- types. Some were bordered with ods Department. A later issue will spools of thread, and showed pictures present missionary leaflets. missionary of the girls and women at work on the books in the home, and other phases of laces in India. Thousands of leatIets the subject. were distributed, which spread infor- mation about the work and aroused THREE HUNDRED THOUSAND interest. In some Sunday-schools, at- tractive baskets trimmed with spools SPOOLS OF THREAD of thread were made for gathering the offering. The actual buying and han- The Women '8 Missionary Society of the United Lutheran Church in Amer- dling of the thread that was to go to ica has developed a wonderful lace in- India made a very definite and valudustry in India. Like all great oaks able point of contact with the mission it grew from a little acorn. A missionary found hopeless, helpless wom- work and thousands of children lis- tened eagerly to learn more of the girls and women to whom their spools of thread would go.

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY MrssFLORENCE E. QUINLAN, NEW YORK TWO ACTIVE MISSIONARY were from the Association. There was UNIONS no admission fee to this public meet- Last month we printed an article telling of ing. There were afternoon sessions ~i~i:;~!dnt~:tw~~e:'sS:f!~~lrt~e~i~~i~nco~~~i . on the three days, consisting of a deof Churches. The following sketch of activities votional service, mission study, and ~r~Y l~lte';,t~dO~~ M~;es.i~h':, tl!re~~~~ g~~S~rts:;'~ an inspirational address. A Denomomeers i;resJ~~~;!p~fo,;h~! y~~o~a~if~~t~~ °Jeh~gl~m~~~ of either Union w!1l be glad to answer inational Poster Exhibit was one of the attractions, and a feature of the t~~;~gnsan~or Ml~~o:ae~efi~J:raiig:! ~O!tb~~ program was the review of a textbook for Negro children by a Negro cIUes.-EDITOR.

The Woman's Interdenominational teacher.

Missionary Union of the District of The keynote of the School was Columbia, organized in March, 1900, "Service"; the inspirational thought represents one hundred and seventy- which was constantly kept before the five churches of twenty-three evangel- group and voiced in frequent fervent ieal denominations and fifteen other prayer, was: "Ye have. not chosen organizations. Among the churches Me, but I have chosen you and or- are those of northern and southern dained you, that ye should go and branches of Baptists, Methodists and bring forth fruit …. that whatsoever Presbyterians; there are white ye shall ask of the Father in My name, churches and Negro' churches. An He will give it you." The slogan was: outstanding activity is the coopera- A study class in every church! Study tion with the international and inter- classes were urged to attend in a body denominational Mission to Lepers. and were given reduced rates.

On the afternoon of the first Friday A few miles away in' Baltimore is a of each month from October through similar Union with representatives of May there is a meeting for interces- seventeen denominations on the Ex- sory prayer. The Day of Prayer for eeutive Committee. Besides the usual Missions observed throughout the lines of service the Union is prepared United States is among the yearly ac- to assist auxiliaries in procuring mis- tivities of the Union. sionary speakers when needed. It has The fourth Annual School for Mis- a Young Women's Auxiliary which sionary Instruction was held by this proves especially useful when pag- Union November 8, 9, and 10, 1921. eants are to be presented. This Balti- Because of the excitement incident to more Union held its seventh annual Armistice Day in Washington, it had School of Missionary Instruction the been judged impracticable to continue first days in November, similar to the the sessions through November 11th. one in Washington.

As usual, a registration fee of one Here the features of the program dollar was charged and denomination- included a special period of Bible al registrars were appointed. The study, mission study classes for adults, clergy were allowed to attend, free, for young people, for boys and girls, with their wives. The sessions this a lecture each afternoon on "Meth.

year were marked by an increased ods, " a supper each evening with an number of young women, including inspirational talk, and public evening young married women, enrolled as stu- services. The sessions were consecu- dents, among them young women of tive, from' two to nine-thirty p. m.

the local Y. W. C. A. The ushers for The supper tickets, which were fifty the popular meeting held one evening cents, were sold to holders of registra.

137

38 THE MISSIOXARY REnEW OF THE WORLD [:B'ebruary

tion cards. There was a registration problems from the standpoint of pro- of four hundred and fifty. moting missionary education. How can we secure a teaching force with The Baltimore Union and the five the missionary point of view? If we other unions in Maryland, of which have such a force we will get mission- the one in Baltimore is parent, are or- ary instruction even in 'spite of the ganized into a Women's Interdenom- paucity of materials, though we will inational Missionary Council for get better missionary instruction with Maryland. The P~esident of the adequate missionary material. With- Baltimore Union is by virtue of her out such a teaching force we are not position, a member of the Executiye likely to get anything across in the Committee of the Baltimore Federa- way of missionary viewpoint, no mattion of Churches. ter what is put into the lesson helps either for teacher or pupil. For this MISSIONARY EDUCATION IN THE reason I am recommending very strongly in my own work the establish- SUNDAY -SCHOOL ment of some sort of mission study class for Sunday-school teachers, ei- By JOliN BAILEY KELLEY ther in connection with the regular teachers' meeting or with a teacher Assistnnt Educational Secretary of the training course or arranged independ- Board of Home Missions, Presbyterian ently if necessary. If we could get Church in the U. S. A. our Sunday-school teachers to sit down together and study such a book One of the weak spots in the pro- as "The Why and How of Foreign gram of religious education in the past Missions" by Arthur .T. Brown, the has been the side-tracking of the mis- effect in the class work of these teachsionary motive and material. I do ers would be directly in proportion to not think this has been deliberate or the new vision and emphasis which intentional. The viewpoint rather had come to them in the process. seems to have been that this material is important and well enough in its In addition to the two suggestions place, but that owing to the greater given above we need to add a third, importance of other things there was namely, that there be worked out some hardly time for its consideration. We sort of interdenominational course of are now arriving at a point, however, definite missionary instruction appliin the development of our religious cable to Sunday-schools. In the case education program where it begins to of the more advanced grades there be apparent that missionary education are marked difficulties. The full is a vital part of the whole process, period available for lesson study is and consequently into the structure necessary for the adequate treatment of the more modern courses of Sun- of the theme presented in the regular day-school curricula and into the les- lesson. The sense of unity and conson material itself is being built in- gruity also forbids the introduction of creasingly the missionary idea with its extra topics of discussion. Our represent-day problems and its actual course here would seem to be either outworking on the mission field. the introduction into the curriculum itself of missi'ilnary lessons on a regu- But we need something more in the lar schedule or else the careful selecway of missiqnary education than we tion of lessons in the regular routine are likely to achieve in the near fu- which are capable of missionary interture by this process, wholesome as it pretation and exposition. is. At the present time, at least, we do not have enough missionary mate- With primary and junior grades, rial in the lesson helps, and what is however, the difficulty cited above even more of a handicap, owing to does not obtain. It is impossible to the neglect of missionary education in keep the minds of children coneenthe past, we do not have a teaching force with sufficient missionary vision.

This last point is worth dwelling upon as it involves one of the serious

NEWS FROM :MANY LANDS

trated for allY great length of time In addition to these things, there is upon one subject. Primary and the opportunity for real missionary junior teachers, therefore, break their education from the platform in the de- Sunday-school hour up into small segments and pass from one tIling to an- yotional exercises of the school or of other, giving the variety that is neces- the department. Here again we feel sary in order to hold the interest of the need of missionary vision on the the children. Here it is a simpler matter to introduce ten minutes of part of the superintendent quite as missionary instruction, provided care- much as we feel the need of it in the fully prepared material is available teaching force. Given this missionary and the teacher is led to see the value viewpoint, a great variety of way~ and importance of using it. Also, and open by which he can present to his this cannot be too much emphasized, school the facts about the missionary the material should be usable so that enterprise. The special days for home the teacher will find some satisfaction and foreign missions recommended by in making use of it. most of the denominations are one means of securing this missionary ed- This ideal course of supplementary missionary lessons for younger chil- ucation from the platform. They prodren should be worked out in a variety vide a curriculum, limited somewhat, of ways. It ought to re~t upon a sound and modern pedagogical basis. to be surr, but nevertheless a curricu- Modern American youth is precocious lum for systematic missionary instructo a degree. It will not do to attempt tion. our missionary instruction in an antiquated way. There should be hancl Many schools have a missionary work and other forms of expressional Sunday every month, some of them work as well as stories of vital interest. The possibilities along this line more than one a month, and utilize the have not been exhausted-paint books. posters, cut-outs, improvised dramati- devotional period of the Sundayzations, the making of scrapbooks, or school for the giving of information even, for the older girls, sewing to be done during the week in connection and inspiration from the platform. A with supplies for hospitals or mission- liYe missionary committee is an invalary boxes. uable aid at this point and may pos- sibly be the solution of the problem of the recalcitrant superintendent, though we are free to admit that this implies much grace on the part of the committee and somewhat more than human force and wisdom.

Get Somebody Else The Lord hall ng~tjobsofmoer bmodey' but I had so much to do I said, "You else, or wait till I get through."

I don't know how the Lord came out; no doubt He got along; But I felt kind 0' sneakin' like; I knew I'd done God wrong.

One clay I needed the Lord-needed Him right away; But He never answerer1 me at all, and I could hear Him say Down in my aeeusin' heart "Child, I've got too much to do; You get somebody else, or wait till I get through."

Now whell the Lorr1 has a job for me, I never try to shirk; I drop what I have on ha;'d and do the Lord's good work, And my affairs call run along or wait till I get through; Nobody else can do the work that God has marked out for you.

-Selected. OHINA sale of children, it is not generally The Fa.:mine Fund known and cannot be enforced, be- T HE American Committee for the cause there is no public sentiment China Famine Fund reports that behind it. A famine is not only a "a new seal has been added to the terrible physical disaster but also a charter of lasting friendship between moral calamity, as it puts a great the two nations." In December, moral strain on its victims.

1920, it was estimated that 20,000,000 people would need relief over a period The Ohinese Renaissance of seven months. Gifts from the T HE China Continuation Commit- United States have amounted to $7,- tee, one-half of whose sixty-five 750,000, sent to China by the Amer- members are now Chinese, devoted ican Committee, the Church boards, the Red Cross, and Chinese organiza- one day of its annual meeting in tions in America. Heavy rains which fell in August, 1921, in time to save Shanghai, to the consideration of new crops, and large results from a "The Chinese Renaissance" or " New campaign for funds carried on in China itself, brought the American Tide of Thought," which during the campaign to a prompt close with a past year has assumed extensive probalance on hand of about $550,000. In China also, monies unused amount portions. Although the movement is to about $700,000, making a total of unorganized and without officers or $1,250,000. The committee is studying how best to devote this fund to members, it stands everywhere for the the prevention of future famines. following things: (1) An attitude of criticism toward es- t ablished traditions, and indeed toward everything, new or olil; (2) The use of conversational Janguage as a medium· of expression instead of the old literary style; (3) Loyalty to democracy and freedom, in government and .'loeiety; (4) Love and Moral Effects of Famine service as the supreme principles of life, applying to international and inter-racial, REV. CHARLES H. CORBETT as well as to individual and family interests; of Peking gives the following in- (5) The scientific spirit and the effort to teresting sidelight on the famine in nationalize all life.

China: "I was asked to serve on a com- Freedom for Ohinese Womanhood T mittee to devise means to prevent the HE new freedom given to Chinese women under the Republic is sale of children. The work was be- gun so late that very little could be showing several very interesting de- accomp,lished beyond what had al- velopments since the days pI univer- ready been done by the various sal foot-binding and ignorance. On famine schools, orphanages and gen- an afternoon in June a thousand eral relief measures. The investiga- Chinese schoolgirls, drawn from 17 tions undertaken showed that a very schools in Shanghai, filled the arena large number of children have been of the Far Eastern Olympic Games sold, and that while some of these and gave a series of very remarkable have been adopted, or become daugh- demonstrations. In addition to the ters-in-law, the condition of a large schoolgirls there was a delegation of proportion is deplorable. Though factory girls, students and industrial there is now a law that forbids the girls thus w0rking in cooperation.

140 The performance was planned and other woman to read. On Saturday I directed by the Physical Education go' out and invite people to come to Department of the Y. W. C. A., which church the next day, and on Sunday I through its Normal Training School go to church."

of Hygiene and Physical Education This representative of pioneer girls'

is each year sending out girls as school work in China, after more than physical instructors for Chinese girls half a century of service for the girls and women. Most of the students in of China, sends this message, "Work, the school are Christians, or become Serve, Live!"

so before leaving; and freedom for China's womanhood is thus being Chinese Christian Athletes more and more closely identified with I N the Chinese Recorder for Septemthe "Way" of Jesus Christ. China ber, it is stated that athletes from is probably the first nation to admit Christian schools were prominent in girls to any place in Olympic games. the recent Far Eastern Olympic Club House tor Women. Games. Of twenty-nine competitors from Canton, nineteen were profess- A CLDB house for women has been ing Christians, and twenty-four from opened in Kaifeng by the Prot- schools under mission auspices. Of estant Episcopal Mission. Nothing the Nanking representatives, of whom has been done for women and girls there were seven, three were Chris- by the Chinese themselves, and with- tians. All the officials from Peking out Christian supervision freedom for were Christians, the coach and three women is open to many dangers. Most members of the basketball team, and of the upper class women in China the two tennis competitors, together have no outlook in life, and spend with others {rom North China, being their time in gossip and gambling. also Chrl!'itians. Ten or twelve of the What is proposed in this new club Japanese athletes were also professing house is the provision of popular lec- Christians. With the exception of tures, recreational facilities and possibly three or four, all the Philip- classes fpr instruction of various pine athletes were from Christian kinds. There will be residential quar- schools, or were Christians. It is in- ters for the women missionaries in teresting to note that of the nine men charge, so that they will be at hand to on the executive committee of the take advantage of the many oppor- new National Athletic Union (Chi- tunities this kind of work will afford. nese), eight are church members, and the ninth is a professing Christian.

A Chinese Woman's Business N OLD lady of fourscore years, Unwanted Baby Girls A her body worn with suffering, but T with radiant face, was told by a mis- HOUGH there has heena marked improvement in the position of sionary that she must take time to girls in China in recent years, the rest! She replied: "We rest when following stories told by a woman we go to heaven. See, I am still missionary of the Church Missionary strong. I can work. With this cane Society in Szechuan show how un- of mine I can walk a little. On Mon- welcome a baby girl still may be.

day I go out on the street and walk She writes: until I find some one to whom I can "In a certain home a baby girl was talk about Jesus. On Tuesday I go born and the father said that he would to the women's prayer-meeting and not recognize her, she could become I always try to take some one with me. a beggar. The mother tried to choke On Thursday I go to the house of a the child, and, failing, tore the little young Christian and teach her 'Th~ mouth open half across to the ear, Peep of Day.' On Friday I teach an- and then put her upon the edge of

T1m MfRRTO:'.HY HEYII·~W (W TilE '0111.1> [}'eOl'llflry

the cesspooL I was called in the next no way out for thc missionary cnter- day, and although I went twice every prise except the road of education."

day for a week, I could not save the The Continent.

little mite.

"In another case, a man returning A Beggars' Union in Shanghai from market heard a child crying, and ONE morning the proprietor of it saw a. little girl lying by the road- department store in Shanghai side; he, being childless, took her found one of the almost countless beghome to his wife, hoping to keep the gars of China plying his trade in the child as their own. They found that store, and, in anger at such a violathe little girl had been stabbed in the tion of rules, not only ordered the throat and back. They brought her beggar out, but kicked him out of the to us, but we could do nothing. She door. Within half an hour beggars died before the woman could get her began to gather upon the sidewalks home." about the store, which occupied nearly a square of the business sec- Student Influence in China tion, and in an hour there were bcg- DR. HARRY EMERSON FOS- gars walking three deep around the DICK, speaking in the interest store. Customers eould not reach the of Peking University after his recent doorways. The beggars did not ply their trade-just walked in an orderly visit to China, said: "The encouraging spot to look at way upon the walk. Constantly the in China-the spot through which the crowd of beggars was being added to, and the proprietor saw ruin for the new is welling up to take the place store. The beggars' union was workof what is corrupt and superstitious ing revenge for the parting kick given in the old-is the student life of the nation. There are 25,000 to 30,000 one of its members. ~, * * of these young men of promise in the The merchant knew he was beaten single city of Peking, studying with and sent for the head of the unionpassionate intensity what they be- they call it guild in the East, an inlieve is destined to redeem the life of stitution which antegates written histheir people – science, economics, tory. 'fhe head man admitted that the merchant had the right to put the dt'mocratic politics. No such passion beggar out, but the kick was an excess of youth for education prevails any- of rights. One thousand dollars cash, where else in the world. They arc paid within five minutes, and one not simply the sons of the wealthy and thousand a month as a surety that the powerfuL Some of the strongest rights might not be exceeded in the potential leaders of the renewed future, was the demand of the beg- China of the future are sons of th0 gars' union-and it was either that or humblest households-the forerunners of a genuine Chinese democracy. bankruptcy.

The overwhelming mass of rducated young China has turnell to JAPAN-CHOSEN agnosticism. They cannot think of Tour of the Crown Prince R religion in any other terms than BV. G. J. W.AJjSH, of the Church Missionary Society, says that terms such as they have known in the immemorial worship of their own while some may see in the Crown people. And the unhappiest thing Priuce'8 tour in western lands, only about it all is that the most of the a unique historic event, "we regard it il).1iuences which come out of the as one of the signs of the earnestness western lands to inspire young China of Japan's quest-a quest for peace are frankly irreligious. •with the world and for the things that There is no answer to these influences will bring her not material greatness except Christian education. There is alone, but also the righteousness that

J!l2~J

'exalteth a nation.' Japan is already "Of course, authority attempts cor· a member of the League of Nations. rectives. The police are attempting She is showing a real anxiety to bring to restore the use of family shrines her industrial and social conditions in the home, on the theory that the up to the same standards as other family system and reverence for ancivilized nations. More than one cestors is the foundation of Japanese great industrial concern has recently social unity and strength. The Imformed a labor bureau, whose definite perial University is to develop the object is to study methods of im- study of religion, and the papers anprovement of labor conditions. In nounce the foundation of a chair in Japan a Christian background and a Christian Theology. The Education Christian public opinion are begin- Department announces an elaborate ning to be perceptible. Japan is not study of religions with a view to getunaware 6f the wrongs in her life, ting new religious laws promuland is already seeking ror a remedy." gated."

A Changed Attitude New Use for Christian Knowledge I ~~THERE has been a marked N A JAPANESE cinema there is change," writes Rev. J. B. always a speaker who dramatically Hail of Wakayama, Japan, "in the explains each picture, because the attitude of the educational world EngUsh words shown on the films are toward Christianity. Whereas for- not intelligible to the majority of the merly the Christian ministers were audience. A missionary of the Church not permitted to speak in the schools, Missionary Society relates the pre- now they are frequently called upon dicament of a Japanese cinema pro- to lecture on morals to the students in prietor who sent post haste for the the higher classes. One young Jap- missionary one evening as he was anese student told me that at the Eng- about to enter his pulpit, imploring lish examination of his class he sang him to come at once to the nearest two English hymI1iS and addressed moving picture theatre to explain the his fellow-students on the teachings words: "A bruised reed shall He not of Jesus." break, and smoking flax shall He not quench. " The dramatic reader's New Standards in Japan knowledge had failed him, and he re- T HE Rev. W. F. France, of South marked: "We can't get along with- Tokyo, writes in The Mission out some understanding of Christian- Field: "No country has changed more ity; so many of the films have allucompletely than Japan during, and sions to it. "

since the war. The break-up of past Baron Saito on Korea standards and ideals is summed up in I N an address on December 9 at the a"the word 'democracy.' The word is home of Dr. S. H. Wainright in common as the word 'patriotism' was after the war with Russia. It is Tokyo, the Governor-General of uRed to justify the rapid disappear- KorE'a said: ance of courtesy and good manners. "This is the dawning of a new day Workmen use it to justify being up- upon the world and particularly upon roarious or fighting for a place in a the Pacific. Earnest men at Wash- tram. Students use it to justify not ington are laying the foundations for obeying their superiors. All this is an edifice of pacific goodwill, wherein to be found in daily discussions in the the nations may enter together in press magazines and the like. All brotherhood.

writers start with the axiom that "I am keenly anxious that the same Japan is in a peculiarly dangerous laying aside of suspicion be brought state of thought. about in Korea as is being brought

about elsewhere. I am striving to brought a large body of people into win the confidence of the Korean peo- the Church." ple, because, having their confidence, I can do much more for them than is INDIA possible where they suspect my motives and have a misunderstanding of Gandhi on India's Need the policy of the Imperial Government toward them. M K. GANDHI, the Nationalist "In this era of peace and goodwill, .L • leader of India, is quoted in I have asked the Christian mission- The Christian Patriot of Madras as aries of Korea to help me, and they are helping me. I now wish to ask believing that India must rise above the help of Christian missionaries in Japan. I desire to aid the Korean her present state of spiritual and and to bring him happiness, safety, a competence and a knowledge that secular degradation before she can he may rely upon Japanese law for his security and for justice. You can hope to teach the world. Rabinhelp by your prayers and by your influence among those to whom the dranath Tagore and others have been Koreans look for advice." upholding the power of the ancient Centenary Campaign in Korea Shastras, but Gandhi replies: "They T HE Southern Methodist Church reports 16,000 new believers and are printed in many editions, and an the organization of about 150 new churches or groups in non-Christian incredulous and idolatrous world revillages as the result of its centenary evangelistic campaign in Korea. This fuses to look at them, because the campaign is described by Rev. J. S. Ryang, centenary secretary, as having heirs and custodians do not live by been divided into four parts: a campaign among non-Christian villages, them. Before therefore I can think among non-Christians in the cities through the city churches, a similar of sharing with the world, I must effort through the country churches, and conservation work. On the last possess. . A drowning man point he says: cannot save others. In order to be "To bring men into the Church and to persuade them to become be- fit to sa-ve others, we must try to save lievers is comparatively easy in Korea nowadays, but to help them to be con- ourselves. Indian nationalism is not sistent Christians is a harder task. So we had several men in each dis- exclusive, nor aggressive, nor destructrict working throughout the year for the purpose of instructing new be- tive. It is health-giving, religious and lievers in the fundamentals of the Christian life. We also have had a therefore humanitarian. India must conservation program for every local church, which revived many old be- learn to live before she can aspire to lievers and helped the new ones. While we were trying to conserve the die for humanity." believers, the conservation work The Demand for Purity REPRESENTATIVES of various Protestant missions, the Roman Catholic Archbishop, an Indian Chris- tian magistrate, a leading Hindu member of the Legislative Council, and Lady Freeman of the Women's Presidency Council united in address- ing a meeting held in Bombay to dis- cuss commercialized vice and the need of legislation to control it. Lady Freeman stated that girl babies are sold in Bombay for four annas (about eight cents).

There is some serious thinking being done on the subject of social purity in India today. Gandhi, the Nationalist leader, has written an article entitled "Our Fallen Sisters," in which he speaks of spending two hours at Bari- sal in the company of 350 such women, and says he hung his head in shame that "gambling in vice"

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

has such a prominent part in Indian teacher to undertcll:.e it, if he gi"es civilization. He Clalls on meL to con- his services voluntarily The Madras trol their passions and on slil!h women Government is prepared to make such to become "the true Sannli'1St11,," or instruction compulsory for hoy~ holy women. The Dnyanorl",ya, an whose parents or guardians wisb it, Indian Christian newspaper '~n Bom- but the Bombay Government would bay, pertinently inquires how Mr. make it compulsory only in hostels.

Gandhi expects such changes to be The Madras Government is willing to brought about apart from Christ. lieduct the time spent by the boy in receiving religious instruction .from The Santals Discuss Christianity the period indicated in the prescribed S CATTERED in various parts of curriculum, but the Bombay Govern- Bengal and Bihar are a unique aboriginal race known as the Santals, ment :8 not. The Bombay Governwho believe themselves to have been at one time servants of the true God, ment has apparently passed e definite but who are now worshippers of the Devil, whom they 3ull Marang Buru. order, while the Madras Government has issued its order tentatively and is desirous of receiving criticisms and suggestion!'; " The Harvest Field.

There are at present many indications of a mass movement of the San- MOSLEM LANDS tals toward Christianity. They have Leader of Bahaism Dies L held several conferences for the dis- AST November Abdul Baha died in the villa on Mount Carmel in cussion of the question and in each .case there was a large majority in which he had spent the last twenty favor of becoming Christians at once years of his life. Abdul Baha Abbas, provided all would agree. It is one as the third prophe.t of Bahaism al. of the racial characterist~cs of these ways signed his name, was born in people to seek unanimous agreement. Shiraz, Persia, May 23, 1844. It was Their interest in education has grown on that day that Mirza Ali Moham- by leaps and bounds. The Santals med, also a Persian, and presently to are virile, noted among their neigh- be called the Bab, preached the first boring races for truthfulness and revelation of Bahaism. It claims not decisiveness of character. Their to be a religion, but the root of all moral standards and social customs constructive religions. It is suppose1 are more wholesoIDe and eugenic than to be a cult of harmony, of brother- prevail generally in India. Chris- hood, of infinite charity. It is said tianized and educated they will take that Mirza received his firct inspira- their place as one of the dominatiucr tion to found the cult in the words influences in the future Churcb and of Achmet the Turk: "Religion means State of India. the various ways in which God is worshipped. "

Religious Education in India In 1912 Abdul Baha visited the T HIS question has been under spe- United States and was received not cial consideration in India, and only by the societies of Bahaism, the government; of Bombay and which had gradually grown up here, Madras presidencies have issued or- but also by several universities.

ders, which provide for the use of school and college premises for re- Less Bigotry in Persia A ligious teaching out of the ordinary MEDICAL missionary of the Church Missionary Society itinerhours for instruction. "The Bombay Government does not allow a teacher ating in company with an Armenian in the employ of Government to give assistant in some villages near Isfa- such religious teaching, but the han, Persia, had some experiences Madras Government permits the whiClh illustrate the gradual breaking

down of bigotry. During three days Armenians Again in Danger over fifty Bibles '1nd Scripture por- tions were sold, and some 500 people T HE agreement recently made by in the aggregate listened attentively the French Government, to recog- to direct and simple gospel addresses nize the Turkish Nationalists under illustrated by lantern pictures. The Mustapha Kemal Pasha as a de facto chief of the village entertained them, government and to withdraw from lnd they sat down to a meal, all of Cilicia, has not only broken up the them-Mohammedans and Christians unity of the Allies in dealing with -eating out of the same dishes. This the Near East, but drove 100,000 Arwillingness on the part of Moslems to menians from that region. They were eat with Christians is increasing. believed to be in danger of annihila- tion, unless adequate steps were Encouraging Contrasts in Persia taken for their protection before the evacuation of the French troops was DR. EDWARD M. DODD, of the completed. The Turks, incensed by Presbyterian Mission in Tabriz, the aid Armenians gave France, had Persia, now on furlough, points out announced that as soon as the withthe encouraging contrasts between drawal of the French army was comconditions in 'Western Persia a year plete, they would build mosques with ago and now. In December, 1920, the the skulls of the Armenians and political 'lituation was very dubious other Christians in Cilicia. Already and the mission work at a minimum. practically the entire population of The threat of Bo~shevik occupatIOn Zeitolln, a city in the Taurus mrunund general disorder forced almost tains, has bePD destroyed. The the entire foreign colony in Tabriz United States .~el'" a. naval vessel to and some 1,200 Sjrians from Urumia Mersina and helped to maintain quiet who were there to migrate to Hama- during the exodus of the frightened dan and other easterly cities. There Christians from Cilicia. seemed every likelihood that the W9rk of the mission would be seriously MissionaX"> C'onditions in Turkey halted, if not entirely wrecked. "This year," says Dr. Dodd, "the future T HE Kemalist Government has of the work looks brighter than per- shown its hostility to missionary haps at any time in many years. The work, Dot only by obstructing relief crash did not come. The evacuated measures in Kharput but by imposing stations of Tabriz in West Persia, a tax of 6,000 Turkish lire on the and Meshed and Resht in East Persia, salaries of the American relief and have been reoccupied. And work has missionary workers, without any inbeen going on all along the line f'111 dication as to the basis or time for blast. which it is demanded.

"At Tabriz during the period of All but three of the American suspense last winter, when rumors Board missionaries have been exfrom the Caucasus were rife :md it pelled from Marsovan and even Dr. was uncertain what the political '-,ut- Marden's big hospital has been closed. come would be, the church work under In some other sections, however, work l'[r. Pittman took on fresh evidences is going on well. Eighty per cent of of life. The months of uneasiness the Board's force of 137 missionaries and difficulty were m(}n~11:l of growth are on the ground. Of these, twentyand progress. According to the ob- six are engaged in Near East Relief, servation of old church members, eighty-foUl are doing Tegular misthere has never been such a time of sionary work. The following stations are still occupied: Constantinople, deep interest and consecration as dur- Brousa, Smyrna, Marsovan (three ing the winter and spring of 1921." missionaries), Sivas, Cesarea, Talas, Trebizond, Harpoot (three mission-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

aries), Tarsus, Adana, Aintab, other hand a more conservative group, Marash. Dr. Ussher is at Erivan in headed by the Prime Minister and the Caucasus, covering also TitUs and other officials then in power, argued Alexandropol, now under Soviet con- their rights to represent Egypt.

trol. The schools in the coast cities Gradually the country grew weary are all operating, many of them with of disturbances and popular favor large enrolments, Moslem students settled down slowly in favor of the being much in evidence. conservative group. A delegation was appointed to carry on the negotia- AFRICA tions with the British Government.

Growth of Cairo University Recent report.s indicate that progress T HE American University at Cairo has been made, and it is expected that opened the current year with an before long the Egyptian delegation increase of six in its teaching force will return to Egypt with definite and a litudent enrolment of 201 as proposals which will mark a very conagainst 150 a year ago. Among these siderable advance toward self-governstudents, forty-eight are sons of gov- ment. Meanwhile, the national exernment officials, eighty-one of land pectation in this direction is a powerowners, twenty-seven of merchants, ful stimulus to the prevailing demand eight of lawyers, ten of doctors, four for the best possible education for the of mayors of towns or villages, three rising generation.

of judges, seven of civil engineers, while one is the son of a Minister of Waiting List at Assiut Justice, one a son of a Commandant T HE United Presbyterian College of Police, and one a son of the vice- at Assiut, which a member of the president of the native court. Their recent Milner Commission to Egypt social standing is further evident from called" a wonderful institution, doing the fact that thirty-one boys are sons the largest work of its kind in the of beys and three are sons of pashas. country," enrolled over 700 students Fifty-six per eent of the enrolment at its opening this year. Extra. diviis Moslem, and for the most part the sions of classes were arranged, addistudents enrolled are Egyptian. tional teachers were secured, and dormitory beds were crowded closer The School of Oriental Studies, which has grown out of what has been together; but capacity in a number known as the Cairo Study Center, of departments was quickly reached, has been established as a part of the and notices were sent to the news- University. papers, asking students from a dis- Outlook for Egyptian Independence tance not to come until they had been notified that places would be available. A LITTLE more than a year has On the waiting list the names of sons passed- since the publication of of beys and city mayors were written the Milner Commission's Report, with the names of the sons of fellahin, which, it will be remembered, sug- for the students who crowded at the gested the possibility of self-government for Egypt, the appointment of a college doors represented every strata delegation which should negotiate a of social life, as well as every section treaty with Great Britain and the of Egypt.

formulating of a constitution which should be adopted by England. For New Coptic Sunday Schools A months, Egypt was in the throes of N Egyptian young man, Yusef Iskander Grace. a member of the excitement. On the one hand a lib- eral party, headed by Zaghloul Pasha, Orthodox Coptic Church, came some asserted its claim to represent Egypt eighteen months ago to the office of in any such negotiations, while on the Rev. Stephen van R. Trowbridge,

representative of the World's Sunday Sle••or ~eD1orial lIOD1e School Association in Egypt, seeking E IGHTY million people in Central to know how he might work for Christ Africa are still pagan. Eight within his church. Mr. Trowbridge gave him an Arabic copy of Marion hundred distinct tribes are almost en- Lawrance's "How to Conduct a Sunday School," and the young man re- tirely without the Gospel. Including solved to devote his life to introducing Bible study among the children the French Niger Provinces, the numof the Coptic Church. The priests have for centuries discouraged in- ber of waiting tribes probably exceeds dividual study of the Word of God, reserving the reading and interpre- 2,000. tation to the clergy. Thus the Bible has been neglected. But through this When the Slessor Memorial Home new effort of fifty young men, led by Mr. Grace, 2,800 scholars, chiefly was established in Arochuku in 1915, boys, have been gathered into classes, and have received New Testaments the chiefs and people of Okoyong or single gospels, besides weekly lesson helps. The movement has spread gave £20 to the institution, in memory from Cairo to Alexandria, Assiut and provincial cities. of the "Ma" who had done so much for them. This, however, did not satisfy them. They determined to have a memorial home of their own at Akpap, and last year courageously attacked the problem of erecting buildings that would accommodate thirty girls. Above the front door are the words: "Okoyong Memorial Home. " Underneath, in Efik: "Her children shall rise up and call her blessed. " Lite of Faith.

A Lost Opportunity ECAUSE Christians at home did Breaking with Idolatry B not respond to the appeals of the N missionaries at Elat, in the Kamerun, EWS has come recently of 300 young men joining the church for men and money to establish new at Ikere in the Yoruba country, West work in Younde among the Beti peo- Africa, on one day. These converts ple, the opportunity has been lost. then reported themselves to the Rev. George Schwab, who has recently chiefs, declaring that they would not been touring in that region, writes: have anything more to do with "The Roman Catholics have occupied idolatry. This brought on them the the site of the station formerly pos- wrath of the chiefs who had depended sessed by the Gossner Mission. The hitherto on these young men to keep people tired of waiting for us to do idol houses in repair and the groves something, so got a teacher from in order. Ikere is the largest town in Younde. Our procrastination in ac- Ekiti, with a population of nearly quiring the site selected by us at 50,000, but there is only one Christian Younde, after we had advertised our teacher, and he is a young man, and intentions for almost two years, may has two churches and more than 1,000 cost us that site, too." Christians to care for. A scout troop The greatest danger continues to was formed about six months ago, be from Islam. He says; "Weare consisting of boys from the mission realizing at last how great is this flood school.

of Islam, penetrating into every nook and corner of the heathen peoples of Prohibition in the Transvaal T Kamerun. With open and protected HE Prohibition movement in South Africa is gaining rapid routes under the government, there is nothing but the power of God to headway as the churches are taking keep them out of all the Congo basin, hold of the question. A representa- and then southward. What is going tive congress held in Johannesburg to be done about it?" under the leadership of the Dutch

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Reformed Church, voted for "total which films on West Africa were prohibition for the whole of the Union shown, and addresses given on the for all races, at the earliest moment." Call to Service. During the first four- .Another resolution called upon the teen days of the campaign approxi- Transvaal Department of Education mately 12,000 young men and young to provide for scientific instruction women and over 5,000 children were in the schools on the effects of alcohol reached in this way. In nearly every ()n the human system, su(}h teaching case the places of meeting were having been .recognized by the con- crowded, and an enthusiastic spirit ference as having been an important was aroused. Missionary books found factor in making possible the Pro- a ready sale.

hibition amendment in the United States. Chinese Missions in Liverpool A Y. M. C. A. Secretary for Africa L IVERPOOL has probably the larg- est Chinese population in Great M AX YERGAN, the first per- Britain, many of them coming as sea- manent secretary of the Young men and remaining to establish a busi- Men's Christian Association appoint- ness. Fourteen years ago a Christian oed for service in Africa, sailed from layman, whose place of business bor- New York for his post on November dered on the Chinese quarter, felt a 26, 1921. He was born in Raleigh, compelling desire to help these hea- N. C., and educated at Shaw Uni- then in a Christian land, and although versity in that city. At a summer he was neither physically strong nor conference during his student days well-to-do, he made the venture and he dedicated himself to Christian the results form a new chapter in the -service, wherever God might call him, Acts of the Apostles. This consebut with the hope that he might be crated worker, Mr. G. A. Kirkham, -sent to Africa. After his graduation began with an invitation to a Sunday- from the Y. M. C. A. College a;t school which grew so rapidly that in Springfield, Mass., he was placed in three years twenty students were bap- {Jharge of the Colored Men's Depart- tized. He taught English from a ment of the Y. M. C. A. of America, blackboard while his pupils taught .and in 1916 went to German East him Chinese, and thus became so pro- Africa and served with both white ficient in their language that he could and colored soldiers for many months. preach to them in it. Altogether he When the British National Council established fourteen missions for Chi- of the Y. M. C. A. asked the foreign nese in Liverpool. Mr. Kirkham died division of the American "Y" to send last year, but the work is continued by 'Out a secretary for her colonies in his assistant.

Africa, the Colored Men's Depart- ment pledged the financing of the For the Children of France R work, and Max Yergan was selected ECONSTRUCTION in France in- cludes the saving and training of for the post. the hundreds of thousands of inno- EUROPE cent children whose fathers died in C. M. S. "Young Life Campaign" the war. The number of dead, wounded and missing French soldiers T HE Church of England has been is said to be over 4,500,000. Who is seeking to arouse among its young people a deeper interest in missions to care for their children T The Amer- through a "Young Life Campaign" ican "Kindergarten Unit" of which which was one of the leading features Miss Fanniebelle Curtis of Brooklyn, {)f the autumn home propaganda of New York, is director, was established the Church Missionary Society. Meet- in the autumn of 1917 and has already ings were held all over London, at been able to give help to over 25,000

refugee Freneh children. There are have passed through this bureau win now about thirty-five eenters where constitute at least a portion of Italy's children are fed and clothed and are quota to be admitted to America.

trained in body and mind. In their Congregationalist.

" Jardin d 'Enfants" they learn, among other things, to play and to The "Y." in Serbia laugh, to weave and to sew and to T HE Y. M. C. A. movement in make baskets. Books are in great Serbia has made a valuable condemand for those who can read. Forty tribution to the life of the people, young women, most of them from through the work of Prof. George America, are engaged in this work Arandjelovitch who resigned his chair which is supported by voluntary con- of language and literature in the Uni- tributions. For further information, versity to develop Y. M. C. A. work. address Miss Helen Watts, Secretary, The task during the past year has 166 Montague Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. been to consolidate in strategic cen- ters, which are already becoming Danish Missions radiating points of inspiration and T HE report of the Danish Mission- service. The intense religious Slav ary Society for 1920 shows that temperament and the growing na- this society supports in India 15 or- tional spirit which sees the dreams of'

dained missionaries, 13 women mis- five centuries approaching realization, sionaries, 2 medical missionaries (1 have responded to the appeal of the- male and 1 female) and 240 native movement in a marked way, and the workers among whom 8 are ordained situation is bright with vast possibil- ministers. During the year there ities.

were 110 adult baptisms. In the schools there are 3,238 children, 2,597 The New Churc.h in Prussia A of whom are non-Christian. A new FTER Germany had been made fr republic, the states decided to sepstation has been opened in Cuddalore. In China there are 19 ordained pas- arate Church and State. In the Emtors, 2 unordained secretaries, 1 col- pire there were twenty-two state lege professor and 1 agricultural churches, for each constituent state' teacher, 18 women missionaries. The had its own established church. For statistics for this field are not com- the most part they were Roman Cathplete, but S01]'1e figures are given of olic but about one-third were Protest- the support raised by the natives. ant. In one or two of the Protestant According to these the natives in this states the church was Reformed, in China field have raised $8,920. The most of the others Lutheran. Ill' medical work seems to be flourishing. Prussia the State Evangelical Church Move to Solve Immigrant Problem combined the Lutheran and the Re- formed. On September 24 the Synod T HE Methodist Foreign Mission of the National Church of the old Board has established at Naples a province of Brandenburg assembled Bureau intended to prepare for emi- in Berlin to take up the question of gration those who look forward to the future of the Prussian National American citizenship. There they will Church. It is now free from the su- be. taught the language and spirit of premacy of the state and a board America and something of economic of three ministers holds the authority.

and social conditions, and at the same It was difficult for the Socialist gov- time they will have the advantage of ernment to find a sufficient number'

the physical equipment, which in- of evangelical ministers for the places, cludes gymnasium, baths, and instruc- so much out of sympathy are the'

tion in athletics. Church and the Socialists. The It is to be hoped that those who church authority henceforth rests in

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

the hands of the National Church such as church marriage, baptism of committee. children and the receiving of Holy Communion on their deathbed. A Religious Education in Bulgaria great number of Christian brother- hoods have of late sprung up in Petro- GREAT progren has been made in grad, founded on charity and brother- Bulgaria since American mission- ly love, everything being shared in ary work was established there sixty common. They hold prayer meetings years ago. A fin" educational system and religious philosophic debates. has been developed and the present state of literacy is high. Of the men Christian Work. drafted into the army, only five per cent were illiterate. Help for Starving Russia "Why should we have mission HE number of men, women and schools when the government system is so good ¥" asks Mrs. Herbert King, T children who are actually face to formerly of Samokov: "Because there is no religious, moral or even m face with starvation R".lssia is estiethical teaching. Parents realize that something more than book knowledge mated at 15,000,000. The area afis gained in the AmericaL schools, fected by famine conditions is twice and they are most glad to send to as large as the states of New England, them. A number of orthodox priests New York, New Jersey and Pennsyl. send to our schools. The orth0dox vania combined, and has about the church is an offshoot of the Greek same population as these states- Catholic Church, full of dead formal· 30,000,000. ism. Our services are well att('nded cyerywhere. " The first relief efforts have been di- rected to saving the 5,000,000 chil- The Russian Church and BVLllhevism dren, only 2,000,000 of whom are said to have been provided for by the A RUSSIAN writer in the Church vario.us agencies at work. Colonel Times describes a strong religious Haskell, who is in charge of the Amermovement with a peculiar character ican Relief Administration in Russia, of its own which has developed in cabled on December 17: "Conditions Moscow and Petrograd during the are growing worse by leaps and past year. Its leaders are mostly bounds. I am thoroughly convinced young parish priests and members of that half of the population of the the intelligentsia. The new type of Tartar Republic will starve before the priest is a strong adherent to the idea eL.d of winter. Unless the outside of an independent church, and holds world awakpl1s to conditions, I doubt himself aloof from political plots and if we shall save more than half the organizations. At the same time he is cLildren we are feeding today." a staunch democrat and in most cases is opposed to the Soviet government. The pr<;blem is so great the Soviet He frequently speaks against the Government cannot begin to cope with abuses of the existing regime, but the it, and even the grant by the Amer· Bolsheviks are obliged to tolerate such iCal) Congress of $20,000,00 for the speeches, for the struggle between the purchase of grain does not offset the Bolsheviks and the Church has ended need of private charity. in the victory of the latter. The Bolsheviks no longer dare attack religion. Rev. Jerome Davis, of Dartmouth College, who visited Russia last sum· The strong anti-religious current of mer, writes in The Congregationalist two years ago has almost disappeared, of the opportunities for spiritual and and an ever-increasing number of social help that are calling to Amer- Commullists observe religious rites, ican Christians. The church is more popular than before the revolution, he says, in spite of Bolshevik hostility, and its leaders would welcome new methods WIth whIch to llleet the new

aspirations and longings of the Recruiting for the Home Field masses. A NEW organization which plans NORTH AMERICA to work along the lines followed by the' Stud('nt Volunteer Movement Student Volunteers for Foreign Missions, has been formed as the result of action taken in 1920 D URING 1921 the Foreign Mission by the Home Mission Council and the Boards of North America ac- Council c,f Women for Home Missions, cepted and sent to the mission fields instructing the Committee on Recruit- 595 Student Volunteers-the largest ing for the Home Mission Force to number sent out in any year since the ,'take steps for organizing methods movement was inaugurated in 1886. and developing means for the pnlist- This is in spite of the financial diffi- ment of young men and women for culties under which the Boards and Christian service in the horne field." their supporters are laboring. These Miss Jessie Dodge White, Oberlin, new missionaries were appointed to 1916, has been chosen as secretary. over twenty different countries by 74 different Protestant missionary so- American Jewish Population cieties. O UR JEW1SH NEIGHBORS says Among the 8,742 volunteers who that one quarter of the Jewish have sailed for their mission fields population of the world is in the in the past thirty-five years are many United States. It now numbers 3,- present day leaders such as Bis~op 750,000, though in 1800 there were Roots of China, Dr. Zwemer of CaIro, only 3,000 Jews in America. Jewish Dr. Wanless of India. Dr. John M. people have made their home in every Springer of Central Africa and Dr. state and territory, and there are more Paul Harrison of Arabia. Also Jews in New York City, which claims among the leaders working for. mis- 1,750,000, than there are in Asia, sions in America who received their Africa, South America, Australia and stimulus from this movement are Dr. Great Britain combiued. Stephen J. Corey, Robert E. Speer, Dr. Joseph C. Robbins, Fennell P. Methodist World Program Turner, Dr. John R. Mott, Dr. Sherwood Eddy, Dr. T. B. Ray, Rev. T HE national conference of the Thomas S. Donahue, and Rev. Enoch Methodist Episcopal Church, reo F. Bell. cently held in Detroit, Mich., and attended by nearly 3,000 ministerial The movement was born in answer and lay delegates, devoted itself to prayer and in obedience to the almost entirely to the giving of in- Word of God. It is conducted in formation and to the statement and prayer and its fruitage is the product defense of various principles and of spiritual forces. Mission study, points of view with reference to the Bible study, prayer and the em- work at home and abroad rather than phasis on the privilege of giving of to a discussion of the immediate aplife and money are the methods by plication of any campaign or method which the leaders have been able to of education. It sought to show the bring about such noteworthy results. important position in which the de- Robert P. Wilder, who was one of the nomination had been placed as a result first traveling secretaries of the move- of the impetus given her missionary ment and. was later a missionary in and benevolence work by the Centen- India, is now the general secretary, ary Movement. with headquarters at 25 Madison Avenue, New York. The expenses are The Board of Foreign Missions, at met by voluntary offerings. its annual meeting in New York, adopted a budget carrying total ap- propriations of $5,409,912, of which

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

:$4,466,805 is authorized for mission- organized, a similar movement had ary work in foreign fields. The bal- brought together three Norwegian .ance of $943,107 comprises $600,000 Lutheran organizations into one body for board obligations and $343,107 -the Norwegian Lutheran Church of for administration. America.

Presbyterian Union Postponed These unions paved the way for the organization of what is known as the F OR years negotiations for unIon National Lutheran Council, consist- have been going on between the ing of the two united bodies already various Presbyterian and Reformed described, and certain independent churches of the United States. The synods, English, German, Swedish, last proposition laid before the Norwegian, Danish, Finnish,'and Ice- -churches was a "Constitution of the landic, fifteen in number. Reformed Presbyterian Churches in America." Christian Advocate.

At a meeting held in Richmond, One Denomination's Gifts Va., November 30, 1921, the repre- "Sentatives of the churches came to the T HE Seventh-Day Adventists make conclusion that one group would be it a regular practice not only to satisfied with nothing short of a com- tithe, but to give free-will offerings plete union of all churches into one as well. The results of such giving Church and that the other group, are shown in the following figures: while desiring closer relations, did not The funds increased from $8,577,- think it best for the several churches 050.86 in 1919 to $11,854,404.23 in to surrender their autonomy. As the 1920, a gain of $3,277,353.37 in one churches are already cooperating year. Of this amount, $7,195,463.04 heartily under the Articles of Agree- was given in tithes and $4,658,941.19 ment of the Council of Reformed in offerings for home and foreign mis- Churches, and as some of the com- sion work. The denominational memmittees felt that the proposed con- bership in 1920 was 185,450, and the stitution for federal union is in no per capita contribution $63.92 for all marked respect an advance on the religious purposes. Articles of Agreement, it was finally voted that the proposed Constitution Monument to a Mother's Prayers be referred to the separate committees for such action as they might deem A NEW $300,000 Cadle Tabernacle wise, and that meanwhile the churches in Indianapolis, Ind., with a continue to cooperate under the pres- -ent plan. seating capacity of 10,000 was erected Lutheran Union a Success hy E. Howard Cadle, as a memorial T HE largest union of denomina- of his mother's prayers for him. tions ever known in the United States took place less than three years Seven years ago Mr. Cadle was a ago, and has proved a wonderful success. Three of the older Lutheran penniless outcast, and by the grace bodies, the General Synod, the General Council and the United Synod, South, of God in answer to his mother's formed the United Lutheran Church in America, a body of almost 800,000 prayers, he provides in this way for members, with about 2,800 ministers and 3,775 churches. the proclamation of the Good News A year before this union of English- which saved him. Gospel services are speaking Lutheran bodies had been to be held in the building every Sun- day afternoon. Continent.

Colored Y. M. C. A. Conference T HE Colored Men's Department of the Young Meti's Christian Asso- ciations of North America held at Cincinnati, 0., in December a sig- nificant national conference, the first since 1909. Representatives were

present from twenty-eight states, both eling its church and enlarging its white and colored leaders took part, seating capacity. and cooperation and good will were the keywords of the gathering. In In Guatemala City, a $35,000 the twelve years since the last con- church has been completed and the ference the number of associations same mission board is spending about within the department has grown to $60,000 more on a school building for 174 and the membership to 33,000. girls and a hospital. Julius Rosenwald of Chicago has given over $300,000 and twelve mod- The significance of these various ern city association buildings for col- efforts is being recognized by the ored men are valued at nearly Vatican, which, according to a San $2,000,000. Salvador newspaper, is seeking closer relations with Central America, "for LATIN AMERICA the purpose of counteracting the ac- tive propaganda that Protestants are Opportunity in the Virgin Islands developing in these countries."

T HESE islands, latest acquisition Argentine S. S. Convention of the United States, have been successively held by English, Dutch, I N order to attend the first national Spanish, French and Danish. Colored Sunday-school convention in Arpeople outnumber the whites ten to gentina, some of the delegates travone, and there is a noticeable form eled 800 miles to Buenos Aires. The of caste among them. Morals among inspiring program, under the directhe working class are low. tion of Bishop J. F. Oldham and Rev. George P. Howard, of the World 'g There are only nineteen public S. S. Association, made them feel that schools on the three islands, St. the journey had been well worth while. Thomas, St. John and St. Croix. In Eighty voices composed the special the rural districts the children some- convention chorus, which was heartily times walk three or four miles to applauded. school. In some of these schools the children have no desks, and the sup- ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC ply of textbooks is meager. The spiritual need is even greater. The A Union SeDlinary for Manila family altar is scarcely known among church members, and religion is a SIX Protestant Mission Boards, inlifeless, formal affair. The cosmo- terested in the Union Theological politan character of the population Seminary in Manila, are the Methodist is 'largely responsible for conditions. Episcopal (North), the Congrega- On at least two of the islands there tional, Presbyterian (North), Baptist are Jews, Indian coolies, Africans, ,(North), Protestant Episcopal. and Scotch, Irish, Danes and the native Disciples. Representatives of these mixed race. boards met in New York on Decem- ber 7th to discuss the plans for the Progress in Central ADlerica seminary for which the Rev. Frank C. Laubach of the American Board, MISSIONARY work in Central has recently secured $35,000 for suit- America has made notable ad- able buildings. vances during the past few years. One mission board sent eight workers An American Committee on Cointo Costa Rica this year. Another operation in the Philippine Islands mission is building a $22,000 church is to be formed, composed of Mission in San Salvador, and has a $5,000 Board representatives, and a program property for school purposes. In is to be outlined for a Junior College Nicaragua, another mission is remod- in connection with the Union Sem- inary, to prepare students for their theological course.

MISSIONAll.Y

Xunter Corbett: Fifty-six Years a Mis- United Christian Missionary Society. sionary in China. By James R. E. As his society has the most important Craighead. Il!us. 224 pp. New York, work on the Tibetan borderland and The Revell Press. 1921. as its missionaries there have supplied many details not accessible for or- Many Americans have listened to dinary readers, the book has an unthe gaunt, tall, apostolic hero of Shan- usual background, especially since tung, as he has held large audiences that land of altitudes is so little with stories of China and of his own known. The environment is sketched work in winning his province for with unusual accuracy, and the hold Christ. When in his seventy-first that the self-denying missionary docyear he was made Moderator of the tor has over its hostile people is General Assembly of the Presbyterian rightly estimated. Polyandry as it Church in the United States of Amer- prevails in Tibet is for the first time ica, despite the fact that he had four introduced into a novel, so far as the stalwart competitors, he reached the reviewer knows; and the heroine's acme of his fame among the home manner of meeting it as a personal churches. problem is suggestive as to the way to oppose it. The bandit leader, But it was in China that Dr. Cor- Lozong, exhibits the reality of a bett was at his best. There for fifty- Buddhist's religion which has in it six years he did a work which very some points of nobility. His confew have equaled in that land. His version through Sylvia Lambert's biographer takes up comprehensively conceptions of Christian womanhood all phases of his diversified career, and the character of the true love of but somehow fails to depict the real one man for one woman, are well preman and to reveal his true greatness. sented; and the supplemental in- Whether this is because of the lim- struction in Christian teaching supited space given to details of his work, plied by Dr. Raymond fills out his or a mechanical view taken of a spirit- rudimentary catechumenship. Loual dynamo, one can hardly tell. Not- zong's true nobility in sundering his withstanding such defects, we have relationship with his brothers, and his here the varied chronicle of a preacher final act of dying in behalf of his and itinerant, a teacher and trainer Christian friends fill out the sketch of assistants, an author of important of the Buddhist-Christian hero. books, a promoter of missionary interest at home, of a tireless note-taker who thus furnished valuable data for the history of Missions in Shantung, Life and Letters of Toru Dutt. By and of a man who loved his large and Haribar Das. Bvo. 364 pp. Illususeful family whom he brought up trated. 15 sh. Humphrey Milford, "in the nurture and admonition of Oxford University Press. London, 1921- the Lord." Dr. Corbett was an un- One of the most remarkable Hindu usual man and a very unusual worker women of modern times was Toru who deserves to be known and hon- Dutt, the youngest daughter of Govin ored. Chunder Dutt, distinguished as a Out Where the World :Begins. By Abe Government servant and for his liter- Cory. 225 pp. $1.50. George H. Doran ary attainments. He was one of the foremost of his countrymen to pro- Company, New York. 1921.

This is the second missionary novel mote the great revolution in educa- written by Secretary Cory of the tion whereby the English language 155

became the medium of higher educa- standing among European scholars.

tion in India. He became a Christian, In the midst of her work she fell a with all his family, and they became victim to tubercular consumption and the mainstay of the Christian Church with Christian resignation obeyed the to which they belonged. In later call of her Saviour to enter into rest.

years Govin Chunder and his wife Mademoiselle Bader thus sums up were associated with the Oxford Mis- Toru's character: "Her letters re- sion. To further the education of vealed a frankness, seni>5.bility and their children, the parents braved the charming goodness and simplicity, " Black Waters," took their son and which endeared her to me, and two daughters to England where they showed me the native qualities of the came in touch with earnest Christians Hindu woman developed and trans- who greatly aided them in their formed by the Christian civilization studies. They went to France to of Europe." E. M. W.

escape the rigor of the English winter and there Toru, one of the daughters, The Foreign Relations of China. By acquired a wonderful knowledge of Mingghien Joshua Bau, M.A., Ph.D. French literature, especially of 8vo, 508 pp. $4.00. Fleming Revell poetry. From her childhood, she was Company. 1921. a brilliant student and inherited the poetic gift from her father. The character and influence of the student class in China ought to be more generally understood. In Amer- The biographer tells of the mar- ica, the political opinions and influvelous achievements of Toru and of ences of college and universIty stuher sister Aru. He gives details of dents are not considered an apprecithe long correspondence of Toru with able factor in national affairs. Stuher French and English teachers dents are simply so many voters who showing the wonderful grasp of her are cultivated by politicians like intellect and the marvelous amount other voters. Even after graduation it of literary work accomplished. In is extremely rare, and even then only 1871 the family went to Cambridge in the case of a man of the Roosevelt where Toru and her sister attended type, for a man in his twenties to be lectures for women. With the train- taken into serious account. In China, ing thus acquired Toru returned with however, just the opposite is true, the family to India and gave herself Between the huge mass of ignorant to literary work. In 1876. she per- and indiil'erent toilers below and the mitted the publication of some 200 corrupt and effeminate official class poems entitled, "A Sheaf Gleaned above, the student class stands as a in French Fields." A few copies of vocal and aggressive force. In Japan, the book fell into the hands of Eng- the spirit of the modern world first lish and French scholars who brought touched the men of the higher classes, the poems to the notice of the literary and it is gradually working down to public. The astonishing thing is that the masses beneath, millions of whom a girl of eighteen years should write are still comparatively untouched. In and translate such poetry in two for- China, however, the spirit of the eign languages, with such elegant modern world first touched the boys style as would seem to be native to and girls of the middle classes through both. Hers was a life lived on earth the schools and colleges maintained and yet ever bordering on the by the Protestant missionaries from heavenly, and her journals and letters the West. Eagerly they turned their disclose a character of singular faces from the dead past to the living sweetness and purity. At the age of present and the brightening future.

twenty she had mastered the Sans- With few exceptions, the older of- krit, and had entered upon a literary ficials are utterly hopeless. China's career which gave ·her a recognized future is in the hands of these young

THE MISSONARY LIBRARY

men. All four of the principal Chi- FREE AIl Char,es Prepaid nese Delegates to the Conference on Subject to EDllliaatioa the Limitations of Armaments in Washington are of this type. Easiest Reading The book now under consideration Bible is written by a Chinese student, only twenty-seven years old, who, after graduating from the Tsing Hua College in China, took post graduate courses in Yale, Columbia, and Johns Hopkins' Universities, winning the Carnegie Endowment International Law Fellowship. One would hardly expect a weighty discussion of a weighty theme by a twenty-seven year old American student, but this is just what this Chinese student has presented. He has given us a history and survey of the foreign relationS of China with a thoroughness, an intelligence, and a sanity of judgment that would do credit to an experienced statesman. Official documents are referred to, exact facts are given, the material is conveniently arranged, and the English style is admirable. There are five luminous chapters on a foreign policy for China. This book is valuable both for its inherent merit and for its significant illustration of the spirit and promise of the rising generation in China.

Playing Square with Tomorrow. By Fred Eastman. 12mo. 146 pp. Council of Women for Home Missions, New York. 1921.

Young America, at the cross roads between self interest and service, examines the situation at home, in the community and elsewhere to discover the present need and opportunity. The author states principles and marshals facts, together with numerous quotations from well known leaders. The book contains many striking incidents, and will appeal especially to young people who have already awakened to the need for devoting their talents to the service or others. The emphasis here is laid on the need of cities and towns in America for moral and religious improvement.

Please mention TBlC MrsS10NARY RlWntw OF TH"( WORI,.D in writing to advertisers. PERSONALS Montgomery Ward &Co. REV. TITUS LOWE. D.D., pastor of the First M. E. C4urch, Omaha, Neb., has been Chicago, U. S. A. elected to succeed Dr. S. Earl Taylor as a secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions WIll send you free upon request the of the Methodist Episcopal Church. complete 50th Anniversary catalogue of general merchandise. This book *•* will bring you the full advantage of all our Fifty Years experience in cre- MRS. F. S. BRONSON, secretary of the ating low prices on goods of standard Woman's Union Missionary Society, sailed serviceable quality. from New York in October to spend a year in visiting the st:tio..ns .of that society. Our Export Department is shipping regularly to all parts of the world DR. MICHAELIS, a prominent Christian OUR MISSIONARY BUREAU layman, is the new president of the German attends to the assembling, packing, and Student Federation, an organization made shipping of missionary baggage, and up of 120,000 students in thirty-six uni. supplies. Save money by taking advantage of our low foreign freight . "ersities and a part of the World's Student rates. Ask for our Missionary CirculorNI).50H. Christian Federation.

Our customers order from us abso- REV. DONALD FRASER, of British Central lutely without risk. Africa, has been nominated as Moderator· designate of the General Assembly of the United Free Church of Scotland for 1922.

*** MRs. THOMAS NICHOLSON succeeds Mrs. W. F. McDowell as president of the Worn· an's Foreign Missionary Soeiety of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Like her predecessor in that office, Mrs. Nicholson is the wife of a bishop.

We guarantee safe delivery of DR. CHAS. E. BURTON, formerly general our merchandise secretary of the Congregational National Council, is the new executive secretary of anywhere in the world the Congregational World Movement, suc- ceeding Rev. H. F. Swartz, D.D., who has Colored Slides accepted the presidency of the Pacinc for School of Religion in Berkeley, California.

Illustrated Lectures~ * Rental Service FRED B. SMITH, the well-known lay evan· gelist, has recently started on an eight· Stereoscopic Tours of month's tour of Europe and Asia in the all Countries interest of international peace and Chris· tian evangelization. He took with him '"i1'i1'"i1 letters from forty·six state governors ex· pressing their belief in disarmament and in prohibition as permanent American policies. Governor Edwards of New Jersey was the only one disapproving of prohibition.

*•"

DR. A. L. SHELTON returned to Tibet in the fall, accompanied by two new families. In the spring Dr. Shelton expects to visit Lhassa, in response to an invitation from . the Dalai Lama, and to carry medical and other supplles to last two years. REV. HERSCHEL K. COHN, of Asheville, Keystone View Company, N. C., less thau two years ago a student in a Jewish theological seminary,. has been appointed by the Department of Home Mis· Incorporated sion/I of the Southern Methodist Church to evangelistic work among the Jews in the MEADVILLE, PA. South.

** REV. D. STUART DODGE, D.D., died in New The Slide and Stereoscopic Department York City on December 17, in his eighty· of Underwood & Underwood. Inc.. has sixth year. He was a son of the late Wil· been purchased by Keystone. liam E. Dodge, and kept up the family tradition of active interest in many forms of Christian work, including the presidency of the National Temperance Society.

Please mention TUle MISSIONARY Run:w or THE WORl.D in writing to advertisers. Study Bible No~!

BetterThan College Course William Lyon Phelps, A. M., Ph. D., professor of English language and literature, Yale University, says: "I thoroughly belil!fle in Q unilJef'silyeducation JUI both men and women; but I belie1Je Q knowl- edge oj the Bible without Q college course is mUle flaluafjle than a college course without tke Bible.

"Euery one who has a thorough knowledge oj tke Bible may truly be called educated; and n9 tJt.heT learning UI culture. no matter how exlemire UI' elegant. conform a proper su~litute."

And former President Roosevelt said: "Toeveryman whofaces Bfe withrealdeeire toc1ohiapartineverything,lappealforaatud,. ofthe Bibl… Nobookofanykindeverwrittea …. aD affected the whole life of a peopl….

FUlmer P,uUmtR…..enlI TbeCorrespondence method of Bibleatudy is the best ~::!:':'~~ !r~r:,!~~g~t~:i~~ 1forethan 7.000 per90m of 40 different.occupatiom are DOW emoIIed in one or more Of the Moody Bible Institute's Correspondence Courses 8tud~ the inspired Revelation under the direction of eminent, Spirit.filled, Bible scholars.

~~~r!~::~~~~:=ti~~~t ~~l~~PI1~ ~:s f:::'~:d~:t;~~ characters. It meets man's deepest needs. It charts the oni>: path to real and lasting success.

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_tlrely new Iisht. The Old T_…ment inA~:::::::.d:: ~.~~ ":.i!!: Ie IntuueIy Intenotlns'" Cour.. from the Moody Bible'i:.titute haa been of far creator ..alue to me than "The benefits I ha… recel"ed from the all 01 my Bibl. and tbeolOClcalwork in Ss-nthetlc CoW'M an be,.oncI ..t1mate eoDe….. IlDd. .bo. . price."

~~t~:~~r~llt;=.:,~~ Enroll Now! K:::!,wI~~~ a~~;;t T- bbreoaae dCeOnW8;evSouorpevnisaionne.wdwevoedldopt o)"yoouur study under your own control. The Erice8 are understandtng. answer rour questions, ~W:~~h~~U=,a~ ~.r~a~r Wo~ help solve your perpleXIties, pve com- =~~ =~~h~~Y~ Ie~t;.'il.Praapectus fort and encouragement. ~ ____JII.Uth.c.upon ro4foo We Offer Eight THE MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE Courses by Mail Dept. 578Z, 153 Institute PIa"". Chicago. DL Synthetic Bible Study; Scofield Bible Send me your prospectus givingcomplete infor. CoUrse; Practical Christian Work; Bible Doctrine; BibleChapter8oJ!omary; In- mation regarding your eight COIII8e& in C0rre- ~~E~Cour8e; EvanseUsm; spondence Bible Study.

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always been promptly paid." C. M. D. American Bible Soc.iety Bible House, Astor Place NEW YORK. N. Y.

NEW BOOKS The Making of Men (India). By J. W. Coombes, London. Seeley, Service. lOs. In Christ Jesus. By Arthur T. Pierson. 6 d. net. 1920. 197 pp. Biola Book Room, Los Angeles, Cal. 1921. A Vanished Dynasty. Ashanti. By Sir Francis Fuller. With maps and illus' Dayspring in Uganda. By Arthur B. trations. London: Murray. 16s. net. Lloyd. 120 pp. 3s. Ch'lrch Mission· 1921. ary Society. London. 1921. Specimens 'Of Bantum Folklore from North- Two Arabian Knights. By M. E. Hume ern Rhodesia. Texts (collected with the Griffith. 166 pp. 28 6d. Chureh Mis· help of the Phonograph) and English sionary Society. Lonjon. 1921. translations. By J. Torrend, S. J. Lon· don: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Turkey a World Froblem Today. By Tal· Co., Ltd. New .Lork: E. P. Dutton & cott Wilhaills. 336 pp. Doubleday, Co: lOs. 6d. net. 11121. Page w Co., New York. 1921. The Quest of Nations. A Study in Na· First Fruits in ":o1'ea. By Charles Allen tional and International Ideals. By T. R. Clark. 338 pp. $1.75. Fleming H. W. Lunt. London: United Council for Ravell, New York. 1921. Missionary Education. 3s. 6d. net. 1921.

The Community. By Edward C. Lindeman. Self-Development. By H. Addington Bruce. 222 pp. $1.75. Assoeiation Press, New 327 pp. $1.50. Funk & Wagnalls, New , York. 1921. York, 1921.

Laws of Livingstonia. By W. P. Living· People 'Of Africa. By Edith A. How. stone. 379 pp. George H. Doran Com· 64 pp. The Macmillan Co., New York. pany, New York. 1922. 1921.

The Bible a Jlissionary JlessaGe. By Wil· The Crescent in Northwest China. By G. liam Owen Carver, LL.D. 192 pp. Findlay Andrew. 113 pp. 3s. 6d. China Fleming H. Revell, New York. 1921. Inland Mission, London. 192:1..

Old Trails and New Borders. By Edward Origin of Paul's Religion. By Prof. J. Gresham Machen. 329 pp. $3.00. The A. Steiner. 208 pp. Fleming H. Revell, Macmillan Co., New York. 1921.

New York. 1921. Dictionary of Religlon and Ethics. By The Religious CDnsciousness. A Psyeho· Shailer Matthews and G. B. Smith. 484 pp. $8.00. The Macmillan Co., New logical Study. By James Bissett Pratt, York. 1921. Ph.D., New York and London: Mae· milIan. 22s. net. 1921. The Religions of Jlankind. By Edmund Davison Soper, D.D., New York. The Abingdon Press. $3. 1921.

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The Missionary Review of the World — April 1920

VOL.UME XLII I NUMBER

APRIL 1920 A N.EW INDIA HERBERT ANDERSON RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS IN SOVIET RUSSIA JEROME DA"IS THE LIFE AND WORK OF A. B. SIMPSON W. M. TURNBULL CHRISTIAN OPPORTUNITY IN MOSLEM LANDS SAMUEL M. ZWEMER THE INDIAN COOLIE IN FIJI JAMES W. BURTON A CHINESE CHRISTIAN GENERAL JONATHAN GOFORTH 2.50 A YEAR 25 CENTS A COpy MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY COOPERSTOWN, NEW YORK 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW'YORK

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This Eastertide E NJOY the pungent fragrance of Vantine's Temple Incense while nature, aglow with the. blush of spring, welcomes with "perfumed breath of wakening life" this season of hope and gladness. There are few things so characteristic of the fascination :::nd mystery of the beauty-loving lands beyond the Pacifi.c, or. th~t s,~th?!oug~ly satisfy the a:sthetic taste and Imagmatto~a.s·..vantme's· Temple Incense. The dreamy, soothing fragrance of'Van'tine's Temple Incense brings to mind the rosy dawns, the brilliant sunlight, the purple dusks of the Orient-the enchantment!of strange Far Eastern countries, Sold in unique packages at 75C, $1.50 and $3 each, and in sets consisting of incense and artistic Oriental-shape incense burner at $1.50 per set.

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CONTENTS FOR APRIL, 1920 Page Signs of the Times and Editorials ……………………………. 241 ANew India …………………. , ……. , … ,By Herbert Anderson 253 Religious Conditions in Soviet Russia ……………. By Jerome Davis 263 The Founder of the Christian and Missionary Alliance By W. M. Turnbull 267 A Message from Russian Women,.,., … " .. , .. ,", ….. ".,.,., … 272 The Christian Opportunity in Moslem Lands. , . , . , . ,By S. M. Zwemer 273 The Indian Coolie in Fiji …………………….. By J, W. Burton 276 A Chinese Christian General. … , .. , … , . , . , … ,By Jonathan Goforth 282 Glowing Needles … , . , . , . , . . . . . , … , .. , . , . , . , . , … By Belle M. Brain 289 Best Methods for Christian Americanization. Edited by Mrs. E. C. Cronk 291 Woman's Foreign Mission Bulletin, . , … ,Edited by Mrs, W. H. Farmer 298 News from Many Lands…………………………………… 303 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

Robert It. Speer, President. Prank L.. Brown, Vice-President. Walter McD0(faJ1, Treasurer Delavan ~ Plenon, SecTetail' 2S~~Ii~~~;n 0 ee, Cooperstown, $2.50 y~ year E~itoTial and DU~~:BsYor~cCit;56 Fifth Avenue.

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Copyrighted, 1920 Suppose You Were Blind?

You would appreciate the Bible in a style you could read by touch. A newly-adopted system of printing for the blind, known as the Revised Braille Grade One and a Half, has been approved by two of the leading associations promoting the interests of the blind. .

The American Bible Society has ordered plates and will at once begin printing the Bible in this system.

This makes the thirteenth method of blind reading in which the American Bible Society has supplied the Scriptures at home and abroad.

The Society is supported entirely by voluntary contributions.

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THE AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY Bible House, Astor Place, New York, N. Y.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REvntw 01 THlt WORLD m writing to advertisers The Mysterious Man of the East Another Robert Clive has come to us-another Chinese Gordon-a nother Cortez. His story is strange-his spirit lofty-his power beyond belief.

Imagine a people as simple as children, fierce as ani- mals,loving all wild adventure, roaming vast plains in the mighty majesty of loneliness.

Imagine these people with an a ncien t tradition of culture and learning- of philosophy, science, poetry. Imagine millions of such people in world·old Arabia. To them comes a young lUan-a pink-cheeked young Englishman of twenty-six, an O,{[ord scholar, with the joyous spirit and love of liberty of his Irish a ncestry.

And S lddenly this pink cheeked young man has become the head of a U these Arabs-has led them to a glorious victory over the 'rurks-has dominated them like a God.

No wonder Lloyd George sai d of this man, "Colonel Thomas La wrence is one of the most remarkable and ro- m antic figures of modern times."

His st ory is told by LOWELL THOMAS in ASIA The American MAGAZINE on the Orient This is a tale of wild adventure-colorful as the to Americans who know that the Great Continent Arabian nights, poetic as the Ruhaiyat- but it is so rich in cultural treasures, is about to play ~ more. It is a revelation of a great spirit-a grea t dominant part in world politics and trade. heart-a gTeat mind-of tbat quality~of genius that achieves the unbelievable with ease. Onlv one ASIA, with its v iv id stories, exquisite photographs American knows the whole story. Covent Garden and paintings. and authoritative articles, is a broad was crowded to the doors to hear Lowell Thomas highway into an ench[!nted land of beauty. tell this story- while its hero is again-like all geniuses–<ioing the unexpected. If the love of the Glimpses of Asiatic Missions hero is still with you-if the color and phantasy of life allure you- read this story in ASIA. ASIA covers the missionary field with authorita- tive articles, profUsely illustrated, by Tvler Dennett ASIA is different from a ny other m agazine. It William H. Hall, H . V. Andrews a nd Earl Krcffy. is opening up an oriental mine of compelling interest CONTENTS OF THE APRIL ISSUE Special Introductory Offer / OF "ASIA" / Five Months for a Dollar A Five MontlllJ' Tour of 'he 6ri.ent. / The Soul uf the AraLia.n RevolutieD • by Lowell Tlwma s ASIA sells (or thirty -five cents a copy. / Chincec Political Development – .. .. by J ohn Dewey fl~~~':t::n~~h~ C~tU~~~ ~to"~~'a~~u s~aai~ / Miss. Rev.

Japan~e Toys and Their Association – by S tua rt Culin your subscription with tho April number. / 4·:0 Afghal1io;tan .. – .. – • .. .. – .. .. b1l A. C. Jewett Send the Coupon with Olle Dollar / ASIA Tales of RUI:I-Laud .. – – .. .. – .. .. .. .. Truerl This offer canilot. last long. Send / PUBLISHING Trade wi th Russia • .. .. .. .. – LlI Normtln Hapgood thl. coupon promptly as this edition COMPANY ISiDIJItAe·d·PUBUSH N / / 6~.~·Y::~Cil~··' I·SA The Pas8ing of the Turkish Harem .. by Barnette MiUcr / Sond mo tho next ftvo i"",,, of Bol~be"ism in Asia .. .. .. .. .. .. by Paul S. Reinuh I G/ / Kurd. to (b. R.wue – – – – • by Ed"""d M. Dodd ' num~e;~A ~;,~i~':e':tCI~g $}~;ot~: 'i!~~ ment, in ~c:cordance with rour sPttial Behind tb. Purdah • – – – – – by Ed", Gardener COMPANY / Szechuan .. .. .. .. .. .. .. bll H. K. RichartUGn u fT er. CAnadla n, ' 1·:01 5. F oreliD, J1.40. The United Slat", in Guam • by lWv C. 8mW. 627 Luin,lon An. / / Name________________ __ __________ _ A Vagahond Poel in p.lestine • by J …p/I Ko….

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Please mention THE MISSIONARY R£vltw OF 'tllE WORLD in writing to advertisers $7,318,303.00 This is the budget of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions for the year 1920-1921. as approved by the Executive Commission of the General Assembly-to be secured through the New Era Movement.

To carryon the normal work will require $3,933,938.95 (or about $1,000,000 more than a year ago) To expand the work, enlarge the mission- ary force, provide urgently needed property; open new stations and care for many other obligations will require $3,384,364.05 Total immediate obligations $7,318,303.00 Additional amount authorized to be secured through the Interchurch World Movement Campaigns $11,937,626.00 (To expand the work to a greater extent, equip institutions and enter unoccupied fie~ds.) The need 01 the world is appalling. The responsibility of the Presbyterian Church is great. The Church must face the facts and meet the need.

Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A.

156 Fifth Avenue, New York Plf'A~t": rnention THlt MISSIONARY Rl:V[]~W 01 'l'H:£ WORI.D in writing to advertisers EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS NEW BOOKS CHAT The Annual Meeting By His Eldest Son The annual meeting of the Missionary Review Publishing Company was held at The Reminiscences of Daniel 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, at three- Bliss thirty p. m. on February 1, 1920. Mr Robert E. Spee, presided at the opening The memories and reminiscences of the first president of the meeting. of the farnom; Syrian Protestant College at Beirut. Intereating and entertaining, it h the record of what a man of The Treasurer's report was very enhigh motive can effect in 3. tift"-tirne of devotion to the UP'" couraging, as it showed an increase of twenty per cent in income for 1919 over lift and betterment of humanity. that of the preceding year. In spite of Cloth. In press HUGH PAYNE GREELEY, M. D.

FLORETTA ELMORE GREELEY the necessarily large increase in expenses, Workal1d Play in the Gren- owing to the advance in costs· in every fell Mission direction, the financial condition is as favorable as it was a year ago. With Introduction by Dr. Wilfred T. Grenfell. The Secretary's report showed that new subscriptions received during the year New light on the work of the Grenfell Mil:lsion in Labra- were forty per cent of the number on our dor. Mrs. Greeley's letters a.re filled with vividly written books in January, 1919. The three special aecC)unts of life lived under the "Drimitive conditions existent issues, the Temperance Number (May) on Pilley's Island, whiJe her husband's diary tells of the the Medical Missions Number (October) difficulties overcome and the benefioent work accomplished among fisher folk in an isolated, out-of-the-WAY corner of the world.

Illustrated, net, $1.50 and the Home Missions Number (Novem- MARGARET McGlLVARY ber) called for special editions. The growth in the influence of the "Review" Darkness and Dawn in Syria is shown by the large number of commen- A deeply inter-eating account of what happened in Syria datory letters received from readers, and during the past five years. Authentic data vouched for by the extent to which it is quoted by peri- odicals all over the world. Through these reliable and credible witnesBes, and, in the main, within the quotations the message of the "Review" personal knowledge of the author. This book possesses reached at least 750,000 additional readers. historical. ~sionary and political significance of more than ordinary value.

Illuetmted, cloth. In press F. McKENZIE Author 0/ "The Tragedy The Moslem World Quarterly, published by this Company by special arrangement oj Korea" with Dr. S. M. Zwemer, and without Korea's Fight for Freedom "Do not l1'emaln uninformed about Korea. An amazing financial obligation or advantage to the human drama has been staged there in recent months. "Review," has also had an encouraging The story of Japan's intrigues, aggressions and brutalities year and is increasing its number of sub- scribers and its influence. in Korea has been fragmentary. It is now told thoroughly and in detail by a Journalist in a oonvlneing and a straight· forward volume."-Baltimore Sun.

Cloth, net, $2.00 The following were elected to the * ~OBERT E. SPEER says," "Exceedingly interest- Board of Directors for the ensuing 'Ing .. '" most reJreskinfJ, li'&ing and quic1cen- year: Prof. Harlan P. Beach, Frank L. inrJ letters. 1t Brown, Wm. 1. Chamberlain, Mrs. E. C. Cronk, Walter McDougall, Mrs. H. W. Letters of Donald Hankey Author 0/ .. A Student in Arms" Peabody, Delavan L. Pierson, Fleming H.

Introduction and Notes by Edward Miller, Revell, Dickinson W. Richards, Robert E. M.A. Speer, and Charles R. Watson.

As a further revelation of the personality of the In$Jl who The meeting was addressed by Rev. Alwrote "A Student in ArlDa," these personal letters possess fred Williams Anthony, D. D., Executive Secretary of the Home Missions Council, an interest diffieult to overestimate. They eover Hankey's who spoke on "Talking Points on Home college days. lLnd the fateful months he spent in France as one of the immortal "First Hundred Thousand."

Cloth, net, $2.50 Missions." and by Rev. Arthur J. Brown, FLEMING H. REVELL D. D., Secretary of the Presbyterian COMPANY, Board of Foreign Missions, who gave an address on "Some Outstanding Present 15S Fifth Ave., New York Day Problems in Foreign Lands." 17 N~ Wabash Ave.,Chicago Respectfully submitted, Dlll,AVAN L. PrllRsoN, Secretary.

Pl€;ase mention Tlut MISSIONAlty R~vntw OJ' TH. WORLD in writing to advertisers EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS Beautify Your Ground. CHAT BY ERECTING EXCEPTION TAKEN GERMAN MISSIONS AND THlI BRITISH DODSON BIRD HOUSES Dr. W. H. Griffith Thomas, one of the Th"Y are not only attractive In appe….ance. bu. are unsu rwphaiscshednofogrroguivnidnsg that touch o f beauty without ""e complete.

esteemed members of our Editorial Coun- Dodson Bird Houae. '. ii, writes as follows concerning the translation of the article in our February moUld be put ou t now 10 ILl to number entitled "A German Plea for become woathBrOd and ready German Missions": for the bird. whon they return and are looldng for a Dll8t1q "With every desire to be strictly fair to the Germans and to allow Christians alto. in the Allied countries to see the German standl'oint, there are some statements in Dodson Bird Hou. . win the the article which seem to me to need cor- blrdll booause they are bunt b7 rection, so that your readers may be able • bird lov…. who h… _pont a .to consider' both sides. It is not true to life time In ItudYinc thaIr say that the English attempted "to deal habit. and how to a_ a death blow to German missionary work them to bea.utlful "Bird in all parts of the world," or that it was Lodge," hII home 00 the Kantheir desire or determination to "eradicate .r':on.t:e:I:'. .!t: I kakee River. German Missions everywhere" in those b 1 g h-,1 8 ~!~ Dodson Bird Hou._ …. In.""l~~ ~A., oelontlflcally bunt, are cate- fullY ventilated without drat. Price, _ _ $6.00 and other detalll …./1 attended t. 0, b. KaDltoloe, ID, to, DOO"""""7 to attract til-. feathered beautlll8.

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parts of the world ruled by England. JOSEPH H. DODSON. President "The British Governmeot has felt led to of the American Audubon Aseoclation put limitations on German Missions both m. lWHft 781,6.,S.". ,H. nararpgO..D….A._ve., K.. a'n"ka_ k_ _. _ in India and Africa because there are ett_ ,…,,_ _. """' $8.00 abundant proofs that German missionaries were often Germans first and missionaries afterward. The work of Missions will go on unhindered so far as the British Gov- ernment is concerned, except in those Victor Portable Stereopticon cases where it has been found necessary for the above rea!'<m to remove German The choice 01 thousands nllssionaries and to place the work under 01 clergymen other societies. But this does not mean (For use with or without electtic current) 'extermination.'

"I say nothing about the entire absence from the article of any consciousness of wrong-doing in India and Africa as per- petrated by German missionaries, nor is there the slightest hint of German error in chaml'ioning the cause of Islam, that deadliest foe of Christian missions. Per- haps it was scarcely to be expected that This is an era of visualization these things should have been admitted by our German brethren, but at least the Visualize Allied workers among your readers should Religious and Edueational Studies be reminded of what has actually taken place." BY Victor Standard Featherweight Slide Subjects DllI,AY OF MARCH NUMBER Our Slide Library contains over The havoc wrought by the February 18,000 Subjects and progresses with blizzard was responsible for the non- the changing demand. delivery of the paper for printing the regular edition of the March RJlVIlw. Special Slides made from any Copy. This caused the Interchurch World Movement Number to be about ten days late in Catalogues and Trial Terms mailed reaching subscribers, and the Editor and upon request. his staff wish to express their appreciation for the forbearance of the magazine's THE MANUFACTURERS friends in this unfortunate situation. VICTOR ANIMATOGRAPH COMPANY (Incorporated) 216 Victor Bldg. DAVENPORT, IOWA Please mention THlC MISSIONARY R.J:VItW 011 Tn. WORJ..D in writing to advertisers

li:VIDF;NCF; OF ANTAGONISM TO THF; ORTHODOX CHURCH ~N

The Sacred F;lltrance to the Kremlin in Moscow, after it had been stormed and taken by the Bolshevild

MISSIONARY

MEW'

APRIL,1920 N1JJIIID FOUR A NATIONAL CHURCH FOR INDIA N OT ONLY is there much agitation for self-government in India and for church union among Christian denominations, but these two ideals are united in a growing desire for a national, self-governing Christian Church. This may be premature, for the Indian Christians are not yet self-supporting. They have not a sufficient number of mature leaders, 'and all Christian sects combined number only about one per cent of the population. The desire for such a national Church is, however, growing and is the sign of the increasing self-confidence of a vigorous youth.

This movement is not in any sense a revolt against. foreign missionary influence, but is, on the contrary, an acknowledgment of the benefits received from missionary work. The movers in tbis agitation express the desire to have Christianity, which originated in Asia, take on its oriental form and not be controlled by occidental ideals of government, worship and service. Mr; G. S. Doraiswamy, an Indian Christian, has expressed the view of many of his compatriots in a recent number of the Christia~ Patriot of Madras. He says: .

"Christianity in India wears a foreign garb. When Christianity went from the East to West it became a natural and nationltl religion of the West. .But when it was brought to the farther East, it continued in its Western form. Thoughtful Indians have often pondered over this question, and now and then we hear groans from patriotic Indians who ask why Christianity should not be made a religion suitable to the national spirit and heritage of India.

"The 'Church of India' should be a nationalized form of. Christianity which contains all the essentials of the religion and 241

adopts a uniform method of worship. It ought to preserve the heritage of India and encourage the high and low alike to come into its fold. At the same time it. ought not to alienate its adherents as a newly created caste or half-caste. If we are serious and earnest in evangelizing India we cannot afford to ignore the above fundamental ideas. To ignore theS'e any further will not be conducive to the healthy growth of the Indian Christian Church, both internally and externally II … ..

"W~ must secure the good-will and cooperation of Jour foreign missionaries, because we still need them for the evangelization of India. Their influence among the Christian mass is overwhelming. Further, it is impossible to attempt any alterations in our churches' without their assistance … … …

"Sollie of our later-day missionaries' have either partly forgotten their past traditions or imbibed the spirit of the ruling (British) classes. Want of toleration and unwillingness to part with power on the one side, and the new born spirit of independenc.e and nationalism on the other, often cause unpleasantness. If Indian Christians aspire to greater responsibilities, it is surely a glorious achievement of the missionary enterprise. But all missionaries are not prepared to make that sacrifice. With the ambition of creating a 'Church of India' they must wholeheartedly cooperate with Indian leaders • II …

"The first thing is to ascertain from the various missions what doctrines and beliefs they hold as essential for the salvation of man according to the Christian faith. Representatives from all ohurches should then meet and deoide on the essentials of Christianity, forms of worship, divine service and such other matters on national lines."

It seems probable that, in view of the spirit of nationalism developing in many lands, some such program may be adopted in rndia, China, Japan and other countries where Christianity is firmly established.

A WOMEN'S MISSION CONFERENCE AT SHANGHAI F ROM an educational standpoint, the recent Women's Confero . ence in Shanghai, China, (January 2 to 8) has been called the most important meeting ever held in Shanghai. It was com- posed of prominent American and Chinese women and was held un- der the auspices of the Federation of Women's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America. "The spirit of enlightened service which inspired the calling of the meeting remained its guiding force and made its findings unique in the history of women's missions to the Far East," writes Miss Elsie McCormick who describes the con- ference.

19201 SIGNS OF THE TIMES

The seven commissions, making up the Women's Deputation from the United States, were led by women of national distinction, while delegates from China included some of the most conspicuously succe&sful women on the mission field. The head of the Oollegiate Education Commission was President Ellen F. Pendleton of Welles- ley College; the leader of the Secondary Education Commission was Miss Charlotte Conant, principal of Walnut Hill School, Natick, Mass., and Dr. Gertrude M. Walker, formerly of the faculty of Phila- delphia Women's Medical College, was chairman of the Medical Commission. Other members of the Commission were Miss Amelia Josephine Burr, the poet; Miss Nellie Prescott, secretary of the Women's American Baptist Foreign Mission Society j Miss Ernestine Friedman, social service expert for the American National Y. W. C. A.; and Miss Helen Calder, secretary of the Congregational Woman's Board of Missions. Seven provinces of China and thirty-one Protestant Mission boards and societies were represented.

Among the leading features of the conference were the following, as reported by Miss McCormick: (1) Repeated requests for interdenominational secretaries with duties of national scope, such as a Christian Literature secretary, a home economics expert, an instructor in translation who could train Chinese girls for this work and a specialist in religious education to give intensive training to missionaries already on the field. .

(2) A tendency to link social service with evangelism and make every church member a worker for community welfare appeared in the reports of two commissions. This tendency to express faith by works should be given impetus throughout the Chinese Church.

(3)· More adequate support for the two union colleges for women from the boards at home in the matter of staff, buildings and other equipment. It decided it was inadvisable for Chinese girls to go abroad for undergraduatB work, as it is an exceptional student who can remain away from home for five or six years and adapt her- self readily to the conditions of Oriental life on her return.

(4) A union bilingual medical college for women to serve the needs of northern and central China.

(5) A secretary with medic~l training appointed by every women's foreign mission board, these secretaries combining to form a medical board to have general supervision of the staffing and equip- ping of medical schools and hospitals in the foreign field.

Feeling that women's missions deserve more recognition than has hitherto been given to them, the conference urged the appoint- ment of women secretaries to national committees and organizations, such a·s the China Continuation Committee and the China Christian Literature Council. .

TURKISH ATROCITIES AND CHRISTIAN FORBEARANCE O NE point at which the Allies have failed thus far is in the res- toration of peace and security in Asia Minor. In spite of the complete defeat of Turkey and the talk of disarming the Turks, there have come repeated reports of further atrocities on the Christian populace in Marash, Adana, Sivas, Aintab, Alexandretta and elsewhere. The French have replaced the British in Cilicia and the disapproval of the Turks and Arabs at this step seems to be one cause of the trouble. Some reports received at Washington mention the massacre of 20,000 Armenians in Cilicia and great danger threatened to one hundred and fifty thousand Armenians in that region.

The gravity of the situation in Cilicia, Syrian Turkey, was emphasized in reports made public by the State Department in Washington on February 29th: "The following information has been received from a reliable source. " 'The Turks cut the railroad beyond Adana. Fighting began near Marash on January 20, between French and Turkish troops. On the same day an American car proceeding to Aintab and having five Americans and a French officer as passengers, was fired upon by Turks. On the following day in Marash a battle began between Turks and French imd did not cease Defore the 10th instant, when the French withdrew, owing to the fact that they were greatly outnumbered by the Turks. " 'Prior to the beginning of the regular fighting between the French and the .Turks, the latter had commenced massacring Armenians at Marash and vicinity. Turks have destroyed the Armenian parts of the city, as well as the churches.

" 'At Marash Americans were running a Rescue Home for Armenian girls.

That house was sacked and the eighty-five girls were murdered. On the same day, February 7th, the mountain cottage of the missionaries, as well as the building of the Near East Farm, were burned. .

" 'Americans in the American college at Marash were fired upon, and when they offered to mediate between the Turks and the French, the former sent them a letter stating that this was not a local, but a national affair, and that the demand of the Commander-in-Chief of the Turkish National Army was that the French should surrender; "'The following Americans left Marash with refugees and arrived at Adana-safely on the 15th instant: Mr. Crathem and Misses Dougherty, Elfin, Powers and Shultz.''' .

In the meantime American Christians continue to feed and clothe the suffering Armenians, while America as a nation refuses to share in the responsibility for preventing further atrocities.

The Turks have not yet learned their lesson. The opinion of the civilizeq. world, the defeat of Turkish forces b:, allied armies, the conditions of the treaties of peace, have all failed to bring about a change of heart or an abandonment of their progra m to exterminate Christians in Moslem lands. The leniency of the Allies is construed as fear and wealmesls. Though the Turkish anny and navy are to be abolished, the Sultan is to be left in posf{(lssion of Constantinople

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

and the sacred places in Europe and Asia are to be left in the hands of the Turks. Even the former Christian Church of St. Sophia and possibly the other sacred places stolen from the Christians in Palestine and Asia Minor, are to be preserved to Moslems.

A dispatch, dated March 11, reports that Prince Feisal, son of the King of the Hejaz (Arabia) has been proclaimed King of Syria, including Palestine and Northern Mesopotamia. Such a Mohammedan government would have a great influence on the future of Christian missions in Syria and Palestine.

The only hope for abiding peace between Moslem and Christians is a change of heart on the pad of the former. When 4-rabs and Turks come to know God as he if:! revealed in Jesus Christ and follow the Son of God in place of the Prophet of Arabia, then and not until then, can harmony prevail in the Near East.

CONDITIONS IN MEXICO C HRISTIAN churches of the United States maintain mission- ary work in Mexico because the conditions need reform and . the people need regeneration. But there is danger in exaggerating the political disorders from which Mexic~ suffers. Dr. G. B. Winton, of the 44Committee on Cooperation in Latin America" spent most of last October in Mexico and found conditions far quieter and more nearly normal than the papers of the United States represent them. The country has a sound currency of gold and silver, and a year of abundant crops. Wages have generally risen and though the cost of living is higher, Mexico has profited by the era of high prices. The government has succeeded in suppressing rebellion except· in thinly settled regions. There is. still a good deal of banditry but most of it is robbery, from which the United States is far from free. Trains are run regularly on all the main lines of railway and on most of the branch lines. Occasionally one is wrecked by rebels or bandits.

As an offset to the general unrest there is a marked reaction against militarism and the drift of sentiment is' such that a resort to arms in connection with a contested election would be universally frowned upon. Even the government is finding it difficult to keep its ranks of soldiers fall. The country is weary of war. In the coming election next summer Carranza is not a candidate to succeed himself and he and Obregon are on excellent terms with each other.

Rumors and alleged data as to Mexican affairs are calculated to mislead and inflame American opinion. They are played up consistently by the papers, while real information and corrections are suppressed or minimized. Missionaries write from Mexico that the 44terrible situation" is largely imaginary, and that armed invasion will only make matters worse. War would unite aU Mexican factions against the United States and would cause

bandits and snipers to be lauded as patriots. The average Mexican is half Indian. The nation as a nation has the Indian's stoicism, his valor, and, on occasion, his ferocity.

What Mexico needs is training, education; but if the United State conquered Mexico she would be embittered against all such work. American churches could not go to Mexico in the wake of an army and successfully offer the Gospel of peace. American soldiers could impose a military government but this would be considered "foreign tyranny," and hated therefor. No government set up by the United States would be satisfactory to the Mexicans. They object to dictation.

Bitterness of language, criticisms, threats and hostility are alienating Mexico and all Latin America. Such an attitude on the part of the public press in America throws obstacles in the way of missionary and philanthropic endeavor. On the other hand, if we can make the Mexicans our friends we can do much to help them solve their problems. The Christians and the chnrch press in the United States should help to keep the peace.

, A PROGRAM FOR NEGRO BETTERMENT T HERE are many views of the causes and cures for the Negro problem in America. Most of the suggested solutions depend on industrial and intellectual betterment. These reforms are needed, bnt they are not all that is essential. The Home Missions Council program for 'Work for Negroes involves the following fea- tures: 1. Denominational papers are asked to present the subject of race adjustment at frequent intervals, and ministers are requested to preach upon the subject in order to guide their congregations toward a sympathetic and active spirit of cooperation with Negroes.

2. The pronouncement issued by the Federal Council of Churches includes the following principles (as already stated in the REVIEW) :.

(1) Equal protection of life and property. (2) Economic justice with equal opportunities for labor and equitable pay. (3) Sanctity of home and womanhood preserved. (4) Adequate facilities for recreation and wholesome amuse- ment and entertainment. (5) Equal traveling accommodations for equal pay. (6) Adequate educational facilities furnished by Government, both state and nation. (7) Same qualifications for franchise applicable to all races. (8) In industrial centers where the two races are each in con- siderable numbers, committees to be formed on inter-racial welfare, composed of representatives of both races.

3. Conferences of responsible persons will be held in selected

cities. The need of special home mission work is in northern industrial centers.

4. A local program will be shaped along the following lines. of need; (a) what new churches for Negroes are needed? (b) what new equipment is needed for the churches to enable them better to serve the Negro population? (c) what new forms of service are needed ¥ (d) what interdenominational agencies are needed'

5. The Home Missions Council will undertake to set in operation agencies which may meet the needs, laying responsibility upon local agencies and calling in the aid of outside organizations, if reqUired.

The Virginia program, proposed by the Negro Organization Society of Virginia and the Negro Teachers' Association, calls for a better spirit of cooperation among Negroes and for better teachers and schools for the race. They ask for educational campaigns to be waged through press and pulpit and mass meetings and for a larger opportunity for self respecting Negroes to live their own lives amid surroundings which will enable them to bring up their children decently.

There are signs of awakenings among the intelligent Negroes that promise a higher type of leaders among them. These leaders seek not social fellowship with the white race but the right to live and work as civilized people.

THE PASTORS' CONFERENCES F IFTY Pastors' Conferences were held in forty-eight states under the auspices of the Interchurch World MoveJ.llent between Feb- ruary 16th and March 19th. These were addressed by members of six teams that went from place to place holding three-day conEerences in each place. It is estimated that the total attendance of pastors was over forty thousand. Meetings for women were held simultaneously.

The Pennsylvania Conference, which was attended by 1,700 clergymen, adopted a set of findings which, in part, declared: "The crowning justification of the Interchurch WorId Movement is the opportunity that is given to each denomination to functi on for Christ on the broadest scale without the sacrifice of any of its authority."

Three hundred church women met at Nampa, Idaho, at the same time the pastors of Idaho were in conference at Boise. Fully 90 per cent of the ministers of the cooperating churches in that State at:' tended the Boise meeting. The ministers of Arizona met in Phoenix, February 24, and more than 50 per cent of the clergy attended the first day and the next day 75 per cent were present. The Connecticut Conference was held in Hartford, with nearly 300 ministers at the first session. The New Mexico Conference, at Albuquerque, was unique in that American Indians, Negro Americans and Americans of Spanish descent were largely represented. Eighty-five per cent of

the State's clergy attended. The Indians were dressed in their tribal costumes and told what Christianity had done for their people. At the Iowa Conference, which convened in Des Moines, 1,275 ministers registered. Reports from other pastors' conferences tell of growing interest and a general, though not universal desire to cooperate.

THE REVISED INTERCHURCH BUDGET CANADA has already had her united financial campaign under the Interchurch Forward Movement. The results have been most encouraging. The total sum asked for by Presbyterians, Methodists, Church of England, Baptists and Congregationalists was $12,000,000. The amount reported pledged up to date for the coming year is approximately $15,000,000 for Home and Foreign Missions, and for church, educational and philanthropic enterprises. The cam- paign for life enlistment has not yet been completed.

As to the financial campaign in the United States, at Atlantic City the total askings of the Interchurch WorId Movement reached a total of $326,107,837 in one year, or over $1,300,000,000 on a five year basis (omitting some items after the first year). This amount included the estimates of the needs of all the cooperating denominations for Home and Foreign Missions, Religious Education, Church Boards of Education, Hospitals, Homes and Ministerial Support. These estimates have now been revised and the askings reduced to the figures shown on the accompanying tables. . According to these figures the total amount of the budget to be paid in 1920 for thirty cooperating denominations is $175,448,349. This, however, includes $21,000,000 Methodist money already pledged. The total campaign budget for 1920, including some five year programs, is $336,777,572. The largest amounts are those asked by the Northern Baptist, the Methodist Episcopal, the. Presbyterian (north) and the United Presbyterian Churches. The askings for foreign missions are $107,661,488, or over three times the amount received in any previous year.

PLAN FOR METHODIST UNION T HE separation of Methodists North and South because of the .slavery question more than half a century ago 'seems an an- achronism in the present day of movements toward union. Recently a joint commission of the two churches met at Louisville, Ky., and unanimously adopted a plan for a merger, which is to be submitted at once to the general conferences of both communions for final decision. The plan as presented calls for seven regional conferences, six on territorial lines, the seventh to include the entire Negro constituencY'which numbers over 300,000. A Council of Fifteen will constitute the 'supreme authority of this united body, which is to have the single name Methodist. The whole membershilp of the' two churches is about 6,000,000.

@EDXTORllAL COMMlENl":® J,. '

J A ; ,. : . U'iriI" 'QUO iririI i!!; U"UU' ·LriHJ· . L1'Ch::'"

THE OIJD AND THE NEW M EN 'S t~oughts a~d plans are constantly changing. The wor.ld to-day IS very dIfferent from the world of St. Paul's time. Many customs of society are different. Polgamy and slavery are no longer countenanced by the State. Industrial conditions have changed with the growth of modern business and the introduction of modern machinery. The mingling of many nationalities in large centers and present day democratic ideas bring new problems. There are those who say that consequently methods of Christian work must be to day radically different from the methods employed by Christ and his Apostles, or even from those in use fifty years ago. They say that while personal evangelism and a preaching ministry was the main dependence then, social evangelism must be the chief method nbW. Whereas formerly we were content with saving individuals out of the wreck of society, now we must seek to save the social wreck itself. As a result, work must be done on a larger scale. The Church must attack evil wholesale, seeking to reform the social order, to right all industrial wrongs, to educate the ignorant, abolish poverty, stamp out the social evjl, direct national and international politics-in a word, must do all the work that the state should do and has failed to accomplish.

There is in this program a strong appeal to the sense of brotherly love. It is based on Christian idealism but is it based altogether on sound Christian reasoning ~ Is the unchristian world so different today from the non-Christian world of the first century1 The root of every evil is still sin, it is selfishness and a disregard of the laws of God. Impurity is almost as rampant as in Corinth; commercialism is as greedy of gain as in ancient Rome. There are more people who accept Christian standards but the same evil root exists in the world and bears fruit in evil deeds today as of old.

Is there then any different remedy that will be efficacious for the same old disease1 The individual heart must be reached and purified and enlightened by Jesus Christ before any permanent and true betterment can come in home or business, in the nation or the world. The real power to effect a true transformation must be divine and not human. The method of Jesus and of Paul cannot be surpassed.

At the same time there is an added responsibility resting on the Church today because of its greater strength and larger resources. Work should be cQnducted.on a larger scale, with more perfect equipment, and with reference to the experience of past history. Where one man went out alone a hundred years ago one hundred men should 249

go out together to evangelize and teach today. Where formerly missionaries were mostly confined to pioneer work, in evangelism to- day they should devote more of their energies to the training of a strong, intelligent, self-supporting native Christian Church. It is the purpose and should be in the program of organized Christianity to raise the standard of living in the home and in the community, but this can only be done by bringing the individual to God.

THE RELIGIOUS TEST FOR STUDENT ASSOCIATIONS W HATEVER affects the students of the country seriously af- fects the future Christian leadership. Most of the colleges founded in the early days of American history were established to train Christian ministers. Today, education has been largely secularized and religion, especially the Christian religion, is left out of the education of many who are being trained for leadership in the nation. It is therefore of extreme importance that the organizations that attempt to bring Christian influences to bear on the young men and young women of our institutions of learning shall not o:nly be thoroughly and strongly Christian in every respect, but that they shall link up as many as possible of the students to evangelical churches. To this end Church members should have the direction of the student Association work, and the students should leave their schools and colleges prepared to entere into active Christian work in the churches.

It is then an important question whether the national Young Women's Christian Association Oonvention, which is to be held in Cleveland, April 13 to 20, shall maintain t):le evangelical church membership test for membership in student Associations. This test requires that active, or voting members of all Young Women's Christian Associations shall be members of evangelical churches. At the national Convention in Richmond in-1913, a committee was formed to frame a basis for a personal declaration for membership in student Associations, to be used at the option of such Associations. This basis was submitted to the Convention at Los Angeles in 1915, and was accepted by a majority vote. It must, however, pass two Conventions by a two-thirds vote before adoption as a constitutional change.

The proposed student amendment entitles any woman of the institution to full membership in the Association, provided that she is in sympathy with the purpose of the Association and that she makes the declaration: "It is my purpose to live as a tme follower of the Lord Jesus Christ." The purpose is stated to be to lead students to faith in God through Jesus Christ; into membership and service in the Christian Church; to promote growth in Christian faith and character through Bible study; and to .influence students to devote themselves to making the Will of Chris,t effective in human society and to extending the Kingdom of God throughout the world.

EDITORIAL COMMENT

This is excellent if rightly interpreted. The danger lies in the fact that the local leaders will put different interpretation upon the conditions of membership, and may admit Roman Catholics, Unitarians, and Christian Scientists to full voting membership, thus changing the evangelical character of the Association.

The Young Men's and the Young Women's Christian Associations are enterprises of the Protestant Christian Church. They are based on faith in Jesus Christ as the Son of God and Saviour of man, and membership should carry with it not only sympathy with but full belief in the other distinctive evangelical Christian teachings. The purpose of the Association is to serve others who may not hold these same beliefs, and to lead them to Christ, but it is not necessary that they become voting members in order that they may enjoy all the benefits of the Association. It seems better to many deeply interested in the work that a clear line should be drawn between those who accept Jesus Christ as divine Lord and Saviour, and those who look upon Him as a human teacher and example; or who give a different interpretation to Bible teaching from that accepted by evangelical churches.

Membership based on an individual declaration of "purpose"- not a covenant-will practically mean the formation of a new Church, an organization with its own separate standard of faith and purpose. The Christian movement is not strengthened by letting down the standards of faith and life below those of the New Testament. According to this personal test members are not required to accept the deity of Jesus Christ, or to take Him as their personal Lord and Saviour.

Among the bodies that have registered a protest against such a change in the membership basis are the General Assemblies of the Northern and Southern Presbyterian Churches and of the United Presbyterian Church, the Board of Bishops and the Women's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Church, South, and the Women's Foreign Missionary. Society of the Methodist Church, North.

This is a time for raising the standard of loyalty to Christ and not for lowering it so as to admit to the management any who are nnconvinced and unconverted.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MISSIONS IN JAPAN A DEPUTATION from the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions went to Japan in 1918 'to study the situation and to see where the work may be improved. They have made some recommendations that will appeal to all interested in the welfare of Japan and the development of missions there. Among these recommendations are the following: (1) That Christians unite in special prayer and thanksgiving in commemoration of the sixtieth anniversary of the founding of

Protestant Missions in Japan. The Christian Church should set itself with renewed purpose and zeal to complete the task of evangelizing the Japanese.

(2) That the Japanese Church be developed more adequately and that especial attention be' given to those stations and districts where the people show the greatest readiness to receive the Gospel. This will mean also that the country fields be given precedence over large cities for general missionary work.

(3) That some moderate sized city be selected to develop as a demonstration center-a model for evangelistic work, Christian schools and social service institutions.

(4) That a Field Secretary be appointed to serve as a point of contact between Missions and the native Church to have oversight of unoccupied stations and to help promote general efficiency.

(5) That young college men be sent to Japan for short term .service to assist Japanese pastors in special work, and that other young men and young women be sent out as missionary leaders.

(6) That Japanese pastors and other Christian leaders be urged to come to America for advanced study.

'(7) That the problems of social reconstruction be given earnest study and that Japanese effort to solve these problems be encouraged and supported, and that certain missionaries be set aside to cooperate in such social service as may be admillistered by Japanese.

(8) That the leadership and responsibility of the Japanese Church be increasingly honored by the mission, and that ultimately the Mission should become an integral part of the native Church.

(9) That the principles of comity be recognized and the Japanese churches be urged to adopt a constructive comity program.

(10) That church unity in both spirit and effort be urged upon the Japanese Christian Church; and that union plans be fostered in evangelistic, educational and social work.

He that is not with me is against me; and he that gathereth not with me scattereth abroad. Matt. xii. 30.

This is an arresting thought. You know how it is with influence.

You utter a word; it goes forth and the sound dies out; but in some life that word's meaning has gone home, and become a permanent part of the world's history. It is taken down and recorded. It lasts. We can help or hinder God. We are always either for Him or against Him.

If we be against him, by so much as our personal influence counts, by so much are we making it harder for Him to realize His benevolent aims. On the other hand, if we love and obey Him, if we stand loyally for Him in the midst of an unbelieving generation, we do add some- thing to the total of those good forces which are at work in the world, and by so much we actually help him.-REv. HARRIS E. KIRK, D. D., Baltimore, M. D.

S7-ATISTICS OF ORGA.NIZED RELIGIOUS BODIES IN THE UNITED

NAil. Sunda!l Sunday School Churche8 Ministers Members Schools MemOOrs Adventists (5 bocllee) 2,772 1,526 123,143 3,177 113,629 Albanian Orthodox Church 2 3 410 as1,,040000 Amana SocleQ' 14 73 2,196 40 3,315 A.postolic Christian Church 52 Apostolic Faith Movement 24 26 611 16 769 RELIGIOUS STATISTICS FOR THE UNITED STATES iAmerlcan Rescue Workers 29 30 .1;; 499 T HE accompanying report, published by the Federal Council of Armenian Apostolic Church 34 17 27,450 7 682 Churches, does not give us reason to believe that America is to become immediately and -thoroughly Christian, but the total Assemblies of God a1,OOO 967 6,703 81 4,839 number of churches shows an increase of 6,400 in the past three years and a growth of nearly 4,000 ministers and 3,000,000 members. Some Assyrian Jacobite Apostolic Church 2 1 788 allowance may be made for a difference in the method of gathering statistics. lIahal Movement 57 '16,086 2,884 -' 4,305,170 Baptists (21 bodies) 61,992 7,598,280 The organizations vary in size from two or three organized 48,748 churches and 91 to 300 members to 67,000 churches and 7,800,000 Brethren (German Bapt. Dunkers) (5 bodlee) 122,932 1,204 119,706 members. 1,262 37,67 13,717 The grand totals show an aggregate of 44,788,036 persons asso- I3rethren (Plymouth) 470 5,389 261 12,813 eiated with Protestant, Jewish and Roman Catholic bodies. Of these the Roman Catholic Church claims 17,549,324 (including children). Brethren, River (3 bodies) 112 248 a660 71 6,180 About one in two in the United States is an avowed Protestant and one in six or seven a member of the Roman Catholic Church. The to- Bulgarian Orthodox Church 4 3 2,768 4 192 tal of 44,788,036 could be swollen by adding adherents of Protestant Catholic Apostolic Churches (2 bod…) churches. This would bring the number of persons identified with Chrlstadelphlans 13 13 2,922 79 3,101 organized religion in this country to something over 70,000,000 or about two-thirds of the entire population. As to the other one-third Christian and Missionary Alliance 145 9,625 11,077 who have no connections, it should not be forgotten that at least onehalf of them are children. Nevertheless there are enough people 166 114 161 wholly outside of the Christian Church and not followers of Jesus Christ to challenge the Church to greater efforts in evangelism. Chris. Cath. Churcl1 in Zion 105,310 963 76,055 j::hris. Ch., Amer. Chris. ConTentioa 1,204 1,0<17 Toose figures show that the loss in the number of Sunday-school Christian Congregation 3,000 15 1,650 pupils is 596,534, instead of over three million, as was reported. The 15 28 i~crease in the number of Sunday-schools is 5,013. Christian Uni<m 13,692 220 211 173 13,061 While no figures have been reported to show the increase for Church of Christ, Scientist missions and other general benevolences, it is known that on account j::hurch of Daniel's Band 1,589 2 of the sums raised by Methodists, Presbyterians an,!1 other bodies during the past year, these figures have far outstripped those of any Church of God 3 16 100 70 previous year. 429 490 12,012 232 7,796 57 Ph. of God and Saints of Christ (Col.) 94 101 3,311 1,783 Ch. of God. as Org. by Christ 23 18 227 Church of the Nazarene 999 844 35,041 990 50,397 4 Church of Universal Messianic Message 5 4 266 3 93 Church Transcendent 3 2 91 104 Churches of Christ (independenO 317,937 3,441 183,022 5,570 2,507 leh. of God. in N. A., Gen. Eldership 458 4,19 25,847 413 37,952 Ch. of the Living God (Col.) (2 bodiea) 184 450 14,050 88 1,925 14 Churches of the New Jerusalem (2 bodies) 116 134 7,252 358 Congregationalists 6,019 5,722 808,122 5,804 709,859 Disciples of Christ 8,912 6,031 1,193,423 8,643 961,723 Evangelical Association Evangelical Prot, Ch. of N. A. 1,729 1,327 159,310 1,700 222,793 Evangelical Synod of N. A. 37 34 17,962 38 8,792 gree Chris. Zion Ch. of Christ (Col.) 1,385 ·1,131 352,644 1,301 141;015 – rlends (4 bodies) 35 29 6,225 35 3,699 861 699 107,422 754 56,615 reek Orthodox Church 115 115 119,871 11 1,115 lfephzibah Faith Miss. Assoc. 12 38 352 12 583 lfoliness Church 33 28 926 21 791 1 Holiness Methodist Church 7 8 460 390 International Holiness Church 152 325 640 11,000 8,975 Jewish 784 108.534 ~tter Day Saints (2 bodies) 2,960 a260,OOO ithuanian National Catholic Ch. utherans (20 bodies) 1,740 9,790 494,388 1,892 227,796 ennonltes (16 bodies) 1 ethodlsts (17 bodies) 7 3 7,343 142 15,638 9,731 2,451,997 10,255 954,115 1,488 887 46,364 82,722 697 42,236 67,493 7,867,863 69,078 7,287,381 etropolitan Church. Association 7 122 704 3 458 Missionary Church ASSOCiation 25 59 1,554 29 3,343 Moravians (3 bodies) 18,006 194 209 30,675 147 Non-Sectarian Churches of Bible Faith 58 26 2,273 12 571 6 Old Catholic Churches (2 bodies) 19 19 34,025 840 Peniel Missions 10 33 257 4 81 Pentecost Bands of the World 8 250 7 350 Pentecostal Holiness Church 192 282 5,353 143 8,143 Pillar of Fire 23 133 722 24 a775 Polish National Catholic Ch. 34 45 28,245 27 2,967 Presbyterians (10 bodies) 16,066 14,523 2,243,678 14,627 1,847,945 Protestant Episcopal ChUrch 8,103 5,677 1,065,825 5,790 435,761 Reformed Episcopal Church 60 7,750 65 65 11,806 Reformed (4 bodies) 535,040 2,758 484,548 2,779 2,236 Roman Catholic Church 10,460 20,588 17,549,324 12,800 1,932,206 2 Roumanian Orthodox Church 2 2 1,994 123 Russian Orthodox Church 169 164 99,681 126 6,889 !alVatiOn Army 957 2,918 28,586 720 46,823 candinavian Free Churches (3 bodies) chwenkfelders 458 496 37,816 453 47,347 4 6 1,150 6 1,961 ilervlan Orthodox Church 30 26 3,000 9 664 8 Social Brethren 19 10 950 478 Society for Ethical Culture 5 5 2,850 4 481 Spiritualists (2 bodies) 611 520 32,081 82 3,694 Syrian Holy Orthodox Church 35 37 50,000 – 8 546 2 Temple Soc. (Frieads of the Tern.) 2 2 260 158 theosophical Societies (4 bodies) 222 505 8,071 346 230,160 nltarlanS' 477 82,515 3,579 478,119 Jnlted Brethren (2 bodies) 3.907 2,810 367,087 121,391 Tnlted Evangelical Church 949 535 88,847 955 Jnlted SOCiety of Believers (Shakers) 6 107 12 367 trniversalist Churches 467 58,442 650 561 58,566 Vedanta Society 3 3 350 V::":o:::l':u::'n;:Tt~eotie:ar:;s:l8:-=o-:af':;,;AT1=rm::.e:er7i,cu:a:-go::u:-::II—.:-/)oct-:-;-;ie.,-II——-·2;;;3~3:<,8,;,3-;-4–9-:7;1c;;9-;5,-;;33-:0;-715;;-'4'4,-;;71~880~,,O2~3;0;-4;6;–;-19;;;97~,2762 1,611 21,291,658 TOfala-1916 227,4:"17 191,796 41,926,854 194,759 21,888,521 Il-Estlmated

GENERAL BUDGET FOR THE FINANCIAL CAMPAIGN

Campaign American American American Special items Budget Budget Religious Ministerial 1920 Foreign Home American Hospitals Support War Relief, to be paid Missions Missions Education Education and Homes6 Denomination Temp., etc. in 1920 ADVENT $35,000 $35,000 $35,000 Advent Christian Chun;h …………… . 46,210,304' 3,850,0001. BAPTIST 130,533,0001 $34,041,071 1 57,500 $33,940,0001 $2,721,125' $1,000,000' $8,550,500' $4,060,000' 26,106,6.00 2,600,000' 685,000' 15,000 350,0001 565,0001 2,050;{)00 Northern Baptist Convention ………… . 10,250,0001 2,200,000' 532,800 170,000 10,000 20,000 272;500 45,000 …… ….. National Baptist Convention ………… . 15,000 2,000,000 40,000 40,000 ,I', "">, 211,468 75,000 20,000 General Baptist. ., ………………… . 272,500 , 3,219,598 5,920,000 200,000 BRETHREN 3,219,598 606,798 200,000 45,000 2,064,965 Church of the Brethren. . . ………….. . 432,760 Brethren Church ………………….. . 305,983 CHRISTIAN 727,693 99,725 588,043 406,500 10,000 Christian Church ………………….. . 727,693 CONGREGATIONAL 16,508,470 6,553,470 2,246,400 18,600 1,720,000 50,000 Congregational Churches ……… , …… . 16,508,470 DISCIPLES 12,501,138 2,488,352 6,000,000 197,331 1,499,050 226,000 25,440 12,501,138 • Disciples of Christ …………………. .

EVANGELICAL ' 1,394,260 108,000 538,500 315,000 1,394,260 305,983 305,983 Evangelical Association …………….. .

United Evangelical Church ………….. .

FRIENDS 4,532,081 1 344,038 3,250,000' 27,500 25,000 297,500 1,932,081 Society of Friends in America ………… . 40,000 40,000 '40,000 . .Society of Friends of California ……….. .

HOLINESS 50,000 50,000 50,000 Holiness Church …………………… . 1,846,521 LUTHERAN 276,021 153,000 100,000 17,500 300,000 1,000,000 1,846,521 Evangelical Synod of N. A…………… . 82,000 82,000 11,782,8729 MENNONITE 34,485,737 10 473,300 82,000 1,745,866 16,500,000' General Conference of Mennonites …….. . 6,234,9861 467,035 2,247,1801 212,000 50,000 METHODIST 250,000 2,141,2301 2,050,000 100,000 427,865 2,125,000 1,500,000 34,485,737 17,263 52,000 17,263 • 406,644 25,912 172,975 200,000 10,000 1,745,8.66 Methodist Episcopal Church (North) ….. . 1,406,250' 50,000' 390,326' 1,246,997 44,970,000 18,530,929 14,584,251 40,000 212,000 Methodist Protestant Church ………… . 7,865,445 2,928,754 2,730,091 60,0003 250,OQO 392,264 250,000 17,263 Free Methodist Church of N. A…… , … . 529,472 198,4505 43,814 175,QOO African Method't Episcopal Zion Church .. . 31,977,4571 12,537,540' 8,705,305'

Colored Methodist Episcopal Church ….. . 2,136,091 800,000 1,101,441 16,916,085 1 5,519,3051 5,796,7801 Refonned Zion Union Apostolic Church .. " 6,546,6624 911,7701 1,999,917' PRESBYTERIAN .. 6,661,425 1,606,600 Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A……. . 1,114,569 2,055,839 2,022,987 44,970,000 150,000 100,000 500,000 7,865,445 Presbyterian Church in the U. S. (South) .. . 354,472 392,264 8,264,9601 103,9431 1,352,634' 529,472 Associate Refonned Presbyterian Synod … . 6,395,491 Ref. Presby'n Church of N. A., Synod …. . 1,013,0751 United Presbyterian Church …………. .

REFORMED 220,2503 14,400 3,850,0001 550,0001 Reformed Church in America ………… . … i:ioo,ooo" .i :'~:<~:::::: 2,136,091 3,383,217 Refonned Church in the U. S…. _……. .

UNITED BRETHREN 2,768,9304 126,0454 100,000 400,000' $78,837,431 $5,931,925 Church of the United Brethren in Christ … 240,000' 4,548,662 1'-·–……,.- Total. ….. , ………. , ……. '" $336,777,572 $107,661,488 $109,949,037 $5,116,4656 $20,510,299 $8,770,927, $175,448,349 '.' 1) ii"

1 Five-year budget to be subscribed in 1920. (a) $10,500,00~the Cente~ary.atllOunt of ~he Board of Foreign :r.{j~sions, which has 2 Two-year budget to be subscribed in 1920. 3 One-fifth of five-year budget. already been subscribed. . . 4 Budget to be subscribed in 1920;.part to be paid in 1920; part in two years. 5 Budget not yet approved by National Board. (b) 6,OOO,00~the buqget of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society. 6 Budgets Jlpproved by National Boards only are included in this column. 7 $500,000 of this amount subject to continnation by the National Baptist Campaigri 9 The Methodist Episcopal Home Missions Budget is· compose<l. of: '" (a) $10,500,OO~the.Centenary amount of the Board of Home Missions and Church Conunission. 8 The Methodist Episcopal Foreign Missions Budget is composed of: Extension, which has already been subscribed.

(b) 607,872-the'budget of the Woman's Home Missionary Society.

(c) 675,00~the budget of the Freedman's Aid Society.

10 This total mc1udes $21,000,000 which was subscribed in the Centenary- Campaign.

OF THE NEW INDIA-SOME NATIVE CHRISTIAN

A New India BY REV. HERBERT ANDERSON, CALCUTTA, INDIA Secretary in India of the Baptist Missionary Society T HE MODERN missionary enterprise beholds a new India in . 1920. She has passed out .of the Category of an oriental sub- ject race into that of a country with ideals of independent nationalism-a people who have taken the first steps towards the progressive realization of responsible self-government, but still as an integral part of the British Empire. The Government of India ·Bill which passed the House of Commons fills every we11wisher of the Indian people with pleasure and hope. It is wise politically to place confidence where responsibility can be placed, and Christian missions sympathize with the new political charter because they believe confidence can be. reposed in the character and qualifications of the leaders of India today.

. New India is due to many forces, seen and unseen, that for a century and a half have played upon her mysterious life. The foreign missionary enterprise has been one of those forces, and it may not be without interest to consider briefly the results, difficulties and ideals of that enterprise as we face the future. I shall first refer to five direct results, and then to four indirect results.

1. Indian Christianity. The western Christian world does not know as much as it should about Indian Christianity. It hears more of criticism than of praise, and much is said against the 253

Indian Christian's power and influence; but to the man who knows, Indian Christianity was never greater than it is today in its devotion, its love to Christ, its grasp of truth, and its desire to spread His Cause. Indian Christianity is divided into three sections. There is the Syrian section, connected with the Eastern Church, which numbers 750,000. There is the Roman Catholic section that is the result of four hundred years of Roman Catholic effort, numbering in converts 1,550,000, and there is the section associated with Protestant Missions, numbering 1,700,000, the' fruit of a little over one hundred years of missionary endeavor. These make a total Indian Christian population of 4,000,000 in the midst of 315,000,000 people according to the census of 1911. But at the rate at which converts have increased during the past forty years, India should be nominally Chl-istian in a hundred and fifty years more.

2. The Regnant Position of Christ. In the moral sphere in India, outside the circle of the Indian Christian Church, outside the circle of missionary influence, Christ has already obtained a widening influence far in advance of what might be expected from the relative size of the Christian population. He is exercising today a wonderful power over the lives and thoughts of individuals, and, in certain places, of communities which are not Christian. They have seen the moral grandeur of His character, have begun to realize the glorious meaning of His Cross and His ethics, and have already accepted Him as one of the greatest leaders and teachers of truth that the human race has ever seen. A leading non-Christian solicitor in Calcutta, a man of great influence, gives evidence for his compatriots when he writes: "Christ is the God-appointed Ruler of the human conscience; that is my belief." He speaks for thousands who profess allegiance to Jesus Christ, though they will not at present have anything to do with organized Christianity, and refuse to take the name of Christian. Christ is nevertheless regnant in their thought-life, and helps to form the influences that dominate their daily cha'racter and duties. That is one of the direct results of the modern missionary enterprise.

3. Christian Theological Thmlght. Changes are taking place that are affecting the thought-life of the East regarding its theological convictions. Taking India as a whole, Hinduism is still the ruling religion-a religion of pantheism, believing God is impersonal, unthinking spirit. Into that pantheistic conception, as one result of the modern missionary enterprise, has come a belief much more in the monotheistic God who is a Father in His attitude towards the human race. I was present at a large Congress of Religions held in Calcutta where fifty-seven different religious bodies of India were represented. It was a parliament of religions but there was no prayer on the first day. That struck some of the non-Christian leaders as a lack and they came to me and said;

A NEW INDIA

,,We have made a great omission. We want to begin our discussions tomorrow in the atmosphere of prayer, and want you to lead us." I had the privilege of leading that great audience in Christian prayer. Prayer signifies a personal deity. When it came to the question of their discussion-how they thought of Godit was marvellous! Among the Hindus, among the Mohammedans, the Brahmans, Sikhs, Jains, the Aryas and other Samajists there was expressed a conception of God which made Him not impersonal, but alive and in touch with human life, with all its pain, sin and sorrow. That, too, is one of the direct results of the modern missionary enterprise in India.

Courtesy of the Woman's Missionary Magazine • A MISSIONARY IN HIS TRAVELING WORKSHOP Rev. David Gord on in his touring automobile in India Take the subject of sin, which to the East is largely ignorance, purely a question of intellect. That view is also changing to indude a moral aspect which links sin to the conscience, and makes man and woman answerable to God for what is done, thought or said. There is a clearer view of Christ's teaching in regard to what sin is, both in its origin, its influence and its results. This conception comes as a vision to men who, in the past, have not had such a conception of it as would lead them straight away to ~he feet of the Saviour Who can save them from sin. One might speak of other theological changes which really come down to the very essence of human life, and show that Christian influence is at work in India, and is bringing men and women outside the

Christian fold to the position to which Christ Himself sought to bring them.

Then, on the subject of prayer, changes are taking place both in India's view and her religious practice of prayer. Of course, there has been prayer all down the ages. Life cannot be lived without prayer-that human cry to the great spirit world. But to the Indian, prayer has been, to the extent it has been used, one of the means of his self-salvation, one of the methods by which he may secure for himself, and himself alone, freedom from the shackles of existence, and unity with the great spirit of the infinite. Now that is all changed, and they are coming to have a happier con- (eption of the possibilities of communication with God the Father of our souls. We constantly see how, in many concerns of life, the non-Christian Hindu desires to pray, individually and congregationally. Prayer also emphasizes the idea of fe1l6wship, of devotion and worshrp, as well as the idea of supplication. Does this not give to prayer in the Orient today more of Christ's te.aching of what prayer ought to be'

4. Christian Educational Influence. The hunger for education creates one of the greatest opportunities for dealing effectively with the world's religious and social problems. Christian educational influence in India today is a far larger thing than mailY:. realize. Take this paragraph from an educational authority: "The last Quinquennial Review of Educatio~ in India shows that 42 Arts Colleges with 11,579 pupils or about one quarter of the whole: are under missionary management. Christian missions are carrying on 843 secondary schools with 160,953 pupils. Over 9,000 primary schools (more than 350,000 pupils,) and 75 training institutions are maintained by the missionary societies represented ·in the missionary conferences in Great Britain and North America. Of the above total rather over one hundred thousand pupils are being educated by Roman Catholic missions."

The significance of this paragraph is the tremendous oppor- • tunity it reveals of dealing with the child-life of the Indian nation to be, and to deal not only with primary education but also with secondary education, whether in the Christian community or in the non-Christian.

Christian influence is still more wonderful in women's education. In the Madras Presidency, two of three women's Colleges are managed by missionaries, and one by the Government; and of the thirty-nine girls' high schools, thirty-three are under mis'sionary control, and six under Government. Education is the hand of Christ blessing the children of the Orient, and He calls for American men and women of capability, influence and· personality to come out and help in that marvellous opportunity for bringing the thought of young India, the mind of young India, and the soul of young India into touch with His mystic influence.

A NEW INDIA

5. The Influence of the Bible. The Bible is being read, being thought about, being quoted in the press of India. You can scarcely take up a non-Christian newspaper published by an Indian editor, without finding some quotation from the Bible. It is part of their, English education, and shows that the thoughts leading the press of India are to some extent influenced by the teaching of the Bible. Each Province has its own Bible Society Auxiliary and the secretaries report that, during the last ten years, the sale of Bibles, Testaments and portions has gone up by tens of thousands, and in some cases by hundreds of thousand. There is a larger circuh;ttion of the Bible in some form or other today than ever before.

There is a meeting, held every year, in every Province of India, at which the Bible Society offe'rs to students who have passed their matriculation examination, or who have graduated a gift of a Bible or portion of the Bible as a memento of their success. I have attended a number of these meetings. At one recently held in Dacca there were at least three hundred students who' came forward to receive from the Oommissioner's wife a copy of the New Testament, or of the Bible, as· a gift for having taken their .degree. There is a growing desire among the students of India to know the contents of tha,tBook which to us is God's Word. This is one of the bright results of the modern missionary enterprise.

INDIRECT RESULTS In touching upon the four indirect results, I want to try to get a. little deeper; They cannot be attributed entirely to the modern missionary enterprise. God has marvellous ways of making His truth known, and bringing that truth to the hearts and lives of men and women. Some results may be partially traced to the Ohristian spirit in British political administration, or in commerce, or in the Western Press-the contact of the East with Western civilization at its best. They come from various sources, but I do not think I am wrong in also claiming that mis,sionaries of tbe Cross, through their work, through their lives, through their influence, have no small part in bringing about the results to which I refer.

1. Reverence for Personality. At the back of all the political changes of the day is the claim of India's leaders to give to individual Indians some control in the administration of their country; some millions of voters, they say, desire the opportunity to choose for themselves who shall be their rulers in the political sphere. That brings us to the franchise and the individual vote. In certain ports of India 'Women also are clamoring to have the vote. Bring this political fact down to its inner significancethere has been a vision of personality; the value of the individual is

recognized, and a reverence for personality now shows itself in the cry for political independence.

Take industrial life. There is a great deal going on in India's industrial centers that is wrong. The living wage has not yet been found. In many cases women are working in factories twelve and fourteen hours a day, and the children too are oppressed by their masters, not European alone. There is a cry out now against the conditions that make for a weak human environment. What does it mean? Men and women have had a vision of the respect and reverence due to the individual-again, reverence for personality.

What does it mean in regard to education? The leaders of India in five different provinces are calling out for compulsory elementary education. There are tremendous difficulties-finance, teachers, equipment, houses; but they are demanding that instead of the five or six out of a hundred, taking it broadly, who. are having it today, every child shall have the opportunity of getting knowledge; and through knowledge, power, influence, and happiness so far as domestic and civic life in India is concerned.

It may be the single child, it may be the worker, it may be the political voter-there is towards one and all a new reverence for personality. Where is the mountain source of this undeniable fact 1 It is found in Him Who said: "What shall it profit a man if he gain the whole world and lose his own soul." Ohrist's value of the soul becomes India's also.

2. Hunger for Comradeship. Hunger for comradeship is all over the world; it is here in the West, and it is in India. If only men and women would realize that God has made all men to live in an atmosphere of love towards one' another; whether they are brought together by commerce or by politics, or in international relations, to live, love and work as comrades. Weare getting that spirit in India today. I am a member of an Institution called the Devalaya. Many years ago its founder, Maharshi Sastipada Banerji, now eighty-two years of age, conceived the necessity of bringing those who differ socially and religiously together in an atmosphere of friendship. He gave his house and fortune for the realization of his ideal. He saw cast cleavages, child widowhood, child marriage, impurity, intemperance, and other customs that are doing so much unopposed harm. "Let Hindus and Moslems and Ohristians meet together," said he, "and discuss these things from the standpoint of friendship for one another." The Devalarya grew and has become a house in which the hunger for comradeship is satisfied. It is not successful as the world counts success, but every week, and almost every day, a few choice souls gather together in its little shrine to pass an hour or two, partly in prayer, partly in silent meditation, and partly in discussion of those things which affect the religious and social life, first of Oalcutta, then of

A NEW INDIA

India, and finally of the world. 3. The Passion for Freedom. Freedom, liberty, self-determina- tion, emancipation, and words of similar import are in large use in India today. What does it mean 7 Take for example, the outcastes of Indian society who are crying for an ampler life. They do not quite know what fetters bind them, what are the oppressions from which they suffer, or in what direction liberty really lies. But many of them have decided that they will not any longer be the serfs of their fellow-countrymen. To some of them hope lies in the Christian Church and community. Where is the source of this 10ngingT In Him "Wllo said:' "I am come that ye might have life-more abundant life."

4. Enthusiasm for Social Service. Philanthropy, temperance, public morals-in these three spheres throughout India there are hundreds of non-Christians waiting for the opportunity to be of service to those in need. The need is usually physical when famine strikes multitudes, or plague, flood, cyclone come. Under proper leadership they join any adventure to render relief. The missionary spirit is at work. There is a vision and enthusiasm of service to others that may yet touch very deep and come straight from the heart of God. It is to Him Who said: "Inasmuch as ye did it unto the least of one of these" that we trace this modern enthusiasm.

Now if the'se results, direct and indirect, of the missionary enterprise are fair statements of the case in the year 1920, I claim that every Christian has the right to be optimistic.

THE DIFFICULTIES But are there no difficulties T There are indeed stupendous difficulties. Space permits me only to glance at the chief of them.

1. Difficulty of Western Christianity. The materialism of the West is hindering the 'Work. It has done so all along. It is doing so more today than ever. All that has been happening in the Western world these last few years must be a tremendous hindrance to the cause of Christ. The world is one. The conditions of London, of New York, of Paris, of Petrograd, and of any other great cities in the West, their social, political, economic and religious conditions, now that the world has been made one by the war, will have a still more harmful or helpful influence. As Christians in the West work for Christ, for purity, for comradebhip, for love, for glorious human ideals, they touch the problems missionaries are fighting. Many difficulties in the Orient will only truly be solved when Western Christianity is really Christian. Enthrone Christ in the West, or the East may yet send Christian missionaries to do it.

2. Difficulty of a Scattered Indian Christian Community. A

great deal has been said about what the Indian Church might be and might do. But the four million Christians in India are tremendously handicapped by reason of their separation. To quote one paragraph from Mr. Paton's book "Social Ideals in India": "The large number of Christians is very unequally distributed over the country. In Travancore a quarter of the population" is Christian, in Madras and in Burma not quite three per cent, in the Punjab one per cent, in Bengal only 29 in 10,000, in Rajputana four in 10,000, in Kashmir three in the same number. In great areas of the country there are no Christians at all, and no Christian word, has been preached. Two-thirds of the Christians of India live in the South, and i,t is there that the Christians appear most distinctly as a cO'mmunity. The uneven distribution of the Christian population mu&t be remembered whenever we think of the influence and possibilities of the Church in India."

The difficulty of a scattered Indian Christian community cannot be overlooked when missionary statesmen talk of the Indian Qhurch, and of other great problems affecting the mission field.

3. Difficulty of Christian Ecclesiastical Divisions. There is something absolutely wrong with the Church of Christ today in Europe, in America, and throughout the world. Weare not one to do Christ's will. The ecclesiastical divisions among Christians 011 the foreign fields are one of our greatest present difficulties. It is not possible to suggest that the hour has come for the divisions to disappear. But the time is more than passed that the spirit of antagonism that has perpetuated eccleciastical divisions should pass away once and forever. All that is irrelevant for India should be scr:apped, for it is a weakness to the Christian Church, and a greater weakness to the Christian approach to non-Christians. Personally I favor a policy of leaving the organization of an Oriental church policy to the present leaders of the churches in the East. The Holy Spirit is there to guide. The shackles of Western denominationalism need breaking in all Orient lands, and the Boards of the West would be wise to lead the way in this act of emancipation.

4. Difficulty of a Lack of Indian Christian Leadership. One ought to mention this difficulty, even though it be immediately after the words just written. We thank God for some magnificent men and women that He has raised. Take for instance Pandita Ramabai, Bishop Azariah, Tilak the Marathi poet who has just died, the evangelist Sundar Singh, and many others. The Indian Protestant Church can boast already of some magnificent prophets and leaders. But taking the Indian Church generally, and the Indian Christian community generally, we have to confess that up to the present (due to the fault of those who have not been paying sufficient attention to developing responsiblity, and to creating Christian leadership) there is a lack of efficient Indian Christian leadership. Some missionary problems will only be solved when more Indians are trained

19201 A NEW INDIA

and taught to take positions that some missionaries feel they are more ready to take than we are prepared to let them have.

5. Difficulty of Racial Relationships. It is hard for an American or a Britisher in the East to avoid the thought that we are superior to the Oriental, and that he ought to be on a lower plane. And it is hard for the Indian today, under the stress of nationalistic ideals not to think more highly of himself than he ought to think. In certain missionary circles differe1l-ces between missions and the Indian Church are aggravated and emphasized and over stated. Things are not so bad as they are made out; yet there is no doubt that mis- sionary progress during the next decade will feel the unhealthy in- fluence of un-Christian racial distinctions. In Christ this will dis- appear.

THREE IDEALS But as we look forward there are three ideals of the modern missionary enterprise that fill our horizon with hope.

1. Western Christianity ablaze for World Evangelization. It has not come yet. America is getting it faster than Britain. American churches have seen the vision for the home and foreign work, as inter-related and needing one appeal for Christ: They see that the cail of Christ to aid the redemption of humanity is a call to every individual Christian. It is one of the glories of American Christianity today that she has set herself to give time, talent, wealth, all that she has., to undertake this great adventure for Christ in a way that has never been dreamed. W{! want to see this spirit in Britain, on the Continent, in all Christian lands. 'When it comes it will be seen that it is not wise to have the separation between the churches, or the divisions in regard to home and foreign work that today exist. The hour has struck when the Christian Church should begin to set herself to the task of the world . for Christ.

2. The Indian Church Centric to all Foreign Missionary Effort. Does not the lesson from political changes teach us that the Indian is coming to his own, and that missionary societies have to learn this lesson too? They have been dominating, not only their own field of foreign missionary effort, but the Church's life and the 'Church's methods and the Church's worship, so that we have a Westernized Indian Christianity. It has been a mistake, and many of us regret it. The Foreign Missionary Society should be the servant of the Indian Church. When there is a Church big enough and strong enough, let the Foreign Missionary Society be prepared to enter into fellowship, nay rather serve the native church for the great cause of Christ in the land. The more responsibility we can place upon the Indian Church, and the more 'We can take away from the representatives of Western Christianity the better for the progress of faith in that land. The ideal is an Indian Church that

shall be centric for all missionary effort carried on, whether it is evangelistic, medical or educational. To be the servants of the Indian Church, working under Indians controlled by Indians, having finances administered by Indians, this is an ideal before us. Does it not seem almost a dream ~ 3. Home Authorities Alive to the Pressing Modern Needs. A new vision of what modern needs really are is necessary to the home authorities. There is something wrong with the proportion of funds spent on women's work, takin~ missionary organizations as a whole. Not enough is spent on the women's side of the work. I do not want to stop the men's work, but within the next few years the amount spent on and the advances made in women's work should be doubled at least. There needs to be a change in the vision of the home authorities in regard to the amount of money to be spent in cooperative work. The National Missionary Council is leading the way, but the Home Boards are not as keen or as generous for cooperative effort as they should be.

The relative importance of institutional as against general missionary activity also needs reconsideration. India, during the present year, may bring darker days for Christian effort than have been lately experienced; but God's bright promises overspan the· horizon. We may claim for the world's redemption of soul what a British poet wrote at the beginning of the great war: "You who have faith to look beyond the tragedy of a world at strife: Who trust that out of dark and death shall rise the dawn of ampler life, Rejoice, whatever anguish rends your heart, that God has given you for a priceless dower.

To live in -these great times and have your part in freedom's crowning hour, That you may tell your sons when climbs the light high in the heaven, their heritage to take, ( 'We saw the powers of darkness put to flight; we saw the morning break.' "

_bat i~ tbt ~oob JltW~ for )nbia?

6amueI ~illllitt&ottom, ~IIaba&ab, lhtbia ~upedtttenbettt of tfJe ~IIafJa&ab lIttbu.tttal lItt.titute "~gricuItural missionaries must unberstanb tfJat IIttter plolus or larger crops is not lubat lue are after as tbe ptimarp tfJing; tfJtrt is no real &spel of tbe plolu." ~bere is a 490spd of 31esus Q!:btist tbat satles men lubo IItlittle in ~im, apad from tfJeir tconomic or sodal at conbition anb it is to belp in tfJe spreab of tfJat ~ospd tfJat tfJt ~gricul= tural 3Jnstitutt exists. babt no sbort cut, no nelu luap. no IIttter lua!, tfJan tbe lua!, of tbe Q!:ross as tbt lua!, of salbation from sin to eternal lift. jJio man sboulb bt aHolutb to start for 3Jnbia: lubo bas an!, boubt ou tbe~e e~~tltial points.

UP THE; RELIGIOUS SPIRIT IN

A Church Parade protesting against the separation of the Church and State in 1918, Petrograd.

The men in golden helmets are priests.

Religious Conditions in Soviet Russia* BY JEROME DAVIS, NEW YORK Formerly Studeut Assistant to Dr. Charles E. Jefferson of the Broadway Tabernacle Church, New York; later Private Secretary to Dr. Wilfred T . Grenfell of Labrador and for two and one-half years active in Y. M. C. A. War Work, in Russia.

T HE ONE hundred and seventy million people who once made up the Russian Empire offer a challenge to the Christian forces of America. In the past they have had neither education nor good government. Today they are struggling through revolution, civil war and anarchy toward education, abetter government and a more democratic nation.

What are the religious conditions in Soviet Russia1 The Greek Orthodox Church in the past has been one of the bulwarks of the Tsar's government. The Tsar himself was its head and the Church received financial grants from the government. Today the Church is completely separated from the State. Moreover, it is often spoken against by the Soviets; it is being openly attacked in the government press. What has been the result T In the first glow of the revolution the churches were largely deserted; Today -This article was written in November of last year.

the people are suffering from starvation and disease; consequentiy they are thronging to .religious services. Though the Greek Orthodox Church has done great things for Russia, it has done very little. in social service lines.' A year 'ago last May, after the Bolsheviki had been in power for about eight months, I sent a Russian priest to see what the Orthodox churches of Moscow were doing for the· people. This priest, who was officially appointed tohelp.Jis by the Patriarch, t.he head of the Russian Church, V'i~ited twenty-two of the leading churches of Moscow. He found that seven maintained old people's homes, two had libraries, and a few had schools. Not one had any organization for the young people or anything that would lead the young people to take an active part ill the life of the parish.

Twenty of the priests thought that the Y. M. C. A. could do something to help Russia, while two thought it was dangerous to under- take anything at that time. Several priests made definite suggestions that the Y. M. C. A. start young peoples' unions, play grounds and libraries. The investigation showed that the average priest would welcome the efforts o~ such a foreign organization.

The Russian Orthodox Church is today going through a period of fiery trial. It needs the help and prayers of the Christian forces of the world. It is willing to accept help, to cooperate with any fair-minded Christian group. The head of the Russian Church, Patriarch Tikhon, has served in the United States and would gladly welcome assistance from the religious forces of America. He cooperated with the Y. M. C. A. by authorizing a priest to work with them, by endorsing the translation of American books, and by giving us certificates such as the following: "The Young Men's Christian Association in America is performing. useful, energetic and fruitful work_ in the way of religious and moral education for the young men of America. It is building in the latter the ideals of a wholesome Christian life by means of its all around cultural and physical training.

"At the present time a department of this Association has taken up similar work in Russia coming into contact with the workers and institutions of the Russian Orthodox Church, and has invited as their spiritual advisers various persons belonging to the Russian clergy in order to work in concord with the teaching and the rules of the holy Orthodox Church.

"Mr. Davis, an American, having entered as a member into the brotherhood of the Church of Christ the Redeemer and well known for his good work among the Russian people all through the war, plans to visit some of the most important towns of Russia in order to find out on the spot what the Y. M. C. A. can do in Russia for the welfare of her people. He desires to acquaint himself still further with the Ol'thodox Church and its clergy and I would ask you to render him every assistance.- (Signed) Patriarch Tikhon of Moscow and of all Russia.

The Patriarch also gave me on June 29, 1918, a request for the prayers of all American Christians, in which he said:

19201 RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS IN SOVIET RUSSIA

MOSCOW Y. M. C. A. CLUB TN THE HOME OF THE COMMANDER OF DISTRICT "It would comfort us to know tha't all true Christians of America will always remember our Russian Church and people in their warmest prayers. We would feel deeply grateful if you would express to the Christian people in America our deep desire for their prayers, especially at this crisis in Russia. We are deeply conscious in this dark hour that the moral suppo~ and prayers of all Christendom are vital for the rebuilding of Russia through Christ to her former strength."

Not only the heads of the Russian Church but the common priests everywhere are asking for our help. Along with the revolution in the government, the Church has begun to branch out into qifferent forms of servi~. Su.n<lay-schoolsl Mep. '1$ Brother.

hoods, and social service clubs were being formed by some of the churches when I was there. Progressive priests were anxious to learn everything they could on new methods elf work from the practice of .American churches. Some of the priests came to me at midnight asking for books on .American Sunday-schools and on how .American churches raised their finances. The priests were beginning to preach as never before. They need material for sermons. I gave a copy of Fosdick's "The Meaning of Prayer" to one priest who could read English. The next Sunday he preached his sermon from the book giving credit to the author. Russia needs New Testaments and Bibles. The supply in Russia is exhausted and paper is so expensive it is difficult to get. With the approval of the Patriarch, the Y. M. C. A. distributed thousands of copies ;rf the New Testament in Russian, directly and through the priests.

It is needless to say how much Russia needs education, as eighty percent of her people are illiterate. Russia also needs food. In Petrograd in 1918 over eleven thousand people contracted cholera, and over ten thousand typhoid or typhus. In the first three' months of 1919 there were thirteen thousand cases of typhus. Any' one who says that, under the Bolsheviki, ,supplies cannot be given by neutrals to those in need contradicts the whole experience 6f the Y. M. C. A., the Y. W. C. A., the Friends' Society, and the AmerIcan Red Cross.

The Russian Orthodox Church stands pleading for help. The people of Russia are bleeding and suffering. What will the churches of America do about it t I suggest the following: , First, that an interdenominational commission made up of leading clergymen and progressive social workers be dispatched ,to Soviet Russia at once empowered with funds to help, and accompanied by ships of food and. medicine.

Second, that the American churches empower this commission to help· the. Russian schools.

';Yhifd, that the Christian forces of America cooperate with the Rus- !Sian Orthodox ,Church by placing at their disposal our methods of religious education' and' social service.

They should carry with them New Testaments and other religious literature printed in Russian.

Does not the story of the Russian revolution resemble the story of the Good Samaritan ~ Russia lies bleeding by the side of the road. Germany passed by and instead of helping Russia used armies and bullets to crush out the real soul of the Russian people. America is passing by. Do we want to play the part now of the Pharisee? Shall we keep hands off and continue the blockade, or shall we go into Soviet Russia to bind up the wounds, pour on oil and do what we can to relieve the suffering~ America will respond to the needs of suffering Russia in so far as the real spirit of Jesus Christ is in the hearts of her Christians and our churches are alive to.tl1eir opportunities to serve.

Founder of the Christian and Mission-

ary Alliance Dt'. Sitnpson's Cont1'ibution to the Missionary Enterp1'ise BY REV. W, M. TURNBULL, D. D., NYACK, NEW YORK Dean of the Mi ssionary Institute A LBERT B. Simpson, foulld- er and president of the Christian and Missionary Alliance, who passed away at his home in Nyack, New York, on October 29th, was one of the reli– gious leaders of the day whose missionary messages and methods had an influence far beyond his own Society.

He was born of godly Scotch Presbyterian parents in December, 1844, at Bay View, a little village on Prince Edward Island. As a boy his thirst for learning was so intense that his health was broken by over study, yet he struggled against this disa- bility and the further handicap of poverty to such good effect that he entered college at sixteen and THE LATE DR. A. B. SIMPSON became an acceptable preacher in his first year of study, His intellectual gifts were remarked by church leaders, and immediately upon his graduation from Knox College, Toronto, he was called to an important pastorate in Hamilton, Ontario. This church prospel'!ed under his leadership but in 1874 ill health induced him to accept an invitation to the Chestnut Street Presbyterian Church in Louisville, . Kentucky.

Here he led in a great revival and was the means of drawing together churches of the city that had beel'!. divided by the Civil War. In 1880 he came to New York City as pastor of th€< Thirteenth Street Presbyterian Chu:rch, When he had spoken there on one occasion the elderly minister in charg'le' was so moved that he refused to enter the pulpit for weeks afterwards, but preached from the chancel. Mr, Simpson's early ministry in New York won him the love and esteem of his congregation, so that there 267

was universal regret when he announced that he must leave his settled pastorate to take up evangelistic work for the unchurched masses of the city. He had become profoundly impressed with the fact that the middle class, respectable people of New York were not attending the house of God, and he felt led by the Spirit to go to them with the Gospel of Ohrist. In dance halls, theatres, and other rented buildings he preached with high tides of blessing, reaching many needy hearts in the great metropolis.

In response to Mr. Simpson's stirring appeals for sacrificial service, a little group of his first converts organized a Missionary Prayer Union and met in his home to pray for lands where the name of Ohrist had not yet been heard. Soon a few of these young people offered themselves as missionaries, and requested special preparation. To meet their need Mr. Simpson organized a class for the study of the Bible and missions, which held its first sessions on the stage of a the'atre. From this small. beginning sprang the Missionary Institute which, first in New York and later at Nyack, has been the training camp for hundreds of earnest missionaries and home workers. One of the first principles of Dr. Simpson's wo:r:k was the utilizing of the' unemployed forces of the Ohurch for the evangelization of the world. His school was the pioneer among the Bible Institutes in America, and from the beginning offered specialized training in a practical knowledge of the English Bible, and in methods of aggressive soul winning. Hundreds of eager hearts were inspired with a divine zest for spiritual adventure, and led forth to mighty exploits.

In 1884 the first class was graduated from The Training School, and immediately the problem arose' as to the field of service which should be chosen. Dr. Simpson, as a believer in the Pre- Millennial Ooming of the Lord, had come to the conclusion that the consummation of the Ohurch's hope was intimately connected with the evangelization of the world. He believed that the words of the Master: "This Gospel of the Kingdom shall be preached in all the world for a witness unto all nations; and then shall the end come," referred not to any future age, but to the respon- ~ibility of the Ohurch in this dispensation. Oonsistent with this belief, he urged that missionaries be sent to lands for which no other society was planning. This has been the settled policy of Dr. Simpson through the years. While some bases haVie been occupied in conjunction with other missions, the great objective has always been to push out into regions where no other Ohristian has carried the story of rediemption. The observance of this principle has led the Alliance missionaries into the most difficult and remote regions, and has meant the introduction of the Gospel to Kwang-Si in South Ohina, the province of Hunan in Oentral China, the

FOUNDER OF THE CHRISTIAN AND MISSIONARY ALLIANCE 2fIJ

borderland of Tibet, the unoccupied basins of the Congo and the Niger in Africa, the untouched areas of Central and Western India, the interior regions of Argentina, Chile and Ecuador, and last of all, the great French Colonial possession of Indo-China. In the last named country the only Protestant missionaries among·twenty- two million people are pioneers sent out by the Alliance.

Dr. Simpson expressed some of the underlying convictions of his own mind in the following declaration of principles: "1. The ALLIANCE emphasizes the speCial agency and superintendency of the Holy Ghost in the work of missions, seeking only for wholly 'con- secrated missionaries and holding the work under the constant direction of the Spirit of God. HI goes without saying that the testimony of the 'ALLIANCE is a full Gospel and the converts of our missions are led to know the Lord Jesus in His fulness and expect the baptism of the Holy Spirit.

"2. Along with this it naturally follows that the work should be a work of faith and that it should be maintained by a spirit of prayer and continual dependence upon God. Having no ecclesiastical constituency the workers on the field and the executive officers at home are led to look more directly to God for all their resources and supplies.

"3. The ALLIANCE missionary work is evangelistic and aggressive rather than educational and institutional. We do not attempt to establish educational institutions, and transplant our denominational organizations to heathen soil, but to give the Gospel as rapidly as possible to all races and tongues.

"4. T-lle principle of economy is rigidly aimed at. The expenses of home administration are reduced to the lowest possible figure. Missionaries on the field are not promised regular salaries, but simply their expenses, and all the workers unite to make the means at our disposal accomplish the largest possible results without really sacrificing or crippling the work. Monthly allowances sufficient to meet actual needs are granted the mission- aries. From time to time these allowances are increased as the cost of living in different countries is raised.

"5. The principle of sacrifice is tlhe deepest element in our work. Again and again is has been displayed upon the field by the missionaries themselves, and not less by the self-sacrificing gifts of those who sustain them af home."

Some of the methods employed by Dr. Simpson have become widely known through the secular as well as the religious press. Ever since 1887 an annual missionary convention has been held at Old Orchard, Maine, which has become the source of inspiration and the model for numerous other similar gatherings, some of which have eclipsed the parent meeting, both in the attendance and in the amount of the missionary offering. In all these conventions the supreme object is a deepening of the spiritual life of believers, and the impartation of positive blessing for spirit, soul and body. There is Bible teaching, the dissemination of missionary information, and the inspiring help of consecrated music; but above all there is unceasing effort to lead hnngryhearted people to a soul-satisfying experience of their privile~ in Christ through the power of the indwelling Holy Spirit. The

missionary offering at the close is always an expression of spiritual life and worship, and is free from strained appeal or mere emotions. Dr. Simpson fed the people with the Bread of Life and giving folloW/ed naturally. He never urged people to give upon the spur of the moment, but rather prayerfully to decide how much God :would have them pledge to send through the ycar. The conviction that has been behind these pledges is seen from the fact that over ninety-five per cent of them have been paid in full, and the total pledged at any convention is usually exoeeded by the actual receipts from those who were present. It is also significant that many of the great financial drives of recent years have adopted the methods first employed by Dr. ~ Simpson. The results that have followed the daring faith of this one man of God ar,e beyond computation. His example has inspired many other similar movements and has led to an increase of consecration, prayer and giving in Il!e'arly every corner of the globe. It has been estimated that during the Ylears of his service Dr. Simpson administered over six million dollars in foreign mission work. One hundred and eight main stations and four hundred out stations have been opened as Gospel centers in sixteen different mission fields, which contain over forty million people who depend upon this one agency for the Gosp/el of Christ. Over three hundred foreign missionaries and six hundred native workers are caring for one hundred and eighbeen organized churches· that have a present membership of over ten thousand adults, besides thousands of adherents. One hundred and fortyfive Sunday-schools have been established in these dark lands, in which seven thousand six hundred and eighty-three children are enrolled. There are now two hundred and sixty-one day schools with five thousand eight hundred and seVlenty-eight scholars, besides seven Bible Training Schools with one hundred and seventeen students, mainly 'young men, preparing to carry the Gospel to their own PlCople. The native church abroad gave two dollars and twenty-one cents per member during the past year, and the value of mission property in foreign lands is about half a million dollars. Not the least fruitful phase of Dr. Simpson's contribution to the missionary enterprise was the activity of his consecrated pen. Early in the eighties he founded the first of his illustrated magazines called, "The Gospel in All Lands." This was later sold to Rev. Eugene Smith and afterwards transflerred to the Methodist Episcopal Church, becoming a channel of much blessing in that denomination. The Alliance Weekly came after a few years with its never-failing uplift in the editorials. sermons and

FOUNDER OF THE CHRISTIAN AND MISSIONARY ALLIANCE

special articles of its versatile reditor. In 1893 Dr. Simpson toured the mission fields of the world and later took less extended trips which gave him first-hand knowledge of conditions abroad and led to the writing of books and vivid appeals that had a wide circulation. Perhaps the spiritual depth alld fervor that characterized the fifty-five years of his labors as a minister of the Lord Jesus Christ can best be seen in the hymns that poured from his burning heart. He wrote over three hundred songs, less than half of which have as yet appeal1ed in print. Among those of It missionary character that are fairly well known are "A Hundred Thousand Souls a Day," "Saving and Serving" and "Send Me Forth." The following might well be considered the spiritual biography of Dr. Simpson, since it breathes forth so much of his soLemn sense of responsibility and his passion for the lost.

MY TRUST Lord, Thou hast giv'n me a trust, A high and holy dispensation, To tell the world, and tell I must The story of Thy great salvation.

Thou might'st have sent from heaven above Angelic hosts to tell the story, But in Thy condescending love, On men Thou hast conferred the glory.

Thou hast commanded us to go, a never let our hearts betray Thee.

And Thou hast left an awful woe, On all who lightly disobey Thee; a let us feel and fear that woe, As we would guard our own salvation, And let us answer to that "go,"

As witnesses in every nation.

We are all debtors to our race; God holds us bound to one another; The giftis and blessings of His grace Were given thee to give thy brother.

We owe to ev'ry child of sin a One chance at least, for hope of heaven, by the love that brought us in, Let help and hope to them be given

A Message from Russian Women A heart-rending a~al has been sent to England by a Christian woman of Petrograd. The message does not suggest any possibility of human help, but is a call for intercessory prayer on the part of Christians everywhere. A few extracts from the message portray conditions in vivid terms: "Chil- dren-loving England, cast a glance on our children * * * Hundreds of them are daily dying of hunger, neglect and in- fectious diseases. But death is not the worst. Children- masses of them-are bribed by specially good food (most rare in these hard times), by flattery, over-indulgence, theatres, dancing, and other similar attractions to renounce God, never . utter His name, never pray, never go anywhere they can hear anything about Him except in blasphemy. Imagine a large company of children listening to the following speech-"Dear children, we have called you together to tell you that now everything is yours. You are the masters and have a right to all you see * * * You can take, use, do whatever you like.

and need not at all mind stealing, for you can always leave off" (Exact words ~tse,d.) *"" The schools are now mixed, morals indescribable, literature of the worst kind is distri- buted among the girls and boys, no supervisi<m, no restraint, no religion, proper teaching is set aside, and dancing put in its place. According to the latest decree parents have no right to keep their children at home! Communistic schools are to take them, keep them, educate them according to their views, and lest any should escape, babies will be taken from their mothers directly after their birth.

"The educated classes are doomed to extermination, and that object is pursued with relentless cruelty. Men of science and culture, delicate women, the aged and the youthful are constantly turned out of their homes with no means of sub- sistence. The universities are closed or at the point of ex- tinction, the students scattered. All expressions of opinion, all free action, all meetings and associations are forbidden. all initiative killed, the voice of conscience silenced, spies are hunting for their prey everywhere … >It * "A book and a weekly periodical are being circulated among the Russian people. The book, called THE RED GOS- PEL, is a caricature of our blessed Gospel and full of blas- phemous attacks !)n the Scripture. The periodical THE RED CHRIST bears the same character. Almost all other printed matter is prohibited or hidden out of sight 'It 'it 'It"

in Mohammedan

BY THE REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D. D., CAIRO, EGYPT Editor of The Moslem World and Author of "The Disintegration of Islam" Etc.

O NE of the faithful messengers of Jesus Christ among Mo- hammedans, Miss Jennie de Mayer of Samarkand, Central Asia, says that "this war's earthquake has thrown all the windows of the Moslem world wide open, and all the doors are off their hinges."

A new day has dawned in the Mohammedan world and it will be deeply interesting to see what the editorials of Calcutta and the editorials' of Bombay and Lucknow and Singaporte, of Tangier and Fez tell us concerning the conclusions at the Peace table. Around that Peace table not only the destinies of Poland and Russia and the Balkan States, and Germany and Austria and the Czecho-Slovaks, but the destiny of Syria, Palestine, Turkey, Mesopotamia, Arabia, Central Asia, Persia and Afghanistan are determined. Those lands that were closed with iron gates and bars of brass have been thrown wide open by the evrents of the war. The Prophet Isaiah had a distant yision when he said, "In that day there shall be a highway from Egypt to Assyria, and the Syrian shall worship with the Egyptian, and the Lord of Hosts shall say, 'Blessed be Egypt my people, and Syria, the work of my hands.' " His prophetic eye caught the Anzacs, and men from South Africa under General Smuts, from Wales and Scotland and England, driving the spikes and laying the rails for the road to transport General Allenby's army; caught the vision of the bridgre now spanning the Cana.l. and of the time when we can take the diner and sleeper from Cairo's Union Station to the new Jerusalem.

What a marvelous day, when on the battle field of Armageddon God calls together the western nations, with the Arabs as Allies, and drives into utter rout and confusion the strongest troops of Turkey, in order that the Cross of Ohrist may once more come to its own in the land where Jesus Christ gave His lif~ for the world.

There is not one country, froUl Morocco across to China, which has not experienced great changes because of the war, What was the chief opposition to the message of Christ among the Mohammedans of Java' The Dutch missionaries will tell uS that it was Stamboul. It was the hope in the hearts of these Javanese and Sumatran Mohammedans that the Sultan of Turkey would cOUle and wrest the Islands from the hands of the Dutch 273

and give them back to Mohammedan rule. That bubble is pricked, the house of cards has fallen; and the Javanese Mohammedans know that the Allies will decide where the Caliphate is to be.

Think of the result to Morocco. Before the war there was not a country in Africa so dark socially, morally, economically as Morocco. Travelers, missionaries and statesmen testify that it was the most hopeless spot in Africa. Yet it was only three and a half days from London or Paris! Then came the war, and God Almighty made the wrath of men to praise Him. He set the people free, and according to the testimony of the British Consul-General the advent of the French in Morocco has brought in a new era. Thev have constructed some five hundred miles of raIlway, and five hundred and sixty miles of good roads. They have established justice and law and order, they have quelled the internal revolts; and they have captured the hearts of these Mohammedan peoples, so that Moroccan men fought under the French flag in the trenches of France and Flanders.

Think what has taken place in Algeria and Tunisia, where Methodist missionaries have unfurled that Banner which shall never suffer loss. There the Algerian and Tunisian governments have given the Methodist Episcopal Church a charter to carry on their work-press, schools, hospitals-in order to establish in those Mohammedan lands the Kingdom of Jesus Christ, our Lord.

Egypt was a country of contradictions and with perplexing political questions, but the war cut the Gordian knot and established oYler the whole Nile Valley tIle righteous rule of Britain, whose flag stands for high principles'-the flag of St. George indicating devotion; and St. Patrick exemplifying the missionary spirit and St. Andrew, typifying chivalry.

Add to all these things the result upon Mohammedans. Pride, self-sufficiency, conceit are the greatest enemies to the Gospel of Jesus Christ. The old, old story never enters a man's heart when he puts up the adamantine wall of pride. God through this war has humbled the Moslem world. There is no place for arrogance or pride on our part. God has done it. He has plowed through their prejudices, He has plow.ed deep in all their lands. It is for us to carry the seed baskets, "weeping," and then some day we shall return bearing our sheaves with us.

What is the program that God desires to unfold in this new era of His grace~ It is a program for every department of mis- . sions, schools, hospitals, relief, everything, but not least and not last the message of the printed page. This war has proVlCd the awful power of a propagandism of lies and intrigue, and has also shown the benediction of truth and sobriety and kindness and love through the printed page and the written message. The Church of the Lord J eSLJS Christ, facin~ this B'reai w9rld of opportnnio/,

OPPORTUNITY IN MOHAMMEDAN LANDS

must enter these doors and establish everywhere the Christian press.

Therel are vast areas without any literature. The total litera- ture for Chinese Mohammedans, who number nearly fifteen mil- lions, could be held between the two fingers of my hand. We talk about a five foot shelf of learning. All the books that the Beirut press and the Nile Mission press have prepared for the pastors and leaders of Syria and the Nile Valley could be put on a three foot shelf. We have absolutelv stinted and starved this department of Chrit;;tian work. .

The great Mohammedan world needs a broad Christian litera- ture. They need the life of Christ, in popular form; they need.

biographies of leaders of the Christian Church, the lives of apostles and missionaries, that will inspire them to higher living. They need books of Christian poetry and science; they need books that are pure and wholesome for child life, they need everything in every department, that we find heaped up in our homes, and on the shelves of book stores. Oh, the poverty of the intellectual supply of Moslems! Oh, the poverty of that which we provide for the millions of readers that the new education is raising up in every land!

According to the census of India, nearly one million two hun- dred thousand children are now in government schools' and mission schools. When they graduate from these schools, what do we give them? Shall we turn them back to the old literature of heathenism and Mohammedanism? What sort of literature is that 1 The Koran, the life of Mohammed unexpurgated, and the unexpurgated Arabian Nights, or the erotic Arabic poetry.. That is typical of what is left, aside from commentaries and traditions of the Mos- lem faith. We create readers, and we must satisfy their appetites by giving them literature that is true and pUl'le and elevating.

We sing, "Oh, For a Thousand Tongues to Sing My Dear Redeemer's Praise." Do we mean it? The only way for us to have a thousand tongues, or ten thousand tongues, to sing our Great Redeemer's praise, is to use the printed page. In that way we can do it. Any message that has gone home, any prose or poetry, any book that is strong and manly and pure and whole- some, any book that hasl touched your heart, may be sent out on the wings· of the wind, through the printed page. This day of God and this world of God call for sacrificial obedience.

Fly abroad, thou mighty Gospel Win and conquer, never cease 'Till Mohammed's wide dominions Yield to Christ the Prince of Peace.

Indian Coolie in

BY REV. J. W. BURTON, B. A., MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA Conference Secretary for Australian Methodist Foreign Missions. For nine years missionary to the Indian population in Fiji; author of "The . Fiji of To-day," "The Call of the Pacific," etc.

O VER sixty thousand natives of India are in the Fiji I,SIand!!. The majority of these came originally to labor on the sugar plantations. As their terms of service have expired, many have settled permanently in the South Sea Islands and are now the most important element in the population. The are gradually taking the best lands from the aboriginal population, and the indications are that Fiji will eventually become, for the most part, an Indian Colony. Many of the former coolies ar~ now themselves employers, and most of the stores in native villages are owned by them. The climate sni~s them, and there are many opportunities of making money.

Until recently there has heen a system of "indenture" under which these laborers were employed. They were recruited principally in the Northwest provinces of India, and, after a preliminary medical examination, they were sent to Fiji. On arrival, they were apportioned to the various planters, whom they were obliged to serve for a term of five years, at the end of which period they became "free," and were expected to settle on the l~nd for a further term of five years. After this, if they so desired, they could return passage-paid to India.. The great majority, however, elected to remain in Fiji.

The conditions on the plantations were, on the whole, exceedingly bad. The wages were very low-too low to provide adequate food and clothing. The average earnings of the men were eleven pence per day and those of the women five pence. The employer was obliged to provide shelter, which took the form of coolie "lines" or long tarred barracks, divided into cubicles of eight feet by ten feet, in each of which three men, or a man, his wife and family, were placed. Often the sanitary conditions were indescribably bad and disease and wretchedness made havoc of human life. There was not only the minimum of comfort but less than the minimum of decency. It was an evil system, difficult of supervision, and lent itself to innumerable abuses, which have been exposed, time and again, by missionaries on the field. Commercial interests were strong, however, the government was pitifully weak, and voices of protest were almost unheeded.

The chief cause of the degradation of the people was not so much the low wages or the miserable accommodation, as the A MOHAMMEDAN MOULVI IN FIJI lewdness springing from the disproportion of the sexes. The Government regulations provided for only thirty-three women to every one hundred men, and, when the class from which these were chiefly recruited is considered, inevitably the sexual relations became unspeakably evil. One writer declared that the only morals in the coolie "lines" were those of the poultry yard; and, unfortunately, the horrible phrase was only too accurate.

Gradually information regarding the conditions in Fiji filtered through to India. The South African Indian question was still a scandal fresh in the minds of the people, and now public attention fastened upon an even worse state of things in Fiji. National pride was touched and a sense of indignation possessed the national leaders. They were, they declared, members of the great British Empire whose flag, it was proudly boasted, stood for liberty and equal justice; yet, under that very flag in the Crown Colony on Fiji, their own kinsmen were being enslaved and demoralized that the ruling race might make money. One result of the agitation was the appointment by the Indian government of a Commission which visited Fiji and suggested reforms. The system of indenture was, however, left unaltered, and this failed to satisfy Indian demands.

The Indian leaders, themselves, then appointed two independ-

ent in"estigaWrs, and in 1915 the Rev. C. F. Andrews, M. A. (author of "T~e Renaissance in India"), and the R~V'; W. W. Pearson1 M. A., B'. Sc. (late of the London Missionary oSociety), visited Fiji. Their rel'Jort to the Indian members of the Viceroy's Council WIlS a scathing indictment of the whole indenture system and made every trwil-hearted Britisher ashamed. It was shown that the life of the coolie "line" was primarily responsible for the degradation and alarming immorality of the people. The pUblication of this report led eventually to the abolition of the system.

It is often urged by the planters and sugar companies, in extenuation ()f the miserahle accommodation provided, that the Indians, when they finish their term of indenture, invariably build still more wretched hovels for themselves; but the real point is thus missed. When the Indian settles on the land he may put up a very mean hom(! for himself, but there is no longer the promiscuous herding together of married and unmarried peO'ple, as in the "lines"; there is family life and this has its own sanctities and healthfulness. It is the promiscuous herding together of good and bad which is the real menace to moral life. Let us quote from the report of Messrs. Andrews and Pearson: "We cannot forglt our first sight of the coolie 'lines' in Fiji. The looks on the faees of the men and the women alike told one unmistakable tale of vice. The sight of young children in such surroundings was unbearable to us. And, again and again, as we went from one plantation to another, we saw the sam~o umnistakable look. It told us of a moral disease which was eating into the heart and life of the people.

"What else could be expected? Indian villagers, who have lived the communal life of their own lndian homes, are first taken away, one from here and one from there, by the recruiting agents. They are completely separated from all their own ties and associations. Then they are crowded together on board the great emigrant ships, where decency can hardly be preserved, and every temptation is rife. Lastly, in Fiji itself, they are crowded again into the coolie 'lines,' which are more like stables than human dweIJings; and there they are forced by law to remain, away frorn every restraint of custom or religion, during a period of five yeRrs. 'Vhat else could be expected 7 But that little children should UP, born and brought up in this!"

The saddest feature is not that the "lines" themselves are ;such hot-beds of vice, but that contamination has spread to practically the whQle population-spreading even among the native Fijian people.

"We had at first supposed that these corrupt morals of the "lines' would be thrown off, in a great measure, by a healthy reaetion, as soon as the Indian became a free man. In Natal, this had

1920J THE INDIAN COOLIE IN FIJI

been the case, and we had seen with our own eyes fairly healthy family life springing up in the numerous tiny frnit farms around Durban, where free Indians lived.

But we found things far more un- satisfactory in Fiji. There, the morals of the coolie' lines' had be- come ingrained in the free popu- lation. As one Indian explained the matter to us : 'Sahib.' he said, 'our women have lost all shame; they change their husbands as they change their dress.' An abominable trafficking in young girls was prevalent, which the law seemed unable to check. It was a common thing for a father to sell his daughter to one man, allowing the betrothal ceremony to be per- formed, and then to sell her to an- other. Divorces were equally com- mon. Women left their husbands for the sake of jewelry and went to live with other men. They seemed to do just what they pleased, and to live just as they liked. Castes and religions were mixed together in a common jum- A FRE}; INDIAN GIRL IN FIJI ble. Hindu girls were sold in marriage to Mohammedans and vice versa. Sweepers' children were sometimes married to Brahmans. If this admixture had been due to enlightened motives of humanity and in accordance with conscience, all might have been well. But it was just the reverse-a matter of greed and lust. As if to make the evil more deep-seated, the Government had done its best to banish Hindu and Mohammedan religious marriage altogether from the land.

Indian-Christian marriage shared the same fate in the eyes of the law. A Christian minister of religion, Mr. Bavin, who performed the ceremony of marriage for two Indian Christians in Church, was prosecuted for committing an illegal act!"

No wonder that when the wrongs of these people were made known to their cOlllltrymen in India there Wll-S an outcry. The vernacular press flamed in indignation, while throughout the provinces mass meetings were held. Even naturally shy and

retiring Indian women took the platform. Mrs. Sarojini Naidu lashed a. great audience into fury with her hot words of wrath: "Wealth! "What is wealth to usT Power! What is power to us? Glory! What is glory to us T How shall the wealth Rnd power and glory of a nation be founded save on the immutable honor of the womanhood T Are we going to leave to posterity a wealth got with dishonorT Are we going to leave to the unborn generations a sorrow and shame that we have not been able to wipe out1 Men of India, rather. the hour of doom struck than that after tonight you should live to say: 'We heard the cries and yet we were deaf. We heard the call for help, but we had not the courage. We felt in our hearts the challenge to our national honor and yet we. were cowards.' If, after tonight, men of India, if .after tQnight, I say, it is possible for the most selfish interests to use 'the humanity of India to enrich, almost as a manure, the sugar plantations of the Colonies, if it is possible, I~ay, to let the forces of this greatest evil on earth daunt you, you are not only unworthy' and degenerate sons of our mothers, whose name stood for glory in the past, but you are murderers of national honor and national progress. . . . . "I have come today to speak, but I think the fire within me is so strong that it bids me be silent, because words are so weak. I feel within me today the anguish that has been from year to year the lot of those women who had better be dead. I feel within me the shame, the inexpressible, the immeasurable, the inalienable shame, gentlemen, that has brought the curse of the indenture system to our women. And who is responsible, men of India, for this, that our men should have to go abroad for bread' Why is not your patriotism sufficient to have resources enough to give bread tQ them who go to seek bread abroad 1 Why is not your patriotism. so vigilant, so strong, and so aU comprehensive, that you are able to guard the ignorance of them that go abroad, not merely to death-for death, gentlemen, is tolerable-but to dishonor. Ours has been the shame, because ours has always been the responsibility. . . . That mark of crime is written here on us, because we have no destiny apart from our sisters. Our honor is indivisible, so must be our dishonor. That is, our destiny is one, and whether for glory or for shame, we share alike. And we women who give our sons to the country, we cannot endure our sons to think that their mothers belong to a generation, part of whose motherhood was dishonored.

"Have I not said enough to stir your blood? Have I not said enoug:p. to kindle within you such a conflagration that must not merely anuihilate the wrongs of the indenture system, but recreate in the crucible of a new stirring, a new purpose, a new unity of self-respect, that will not sleep, that will not rest, that will be, a

THE INDIAN COOLIE IN FIJI

sword to avenge, that will be a fire to burn 7 . . . Is national righteouslless possible, when the chastity of your womanhood is assailed! Is national righteousness possible, when the men of India sit still and see such crimes 1 Is national righteousness possible, till every man amongst you becomes a soldier of the cause, a devotee, a fanatic, everything and anything which means destruction of the wrong and triumph of the righU"

The indenture system is broken. It belongs to an inhuman and callous past. It is "The record of disgraces best forgotten, A sullen page in human chronicles Fit to erase."

• In 1921 every Indian in Fiji will be free I But while the system is gone, the evils remain. The one bright spot in the sad picture has been the seemingly hopeless attempt of a few lonely missionaries to help this people. "It is the work of missionaries like these," says the report, "struggling against overwhelming odds, that had saved the whole Indiau community from falling to the lowest level of ignorance and vice." But there is much yet to be done. The only hope of a radical and permanent cure of this diseased life is with the Good Physician. He is theirs as much as ours. The best atonement we can make for ~he well·nigh irreparable wrongs we have inflicted on this people is to give them, in a great spirit of humility and sympathy, the mC:!'1sage of Jesus, their Kinsman and ours.

IS IT NOTHING TO YOU THAT one-third the world is still illiterate, ignorant of true health, and beyond the reach of medical skill?

THAT the most far-reaching movements in human history are now taking place, affecting three-fourths of the human race?

THAT the thirst for Western education has gripped the Far East with a startling rapidity, breaking down age-long traditions as to womanhood and caste, and sending to school in Japan a larger propor- tion of children of school age than in any other land? Soon 50,000,000 will be at school in China.

THAT doors hitherto locked and barred are now "off the hinges,"

with the literati of China ready to hear the gospel message, and in the mass movements of India, scores of thousands turned away from the Church because of no teachers to instruct them?

THAT America is growing rich at the rate of about nine millions a day, the wealth of Protestant church members in America alone being estimated at $23,000,000,000?

THAT not one-half of these church members give to support a local church, nor are they helping financially or otherwise enlisted in any active Christian work?

THAT Jesus Christ, the great Captain, waits, with the banner of the Cross in His hands, for His people, whom He has so richly blessed, to follow His lead? -The Missionary Intelligencer.

A Chinese Christian

BY REV. JONATHAN GOFORTH, D. D., CHANGTE, HONAN, CHINA Missionary of the Canadian Presbyterian Church GENERAL FENG YU HSIANG was born of poor parents in An-Hui province thirty-seven years ago. Floods swept away all they had and the family, in beggary, went north to Paoting-fu. The boy had no early school advantages, and at about eighteen he entered the Chinese Army as a private. With rare common sense and a splendid physique, he so applied himself that he does not seem to lack in education, and is now learning English.• In 1900 when Feng Yu Hsiang was a raw recruit at Paoting-fu he first came in contact with a missionary who was on a street of that city preaching from the text, "If they smite you on the right cheek, etc., or, if they take away your outer garment, let them have the inner one also."

"I did not like that doctrine," said he, "so to test it I s1,J.ouldered·the missionary's table and started off with it; but the missionary did not practice what he preached, and clung to the table till I had to let him have it."

The first time his conscience was stirred was that same ·year at the American Board compound in the south suburb of Paoting-fu. The Boxers were there to kill the missionaries and the Christians, and Miss Morrell was at the gate pleading for their lives.

"I have saved many of your people when they came to me sick," said she; "Cannot their saved lives be put to our credit and ours spared f" When she found that plea would not move the Boxers, she said: "Let me die for the others; slay me, but spare them." This moved the men to tears, with the exception of the young hotheads among them, so that the missionaries were allowed to escape through the back gate. A Boxer leader named Wang, however, overtook and slew them. General Feng said the Government troops were ordered to march to the north suburb where the Presbyterian missionaries were about to be massacred, but were commanded not to interfere with the Boxers-only to look on and return and report that they could not restrain them. He saw the Simcoxes, the Hodges, and Dr. Taylor burned in their houses and all this made an. impression upon him so deep that the blood of 1hese martyrs became the seed of a new life in him. Later, while stationed near Peking, he had a very bad ulcer. He sought the adviCe of two Chinese doctors, and each of them asked sixty dollars to heal it. He then went to a missionary hospital, and when cured asked how much he would have to pay.

282 . The do.ctor said, "Nothing; only I want you to remember that God in heaven loves you, and sent me to heal you." That saying t;nade a deep impression upon the mind of Feng Yu Hsiang.

In the plague year, when a lieutenant, he was stationed at Hain Men Tien in Manchuria, and the missionary doctor inoculated him against plague. When asked how much he would have to pay, the doctor astonished him by saying almost the same as the other foreign doctor had said some years before.

In the year 1912 when he had been promoted to the rank of Major and was stationed at Peking, he attended meetings held by John R. Mott and was converted. He was appointed to attend Pastor Liu's class for Bible Study. At that time a severe testing came. His elder brother turned bad and took another woman as wife, threatening to shoot his real wife. This made the Major furious, and he vowed to settle with his brother. But the time came for his Bible Class, and the subject proved to be, "Vengeance is mine, I will repay, saith the Lord." Then, as if to test him to the uttermost, his elder brother sent him a letter of defiance and a challenge to fight.

"It was my Heavenly Father who sent me the message of forgiveness just in time to save me," said the General. "Had it not been for that, I would have gone to my brother; and either I would have killed him or he would have killed me. With the Word of God in my heart, I took no notice of my brother's defiance, but sent by the hand of a friend a hundred dollars and a letter saying, if he needed more to set up in business, I would let him have it. My brother was so astonished at this treatment that he put away the bad woman, and was reconciled to his wife. "

At the time of the clash between North and South, Major Feng had been promoted to Brigadier-General and had an independent command in Sze-Chuan. On one occasion he attempted to take a strong position, but on account of his artillery ammunition running short, he had to retreat. Securing supplies, he renewed the attack, turned the position, and smashed the only bridge across the river, leaving the southern force at his mercy. They threw down their arms and surrendered. The· General ordered ten dollars to be given to each officer and five dollars to each private, and sent them home. He said, "the amazed Southerners fell all around weeping, then arose and went home. "

Last year when a northern force came to grief at Ch'ang-te-fu; in Hunan Province, General Feng was sent to retake the city. As he drew near to it, he sent a note by two missionaries to the southern commander saying, "I have orders to take the city, and will take it. You just leave it and go south and avoid loss of life." The southern leader took the hint and moved all his force south fifty miles. General Feng entered Ch'ang-te-fu and established

himself there. All bad women were ordered to leave the city. within three days. All gambling dens and theatres were closed. – The theatres were turned into schools, workshops and preaching halls. The opium and morphia hells were closed and the owners fined. One Chinese morphia dealer was fined seven thousand dol- lars, but his Japanese partner escaped. The people were in dread of the northern soldiers, but so many of the 9,000 had become Christians that perfect safety reigned.

No smoking, drinking, bad language, or gambling is allowed among General Feng's men. For nine days I was everyhere among the men and never saw any smoking, nor smelled the fumes of drink Mr. Caswell of the Canadian Holiness Mission said he had been among the men for a year and had never heard a bad word. Soldiers of Christian lands, take note! Some years ago, the Gen- eral thrashed one of his colonels for going to a house of ill fame. The colonel has since been converted.

The General does not want his men to turn bandits when they leave the Army, and took us to see his factories whieh he has provided for them. There we saw scores of knitting machines, on which all the socks for the army were made. Dozens of sewing machines were used for making clothes. There were looms weaving towels, etc., in addition to bookbinding, rattan chair making, etc. The soldiers· working at these trades were all around forty years of age.

We' went with the General to inspect the barracks. It was astonishing to find a place in China without offensive smells and filth. Every bed was clean. Each man had a mosquito net. Every gun, bayonet, strap and buckle shone. Their Bibles and hymn books were ne~tly piled up with their military books. Officers in neat athletic suits were called out to let us see what they could do in the way of athletic drill. Their feats on the horizontal bars, and in the obstacle race were remarkable. The buckles the officers wore on their athletic suit belts were won as prizes on route marches. One led his company and made forty miles in seven hours. The General's control over his men seems absolute. They would die for him. He calls them his "boys" and is like a father to them.

General Feng has established an opium and morphia refuge into which he puts all opium or morphia users he can catch among the seven or eight million Hunanese over whom he rules. Some- thing would happen if such a man got control in some of the booze districts of our Christian lands.

The General supplies his men with religious books and has bought as many as 500 New Testaments at a time. He says he cannot get enough catechisms; at present three men have to study from one. He has made a catechism on military morale with many

A CHINESE CHRISTIAN GENERAL 28S

Bible thoughts in it and all of the 9,000 men can repeat this on the instant. lIe believes in a Christianity built on knowledge.

I said to him, "General, the great need of your men is Bible Study."

"1 feel it," he replied, "and commission you when you go north to the provinces where my men come from to urge the missions to send me some of their best Bible teac.hers; and I will pay their expenses and so arrange the drills of the men that they may have fresh companies of men for Bible classes every hour in the day." I never saw men so eager to study the Bible. One evening a list of eighty-six names of men who wanted to study was sent me, and the General arranged that they should meet next morning at six 0 'clock. At the time a:ppointed, instead of 86 there were hundreds, almost filling the theatre. The General telegraphed for my wife to come and teach the 70 or 80 officers' wives and paid ~l our expenses.

When at Tao-Yuan, our first main morning meeting was at seven 0 'clock. It was raining, but Major Wen and about one hundred of his men who were ready for baptism marched in ten miles and were in time for the service. 1 asked the Major what proportion. of his men had turned to Christianity. He replied that nine out of every ten were on the ,Lord's side. It is little to be wondered at, for the Major seems to be on fire for God, and his men cannot help following his lead.

Another reason why I believe the Christianity of these soldiers is genuine is that they gave such a hearty response to searching truth. Mter each address, I left the meeting open for prayer; and the higher officers commenced confessing their sins. After the address on "Break up the fallow ground and sow not among thorns," many confessed freely. Finally the General said, "If we did not believe this message came to us from our Father in Heaven, would we stand it f Here a man from another land comes and lays all our faults and sins bare; and we are not angry, but convicted. I am sure you all feel as I do. I am convicted through and through. If our earthly parents saw our evil ways were ruining us and came and warned us, we would surely heed them; how much more should we pay heed 'When God, our Father in Heaven, has sent His servant in this great heat to warn us. Comrades, you can all go to heaven and dwell with God; but you cannot hope to enter there while you retain these evil weeds in your hearts."

On the fifth night, the General commenced to pray, but soon broke down. He wept and confessed his own and his country's sins. Sounds of weeping could be heard from his men all over the building. Oolonel Lu followed saying that his sins were even more than

had been mentioned. The tears streamed dow; the face of one of the staff officers as he prayed, and so it was with others. At the close he plead with all to consecrate themselves to the service of the Lord Jesus Christ.

During the two and a half days at Tao-Yuan, there was the same whole-hearted response. At times men were confessing and pleading with God in tears. Once Major Wen in tears seemed amazed at the boundless love of God in Christ. That God could spare such wrath-deserving sinners seemed too wonderful "In our impenitent state," he said, "we were in as great jeopardy as a man riding a blind horse along the edge of a precipice."

A young captain burst out crying in prayer, and said he bad reviled the cause of Jesus Christ and had ridiculed' his General for believing in Christ. Afterwards, the General showed that he was greatly delighted over this confession. He said, "The captain is a bright scholar, but wouldn't look at the BIble, he so detested the cause of Jesus. One day while I was reading the Bible, he came and stood near me and said, 'General, everything you. say and do we aU approve of, and we admire your wisdom; but we cannot understand one so wise in other things taken up with such an absurd book as that.' In fu~ I thrust out to grasp him, but he fled away laughing; and now to think the Spirit of God has made him bend like that." When the officers later came up for baptism, this captain passed about the best examination.

One more reason why we think the Christianity of these military leaders is the New Testament kind is that they are not content to win for the Lord the nine thousand men of their little army; but while we were there the General and his officers formed themselves into an evangelistic band to save the people of the district in which they are stationed. The first item in the list of rules is that each officer will strive to bring at least one of the chief men of the city to Christ by the end of the year.

These men seem to have a faith in God as simple and direct as a little child. Some months ago, when all crop prospects seemed blasted by dronght, the General assembled the people and called upon all the priests and priestesses, both Taoist and Buddhist, to pra,y for rain. They were in consternation and hopeless confusion as they begged off. Then the General and his officers prayed to the God of heaven; and not long afterward there was a great rain.

Where the General controls, no one need be ignorant of the Way ~f Life. The seventy or eighty officers' wives, for the most part, could not read; so General Feng started a school for them and brought down from the North a lady graduate to teach them. During the time Mrs. Goforth proclaimed the Gospel to them many pmfessed to believe in the Lord Jesus Christ as their Saviour.

A CHINESE CHRISTIAN

The spread of the Gospel among the 9,000 men comprising this force is amazing. Less than' eight years ago, the General and aU his men were heathen; now the leaders assure us that eight out of ten believe. It seems as if they are turning to the Lord almost by regiments. About five hundred were baptized a few months ago, and now I have baptized 507. When I baptized 275 of these at Tao-Yuan, of whom 39 were officers, it seemed to me I had never before taken part in a service so impressive, solemn and wonderful. After singing, Mr. Caswell led in prayer. I explained the meaning of baptism, basing my remarks on Matt. 3:11 and 28 :18. Then the General read out about fifteen names, and they came and stood before the platform, where I baptized them, praying that their Saviour would baptize them with the Holy Ghost and fire. .As soon as the last one was baptized, Colonel Chang at the organ with his choir started a verse of "0 happy day that fixed my choice oli Thee, my Saviour and my God". As each squad was baptized, it was the same, or varied by "Oh, come to my heart, Lord Jesus; there is room in my heart for Thee." Three times during the baptismal service the General knelt on the platform and poured out his heart in prayer for his men, even to tears. , It was a busy day, for we began the officers' prayer meeting at 6 :30 a. m. At seven, we had the first main meeting; and at its (llose we' had breakfast. Then at 10 a. m. we had our second main meeting. As soon as that closed, we began to examine the candi- dates for baptism. Along with the General and a Chinese evangelist, I examined 39 officers; and Mr. Caswell, along with a Colonel and a Chinese evangelist, examined the non-commissioned officers and men. W1e spent three hours at the examination, and then com- menced the baptismal service which lasted two and a half hours.

The General and his men only take two meals a day, so he had our second meal prepared to eat on the launch as we journeyed down the river to Ch 'ang-te-fu at about 5 0 'clock.

Next day, at Ch'ang-te-fu, I baptized 232 officers and non- commissioned officers. The conduct of the service was the same as at Tao-Yuan. At the close, I said, "Now, men, you have confessed the Lord Jesus Christ by baptism. Suppose persecution again broke out as in 1900. I have on my body the marks of Boxer swords, and many of your countrymen died for Jesus that year.

If such persecution as that arose, would you slink off quietly and not own your Saviour ¥"

We can never forget that mighty response, when hundreds shouted, "Never! We will die for Him."

Whereunto will this thing grow~ Among 9,000 soldiers there are 1",000 already baptized; and of them three-fourths are leaders.

A missionary told me that several months ago he baptized 89 .o.1Iicers. There was one among them, a captain, who ra8s~d SQ

poorly in his examination that he hesitated about receiving lrim. Since then that officer has won sixty of his men to the Lord.

The people of Hunan see Christianity in operation around them, and that from the most unlikely source, the soldiers. The chief women of the city are asking to be allowed to attend the school for officers' wives. All fear of the northern soldiers has vanished, and the people wish the General might rule over the whole Province.

The General '8 wife was formerly very fond of gambling, and was glad to have a few provinces separating her from her husband. He sent for her, and she came and had to give up her evil ways, at least outwardly. She chafed under it but now seems converted. One evening she came with her husband to supper at Mr. Caswell's. The General was telling us how fierce and exacting his temper was before the Lord got control of his life. He said if his wife came and put down a cup of tea over carefully he found fault and scolded her, and if she put it down carelessly he reviled and beat her. Then looking across the table at her, he asked, "Have I ever reviled or beaten you since the Lord got controU"

She replied, "No, certainly not."

Every morning we had a prayer meeting with the Gen~ral and his principal officers. Once the subject was Matt. 18 :19 and 20. I put the question, "Brethren, what is the deepest desire of your hearts 7 Please state them before we go to prayer."

The General said, "My greatest wish before God is that every one of my nine thousand men may turn to the Lord." Colonel Lu said, "Mine is that we may have grace given us to live lives so genuine that we will commend this salvation of the Lord Jesus to all men." Colonel Li said, "That not only all China, but all the world, may accept Christ." Colonel Chang said, l' That God may use our brigade to convert all the soldiers of China." And so on did the requests come in. Then the General and the three Colonels, among others, led in prayer.

It is said that a few months ago orders came to attack the southern party, but Generals Feng and Wu refused, saying, "We are ready to go and attack the enemies of our country, the Japanese; but we will not kill our Chinese brothers."

May unceasing prayer go up for General Feng and his men, and for General Wu and his men too; for it seems as if the Saviour's ideal in John 7 :37-39 is being attained among these soldiers. A river of the Water of Life with flood tide volqme i~ flowing there. Give thanks and take ~'ijrage.

from Medical

GLOWING NEEDLES ..

Three of four weeks after Miss Laurie, our new nurse, arrived in Shanghai, she received an enthusiastic note from Therese, a young French girl she had met on the steamer, inviting us to din- ner. Therese had come out to be married but did not like the man, and had found a position to teach in one of the schools in French- town. The princ1pal, a rich widow, had taken a great fancy to her and had invited her to live with her.

When we entered the salon we found Madame Rounger sur- rounded by the other guests. She was a handsome woman of prepossessing appearance, attractively dressed in black. As soon as the introductions were over, she drew me aside.

"Therese says you are a physician, though it is hard to be- lieve. You look about eighteen. Nevertheless she assures me it is so. Pray forgive me if I trouble you. Just a moment ago my table boy came to me in great consternation saying that his only son was having a convulsion. I ordered him to immerse the child at once in a hot mustard bath. May I beg you to come to see him 1 I shall feel more comfortable through dinner."

"Certainly, " I answered, "I shall be very glad to see the child." Madame Rounger e~C'used herself from her guests and led me- through the back hall along a covered corridor, to the semi- detached servants' quarters in the rear. On the second floor the doors of a row of cell-like rooms opened upon a narrow porch. j1–rom the corner room came the sound of cnfused and excited talk. The small space was crowded with jabbering women and hoys. The sick child, a boy about ten, had just been taken out of the mustard bath and put to bed. "Let us turn they all out but his mother," I insisted. "1'he child must be kept quiet. " Madame Rounger and I pushed the women out by their shoulders. Ve got them as far as the doorway where they massed them- selves, following my every motion with their beady, curious eyes, as I made a quick examination of the child. Madame Rounger was able to supply me with the simple remedies that were needed, and after half an hour's work, I left the child sleeping quietly. As Madame and I left the room the Chinese squeezed in behind us . like an irresistible tide of water, eddying and flooding the land.

–;:S;i;ted by Miss Belle M. Brain and condensed and adapted from HMy Chinese Days/' by Gulieltna F. Alsop. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. 1918.

The dinner was delicioulil and afterwards we scattered through the wide salon to drink our coffee. Suddenly a shrill scream startled us. I sprang to my feet.

"The little boy," I cried and ran from the room.

Scream after scream filled the air, the wild, terrified scream- ing of a child in sharp pain. I ran quickly along the corirdor and up the stairs. The door of the child's room was blocked with fig- ures. I pounded at the shoulders of the nearest and pushed at them till they moved aside and let me pass. For half a moment, frozen with horror, I'paused on the threshold.

The child, naked, was lashed to the bed with his arms out- stretched along the footboard. His head was thrown back, and his eyes glared wildly at the people. Trickles of blood were run- ning down the calves of his legs and dripping from his forearms.

In the air was the nauseous odor of burnt Besh. An old priest in a hideously dirty robe sprang up from the Boor and thrust a red-hot needle through the child's leg. The boy writhed and screamed with pain.

I ran to him and jerked the burning needle out of his Besh and began pulling out the other needles that were stuck at random in his arms and legs. The Chinese behind me pulled a,t me and tried to catch my hands. The old priest broke into a torrent of threats and insults. The needles I had plucked out still glowed, red-hot, on the Boor. I faced the Chinese angrily. They began to remember that I was a foreigner within the settlement, and they only toler- ated aliens. One by one they slunk awal till only the priest was left bending over the charcoal fire, muttering maledictions on the white woman. I cut the thongs and loosed the child. He seemed to know that I was his deliverer, for he clung to me in frantic terror, sobbing and screaming.

Madame Rounger appeared in the doorway. She turned out the old priest without ceremony and scolded her servants energetically.

"You shall go if you have any more of your heathen practices in my house," she said. "How often have I told you you cannot do such things. Yon are not fit to have a child. "

"But, Madame," stammered the terrified servant, "the devil have catchee my son. Must makee drive away. No can lose one only son. Must makee drive away, must piercee with burning needles.

No can help. Mustdo."

The Chinaman began to cry. He was torn between a thousand fears of the evil spirits, of the strange white woman, of the burning needles. I soothed the child whose sleek little black head lay trust- ingly against my shoulder and felt that nothing could make me give up my work in China.

Methods for Christian American·

ization EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 45 W. 18TH STREET, NEW YORK CITY AMERICANIZATION NOT ENOUGH was the problem. It has come to be a fairly well established principle Howard R. Gold that the way to the heart of a new OF LATE there is abroad in American is through his native America a great hue and cry, "Americanized" brother. So it was the gist of which is variously inter- Dr. Zahnizer's custom to travel with preted, but most often in the term a staff of foreign-born speakers, Rus- "Americanization." The churches go sian, Polish, Slovak, Italian, etc., a bit further, calling for "Christian first himself addressing a composite Americanization" in no uncertain audience and later separating the voice, and backing the demand for meeting into racial groups, each to the fruitful experience of genera- be addressed in its native tongue tions. As a sort of liasion officer by one of the staff. As Chairman between the Interchurch World of the general meeting he usually Movement and the Home Missions chose the factory physician, as a Council I combine field research man enjoying the confidence of both for new programming with observa- employers and employees. tions of on-going- work of the The Russian speaker, Mr. ~os. churches. Let rile illustrate the car- Wellenteichek, experienced the JOY dinal methods by which we maJ' hope sn one occasion of concrete testito "Christianize America" by per- mony to the value of the rallies. sonal observation, learned through .The red flag was figuratively unletters, or obtained by an assistant furled in his meeting when two Russlipping away from the office for a sians, whom the mill doctor branded visit to those who have chosen the as the worst in' town, opposed to better part and are busy with folks Government and absolutely violent, instead of things. made several attempts to interrupt ON THE TRAIL WITH PROPAGANDA and challenge him. Finally he Take the' platform publicity cam- quieted them by a promise to answer paign-actively engaged in by the any questions they had or listen to Church, and with tangible results. anything they had to say when· he Dr. C. R. Zahnizer, Secretary of had finished his address, if they the Pittsburgh Council of the would hear him through. As he Churches of Christ, last summer went on the men were much imconducted "Reconstruction Rallies" pressed because a representative of in towns about Pittsburgh, address- the churches in Pittsburgh was talking foreign-speaking audiences from ing· to them just as if he was one the factories and industries, and of them. In Russia they had been preceding his advent with a variety accustomed only to be given orders of posters and bulIetins. or to be addressed roughly by the priests and churchmen. There came to the leaders of the meeting that gathered in response to When the meeting was over, some twenty men remained for discussion, such invitations a feeling at once of among them the two extremists. inspiration and respon~ibility. To There was a free exchange of quessatisfy the longing and the ques- tions and views and then suddenly tioning in those hundreds of alien Dr. Zahnizer, waiting in the offing faces-that was the appeal. To lead with the factory doctor, found himtheir aspirations and their thinking into constructive channels-there 291

self gripping hands with humbled their life. In the second instance anarchy' and listening to broken Eng- we try to bring about Americanizalish that was sweet to a weary ear: tion along Christian lines." "We think you right. Law way is He sends a program of their best way. No good come by the weekly activities. They are numerviolence. When Mr. Wellenteichek ous and varied in character: Roumanian prayer meeting come again we get big crowd to Boys' Club hear him speak." The physician Women's sewing class turned to Dr. Zahnizer and said, The Kahoindor Club, girls 12 to 16 "This is the most remarkable thing Boy Scouts Troop, No. 6 I have witnessed in many a day. Workers' Conference We were afraid of these men. If Mothers' meeting Day Nursery your meeting has done nothing else Free clinics than to get just that acknowledg- Personal interviews ment from them, it has been a won- Negro Girls' Sewing Class derful success." Children's happy hour Negro Scouts Pansy Club, girls SOWING THE SEED OF RIGHT Hungarian prayer meeting LIVING Industrial School for boys and girls Popular patriotic meetings It is to this type of responsive Community singing foreigner that the Gospel can be Legal aid department.

brought and brought effectively. He Here is a word from Mr. Rollo is a dangerous man only because he Speer: is a thinking man. Weeds and "In the Boys' clubs I am stress- flowers will spring from the same ing the matter of clean living, work- soil. In this connection the church ing in connection with the Anti- neighQorhood center is a veritable Cigarette League. The boys are hot-house of good citizens and given a pin which designates them as Christian Americans. Practically all boys who are putting up a fight for of the larger Protestant denomina-· right living and they respect that but- tions are engaged in definite social ton."

service work radiating from the "In the girls' clubs the women neighborhood house. The Katherine workers are teaching better living by House of Christian Fellowship, a means of the neatness and cleanli- newly-developed Baptist "Christian ness with which they do their sew- Center" in Indiana Harbor, is one ing."

of many similar institutions, but it is "The men are learning to· come to typical and it is already productive. us with many personal and business * * * In the heart of a population that is matters to talk over. In this way 82 per cent negro and foreign-born, one has an opportunity to – * * * it serves at least twelve races-Ar- help in shaping their lives."

menian, Croatian, Greek, Rouma- "A legal aid department nian, Slovak, Spanish, Swedish, is helping with such matters as do Swiss, Mexican, Polish, Serbian and not require the attention of an attor- Lithuanian. ney and often keeping the people Rev. Rollo C. Speer, Director of out of the clutches of unscrupulous Men and Boys' Work, succinctly lawyers who rob them unmercifully."

states the· general formula for the From his English classes Mr.

work: "The nature of our work can Speer has sent this story. Note his be summed up in the phrase 'Chris- thought on sounding the religious tian Social Service and Americani- note in this work.

zation.' Our aim is in the first in- "In our English classes we use stance to be friends with our immi- avowedly Christian material and grant neighbors and enter as largely make no apology for it. I have as we may into their problems and found Mrs. Mary Barnes' book

BEST METHODS

'Early Stories and Songs' very help- . there are now five of these: centers ful for beginners and the books of in Newark and the Fresbyterians Dr. Peter Roberts good for more feel that they have just begun.

advanced work. 1 have found the This is a strictly denominational men glad to hear the finer things undertaking. The development of of life in connection with their Eng- one center is rather typical of the lish lessons. Tonight (am writing rest. First a Deaconess, a trained this at the close of a busy day) we social worker, undertook a tour of studied the meaning of the Golden investigation of a crowded Newark district. A real need for Christian Rule for our English lesson. In the latter half of the hour I had the men work being discovered, she set to compose some ofligi:nal sentences. work to find headquarters. The first floor of an old house was finally One of them, a young Croatian, rented at $13 a month and a sewing class started. Some thirty-five boys wrote these sentences as I am giving and girls, veritable hoodlooms, atthem to you. 1 make no apology tended subsequent classes and also the Sunday-school which was shortly for their faults. Of course they were inaugurated. Gradually families becorrected. came interested, the men asked for a "'A good man does not makes the trouble.

"'A kind man talks to you nice. "'Evil man is no good for nothing.

"'I would be thankful for a man who preaching service. Today there is does something good for me. in this district a regularly constituted " 'Jesus is merciful for us. church, with elders, deacons, deacon- .. 'We should be obey the taw. esses, a minister, an assistant, a .. 'It is no good for a man who have congregation of 150, a Sunday-school many children. of 200, and a building said to be the best for Italian work by Protest- .. 'We sbould pray God.' ants in the State of New Jersey. "1 wonder if one may read a The church workers are all foreign- born but English-speaking. Some goodly portion of the philosophy of financial support comes. from the Presbyterian Board, but in the mat-· their life from it! I think it is a ter of running expenses the church great misfortune to teach the full is self-governing, supported by the contributions of the members. At grown men English by means of the present the congregation is paying the interest on a $4,000 mortgage. silly books' too sochftoeonlsfou*nd*in *PubWliec School night The social service activities are in line with those conducted at the lose a golden opportunity if in those Katherine House, and similar de- days when the new light of the Eng- lish language breaks on them we do not give them the thing which has made the English language the great force it is, the religion of Jesus Christ."

A CHURCH EXTENSION PROJECT nominational institutions, and are From Newark, New Jersey, where quite as extensive. The distinction 75% of the population is foreign- would seem to be that where these born, comes a clear echo to this ring- houses serve a community socially ing conviction. Here, ten years ago, and accept as the fruits of their the Presbyterians launched a plan labor general community betterment for work among immigrants, which or single instances of conversion the scorns to shirk the religious duties "Friendly Centers" are primarily for involved. Distinctive as a type of organizing a church carrying their combined friendly visiting" social social work simply as a part of the service and straight church work, it church program. Thus three of goes bv a name which established its the five centers have already devel- success from the outset. Who would oped into churches and a fourth is not warm to a "Friendly Center"? well alonK the same road. .

Apparently the appeal is strong, for The "Friendly Centers" are the

children of Dr. Davis W. Lusk, value of the personal touch cannot Superintendent of the Presbytery of be over-estimated. To "love thy Newark, and he is frankly and cour- neighbor" is the point, and it is good ageously for the Christian approach to see Christian people on all sides to the new American. The Friendly rise to meet a Christian obligation. Centers are religious centers and the people are made to understand this. There is a pastor's wife "up state" The great social work which is done whose work with a young Persian is only added testimony to the power family bears convincing testimony of Christianity to meet the social to the weight of individual influence. need. He is in favor of such a pol- "Seven years ago," she writes, "on icy as against that of the ordinary settlement house which excludes re- our return from our summer vacaligion. He does not agree with the tion, a Persian woman twenty-two idea that to do successful work with years old came to our home. She the foreign-born the Church must had been married about six months. submerge itself. He recognizes the Her husband had worked near New fact that every agency for uplift York, but they had decided to come does some good, but he is "out for to our city. He had no occupation the best." in mind and they were very poor. He had been a mason and bricklayer And he adds his voice with all in Persia. He spoke but little Engpossible emphasis to the multitude lish. He had never been able to of cries already raised for efficient read or write in Persian. He was leadership-for MEN and WOMEN willing, strong, honest and temperof a personality that WINS. Hap- ate. The wife was a very bright pily he is very definite on the ele- young woman. She had been eduments of such a personality-char- cated and could read and write in acter, initiative, judgment, full sym- Persian, Turkish and Arabic." Here pathy with the new Americans (im- was good material, needing only a plying knowledge of background, capable and sympathetic hand to so antecedents and racial prejudices), weave it in the warp and woof of and, not least of all, an appearance the nation that it might become a and manner that is prepossessing and strength rather than a weakness. lovable. He looks upon such leader- The wife was not strong, the husship as the most important single band lacked the education to hold his factor in the success of the work. ground, there was danger that the children that· came could not be WINNING A PERSIAN FAMll,y properly cared for. There were long The question of personality brings periods of anxiety, unemployment us to the very crux of the whole and want. But for seven years their matter. In the field of Christian good friend, the pastor's wife, stood Americanization, as in every other by, and in the name of "friend" sphere of endeavor, Christianity puts taught the young wife English, the responsibility squarely upon the helped the husband to get employindividual. Group achievement of- ment, kept the couple sheltered and fers no refuge to the slacker. The fed, and was their continual refuge whole is no better than anyone of in times of perplexity and trouble. its parts and no group work can They are now living in Connecticut. ever be effective that is not backed by whole-hearted service from On Thanksgiving Day the pastor's every man and woman engaged in it. wife received a postal card from the The problem of Americanization is mother, saying they were all well of national magnitude and can never .3.nd were prospering. come to final success until it has the active support of every citizen. The A closing word f rom this same Christian neighbor reveals the snares along the road of assimilation, bid- ding us walk the path with open

BEST METHODS

eyes and a helping hand continually beginning the work grew until the outstretchec;l in fellowship: dozen pupils have grown into hun- "Christian people in America are dreds. The girls have married and more interested in foreign missions formed new families. During the in Persia than they are in missions years many have moved away but'

for Persians in America. To be a I never forget any of the many hun- good, faithful friend here to these dreds and try to keep in touch with foreigners is not as agreeable nor as them as far as possible. Every dear easy as to give a small sum of money little baby that comes into the home for foreign missionary work. In of one of my girls is brought to me this way one's conscience is soothed by the proud parents who say: 'Miss and the small effort expended costs Rau, let him be yours as we were very little in personal service. If yours. Teach him the same way.'

we ever succeed in reaching these Almost every Sunday a dear grand- foreign people we must be friends mother waits with her children that and wise counselors and patient I may kiss them and pray for God's workers, or the work of Americani- richest blessing on them for the zation will never be properly done." week. I have my fourth generation of Christians now in our church- }<'ROM MULBERRY STREET TO THE the Franklin Avenue Italian Presby- ENDS OF THE EARTH terian Church. Not long ago a fine Twenty-seven years ago Miss looking man came to an evening Anita Rau was ill. The cause of meeting, together with a beautiful her illness was not a germ, neither girl of another church where fifteen was it a fall nor a fracture. Her years ago I worked as a missionary. illness was the result of a visit. For He said playfully: 'Miss Rau, please the first time in her life Miss Rau pull my ears again just as you used had been taken to see the slums of to when I was in mischief. This Mulberry Street, New York. She time I have carried off one of your could not throw off the impression girls but I promise to make her made by the conditions in which men happy.' Now they have gone to and women and little children lived Michigan where they have a beautiin those congested quarters with the ful home which is another Christian passing exclamation of the sight- center. seer who goes a-slumming-HOh, "These spiritual children of mine isn't it dreadful!" She went home and was so ill from the shock of have gone out into all parts of the world-hundreds of them-and lam what she had seen that she had to happy no matter how long nor how go to bed. While lying on her back hard the day. The key to success with those pictures constantly before in reaching the Italians and other her the call came to her, "It is not foreign-born people in our great for you to mourn and lament con- , cities is real love for each individual, ditions, yours is the opportunity to coupled with constant activity in inget up and help right the wrong." terpreting this love in our every day So she arose and faced the task and living with them."

met the opportunity. METHODS ACTUALLY TESTED In telling her story Miss, Rau said: By Frank Ormall Beck "I placed myself under the instruction of the City Mission so that I Dr. Beck has done a great work as a Methodist might know how to do the work and pastor among new Americans inInCthcriccahguor~hHe is also in charge of the Survey in t-hat City reach the people who sadly needed Immigration has placed ' upon help. Then I began making gar- American institutions their severest ments for the class oJ twenty-five test. Noone of our institutions has Italian girls whom I had picked up been affected more than has the for my first class. From this little Christi-an Chqrch. 'Yet upon', 'the

Church rests a great responsibility men and children related themselves in Amerjcanizing the foreign-speak- directly and .personally with the ing .groups. . children and men and women who The World War tested the work spoke the foreign tongue. The Bo- of Americanization, and it was not hemian mother who had lived in found wanting. However, racial America twenty-five years without consciousness was emphasized during coming in direct contact with the this international conflict, and the family life of America was invited task presented to the Church today into the American home. The is a new one. American girl shared the social life The following method has been of ·her home with her Greek girl tested: classmate. The Italian Clergyman (1) The Church became ac- who had ministered to his people for quainted with the foreigner. This ten years received his first invitation acqataintance could only be secured to dine in the home of his Englishby visits into their homes. Women speaking fellow pastor.

had to do the major part of this, for Thus the Church learns that the they can more effectually (break attitude of a foreign-speaking group through the natural reserve. Meet- is but a reflex of our attitude toward ings for mutual understanding and them. It is just as necessary that we appreciation were held, for it was help them to understand us as that just as necessary for mutual under- we make every effort to understand standing that the American know the them.

* * * place of Garibaldi in the Italian's life as that the Italian understand BAPTIST AMERICANIZATION WORK the place of Washington in the By Alice T. Anderson American's life. The members of the Board of (2). The Church defended the for- Education of Akron, Ohio, cooperate eigner. The foreigner has been ex- with the Baptists in their. work ploited beyond the knowledge of the among the Roumanians, for they are general public. They have been anxious to be of service to the for- pawns on the chess board of Ameri- eign-speaking men and women.

can selfishness. They send teachers to help in the They err often through ignorance classes organized. Their interest in- of the law. Ignorance of the law is cludes any class started in. a school- found to be a cause of many of their house, factory: church or private offenses. home.

The Church furnished volunteer * * '" workers to aid such ignorant law- Fifty-three pupils were taught durbreakers. At the bar of justice they ing the month of De-~mberin· the interpreted to the judge the inner English department of the Japanese facts gathered through this close ac- Women's Home of Seattle, Vashing- quaintance. In this ministry, Ameri- ton. It is reported that this is the can Christianity was· interpreted to only English school in Seattle.· that them as Sincerity and Justice. has translation teachers. The mem- Against all forms of exploitation bers of the English classes are in- the Church protested. This it did vited to attend the Adult English most effectually by teaching the for- Bible class held at the center on * * eigner the points at which he is Sunday afternoons. most liable to be the victim of de- >Ie.

signing selfishness. In the Polish classes condueted in (3) The Church recognized the connection with one of the Baptist hqnger for broth,erhood. Here it missions of Buffalo, New York, were fo~nd opportllnity for establishing both Catholics and Jews, coming to d~nite personal r~atio1.~hips with. the church building and getting on forej~-speaking people. Men, WQ- friendly terms with the church melll-

BEST METHODS

bers. Thus prejudice was broken heart and life were filled with the Spirit of Christ and she sought on down. every occasion to interpret His life and teaching. As far as I have been *** able to ascertain, nearly all of the group of fourteen or fifteen girls CONVINCING THE JEWS have been won definitely for Christ, and a number of them are now en- By Henry L. Hellyer gaged in active service for Him. Everyone who has made an open Jewish Missionary of the Presbyterian stand has had to drink the bitter cup of suffering and persecution. Sim- Board of Home Missions ple Christian life and Christian kind- ness led to their conversion. There is perhaps no more difficult problem conf ronting the Church of Another experience will indicate Christ today than the problem at what a change the reading of the finding a proper method of approach New Testament made in the life of a to the Jewish mind and heart with young Jewish lad. the Gospel of Christ. Protestant America faces the task of evangeliz- I was asked to make the acquaint- ing 3,500,000 .of its Jewish citizens. ance of a Jewish newsboy and seek, Can it be done? if possible, to influence him for Christ. I learned he had been Many and varied have been the at- shifted to another location and ques- tempts. But so far they have been tioned .another Jewish lad concerning only individual and sporadic efforts. his whereabouts. When this second boy surmised that I wished to speak Perhaps a little more light may to his companion about Christ he behelp clear away some of the difficul- gan to use most abusive and obscene ties that are apparently in the way. Christians must once for all learn at language, calling Christ by all kinds least three things about the Jew. of unmentionable names. N otbing First, that centuries of bitter persecu- could calm him for he had no undertion on the part of Christendom has standing of the blessed Christ. led this people to identify basic Christian teaching with anti-semitism The following Sunday the lad and with Jew beating. Second, mod- whom I had sought was on duty on ern Judaism, in almost all of its this particular corner. When he forms, is not the Judaism of the Old learned of what happened the pre- Testament prophets. (Especially is this true of the Tudaism as univer- vious week his comely face became sally practiced by orthodox or Rabbinic Jews:) And, third, the Jew, in sad and he said simply: "He cerspite of his wonderful attainment tainly does not know. He never along many lines, is appallingly ig- read this little book (pointing to a norant of the simple contents of the small New Testament that he had New Testament. He has a totally taken out from his inside pocket). wrong notion of what the New Tes- If he had only read it, as I have tament teaches or what its basic prin- tried again and again to get him to ciples are. do, he wouldn't have such foolish The following experience will sug- ideas about it or about Jesus. He gest at least one simple method of certainly would not call Jesus by approach. such foul names."

A numb~r of years ago a conse- There is the difference! This lad crated Christian young woman as- has come in contact with Christ sumed the responsibility of guiding through the reading of the New Tesand supervising a club of Jewish tament. Christian, think on these girls in a mission located near the things! Give Christ a chance. Give ghetto. Her task was to teach them Him a chance to get in touch with sewing, knitting, cooking and the the Jewish boys and girls of Amerlike. There was nothing peculiarly ica. They need Him! religious, much less Christian, about her job, but this' young woman's

Woman's Foreign Mission

Edited by MRS. WILLIAM H. FARMJ;;R, Montclair, N. J.

THE WASHINGTON CONFERENCE Christian allegiance in terms of World The first National Conference of Citizenship. Church Women in the history of the Two hundred and eighty of them, world met at Washington, D. C., on February 7th, 1920. It was called to- representing twenty-one denomina-· gether by the Women's Activities De- tions, heard and had visualized by partment of the Interchurch World means of stereopticon, maps and Movement which, because of haste and charts, the results of a world survey. urgency, issued its invitations by tele- The distressing and indefensible conse~ . grams, one signed for the Interchurch quences of lack of Protestant coopera- by Robert Lansing, Chairman of the tion were brought home, as was the ap- General Committee; John R. Mott, palling apathy of Christians, due large- Chairman of the Executive Committee; ly to ignorance of these conditions. S. Earl Taylor, Executive Secretary, and W. H. Foulkes, Vice-Chairman of Knowledge, then, was the first key- the Executive Committee; the other note of the conference, after which signed for the Women's Activities De- came Plan-of the Interchurch World partment by Mrs. Wm. H. Farmer, Movement-which provides for Power Director; Mrs. Fred Smith Bennett, in terms of money, lives and prayer. President of the Council of Women for Home Missions, and Mrs. William That the price of success must be Boyd, President of the Federation of paid in consecrated lives was brought Women's Boards of Foreign Missions. out in the address of welcome by Mrs. The Committee of Arrangements in- JosephUS Daniels.· She told of the boy cluded, in addition, Mrs. Woodrow who left home to fight in France, with Wilson, Mrs. Thomas R. Marshall, the words of his last cOJIlmunion ring- Mrs. Robert Lansing, Mrs. JosephUS ing in his ears. "This is my body and Daniels, Mrs. George W. Coleman, blood, broken for Thee." And one day when they brought him, shattered Miss Mabel Cratty, Mrs. E. C. Cronk, and torn, on a stretcher to a hospital, Mrs. Henry P. Davison, Mrs. William he murmured in his agony, "My body F. McDowell, Mrs. John R. Mott. Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, Mrs. Wallace and blood, Lord Jesus . . . offered Radcliffe, Mrs. Paul Raymond, Mrs. for Thee." John D. Rockefeller, Jr., Mrs. Finley Keeping the spiritual eyes of that .T. Shepard, Mrs. H. R. Steele and gathering fixed upon ·the vision, and correlating every speech to the task, Mrs. William A. Montgomery. was the Chairman, Mrs. Henry W . From the opening statement of the Peabody, of Beverly, Mass., the one American woman on the Edinburgh Chairman, at two o'colck on Saturday, Continuation Committee. February 7th, to the last sentence at the luncheon, two days later, the con- In exalting the purpose of the Inter- ference revealed itself as a body fully church World Movement, Mrs. Peaconscious of its historic place and re- body said: "While Congressmen are sponsibility. It was no casual conven- considering if we shall have a League tion of fluttering badges and gay greet- of Nations, we realize today.we have a ing. It was a solemn. radiant hour League of Churches which shall, withwhen the women of the Church of out yielding any distinctive power, Christ faced, and unitedly assumed, unite in making the world a Christian the heritage of the World War. And kingdom." they were women of world education, world view, world concern-broad- Dr. W. H. Foulkes, Vice-Chairman minded womev y'o interpret their of the Executive Committee, traced the origin of the Movement. It was humanly rather prosaic, he said, little groups of men and women getting tid- 298 ings from different parts of the world any other one subject. Sixteen out of and conferring in the several Iklard offices, until one day, a little over a His thirty-six parables have to do with year ago, 125 of these people convened for a day. "'!'he hour has come," said this, and one-sixth of the gospels deal that gathering, "when the whole Church must face the whole of hu- with this money test business. "When man need with the whole Christ." you realize," said he, "that the income That was the vision. After several days of work and prayer the findings of of Protestant Church members in that group were submitted to the six bodies represented, everyone of which America for the year 1918 was unanimously determined that the hour had come for the united advance of $10,000,000,000 and we have given, the Protestant forces in North America. There was not one dissenting word for all purposes, just one quarter of or vote. So the Movement was launched. one per cent of that amount, you will Dr. S. Earl Taylor, Executive Sec- see that there can be no real advance in retary of the Interchurch, spoke of the initial difficulties in learning to "play the Church of Christ"until the people the new game" together; of the doubt that existed in many minds until the get their income on the altar." "The great conference of January at Atlantic City. There 1750 church leaders Statistical Mirror," by Dr. W. B. Holadopted the program with unanimous voice. Then followed the Laymen's lingshead, "The American Survey," by Conference in Pittsburgh-laymen from thirty-five states, representing R. E. Diffendorfer, and "The Foreign every phase of business and professional life–where was launched one Survey," by Dr. Taylor, were appallof the outstanding features of the Movement-the Lay Activities side. ing revelations of Protestant short- "Now, Madam Chairman," said Dr. Taylor, "the third Conference that in- coming. spires me with hope for this Movement is the one just assembled. As a mere Miss Julia Lathrop, Director of the man I pause to say that from the standpoint of executive capacity, from the National Child Labor Bureau, prestandpoint of far-seeing statesmanship, from the standpoint of highly sented some disconcerting figures. A effective and well organized and de- quarter of a million preventable deaths veloped work, your work has ndt been of children under twelve months occur surpassed by any work in any part of the world; not only because of your annually in the United States. Six or leadership and what you have done at home and abroad, but because of what seven other nations are ahead of the you are in the home from the standpoint of child life." United States in care of children. New Dr. Cushman, Director of the De- Zealand infant mortality rate is just partment of Christian Stewardship, called attention to the fact that Jesus half that of the United States. In the has more to say about the relation between money and consecration, be- death rate of women in wchairl,dbfiorutrh~ tween possessions and life, than about America stood, before the teenth on the list. Our illiteracy rate is higher than at least six other na- tions and 7.7 per cent of our people cannot read nor write.

Dr. A. E. Cory, Director of the Field Department, outlined the organization of the Interchurch World Movement and its program for the 50,000,000 United States Protestant constituency upon whom rests the responsibility of reaching the one billion of the world's inhabitant., still in utter darkness.

Mrs. E. C. Cronk, of the same De- partment, explained the machinery by which will be reached "The Last Woman in the Last Church." Side by side with the men, the women will meet and train and speak, until every state and county and parish have been permeated with the knowledg-e of Christian responsibility and the in- spiration of the hour of opportunity.

"Our Task in America" was pre- sented by Mrs. Fred Smith Bennett,

"Americanization of our 30,000,000 Activities Department, followed with immigrants ,is not enough," she said. an inspirational address on "The Hour It must be Christian Americanization, of Christian Opportunity." and it must be undertaken with the realization that we ourselves are immi- Address by Miss Chu of China grants. In New Yark City but seven per cent of the population are iden- One of the unfortunate words that tified with evangelical churches, and were added to my English vocabulary only one-third of the 750,000 school was the word, "denomination." When children are receiving any sort of re- I was in China I did not know what "denomination" meant at all. I prized ligious instruction. the name "Interchurch," because church to me stood for the house of That three-fourths of the women of God where the life of Jesus Christ was the world are illiterate, as a result of told, the principles of God were taught, the woman-degrading religions of Ori- and from which the source of moral ental conntries, was the opening state- strength sprang. Church denominament of Mrs. William A. Montgomery tions are not only a puzzle to me, but in outlining our foreign task That they are a puzzle to many Chinese Christ, the Emancipator of women and students, whether Christians or nonlittle children, should not be joyously Christians. Up to now, and after havacknowledged in this fair land of ours ing given full credit to Luther, Calvin, -that woman who has here the pro- Wesley, and whoever the founders of tection which Christ has thrown around denominations may be, I still can not her, should remain worldly, unlovely, see the u~e of having different church selfish, parasitic, is a spectacle to make denominations. Forgive my frankthe demons laugh it is so hideous. ness, but I all) sure you want me to say what I think. But I believe in the ab- Inspiring examples of the results al- solute necessity of a united Church ready achieved in this line were the of God. two-minute addresses of eight young women who had been trained in mis- The thing that induced me to accept sion schools. Mrs. Motak spoke for the invitation'to come to you without the Czecho-Slovak women, Miss Mar- hesitation was the combination of the agelia for the Italians, Miss Yeghan- sight, sound, and meaning of the word, ian for the Armenians, Mrs. Baes for "Interchurch." I said to myself, "Now the Spanish, Miss Meek for the North I have a chance to present this prob- American Indian, Madam Tawada for lem." After the Des Moines Student the women of Japan, Senorita Rayner Volunteer Convention, one of the nonfor Mexico and Miss Chu for China. Christian Chinese students was greatly Mrs. Robert E. Lansing expressed to moved. This student, though not a the conference her pleasure at being a Christian by name, believed in prayer, delegate and her deep sympathy with read the Bible, and finds therein inthe Movement. Mr. A. M. Dulles, of spiration and help; with all her earnest- Auburn, N. Y., President Womerr's ness she still feels that she is an out- Educational and Industrial Union, and sider without being publicly recognized a sister of Mrs. Lansing, made a plea as a member of the Church, but she for that same spirit in the work for does not care to join the Episcopalian Jesus Christ that had animated war or the Methodist or the Baptist work for our country, with all bar- Church. What she wants to join is the united Church of God based on riers swept away. the principles and teachings of Jesus "The Hour of Living Faith" was the Christ, not of any religious sect; since there is not such a Church, the quessubject chosen by Mrs. Farmer in the tion is, would you forc·e her to join last devotional period, to emphasize the Episcopalian or the Methodist or the only means by which the world the Baptist or whatever the denomburden could be shouldered and car- ination would be? I shall appreciate ried.

Dr. D. A. Poling, of the Laymen's

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

an answer from you either in person Physically, she needs to have an or through your message to my friend, organized nation-wide health moveor through writing, and I will surely ment, to attend to public sanitation, convey your message to my friend. and tQ preach personal hygiene. She needs more doctors, surgeons, nurses, I am sent here particularly to tell hospitals, and clinics of all kinds. She you the need of China. Why has needs free gymnasiums, parks and China appealed to America? There playgrounds for the recreation of both must be some reasons to justify China's adults and children. cry for help. There are two altematives~ Either China is so aged that she Mentally, she needs more schools, has a right to claim the protection and colleges, universities, laboratories, muattention of the younger generation, or seums, botanical gardens, zoological China is so young that she must have parks, good picture shows, good the guidance and help of her older dramas, new music. brother. According to human law, the weak old grandfather has to be taken Morally, she needs to be rid of the care of by his sons and grandchildren, corrupt officials, the habits of laziness, while the little sister must be guided by indifference and irresponsibility. her elder brother. China can be regarded as either old or young, but we Religiously she needs the united prefer to think of her as the young Church of God in which her sons and China, for the young China suggests a daughters can have common worship new republic. and individual consecration, and from which unlimited strength and power Republic means democracy, and de- can be drawn. mocracy means individual thinking and individual participation; and indi- China's great need is for both men vidual thinking and participation and women leaders and teachers who mean growth and progress. are well equipped with physical ener- gy, mental abilities, and spiritual Another point must be made clear power, the power of God. about big Brother Sam and little nineyear sister China. When a big brother Big brother Sam, your little sister helps his little sister in her school China is grateful to you for your past studies, it does not mean that the little sacrifice, but she still needs your physisister does not have to work hard her- cal, mental, moral, and religious guidself. She has got to work hard, or else ance. Have patience, brother, little the guidance and help of the big broth- sister China will work hard, and beer would be of no avail. Here are fore long you will find that your some of the needs of your little sister brotherly worries and efforts for China: guiding your little sister have not been spent in vain. Politically, she needs more time for self-adjustment without the interfer- MESSAGES SENT BY SISTER COLence of foreign aggression. LEGES TO THE STUDENT GATHER- Economically, she still needs to have adequate le'ans for opening up her re- ING AT BOSTON, NOVEMBER, 1919. sources, for extending her railways, and for increasing her industries. Ginling College, Nanking, China. To the College Girls of America: Socially, she needs to throwaway her injurious superstitious beliefs, her College girls in China are more harmful customs, such as the subor- like you than they are like the girls in China who have been shut dination of women, and the compul- out from the abundant life of. the sory marriage system. She needs to spirit which Christ gives to wom- an. "There is neither East nor be purged from the habit of using in- West" in this life. All the little toxicants such as opium, cigarettes, differences in dress and customs and alcoholic drinks, no matter add only richness like the colors of whether they are native or foreign a sunset,-make you more interproducts. esting to them and they to you. They begin the day and you take

it up as they seek rest. May the der the same Master Teacher.

common purpose to serve the one . But when we graduate, we go Master bind the college girls of .out to face problems such, we are the world into a never-resting force told, as have no parallel in Amer- which shall be felt like the sun- ica.

light in all the dark corners of the We therefore need your fellow- earth. Matilda C. Thurston, Pres. ship, and with its help we pledge * '" '" Madras, India. you a new India. You already have our love and devotion for The .one hundred students in our what you have done for India's Woman's Christian College, Ma- women and girls. You set the dras, India, send greetings rto the College bells ringing their mes- Students in America. sage of the Kingdom of God. Help "It has remained for the grad- us a little longer till we can help uates of our American Colleges to ourselves. .

bring to these daughters of India Yours in comradeship of service an enthusiasm for the great, new for the generation to which we learning of our time and it is receiv- belong.

ing a hearty welcome." The Students We wish you to have God's These mess*age*s ar*e from our own blessing on your meeting, and we shall pray that great good may be church schools which are doing col- lege work. gained from it. .

*** Foochow, China, October 23, 1919. Woman's Christian Union College, Tokyo, Japan. "Students Hour, Romans Ten To the young women garthered. Fourteen,… F.i.fte*en, Come."

in fellowship to celebrate the J ubi- lee Year of the Woman's Mission- Hua Uang, Seoul, Korea; ary Society of the Methodist We, the students of Ewha Hak- Church in America,'we the Chris- tang send greetings to the College tian students of the Woman's girls of America. We .have heard Christian Union College in Japan, of your beautiful College buildings send hearty greetirigs, sincere con- and equipment, furnishing such gratulations and hear-tful thanks. wonderful opportunirties to girls.

We realize that we are ourselves vVe feel sure that out of so many to some extent the product of the thousands there are some who, work begun fifty years ago, and it preparing for service, are inter- is our earnest purpose to carryon ested in the girls of Korea. We this work, and help forward, as need you to help us into the same you have done, the establishment light and liberty American women of His Kingdom who is the Prince enjoy. For you we are especially of Peace and the Brother of us praying and eagerly await your all, of every clime and race. cominl!'. Do not disappoint us.

Shige Namba. To the Young Women of the Mis- *** sionary Society in Boston assem- Isabella Thoburn College, India. bled, Greetings: Lucknow, September 1919. "Kwassui" extends her hand Dear Fellow Students: across sea and land in loving as- In this great school-house of the surance of oneness in aim and world we are all students together united effort for the salvation of though in· different class-rooms. our country, for Christ.

We study different text-books, but Join us in prayer that this may we learn the same truths. Our in- be speedily achieved.

structors are many but we are un- Elizabeth Russell.

FROM MANY

INDIA Evangelistic work has been done con- tinually, and has borne fruit. Telngu Mission Conference Homes are found for orphans in Christian families; girls and women THE American Baptist Telugu have been rescued from lives of sin; Mission met in Conference at child wives are sent to school and Ongole December 17-23. In the dis- withal, many women are reading the cussion concerning the Ramapatnam Bible and trusting God in the s<:;clu- Theological Seminary it was agreed sion of their homes. that candidates for the ministry should have one year's preliminary At present, the staff numbers nine training in evangelistic work before doctors, six assistant doctors, six entering the seminary. This will be staff nurses,· and eleven other helpers. a means of testing the adaptability of prospective candidates. The pro- .CHINA posal was also made to unite with the Canadian Baptist Mission in the es- Consecrated Wealth in China tablishment of a single Seminary to train students of both Mi"sions. I T IS surprising to find how many men of China have acquired great The ~ssner Mission wealth. In the port cities, especially those of the South like Foochow, AT THE sixth annual meeting of Amoy and Swatow, one finds palatial the National Missionary Council residences occupied by retired merof India, recently held at Lahore, the chants who have made their "pile" in grant of autonomy to the Gassner Manila, the Straits Settlement or by Mission Christians was approved. trade from their home ports. While An Advisory Board was also ap- many of these are using their money pointed to consist of five members, in a purely selfish way, an increasing one to be a Lutheran, another an number are contributing to education, Anglican and the remaining three to philanthropy and to religious work. be residents in Chota-Nagpur. This In Amoy a Chinese resident has Board will serve as an administrative given $3,000,000 for public education body in educational matters, as a in that section of Fukien. Although Board of Reference to the Trustees a non-Christian he is consulting with and as a medium of communication American and English missionaries with outside Christian bodies. as to the best application of this fund. Chang Po-ling, the head of an -Christian Patriot. Independent Christian high school for boys which enrolls more than 1,000 Ludhiana Medical College students, has already raised $750,000 out of a million dollar fund to or- A RETROSPECT of the past ganize a colIege department in the twenty-five years. in the Wo- school, and expects the whole sum men's Christian Medical College at to be contributed by the Chinese. So Ludhiana shows that sixty-one stu- thoroughly do the non-Christian dents have graduated in medicine, Chinese of Tientsin and Peking beand fifty-three as nurses, while more lieve in Chang Po-ling that they than one hundred and eighty have be- gladly support his work Chinese come certified midwives. business men are learning self-depen- dence and stewardsbip. During the eighteen years that the hospital has been open, the beds have C. H. Patton. increased to· 150. In-patients have numbered 24,309, operations 17,116 and visits to out-patients 789,819.

303

Worshipping a Rubbish Heap and finally consented to attend a meeting, where he, too, found new REV. HENRY FERGUSON of life in Christ. the China Inland Mission gives a glimpse of heathendom when he de- Christian Hotel for Business Men scri'bes a vast crowd of people outside of Chenyangkwan worshipping a CHRISTIAN pastors and leaden! rubbish heap. Someone had chanced of Shanghai have a plan under to discover that the earth was show- way to provide a respectable hotel ing "signs of divinity" at that iden- for Chinese merchants who come to tical spot and accordingly a shrine Shanghai. The idea is to safeguard had been erected. For days a steady Christian traders against the immorstream of people came and went, ality that abounds in many hotels, burning incense and paper money and to shield them from crooks. It and presenting their petitions. At is furthermore intended to assist in another village a crowd was ob- every kind of business, such as the served worshipping a 'bridge and purchase of home or foreign prodpraying for healing, the bridge hav- ucts, insurance, banking, etc., and to ing displayed "signs of divinity." serve as middleman between buyer and seller. The project will be Chinese Official and Christianity known as "The Chinese Christian Commercial Agency." GEO. CHIEN HSU, Chinese Min- lister of Justice in Canton, has Chinese Recorder. written a pamphlet on "Christianity and the Saving of the Nations," in Nanking Chnrch Sends Ont Missionary which he states his belief that democratic governments are built upon the THE fir;t missionary of the Nanprinciples of Christianity, and that in king Presbyterian Church is accordance with the principles of the Mrs. Lu. At a meeting of the Woteaching of Christ, a nation may with man's Executive Committee, a re- Christian motive intervene in the af- port was made of $100 received to fairs of another. He believes that establish outside missionary work, the dissolution of China is imminent, but the committee was at a loss to and states that militarism and autoc- know who could be sent. Mrs. racy are its chief enemies. If Chris- Lu, one of the local workers, arose' tianity gains the victory China will and 'said she had come to the meetcertainly be saved. ing to say she had felt for months the Lord had work for her else- Chinese Recorder. where, so the committee decided to send her to a needy district in Hu- A Chinese Christian's Triumph nan. Her salary is entirely pro- vided. A MISSIONARY in Tengchoufu tells of a Chinese woman who se- Another Opium Bonfire cretly stole out at her back gate, carrying her work with her, to study the PUBLIC attention should be di- "Jesus teaching" in the tent services. rected to the shipments of mor- After the third day she did not briqg phia into China from America in her straw braiding, but gave her contravention of American regulawhole attention to listening. Her tions, which forbid ships of Amerihusband awaited her return to give can registry carrying opium. Exher a sound beating, but she quietly portation of morphia from England said: "I get home in time to cook to China is forbidden, but it appears for you, and do al1 your work, why that America has not taken similar may I not learn about eternal joy? action. Recently, a stock of opium I have a Saviour pleading for me." and morphia, which had been seized, The husband was discerning enough was publicly burned outside the Temto see that her life was transformed, ple of Agriculture in Peking. Its value was $150,000.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

President Hsii Shih-Chang has ment for Christianity that cannot be given $2,000 to the International met and resisted. An American Anti-Opium Association, and Pre- teacher was employed in a secular mier Chin Yun-Peng $1,000. Other school in Japan with the understand- members of the Cabinet are also con- ing that he was not to mention Chris- tributing generously. tianity, but the silent influence of his Christian life was so profound that JAPAN-CHOSEN some forty of his pupils, unknown to Social Program for Japan him, made a covenant to abandon THE Japanese Advertiser, a lead- idolatry. Later, twenty-five of the ing English language newspaper forty entered a Christian school and of the Orient, reports the following some of this number became minis- resolutions adopted by the Japan ters of the Gospel among their own Methodist Church, concerning social people.

reform: "We reiterate our belief in total Never Heard of Christ S abstinence as the wise course for the EVEN Japanese girls from the Freshman class of a college in individual and in restrictive legisla- tion, leading to the complete prohi- Kyoto recently attended an "At * * * bition of the traffic in alcoholic Home" given by a Y. W. C. A. secdrinks. Japan cannot af- retary of that city. There was much ford, even on purely selfish grounds, surprise among the guests when some to have her manhood weakened and of the students produced Bibles and desolated by the liquor trade. began to ask questions. The sur- "We st<!nd for the protection of prise grew as the conversation pro- the family, by the single standard of gressed, for the questioners seemed purity, careful divorce laws, proper q~ite unable to understand the sim- regulation of marriage and proper plest statements.

housing, for such regulation of the Finally, the hostess asked how conditions of toil for women as shall many had studied the life of Christ.

safeguard the physical and moral Nobody had. "How many have habits of the community and for the ever heard about Christ at all?" she fullest possible development of every continued. One girl had heard a child, especially by the provision of very little. They had merely heard proper education and recreation, and that there was a new religion which by the abolition of child labor. was not presented in their college "We stand for a living wage as a course, and with the simple direct- minimum in every industry and for ness of the truth seeker after wis- the highest wage that each industry dom, had gone directly to the nearest can afford, and for the most equit- person who could explain it to them.

able division of the product of indus- try that can ultimately be devised. Reported Japanese Reforms "We call upon our members as em- JAPANESE statesmen acknowledge ployers and wage earners to carry that the harsh policy of their govout these principles that brotherhood ernment toward Koreans has been a may be understood in economic life failure. They further acknowledge and truly Christian civilization may the necessity for reforms in the land be achieved. Thus shall Jesus Christ laws which have deprived the Kobe glorified and the Church serve reans of their property. Fifty-two mankind." Koreans were summoned before the Governor-General for conference, an The Christian Advocate.

Actions Louder than Words advisory council of Koreans was con- vened, and Protestant mission work- "LIVING epistles, known and read ers were asked to express their views of all men" furnish an argu- to the Governor-General. They reg-

istered a protest against cruelties. when their own children have a part Although it has been announced that in the program. flogging of prisoners will cease after April 1, 1920, this torture is still be- Vests for the Lepers ing inflicted. NOTHING is more acceptable to a Important reforms in school cur- leper than a good warm vest, ricula have been announced, as have rules discriminating in favor of Japa- and these are as acceptable to the nese officials in status and pay. It is stated that the Japanese government women as to the men. Dr. R. M. made substantial contributions toward rebuilding burned villages, Wilson, Kwangju, Korea, asks that while Japanese Christians raised considerable money toward restoring Sunday-schools undertake to collect Korean churches. old vests that hang unused in every Albertus Pieters. home and send to the Lepers' Home F'orward Movement ~n Korea at Kwangju. PERSECUTION and political un- rest in Korea is not stopping It would cost about $2.00 or more Christian work. The General Assembly of the Korean Presbyterian to have these warm vests made in Church, meeting in Pyengyang last October, decided to inaugurate a Korea. To buy the material and pay three years' "Forward Movement" campaign similar to the "New Era for the making would amount to Movement" of the Northern Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. and about ten dollars a vest in Korean the "Centenary Movement" of the Methodist Episcopal Church. A money. Ten vests, therefore, would committee of thirty-six, three from each Presbytery, was appointed by mean one hundred dollars' worth of the Assembly to direct this Forward Movement. comfort to the lepers.

The present year is to be largely About 300 lepers in all are cared one of preparation, followed by a year of evangelistic effort in every for in this home at a cost of about section of the country. The third year will be characterized by Sunday- $2.50 a month for each leper. . school development and young people's work. Anyone interested in rendering this Extension Sunday Schools worth while service of helping to A SPECIAL feature of the work keep the lepers warm can send the at Andong consists of Extension Sunday-schools for the children of bundle by parcel post, marked "Old non-Christian parents. Whenever the attendance at anyone place reaches Clothes-No Duty," to Dr. Wilson, 100, the children are allowed to hold a service in the city church at which Kwangju, Korea. time they have a program made up of songs, reciting memory verses, and MOSLEM LANDS telling the Gospel story. Many unbelieving mothers beam with pride Palestine and tbe Jews UNDER the lead of Zionist pro- moters, emigration agencies are being formed in Russia, Bukovina and Bessarabia to direct a movement of Jewish people toward their ancient Holy Land. Would-be Russian emi- grants are said to number already 600,- 000, although the Zionist Movement had scant support in Russia before the war. Many of these groups have started on foot. About 20,000 Jews are ready to leave Hungary, includ- ing men of scientific and technical training. Jews of Bulgaria have es- tablished a Palestine bank with capi- tal of 100,000,000 leva. Large num- bers of University students from Germany are on the way and five thousand families in Warsaw have registered. Even those lands with small Jewish popUlation, such as Cen-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

tral America, Mexico, Brazil, Chile, grades were asked to choose what Egypt and Venezuela, will send their kind of hand work they wanted. contingents to the homeward swarm- They were to consider three things ing. in making their choice-what would be worth learning for the sake The Arabs of Palestine and neigh- of future use, what could be used boring lands are up in arms against for the good of the school now, and the project, and a third angle of the what they really liked to do. All of whole question is the Pope's opposi- the seventh and eighth grade boys tion. He protests that none of the chose bookbinding, all of the boys of Holy places should be handed over to the sixth grade, carpentry and of the a people who rejected Christ. fifth grade, some chose drawing and some carpentry. Girls wanted dress- A Zionist printing establishment making, embroidery, drawing and has just started in Jerusalem, which typewriting. The last was denied as will employ a thousand workmen. requiring too expensive equipment. The bookbinding has proved most Turkey Loses Dardanenes successful, the oldest member of the senior class proving an excellent THE internationalization of the teacher for the other boys in his Dardanelles and the Bosphorus room. were definitely decided upon by the Allied Supreme Council in February. The Orient. A commission was appointed to decide upon the boundaries of Armenia, Training Center In Smyrna while other commissions were assigned the task of working out de- SMYRNA has been chosen as the tails for policing this international most suitable place for a Young territory. It was decided not to de- Women's Christian Association Servprive Turkey of Constantinople, but ice Center because of its collegiate this was not to be construed as mean- school for gil;ls, whose students are ing that the Allies would deal leni- well fitted for useful service among ently with Turkey, should the Ar- the stricken people of their own land. menian atrocities continue. As a re- The school has just enrolled eighteen sult circulars have been sent out Turkish girls. Thousands of Arby provincial authorities of the Otto- menian girls are being released by man Empire urging that attacks on government order from Turkish non-Moslems will prejudice the Pow- harems, and many are homeless, peners against Turkey. niless and v.¥thout knowledge of re- munerative work. Aside from the The Year at GOOlk Pasha School paramount necessity of teaching these helpless ones practical means of a THE Gedik Pasha School in Con- livelihood, they need to be taught to stantinople has an exceedingly play. Their past few years have mixed constituency. Of the 265 pu- been so full of tragedy that organpils, 113 are Moslems (including at ized recreation is an important part least 13 Persians and two Alban- of their mental and spiritual restoraians) ; 83 Armenians, 66 Greeks, two tion. Syrians and one American. Of all these scarcely more than 30 are Sartorial Service for Orphans Protestant Christians. "CLOTHED while you wait" was The children now sit and work by the slogan for an impromptu grades instead of by nationalities. This allows English to be the lan- haberdashery set up in an old box guage of the whole school. Another car in the railroad yards at Kania new feature has been the introduc- recently. The "tailors" were Near tion of classes in handiwork. Soon East Relief workers and the "trade" after the school opened the children consisted of 250 little Armenian orof the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth

phans who had stopped over for French Protestants Meet at Lyons twenty-four hours while waiting for permission from the railroad authori- THE second general assembly of ties to proceed. . French Protestant churches was held at Lyons in November. All the On account of the threatening Protestant churches of France were situation in Caesarea, these helpless represented, with no manifestation of little creatures were hurried to sectarian cleavage. One indication Smyrna, and when the train was held of this spirit of unity was the resolve unceremoniously at Kania, the wel- to prepare one hymn book for the fare workers stationed there discov- use of all the churches. Another ered that the little travelers were clad was the cordial welcome extended solely in underwear. Hurriedly a to the delegates from Alsace and clothin~ station was set up in one of Lorraine, and the decision to hold the the freight cars, where several bags next assembly in 1924 in Strassburg. The assembly listened to thirteen forof boys' old clothes were distributed. eign delegates, three of whom were After an extremely wild scene all the American and four British. orphans emerged more or less triumphant, with a substantial covering for Tercentenary of Pilgrim Fathers their nakedness. A COMMITTEE has been formed To Study American Farm MethOds in the Netherlands for the observ- ance of the Tercentenary of the sail- FOUAD KHYATT, son of a rich ing of the Pilgrim Fathers. It in- landowner of Bagdad, has ar- cludes several Ministers of State, an rived in the United States to study ex-Premier, the chief Burgomasters agriculture. The young man's father and the leading governors of provowns thousands of acres of land in inces. Dr. Henry Van Dyke of the valley of the Tigris river and Princeton and Dr. J. Rendel Harris there he intends to introduce scien- of Manchester are members from tific farming methods, using Ameri- America and England respectively, as can machinery. In addition to this are Viscount Bryce, the great exhe intends to establish agencies for ponent of American institutions in American farm implements. The Europe, and Lord Reay, the Dutch young man was educated at Robert statesman. College. The larger meetings of the Con- He is greatly interested in the gress will be either in the Cathedral, work of the Near East Relief in or in the great auditorium of Leyden striving to save from starvation the University. Some of the foremost hundreds of thousands of people in men of America and of Holland are western Asia; and obtained his first expected to speak. idea of the great commercial and industrial development in this coun- After two days in Leyden, the try through American relief workers Congress will adjourn to hold servand missionaries in his own country. ices in the ancient Scots Church of Rotterdam, the Church of the exiled World Call. Covenanters banished by Charles II. and in the still more venerable Eng- EUROPE lish Reformed Church in the Bagyn- hof, Amsterdam. New L. M. S. House Protestant Clinic at Brussels T HE headquarters of the London Missionary Society at 16 New FOR some four years there has Bridge Street have been sold and a been maintained in Brussels a new and more desirable site has been Clinique Protestante. At length the purchased opposite St. James' Park work has outgrown the accommoda- Station. This will be entirely ready tion afforded by the premises origfor occupancy in 1921.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

inally occupied, necessitating removal NORTH AMERICA to more spacious quarters. Interchurch Executive Committee En- Dr. Hunnecurt, who supervises aU the surgical fittings and arrange- larged , ments, has been the head of the Red Cross Ambulance at the Royal Pal- THE Executive Committee of the ace throughout the war. Other lead- Interchurch World Movement ing doctors and surgeons have given has been authorized to increase its their services from time to time as required. Many of other faiths, or membership to forty. The new no faith have found help and com- members are: Dr. W. 1. Chamberfort in the skilled attention and Christian atmosphere of this clinic. lain, Reformed Church in America; Dr. Charles R. Watson, United Pres- The Christian. byterian Church; Dr. Charles L. White, Baptist; Dr. A. W. Harris, Waldensian Seminary Re-Opens .l'viethodist; Dr. Joseph H. Apple; THE W a Ide n s ian Theological Reformed Presbyterian Church; Dr. School at Florence, silent for four years, has resumed its activities. H. F. Swartz, Congregational; Al- Thirteen students are in attendance. fred E. Marling, Presbyterian; Mrs. At the reopening Dr. Giovanni Luzzi outlined the aims and attitude of the H. W. Peabody, Baptist and Mrs. W. school, after giving a brief history of M. Boyd, Methodist. its work. The students were warned against two evils which always lie in Service Men to Unite for Church Work wait at the doors of a theological seminary, namely, Rabbinism, which COMMITTEE of Presbyterian he defined as following the letter and A chaplains has undertaken the not the spirit of the law; and Ra- task of organizing "The Allied Comtionalism, which he characterized as rades" among Presbyterian veterans heavier than the Mosaic Law, and of the late war. Since the idea apsterilizes Christianity. parently originated with a Presby- terian, it is to be first developed Preaching in Siberia through Presbyterian. connections, and if successful there, it will even- AN evangelical preacher in Siberia tually extend to other denominations. reports an open door for Gospel The ideal of "The Allied Comrades" is to bear the same purpose toward teaching in that country. the Church that the American Legion "Gospel-thirsty people are like a has in the field of citizenship.

field ready unto harvest. We can In the local church it is not innow work freely. The power of the tended to be an independent society, Greek Catholic Church is broken. but rather a department or subsidiary They no more can stir up the people of whatever men's organization may against the evangelicals for the pur- already exist in the church's working pose of massacres. One can now scheme, whether brotherhood, league, freely preach the Gospel and baptize club, class or invitation committee. converts without asking permission It js an effort to preserve the old batof the Most Holy Synod or from the tlefield comradeship so as to make it governor. Recently I read of a con- the core of a new enlistment in bevention of priests to discuss measures half of Jesus Christ. Explanatory to be taken against us, but we have circulars will be sent anywhere on nothing to fear." request by applying to the National Service Commission, I-56 Fifth Ave- Record of Christian Work. nue, New York City.

The Continent.

The Chnrches and the Coal Strike FOLLOWING the action of the Interchurch World Movement in appointing a commission to investi-

gate industrial conditions relative to Change in Immigration F the steel strike, the Federal Council IGURES recently published show that immigration has been comof churches appointed Dr. Paul Strayer, Dr. Worth Tippy, Dr. John ing in recent years from non-Protes- McDowell and Rev. F. E. Johnson tant countries. The peak of this in- to consider the coal strike. Their coming tide of foreigners was report was considered by the Social reached in 1913, when the arrivals Secretaries of the various denomina- numbered 1,400,000. The Protestant tions, and a statement was sent to all Church membership of theUtiited the churches containing the following States is given as 25,359,890. Ac- paragraph: cordingly, the percentage of immi- "It seems to us that social morality grants in the last pre-war year to the requires that some means be found to Protestant Church membership was organize the coal industry as a co- about 5.6%. This indicates a trend operative public service. Then the toward changed American ;ideals.

moral obligations inherent in the pro- It is said that only one signer of duction, distribution, and use of coal the Declaration of Independence was will be more generally recognized non-Protestant, and in the early and obeyed. Then we may expect period of our history the majority of miners and managers alike to be gov- our immigrants were from Protest- erned by the public good, and the ant countries., public to recognize that it has no Thoughtful Protestants should right to be served at undue cost to watch the immigration legislation the miner." pending in Congress and exert every The Congregationalist. possible influence to safeguard our American ideals in the critical days The Gospel Counteracts RadicaUsm of reconstruction ahead.

THE Evangelistic Committee of ~ New York City has is&Ued their Iowa Churches Need Awakening A annual report, from which it is seen, N awakening along spiritual lines is the need a rural survey suphow the straight Gospel truth is able to counteract Bolshevism and anar- ervisor finds in an Iowa county chy. Street meetings in Russian, where four churches are partly sup- Hungarian and Italian were at first ported by mission boards, though interrupted, but good natured per- practically every resident of the sistence on the part of the speakers county is well-to-do. Seventeen of won' a hearing eventually from Bol- the forty-eight churches in the county shevists, radical socialists and I.W. are closed or without a minister, W. agitators. and twenty are described as merely There is a church in New York existing.

whose lay assistant was once an anarchist editor, and another whose Enlarged Mission Program S staff is chiefly former radicals.OUTHERN Baptists have out- Boy gangs were broken up be- lined a five-year mission program cause the members were taught a which will include the opening of "better way." Children gathered on eighteen new stations in the foreign the streets by "The Story Telling field. Their work already estab- Lady" heard Bible stories eagerly and lished in Africa, Japan, China and learned Christian songs. Groups South America will be reinforced.

who refused to salute the flag or It is also proposed to enter Russia.

sing "America" through Bolshevist This advance program calls for an teachings were won over, and through expenditure of twenty million dollars them parents were reached. in the five years.

1920J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Conference on Race Relations are Vice-Presidents,·Mr. G. P. Raud, THREE thousand Negroes,-farm- 156 Fifth Avenue is Secretary and . ers, teachers, doctors, lawyers, Col. E. N. Sanctuary of Scranton socIal workers,-representing directly eight million negroes of the south Pa., is Treasurer. ' and indirectly several more millions having common economic and educa- New Bible for the Blind tional interests, assembled at the Twenty-ninth Tuskegee Conference THE American Bible Society has to make plans to meet the new economic conditions. The essentials taken steps toward the publication of race relations-better school facilities; the suppression of lynching and .of the Bible in a newly adopted mob violence; the administration of impartial justice through the courts method of point printing for the and public officials; equal accommodations for equal fares on the rail- blind, known as Revised Braille. Two roads and other public carriers; and s~5tems of American origin, quite the problem of the ballot as a source dIfferent from the European Braille of civic protection were among the which 'Was invented by a Frenchman subjects under discussion. The Ne- in 1829, have been so widely used groes who attended the race relations that a need was felt for approximatdiscussion owned property which is ing international uniformity in an conservatively estimated to be worth alphabet for blind readers. The three million dollars. adoption of this revised Braille was the result. The American Bible So- The Conference gave new hope to ciety has made a tremendous contriwhite and colored alike, and pointed buti.on to the literature in raised type the way to inter-racial cooperation. ~vailable for the blind, by publish- mg at great expense the complete Call to Prayer for Russia Bible in both the N ew York Point and the American Braille, the two THE Russian Bible and Evange- systems most used in America up to .Iization Society, a recent organi- the present time, as well as in the Boston Line Letter. The volumes zatIOn formed in America by Chris- published in these types have all been tian business men, has issued a Call distributed by the Society for much to Prayer for Sunday, April 11 tho less than their cost, and the larger for the great land and peoples of part have been civen to the needy Russia. "No country needs prayer without charge. This beneficent work and spiritual help more than does is not. rest~icted to America. Scripthis land that is so sorely oppressed tures m raIsed types are supplied in ?y famine ~nd so savagely tom by Arabic, Spanish, Armenian, Armenomternal strIfe. In New York City Turkish, Japanese and Siamese. a special prayer service will be held in the Marble Colleg-iate Church at The blind Christians of the world 3 :30 p. m., and will be conducted will feel a joy peculiar to their need by Col. E. N. Sanctuary and Mr. G. when their sensitized finl[ers touch P. Raud of Russia. the pointed dots which tell them of "Jesus Christ, whom not having seen The Society has been organized for ye love; in whom, though ye see the purpose of training evangelists Him not, yet belieVIng ye rejoice and Bible teachers, to conduct Bible greatly with joy unspeakable and Conferences in Russia, and in other full of glory: receiving the end of ways to preach the Gospel to Slavic your faith. even the salvation of peoples. Mr. George C. Howes is your souls." President of the organization, Dr. Howard A. KeIly of Baltimore and Indians as Missionaries Dr. David ]. Burrell of New York THE Shoshones of western Nevada have not until recently been touched by Christianity. Their near-

est neighbors, the Nez Perces, are world. The Presbyterian Board has seeking to evangelize them. A num- carried on medical work there for ber of the leading Shoshones were some years. brought to a Nez Perce camp meeting and several were converted. LATIN AMERICA These men went home, called a meeting of the whole tribe and recounted Help the Mexican to Think American their experiences. The Nez Perces have shown the missionary spirit by DR. R. N. McLean, who is director furnishing eighty dollars toward a of Spanish work in the Southnew Shoshone chapel. west for the Presbyterian Home Board, regards the present Mexican R"Ugious Education for the Indians tangle as lO%Mexico's fault, 10% America's and the rest the result of A PROPOSAL for an Indian Col- mutual misunderstanding. As for lege comes through the Survey the misunderstanding, this is largely Department of the Interchurch a border problem, and there the be- World Movement. This university ginning must be made in i:s solution. has been planned upon lines similar The thousands of laborers who come in administration to great union, in- to us, after completing their conterdenominational organizations, such tracts are sent back home, and natas Robert College in Constantinople. urally carry with them definite im- Nanking University and Peking Uni- pressions about America and Amerversity. The American project is to icans. The key to the situation is in train Indians from all the 150 tribes the hands of Christian Americans. in the country as native leaders for their own people. Recently a union evening service was held in Los Angeles, Cal., when Of the 336,000 Indians in the Mexican Protestants of the Church United States today, scattered over of the Divine Saviour sat in the pews 147 reservations in practically every with the members of the Immanuel state of the Union, practically one- Pr~sbyterian Church. About 300 third are unrelated to any Christian Mexicans attended. In his talk in communion; and approximately 46,- Spanish to his own people, the pas- 000 are entirely unreached by Chris- tor said: "I have heard some of you tian ministry. say after a hard day's work, which has been full of bitter experience: H 0117e Mission Monthly. 'This is not the city of the angels (Los Angeles) but the city of the Hospital for Point Barrow devils.' Vhen you think 01" Ameri- cans think not of those who have POINT BARROW, the northern- cheated you or been harsh to you; most mission station in the world, think in the terms of these Christian is to have a hospital. The Presby- Americans who are seated with you terian Board of Home Missions in here tonight." January announced a gift of $25.000 for the erection and equipment of the The Continen t. hospital, and the worl< of building will commence at the earliest possible A Porto RiJcan Judge date. SR. EMILIO DEL TORO, Judge The best method of hospital con- of the Supreme Court of Porto struction for the unusual demands of Rico, recently gave a message to the Alaska weather will be determined, Puerto Rico Evanqelico, of which the and will be used in other hospitals following is an English translation: contemplated in this region. Point Barrow is far north of the timber "If I had the privilege of comline, and except for one ste?mer a municating with all of the mothers yf'ar. when the ice permits, is com- of Latin America for only one mopletely shut off from the outside ment during my lifetime, I would employ it entirely in recommending

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

that they place in the hands of their crease in general must be attributed children the New Testament, being to the indenture labor system which sure of obtaining for them the most removed the able-bodied young men noble and enduring influence of all and women at a time when they the influences which could exercise would naturally be establishing themselves in the human conscience homes. Ih addition there were the of this world." other stilI existing causes-the sale of liquor and the introduction of A Bolivian Diplomat Appeals for Indians disease. Mr. Edward Jacomb, a bar- rister of Vila, New Hebrides, and AT a recent meeting of the Com- author of "France and England in mittee on Cooperation in Latin the New Hebrides," says that if the present conditions continue another America and the Committee of Ref- twenty years there will be no natives erence and Counsel in New York, left, and when there are no natives Senor Ignacio Calderon, Minister of there can be no whites, for industry Bolivia in the United States, made cannot be carried on without native an appeal for mission work among labor. Bolivian Indians. He said that in spite of their great degradation, they A ustralian Christian World. showed the keenest desire for an education, whenever given an oppor- lllsslons in Java tunity. Boys usually appear at school an hour before the time of SINCE the population of Java is opening. The Brazilian government predominantly Mohammedan, and has lately given commendable atten- therefore Oriental, the acceptance of tion to improving the miserable con- Christianity means to them becoming dition of Indians, and has established Europeans_ The great difficulty in some schools, but not enough teach- mission work among the Javanese, ers are available. therefore, is found in convincing them that it is possible to accept the New School for Girls in Rio Gospel and remain themselves nation- ally. The active power of the Chris- SITE has been secured in the tian faith is accordingly presented by A finest residence section of Rio iHdirect method, such as medical and de Janeiro for a Methodist school for educational work. Four Dutch-Javayoung women at a cost of $152,500. nese Christian schools are in opera- There are two pieces of property, tion within the settlements of the one being a mansion occupied by Dutch Reformed Mission, with their three successive barons in the days of staffs recruited in Holland. Colportthe former empire, and this has age is carried on, supplying those placed the school in good repute with who have learned to read by the help the leading families of the city. Ad- of Christian missions with thousands ditional buildings will no doubt be of Scripture portions and helpful acquired from time to time. books.

The school will open in June, and It was formerly thought that thE the Christian ideals for which it Javanese mind was incapable of bestands will be of immense value in ing roused to s.ocial or spiritual acall educational and evangelical work tivity, but the past ten years have clone in Brazil. wrought a marked change in this view. I~LANDS OF THE SEA The Banner. Fate of New Hebrides lUSCELLANEOUS HE population of the New Heb- T rides, it is estimated, has de- Gospel Distribution creased by a third in the past eight vears. In the once thickly populated THE American Bible Society cites Torres group there are now actually many lay workers who are helpless than 100 natives left. The de-

ing the cause without remuneration. To Study Temperance and Moral Wel- A street, car conductor in Dallas, Texas, has in the year past spent a fare tenth of his income in buying copies of John's Gospel, which he; has put W ORLD Temperance and Moral in the hands of every man in the Welfare in Asia and Africa street car service in the city .who will be the subject of inquiry by the promises to read it. A railway con- Interchurch World Movement. An ductor in Texas is also mentioned investigating committee will report on who buys cheap eight-cent Testa- what is being done and what ought to ments by the dozen and gives them be done by the Christian forces of to passengers along the route. to sec- the world to combat the use of alcotion hands and to anyone else who hol and narcotics among backward shows interest. races.

Just before the Brazilian Fleet Some Figures on Mohammedanism started to leave for European waters, a group of Brazilian Christians ob- DR. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER has tained permission to give a copy of pointed out the growth of Mothe New Testament to every man on hammedanism in South America as board. The spirit with which these significant. The unity of Mohamcopies were received gave great en- medanism was never so complete as couragement to extend the work to during its present political collapse. other vessels, in the forts and else- Of the 200,000,000 Mohammedans where. ninety-five million are under British rule, thirty-five under Holland, Christian Music in Favor among Orien- twenty under Russia, sixteen under France, eight under China, thirteen tals under Turkey, and five under Persia. Of these two hundred million Mos- THE growing popularity of our lems about sixty millions are practi- Christian hymns is found in cal pagans, knowing nothing of their countries of the Far East. The re- own religion and being entirely ilcent coronation procession of a literate.

maharajah marched to the stirring Some Interesting Statistics strains of American gospel hymns, As ONE result of Protestant mis- sionary effort during the nineplayed by the potentate's brass band.

Christian music is said to have teenth century, 72,740 Jews were reached its highest development in Burma, where Baptist converts baptized, . making, with their chil- among the natives have been trained dren, an addition of 120,000 to the for the past century in vocal and in- forces of evangelical Christendom.

strumental work. During the same period, 57,300 Jews An Englishman traveling in the were received into Roman Catholic foot-hills of Burma, during the Burmese robber wars, told of sighting communion, and 74,500 into that of the torchlight flares of a large crowd of natives. He and his companions the Greek Church. . were preparing to withstand an attack, when they heard the familiar If the ingathering from the pagan and Moslem world had been in the same proportion, there would now be seven million converts from those strains of "Lead, Kindly Light," sources instead of the actual two coming from the natives, who proved million in the nineteenth century.

to be Burmese Christians. The Protestant Hebrew converts ~ho enter the Christian ministry are In many places Christian hymns three times more numerou;; than like "Rock of Ages" and "Onward those from the ranks of converts Christian Soldiers" are sung or from all other non-Christian faiths.

played by Orientals who are not At least 750 Protestant Jewish con- Christians. World Call. verts are daily engaged in preaching

1.920] NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

the Gospel of Christ Jesus as their other way than: "Be not angry with one business in life. us on account of our sins, as we are not angry." The Task of the Mission to Lepers T HE Mission to Lepers is allied Internationalism in Missionary Work with twelve American and twenty-one British and Canadian MR. GILBERT BOWLES in disdenominational Boards, and in co- cussing ways in which missionoperation with these Boards and with aries can be peace makers among governments seeks to secure hu- the people of China, Japan and mane laws regarding lepers. There Korea, suggests frequent conferences are considerablv more than five hun- of representatives from the three dred lepers in the United States. fields, more exchange of visiting, Eleven years ago there were 9,000 thereby promoting fellowship among cases in the Philippines, but through Chinese, Japanese and Koreans and effective segregation the number has more help for all three nations in now been reduced to 5,100. their combat with social and moral wrongs. The four objectives of the Mission to Lepers are to preach the Gospel to Missionaries to the Chinese are the lepers, to relieve their dreadful already in Japan, working among the suffering, to supply their simple Chinese students in Tokyo, of whom wants, and ultimately to rid the world there are from three to five thousand, and a Korean pastor shepherds a of leprosy. group of Koreans in Shanghai. Mis- Poverty of Heathen Languages sionaries to the Japanese are needed A LINGUIST who essayed to in Korea and China, for in a very translate the parable of the real sense Christian missionaries Prodigal Son for an Indian hill tribe stand between the peoples of these found that their only word for festi- three restive lands.

val carried the meaning of "much Adopting Hospitals beer drinking," so that he had the utmost difficulty in rendering the phrase BECAUSE many people have no "they began to be merry," without interest in the spiritual motives also suggesting drunkenness. This which prompt missionary doctors and instance reveals the problem of the nurses in their healing ministries, translator. Not only heathen hearts the Interchurch World Movement has must be Christianized; their speech a plan by which American cities must be born again, before it can may adopt hospitals in mission lands. convey the great truths of the Bible. Poughkeepsie, New York, has taken the lead in adopting the hospital of The Rev. C. D. Helm, of Rhodesia, -the Union Medical Schoool at Velchief reviser of the Tabele New Tes- lore, So. India. tament, describes how povertystricken that language was in its spir- Among the items to be furnished itual vocabulary. For instance, it by the Poughkeepsie women are had no equivalent for "holy"-no thousands of strips of thin, un- term to express moral purity. . bleached muslin, compresses, wipes, The Ibo language is spoken by 3,- sponges, face masks, lint, operating 000,000 black men in Southern Ni- aprons and caps, absorLent cotton, geria. In their tongue the same bed-linen, utensils and toilet articles.

word had to do duty for "right" and It is thought that many who do "might," and they had no word for not now contribute toward mission- "conscience. " ary enterprises wil! respond when In the island of Fiji, which is now their home town takes definite respon- a Christian country, it has not yet sibility for some hospital in India.

been possible to translate the sixth China, Africa or other remote cor- petition of the Lord's Prayer in any ners of the world.

OBI'l'UARY NOTES lege, Constantinople, has become Mis;sion- Dr. Raynolds of Turkey ary Education Secretary for Congrega- REV. GEORGE C. RAYNOLDS, tional Churches in succession to Dr. Miles M. D., died on February 14 at San Francisco, in the eighty-first B. Fisher, who has become Missionary year of his age and the fifty-first year of his notable service as mis- Education Secretary of the Interchurch sionary of the American Board in Turkey. After a brief period at World Movement. Harput, Dr. Raynolds fifty years ago opened the station at Van which, un- W. ]. WANLESS, *M.* D*., surgeon of the der his leadership, – grew to include high schools, the beginnings of a col- American Presbyterian Mission Hospital lege. a well equipped hospital and extensive industrial operations. This at Miraj, India, has received the Kaisar- station will stand as a monument to i-Hind medal of the first c1as~. Dr. Wan- Dr. Raynolds' ability and Christian daring. less' work during' his twenty-eight years ·DR. Dr. Pettee of Japan in India has had an influence throughout JAMES H. PETTEE, of the Japan Mission of the American the entire country. Board, died suddenly in the Board Rooms, 14 Beacon Street, Boston, on *** February 17. Dr. Pettee first went to Japan in 1878, and at once iden- SADHU ":UNDAR SINGH, Indian evangetified himself with the Japanese people and their interests. He was un- list, started on January 16 for a tour of excelled as a constructive interpreter of Japan. England and America.

Dr. J. McP. Scott of Toronto REV. ":. B. * AYODEL~ ** native of REV. John McPherson Scott, D. D., CAMPBELl" pastor of St. John's Presbyterian Church. Toronto, the past thirty Sierra Leone, West Africa, is the first years, died February 24. For many years Dr. Scott was actively engaged African to receive a scholarship award of in promoting the cause of foreign missions. In 1912 he was selected by $300 at Harvard University. He expects the Presbyterian Church in Canada for the task of visiting all the for- to return to Africa during the summer. eign missions under the church's jurisdiction. DR. J. C. R. ** * of For- MISSIONARY PERSONALS EWING, president Fr.nHNG H. RIWF.l,l, has ,imt completed man Christian College, Lahore, India, rehi~ fiftieth year as a publisher. More than th"ee thousand voll1mes, practically cently suffered from a paralytic stroke in all with the Christian motive, have been published by him during the last half cen- Miraj, India. He is reported as improvtury. ing. *** *** JOHN W. WOOD, D. C. L., secretary of the Protestant EpiscoDal Board of Foreign DR. JOHN F. GOUCHER of Baltimore, Missions. has been elected executive secretary of the Department of Missions and chairman of the Methodist Commission on Church Extension. Education in the Orient, has received the RFv. HFRBF,RT W* . *GA*TES. brother of Japanese imperial decoration of the Order President Caleb F. Gates of Robert Col- of the Rising Sun. Dr. Goucher is now on his sixth visit to the Orient.

*** MISS MARY VAIL ANDRESS of New York City, the only woman to receive the distinRuished service ~medal from the United States government. has gone to Turkey to assist in the Near East Relief.

*** REV. KOGORO USAKI, D. D., has been elected bishop of the Japan Methodist Church to succeed BishoTl Haraiwa. He is a g-raduatc of Kwansei Gakllin, and is the third in the succession of Japanese bishops..

*** lli:v. AND MRS. HF,NRY C. McDOWELL, first miss;onaries to be s·ent to Africa bv the colored constituents of the American Board, have arrived in Angola, VI'est Central Africa.

*** Ln:uT. HENRY ]. FRY, chaplain of the United ~tates Navy, has been appointed as assistant to R. 1;;. Diffendorfer, head of the Hr>me Missions Division of the [nterchurch World Movement.

MJ<' F. '<. BF,N*NF,*TT, *President of the Presbvterian Toman's Board of Home Mis·sions, and other members of the Board.

sailer{ on February 15 for Havana to in- vestigate and report on conditions in the various missiou stations in Cuba. The Sacrament of the Lord's Supper gains in dignity, devotion, solemnity and impressiveness through the consciousness of its being served in cups that are absolutely sanitary, and free from the dangers that are associated with public drinking-cups.

The Holy Communion There is no time in the Christian's life when he comes into closer and more intimate relationship with the Divine than when he sits at the Lord's table. The Christian examines himself and looks forward to the sacrament of communion as a season of blessing. Why not apprcach its celebration with unalloyed joy; dis- carding all fears j thinking only of the wonderful privilege?

A Time of Reverence It is now generally recognized that the Sanitary individual cup increases the attendance because it removes all fear of uncleanliness, and promotes a deeper reverence in the communicant. The Sanita ry Communion Outfit Company offer an improved and sat- isfactory outfit throug'hout, including the highly polished beautiful mahog- any tray here shown. This tray eliminates all noise, is lighter and more easily handled than others and is more in keeping with the furniture of the church than a tray of any other material.

Make your communion service all that it should be; send for free booklet and catalogue (with quotations) .

NOTli:-In many States the law now forbld9 Sanitary Communion Outfit Co. the use of the single cup at the communion 800 57tb Street ~hi~:' y~~s~~~dl~~i~:. ne.fh~~t~t:;:a:~ Rochester, N. Y. unclean and unsanitary. Many thoroughly good Christians have refrained from partaking of communion for this very reason. If you ha'"'1:, not yet adoDted the modern. sanitary communion ('UP. let this be one of yOllr first forward steps in 1920.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY R~VIEW OF 'tHE WORLD in writing to advertisers

x THE MISSIONARY

For my sermons, I use Korea's Fight for Freedom. By F. A. the large, bold type. Mackenzie. 50 x 8 in. 320 pp, $2 Then by "Just turning Fleming H. Revell Co. 1919. the knob" tl..e o.~ The storv of the fie:ht for inde- t'l1:>~' ,. u,..~~ ",0'1' ,,~ pendence, especially as it culmi- ~'I'~"6 CO'l''I'6S~O~~e~oe. nated in the spring of 1919, is bet- ter told here than in any other vol- ( Xy Sunday Schoo£ nottcos. ume. While as author of "The! Tragedy of Korea" Mr, Mackenzie "Many Typewriters In One" has been charged with false state- ments in his presentation of that Would IJOU like to know tohlJ the country's sad pligM, the docu- Multiplex Hammond is so popular with ments here printed and others in ALL cJ.aue& of people? We can tell you manuscript known to be wholly in laur words: trustworthy, are the truth about Japan's relations to her new pos- Because of Its venatilityl The Multiplex Hammond does sessions. To say that her seizure ~~~Tng~.i~~ t~t~~u ~rf.!,;1::n ~~~ of Korea is no worse than that of European Powers in stealing Afriknob" you can cha.nge from one style ca from the Africans is not to the or type, or Crom one language, to an- point, This is the twentieth cenother. Note the above specimen tury, and the Japanese Empire (Slightly reducod) all written an the prides itself upon being abreast the SAME machine:. times in matters affecting human- ity, The revelations here made No Other TypeW1'iter Can:Do ThJ. show how very thin is the veneer No matter who of civilization which she has has- ~ily attached to an ancient barbar- you are, what you Ism. are, or where you are, the Multiplex From the opening of the Her- Hammond i. the m~t Kingdom and Japan'5 fir5t ~t{;'llu~""A~ great false move, the emeute of the coupon for Dec. 4, 1884, the story of wrongs troo folder. done by that nation–with' no men- tion unfortunately of the material Also a PORTABLE Model benefits brought to Korea by Ja- pan-awakens deep indignation to- Full capacity. Weight ..bout 11 pound•. ward the instigators of the cruel Ask for special folder, Mailed tree. atrocities. The story is told chrono- logically and covers misdeeds from Inquire about special terms the assassination of the Korean . to professional. Queen through Japanese orders in 1895, down to the happenings of ~ _____ ______ .Free Folder____________ .. last year.

THE HAMMOND TYPEWRITER CO. But the volume has other in- terests. It sketches the early ef- 577 Ea.t 69th St., New York City. forts for freedom under the old regime, and it is an inspiration to Please 80nd tree Folder to: read of such a hero as Syngman Name,_ _ __ Rhee of the Independence Club. A d d r e s s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ The "New Era," with Marquis lto OccupaUoD ________________ as its hope, darkened shortly into deep gloom, after Koreans and for- eigners, missionaries and others, had been basely or cruelly treated. The abdication of the Korean Em- [Continued on Page XII]

WITH The mark of a book written to meet a

PURPOSE Constructive and Challenging Publications V of Religious Leaders of Today The Army and PUBLISHED Religion Among PUBLISHED Religion FEB. 1 American Men FEB. 15 Edited by D. S. CAIRNS, D. D. As revealed by a searching study of conditions in Preface by the Bishop of Winchester the AmerIcan army.

Perhaps. as never before, the British Army during First-hand info"mation on the "eal attitude of the the Great War represented a Bort of cross-section of American soldier to Ohristian life and organized the nation's life. Here, then. was an exceptional Ohrlstlanity. A challenge to the Ohurch. opportunity for an enlightening analysis of an l;trmy Cloth, $1.50 that represented the life of the men of the nation The Dlateria1 for this book was gathered under itself. direction of the "Committee on the War and the "It would be difficult to p"esent the religious Religious Outiook"–consisting of &~ch men as: revelation and results of the war more skillfully and judicionslythan they are presented in thisreport."- Robert E. SpeM. Cloth, $2.00 WILLIAM ADAMS BROWN God and the Struggle for GEORGE w. COLEMAN Existence PUBLISHED W. H. P. FAUNCE JAN. 15 HARRY EMER"ON FOSDICK B. H. STREETER HENRY CHURCHILL KING FRANCIS J. McCONNELL A simple, straightforward assertion based on both CHARLES S. MACFARLAND biology and history, of tbe solid grounds we have for WILLIAM DOUGLAS MACKENZIE °tbe 1arger hope"-a reaffirmation in these days of SHAILER MATHEWS persistent questioning, of the fundamental relation of ROBERT E. SPEER God to the universe and to the individual life. ANSON PHELPS STOKES Cloth, $1.50 That One Face A NOTABLE Missionary Outlook in PUBLISHED 1919 BOOK the Light of the War MAR. I RICHARD ROBERTS A serie.;. of reading studies for twelve weeks Also prepared by the Comm.ittee on the War marked by spiritual insight, inteUectual keenness, and the Religious Outlook. and literary skill, which show the distinctive im~ pression made by Jesus on ten of the world's great I. p"esentation, by recognized experts. of the poets and prophets and thus' 'help men and women to missionary enterprise as the fullest expression of reach a good judgment about Jesus" for themselves. noblest ideals In the World War. the cbanged out- look In p"actlcally every mission field. and the new Cloth, $1.25 light thrown on missionary principles and policies.

Between HAS COMMANDED Cloth, $2.00 MARKED Two Worlds ATTENTION JOHN HESTON WILLEY Two 1919 "Everyday Life" books which have been notably successful "The Great Adventure" has called millions of Building on Rock ~h~.~ :e~h~n o~~e qb:~ti~~: ;;re~:~t~iV;::g fh:h~~: after. This fearless and unconventional discussion HENRY KINGMAN throws a renewed light from the Bible on SOlle ot Thin paper, art leather doth, round cornered, the eternal mysteries. . Cloth, $1.25 pocket size, 9Oc.

Harry Emerson FOSDICK'S "Everyday A thoughtful book which seeks to meet the de- Life" books which continue their mand of our day for reality in religion by studying phenomenal appeal: what J esu…:; showed to be essential to a life built on eternal foundations. Arranged for daily reading and Thin paper, art leather cloth, round ('ornered, study during 10 weeks. poc]mt size edition.

The Meaning of Prayer, $ .90 Marks of a World Christian The Meaning of Faith, 1.15 The Manhood of the Master, .90 DANIEL JOHNSON FLEMING The Christian Citizenship Thin paper, art leather cloth, round cornered, Training Program pocket size, 90c.

A NEW. fourfold program tor boys-ot unusual An analysis of "the mind which each Christian interest to all leaders of boys, and to parents. should bring to bear upon the world," which comes with an unusually fresh and vigorous appeal in these Wrltefor illustrated days when we hear mUch of world citizenship and descriptive circular need to realize that we must be world Ohristians if Chrir..tians at all. Arranged for daily reading and study during 9 weeks.

Ask your bookstore ASSOCIA TION PRESS or write us 347 Madison Avenue, NEW YORK Please mention TH~ MISSIONARY RSVll~W ot 'tHE WORLD in writing to advertisers • New rHE MISSIONARY LIBRARY Spring. Books [Continued from Page XI Present Day Definition of Christianity peror and its hollowness and scenic By Laura H. Wild display; the author's personal epi- Foreword by Mary E. Woolley, Fresldent sode of daring when he visited of Mount Holyoke College the "Righteous Army," followed by Have we the right to re-define Chdstianity? Miss Wild proves his stay with the rebel forces, the that we have-that a growing, vital people must have a grow- missionaries whos.e attitude was ing, vital Christianity. Po~t­ paid $1.35. and has been loyal despite the The Bible as a gradual hampering of their act!vi- Community Book ties and the attempted Japamza- By Arthur E. Holt tion of the Christian Church; tor- The age-long "fight for justi?e and social faith" culminated m ture a la mode in 1911, with Baron Christ's teachings. Dr. Holt's book traces the Bible's record of Yun Chi-ho in the center of the the growth of the community idea and applies Christ' f' plan to stage; and lastly the Independ.ence the life of today. PriCI' ~aper, 90c; cloth, $1.35. movement of 1919, are acts III a The Ultimate Quest tragedy that is deeply interesting.

By Katherine Gerwick The book concludes with two chap- Ten chapters of the evolution of ters on world reactions and a God's plan for a friendly world as shown by a study of the vari- discussion of what Christians can ous conditions of women's life the world around. Some of the do in this most important case. chapter headings are: Women's Work for Women; The Gift of "Everything!" is Mr. Mackenzie's Health; The Art of Living To- gether. Price 60c. reply. Individual Christians, the Fellowship Prayers Church, statesmen, and the Jap- By Sarah T. Dickinson anese themselves are all appealed A volume of prayers for special occasions: of Patriotism, of Fel- to for help. But-1919 is a long lowship, for Outdoors, for Rejoic- ing, for Church Seasons. A book time ago, and we are busied and of helpful "Gathered Orisons" especially helpful to women troubled by a thousand events and in conducting public prayer. Leatherette 8Sc. problems at home, and probably BOOKSHOPS EVERYWHERE nothing will be done,-alas! ()r The Truth About China and Japan.

THE WOMANS PRESS By B. L. Putnam Weale. Maps. 5Y.

600 Lexington Avenue x 8 in. 248 pp. $2 Dodd, Mead & Co. New York City 1919. Mr. Simpson, under tthe pen name of B. L. Putnam Weale, has previously ~iv~n these st~dies. in Asia, a penodlcal of growmg Im- portance for the Far East. The volume is a sequel to other stu~­ ies in his "Fight for the Repubhc in China." In that book Mr.

"Weale" contends that Japan has a double policy, one for the <;lrient and the other for the Occident; that she uses military power and secret loans to advance the first, and diplomacy and publicity the second; and that this intricate mat- ter can be understood only by studying the history of the remote past. .. . Mr. Simpson carnes on hIS 1IJ- vestigation through sources made up of documents of state, sundry agreements, some of them secret, government tables, etc. From this [Continued on Page XIV] Please mention THJt MISSIONARY ReVIEW OF' 'tInt WORLD in writing to advertisers Books on Themes for Mission Study, 1920-21 The Near East: Cross-Roads of the World By WILLIAM H. HALL. Ready in April.

Dr. Hall traces back to. their causes the unsettled condition of the Near East, and leads the reader on, in a straightforward, logical way, to estimate the probable results of its long period of oppression and repression. Illustrated. Price, Cloth. 75c; paper, SOc; postpaid.

The Church and the Community By RALPH E. DIFFENDORFER. Ready in April.

Each chapter in this book discusses a vital subject; they are entitled !'Community Life," "Economic Factors," "Cooperation," "Houses and Housing," "Complex Community Situations," and "Community Leadership." This book will make a wide appeal. Price, cloth, 7Sc; paper, SOc; postpaid.

A Better World By TYLER DENNETT. Ready in April.

Mr. Dennett has been studying international situations as they developed at the Peace Conference, with a special emphasis on the application of the new patriotism. Price, doth, $1.50; paper, 75c; postpaid.

Frank Higgins: Trail Blazer By THOMAS D. WHITTLES. Ready in April.

The story of the home niissionary who .'found" the neglected lumberjacks of Minnesota, and ministered to them faithfully, but by original methods, for many years. Illustrated. Price, cloth, 7Sc; paper, SOc; postpaid.

Shepard of Aintab By ALICE SHEPARD RIGGS. Ready Soon.

An inspiring story of Dr. Fred Douglas Shepard, the famous medical missionary to Aintab, in Asiatic Turkey. The story describes his woek, his play, his hunting trips, and his encounters with the warlike Kurds. Written by his daughter. Illustrated. Price, cloth, 7Sc; paper, SOc; postpaid.

Order from your Denominational Board, or from the Interchurch World Movement of North America SALES DEPARTMENT 45 West 18th Street New York City These Books THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY Let the Presidents Speak [Conttnued from Page X I 1] "I have heen documentary evidence (which forms praying an appendix of nearly 100 pages) three years he makes it evident in the main for these section of the book why there should be conflict between the two books." countries. In the sixteenth cen- tury a long struggle between Ko- -PAUL RADER rea and Japan began in which China fought for her vassal, and Moody Church. Chicago which finally led to Japan's with- G. W. McPHERSON drawal. At last Japan snatched the prize from suzerain China, and What Do Yon Think? later still when Japan began her covert policy in China itself, one "These books will reach a sale of 50,- sees the seeds of permanent enmity. OOO."-Dr. Curtis Lee Laws, in Wutch- rapidly growing. The third chap- ter, upon the settlement of the Chi- 1'J1an-E~aminer. nese problem, states alternatives to the question, "Is it possible for the DR. LEN G. BROUGHTON rebirth of China to be consum- mated in the face of the imperial- "One of the ablest presentations of the istic ambitions of her neighbor?" religious questions that has appeared in our The affirmative answer will come, day." the author says, if the dominant factors in the situation, the mari- DR. JAMES M. GRAY time Powers, adopt the right pol- icy. "It is the only book of its kind." The final chapter, "If Japan Re- DR. A. C. DIXON fuses?" is full of food for thought. Entering the realm of international "r am stirred by your book. It is like politics in 1894 when Japan de- feated China in Korea and dea voice from the Old Testament Prophets. posited the gold indemnity in Lon- don, "Weale" thinks that in 1905 DR. MARK A. MATTHEWS Japan was guil~y of her first great act of immorality in the negotia- "Should be on the desk of every preach- tions affecting the Russo-Japanese er, in the horne of every Christian, and War settlement, when she invaded read by every patriotic American citizen." China in Manchuria. From then on, her Monroe Doctrine went LOS ANGELES BIBLE INSTITUTE from bad to worse until the Shan- tung agreement of the Allies, only "Rush by express 100 copies of your great partly Japan's fault, yet the aim book." of her ambition. With the Minis- try of War above the Japanese BIBLE CHAMPION, NEW YORK Diet, there seems to be little hope in view of what the Ministry has ''We know of no books containing such done. It is gone entirely, unless a world of information of such vital the final appeal to Europe to ininterest to parents whose children are tervene is heeded. attending educational institutions. The result of the author's examination of The volume will not appeal to text-books is so appalling as to warrant any except serious readers accusthe titles of his books. Every parent tomed to weighing evidence and should read them." interested in international politics.

The Crisis in Church and College. VoL I.

Second edition, enlarged and revised. Cloth, $1. 75 net (256 pages) The Modern GonRiet Over the Biblt!. Vol. II.

Second edition revised and enlarged Cloth. 232 pages, $1. 75 net Companion books YONKERS BOOK COMPANY Order Direct YONKERS, N. Y.

[Continued on Page XVI] Please mention TH£ MISSIONARY REV1F~W OJ? 'tHE WORLD in writing to advertisers The Crying Need of Russia Russia is a Menace to Europe, Asia and America Because Slavs have been ul'educated in Christian ideals Theyhave had the form of religion without the powe: They have pot been taught to know the Bible While they have a reverently religious nature They have not unr1.erstood evangelical Christ:anity They have worshipped ikons and bepn led by ignorant priests But they have not learned to follow Jesus Christ Intellectual trainipg has been divorced from Christianity Students have been trained in infidelity The bourgeois have failed to exhibit Christian principles Bolshevism has resulted The great need in Russia today is Christian educ£"tion Bibles and Christian literature should be distributed Bible teachers and evangelica' preachers should be trained The masses should be taught to know and follow Jesus Christ He alone will cure Bolshevism and other evils Think of the immense fields that need yonr help: Russia 185,000,000 Czecho-Slavonia 13,500,000 5,000,000 Roumania 15,000,000 Greece 6,000,000 Bulgaria 5,000,000 Afghanistan 8,200,000 Jugo-Slavia 12,100,000 Galicia Including about 9,000,000 Jews The Russian Bible and Evangelization Society Will you send preachers, teachers and Scripture Colporteurs to Russia? Will you help to heal this open sore of Europe and Asia? Will you help to place a Bible in every home of these 250,000,000 stricken people? Will you help to send without delay preachers and teachers already trained to these hungry distressed millions? Will you help to train those who have been called by God for this work?

Send your contribution to: COL. E. N. SANCTUARY, Treasurer, (Vice-President Victor Standard Typewriter Co.) Scranton, Pa., or 156 Fifth Avenue, New York Address communications to the Secretary-Director of the Society, J. PERTELEVITCH RAUD 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Officers and Founders of the Society George C. Howes, President HowardA.Kelly,M.D.,Vice-Pres. A. C. GaebeIein, Chairman Sidney T. Smith, Vice-Pres. DavidJ.Burrell,D.D.,Vice-Pres. G. Pertelcvitch Raud,Sec.-Direc. George W. Carter, D. D. Col. E. N. Sanctuary, Treasurer Charles E. Gremmels Hon. Selden P. Spencer, Mo. Chas. M. Alexander Edgar W. Work, D. D. James E. McArthur Horace L. Day Oscar Rixson Gove G. Johnson, D. D. Alwyn Ball, Jr. Don O. Shelton The officers, including the Secretary-Director of this Society, give their services free.

Please mention TH£ MISSIONARY R£v[~w OF TH£ WORLD in writing to advertisers YOU CAN STAY AT HOME THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY and [Continued from Page XIV] PREACH THE GOSPEL TO The Meaning of the War for Religious MOHAMMEDANS Education. By Robert Wells Veach, M. A., D. D. 12mo. 254 pp. through $1.50 net. Fleming H. Revell Co. New York. The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems Education is one of the chief fac- tors in ,the making of history. It (IncoJ'porated in 1915 makes the African different from the Hindu, the American from the This Society is Interdenominational. German. What children are taught Committees of Missionaries Cooperate on in their homes, within schools, by their books and by public lectures the Fields.. and sermons determines their The Literature is Arlapted to Moslems. ideals, their habits and their idea The Messages are ThoroughlY Evanj!"elical of God. The War has taught many The Tracts are Printed Attractivelv. lessons, but the lessons learned by They go where no Missionaries are allowed. the present generation will deter- They can be read in secret and repeatedly. mine whether or not there will be another war. It is therefore ex- Many Moslems have been converted tremely important that the events through tracts. of the past six years, and even the preceding decades, be studied to Will you help give MoalematheGospel? discover their meaning and their in- fluence on character and history. W: 119 for Informatton as to membenhlP. needs. sample l1'aet8. meetings 01 auxiliaries, &lite., to Dr. Veach, who served in France under the Y. M. CA. during the MRS. JAMES MONTGOMERY, Secrelar, War and was formerly director of Religious Education of the Presby- Box 888, New York City terian Board of Publication and Sabbath School Work, has under- OTllBR OrrICJlR8 or THlIi 8OCDl'r taken the difficult and important task of interpreting the War as a Rey. Samuel M. Zwewer. D.D., of Cairo, President. schoolmaster to lead us to Christ. Dr. Roben E. Speer. 01 New York. Vloe-Prestdent. In a chapter on "The School Mas- Delavan L. Menon, of New York, Vlc.,…Presldent. ter at Sedan," the author points out that the task of reconstructing Dr. Same! L. Barton. Mrs. Wm. Borden.. education around the idea of mak- Dr. Frank MaaoD Nortb. Mr.. Wm. B. Hill. ing a world wide Christian citizen- Mr. Fennell P. Turner. MUm Anna L. Dawes. ship means placing greater empha- Dr. Cbarles H. TYnd.an. M …. Finley S. Shepard.. sis on moral and spiritual educa- Dr. CharlM R. Watson. Mn. D. L. PlenlOD. tion, as well as keeping up with physical and intellectual develop- BliND nrJ'TB oro ment. He recites many significant Mra. E. E. OJoon. 322 w. 76t.b St.. New York, Trull. incidents frem war days and gives fourteen educational laws of re- HARTFORD ligious education brought out for- cibly by the war. These deductions W. Douglas Mackenzie President are the laws of faith, of prayer, of reverence, of virtue, of self-control, Theological Seminary of expression, of cuhure, of the ideal, of the Cross, of liberty, of Dean, M. W. Jacobus leadership, of self-determination, of the fourfold life, and of social con- School of Religious Pedagogy tacts.

Dean, E. H. Knight Som'e of these we might classify differently but they all relate to Kennedy Schoo! of Missions Dean, E. W. Capen ThroHgh tnese as.sodated schools Hartford offers full training for: 1. The Christian ministry. 2. The whole field of religious edu- cation. 3. The foreign field.

Eaeh School has its independent faculty and its own institutional life, and together they form one interdenominational institution with the unity of common aim and spirit.

[Continued on Page XVIII) Ple:J.se mention THlC MISSIONARY R:E;vIlCW Oli' IH~ ,VORLD in writing to advertisers

XVII

Co-operative contacts with the frontier fields are made by the following Baptist Agencies: The American Baptist Home Mission Society · CHARLES L. WHITE, Executive Secretary, 23 East 26th Street, New York City, N. Y.

American Baptist Publication Society G. N. BRINK, General Secretary, 1701 Chestnut Street, Phiiailelphia, Pa.

The New World Movement provides for a large increase of colpottermissionaries.

These devoted servants of Christ, working in the sparsely settled, isolated and lonely places, conduct meetings in the school houses and homes. hold many religious conversations, dist.ibute tracts, and sell or give away copies of the Bible and New Testament.

In Colorado, Montana and Wyoming the salaries and expenses of these men are paid by The American Baptist Home Mission Society from funds designated for this purpose. In the other states The American Baptist Home Mission Society pays the salaries and The American Baptist Publication Society provides for the equipment :md expenses.

In many arms and inlets of Coos Bay and The colporter-missionary spends his time Puget Sound are numerous islands and in the open. Often he cannot reaeh the villages where pioneer .conditions prevail. distant locality where a service is to be held unless he starts early and camps for supper Many of these isolated communities cannot be reached except by water transportation. beside the Long TraiL Hence the Gospel Cmiser.

The colporter-missionary goes from· home to home, holds religious conversations and sells or gives away books, Bibles and New Testaments. On Sunday he preaches wherever he can gather a small group of people to hear the gospel. It is hard to tabulate the results of his . work, but a single visit from this man of God has often changed the outlook of a whole family.

Please mention THE MISSroNARY RltvtEW or 'tHlt WORLD in writing to advertisers THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY [Continued from Page XVII subjects that merit consideration.

Dr. Veach strongly advocates re- organizing the Church for religious education. He recommends com- munity schools of religious educa- IF YOU WISH tion as well as denominational agencies, the pulpit, the home and New Hymn Books the church school. The book de- serves a thoughtful reading, espe- cially by religious leaders.

for Church, S. S. or Chapel, The New Christian Studies in Stew- write liS of you needs. We ardship. By Ralph S. Cushman. can satisfy YOll. Pamphlet 150 pp: Centenary Con- servation Committee, 111 Fifth A. S. Barnes Company, Avenue, New York, 1919.

30 Irving Place, New York. Stewardship or trusteeship of possessions is receiving new con- sideration in these days, and is helping to make new Christians.

Mr. Cushman, the Director of the Stewardship Department of the In- terchurch World Movement, has given some thoughtful studies in this little booklet. They are Bibli- cal and experimental, but some- what superficial and disjointed.

Most of these books on steward- ship suffer by contrast with the classic prepared by David McCon- READ THE NEW BOOK aughy, "Money, the Acid Test." Mr. Cushman's seven studies in- By.T. M. STANFIELD clude quotations, outlines, refer- ences and suggestions on the rela- CHRIST'S SECOND COMING tion of property, character, God and the use and giving of money.

The volume closes with a cate- "This little brocb ure is a fine showing chism on stewardship and tithing.

of the Post-Millennia! view of the Second The Tragedy of Bitlis. By Grace H. Coming of our Lord. The autbor, by a Knapp. 12mo. 160 pp. $1.00 net. full appeal to Scripture, demolishes the Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, main positions, and' riddles with grape- 1919. shot the outworks of the Pre-Millennia! advocates. .This story of Armenian suffering is not pleasant reading-but neith- er is the story of the Crucifixion.

"For a brief, clear, sane and satisfac- Bitlis is an Armenian town in Kur- distan where many were massacred tory treatment of tbe subject discussed, and from wh1ch thousands of wom- en were deported. It is a stirring this compact booklet is equal to the story of heroism and of service as best." – The Christian I nl.lligenceT.

PRICE 35 CENTS well as of suffering. This account of a former missionary is from the PUBLISHED AND SOLD BY narratives of eye-witnesses, Miss Shane and Miss McLaren, who J. M. STANFIELD passed through the siege and mas- Cleveland, Tennessee. sacres, and were the means of sav- ing many women and girls from the Turks.

Please mentlOn THJt MISSIONARY RItvntw 01' 'tHlI: WORLD in writing to advertisers NEW BOOKS New Doran Books Bractical Interchurch Methods. By A NATIONAL SYSTEM OF A. F. McGarrah. 12 mo. 335 pp. $1.75. Fleming H. Revell. 1919. EDUCATION Prol. W. S. Athearn Training the Christian Reserves. By G. The author of THE CHURCH SCHOOL presents Franklin Ream. 16 mo. 90 pp. Meth- practical plans for a nation· wide advance in relig- odist Book Concern. The New Spirit in Industry. By F. ious ed1.cation. Net, Sl.50 Ernest Johnson. 95 pp. $0.75. As- TALKS TO SUNDAY SCHOOL sociation Press. 1919. TEACHER ~ Luther A. Weigle The New Social Order. By Harry F. Bible school workers will find this continuation Ward. 8vo. 384 pp. $2.50. The Mac- millan Co. New York. 1920. of THE PUPIL AND THE TEACHER equally Negro Year Book. An Annual Ency- clopedia of the Negro. By Monroe helpful and inspiring. Net, $1.25 N. Work. 8yo. 523 pp. $1.25. Tus- kegee Institute. THE USE OF THE STORY Marks of a World Christian. By D. J. Fleming. $0.75 Association Press. IN RELICIOUS EDUCATION 1919. Come Ye Apart. Companion volume Margaret W. Eggleston to My Daily Meditation. By J. H. A recognized expert tells where to find and how to U5e the right story for eve;-y occasion. Net, SI.50 Jowett. 12mo. 254 pp. $1.50. Flem- ing H. Revell. 1919. THE SOUL OF The Truth About Korea. By C. W. Kendall. 12mo. 104 pp. $1.00 Ko- ABRAHAM LINCOLN rean National Association. Philadel- phia. 1919. William E. Barton, LL.D., D.D. The Far East Unveiled. By Frederick Coleman, Houghton Mifflin Co. An intimate, historical study of the evolution of the 1919. Albania, the Master Key to the Near spiritual life of Lincoln, in no way controversial, East. By C. A. Dako. 8vo. 290 pp. $3.50. E. L. Grimes Co., Boston. but the result of original and thorough investigation. 1919. 8vo. Net, $4.00 Indo·China and Its Primitive People. By Henry Bandesson. 328 pp. 16s. LEONARD WOOD Cons.rvator 0 Hutchinson. London, 1919. Americanism Sadhu Sundar Singh, Called of God. A Biography Eric Fisher Wood By Mrs. Arthur Parker. 88 pp. is Is. 3d. Christian Literature Society for Wood's career of astounding accomplishment as India. 1919. surgeon, soldier, administrator and exponent of The Appeal of India. By J. C. Rob- Americanism is here recorded for the first time. A bins. 100 pp. Luzac, London. 2s fascinating and inspiring story of which all Amer- 6d. 1919. icans will be justly proud. Net, $2.00 In and About Palestine with Notebook and Camera. By A. Forder. IUus. A BETTER WORLD 191 pp. 3s. 6d. 1919. Tyler Dennett g~:~::r~~~~c.:i~y~::,":~t Inter- A Modern Experiment in Apostolic Missions. By A. R. Short. Illus. With convincing earnestness and insight the author 94 pp. 2s. 6d. Harris, Bristol. 1919. sets forth the necessity oj Christian idealism in the Encyclopedia of Islam. A dictionary of the geography, ethnography and solution of world-wide social and industrial prob- biography of Mohammedan peoples. E'dited by M. T. Houtsma and oth- lems. . Net, $1.50 ers. 385 pp. Luzac, London, 1919. SPIRITUAL VOICES Redemption, Hindu and Christian. By Sydney Cave. 263 pp. lOs. 6d. Ox- IN MODERN LITERATURE ford University Press. 1919. Trevor H. Davies, D.D. Selling All to Buy the Field. By Mar- shall BroomhaIL 47 pp. 7d China Uplifting spiritual interpretations of literary master- Inland Mission. 1919. pieces. "It should find a wide favor."- A Program for Friendly Relations be- tween Mexico and the United States. New York Post. Net, $2.50 Pamphlet. Committee on Coopera- tion in Latin America. 1920. A NEW TRANSLATION Africa-Slave or Free. By J. H. Har- OF THE NEW TESTAMENT ris. 244 pp. 6s. The Student Chris- James MoHatt, D.D. tian Movement. 1919. New pocket edition, India paper, 3Y;;"xS" leather The School of Mother's Knee. By Margaret T. Applegarth. 12mo. 249 stamp cloth, round comers, gilt edge. Net, $1.25 pp. $1.50. Woman's American Bap- tist -Foreign Mission Society. 1920. Limp Morocco, leather lined, ronnd comers, gilt edge. Net, $3.50 Pocket edition, thin pal'er. Cloth. 16mo. Net, $1.25 GEORGE H. DORAN COMPANY 244 Madison Avenue New York Publishers in America for Hodder & Stoughton "please mention THJt MJSSlONARY RnVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers Now the Church Has Taken . A Leaffrom Successful Business D o you kno~ why nine out of A few of the facta that must every ten business ventures be met: fail? -So long as half the children The an.wer is the same i~ prac- of India die before their second ticallyall cases: They Jacked the year pur own children are not facts! safe.

Business cannot succeed ",..ith- -So long as China has only out facts. one doctor for every 400,000 people, every ship from China to The Church cannot prosper with· our shores threatens the probout facts. ability of plague for us.

The Church today has the facts -Half the world is illiterate -facts that affect you and every and a menace to Democracy. other man. woman or child; facts that show that neither busine911 —Over one million people have nor the nation itself is safe if we t'l be turned away from church continue to shut our eyes to con- hospitals Mch year for lack of room. ditions once considered remote but now SQuatting at our very doors. -100,000 destitute children must now be turned away from homes and institutions. How the Facts Were Obtained How You Can Help Your Church The leading Evangelical Churches of North and Your Nation America have formed a league in a great cooperative movement in order to gain greater Men and money are needed to carry out efficiency by eliminating waste and duplica- this world program. Not merely for church tion of effort. This co-operative movement maintenance but for hospitals, colleges, is known a8 the Interchurch World Move- schools, children's homes and social welfare ment. around the world.

The Movement set out to find the facts. When your church calls upon you give– No superficial survey walt this. It searched and give from your heart as well as your the most remote corners of the world to dis- pocketbook. cover things as they were–not as they might be. The results of this scientific surVey reveal for the first time the whole task of the whole Church.

Please mention THJt MISSIOlfARY RltVIJtw oJ! THlC WonD in writing to 3dvertise:rs

A Growing

NOTHING SUCCEEDS LIKE SUCCESS Everyone wants to be connected with "a going concern." The Board of Foreign Missions and the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension wrote more annuity bonds in 1919 than any year in their history. Why? Because our Life Annuity Bonds provide: 1 A gilt edge investment. 2 A fixed guaranteed income for life. 3 Interest usually larger than from other safe investments. 4 Security unquestionably good. S A moral risk that is the best. 6 Freedom from worry and the care of property. 7 A splendid method of making a gift.

For further information address GEORGE M. FOWLES, Treasurer of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue, N. Y. C., or W. J. ELLIOTf, Treasurer of the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

0. Please mention TH:£ MISSIONARY REVIEW 'tHE WORLD in writing to advertisers

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The Missionary Review of the World — March 1920

XLIII NUMBER

MARCH,1920 INTERCHURCH WORLD MOVEMENT NUMBER The Need for Missionary Cooperation S. EARL TAYLOR Growth of the Interchurch World Movement JOHN R. MOTT The Enlarging Definition of Missions TYLER DENNETT World-Wide Religious Surveys RALPH E. DIFFENDORFER – FRED P. HAGGARD AT HOME – W. S. ATHEARN ABROAD EDUCATION The Resources of the Home Church SPIRITUAL – W. E. DOUGHTY FINANCIAL – DAVID McCONAUGHY LIFE SERVICE – – J. LOVELL MURRAY Enlisting Cooperation DENOMINATIONAL CAMPAIGNS ELSIE McCORMICK CAMPAIGN PROMOTION PLANS – A. E. CORY BEST METHODS FOR THE LOCAL· eHURCH MUll E. C.CRONK 2.50 A YEAR 25 CENTS A COpy MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY COOPERSTOWN, NEW YORK 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK

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CONTENTS FOR MARCH, 1920 Signs of the Times and Editorials …………………………………….. P~~~ The Need for Mis-sionary Cooperation ………….. By S. Earl Taylor LL. D. 171 Growth of the Interchurch Movement ………….• By John R. Mott LL. D. 177 The Interchurch, Organization-Illustrated ……..•….. By H. C. Reynolds 179 The Enlarging Definition of Missions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . By Tyler Dennett 182 Surveying the Foreign Fields …………………. By Rev. Fred P. Haggard 185 Surveying the Field at Home ……………… By Rev. Ralph E. Diffendorfer 190 American Religious Education Survey ………… By Prof. Walter S. Athearn 195 Christian Education in America …………………… By Rev. James E. Clark 198 American Ministerial Support ……………….. By Dr. Joseph B. Hingeley 200 American Hospitals and Homes ……………… By Rev. Frank C. English 201 Releasing the Spiritual Forces …………………. By Rev. Wm. E. Doughty 202 Enlisting and Training Givers ………………….. By David McConaugley 205 The Stewardship of Life ……………………….. By J. Lovell Murray 208 Plans for Enlis-ting Life Service ……………… By J. Campbell Wbite 211 Results of Denominational Campaigns …. . . . . . . . . . . .. By Elsie McCormick 213 Best Methods-Working Together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . By Mrs. E. C. Cronk 219 Woman's Home Mission Bulletin-Annual Reports …… By Miss F. E. Quinlan 226 News From Many Lands …………………………………………….. 231 THE MISSIONAR Y REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

Robert E. Speer, President. Frank L. Brown, Vice-President. Delavan L. Plerson, Secretary~ Walter McDougall, Treaaurer Publication office, Cooperstown, N. Y. Editorial and Business Officc;e,. 156 Fifth Avenue, 2Sc a COP7 $2.50 a year New York uty *ltntered as second·class matter at the Postoffice Cooperstown, New York, under the Act of Marcll 3. 1879. Copyrighted, 1920 The New York Times says: No one who is in the least inter- ested in human endeavors to better the world can aHord to miss DR. GRENFELL'S AUTOBIOGRAPHY A LABRADOR DOCTOR Here is the story of a man of will and indomitable courage. It is a story of such dramatic interest that it is hard to put the book down when one once starts it. Adventure I-there is enough adventure here to fit out a dozen novels of the most thrilling sort-adventure by land and sea, with reindeer journeys, long trips in dog sledges, cruising up and down a wild and rocky coast, mid snow and ice, dealing with all sorts of men, 'hair-breadth escapes from the imminent deadly breach'-one need not say more. Everybody knows Grenfell of Labrador." -The Christian Work.

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riM "",tlCHI Til. KJ.,onllY JtnIlCW or ~II. WOUdl III writin, to .,dverti8era ~ "."·•.''.·.".."'.:'. ~ID :.:".,.O……'' …. …. .:… ·.D.1..'[,…..

The Official Organ of the Interchurch World Movement, solves your problem for you.

It will keep. you posted on the work and achievements of this great new force for righte- ousness.

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It will hold and enlarge its place as an authoritative magazine on world events viewed from a Christian standpoint.

It is popular in character. Its articles are weighty but not heavy. There is a differ- ence.

It gives you vivid. interesting materials written by men and women of world-wide authority and reputation-stories that stimulate. inspire and instruct. Abso- lutely the finest talent will be commandedl It is not a journal of church machinery. It gives little attention to the departllUletal mechanisms within the churches. and great attention to the religious and social impact of the churches upon society.

Itis full of live•. human-interest illustrations, life-in-action pictures from all corners of the earth. No magazine in the United States excels it in make-up and illustration.

Its underlying purpose is to bring the searchlight of Christian principles to bear upon the problems and puzzles of a world in unrest.

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Facts for

What It Is. The Interchurch World Movement and women from twentyaeight communions and has been called into existence for the purpose of de- largely representative of the official denominational veloping a plan whereby the evangelical churches of· boards and societies, was held in Cleveland, April 30~ North America may co-operate in carrying out their May 1, 1919. Here the idea of the Movement J'e~ educational, missionary and ben~volent programs at ceived the most careful consideration, and th.e conhome and abroad. viction was unanimous that it was providential, timely and imperative. Origin. It had its beginning in a meeting held in New York City, December 17, 1918, in response to a Education. The "Interchurch Bulletin'" informs call of the ForeigIl Missions Board of the Presby- workers in the churches and in the Movement of terian Church South. The 135 persons in attendance the latest developments in the program of the unanimously agreed that the times demand a degree organization. Severa1 periodicais–"World Outof effi.cieDc"y and power on. the paTt. of. the evangelic:al look," "Ever}'land," "La Nueva Democracia"-are churches, which can be effectually secured only by publiShed by the Movement tor the dissemination the cooperation of all. through the churches of information concerning the Kingdom. Literature explanatory of the Move- The Plan Formed and Received. A Committee of ment and designed to develop the spiritual resources Twenty was created to report a plan of organization of the churches, CHristian stewardship and lifeand procedure. The report of this committee was work, is widely distributed by the Movement. received, and approved in turn by the Foreign Missions Conference of North America, the Home Scope. The Interchurch ,Vorld Movement, in Missions Council, the Council of Church Boards of order to promote an intelligent and effective co- Education, the Sunday School Council, the Federa- operation of the various educational, missionary, and tion of Women's Boards of Foreign Missions, and benevolent programs of the evangelical churches, set the Council of Women for Home Missions. Each about to discover and group the facts concerning the of these bodies heartily pledged its cooperation in Vorld's need. These facts are being graphically makin&" the plan a reality. Nearly eighty denomina- presented to the country, and on the basis of these tional and interdenominational agencies have en· needs an effort will be made to secure enough men dorsed the Movement. and money to meet them.

Announced to the Country. The plans of the Survey. At the Atlantic City World Survey Con- Movement were presented wideJy by means of a ference, January 7 to 10, 1920~ the facts so far de· series nf regional ~onferences, and much helpful termined and tabulated were presented. Although criticism and many constructive suggestions were l.1lC surveys we-re'inc~mpete> the facts. -rc"Vtaled "We-rt: -called forth. On·e hundred leading pastors, after a sufficient to convince the Conference, composed of two days' conference at Pittsburgh, in April, 1919, over 1700 men and women representing forty-two enthusiastically and unanimously approved the denominations, that the time had come to call out Movement. An lnterboard conference of 500 men all tb,.e forces of the evangelical churches to meet the challen~e.

On the basis of the needs revealed by :Movement. It also will serve as a cIeadni'

the: Survey made at Atlantic CityJ a preliminary for all co-operatine agenCies, receivin& funds not budget for five years amounting to $1,320,214,557 sent through regular denominational treasurers and was proposed. This budget is not for the mainte- distributing the same on a pro rata basis as agreed nance of the Movement) but to meet the needs as upon by the severa] agendes co-operating. diSIClosed by the Survey, While it is la.rge in amount, it was declared by competent judges, in view of the Basis of Distribution. The Atlantic City Con~ facts presented, to be quite moderate. ference passed a resolution recommending "that all undesignated money contributed to the central treas- Training Conferences. During November and De- ury be divided among'the participating agencies pro cember of 19191 sixty-seven training conferences were rata with the actual receipts ftom the coming cam- held throughout the United States under the direc- paign at the end of the year," tion of the Movement. The number of delegates in attendance reached 13,877, representing over eighty Administration. For economy and conservation in denominations. the work of the Kingdom, interdenominational co- operation, which has been steadily increasing during Pastors' Confertnces. The Interchurch World recent years is to be carried just as far as the condi- Movement plans to hold Pastors' Conferences in tion of separate organizations will permit. The every state, beginning February 16, and dosing Movement, however, does not in any way seek to March 15. AU the evange}i.cal ministers of each displace or interfere with the autonomy and respon- state are to be invited to come together to receive sibility of administration of the co-operating the report of the 'World-wid~ Survey, and to hear agencies. leaders tell of the v1ans for co-operative effort, based on the revelation of th~ needs of the world. This Expenses. The immediate expenses of the Move- will be the first tim.e that all the evangelical minis- ment are being met through credits established by ters of a11 the churches of a state or given area have the co-operating boards of the churches. These had the opportunity to sit down together to con- boards do not advance money, but they do provide sider their mutual task. credit on which the Movement can borrow. The Board of Review, composed of some of the most: Enlistment. The Interchurch World Movement noted business men of the United States, which met has planned a great spiritual campaign for the pur- at Garden City, December 20, said: "The expendi.. pose of enlisting the entire life of consecrated men tures are carefully and judiCiously planned, and and women, and of securing sufficient funds to carry though amounting to important sums, are relatively the entire World Movement program of the evan- small when compared with the I"~sults in accomplish.. gelical churches_ Arrangements cover four-week ment, spiritual, educational and financial, which are periods of emphasis ou the work of (1) The Spiritual justly to be anticipated." Resources Department j (2) The Stewardship Department; (3) Tb" Life-Work Department. Tbe Cost. The cost of the campaign will depend upon World Survey Conference recommended that the the size of the budget. The larger tho budget, the whole period from January 9 until Easter be _set less will be the proportional C:ost. It is expected apart for an evangelistic campaign, co-ordinated that the cost of this campaign will be about four with similar campaigns of the various denominations, per cent. of the total. and emphasizing the work of the departments named above in this general evangelistic campaign. Extent of Co-operation. It is left to each denomi- Financial Campaign. Following the evangelistic nation to determine the extent to which it will cocampaign and the emphasis upon Intercession, Stewardship and Lite-Work, a financial crusade will operate in the financial campaign. If any denomibe undertaken by the Movement. The Atlantic nation has obtained all the money it needs for the Ciry Conference fixed the dates from April 25 to next five years it can enter on all the other phases May 2 as the period for this financial effort. of the Movement, if it so desires.

Contributions. In the financial campaign the Relations to the Forward Movement. The Interfunds raised among the several constituencies should church Movement comes as a nittural culmination of be sent directly to the regular treasurers of such denominational forward movements, the leaders of bodies. A central treasury however will assemble which were quick to realize that the objectives and report the financial facts of the campaign and which they had in mind could be attained in a still will disburse funds for the common expenses of the larger way by working together. With revised pro.. grams and unified aims, they now seele to do their work collectively through the instrumentality of the Interchurcb World Movement.

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MISSIONARY

EVIEW1£ kill MARCH,1920 A CHINESE INTERCliURCH CONVENTION C IDNESE Christians have been stimulated by the great for- ward movements in the American Churches to undertake the greatest evangelistic effort in their history. With the watchword j j China for Ohrist," they have launched a movement to take the Christian message and Christian salvation to the last village of that great republic within the next five years.

The Christians of China see that their land is in a very critical period and they believe that only Christianity can save thei'r nation from ruin. The example of faith and courage -in America has brought a conviction that now is the time to launch a Christian movement for the salvation of China. Already in cities as widely separated as Peking and Canton spontaneous local movements have sprung up, geneTally calling themselves "The Christianity to Save China Movement." Cheng Ching-yi, one of the foremost Christian leaders in China, gave expression to the general feeling when he declared, "We are facing an unusual opportunity that demands prompt action. We cannot affprd to lose time. Things are moving 'rapidly, and they' call for an immediate movement on the part of all the Christian forces in China."

A national conference of Christian leaders of China was called and met in Shanghai, December 16-20. When 120 delegates came together representing practically eve'rY province and every Christian body in China. This milke-up of tl1e Shanghai conference tWas significant as Anglican bist JPs and 'Methodist preachers sat together and planned to work in a united campaign, David Z. T. Yui, the national Y. M. C. A. Secretary Bt~sided. Among. the delegates we're such men as the Chinese who invented the 600-character phonetic system, the man who has attempted to introduce Christian treatment of emploYfoles into one of the great ootton mills of Shanghai; the man who accepted the ministry of justice in the Canton (revolutionary) cabinet on the understanding that he would 161 use the position to preach Christianity; th~ man who had just baptized more than a thousand troops ef the best-drilled division in China; the woman who has largely financed the effort to reach one neglected province. The foreigners present inclnded Dr. Beebe, head of the medical missionaryprogtram for China; Dr. Rawlinson, editor of the ChVnJese Reoorder-and Dr. Stuart, president of the Peking Christian University. ._ '

The Conference was progressive and businesslike. Its first question was, "What ought to be done!" and the second "How are – we to do it T" The China Continuation Committee which called the Conference is gathering the statistics and the maps and the reports that are to make the situation in that country plain to the Christians of North America. This committee suggested a wO'rk- ing program. Seven commissions were formed to study various aspects of the situation alid each,after long discussion drew up recommendations as to what ought to be done.

The new movement will be known as the "Chin~-for-Christ Movement. " And its watchword will be "Christianity the hope of China." Dr. Cheng Ching-yi is to be the general secretary of the new movement. A Chinese, to be supported entirely by Chinese funds, will be his assistant. Rev. E. C. Lobenstine will act as associate secretary. David Z. T. Yui will be chairman of the executive coJlllIlittee. The leaders immediately proj,ected plans for a Week of Evangelism, at the time of the Chinese 'New Year in February, by which every member of every chutrch is offered a definite task in spreading the Christian message, and hence every Christian lined upwithi this movement from the beginning.

The movement is particularly significant because it shows that such an effO'rt as the Interchurch World Movement will not only arouse the Church in North America, but may inspire Christians on the other side 'of the globe, in the midst of a non-Christian civiliza- tion, to attempt tremendous things for the advance of the Kingdom of God. .

NEW FOREIGN MISSION POLICIES R EPRESENTATIVES of fifty-eight Fo!,eign Mission Boards and Societies met at New Haven for the Annual Foreign Missions Conference January 13-15. The program was unusually interesting to tlie 288 dek;ates present. Three points of especial interest should be noted. – 1. In the discussion on the politioal arvd governmental relation- ships of missions, it was recognized that while missionaries should keep free from political complications, they have a necessary re- lation to their own home governments and to the governments in the lands in which they ,work. The work should be carried on with .s little personal appeal to governments – as possible since mis-

SIGNS Oli' THE TIMES

sitmanes ar'e supra-national and are guests of thQ country in which they labor. They should not readily interfere in domestic quarrels and problems but they have first a responsibility to the govern- ment of God, and must stand for righteousness and truth under all circumstances. They also cannot but show their sympathy with afflicted peoples, whether in Korea, China, India, Egypt, Turkey or America.

2. The advantages of uniting Women's Mission Boards with the general denominational Boards were considered. Some churches have already effected this union. Some advantages are clear, but the great question is on what basis should women be represented on the General Board. The general consensus of opinion was that • in case of such amalgamation women members should be selected, like the men, because of their ability to help guide the missionary policies and program of the denominations, rather than o.n the basis of equal representation or proportionate to contributions. Mrs. Henry W. Peabody was unanimously elected Chairman of the Foreign Mis,sions Conference for next year, but declined theelectio.n.

3. The principal interest of the Conference was connected with the financial outlook for the coming year. Strong appeals were made by Robert E. Speer and S. Earl Taylor for greater faith and courage in adopting missionary budgets that are more adequate, to. meet the present needs of the world. John R. Mott offered a resolution, which was unanimously adopted, to the effect that "it is the sense of the Conference that the aggrega'te budgets of the Foreign Missionary Societies for the coming year, as presented to the American people in connection with the Interchurch WorId Movement Campaign should total approximately $103,000,000. This sum is to in- clude not only $30,000,000 as heretofore. contributions for the year, but in view of the imperative needs of missionary work should include $31,000,000 additional, necessary for maintaining the present missionary work at a higher degree of efficiency; $33,000,000 for union enterprises and other unallotted types of work in the foreign field and $9,000,000 for unoccupied areas."

The Conference felt strongly that the appeal presented to the Christians of No.rth American churches should be based, not on past gifts or on what certain leaders believed to be the giving capacity of. the churches, but on the actual present needs to enable mission- ary forces to carry out the evident pro.gram of Go.d.

FORWARD STEPS IN HOME MISSIONS T HE Home Missio.ns Boards o.f evangelical churches included in the membership of the Home Missions Council sent their representatives. to the annual meeting in New York City, January 13-15. Comity and co-operation-and how to meet the needs of the national life in America were the topics most fully discussed. 164 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD (March To evangelize and educate Americans and to make America Christian are the aims of Home Mission workers. The various agencies are ambitio"q.s to magnify Christ and to promote His Church rather than to promote the work of .any particular denomi- nation.

The Woman's Council of Home Missions was in simultal'ieous session and three days were spent in the 'Presentation of needs, the discussion of programs of co-operation, the reviewing of results achieved, and in the study of the broadening fields of service. The Negro question, which is now a matter of grave concern, is under the special care of Rev. R. WI. Roundy, the new Associate Secretary of the Home Missions Council. He will help all agencies doing missionary work for the Negro to obtain a national point of view.

Alal~~a is, one· of the most difficult fields on the globe in hard- • ships for the missionary. It was suggested that the Government be urged 14. establish a wireless system to shorten distances and bring Alaska nearer to the life of tl).e world, and denominational Home Mission Boards were urged to enter at once the field as- signed to them by' the new Associated Evangeli(lal Churches of Alaska, an prganization for cooperation composed of aU the Boards doing work in Alaska. .

.An Interdenominational Training School for Christian leaders among Indians was proposed and plans were formulated for such a school to be presented to Boards working among Indians. The Student Volunteer Movement will be asked to include the home field in its appeal for life service. .

The Home Missions Council and the Women's Council for Home Missions are uniting their etforts to make the Interchurch WorId MoveJllent a success and resolutions were adopted promising assistance in the survey of home mission tasks and in the develop- ment and operation of cooperative programs. The unallotted budgets for the various divisions and types of Home Mission work were allotted to the several Boards conducting such work.

. The number of denominational Home Mission agencies in the Home Missions Council has increased to forty by the admission to membership of the Board of Home Missions and Social Service of the Presbyterian Church in Canada, the Board of Home Missions ~of the Evangelical Synod of North America, the Home and Foreign Missionary Department of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, and the General Mission Board of the Brethren. The following officers and chairmen of committees were elected for the ensuing year: President Dr. Oharles L. Thompson; Vice~Pr~sidents, Dr.

Charle!i E. Barton, Dr. S. Leslie Morris, Dr. Lemuel C. Barnes; Executive S~retary, Dr. Alfred Williams Anthony; Associate Ex- ecutive Secretary, Rev. Rodney W. Roundy; Recording Secretary, Dr. Ralph Welles Keeler; Treasrurer, Mr. William T. Demarest. PR@;~RE~SIVE PROGRAM FOR LATIN AMERICA A MONG THE most neglected peoples of the- world are the Indians 9f South America. Very little Christian work has been done among them, especially by Protestant organizations. In view of' the encouragement" to all mission work by the Interchurch World Movement, and renewed earnest purpose on the part of all Boards and. their missionaries to ~ push th.'e worj{ of evangelization to a successful victory the Committee Oil Cooperation in Latin America called a conference in New York, January 16th and 17th, to consider the needs of these neglected tribes.

"Missionary'warkin this ·fieldin the past has been done chiefly among those of the lower and middle classes. The time has come when the evangelization of Latin America will be greatly hastened by the adoption of special measures for reaching the cultured and influential classes. The Conference urged the cooperating Mission Boards to provide a: fUIid' of $105,000 to support lectureships on evangelistic and apologetic subjects for these classes of people in appropriate halls in large centers."

A most deliCate and difficult part of the program of evangelism is that which must provide for carrying the Gospel message to the women of Latin America. The women of the cultured classes are very exclusive; those of the middle class:- spend their lives largely in. the seclu~ion of their homes; and the women of the lower class are interest~d only in the things to which they a~e accustomed in the daily round of their lives. The majority of the women of all classes are religious, and are a powerful force whicli is holding ml}ny of the men' to the Roman Catholic Church. One effective way of reaching these women is through Christian literature.

The chllrches are under ,obligation to undertake on a scale neVQr before attempted the evangelization and Christian education Of aboriginal Americans of whom there are not less than fifteen million full-bloods between the United States and Cape Horn, to say nothing of the many millions more who are largely of Indian blood. The most trustworthy; data available indicate that there are in Latin North America 7,015,800 full-blood Indians and in Latin South America 8,022,000. More than half of these are the direct descend~ ants of Americans who had developed remarkable civilization bflfore the days of Columbus. In spite of four centuries of disinheritance they are an indispensable factor. in the final development of most of the Latin American nations. In the next five years 147 workers froin the United States ought to be establi'shed at 40 strategic centers in Latin .A,merica with a considerable number of branch stations and with many cooperating workers' born in the countries under consideration. It is estimated that tlie cost of such undertaking in the ne.xi'five' years would not be less than $3~419,690.

Medical work In Latin America should be very greatly enlarged and Boards having work in Latin America should be encouraged to study more definitely the need for medical work in their respective fields and begin as early as possible such medical work as may seem to be particularly needed..

In regard to the great unoccupied fields in South America the following Boards were urged to assume responsibility for the O!3Cu- pation of the fields mentioned, along the lines of the Five-Year Program.

For Venezuela, the Northern Presbyterian Board. For Peru, the Northern Methodists. For Ecuador and Southern Colombia, the Northern Baptist Foreign Board and the Christian and Missionary Alliance. For Brazil, the American Board is requested to help the four American boards now in that field.

The following Boards are considering entering the needy fields of Santo Domingo and Haiti: Presbyterians in the U. S. A., Methodist Episcopal, Congregational, and Disciples.

The next steP ip. the program is the Conference in Guatemala City, which is to be held in March.

EFFORTS TO PROMOTE CHURCH UNION P LANS for interdenominational church union 'meet as many difficulties and opponents as the treaty for a league of nations.. There are divers forms and divers ways in which the movements toward union are manifested. There is the "Conferenc.e on Faith and Order," promoted by the Protestant Episcopal Church; there is the effort to have a conference of the pre1atical churches of Christendom, such as was sought by the Protestant Episcop~l Church with the Roman Catholic and Greek Catholic Churches; there was the Conference on Organic Union that met in Philadelphia last year and sought a basis for interdenominational union, with one name-" The Church of Christ," one creed and one book, ' the Bible, and one form of government. There follows the Interchurch Council which met in Atlantic City last June to consider plans for the amalgamation of the 20,000,000, to 30,000,000 Protestants in America. This Council has recently met again in Philadelphia and adopted the name "The United Churches of Christ in America."

Then there are the less difficult and more practical movements· for unity and cooperation, such as those that take form in great interdenominational conferences, and the interchurch organizations. These are becoming more important, more practical and powerful every year. Where the spirit of unity is fully developed there 'will be less difficulty in organic union. . Finally, there are the actualconsolidations, successfully consummated or contemplated in America and 011 mission fields. Such are the church union movements in China and India.

JBDITOlUAL

~ I I:fiftI ij dii. II SHALL WE GO FORWARD T HERE are two' easy courses open to everyone who laces a new and unusual proposal. One may say "It is better to abide in the old ways of which we have been sure." Or we may say, "The thing should be done. Let us not spend time, then, in scrutinizing the proposals as to whether the methodl suggested are wisest and best. Let us go forward without ques· tioning. " But neither one of these courses is right. When 8 new program, .such as that which the Interchl,1rch World Move- ment outlines, is proposed we must face it with just and critica1 minds, honestly and conscientiously.

If there ever was a time when Christian men and womell needed vision, this is that time. We need to listen to those who know the history of the Christian Church, who can show us where the Church has gone wrong in the past so that we may avoid those mistakes. But today we may be called upon not only to de- scribe past Church history but to make present history. Possibly our children in days to come may see that we erred, here s:nd there, in our judgment and acts but we must not for that reason refuse to move forward. .A. wisdom greater than human wisdom is needed to guide us to better ends than 'we" forsee.

The plans that are set before us in this Movement call us ro set aside divisive issues and to set our minds on our gre~t collective treasures: the ideal of cooperation; the spirit of courage and of faith; the sense of brotherly fellowship and confidence; the will to discover oUr duty in courageous and heroic terms; the purpose , to find and bring to the nation and to the world today those great moral and spiritual forces which we know to be the vital need of mankind; our resolute purpose to keep our eyes fixed on our great common interests and not on the separate inte'l'est of any individual or any group of individuals.We must find the way to accomplish our great task togethet- It does not matter how great are the difficulties. They exist merely in orde'l' that, by the grace and Spirit of God, we may overcome them.

American Christians have an opportunity to exhibit to the nation and to the world ways in which the great work of Christ . can be done in loyalty to higher truths than those with which most men have been accustomed to work. .A. new standard should be set if a better one can be found. But we ought not to" sur- 167

render to practices, no matter if they have been found successful in othe>r spheres, unless those practices embody the purest ideals as one finds them in the methods of our Lord and in the Apostolic Church. _ A financial campaign in behalf of world wide missions is right and necessary. One of the chief engineers of a great railroad was recently explaining the plans of his road to spend one hundred million dollars on improvement·in the next six years. Should not the ChuTch of Jesus Christ provide for more adequate facilities and equipment in the great missionary enterprise at home and abroad ?But the financial aspect is the least part of it. One St.

Paul and what he stood for is worth much more than a billion, three hundred million dollars. The value of one right man is greater than ever can be expressed in figures. We must not distort the ideals and proportions as we go out to do the work that God has . given us to do. We must be united in the brotherhood and in the fell()wship of Jesus Christ.

THE INTERCnURCH WORLD MOVEMENT T HIS NUMBER of the REVIEW gives as clear, as complete an<l as compact a story of the origin, purp()se and plan of the InterchurclJ.World Movement as is possible to present. in the limited space. This is done for the benefit of those who have not been able to keep in touch with the developments of the past two years. The Movement is young and vigorous. Noone will deny that it moves though some may have questioned whether it 1s moving in the nght direction and with spiritual power. Mistakes have been made–what great enterprise has been without themT- but many errors have been corrected and we may hope that others win be foreseen and avoided.

Three things in the program of the Movement call for hearty cooperation. First is the study of the need of mankind for Christ and His Gospel. It seems inconceivable that, nineteen hundred years after the Saviour of the world came to reveal the Way of Life and commissioned lIis followers to go into all the world and pro- claim His message, there should still be two-thirds of the human race who have practically no knowledge of what He came to do.

Scarcely more than one in ten of the world '8 population can be counted among His devoted, intelligent disciples. There is no ques- tion as to the nMd for a thorough and united study of the world in its relation to' Christ. This is the purpose of the various depart- ments of the Home and Foreign Surveys. .Second, all Christian 'agencies should cooperate to insure a more adequate education of the home church as to world conditions and their own indebtedness. anTdheprlienacdipelresso.ffotrhme amniyssyioenarasryb~etnttehreprise have studied the facts

EDITORIAL COMMENT

rank and file, even of the pastors, have been in comparative ignor- ance. Many have studied their own little parish, a few: have taken an occasional hasty glance over larger fields where their own Church ii' working, but few indeed have studied the needs of the world-field with the vision of Jesus Christ, without sectarian or selfish bias.

This united program of education of the whole Church to bring before "the last man in the last church" the whole task is the work of the promulgation group in its various departments. '

Third, Christians should unite to secure a more adequate response than Christians have thus far made to the can- of God to give themselves, their prayers, and their possessions, whole heart- edly to world evangelization. From Antiocil the Holy Spirit called three sixths of the Christian teachers to pioneer work. In the recent war some nations called one in twenty of the men to leave home and business to fight for the cause of freedom; arid yet the Christian Church has been satisfied with one son in two hundred in the ministry and one son in three thousand for work on the fron- tiers. With untold resources in the hands of the Church vast multitudes of ChriS'lians still give little thought and less money to missionary work. Few, very few, have any true idea or practice of stewardship. There is need to mobilize the forces of the Christian Church for the work of Christ. This is the province of the Educa- tion and PromUlgation' Groups. '"

But suppose that all these things are done, and they cannot be done hastily, there is still a staggering task to be completed.

When the field is thoroughly surveyed, the Church thoroughly in- formed and the forces more adequately mobilized, not one individual can be converted:- nor one commUI).ity truly transformed without the work of the Spirit of God. We cannot too often remind our- selves that our dependence is upon Him. . '"

Another danger in a great organization is dependence on human machinery and power and the imitation of worldly methods of promotion. During the war the one thing sought was to "com- plete the job" as quickly as possible. Extravagance and waste were overlooked if >only the end in vieW! was accomplished. Great organizations were built up only to disintegrate later. In the Kingdom of God it is life rather than machinery that counts and right methods and lasting results rather- than large undertakings or quick results.

TIle greatest reason for. encouragement in this Movement is the snirit of prayer that pervades the leaders. Work that is done in the power and under the leadership of God is not in vain, but God's processes are unhurried. The harvest reqnirespatience and self-sacrificing service but above all it requires an understand- ing of God's program, faithful obedience to His laws and unselfish ~ cooperation with Him. –

MISSION

OF THE WORLD _ Unoccupied II _ Vert inadequate" occupied D 1>'1 IIost nearly occupied.

r::::J Almost 110 population THE TASK BEFORE THE EVANGELICAL CHRISTIAN CHURCH TODAY I An evidence of the need for Christian cooperation-nineteen hundred years after the Saviour of the World gave His life for the 'World and told His followers to go into all the world and to preach the Gospel to every creature. :iY S. EARL TAYLOR, LL. D., NEW YORK General Secretary of the Interchurch World Movement P RESIDENT Wilson haJs said: "Religion is the only force in the world that I have ever heard of that does actually trans- form the life, and the proof of the transformation is to be found all over the world '9.nd is multiplied and repeated as Chris- tianity gains fresh territory in the heathen world."

What are the fundamental elements of democracy in America!

The Christian home, the open Bible-in a word, the foundations of morality laid deep by our Pilgrim forefathers. But if democracy has been built up in America by these elements. of our civilization, what shall we say of other nations of the globe 7 Almost two-thirds of the earth's population have never even heard of Christ. They Jive apart from the whole range of influences associated with Christianity; they lack the sense of the value of personality and human rights which work so mightily in a nation's progress. And ·the nations are" telling us about it. The dead f()lI'malism of the Far East will not hold the educated clrusses today. One of the great men of China who passed through America on his way to Paris said: "You have taken away from us our idols and our temples and destroyed our faith in Buddhism and Confucianism.

ResponsiDility rests on you to give us a positive substitute, which we must now have to avoid chaos." Mighty Russia, so vast in size that we cannot comprehend it, sends out this cry: "Russia wan~ books, not bayonets. Russia n(leds teachers, not soldiers. Send us farm machinery, not machine guns. And give U!S help for the four million orphans 6f our country. Send us men and women to work with us, to live with us in the, villages as well as in the cities, to teach us how to be· free and to use freedom wisely."

There is Mexico. Four out of five people in Mexico cannot read the Bible. The very name of God is unknown to one-fifth of the population. Rev. S. G. Inman e!Stimates that the first··six months of the Mexican border patrol cost the United States government more than enough to build and maintain for ten years a fully equipped college, hospital, social settlement, and church in every town' of over fOUT thousand people in the republic pf Mexico. A single Christian school, developed in Mexico by one lone American girl with a few native workers and the help of Almighty God, has literally transformed the city in which it was founded, and its whole attitude toward the United States, and especially toward our Christianity, has been changed. If this sort of thirtg could be 111 .

extended, 'border patrol of Mexico would be unnecessary inside of ten years.

Take South America, made up of republics most vitally related to ,us, a country so vast we cannot comprehend its size. Bishop Oldham declares that the intellectuals of South America have dis- carded God from their vocabulary. They hold a position ,agnostic and openly infidel.

Look at beautiful Japan. A little white square in the center of a map of the island empire represents the Christian poulation.

A little larger area ishows those in reach of the Word of God, and the vast bulk of the population is still untouched by the Gospel of Christ. Japan has failed at the point of her greatest success, namely, her educational system, because of the complete separa- tion of education and religion.

Today 90 per cent of the grad- uates of the government col- leges in Japan are frankly with- out religious faith. They are the future prime ministers, cabinet ministers, governors, principals and professors of colleges, doc- tors, lawyers, and other leaders'

BRAZIL, WITH A POPULATION OF 24,000,000 of Japan. What kind of a Japan A~~ tA~~~ l~Vft¥.~T~Hf~~~%lS can these men be expected to make'

Is Japan a menace f Only: in the sense that America and Europe are a menace in so far as ,they are not Christian. A Christianized Japan would he a mighty force for 'l"ighteousness and peace in the Far Eastern world. Twenty-five years ago th.e mis- sionaries in Japan called aloud to the churches, saying that Japan's redemption was possible at that time.. that the opportunity would pass in a year, ,and the Church must act quiokly. The Chmch did not respond, and the Christian harvest in Japan has been post- poned for at least fifty years, posisibly a century. '

China is better prepared today than Japan was twenty-five years ago. A mighty land is China with her 330,000,000 people, equaling in population all of Russia and Gerrmany and Austria-and Bulgaria, Greece, Denmark, Holland, Norway, Sweden, Great :t3ritain, France and Italy. Today we have the opportunity; to~ morrow will be too late. Will we take advantage of the present opportunity to win China for ChristT The program of the Christian Church must ~t least match the policy of the nation in Service to mankind, if the Church is to con- tip.ue as a world force. Dr. Mott said not long ago: "A practical

THE NEED FOR MISSIONARY COOPERATION

plan of cooperation, entered into intelligently by the leaders of the aggressive forces of Protestantism and adhered to loyally without compromise or sacrificing any vital principle, would make possible easy world-wide occupation by pure Christianity of all those fields that now concern us." Now, if that be true, God pity the Church or the Chr~stian that stands in the way of a program like this!

Let us turn from the foreign field to face the problem before the Church at home. I will mention a single phase of the problem, that of the Negroes of America, and I know of no more difficult CIDNA task in the home mission field.

Illiteracy among the Negroes has been reduced from 90 per cent to 30 per cent. The total property held by them is valued at $700,- 000,000.. There are 50,000 Ne- groes in professional service.

They print 400 newspapers and Jl.eriodicals. Their migration from South to 'North is sending its powerful streams to Chicago, to Detroit, to our great cities. As a result, two hundred and fifty thousand workingmen are located in a new environment. This is their plea : WANTED: churches .

in which to worship (or they are inherently a religious people) decent houses in which to live; fair chances at an honest living; good schools; equal protection to life, liberty and property. In one of their ~hlITches in Philadelphia the contrast is alarming between the space for the Sunday-school and the actual school, with its enrolment of 3,800. The church seating capacity is 1,000 and its membership is 3,300! Why not occupy a field like that' , THE CHURCH RESOURCES AND GIFTS Beyond all question,·the Church of Jesus Christ is incomparably the most powerful organization in the world. With such opportunities before Uls the work can go forward, if the Church will face its task.

Yet a fair study of the Church's latent resources-and un,used power would pTobably compel us to conclude that, of all the great organizations in the world, the Ohurch ~s, developed to the smallest percentage of its capacity. When we look at the Church's financial response to the world's need, we find that in one large denomination it took eleven days to give one cent to the Board of Foreign

Missions, thirteen days to give a cent to home missionls, two months and twenty-four days to give a penny to the Freedman's Aid Society and three months aml three-tenth days to give a penny to Sunday-schools. Then !Somebody discovered that if we gave a two cent postage stamp a week it would increase Our offerings a million dollars. A cent a day would make an increase of $10,- 000,000; a dime a week, $15,000,000; a half dollar a month (the price of a very cheap meal these days), $18,000,000. After fifty years of missionary organization and development in the Methoditlt _ Episcopal Church, the per capita offerings for missions, foreign and home, from both church and Sunday-school, including the work of church extension, special gifts, and city miSisions, are actually less than the per capita fOT missions fifty years ago; and yet the wealth of the nation has increased from $7,000,000,000 t9 $250,- 000,000,000 in that period of time, the per capita wealth of the nation jumping from $500 to $2,500 per capita in that same period.

A typical inistance is that of a church, free of debt, well located, with a good building, good parsonage, fine Sunday-school, having the every-member canvass, the duplex envelope, paying the seventh high- est per capita offering in the district, and has the following record: 102 give nothing; 31, one cent a week; 57, two cents a week; 58, two and one-half i3ents a week.

The war cost the world $450,000,000,000-$7.41 per !second since Christ was born! Interest charges at four per cent for one hour exceea the total foreign gifts of America for 1918. No wonder the commander of the British fleet said: "If haIf of the zeal and passion, half of the outpouring of life and treasure OT organization and efficiency that the state has put into this World War' could be thrown into the cause of the Kingdom of God and of th~ eternal verities, the world would soon be won."

A new day is upon us. If we, as Christiansr believe sincerely that the business of God is the most important work in the universe, it is our duty to use every effort in our power to further the interests of that business with all the resources and knowledge and experience we possess. When the director of a large enterprise discovers that time and effort and money are being wasted through lack of Coordination in, the variouil. departments, he does not rest until he has got the thing coordinated and eliminated the waste.

He will call in efficiency experts and reorganize his enterprilse from top to bottom, if necessary, until finally, allowing only for human error, he has secured 100 per cent efficiency. .

If it is worth going to that trouble to secure the best results from a mere human money-getting business, is it not our sacred dutY as Christians to see to it that God's business is made as efficient as human effort, inspired by faith and prayer, can make itt The trouble with OUT Protestant churches has 'been that, though WHERE 58 MILLIONS UNCHURCHED ,PROTESTANT AMERICANS RESIDE ALABAMA ARIZONA ARKANSAS COLORADO * ~~ -CONNECTICUT DEl4WARE >i ~ 3ili. >''; 'S, D., C. FLORIDA ===~ GEOIIGIA IDAHO i~ ·ILLINOIS 'Y///////U///////////AW//////M iNDIANA , IOWA ~W-= KANSAS KENTUCKY – To..15 : C.tholics 16.788.21<4 Jew, 3,388.9~1 Other Non-Prot. 139,709 LOUISIANA ProtesUlnt. 24,354,216 Not members of ~ny church 58.368.241 MAINE JEWISH PROTESTANT NOT M[MURS MARYLAND OF ANY CHURCH MASSACHUSETTS ,~ ,~ MICHIG"N MINNESOTA G '67 MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI MONTANA NEBRASKA NEVAOA NEW H""'PSHIRE NEW JERSEY NEW MEXICO NEW YORK N, CAROLINA N. DAKOTA OHIO OKLAHOMA OREGON PENNSYLVANIA RHODE ISLAND S, CAROLINA S, OAKOTA TENNESSEE TEXAS UTAH VERMONT VIRGINIA WASHINGTON W VIRGINIA WISCONSIN WYOMING —.. individually many of them have displayed a very high degree of efficiency in Christ's service, they have not functioned efficiently in relation to the Church as a whole. It has been like the parts of ~ machine functioning independently one of another.

The Interchurch World Movement was organized for purposes of cooperation, not union, among denomiqational agencies. It is a gtouping of missionary, educational and philanthropic organizations within the several communions, not to supply the details of a plan of eampaign, but to promote cooperation among the' churches, ISO, that a unified plan may be evolved and put into operation. The work must be undertaken in no narrow sectarian spirit. It must liJe the sincere effort of a united Church, if it is to make its full contribution to the happiness and Christian welfare of the new ~~ , First, however, we must know exactly what our objectives are: what is the strength and position of the enemy. These are the things that the Interchurch surveys are designed to discover. The Survey Department corresponds to the intelligence department of an aimy. When the surveys are completed we shall know, county by county and city by city in the United States, and country by country in the foreign field, what are the -religious needs of the world, and what is America's share in the approximate cost in men and money to meet these needs. . Then it is' necessary for the leaders of our various churches or missionary agencies to gather around a common table to consider the facts and figures revealed by the surveYls and to formulate a strategic plan of campaign. When .they see before them places oooupiedby Baptists, Methodists, Disciples and Congregationalists, EpiscopaliaIl]s, Presbyterians and others; when they have the out- line of all the forces engaged in this great world struggle which we are waging for Christ; and when also-they have before them charts of vast unoccupied areas where there are no workers at all- , then that Council can agree upon a plan in which an denominations will have their allotted share. The leaders can then return to their own bodies and societies; and while each remains indepeudent and autonomous in its own field, a harmonious plan,or campaign m·ay be applied to developing the tactics of their individual enterprises. It is the promotion of this spirit of cooperation, of Christian brotherhood among the churches, which is the object of the Inter- church World Movement. The broad principles or ChTistian love and fellowship are the same the world over, and those who come together in mutual harmony to carry the Gospel of our Saviour to the ends of the world will be better Christians, and better mem..

bers of their own denominations because of the proof they have given of their sympathy with the spirit of Christ, our Master, who prayed that His follow, ers might all be one. –

of the Interchurch

BY JOHN R. MOTT, LL. D., NEW YORK Chairman of Executive Committee of the Interchurch World Movement D ISCERNING leaders and in fact other discerning members of the churches, for some time have recognized the desir- ability, indeed the necessity, of a more concerted plan for the expansion of the Kingdom of our Lord Jesus Christ, and for larger unity in action in the carrying out of such plans ajs may command the united confidence and following of the churches.

About two years ago· M'r. James M. Speers, a layman of the Presbyterian Church, in viewing the experiences of the American, Canadian and British people during the war in associating their efforts to conduct a united campaign, asked the question: "Why should we not apply some of these same principles to the affairs of our foreign missionary societies1" He presented this view in a pa- per at the annual conference of Foreign Mission Boards held that . year," and some who heard the appeal could not get away from the cogency and logic of the arguments. The Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America, influenced by similiLT considerations, was led to take the initiative and decided that the~e would be some advantages in calling together representatives of the various foreign mission boards of North America to consider the desirability of a union of effort on the pa'rt of the foreign mission boards in attaining certain common ends. That meeting was held in December, 1918, in New York.

A memorable day was spent in Conference and the conviction deepened in the minds of those present that the time had come for our various Christian communions to draw more closely together for investigation of the needs of the world, for interpretation, and then, for action on a united program.

A committee of :(ifteen was appointed and then enlarged to twenty representatives of foreign and home missionary interests. Later the educational boards of the church$ were included, and as the discussion ~ntinued the scope of the plan was extended to include other agencies, denominational and even undenominational and interdenominational, o( our North American Protestant Chris- tianity.

At the annual oonference of the foreign boards in New Haven, in January, 1919, and the annual conference of the home boards in New York the Committee submitted their plans. It was the some- ,vhat remarkable fact that on each occasion substantial unanimity was ex:pressed that the time had come when we should come togethEl'l' and work together so far as we could conscientiously do so, in order • See MISSIO"UY Rlcvllew os 'l'H~ WORI.D for March, 1911.

177

that we niight more eoonomically, more efficiently and more fruit- fully accomplilsh the task before us.

The plan called for the creation of a General Committee, first of one hundred, which convened at Wallace Lodge and shaped the plans which have guided the Interchurch World Movement. '

An Executive Committee was appointed_ by the General Com- mittee, -and the Movement began to function almost immediately.

Plans were projected for the surveys .at home and abroad, and all the various activities of the cooperating churches or agencies.

The General Committee was called together in Cleveland in the spring of 1919 and at that time the relationships between this Movement and the various agencies of the churches, were defined.- At another meeting of the General Committee, held in Cleveland in September of 1919, further commissions caTefully reviewed what had -been accomplished up to date, and pointed the way for further development.

Intimate conferences were held with the leaders of the Forward Movements of the various denominations which had decided' to cooperate with greater or less fulness with the plans of the Movement. Still later, eXiperts or specialists were summoned by the different divisions of the survey to review what had been done and to help give guidance. In some cases radical changes were made in the plans of the Interchurch World Movement, and in the steps to be taken in perfecting the surveys.

An interesting group met in GaTden City' a few weeks ago, as a Board of Review. This was a group of men of wide outlook, of la'rge experience, of proved sagacity and judgment, and of the finest unselfish spirit. It was also decided to call together a large body of representativeiS of the vaorious cooperating communions or denominations. This ,conference met in Atlantic City, January 7 to 9 to view the whole task which confronts our North American Protestant Christianity, as it -looks out into the nelds on this continent, and as it reaches out beyond the oceans to all parts.

of the world. The plans or the Interchurch Movement were placed before the 1500 delegates that came together and after free and open discussion accepted the purposes and plans of the Movement and authorized the Executive Committee to proceed.

Napoleon, in speaking of a phase of warfare that has not been much in evidence in the recent war, said: "The time to bring up the cavalry is when the enemy's lines begin to waver, that you may turn defeat into rout." The lines, not only here in North America but on every continent, that oppose the friendly and -constructive ministry of pure .ChTistianity are not only wavering -they are breaking. This is the moment of moments for us to find our unity, our spiritual solidarity, in order that we may win world wide spiritual victories for our Lord and Master.

CABINET OF THE INTERCHURCH WORLD MOVEMENT AT A

CONFERENCE· .

The Interchurch Organization T HE ORGANIZATION of such an enterprise should be economical and adequate, capable of rapid expansion or con- traction, democratic in its representation of the various cooperating communions and agencies, but at the same time effi- cient in its methods, giving free play to individual initiative, with proper safeguards against duplication of function.

The "Board of Review," a group of representative leaders of several denominations, reported at the World Survey Conference their approval of this organization, and the expenses incurred. They expressed this approval in the following words: "Had the leaders, through lack of vision or fear of present criticilim, dared less, and prepared a less adequate foundation, they would havesubjecfed themselves eventually to far greater censure because of their failure to have oonstructed a foundation sufficiently broad . and strong for the great structure which alone will be in any sense worthy of the united effort of so large an aggregation of the Christian people of the land."

The basis of the Interchurch Movement organization is the con- stituency of cooperating denominations and denominational Boards that ferms the grouncwork of the entire plan. ThQiT represintative 179

controlling body is the General Committee of which Hon. Robert Lansing is Chairman and the members of which are nominated· by the varioUlS communions. This Committee outlines the policies, while the Executive Committee headed by Dr. John R. Mott works out the policies in more detail. The direction of the execution of policies is in the hands of Dr. S. Earl Taylor, General Secretary, and a Cabinet of nine Associate General Secretaries who are chosen for their executive ability, their experience in similar organizations, and their relationships to their denominations. Many of them are aLso di'rectors .of departments of the Movement.

Dr. 'Abram E. COTY, who headed the !Men and Millions .Move- ment of the Disciples Church, is Director of the Field Department.

Dr. W. B. Millar, for some years General Secretary of the Lay- men's Missionary Movement, is s.ecretary of the. EXe<lUtive Com- mittee. Dr. Fred P. Haggardt former general iSecretary of the Baptist Victory Campaign, is Director of the Surv.ey Department.

Dr. Fred B. Fisher, who was Campaign Director of the Methodist Centenary, is director of the Industrial Relations Department.

Dr. Daniel A. Poling, associate president of the United Society of Christian Endeavor, directs the Laymen's Activities Department.

MI'!s. William H. Fa:rmer, one of the leading women ()f the Baptist Church, is director of the Women's Activities Departm~:iJ.t. Dr: J.

Campbell White, former Secretary of the Laymen's Missionary , Movement, is head of the Life Work Department. Miss Mabel Cratty, General Secretary of the Y. W. C. A., is also an Associate Secretary of the Interchurch World Movement. Dr. J. Y. Aitchison, of the new Board of Promotion of the Northern Baptist Convention: is also on the cabinet. Dr. William Hiram Foulkes, general secre- tary of the New Era Movement oithe Presbyterian Church, is vice- chairman of the Executive Committee. .

The expenses of the movement for salaries, rent, travel, printing, supplies and surveys up to January 1, 1920, amounted to $2,035,000.

The amount to be spent up to June 30 next covering the period of intense activity through the United Simultaneous Financial Ingather- ing, will be based on the principle that the expense should not exceed 5 per cent of the amount of money to be raised. The expenses will be met by advances from banks, which are willing to make loans to the Movement without collateral and secured only by the underwrit- ing of the cooperative agencies. Ea:ch cooperating agency is ex- pected to underwrite the expense up to 5 per cent of its- own askings. It will not be called upon to pay any eXlpense money, even· out of its own receipts in the campaign, however, unless the amount of gifts not designated for any particular denomi~ational . agency falls. below the total expenses. .

Plan of Organization of the Interchurch World

GENERAL COMMITTEE (Meets four times a year) 155 Members of Denominations and Denominational Boards HON. ROBT. LANSING FRED. B. SMITH WM. B. MILLAR Chairman Vice-Chairman Secretary I EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE (Meets once a month) J Finanee 24 Members from tbe General Committee , Nominating and Budget Committee Committ. . JOHN R. MOTT, WM. H. FOULKES.

Chairman Vice-Chairman WM. B. MILLAR GEORGE M. FOWLES Secretary Treasurer I CLEARING HOUSE COMMITTEE I ORGANIZATION AND METHODS· John H. WiUiam.

. THE CABINET .

S. EARL TAYLOR J. Y. Aitchison Fred B. Fisher Daniel A. Poling General Secretary Chairman Abram E. Cory Wm. H. Foulkes J. Campbell White Wilt! E. Doughty George M. Fowles Mrs. Wm. H. Farmer Fred P. Haggard John R. Mott Fred B. Smith Miss Mabel Cratty Wm. B. Millar ADMINISTRATIVE GROUPS WITH DEPARTMENTS AND EXECUTIVES – OBJECTIVES GROUP EDUCATION PRO MULGA- F. P. Halillard, E",ecutive GROUP TION GROUP AUXILIARY Departments aDd Directors GROUP Daniel A. Poling A. E. Cory FOREIGN EXPOSITION Eueuli.. Wm.B.Millar Efl:e&'Uti1l6 Ezecuti1l6 SURVEY DEPT. DEPT. FIELD DEPT. INDUSTRIAL A. E. Cory SALES DEPT. J. F. Zimmerman F. P. Haggard RELATIONS Herbert L. Hill DEPUTATIONS HOME MISSIONS GRAPIDCS Fred B. Filher C. H. Pratt SERVICE DEPT. C.C.M""" SURVEY DEPT. LAYMEN'S LITERATURE ACTIVITIES 8.J. Herben TREASURY DEPT. R. E. Diffendorfer L. A. Warner Geo: M.Fowl"" Daniel A. Poling PUBLICITY AMER. EDUCA· LANTERN T1Ier Dennett PERSONNEL DEPT. TION DEPT. LIFE WORK R. C. Edlnnd SLIDES J. Campbell White ADVERTISING and Robt.L.KeIy DISTRIBUTlNG STORAGE and S. R. V"mton MISSIONARY FORWARDING EDUCATION C. 8. Clark DEPT. HOSPITALS RESEARCH and HOMES DEPT. MiI.. B.Fillher PERIODICALS C.C.Miles WmardPrice Frank C. Enl!liah J. L. Muraell SPIRITUAL RESOURCES MINISTERIAL STATIsTICS SUPPORT DEPT. W. E. Doughty W. B. HoHingshesd .. J… B. Hingeley STEWARDSIDP PAGEANT Ralph S. Cuo1unan RELIGIOUS F. P. Haggard EDUCATION WOMEN'S ACTIVITIES Walter S. Atheani Mrs. Wm. H. Farmer YOUNG PEOPLE'S ACTIVITIES W.R.Hall About eighteen hundred int!ividuals are now employed by the Movement in these various departments Each State. County and City has an Interd~ominational Council. There is a State Field Secretary and a State Survey Supervisor. The county and city organizations are formed by the cooperating churches and have volunteer workers.

EnlargiI?g Definition of

BY TYItER DENNETT, NEW YORK Director of the Publicity Department of the Interchurch World Movement L IFE DOES not move forwa'rd greatly in advance of its vo- cabulary. The new world calls for new definitions. In the last three years "democracy" has been the most minted word in the American vocabulary. Indeed, it was minted so often and put into circulation so frequently with less than its face value· of idealism and ethical conviction in reserve, that the word has suffered a depreciation equal almost to that of the RUJssian ruble.

Yet no one will deny that the word powerfully affected the wills of a hundred million people, and its constant use through the world is one of the chief factors in creating this present need for the restatement of practically every definition of human purpose and intention.

Is not the missionary purpose of the Chr]stian Church also in need of new definitions ~ It would be stimulating to the vitality of one's personal religious convictions if, every ten years, he were compelled to write a new definition of why he is a Christian. Words become devitalized with constant usage until at lalst they lose their power to move the will. The search for new words often stimulates creative thought and leads on to new experience. Any attempt to redefine the purpose of Christian missions, in the light of the newly discovered facts and newly awakened human interests which have been brought forwa'rd in the prust five years, will have the double benefit of making our purpose more intelligible to others and of stimulating our own personal convictions.

We pass easily from the realm of personal religious convictions to that of missionary purpose because the two are identical. They are as illlSeparable as the two sides of a Federal Reserve note.

It is because in the past we have attempted the impossible task of departmentalizing our religious lif~ and creating a department of missions, as distinguished from departments of Church extension and religious education and theology, that both Christian ex- perience and Christian missions have fared badly. In fact Christian experience is' missionary experience, and if the experience is not missionary it is not Christian. .

Forty-five years ago a great American poet apostrophized the age as standing "at thy temple door, heart in, head out." The description is now almost obsolete, for while the present age still stands at the temple door, conditions are nearly reversed fO'r mil- lions of people. The head is in but the heart is out. That is to say, vast numbers of people do not understand that what they hear in 182 . the churches, or what they do there, has a very close !relation to what is happening each day in the streets of the world. For them the p-qrpOise of the Church must be made intelligible, and this -involves a restatement of the missionary purpose.

In the second place, we requi're a new definition of the purpose of Christian missions in order that the missionary worker may not fail to grasp the direct bearing which his labors have on the tremendous issues of international politics, finance, commerce, and trade relations, and also upon restoration of healthy civic and … national life, the restoration of goodwill, and the draining off of the vast reservoirs of spiritual poisons which the period of the War accumulated. '

Thirdly, we need a new definition of missions as the trans-; cendent purpose of the Church of Jesus Christ iR order to preserve'

far us as individuals the vitality of our convictions and to stimulate apostolic zeal.

– Before we are prepared to restate the definition of Christian missions, we must study a host of new facts which the last five and one-half yeam of' upheaVal have created or laid bare. We must take into consideration the new political boundaries which have been established, the withdrawal of the Tights of missionary liberty from large areas, the economic questions involved in our dealings with the native races. We cannot frame the purpose of missionary work in any land without first carefully studying, in the light of the Gospel of Christ, the needs and privileges of this great hour.

Not only do we need. information as to the new conditions; new classifications also are necessary. The classifiCations, accord- ing to which Christian men are arranging theiT tholJ-ghts today, are many of them quite new. Some of these new topics are as follows: the elimination of waste; the increase of production; the conserva- tion of life; the boundaries of religious freedom; and justice for women. Under !Such classifications as these it is possible, yes, and neces'sary if the Church would have the attention of mankind, to state the old truths of the Gospel with overpowering force.

With the ascertained facts of' the new world situation and a new classification of human interests before the Church, it is now necessary to create an entirely fresh liteTature, and to devilSe new measures of missionary and religions education. The work of the home missionary among foreign-born and foreign-speaking groups of people in oUT industrial centers and agricultural areas assumes new interest and importance when studied in the 'light of sOWId ideals of civic responsibility. Never before has the nation been so exposed to the demoralization of materialism, the de-spiritual- izing of human relations, and the cheapening of ideals. The nation moves towaxd destruction_for lack of ethical k~owledge and

spiritual e01tvietion. It is supremely the duty of the Church of Christ to provide the nation today with an intelligent, integrated, reasoned· program of education i~ which the facts of daily activity are related to the eternall'aw of life as revealed in Christ.

So much for the Tealm of thought, for the creation of a fresh vocabulary. Now as to the realm of action. The. word must become flesh, action; it mnst be eneTgized. The consideration of this subject leads us directly into the field of ecclesiastical organiza- tion and operation, and in this field there is a lamentable lack of clear thinking and firm conviction. The world is extremely impa- • tient with ecclesiastical orgaIlization. It has a vague idea that there are too many churches, that they "ought to get together,"

that nothing worth while is being conserved by their separation.

When one analyzes the attitude of "the man in the street" on the subject of church unity, it is found that it is not unity but united and effective action which he is demandipg. He cares very little whether the denominations effect organic unity or not, but he knows that his own heart is haunted by a hundred moral questions which he is unable to answer and to which the churches appear to have no answer. He desires to do something as a loyal citizen and as a friendly neighbor, to help himself and his fellows out of the moral morass into which they have fallen, and he thinks that the Church fails to help him because there is no Church; there are to h~s eyes only churches. Having approached the moral questions of the day from the daily paper rather than f'rom the study of the Bible, he fails to understand and respect the moral convictions which actually underlie sectarianism. The churchman, approaching the subject from his Bible, with slight reference to the daily news, often fails utterly to respect the moral earnestness of the man in the street who is calling upon the churches to get together. What mankind is really demanding of the Church of Christ today is action,-moral action, spiritualized by the idealism of Jesus.

The Interchurch World Movement of America is addressing itself to an analysis and interpretation of some of these outstanding facts.

It is organized for action. It is at the same time engaged in the framing of an enlarged definition of the purpose of the Church itself. It does not claim to have made new discoveries of religious truth, but it is seeking to define the old truths in such terms of action as will make the truth itself intelligible to hundreds of millions of people in America and other countries. It is an effO'rt, viewed from the widest angles, to convert intellectual assent into moral earnestness. It is an effort to mobilize the moral earnestness of mankind for the upbuilding of the Kingdom of God. In so far as the new Interchurch World program is sincere it may revolutionize th~ attitude of mind and heart of men towards the Church of Christ.

"THE;Y WORSHIP THE;Y KNOW NOT WHAT."-NORTH AFRICAN MOSLEMS AT

Surveying the Foreign Fields BY RE"- F. P. HAGGARD, D. D., NEW YORK Executive of [he Survey Group, Interchurch World Movement T HE FOREIGN SURVEY is a world survey,-geographically, racially, topically, Teligiously and interdenominationally. It is the first thorough-going, all-worId Christian survey that has ever been made. We need to know the facts, let them be what they may, startling or even overwhelming. ,Ve may be so overcome by the magnitude of the needs that we can not do everything, but we will think and work better if we know the facts. With these facts of the situation in hand we can tell what we need in te'rms of men and money to solve the problem.

The heart and conscience of the Church should be aroused by the survey so that adequate support to the work will be given.

Every phase of the work studied in the American surveys,- education, hospital work, training of nurses, teachers and preachers are included in the Foreign Surveys of each mission field. As a result of this investigation it should be possible for the first time to obtain a clear view of the entire task of every Christian denomination.

The China Continuation Committee has a most remarkable survey already complete, and all of that material is at the disposal of the Interchurch World Movement. The right arm of the survey in China is the Continuation Committee; in Latin America, it i!'l 111

the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America; in Japan, the Federated Missions and in India, the Continuation Committee there. The crux of the survey is to put before- tlie Protestant churches of the United States a judgment of what is actUally needed to do the work in the next five years. The budget that is to be made up is coming from the field. Questionnaires have been sent out to designated men and women representing the work throughout all the field. The askings are sifted down to meet the judgment =–__________–=….:;.'::;"" of the Missions and of the par- ticular Board that makes up the budget of what is needed.

'l'ake the untouched areas of the world. Start with North Africa and except for a little fringe of coast towns the major part of North Africa, only a few hundred miles away from the land where Jesus Himself lived and died, 2,000 years after He came, is practically without men and women conveying His mes- sage. The central part of Africa r eveals a situation so chaotic that there is practically no man in the world able to give an accurate estimate even of the population, FACTS DISCOVERED BY THE SURVEY nor an accurate description of some of the regions in which there live tens of thousands, perhaps some millions of men, to whom the same thing has been denied.

Turn to the continent of Asia, sta'rt near the western border of China and we cross great areas of Central and Western Asia with approximately 50,000,000 people, who are practically without even the first mes sage of the Gospel of .Jesus Christ.

In China, seven missionaries have recently made a journey across an area so great that they were nearly twenty-five days in progress, and found absolutely nothing being done to evangelize the people.

Take one example. One of the Provinces of China, first to open to missionary work within thirty miles of a big city, has a mission station where one of the strongest American Boards has been at work for sixty years, and yet so absolutely inadequate have been the 'resources of that Board for the work that in an area with a population of 210,000 people there are today only three Chinese flv/Ulgelists at work.

In all, there are at least 125,000,000 men and women living in

SURVEYING THE FOREIGN FIELDS

TH.E;Y KNOW WHOM TH.E;Y WORSHIP-A KOR.E;AN CHRISTIAN CONGR.E;GATION totally unoccupied mission fields of the world, to say nothing of areas which we regard as occupied so far as the map is concerned, and yet which have in their boundaries thousands of people who know nothing of .Tesus Christ.

Questionnaries have been sent to every missionary in the field and one thing that these have brought out is that this unrest that is manifest in America and Europe prevails through all Asia and nearly all parts of Africa, until men everywhere are feeling that the foundation of things seems to be slipping. The censored press dispatches from Japan do not allow us to realize the struggle that is taking place there. History may well say that the end of the struggle in Europe against militarism has marked the beginning of the struggle in the Asiatic Continent. There is the beginning of a democratic movement in Japan and at this time, when the better element of the Japanese people is realizing that Japan is in danger of launching herself on a road that has been tried and found worthless in the heart of Europe, they need help. The survey of Japan will also show that the great rural masses, the heart and probably the salvation of Japan, has been neglected.

There are 800,000,000 people in India and East Asia, and in the last five years the number of missionaries we have sent, the current appropriations which we have supplied, the buildings and equipment have practically stood still. In the mean time India has

Is LvangelUed Ja.panli', 1 1!_ added 30,000,000 people to the population and by 1950 the popu- lation of that region conserva- tively estimated as to increase will be 1,100,000,000.

In Brazil there are 22,000,000 people in areas where there is 110t a single Protestant mission- • Untouched-30.27S.000 ary and the force of native Bra- zilians to do the work is so in- adequate that there is no hope of reaching these people, at the present rate of progress, for generations. Is it too much to ask for one Christian university in BraziH Cooperation is invaluable if we are to overtake this task.

In Hankow, China, we have seen that the Christian forces when united, even though weak, are capable of exerting an immense influence on public opinion. After the revolution the Chinese took the old Manchu camp and decided to make it a model city. They laid out broad streets and then began to erect a commodious group of houses which was to be the red light district. Hankow had been a city for a thousand years and there had been no such public recognition, nor legalization of vice. The movem ent had back of it a large investment of capital; it had back of it the Government fo·rces, and unfortunately it had back of it the very shining example of the model city of Shanghai with its foreign government. Yet when the united Christian forces of Hankow appealed to the great guilds of the city, appealed through the newspapers to the public opinion of the city, and then ap- pealed to the Government-in TOTAL POPlJl.ATlON spite of the fact that the contract INDLCEYWNANDAFG/IM'ISJ'AN for the buildings had been signed • $T~rlJ""IU'

[ACII DOT ' • 100000 pte,…[ -the Governor of that province wiped the whole thing out of exis- tence and saved the city of Han- kow from that shame and dis- grace. To accomplish that in Asia the churches had to co- operate.

T}le . Foreign Division Sur- .vey of the Interchurch World

19201 SURVEYING THE F'OREtGN' FIELDS

THE HARVEST AFTER THE SOWING-BAPTISMS IN INDIA Movement is making such a survey of all foreign mission fields as will enable it, in cooperation with the missionary agencies of the United States, to determine the obligations of those American agencies and to formulate a five yeaTs' program of advance, which may be budgeted in terms of men and money.

It is of course impossible to make a complete survey in time to render all the f'acts available in the coming financial campaign. but the survey is being conducted with such thoroughness as to insure the securing of data which will be a trustworthy basis fO'l' subsequent surveys. To insure the wisest expenditure of the money made available it will be necessary to furnish the cooperating agencies with the fullest information possible rega'l'ding the fields. In view of this fa.ct the Foreign Division proposes to continue the process of survey with all rapidity consistent with thoroughness, completing the surveys as far as possible in the Autumn of 1920, and to furnish the cooperating agencies entrusted with the expenditure of the funds information as it is received.

MAP OF TBE UNITED

TION PER SQUARE MILE, BY STATES: 191 POPULATION II[A SOUAR[ to! L[ . _ to . . . , 0–"' ~.. ,.4S CJ]ZMI ~U""

~.", Surveying the Field at Home BY REV. RALPH E. DIFFENDORFER, NEW YORK Director of the Home Survey Department of the Interchurch World Movement WHAT is this community in which you live1 HAT forces have made the community as it is~ i HAT kinds of people live in it ~ What are their relations to you and me in every day life ~ Why was the Church planted l1ere-and has it realized its pur- poseT Is it a vital factor in determining community ideals? Do the Christian spirit and purpose prevail among the people because this Church is in the community'

The Interchurch World Movement is seeking to answer these and similar questions for the denominations concerned, by means of its American Survey Department, which deal respectively with Home Missions, Education, Religious Education, Hospitals and Homes, Ministerial Support and Relief.

In making the finst approach to a c;ity to make a survey of its poplllation, community life, and the growth and present strength of its churches, prejudice against surveys often rises to block the way, for previous surveys may have exposed the seamy side of the community to the world.

But the Interchurch World Movement ',surveys are distinguished ill method from those usually taken either for academic or ex- ploitation purposes. The churches in the community are to survey themselves. Whatever share evangelical church people may have in the salvation of America will come first of all through self- 190

192()] SURVEYING 1'HE FlELD A'!' HOME

WHERE THE MINISTERS UVE AND _ _ _ .~ j WHERETHEYPREACH 1r-'– iL._._._._ LEGEND r.r-·J—-r—· 1I .. Residence of Minister I – Circuit Unes r-.ir·J"l.- -j _ _.-1. CJ Churches .J • •_J ,……J .J COUNTY N!! 348 A SURVEY SHOWING THE WASTE OF EFFORT INVOLVED IN SEVERAL MINISTERS TRAVELING FROM FIVE TO THIRTY MILES TO PREACH IN NEIGHBORING CHURCH1;S, WHEN ONE MIGHT S1;RV1; THE COMMUNITY examination. To be of value in making a program for the churches, all questions must be answered by the people themselves. Present surveys will do more than gather the facts; they aim to open the minds of the people and stir them to action.

This Home Missions survey will first of all discover the unchurched areas and groups and the unchristian factors in the social life of the United States, Alaska, Hawaii and the West Indies. It will also aid the churches to estimate their own material and spiritual resources and to discover ways and means to develop these to their highest fruitfulness, in order that the Church may shoulder its share of service. Some communities have more churches than they have laymen and ministers to support them, while other districts have no churches at all.

A survey in a southern state shows a cotton mill town where there are 2,000 inhabitants with eight religious organizations, six of which are Protestant. In the same county there is a whole

township six miles square without religious services of any kind and three townships without one resident pastor. The largest denomination in the county has only four pastors serving churches in the communities where they live. Another survey of a mountainous district, where there are five thousand inhabitants, shows a hundred and thirty-five churches, while at the other end of the. state, is a county with approximately the same number of people where there are but one or two nominal churches and no resident ministers.

To serve the community adequately and to be most economical and efficient, the Church as a whole must guard against this unequal distribution of her forces. The Interchurch World Movement hopes to stimulate a feeling of common purpose and destiny among the churches by means of a common understanding of common tasks, and by helping the churches of a given community to plan their programs together. In addition to discovering a more scientific method for the distribution of churches and for determining their programs, the Home Mi1ssion Survey will make possible an adequate program in terms of money, lea.ders and policies.

The surveys will involve a study of the needs of a city as a whole, those needs which cannot be met by anyone church or gl'OUp of churches. By mapping those sections of the larger cities that have a life more or less in common, and where the churches are face to face with similar problems, we shall discover the comtnon service to be rendered by the churches. Problems of housing, health, recreation and delinquency, as well as spiritual leadership, are being studied in relation to the churches.

For the first time an attempt will be made to measure the influence of each local church for the moral and spiritual welfare of the community. The growth and present strength of the church will be appraised, the efficiency of its organization, its property, equipment and staff, as well as its service to the comItmnity. After all the local and community factors have been taken into account, the needs of each church for property, equipment and staff, over a period of five yeans, will be set down. The needs of churches that should be classified as Home Mission projects will be admitted to the budget of the Interchurch World Movement.

A population census will also be taken, both for immediate use by the churches of the city and to discover tendencies toward changes in population which may effect the programs of the churches. A like procedure will be followed in the Rural Sections.

Special questionnaires have been provided for negro churches and communities, others for distinctly immigrant communities, small mining and other rural industrial communities, for Spanish- Americans, for Orientals and for American Indians. Special studies are being made of exceptional groups, such as lumberjacks,

SURVJ.l;YING THE FIELD AT HOME

migratory harvest workers, and laborers in the small fruit industry . and canning factories.

As' the churches are questioning themselves, other institution.

are also being urged to self examination. A study will be made, in cooperation with the American Educational Institutions Division, of the schools among the Mountaineers, Negroes, Indians, Mexicans in the United States, together with schools in Alaska, Hawaii CO~ETEL:JOQOD and the West Indies. .COMBINE~rDntnOOD L.JU 1tJ'uI In each rural county a county GQDDJJfTo:JO8DD OnQlw.–~-1D0 supervisor and a county survey L:l W L…–J BS88 D0mU U 00 ' ~~-;;;;;;;; council are aJPpointed to pass , L—-1cow: upon the findings. This council is made up of representative minis- ters and laymen of all the cooperating denominations in the county. Usually, the supervisor is one of the younger trained rural minister wliose church is willing to release him temporarily for this service.

A map of the county is made on which is shown the location and denomination of every church. The circuit systems, the resi- dences of the pastors, and the boundaries of each parish are also indicated. This map showls at once all the normal community centers and the unevangelized areas. The supervisor then proceeds to visit each community and each local church and the questionnaires are filled out.

After all information from the county is gathered, the council invites representatives from all the rural churches to receive the tabulated results of the survey. At this meeting the condition of all the churches in all the communities is discussed, and the un- churched areas and groups are allotted by formal action. The needs of each situation are taken up and debated and recommendations are made fOT a five year program. No recommendation is accepted without unanimous_ agreement.

Heretofore, the location of churches and the determining of their programs have been decided from the denominational angle, with little or no regard for the plans and activities of any other church.

The Church could not be true to her mission of interpreting Christian ideals to social and community life without trying to understand all the sore spots and points of social strain, the very process of which sets at naught the Gospel of Good Will which the Church proclaims.

Because of the human factors in the industrial situation, and b~cause industry so fundamentally affects the life of the people, it is necessary for the Church to understand all the condition that surround industry and to point out the moral and spiritual factors in these conditions. In all social and industrial organizations of the people there emerges sooner or later the question: What is right? Certainly, any condition of affairs that breeds hatred, strife and violence, any situation where cooperation does not prevail, violates the social order in which men should live in relation to God as sons and to each other a~s brothers.

It is for these reasons that the Industrial Relations Department of the Interchurch World Movement has undertaken to point out the moral principles involved in all industrial relations and to suggest some methods applicable t~ the present sitna,tion. No attempt is made to deal ~deqnately with either specific or general industrial problems,hut rather to indicate the Christian basis upon which these problems can be solved.

It is of the greatest importance that those who are to exercise moral judgment on the premises should know what the exact facts are in order that they may interpret the situation fairly to both parties concerned.

The conduct of our industries is a matter of increasingly intimate concern to every member of tbe community. Our clothes, our food, our fuel are made for us outside our homes. Heretofore, we have allowed the employers and employees to do work for us without remembering our responsibility for the conditions under which our necessary commodities are produced.

Industrial surveys are, therefore, of the very greatest importance as a means of informing the public of the way in which our basic industries are organized to produce the things that we need in our daily home life. The object of these surveys is not to develop propaganda for any solution of the labor or industrial problem, ana not to take sides with employers against labor, or with labor against the employers, but to get at the truth of the situation for an intelligent exercise of judgment with Tespect to the basic moral issuesl involved.

More and more we are discovering ,that all the Christian churches are engaged in a common task-a work of such magnitude and of such complexity that no one church, denomination or institution can conceive of making any impression single-handed. The real needs a:re only discovered in relation to common tasks and can be fully met only by cooperative effort.

AMERICA'S GREATEST

THE SPIRITUAL NECiLECT OF CHILDHOOD American Religious EducatIon Survey BY PROFESSOR WALTER S. ATHEARN, BOSTON, MASS.

·THead of the Religious Education and Social Servicli!, Boston University HE A.MERICAN Religious Euucational Division is surveying religious education in the home, the local church and the community. It seeks accurate knowledge of the religious education in these fields for the country as a whole, for each state and each denomination. The purpose of the survey is to secure a definite body or facts, upon which to base a program of religious education which may be budgeted in terms of men and money, and -with which to persuade the people of the country of the wisdom of such a program. It will establish standards and norms as a basis for measuring religious educational methods, processes and institutions. It hopes to lay the foundation for a uniform system of statistics and measurements in the field of mdral and religious education that will establish scientific methods of approach to school problems for the guidance of local leaders in the building of programs and bUdgets. Finally, the survey will interpret the data secured in terms of the standards adopted and present results.

Thus far the survey has revealed some very interesting and· very startling things. We find four definite tendencies in the field of secular education: First, a tendency toward emphasizing physical education. The curricula of public schools is being rapidly modified in the direction of introducing compulsory physical training.

m

Second, there is a re-emphasis of vocational and industrial educa- tion. We are pl'eparing our people for an industrial conquest of the world.

The third and most significant change is a tendency toward socializing the curriculum. Old courses of study were built around the physical sciences. We are now to build courses of study around the social sciences. We have taught about the stars in the heavens, about the C'rust of the earth-but we have not taught the youth sufficiently about the pe.ople whom they meet. The very kernel of the course of study in the public schools in the future will be sociology, ethics, economies and human relationships. This will necessitate a laboratory, and that laboratory will be the American community. The motto already adopted by the National Board of Education is: "Every community a little democracy; and every schoolhouse the capital of the democracy." If that time comes the Boy Scouts, the Campfire Girls movements, and other similar social movements will be taken over by the public school. The secular state will be undertaking to determine the basis of conduct and the basis of social solidarity of our people on the basis of a theory . of society which has been adopted by the public school teache'l's and officers, and which may leave Christianity out of account.

There is, in the fourth place, a tendency toward building a great national program of education. The Smith-Towner Bill, which is being so vigorously fought by the Roman Catholic Church, is a bill which rep/resents the ideals of our A.merican people for a great national program of education and which will guarantee to every child an adequate training regardless of whether he is born in one of the wealthy centers or in one of the neglected spots of our country. It is carrying the missionary spirit over into public education, and it is providing for a great national Board of Education with a Secretary of Education in the Cabinet.

This survey has brought together the largest number of American educators that ever collaborated on a single educational problem. Over twelve hundred people had a part in building a single score card. Educational experts, architects, musicians, dramatic critics, Biblical scholars, denominational and interdenominational specialists have been organized into working units for a really sufficient judgment of the facts which we find in the home, the church and the community.

The records Of pupils are studied to discover the number receiving no religious instruction, their training and age. We want to know the relation of public school attendance to church school 11 ttendance, the number of hours spent in public school in a year as compared with the number of hours given to religious training.

<tm4e tfl.bles will show the 4istriblltion pf st1l4ents ~HI ther go

AMERICAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION SURVEY

through. school, and progress H9URS OF RELIGIOUS INSTRUCTION tables will show why thousands PROvtOEO A~~LY· of pupils drop out of Sundayschools and public schools at BY PROTESTANT. JEWISH AND seven, eight, nine and ten years CATHOLIC CHURCHES of age.

The Religious Education survey will inclu4e bnildings and equipment, individual accounting, curricula, teachers' and officers' _ JEWISH superVISIOn, finance, religious 'ft~EKDAY SCHOOLS education in the home and relig- 260 HOURS ious education in the community. "If' -0£ ".nSTAI., ~CN IIlIST mfllEILME It will cover the field of vacation • FOR .ElImous IISTRucnaN and week day schools of religion, teacher training, young people '8 societies, community music, art STARTI,ING FACTS AS RI;;Y:F;AI,:F;D BY THE and pageantry. The survey will SURV:F;Y also include a study of special groups and special fields.

A few of the questions which the survey will answer are: How does the educational program of the Protestant churches compare with that of Catholic or Jewish churches? What is the preparation of the average Sunday-school teacher? What is his or her age and influence on the class? How many pupils join the church arinually? What is the average age of conversion? Are the Sunday-schools really giving their pupils Biblical information?

How far does this information influence conduct? Is church-going the result of physical habit, or has it been raised to the level of an ideal?

Through hundreds of questions of this nature, which we shall ask hundreds of thousands of churches and schools~ we hope to a'rrive at a system of education which will offer to every American child the possibility of the religious heritage of the race. This should enable us to spiritualize our national ideals and to preserve our democratic institutions. Now, if the Church waits until American boys and girls have finished high school before they undertake to Christianize them, the Church will fail, because the conduct of American people will be determined on the basis of the common knowledge, and ideals that are given to the children during these formative periods. Unless the Church supplies a Christian interpretation of these facts and ideals, the citizens of the future will not determine their conduct according to Christian ideals.

Education in

BY THE REV. JAMES E. CLARK I F THE Church of Christ is even to begin to do the things which ought to be done in the woTld we must have an adequate force . of men and women as Christian workers. Consequently, the educational survey is not a non-essential and extraneous thing. It is a necessary part of the program of the Church.

One of the essential things is to find out the resources of the Church in men and women; to discover what institutions we have for training these men and women; and whether or not those institutions are sufficient in number and adequately equipped.

The American Education Survey covers four sections. The first deals with the church colleges; the second with public institutions, that is, the state univeTsities, special schools, technical schools, normal schools, etc.; third, with the secondary schools; and the fourth with the theological seminaries.

While the Educational Survey is by no means complete there are certain outstanding facts w mcll are borne out by the results of the survey so far as it has been conducted.

The first is that about 90% of all the ministers and missionaries of the Ohristian churches come from our church schools and colleges. About 70% of them decide upon their life work while in the preparatory schools under the influence of the churches.

The temptations in this land are so powerful that unless we surround the boys and girls preparing for their life wO'rk with all of the finest Christian influences and ideals there is grave danger that few of them will go into Christian service. If we a're to have men and women for the conquest of the world for Jesus Christ we must not only maintain, but we must increase the number of Christian institutions, and must enlarge their facilities.

Second, we need numerous colleges, conveniently located, and of high standards. If you study the answers to questions asked as to why the students attended certain colleges, you will discover that the reason given above all others is that the college was "near home." The next reason given is that the college selected had high educational standards. The churches must provide a sufficient number of conveniently located institutions with standards as high as any othe1rs in the land if we are to win and hold and train our young people for the service of Jesus Christ.

We need also to bear in mind that endowments must increase two or three times as rapidly as the number of students attending college increases, because a college student pays approximately 1. only one-third of the cost of his education. Consequently, every time you get a new student you RELIGIOUS DISTRIBUTION OF CHILDREN have to provide two-thirds of the cost of his training to the insti- UNDER 25 YEARS Of AGE I.JN THE UNITED STATES tution in some other way.

Another fact we have to face is the enormous increase in the number of students attending state universities. Just a concrete illustration-75% of the students of the Disciples connection attend State universities and 10% attend church colleges. Out of the 10% attending church colleges come THE AMERICA OF TOMORROW 80% of the ministers of that JEW OR GENTILE? CATHOLIC OR PROTESTANT't denomination. What is to be ATHEISTIC OR ",,,.,OU", done about the 75% in the state lII>":t'~~MIM OTHJ!;R FACTS SHOWN BY THI;; SURVEYS institutions' If we are not to leave them absolutely neglected from a religious point of view a part of the task of the Church is to bring to bear upon them the influences which will turn them toward the devotion of life to Christian. ideals.

Now, in preparing our tentative budget we have not taken the askings of the colleges as they come but representatives of Church Boards, in the Council of Church Boards of Education, have decided upon a norm by which they can test the askings of the colleges. That norm is the minimum of the efficient college, ,according to a plan adopted two or three years ago by the Asso- ciation of American Colleges. Take as an illustration a Presby- terian college which asked for $1,320,000. We reduced the askings to $788,000 to fit what we believed to be the actual present needs of the case.

There is one thing that the Church must learn, and that is that the central factor in all education is the education of the will; that the thing we are after is first of all to develop a Chris- tian life. We must do something more than give mere knowledge and skill; we must bring men up to the point where they are ready to take all they have and devote it absolutely to the building of the Kingdom of Jesus Christ. The outstanding demand of the new day is for men and women with the devotion of high culture added to the things for which our Master came into the world and gave His life. We do not want training for our men and wQmen which is merely a training of the head or the hands, and which leaves the heart untouched-not the kind of education which under- takes m~rely the development of knowledge and skill and efficiency.

If we are to get heroic men, we must give them not only sound bodies, not only trained minds, but we must develop spirits which are devoted to the purpose of Jesus Christ.

Ministerial

BY DR. JOSEPH B. HINGELEY, NEW YORK Secretary of the Board of Conference Claimants of the Y. E. Church MINISTERIAL SALARIES T HE AVERAGE lavrnen is paying for the support of PER CAPITA GIVING the ministers less than a cent a week in excess of what his INCREASED WAGES father paid. In its final form this survey will show the size of the Ail» LIVING EXPENSES budget which will be required to meet the reasonable claims for the …. . . % … 1017 "19IS- 1919 adequate support of retired min- isters, widows and orphans. No I cause makes a stronger appeal to the laity. The remarkable increase V in the sum given for this purpose by the Protestant Episcopal '0 / Church, which organized for $5,~ 000,000 for the Church Pension , II Fund, and received in excess of $8,000,000; and the equally re- 6. markable advance made in the Methodist Episcopal Church, by Ii '7 which the amount of the annual distribution was increased from it $610,000 in 1908 to $1,397,000 in 1918, were due in the largest JW measure to the securing of exact information upon which the pro- 40 gram for the campaign was based.

30 [71 .P It is the intention of the Minis- terial Support and Relief Divi- I); ~~ VI ~ sion to place before the American public an exact statement of the : aI e— present provisions and of the 3i amount required to enable the ~'!l..~.S~ ~_~r.!!~ _._.00. Christian Church to fulfill its 10 [7/[7 ~~.~t~!~[~ sacred obligations to retired min- isters. <~ k – ~ mlsteml~SUPPor1 Already the survey has brought / a number of startling facts to light which bear on this matter of ministerial support.

Hospitals and

BY REV. FRANK C. ENGLISH, CLEVELAND, OHIO President of the American Protestant Hospital Association C HRISTIAN hospitals, homes for children, homes for the aged, and homes for retired ministers present a largely neglected field. No denomination has a National board of hospitals and homes. Few of these institutions have been named in the list of church institutions. Months of researeh are required to make such a list. No great national campaign has ever been put on by any church for hospitals and homes.

The first objective of the Hospitals and Homes Division of the Interchurch Survey Department is to compile a complete list of these institutions; and the second objective is to discover and tabulate their needs. Questionnaires are being sent by mail, and these are fol- lowed by trained men who make personal inspection and tabulate the needs. A consulting committee of institutional experts from var- ious denominations assists in making estimates of needs, and will make recommendations looking to a higher degree of efficiency and usefulness in these institutions.

The third objective is to go over the askingsand estimate the needs for the Interchurch financial campaign. There are possibly fifteen hundred Protestant church hospitals in the United· States, yet it is estimated that for lack of room they turn away from four to five thousand suffering sick daily. One hospital with one hun- dred beds reports that it is obliged to refuse on an average seven- teen applicants each day.

One home in the central West had five hundred destitute chil- dren knocking at its door last year. Only to forty-five could the door be opened. That means that the Church refused a home to four hundred and fifty-five orphans in this one district.

Although a few hundred dollars a year would provide an aged minister with a living, many go down to their last days without a home. Homes for retired missionaries, and for the children of mis- sionaries, are another great need. Such institutions as we .now have are strained to their utmost, and their needs cry out for en- larged buildings, for multiplied resources to care for the crO'wds whom they must turn away. .

It is estimated that the Protestant chutch hospitals last year .

gave away ten million dollars in services to needy patients. Through the Interchurch World Movement the evangelical churches of Amer- ica will know for the first time, not only the extent of work done by these institutions, but also the extent of their needs. Then by adequate estimates and askings, provision can be made through the financial campaign for their upkeep and necessary enlargement.

201 BY WILLIAM E. DOUGHTY, NEW YORK Director of the Spiritual Resources Department of the International World Movement T HE INTERCHURCH WorId Movement was born out of a great spiritual crisis. From the beginning there has been an unshaken conviction on the part of the leaders that the Movement was of God, a conviction that has deepened and has come to be shared by increasing numbers of people. Dr. Hubert C. Herring said at one of the general committee meetings: "He're on the hither side of these years of agony Christ stands with us and bids us go forward to a new and greater thing." It was inevitable therefore that plans should be made for undergirding the Movement with spiritual motives and power. The Movement cannot succeed without prayer. It cannot go forward without the presence and power of God. An obedient and willing Church learning the secrets of prayer and mastered by an unshaken faith will bring success.

The Spiritual Resources Department was organized to give direction to these phases of the campaign, but with the understanding that since the Movement as a whole is spiritual this emphasis is to permeate all departments and activities. Every officer and wO'rker on the staff is expected to be an interpreter and incarnation of the spiritual message. Some of the objectives of the department are: To emphasize the fact that the Interchurch World Movement as a whole is essentially spiritual.

To lift into prominence, in all the policies and activities of the Movement, the spiritual motives and power for which it stands.

To assist in winning men to Christ and His Church. To undergird the Movement with prayer. To cooperate with Forward Movements within the different communions in deepening the spiritual life of the churches. To discover, create and circulate literature on prayer and other devotional topics. To enlist a multitude of individual Christians to pray daily for the triumph of the Kingdom of God. To assist in coordinating appeals and programs for prayer in relation to special movements, seasons and events.

PUNS FOR RELEASING PRAYER POWER 1. Spiritual emphasis. ..A field campaign of great magnitude and scope is being carried through this season. Plans have been laid for the largest possible spiritual emphasis. Careful attention – is being given to preparation for the devotional periods. Time is set aside for intercession. There will be addresses on prayeT and kindred themes and much discussion of the principles upon which the release of power depends and of methods of deepening the spiritual life of the churches. The following is the devotional outline used at the beginning of the first series of state conf~rences.

THE ABIDING PRli;SENCE Jesus Himself drew near and went with them. Luke 24 :15. If Thy presence ~o not with me, carry us not up hence. Exodus 33 :15.

Only be strong and very courageous, to observe to do according to all the law * * * turn not from it to the right hand or to the left, that thou mayest have good success whithersoever thou goeit. For Jehovah They God is with thee. Joshua 1: 7, 9.

Who bhraosutghthtotuheheerhei?the*r? And what doest thou in this place? what And they said. unto him, Ask * * And council, we pray thee, of God, that we may know whether our way which we go shall be prosperous. And the priest said unto them, "Go in Peace; before Jehovah is your way wherein ye go." Judges 18: 3, 5,6, .

Let us pray: That the spirit of God may pervade all the seS- sions of the conference, and that He may have unhindered access to every life.

That all who are in attendance may face the issues of the conference with unshrinking courage, true faith, and unwitholding obedience to the will of God.

A PRAY!tR OF CONSECRA'tION "Eternal, Holy, Almighty God, whose name is Love; we are met in solemn company to seek Thy face, and in spirit and truth to worship Thy name. We come in deep humility, since Thou art so high and exalted, and because Thou beholdest the proud afar off. We come in tender penitence, for the contrite heart is Thy only dwelling. We come in the name and spirit of Jesus to make our wills one with Thine: to abandon our lonely and selfish walk for solemn communion with Thee, to put an end to sin by welcoming to our hearts Thy Holy Presence …. Amen.

2. The enrolment of intercessors. (1) A confidential list of persons specially interested in the Movement is being built up. To this group of friends special requests for prayer are being sent as needs and emergencies arise. This is one of the means by which the hidden resources of power are being released.

(2) Plans are under way to enroll and train multitudes of intercessors in individual churches. Many of the forward movements in the different communions have departments or secretaries set aside for the cultivation of the spiritual life of the churches.

3. Building the home altars. New emphasis and trignifioonce is being given to the place and power of family worship as one

of the great means of the religious education of the family. Literature on the subject and helps for family worship are being prepared and issued. The enthronement of Ch>rist in the home life of America presents a challenging call to all the fonowers of Christ.

4. Special prayer seasons. Programs for Watch Night and Week of Prayer have been given special attention. _Advantage has also been taken of certain other dates for prayer, such as the United Day of Prayer of the Women's Home and Foreign Missionary Societies February 20th, and the Day of Prayer for Students, February 29th, when the plans were carried through designed to help release the prayer powe'r of the Church in connection with the call for workers and the life work program.

5. The financial campaign. Plans are under way to call out the prayer power of the churches in connection with the financial campaign. Organized and underwritten by spiritual motives and power a financial campaign has wonderful possibilities of spiritual blessing to the Church.

6. Publicity. 'rhrough the Publicity Department a Thanksgiving Prayer was published in five hundred papers in the United States alone, and a Watch Night Prayer was circulated around the world. Other materials of this character will be sent to the public press on special occasions. Articles on the spiritual message of the Movement will also be circulated through the press.

7. Literature. Pamphlets and books on prayer and kindred subjects are being published in large quantities and will be circulated widely. Charts and mottoes will set forth the spiritual message, and a stereopticon lecture on the prayer life of the world is being prepared for the use of' pastors.

8. Evangelistic Campaign. The evangelistic campaign now in progress will culminate in a great spiritual ingathering in the churches on Easter Sunday. The forward movements of the different cOIIIDlunions, the evangelistic commissions of the churches and of the Federal Council and other agencies are cooperating to cany the message of the Christian faith to all in the United States for whom the evangelical churches are spiritually responsible.

There never has been a genuine spiritual movement without much prayer, and every possible effort is being made to lay with fresh power the burden of responsibility for intercession for a revival and fo'r the building up of the Kingdom of Christ upon the whole Church, The're is earnest hope that Easter Sunday of 1920 will witness the greatest ingathering into the churches which the country has ever seen.

"There can be no forward movement except as it is attained through a deepening of the spiritual life of the leaders of the Church and a real spiritual revival among the membeTs."

and Training

BY DAVID McCONAUGHY, NEW YORK Secretary of the Stewardship Department, New Era Movement O UR LORD'S teachings concerning stewardship-like Himself -4ave too often been despised and rejected of men. He came into a social order where the rich ground the face of the poor, where the strong oppressed the weak, where the philosophy prevailed that might makes right.

Fearlessly J esUls took His stand against the leaders of this world, daring to declare the unheard of doctrine of stewardship- That life does not consist of "things" and is not to be assayed according to the amount of a man's possessions.

That the Father in Heaven knows what things His children need and if they cooperate with Him He will supply every legitimate want, so that they need have no anxiety.

That "things," whether in the earth and its products or made fluid in money, are of value only as they are related to God's Kingdom of Righteous- ness, Peace and Joy among men.

That the Son of God is the Author and, hence, the Owner of all-both things and men.

That He takes men into partnership with Himself for the administering of His vast estate-the earth with all that it contains-in the interest of the whole human family.

That, in His own personal absence for the time, our Lord makes each individual the Middle Partner-a steward of the First Partner's part in the interest of the Third Partner-Humanity. ..

That, having the food and other supplies necessary for their best service, men should be content and should use their possessions for the good of others.

That, of the three compartments of income, Giving should be put "first,"

and should regulate Spending and Saving, and also one's acquiring.

That, only as a man learns to give, can he become like God.

That wealth, if made an end instead of a means of benefiting others, will become a source of corruption; if its debt to Society be not honored, it will be collected sooner or later at ruinous interest.

As our MasteT thus ran counter ·to the wisdom of this world, even the religious leaders of His day, "who were lovers of money, heard all these thing1S, and they scoffed at him." (Luke 16 :14.) The followers of Christ at first adopted His attitude toward property, and went to the utmost limit in applying His teaching. They even sold their possessions and goods and divided them among their fellow disciple.s "according as any man had need." They renounced the luxurious standards. of the pagan world, and lived the simple life in a way which distinguished them as a "peculiar people." The "Dark Ages" for the time obscured the teachings or Jesus, and it was not until the sixteenth century that the doctrine of J'ustification by Faith was recove'l'ed and not until th~ sevellteel1th was Sanctification through the Spirit again taught, ~s

But for the doctrine of Stewardship to be emphasized, the world has waited until the present time when the nations have been wracked by war and shaken to the very foundations. Now at last the Church has begun to awakne to its neglect of Christ's teachings concerning stewardship.

In the Autumn of 1917 a letter was issued by the Commttee for the Eevrey Member Plan of the Presbyterian Church in U. S. A. announcing in Presbyterian Churches-as indeed in some other universal in Presbyterian Churches-as indeed in some other branches of the Protestant Churches of North America-henceforth the Committee proposed to emphasize proportionate giving. Pastors were, therefore, requested to pl'omote the study of stewardship, as well as to preach on the subject, but it was discovered that there was, no adequate literature on stewardship.

In response to the demand for a text book one was prepared called "Money The Acid Test." The need was so great that 82,000 copies were distributed the first year, and the book was translated into seve'ral other languages. Other booms have also appeared, including a handbook entitled "The New Christian," by Ralph S. Cushman. Other material since made available includes a series of thirteen Bible lessons, entile.d "Christian Stewardship," four "Seven Minute Talks," covering Earning, Spending, Saving and Giving, and "Responsive Reading," containing hymns and Scripture passages suitable for Sunday-school or church services. A dialogue, called" Starting Right," presents the subject in a way to arrest the attention of young people. A set of seven Charts has also been prepared to visualize the high spots of this course of study. A" Stewardship Account Book," contains two forms for the use of those who wish to keep account with God in the matter of their giving.

The Giving Account DATU ITEMS SIIPARATED PORTION TO Glva GIVIIN – – .PORTION % Comparative Summary 1l0ln'll 011 YI!AI RECEIVED GIVEN % PERSONAl. % SUl!D '"

..

–

ENLISTING AND TRAINING

The next step after conviction has been obtained as to the Scriptural principles of stewardship is to secure action in the practical application of these principles. More thane one of the great denominations have appointed a church-wide "Stewarship Enrolment Day" using some form like the following: THE FELLOWSHIN OF STEWARDSHIP Principles 1. God is the owner of all. 2. Man is a steward and must account for all that he has. 3. God's ownership and man's stewardship are to be acknowl- – edged by devoting a definite proportion "-the first fruits- unto the service of God. 4. All the rest-what is spent and whit is saved-is to be treated as no less a sacred trust.

Enrolment Card Name I adopt these principles and will Address …………. '" ……….. . Date ………………………… . set apart a definite proportion ( …. %) of my income to administer for the Kingdom of God.

Many congregations have led the way, showing splendid results of a spiritual as well as of financial nature. The Woodward Avenue Church in Detroit held a Stewardship Institute, with a stereopticon travel lecture in connection with the presentation of Stewardship. The officers of the church were asked to sign the "Fellowship of Stewardship," before the matter was presented to the congregation. The Sunday-school is also being educated along stewardship lines.

A church of Grove City, Pennsylvania, has carried on simultaneously seven classes in stewardship, one for men, one in the Young People's Society, one for girls in the Westminster Guild and four in the Women's Missionary Society. On a recent Sunday the Men.'s class had sixty men studying the subject with keen interest. The class is led by business men, a different one each week. In this church, about 300 people have already become proportionate givers.

Today on the shores of every continent are rising the walls of a Christian world empire-a fragment, yet a model complete in itself of that great city, the Holy Jerursalem, which descends out of Heaven from God and where the nations of the Redeemed walk in the light of His glory. It must be the concern of all who bnild therein to lay deep and strong the foundations on which this vision of faith and hope can securely rest. Into those foundations mUlst go the solid work of education in the principles of the Word of God, including those of Christian Stewardship.

'fhe Stewardship of

BY J. LOVELL MURRAY, NEW YORK Educational Secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement STEWARDSHIP in religious parlance is usually applied to the trusteeship of wealth. A convincing case has been made by argument and from Scripture authority for the Christian con- ception of p'roperty, its ownership and its uses. But the term in generic. The strongest plea that can be made for a sense of the stewardship of money is on the larger basis of the stewardship of life. The whole is greater than its part. Our money is just so much of our life-a mobile, concrete, representative, readily trans- ferable part of our life. The set of the life determines the direction of its elements. Out of the heart are the issues of money and of all else. Where our treasure is there will our hearts be also; but the corollary is equally true,-where our hearts are there will our treasure go.

A hyphenated Christian is an abomination to the Lord. Divided allegiance is not provided for in His terms of discipleship. He asks us for the whole of life, even as He is giving to us His life without rpserve. "We are the Lord's," cried the great apostle, "whether we live or die." In those earliest years of the Church's effort and experience, with no momentum behind them, with resistance every- where stiffening a,gainst them, a religion that was real and that absorbed life in its enti'rety was necessary to the followers of Christianity. The Christian who tried to give part and keep part could not be a winning Christian. The tests·were terrifically severe and only the response of fully devoted lives could meet them.

Today likewise test~ the reality of OUT religion. The demands of the present are of a sort that will not be met by a partial devotion to Chr:iJstianity. How is the world to be led into a peace- ful and ordered life! Row are its wounds to be healed and its ways established in justice and righteousness and goodwill' And how is protection to be given to the recent investments of OUT living and of our dead ? Not by half Christians. Not by men and women who concede to their Lord a scant one…seventh of their time and one-tenth of their Income, fragments of their influence B;pd odd uses of their energy. "He must be L;ord of all, or He will not be Lord at all." Today, if ever, Christians must severely examine their discipleship to make very sure that they are not keeping back part of the price. "We,are the Lord's," or else we are not.

Il we are, we are bound to reckon our life, the whole of our life, as held in trusteeship. .

Particularly is this true in rega'rd to the specific use each follower of Christianity makes of his life. The world is calling alou$l for young men and women who will say, "Here Lord, is my life. I have laid it at Thy feet and at Thy word I invest it for Thee alone. I hav-e thrown away the little plan I had made fOT it; I have renounced selfish ambition as a guiding principle. Here it is, my one life, now Thine, entirely Thine. Lay on it the pierced hands of Thy mighty ordination and show me in what work I should use it and in what-place."

Only by lives thus surrendered can God reach out to touch (he broken, disheartened life of humanity and lift it into that Kingdom of His which is Tighteousness and peace and joy in the Holy Spirit. For the hands He would stretch out, what are they but the lives of men and women in all locations and vocations, whose discipleship is unbroken, undivided, and in particular the lives of servants of His who enter upon specialized careers of Christian usefulness to humanity? He needs great Teinforcements at once in the rankis of ministers, Christian Association Secretaries, social service workers and many allied callings, both at home and overseas.

A generation ago when the Student Volunteer Movement was born, the challenge of carrying the message of Christianity immediately to the whole of mankind was given to the Church. But the Church was not ·ready. Today, however, the Watchword of the Movement h8is been generally accepted in principle and in fact too, for the churches are girding themselves for a great advance abroad as well as at home. Forward programs are the order of the day. Unbelievable· sums of money are actually being gathered in for the expansion of the Kingdom of Christ. But the lives, the men and women from the colleges, universities and seminaries, will they be offered? The gauntlet is back at the feet of the Christian students of North AmeTica.

Now God is not so absorbed in the making of half a hinge that He neglects the other half. If He has prepared the field, will He not prepare the force to occupy itT He has opened the doors to the very heart of the non-Chr]stian nations of the world and brought mighty peoples simultaneously to a point of highly impressionable plasticity. Must it not be within His intention that a sufficient number of well qualified students to meet the opportunity shoul.d now enlist for His service ovenseas, complete their preparation and then hurry out to their assigned posts of service T "Go ye," He is saying now as always in His Church. "Go you," He is saying to one student and another and another, a great multitude of the finest of the college men and women of today. He wants the lives of doctors, nurses, ministers, teachers, farmers, printers, engineers, authors. He wants them by the thousands and He wants them at once. The churches are now voicing His call for two thousand workers for the mission fields.

"Go you and I will be with you." There is this wonderful thought in His summons, that only as one responds to it is one most sure and conscious of His presence. Here is a keen Christian medical student. He may not know it, but for centuries God has been prepa:ring for him a (special place of work in India and also an inheritance to qualify him for it. He has singled him out for college and then led him into the study of medicine. And now he has come to the point of deciding on the use he will make of his life. "The Master has need of it"-in India. If that is true, then in a special sense Christ is waiting for him in India and only in India can he fully find his Lord. The same ~s true, of course, of every Christian. There is a plan, including a place, for every life and in that pIan and place each one of us may experience a special fellowship with our Lord.

It is not alone for the men and women of the colleges and theological seminaries that the consciousness of life stewardship is so urgently necessary if the nations a:re to be redeemed by Christ. This ideal should be pressed upon the thought of boys and girls of hi.gh school age, not only because most students enter college with a fairly well determined notion of what they will do with their lives, but because many of these boys and girls who otherwise would not go to college will, if they hear and answer some great call to life service, decide to enter college in. order to prepare for it. It should be sounded out from pulpits in Iseason and out of season as the one basis of Christian discipleship. And, most important of all, it should be accepted everywhere by Christian parents. There is no obstacle more prevalent or serious in the way of devoted, talented young men and women offering their lives for foreign service than the unwillingness of many Christian parents to let their children go. Money they will give; but when the question is raised of a son or daughter going abroad to serve, then the grasp tightens, the heart hardens and the objection is rigidly set down. Today, quite as much as a sense of the stewardship of thei'r own lives on the part of young manhood and womanhood, there is needed a sense of the stewa:rdship of their children's lives on the part of Christian parents. They did not clo!se restraining hands in these past years on the lives of their sons when humanity's call came to their homes. Now, when the louder call of humanity is sounding and the voice of the King Himself is heard at their thresholds, surely they will say no word that will restrain such a response on the part of their sons and daughters in the colleges as will crowd the ranks of the Missionary Legion of the Christian Church.

So it must be in the whole sweep of Christian endeavor at home and abroad. The day is one of destiny and in every summons to Christian service there sounds a new note of urgency.

for Enlisting Life

J.. CAMPBELL WHITE. LL. D.• NEW YORK.

Director of the Life Service Department of the Interchurch World Movement M OST OF us are persuaded that the central and probably largest problem we have to face in the enlarging program of the Church is the question of an adequate supply of the right kind of leaders, properly prepared for theiT work. One of our home missionary secretaries said recently that the only reason why their estimates for funds are not much larger is not because the funds asked for are commensurate with the needs, but because the estimate has been made in the light of the known difficulty of securing adequate leadership.

The Methodist Episcopal Church estimates that they require 13,000 employed leaders within five years to carry out their program. If something like that is spread over all Protestant churches in the United States, it will mean at least 100,000 new Christian leaders in a similar period. And that does not take into account the fact that the program of our churches is rapidly being enlarged in its scope, taking in features of work that we have not included in the past. The recreational life of the youth should be taken hold of by representatives of the Church through trained Christian physical directors. There comes an insistent appeal for such directors from the mission fields as well from America. All of us who have had anything to do with college life know that the most influential man on the college campus is the coach. If the recreational and physical life of America and the mission fields were under the direction of men and women trained by the Church and inspired by Jesus Christ, it probably would be our largest point of contact with the youth of the world. – So the call for tTained leadership in every branch of the Church, at home and abroad, is upon us as never before.

How are we going to meet that need 1 Three lines of special cultivation are suggested. We expect to meet the minislters in a series of state conventions. We propose to ask all of them to make a careful search among their own graduates of recent years to see whether in these churches now there are not many men and women who have their collegiate preparation, and who with perhaps a further year of Bible study would be prepared to go into many of these lines of w~rk.

At the gTeat Student Volunteer Convention in Des Moines I met 191 men and women who have already pledged anywhere from a week to two months of cooperation in following that convention up by making the fundamental religious and life work appeal to stu- 211

dents allover the country. They are only a part of those who have promised such cooperation. We want to present the message of Christ to the student body of North America during the next few months, and to lay upon the whole student body their responsibility for constructive work in connection with the Church. This is the greatest opportunity of unselfish service that can possibly come to them through all their life, and a far larger proportion of them than in past years ought to give their whole lives to the callings now opening before them. In addition to sending in teams of from three to five persons to each college, we want a group of the alumni of each institution to help in the campaign.

Since the age of filrst impulse toward giving life to Christian service is not the college age, but the pre-college age and the greatest undeveloped territory in recruiting work is in these earlier ages, we propose to have in connection with 3,000 county conventions across this continent special meetings for young people of the high school age, involving all the young people's organizations of the clmrch and Sunday-school, gathering together all the young people of that age that it is possible to gather. We shall confront them with a presentation of the claims of Christ upon their lives, and the multiform opportunities now open for young people to p'repare for Christian work. We shall put in their minds the seed thought of the possibility of God wanting them to be in this great nrmy that is to help forward the victo'ry during these coming years.

Then, we plan to have one great field day on which we may concentrate in this appeal both to the parents and the young people. February 29 has been designated as a nation-wide life enlistment day. This date comes on the Lord's day only once in forty years so that it seems a very app'ropriate day on which to make this life enlistment appeal. That will be a great day for an appeal to parents to take their restraining hands off their children, so as not to hinder their going into any life work wheTe God is calling them. Parents must come into a new attitude of consecration to Christ and of surrender of their children.

On the evening of February 29th, we hope that in Young People's Societies, Sunday-schools and everywhere.the're will be an appeal to young life itself to find God's plan and to confoTm to that plan. "We aTe God's workmanship, created in Christ Jesus for good wO'rks which God has already pTepared that we should walk in them." If the young people of the Church and their parents can be brought to believe that God has a plan for their lives and then will surrender to God's will, and earnestly seek to know His plan for them, both pa:rents and 'children will be led to spiritual levels of vision and surrender and consecration to which most of them have not come.

of Denominational

BY MISS ELSIE McCORMICK C OOPERATIVE evangelization and social service for peoples of every race has been made easier by several remarkable undertakings of single denominations. The Methodist Epis- copal Joint Centenary Movement, the. Tercentenary Movement of the Congregational Church, the Men and Millions Movement of the Disciples of Christ, the New Era Movement of the Presbyterian Church, the Victory Campaign of the Northern Baptists, and other similar f<Yrward movements are full of wonderful vision, hope, and achievement, and give encouragement to such a cooperative un- dertaking as that of the Interchurch World Movement.

The first of the great denominational movements in point of time sems to be that of the Disciples of Christ. A missionary in China was slowly recovering from typhoid fever. The long, weary weeks of convalescence gave him much time to think, and his thoughts in that yeaJr of 1912 were not very soothing companions. He saw, on one hand, a small group of evangelists, and on the other a long, dim, interminable file of suffering, needy people. It was a time when there was a shortage of men and money, so that retrenchment seemed wiser than expansion. When this missionary suggested $200,000 to be raised at once for increasing the work in China some of his fellow laborers thought he must still be delirious, but !liS a result of his prayers and efforts the Seeretary of the Board of Foreign Missions became interested and a movement was started which aroused the Church at home and extended to the whole mission field. A million dollars was raised by a team of missionaries who toured the United Statels. This success encouraged the laying out of the five-year program of the "Men and Millions Movement," with a financial goal of $6,300,000, more than half of which was to go to Christian colleges for the training of religious leaders.

Among the results of the drive were the lifting of the debt wbich burdened the Foreign Christian Missionary Society; the opening of new work in Paraguay on a scale large enough to command instant respect and pTompt results; the building of many new hospitals, with improved equipment for others; the raising of the debt on the denomination's colleges; a large increase in the number of scholarships, an addition of at least $100 a family to the missionaries' salaries on all fields; an in~re8ise in the monthly payments to ministers on pension, and a tendency to give larger sums t.o benevolences than ever before.

Movements of world scope have sprung up spontaneously in many other denominations. A few year>s ago the National Council IU

of the Congregational Ohurches decided to celebrate in a fitting way the three hundredth anniversary of the landing of the Pilgrims. Through this resolution the Tercentenary Movement was born, stressing as its objects the revival of the Pilgrim ideals in church and state, the gaining of 500,000 new members in a five-year period, the reaching of a $2,000,000 apportionment goal each year, and the raising of a Pilgrim Memorial Fund of $5,000,000 for pensioning aged ministers. Already among the results of the Movement, Dr. F. G. Fagley reports that 656 churches received a total of 11,317 new memberls last Easter Sunday, in compa!rison with 9,679 received in the whole proceeding year.

No movement has had greater success from a financial standpoint than the Joint Oentenary of the Methodist Episcopal Ohurch and the MethodiJst Episcopal Ohurch, South. The original financial goal of the two bodies was $115,000,000, to be paid in five yearsa figure that was thought almost revolutionary in the circles of church finance. Later, the northern Methodists added $25,000,000 for war reconstruction, making the total $140,000,000. Last summer the Oentenary Movement had received pledgelS amounting to $167,- 000,000, and since then furtheT pledges have been added. Furthermore, approximately 600,000 people were enrolled in a great Fellowship of Intercession, 26,000 young men and women volunteered for Christian service in home and foreign fields, and 250,000 tithers pleged to give one tenth of their income to Ohristian work.

The Northern Baptist Victory Campaign was conducted entirely by laymen. Having its origin in an informal meeting of five church members, it iSoon grew to such proportions that its $6,000,000 goal was assured. It brought student pastors into nineteen universities, obtained $3,000,000 for educational endowment, helped the denomination secure a ten per cent. increase in the number of new members, and prodded no end of somnolent churches into action.

The New Era Movement. of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. announced a $13,028,339 budget for lalst year, and is credited with the enrolment of twice as many new members last Easter as were received the previous year. About $11,000,000 has been pledged as a result of this campaign for benevolences "for one yea'I'.

The methods, employed by the large church movements are in moet instanoos similar and include Fellowships of Intercession, Departments of Life Service, and the use of Minute Men-laymen who explain the Movement by very brief addresses at chu'I'ch services. The Methodist Episcopal Ohurch stressed stewl1rdship to the extent of devoting four weeks in every church to enroll tithers.

With its path blazed and made clear by these many forerunners, and with men's minds prepared for the vision of the new daj, tHe Interchurch W orId Movement is entering npon its task with great hope of success.

mTEftARY.MOVfHfIII

MfTIIODISTfI'ISCOMlOlllOt ~sofAmounts Rcceivcd Fir*' The Methodist Centenary rNe~onthsAfterCioseof Campai;t I £,cAHoruonkiliMApnunls BY DR. S. EARL TAYLOR, NEW YORK OntHuntlrttlTAousamlAlltrst:.lt T IS DIFFICULT to express the feeling •• -…. of relief and gratitude that accompanies the discovery that after years of forced economy in missionary work, there is actually a large amount of money in the Mission Board ","000.000 treasury with which we can carry on the King's business on a more adequ:ate seale.

In the Methodist Mission, Chaplain McCabe, some years ago, launched a campaign with the slogan" A million dollars for Missions": after ten long years of labor, the Methodist Church increased its givings from $826,000 to $1,- 262,000 for foreign missions and there was . . . . .000 rejoicing all along the line.

Next came another great epoch when the "Open Door Emergency Fund" was created.

-…. There was a time when the great rich Metho- dist Episcopal Church retreated in every mis- sion field in the world-8% one year and 2% on top of that the next year. At that point it was thought best to appoint an Open Door Emergency Commission and to do something to stop the retreat. In the five years that followed the gifts to foreign missions increased to over two million dollars. That marked the — second great epoch. Then came the third epoch; that of the Lay- men's Missionary Movement, and in four years' time the gifts increased still further from $1,300,000 to $1,500,000.. But the glow 4*».- of satisfaction came in the recent Centenary Campaign when in about four months after we had completed the Campaign, we had in the treasury cash-not pledges-cash amounting to over $10,000,000 for missionary work.

Let us hope that all the Boards will have some time soon a similar experience; and let us be ready to move out to do what God is calling us to do-to undertake on a more ade- ~…… quate scale the great task to which His Ohurch …, …… nm ….. r •• is committed.

from Denominational

T HE denominational Forward Movements have, among other things, aimed to set a new standard of giving before Ameri- can Christians. The Interchurch World Movement of North America would combine and iucrease the effectiveness of these movements and would imprint the new standard indelibly on the soul 'Of the American churches.

.Just how revolutionary the creation of the Hew standard is 'Can only be realized by a survey of the surprising results of certain Forward Movements. When the average giving per member to benevolence~ is suddenly raised from eighty-nine cents to a pledge 'Of $6.18 a year, it is obvious that something more than a mere improvement in conditions has taken place. It is a change of kind and mot of degree. Dr. William B. Hollingshead, the statistician of the Interchurch Movement, recently characterized the contrast between the new standard of giving and the old in this striking manner: "Formerly 'We asked for what we thought the. Church would or could give, based on what the Church had given.

"Now, for the first time in our history, we ask on the basis of what the WM'ld needs.

"This is the most complete change in the attitude toward benevolences the church world has ever known. All former standards of giving are going to smash."

The setting up of the new standard has meant largely bringing the giving of the Church up to a level with the nation's prosperity.

Ministerial support practically stood still for many years and contributions to benevolences in the Methodist Episcopal Church shOlWed only small changes until the Centenary Movement came and then the contributions to benevolences suddenly shot upward to about seven times what it had been before. Another point-before the Methodist Centenary almost the whole bulk of the Church was giving less than three cents a week to benevolences. The Centenary Campaign raised the whole M.ethodist Church bodily from the lowest class to those with an average giving per member of two cents a day.

Those close to the Methodist Centenary declare that the spiritual life of the Church was raised to a new and higher plane, even to greater degree than in the matter of giving. The spiritual results are slower in revealing themselves in statistics, but they are deeper and more fundamental than other results. The close relation between the spiritual and the financial should be kept in mind. No man will give largely of his money to the cause, or promise to tithe his possessions for the Lord, unless his soul has been moved most mightily. A campaign for money without the proper emphasis on the things of the spirit would be a failure.

216 One Methodist Episcopal minister testified that his church started out with only one tither; and in the Centenary Campaign secured sixty-four out of a total membership of eighty-nine. What the churches have needed is a job big enough to make them sweat out the germs of partial paralysis, and, like the man sick of the palsy, take up their beds and walk.

A still more remarkable example is that of a church that for years had labored to meet current expenses and pay the regl!lar benevolences. They had fallen behind until they owed several hun- dred dollars to the local bank. When the new pastor began his min- istry, he sent stewardship literature to sixty-one families connected with the church, and then preached a series of stewardship ser- mons. The result was that more than twenty per cent of the entire membership became tithers, all the old indebtedness was paid, and the local church budget was doubled. But something still more won- derful happened. For months the pastor preached on the great program of world reconstruction. These messages stirred almost the entire membership, until one day one 'Of the members said to his wife, "Let us build a church in India and pay the teacher's salary in the language of the natives." Another parishioner said to his wife, "Let us build a church in India and pay the preacher's salary for the next five years." Another member .said to her husband, "Let us educate a boy and girl in India the next five years." An- other said, "Pastor, my wife and I have decided not only to tithe, but to educate a missionary for work in 'distant lands; also to edu- cate a slum worker in one of America's great cities."

Missionary giving became contagious all through that church membership, until it culminated in the church's sending the gospel to one hundred and ten villages in Africa, to twenty villages in India, supporting two native pastors in India, and furnishing a hospital ward with three beds in Korea. The local banker stood up in church . one Sunday morning and asked the question before a crowded church, . " Are we managing the Lord's business right'" Then he announced that he was going to be a tither, and he gave $500 to help support a missionary in South America. One day the pastor called on a rich ranch owner and asked for a gift. She and her family give $1,000 aud she pledged herself to tithing. Nearly every business man in the community resolved to tithe. The story of that church has been the means of inspiring churches in three great States, and has helped many another to go over the top.

Sometimes pastors are fearful of putting on a mission program because they think it might prevent the support of the local work, but the overwhelming testimony is to the effect that those churches which have adopted the new standard of giving for their benevo- lences at the same time have made their support of their own enter- prises more liberal.

and Enlisting the

BY REV. ABRAM E. CORY. D. D.

Director of the Field Department of the Interchurch World Movement T HE task of bringing the fac~s ~evealed in the s:urveys before all the churches and of enlIstmg the cooperatIon of all the church members is a gigantic undertaking. That is the task before the Field Department which works through the regular de- nominational organizations and does not propose to duplicate de- nominational machinery. We want to carry down the results of the surveys, the stewardship message, the life work message, the mes- sage of intercession and evangelism, the educational message, to the 'last man in the last church.

At present fifty-one state committees have been organized in forty-eight states. Northern and Southern California, Eastern and Western Washington, and some of the other states feel that for geographical reasons they must divide in theiT state o.rganizations. These state organizations are, as far as possible, denominationally representative. It was decided in conference with the denomina- tional forward movement leaders that the topical schedule for the next four months should be as follows: ,January, spiritual resources; February, stewardship; March, life work; and April, evangelism. The financial ingathering is to come from April 21 to May 2nd.

In order that these great objectives may be carried out the message must be sent out to the churches by literature and by conferences. The first series is to be one of pastors' conferences in the forty-eight states. At these pastors' conferences will be presented: the needs of the world as revealed by the surveys; the way to meet those needs in life and prayer and study and money; the organization necessary to carry out this great program.

Following the pastors' conferences it is proposed to go into the more than 3,000 counties of the United States and hold county mass meetings which will call together as many people as possible. Then going down from these will be township and community conferences. We must go beyond anything that has been thought or planned in the past in order that people may, in an intelligent way, gain an adequate conception of the need, the supplying of the need, and what it will take in life, in stewardship, jn intercession and in missionary education to carry out this total program for the Church of_Christ.

Later through the denominational organizations, we must go to the local church. How fully are the resources of the local churches being used today, and how fully have we mobilized thl' total resources of any single local congregation? .Fully fifty per cent of the power of any congregation is lying entirely unu,sedin the work of advancing the Kingdom of God.

218

1~M". . BE S_T'~M'_E"T"H"OUD__S"=-,,T,,M~

W i>'" """

EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 45 WEST 18'1'H S'1'REE'l', NEW YORK CITY Working IDogt:tl}tr To be a loyal member of my own family and a helpful neighbor to other families; to be a loyal member of my own church and to help make my church a helpful neighbor to other churches-are two of the lessons we are learning to the profit of the community and the world. There are many among us who have been willing to live for our neighbors in a sacrificial, martyr-like way, who have never faced the greater obligation of lh~ng with our neighbors. There are many whose motto has been "For Others," whose lives might count for more if the motto read "With Others."

Let us learn to live and work with our neighbors.

EFFICIENCY THROUGH CooPERA· blanks to be filled on the admission TIVE HOSPITAD VISITATION of patients to the hospital. Infor- mation as to the church membership WHY should twenty-five pastors or church preference of patients was spend their time and energy in. thus· secured. One pastor was put calling at the same hospital on the in charge of hospital visitation each same days to study the register, t11:-. week. He examined the card index, ing to locate members of theIr visited all the members of Protestant churches and minister to them and to church~s who were in the hospital, others who may be in need? Why and read the Bible and had prayer should patients have a surfeit of with them· when possible. Then, by ministerial attention on some days mail or by telephone, he notified all and languish for a bit of cheer and the other pastors of members of their comfort for many days in between? churches who were in the hospital. Why should some patients be The pastor in charge meets special wearied by the calls of many min- calls and helps every other pastor to isters, while others lie on neglected give efficient service, both to those cots? who are church members and those who are not. The pastors of Lynn, Massachusetts, took counsel together to answer these questions and to work out A PULLMAN, CAR Th'TERCHl1RCH some plan whereby they could be SERVICE helpful, each to the other, and make Through the Royal Gorge the the service of· all the ministers more train had climbed. Every passenger thorough and effective. was solemnized by the majestic tow- The result is that each pastor ering peaks on either side. Never spends less time than formerly in did voice of man pronounce more hospital visitation and the patients impressively in pillared temple or receive more constant and systematic arched cathedral of man's building, care. This is what they did. In "The Lord is in His holy temple.

consultation with. the hospital au- Let all the earth keep silence before thorities the ministers composing the Him," than did the very silence of Interchurch Union of Lynn provided those snow-capped heights.

219

On the Denver and Rio Grande When the service was over many car "Ac.venture" was an Inter- of the members of the congregation church party which had crossed the remained to talk for a few moments continent for the State Conferences. with members .of the team. One The train had been delayed. It was young man said he had not been in not possible for the members of the church for years. The conductor team to reach Salt Lake City in time expressed his appreciation of the for service. Why not have a service privilege of attending such a service.

on the train? Throughout the day there were op- The conductor's permission was portunities for personal work af- secured and a messenger' went forded to every member of the team, through the car to invite the passen- who rejoice9. and were glad in the gers to join in the service and wel- day that the Lord had made.

come strangers to their "family pews." Then into the other cars the BIBLE CLASSES FOR HOTEn invitation was sent. The invitation GUESTS was accepted, in many cases with A consultation between officers of great eagerness, in some with curi- men's Bible classes of evangelical osity, and in others with languor be- churches in a large city resulted in: cause there was nothing else to do. A determination to reach every The porters and the waiters in the man registered in a hotel in that dining car were included in the in- city on Saturday or Sunday morn- vitation. ing with an invitation to attend a At eleven o'clock the congregation Bible class: began to assemble. Soon there were A card of invitation printed, giv- no vacant seats and standing room ing a list of Men's Bible classes,'

was at a premium, although there the hour of meeting and directions were few passenger~ in the car be- for reaching the church: fore the congregation came. Among Two men appointed to be in each those who joined in this interchurch hotel on Saturday night and Sunday service were two Baptist ministers, morning, to chat sociably with men two Methodist ministers, a Presby- who register at that hotel and to try terian minister, an Episcopalian lay- to register them also for some Bible reader, a Lutheran missionary class.

worker, a medical missionary from The outcome was a, large attend- China and a missionary from India. ance of traveling men at the various On the summit the train stopped Bible classes in the city.

for ten minutes. As the words of the 119th Psalm rang out, "I will lift HOW A SCHOOn OF MISSIONS OAME ABOUT up mine eyes unto the hills from whence cometh my help," a panorama There are some speakers of whom more impressive than any ever pro- it is said, "they always go back to jected on a screen was before the the creation." The writer of this congregation. Then together they is :doing even one better and is go- repeated the 23rd Psalm. There. ing back to the very first idea in • were no silent lips 'as the words of the Second Congregational Church trust and confidence rang out. The of Bennington, Vermont, of a crea- hymns were the old hymns dear to tion of a School of Missions.

hearts the world over. There were A member of the church mis- no stained glass windows, but unhin- sionary committee attended a sum- dered by art of man we beheld the mer conference in the year 1918.

glory of God as we lifted our eyes When she returned she brought to and looked into the heavens which us the first idea. For various rea- declared the glory of God and the sons that she could not help, nothing earth which showed His handiwork. was done about the matter then.

BEST

In the summer of 1919 another adults adjourn to the parlor for member of the above committee at- lunch while the children are served tended a missionary conference. On in one corner of the chapel. A her return she was able to interest church member of some years standthe new chairman of the church missionary committee ill. the schem~ ing has said, "I never saw a more for a school of missions. social, friendly time at any supper The chairman called his com- ever served in this church." There mittee together and outlined the plan. is the opportunity to move about After some discuJsion and some ob- and meet different people whom jections it was unanimously voted one wishes to see but seldom does. tv try it out. The one who brought the idea to our church was delegated At 6 o'clock at the stroke of the to interview the pastors of the Baptist. and Methodist churches. hand bell all assemble in the chapel The Methodist pastor had his work for the brief impressive devotional all organized but the Baptist pastor service. At 6:10 the classes are agreed to unite in the general plans. formed and the real study begins.

The following committees were Dr. C. H. Patton's book "World Facts and America's Responsibility" appointed: Course of Study, Publicity, Teachers, Devotional, Stunts is used for one of the adult classes or Impersonations, Enrolment and for men and women and is taught Refreshments. The Baptists and bv a man. Dr. Charles H. Brooks' Congregational committees mapped book, "Christian Americanization," out the course of study. The committees on Publicity and Refresh- is used by the other adult class. ments also worked together in mak- This class is also open to both men ing their plans. Although the committees did not begin their plans and women and is taught by a -wountil early in October the work went man. "New Life Currents in forward rapidly and the school China" by Mrs. Mary N. Gamewell opened the first Sunday in Novem- is the book used in the class for young people. ber. The Juniors and Intermediates The Congregational school attend- are becoming much interested in ance the first night was 102 and it China and Chinese life from the steadily increased until the total en- study of "Mook" written by Mrs. rolment the fourth evening was over Evelyn ~r. Sites, and from reading 140. Though there were some other literature suitable to their timid members who questioned the age. This group is called the "China' wisdom of such a school for fear Club." They have many Chinese_ it would interfere with organizations already formed, yet these objections curios on exhibition and do hand have been satisfactorily answered. work. The youngest children,. under The Woman's- Missionary Society nine years are taking an aeroplane at the last meeting had an attend- Lip to China and are learning someance of 24 as against the highest attendance at a regular meeting last thing about the children's missionyear of 25 and at that meeting last ary, the country's flag, and the cusyear a very special program was car- toms and life of the children in the ried out. The other missionary ac- world's youngest republic. The chiltivities of the church have not suffered. dren of the above group are not urged to come at this time but those The school meets promptly a[ 5 :30 o'clock Sunday evenings. After the who wish or whose parents cannot doxology is sung in the chapel, the otherwise attend the school find a place where they mav be cared for and may be able to gain some useful knowledge. / 6 :50 o'clock does not always find the classes ready to .leave their study and the bell has to be sounded more than once to call them to-

gether for the special feature at the very significant, especially in these close. The first evening's stunt was days when the ai; ing of miSSIon- aoout China. This included sing- ary grievances is apt to be considered ing the "China Club's" song. An- a religious duty: other evening a missionary pageant "A missionary in India takes the op- was given, entitled "Hanging the portunity gratefully to testify that when Sign." One evening Mrs. R. S. M. the mission board's salary yielded a Emrich tol 1 an intere ting story bare living wage, a Christian friend in about an Armenian lad. The fourth America gave the cost of a carriage for the missionary's wife and the cost of evening an original exercise was a stenographer to the missionary-two carried out. Plans for the last two evenings are well under way. items which greatly multiplied the effi- ciency of that couple's missionary serv- For apparent interest, real' en- ice." He went on to add, "The mission- aries desire no luxury, but they do de- thu:;iasm, and a touch of family life, sire the means of efficient service. If there has never been anything like the school of missions in the recent Mission Boards do not find themselves history of the Second Congregational able from the church's donation to raise the salaries. then let a few Chris- tian people of means help to make the Church. work of individual missionaries more By all means have a school of effective by special help." missions this ye r If you have not The next man to give an answer wrote thus: al;eadv don ~ so, but if you cannot, begin now to prepare for next fall. "The Mission gave me time for rest The question will arise, have we ca- and recuperation. Then I found opporpable teachers? You may be sur- tunity for spiritual uplift and inspiration at the Keswick Convention (in England).

prised how much gaod material vou Since then I have had some months of have. Just venture a bit and not deputation work (also in Great Britain) think that you must use those who with further opportunity for spiritual have always taught missionary uplift. I am most grateful for all the opportunities that have come to me both classes. There are others more ca- for inspiration and service." "My Board gave me a bonus of a pable many times if you only give year's salary" said a missionary woman them a cha.,ce to develop their tal- -who was a teacher. "This canceled the ents. debt which had been incurred by the In preparing for next year find high cost of living and enables me now those that are capable and send them_ to take postgraduate work here at home to a missionarv conference to study during furlough and thus make me a under wise teachers, Jhebooks for more efficient teacher on my return." "When I came home," said another, next year's work. These delegates "my home chUTrh gave me a purse of cannot. help but gain el.thusiasm and inspiratio.' from the consecrated $250. This enabled me to pay faT some leaders and missionaries whom they necessary medical and dental work, and also enabled me to do some studying dur- ing furlough."

will there meet and hear. Two things are revealed in these FANNIIC EVERETT WEBSTER. replies wholly without intention of the missionaries. First, that the FROM TBl!l VIEWPOINT OF THE present scale of missionaries' salaries FIELD is no longer adequate on the field, By Helen E. Springer, Central Africa and the other is that furlough allow- At an Interchurch conference of ances are no longer adequate here in missionaries of Protestant denomina- the United States.

tions held recently the question was How has the church made my asked: "What has the home church work more difficul? "By making done to make your work more diffi- me try to do the work of three men"

cult or more efficient either in the answered a missionary from Africa field or on furlough?" promptly. And that reply would Here are some of the answers. come from almost every missionary The first two replies received are around the globe.

19201 BEST METHODS

"By making me lay bricks, do car- The Committee on Invitations vispenter work, walk where I could ride ited every family in the two blocks if I had a motor cycle; by having to and explained the idea. The Comkeep bOOKS for which I am not fitted mittee on Menu decided on-Scalwhen a trained bookkeeper could do the loped Potatoes, Meaf Sandwiches, work better and free me for the evan- Hot Corn on Cob, Pickles, Coffee gelistic work I want to do. By making and Watermelon. Each family was me ride in a slow bullock cart when if asked to provide enough potatoes, I had a Ford I could do three times sandwiches and pickles for the memthe work with half the trouble. By bers of their family who were cornmaking me write my own letters, or, ing to the picnic. The Committee what usually happens, writing few when provided the com, the coffee with if I had a stenographer I could keep my sugar and cream, and the waterconstituency at home informed, as they melon. The Committee on Tables should be." visited two nearby churches and Morrowed tables to place in the Every missionary will testify to middle of the paved street, washed the great help received in the prayers llnd swept and roped off by order of the mayor. Tabl~cloths were of friends at horne. We know that provided. The Committee on Invi- tations defied the breeze by pinning if there were a greater number of place-cards to the tablecloths. The Committee on Decorations was made intercessors Qur efficiency would be up of high school lads and lasses. One boy, whose studies gave him relatively increased. knowledge of electricity, obtained strings of colored electric lights and "Won't you appeal for a school for connected them up. Some got flags missionaries' children?" writes a Bap- of all' nations, and others flowers tist. It is cruel to ask us to leave our little children in the United States when, for the tables. Families were not if we had a suitable school to which to allowed to sit together, except mothsend them we could keep them up to ers with small children, for this was college age." to be a get-together Community Pic- nic Supper, and it is amazing to see Conversely, those who are able how many people can live in the same block without knowing each to reach the few schools that have other; The Music Committee found been established where missionary sufficient talent in the two blocks to provide for the entertainment. children can be sent thank God for Announcement was made that at them and realize that they are a the first call of the cornetist all the great means of increasing their own women should come from their homes with the hot dishes and sandefficiency and also of training others. wiches, and put them on the table anywhere. At the second call all the One note is sounded that appeals guests were to come and search until they found their place cards. to every missionary heart. This Chairs were provided by people man writes: "The heathen do not living on either side of the street. The watermelon, which had been thwart the missionary's work ·as cut and placed on the table, gave a good color scheme. Coffee appeared much as the non-Ch,istian conduct at intervals in large pitchers.

of the nominal Christians." Two hundred and fifty-eight of us sat down as neighbors to.:ether.' A COMMUNITY PICNIO SUPPER Surely a new day is dawning when the mayor of a great city issued an order that a street "hall be washed and swept and roped off for a Com- munity Supper. From Minneapolis comes this story.

A few women in two contiguous blocks were invited to a home one evening to comider the plans for a Community Picnic Supper. Their enthusi:..sm was great anl the fol- lowing committees were appointed: Invitations Music Menu Speakers Tables Finance Decorations Games

At the close of the meal all scraps sounded. Suddenly the clicking of were put in large paper bags, do- typewriting machines ceased. There nated by a nearby grocery firm, and was an absolute stillness. Girls the Table Committee cleared away stopped writing in the middle of a all signs of the picnic and arranged sentence; men and women paused the chairs around the platform just where they were-for the noon- which had been built out from a tide prayer of the Interchurch World vacant lot. On this was a piano and Movement. room for our volunteer orchestra and speakers, which included the Mayor, Not in that one building only, but Chief of Police and an Alderman in many of the denominational and from our Ward. The "City Com- ip.terdenominational offices through- munity Sing" leader was there, and out New York and throughout the under his inspiring leadership we world, as the clock strikes twelve S'lng ourselves hoarse. Then came there comes the call to silent prayer very short speeches, followed by that the great commission of our games. Lord and Saviour may be carried out and His salvation be made The whole spirit of our community known to the ends of the earth. has been changed by our getting to- gether in tliis way. The morning "Not by might, nor by power, but after the picnic a man across the by my spirit saith the Lord." street from the home of a widow whose daughter goes to work daily, REGULAR VISITORS AT THE came over and said: "I notice you go downtown every morning about COUNTY HOME the time I drive down. Why not ride with us? There's plenty of "Over the hills to the poor house" room." A plumber across the alley was robbed of much of its sadness came to his neighbor and said: "You by the cooperation of some purpose- need not bother to get a plumber to ful young people in a southern city. _. do small jobs for you, let me do it." When the milk drivers went on a When these young. people decided strike in the fall, a husband said to that their program had been clade up his wife: "Now there are several of services entirely, with practically babies in these two blocks. You no service, they began to make a send the maid to those homes where community survey to see what op- there are babies and get the empty pGrtunities for real service they milk bottles and I will send the car could discover. Among other dis- around to get certified milk for all coveries they found there were no our babies." regular religious services held in the county home which was located only Everybody is looking forward to a few miles from their city. Repre- another Community Picnic. ' sentatives of the young people's leagues of the various evangelical WHEN THE CLOCK STRIKES churches were called together. They worked out plans and schedules to TWELVE provide regular services and special celebrations for the lonely, neglected The clock on the tower struck residents in that "home" that had twelve. The crowds on the streets been so pathetically misnamed. of New York rushed on. The noise They went with musical instruments of the cars, the whir of automobiles, and interesting programs. As friend- the warnings of horns and clanging ships were formed there were many bells, the sharp gongs of speeding little "surprise boxes" slipped into ambulances filled the ears of the trembling did hands. hurrying throng pushing along the streets. Each League or Christian En- deavor was assigned regular and As the clock struck twelve a gong special days, for which its members were responsible.

CONTACTS WITH THE

HOME FIELDS . HOME BOARDS . FOREIGN BOARDS FOREIGN FIELDS No. Moravian So. Presby. Presby. … '.'6fftr~.'" Amer. Presby. U.S. Reformed Reformed U. S. United Brethren CO-OPERATIVE CONTACTS WITH THE FIELDS HOME MISSIONS DENOMINATIONAL FOREIGN FIELDS REPRESENT A T1VES frontiers– Indians— Negroes— Immigrants- Orientals– Mexicans– Rural—- Alaska— —:::::;;"

Mormons– Cities—- Industrial– Special— How THE EDITOR· OF THE REVIEW PRESENTSD, BY A BLACKBOARD DIAGRAM BI';FORI'; A LOCAL CHURCH, THE NEED FOR DENOMINATIONAL COOpERATION IN HOME AND FOREIGN MISSIONS 225

Woman's Home Mission

EDITIID BY MISS F~ORltNCE E. QUINLAN, ExECUTIVE SECRETARY Olf THF; COUNCIL ot WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS EXCERPTS FROM THE ANNUAL REPORTS Dr. John R. Matt, at the recent The School of Missions has dem- World Survey Conference of the In- onstrated itself to be a most fruitful terchurch World Movement, spoke of avenue of approach to the individual the fundamental requisite for all co- life of young and old. Its opporoperative work-the generating of tunity for reaching both women and an atmosphere. He quoted a phrase girls grows larger each year;' regisused at the historic Edinburgh Con- trations are increasing, the activities ference: "To loathe to differ and to are more varied, and the results more determine to understand," and he and more real. It is a ripe field for further amplified as follows: "To de- recruiting for mission work and for termine to understand especially furnishing training for leaders. those from whom we differ." At the last annual meeting it was The object of the Council of Wo- voted to secure an Executive Secremen for Home Missions, as stated in tary familiar both with Board work the Constitution, is "to unify the ef- and the w"rk of the Council. Durforts !'f the National Women's Home ing the weeks in which search was Mission Boards and Societies by made for a suitable person it became consultation and by cooperation in increasingly evident that the Council action." And this implies that in its needed someone at headquarters able outreach the Council shall, by its to supervise the t~chnical part of very existence, loathe to differ and publication which had grown to be be determined to understand, espe- too large a task to ask of volunteers. cially those from whom it mig-ht dif- Miss Florence E. Quinlan, who had fer. The story of the year reads as been a member of the Woman's a page of cooperation, cooperation Board of Home Misisoris, Presbywith various and varied organiza- terian, for seven years and who had tions. served as Chairman of the Literature Committee of that Board; who had A request from the Women's Mis- also for more than a year been a sionary Society of the Presbyterian member of the Committee on Study Church in Canada, Western Division, Courses and Literature of the Counto become affiliated with the Coun- cil, was elected for that office and cil was received and a hearty wel- assumed her duties April 21, 1919. come was extended. At present there are seventeen denominational The Council publishes the adult women's Boards constituent to the and junior Home Mission textbooks Council and two consulting Boards: for use by women's and young peothe National Board of the Young ple's study groups. In the publica- Women's Christian Associations and tion of the adult book for 1919-20, the National Board of the Woman's "Christian Americanization, A Task Christian Temperance Union. for the Churches," the Missionary Education Movement cooperated with Twelve Schools of Missions are the Council ·instead of publishing a affiliated, the latest accessions to the separate book. For the first time a family being Bay View, Michigan, study book bearing the Council's imand Chambersburg, Pennsylvania.

226 print has passed the 100,000 mark. of Women's financial expenditure This increased sale is due to our new being met to a large degree by a partnership and, in larger measure, fund received from the International to the intrinsic value of the book, Council of Women for Patriotic the timeliness of the theme, and the Service. "Two Bibles," an illumi- steady growth of the Council's con- nating leaflet, was written by Mrs.

stituency. For 1920-21, the Mission- George. W. Coleman on request of ary Education Department of the the Council. It sets forth a few Interchurch World ~lovement, which fac. ~ in regard to issues of the Bible now functions in place of the Mis- recently published or provided by the sionary Education Movement, and Mormon Church.

the Council are to publish jointly the A sjnthesis of the work done junior, as well as the adult book on among the foreign-tongued by the the theme "The Church and the Boards constituent to the Council has Community." Also a considerable been compiled and copies sent to each portion, if not the entire output of Board. .

supplemental material will be pub- A Committee' representing the lished jointly. The Council believes Home Missions Council, the Council that the theme for the 1920 book of Women for Home Missions, the will strike the rising tide of church Young Men's Christian Association, feeling and sentiment as did that of and the Young Women's Christian last year. The Council is fortunate Association has been appointed to in securing for the author of this provide a more adequate program book Ralph E. Diffendorfer, head of for the religious education of Inthe ~Tome Survey Department of the dians, especially in regard to cooper- Interchurch Vorld Movement, who ative work in Indian Schools. This is widely known for his unique ex- joint committee on Indians affairs perience in the field of this subject; held a conference at Wichita, Kanequally fortunate in the author of sas, September 24-26, which was atthe Junior book, Jay T. Stocking, tended by workers in the Indian field D. D., who will present the theme in -and representatives of Boards, of story form. . the Government, and of many Indian During the past year the usual tribes.

leaders' helps for adult and junior A report was presented at the an- books, a devotional service for use nual meeting in January, 1919, in- with the adult textbook, a short pag- dicating the need of permanent or- eant, a program for the observance of ganization by which neglected areas Home Mission Week on the theme, may be hunted out, surveyed, and "The Soul of Democracy; Christian the needs discovered and met,either Service, Personal and Social," a set by joint action or by assigning re- of posters, and incidental leaflets. have sponsibility to denominations. (A been published. In passing, it is inter- recommendation from the Inter- esting to note the cordial cooperation church World Movement was pre- of the Treasury Department of the sented to the Council at the 1920 an- Government in presenting to the nual meeting in regard to this mat- Council 10,000 Victory Liberty Loan ter. Information as to definite de- "Americans All" posters showing list velopments will be- given in. a later of representative names of men in' issue of the Bulletin.) service whose nomenclature betokens The Council has continued to greatly varied parental nationalities. maintain the Woman's Home Mis- The Council of Women united sion Bulletin, by-monthly in the MIS- with the Home Missions C011ncil in SIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD) arranging for the publication of under the same annual plan of four "The Foundations of Mormonism" pages in six issues, alternating with by William E. La Rue, the Council the Wo~an's Foreign Mission Bul-

letin. Mrs. O. R. Judd was the aration for the observance of the editor during the early Q10nths of the iunnicteodnfoDrmayityinwi1t9h191.918C,otnhseeqTuheunrtlsy~ year, but felt obliged to resign and day in Home Mission Week, 1919. beginning with the May issue the was selected as the Dav of Praver Executive Secretary has had charge for Home Missions, and a program of the Bulletin. was prepared for its observance. The Federation of Woman's Boards Seven of the constituent Boards of Foreign Missions had observed a have Secretaries for Student Work, day in January, 1919. (February 20, two work in cooperation with the 1920, was the first united Day of Student Secretaries of the general Prayer for Missions.) Church Boards; in seven the work is conducted jointly with the foreign It has been the conviction of the Boards. A majority prepare special Council that there should be some literature for young women students; integration of the various women's all except one sent representatives to societies of the local churches and Y. W. C. A. Conferences in 1919 that there should be an earnest and and nearly all were represented in a rousing call to the women of the girls' camps in connection with Sum- Church to dedicate themselves to mer Schools. Christian service. The increasing demand for women's local federa- The Council was represented at a tions and the enlarged scope of their conference called by the Student work has necessitated, that, the rela- Committee of the Y. W. C. A. in- tionship of local federations organcluding representatives of the Fed- ized by the Federal Council and eration of Woman's Boards of For- those organized by the Council of eign Missions and the Council of Women and the Federation of Wo- Women to consider the adequacy of man's Boards of Foreign Missions the presentation of missions in be carefully considered. The Counschools and colleges. It was feIt cil has, therefore, been in close conthat the Home Mission study courses sultation and cooperation with the provided for students in schools and Federation of Woman's Boards of colleges were not' fully satisfactory Foreign Missions, and the Commisand that a more adequate program sion on Interchurch Federations of of instruction should be provided. the Federal Council of Churches of Steps have been taken to secure this. Christ in regard to the organizing of local Federations of Church Women. A high water mark was reached At the present time there are about in 1919 by the Home Mission Insti- 165 federations listed. A suggested tute at Chautauqua, there being a constitution for such federations has registration of 1160. been approved.

On September 18, 1918. in accord- The Council was represented at the ance with the wishes of the women AlI~Board Conference of the Interof the churches, the Council of Wo- church World Movement in Clevemen voted that a specific day be land, Ohio, April 3D-May 1, and at permanently set aside as a Day of the 'World Survey Conference at At- Prayer for World Wide Missions. lantic City, N. J., January 7-10, 1920. In October of the s e year the Fed- The President of the Council is one eration of Woman's Boards of For- of the three women on the Execueign Missions voted that the first tive Committee of the Movement. An Advisory Committee has been Ft;iday in Lent be adopted for the formed to counsel with the Missionannual· observance of this Day of ary Education Department of the Prayer, and in November the Coun- Movement, on which committee all cil of Women ratified that choice of Boards, as well as the Home Misday. The date of appointment by the Council and Federation of the sub-committee on the Day of Prayer precluded effectiv~ pUblicity or prep-

sions Council, the Foreign Missions Committee of the Federal Council. Conference, the Federation of Wo- The Council of Women was repreman's Boards of Foreign Missions, sented at the special meeting of the and the Council of Women for Federal Council in Cleveland, May Home Missions are represented, the 6-8. Items of special interest to the combined group functioning in the Council at this meeting were: the place of the former Committee of formation of an Editorial Council of the Religious Press, the proposed Twenty-eight. change in the constitution of the Federal Council, whereby interde- An advisory committee consisting nominational organizations would be of representatives of the Council, the admitted to the Federal Council as Federation of Woman's Boards of affiliated organizations with mem- Foreign . Missions and the Inter- bership on the Executive Committee church World Movement, has con- and on Commissions, the discharge sidered the relation of the Federa- of the War Time Commission, and tion, the Council, Women's Boards, the endorsement of the Interchurch and local federations of church World Movement. A meeting of the women to the Interchurch World Executive Com·m;ttee of the Federal Movement, and particularly to its Council was held in Baltimore, Md., Women's Activities Department. December 10-12. For the first time, the Federal Council had invited The Interchurch World Move- affiliated bodies to make short reports ment, through the Director of the of their cooperative work; accord- Home Missions Survey, requested ingly,' the Executive Secretary prethe Executive Committee of the sented such a report to the Com- Council to constitute itself the Sur- mittee. vey Committee in behalf of the Women's Home Mission Boards and The advisability of the closest de- gree of cooperation between the Societies to cooperate in the Home Missions survey and program. The Council of Women and the Home object of this survey IS to study the Missions Council has been proved. country in its home mission aspects The two Councils have for the past in order to determine an adequate two years together prepared the probudget for five years for carrying gram for their annual meetings and on the work on an efficiency basis, to have conducted a large part of the complete a program that will ade- meetings in joint session. This year quately care for a1l the unchurched this is again true, the purely business regions and aU the unchurched matters being considered in separate groups in the United States, to erect ses~ion. Members of the Council of standards and to bring up to an Women have served on committees efficiency basis all approved projects, of the Home Missions Council. It and to establish a more economical is now planned. however, to increase use of the Lord's money by elimin- this cooperation by the formation of ating overlapping and overchurching. joint committees representing all A carefully itemized survey was common line3 of work. made. with full data of work done by the boards constituent to the "Keep together, keep together, for Counc:t, tabulated 1::uth by denomina- one man cannot take a trench." Mr. tions and by groups of people served, Sherwood Eddv I ~ports having heard and was delivered to the Survey De- an officer can this out to his men on partment on the first of November. a field of battle in the recent war. Several members of the Council May the Council. keeping together, of Vomen have ser:ed on Commis- working together, generate an atmossions of the Federal Council of the phere of faith, and so be able, not Churches of C1.rist in America, and only to believe, but to accomplish the the President is one of the two women members of the Administrative impossible and to see the Unseen.

A Chinese View of China's

T HE EDUCATED Christian Chinese are the sanest; most dependable leaders in China. Dr. C. T. Wang, late Speaker of the Chinese House of Commons and one of the most able of Chinese Christians, recently wrote on the present needs of China. In his view, the present outlook is exceedingly dark, but he sees the true source of difficulty and the real hope for brighter days. He says: "When we do not know what to do, humanly speaking, we have only to turn to the Throne of Grace.; to rememher that God rules the world, and that the destinies of all nations are ill His hands. Though the situation is serious, it is not hopeless. There is a growing feeling among the people that the country must unite and that there must be peace.

"I have the growing conviction that the best contribution which could be given to China would be the gift of Jesus Christ. He is the only and the sufficient answer to the question 'What is the great need of China?' This country needs Christ because we need more light. There is deep darkness and ignorance among all classes of the people. It is this ignorance which is largely the base of all the great troubles from which China is suffering today. Christ brings light to all life, and will bring a better government and a truly revived nation. Christ also brings richer life to all who receive Him. Christians are few in China in comparison with the vast popula. tion; but the Christian life is now recognized by non-Christians as having a richer content than anything which Chma has hitherto known. Christ will convict the people of their sins. There are many things which our people do, aud do not know that they are wicked: and so there is no feE'ling of the need of a life changed in these respects. We need teaching which will enable us to recognize evil and to turn from it: to see goodness and desire it. For without goodnpfs in the people we cannot hope for a good government. l1hrough Christ men will be helped to get away from them3elves, and to think of higher being and of life's higher purpose. For the root of all evil in China is love of self. Christ teaches men to think in terms of God, in terms of all mankind, in terms of all time."

Give Christ to China: receiving Him her need will be supplied, and this poor, distracted, ignorant and selfish nation, plunged now in the midst of troubles and dangers, will find new IHe and new happiness and new strength.

230

fROM MANY

NORTH AMERICA Mrs. Grace Farmer is chairman, is The Laymen at Pittsburgh successfully mobilizing the women ABOUT 250 representative laymen of the churches in this great under- from widely scattered centers in taking. the United States met in a three-day conference in the William Penn Ho- Practical Federation W t~l January 31st to February 2, underHILE the Christian forces of America are everywhere disthe auspices of the Interchurch World Movement. Their findings cussing federation, aIliance and committee, of which Mr. Fleming union, the evangelical churches of H. Revell was Chairman, called on Lowell, Mass., have combined in a Christian laymen of every church to way that promises to deepen co'n- unite under the leadership of the viction and promote energy. The Spirit of God to extend the Kingdom denominations represented in this of Jesus Christ throughout the alliance . are Baptists, Congrega- world. They emphasized the need of tionalists. Episcopalians, Evangeli- building up a ,higher type of com- cals, Methodists, Primitive Metho- munity life at home, the necessity for dists, Presbyterians and United thorough acquaintance with present Presbyterians.

conditions at home and abroad, full Recently, the eight pastors agreed participation in the evangelistic cam- to preach on the same Sunday on paigns, thr. necessity for strengthen- the Deity of Christ, and all of ing the local churches financially, Lowell was interested in this united spiritually and organically, the great testimony upon a most vital but c need to promote the spiritual ideals' too often neglected subject. and life of young people and the From time to time similar united obligation to win the foreign born testimony will be given to the Americans to Jesus Christ. other fundamental facts and teach- This program they declared must ings of the Christian faith, The be carried forward by prayer, sacri- second article in the Constitution ficial service and gifts of life and of the Alliance requires that every money. Christian forces must work member shall positively and for- together on the principle that "The mally subscribe to the great fun- Christian Church is a unit for the damentals of historic Christianity, Christian program as a whole." including explicitly the sovereignty of God the Father, .the deity of The Women In Washington Christ, and the personality of the CHRISTIAN wo~en, representing Holy Spirit, the Scriptures as the many denominations and or- only infallible rule of faith and ganizations, met in Washington at practice, the vicarious blood atone- Hotel Raleigh, February 7 to 9th, ment of Jesus Christ on the cross in the interest of promoting the pro- and the bodily resurrection of be- gram of the Interchurch World lievers in Christ. Movement. Mrs. Henry W. Peabody Of the fifty minist~rs of Lowell presided over the meeting which and vicinity. twenty-three are al- brought together some 250 delegates. ready members, and there are more The Women's Activities depart- to follow.

ment of the Movement, of which The Presbyttrian.

231

A Pre&b;yterlan Social Creed $10,000,000 as their goal, while the Methodists will set out to raise As EARLY as 1910, the Presby- $1,000,000. In both cases, the' terian Church took a definite proper officials have made arrangestand on social problems when it ments to underwrite their share of adopted a creed embodying Pres- the Interchurch expense budget. byterian belief in an enlarged social program. The present industrial The Baptist Convention has apconditions make it important to pointed twenty-five of its execumake known the Church's stand in tive officers "as a National Baptist the matter. The following are Campaign Commission. Headsome of the points declared in quarters will be in Chicago, with the creed, which was prepared for branches in Philadelphia and Atthe most part by Dr. John Mc- lanta. Dowell, now director of the Social Service Division of the New Era LATIN-AMERICA Movement: A Year's Achievement 'the acknowledgment of the obliga- T HE OUTSTANDING accom- plishments of the Committee on tion of wealth. Cooperation in Latin America dur- The application of Christian prin- ing the past year have been the surveying of the unoccupied fields ciples to the conduct of industrial of Haiti and Santo Domingo; the publication of a monthly review organizations, whether capital or la- "La Neuva Democracia" ; employ- ment of a secretary of literature in bor. Brazil, a secretary for education in A more equitable distribution of Mexico and a secretary for the Committee on Cooperation in Mexwealth. ico; the publication of a directory The abatement of poverty due to of missionaries, mission schools and periodicals in Latin America; the preventable diseases, uncompensated ac- preparation in Spanish of the first cidents, lack of proper education. general commentary on the Inter- national Sunday School Lessons; The abolition of child labor. the beginning of the publication of temperance literature in Spanish, Such regulation of the conditions the beginning of union evangelical of the industrial occupation of women seminaries in Porto Rico and Brazil, as shall safeguard the physical and and the opening of a union book depository in Chile. moral health of themselves, the community and the future. The countries which make up Latin America have a total popu- Adequate protection of working people from dangerous machinery and objectionable conditions of labor. The release of every worker from work one day in seven, the Sabbath if possible, with every worker paid sufficient with six days' work for seven days of living.

The employment of methods of con- ciliation and arbitration in industrial disputes.

The development of a Christian spirit in the attitude of society toward offenders against the law.

The New Era Magazine.

lation of 85,000,000, an increase· of Negro ChttN'hes and the Interchurch nearly 600% in the past one hun- THENATIO?llAL Baptist Con- dred years. ….ention and the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, two News from Western Mexico Neg-ro denominations with nearly 4.000,000 members, have decided to REV. ALFRED C. Wright, Con- gregational missionary of (iua- join with the other cooperating dalajara. Mexico. is of the numher communions in the united simul- who believe that schools, social taneous financial campaign of the centers, medical d;spensaries and Interchurch World llo….ement of churches are the kind of "interven- N nrth Ameril'l this spring.. tion" which will avail in Mexico.

The colored Baptists have set After four years of suspension

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

the two schools in Guadalajara, Spanish language, become acquainted one for boys and one for girls, wjth the Mexican people, and will have reopened with a present en- be prepared to be leaders in the rolment of 200 pupils in the two. teaching of the new Medical College. Another 16 y _ung men just gradu- In Ahualulco, ",here the mission- ated in med.cine could then be sent by these Board to gradually take ary, J. L. Stephens, was assassinated over the work of the dispensaries, freeing the older men for the college in 1874, a medical dispensary in work; and as many more-young dochis memory has been establislIed tors. who' have had a start in laborawith the voluntary aid of a trained tory work in the home land could be nurse, in which over six hundred selected and brought out to the treatments monthly are given, and school for its laboratory teaching. many are brought under evangelical influences in this way. The Venezuela's Need Roman Catholic priest issued a decree from his pulpit prohibiting THE REPUBLIC OF Venezuela, his flock from taking advantage of South America, has a total area the dispensary, but the fact that of 1,020,400 square kilometers and only twelve of the over six hundred a population of 2.824,000. Only one treatments were given to evangel- tenth of the area is reached 'by icals shows how little influence his evangelicaJ missions and about oneprohibition had. third of the population. This leaves over 2,000,000 people without an Medlcal Scl¥>ol for Mexico. opportunity to hear the Christian message in its fulness. In aU THE sub-committee on Medical Venezuela there are only 27 Prot- work of the National Committee estant missionaries including wives. on Cooperation in Mexico has ad- There are also ten evangelical dressed a letter to the Mission native workers. The societies at Boards working in Mexico, regarding work include the Society for the the development of the medical Propagation of the Gospel (Engbranch of the Union Evangelical Uni- land), the Presbyterians (North), versity in Mexico City. The letter the British and Foreign Bible Sois an appeal for' a thoroughly Chris- ciety and four smaller missions. tian type of medical school, one dedicated to e especial task of evangel- The constitution of the Republic izing Mexico. Other medical schools now grants liberty of worship and abound, having as their aim, "the no one who knows Venezuela will propagation of science," or "the question the need for a high type amelioration of human sJ.fi'ering"; of Christian teaching and example. but the committee contends that a One of the strategic points to be medical school devoted primarily to occupied is Cindad Bolivaz, capital the ultimate evangelization of Latin of the state of Bolivar. It is an. America need not be thereby less exceedingly healthy city in which scientifically thorough. The plan live many British and American proposed by this sub-committee is as business men. The Port San Felix folio .vs : That each denomination is another point that should be ocworking in Mexico establish, as rap- cupied as it is the door to a large idly as possible, preaching dispen- and important territory. Upata, a saries, preferably in Mexico City. city of 10,000 inhabitants and Quasi- Within two or three years eight dif- pati, with 12.300 inhahitants, and ferent denominations may be induced San Fernando, a to'n with a to open up eight six-days-a-week dis- large future offer attractive oppensaries in Mexico City with two portunities. In these places there doctors each. Then, by the time is need for churches and schools buildings can be made ready, these sixteen men wil have learned the

with itineration in the neighboring Methodist, Baptist, Congregationali.st regions. and Friends. A recent survey of conditions in Great Britain reveals W. H. RAINEY. the fact that among those who reg- ularly attend chuch and take part New Chnrch in Argentina in the work of the church there are many who do not yet believe in CONZALEZ Chaves is one of missions. They never read a mis- . many towns in eastern Argen- sionary book, or attend a missionary tina which have had_a phenomenal meeting. growth. Fifteen years ago it was composed of six houses, one store Beyond these is the much larger and a railway station. Today, it class of those who hold aloof from is a progressive, thriving center of organized Christianity. The expera rich agricultural district, with im- ience of chaplains and of the Y. M. portant municipal buildings under C. A. in the army has shown how construction, not the least impor~ small a percentage of the nation has tant of which is an evangelical any connection with the Church at Christian church. The building has all. Among these large masses who been paid for entirely by the local hold aloof from organized Chriscongregation. The dedicatory ser- tianity are some of the best men mon was preached by a Baptist and women in the nation, largely pastor of La Plata on September Christian in sentiment and aim, 17, 1919, followed by a week's series though not· in dogmatic. creed or of meetings which were attended outward profession. To gain their by large numbers from other lo- allegiance it is necessary to show calities. more clearly the relation of Chris- tian missions to the living problems EUROPE of the modern world. And one of the means to this end decided upon London City Mission by the Conference is the establish- ment of a press bureau, to provide THE LONDON City Mission is not only short missionary news par– the active ally of a1l evangel- agraphs in the daily press but arical churches. It has three hun- ticles in the quarterly and monthly dred city missionaries at work in review setting forth the aim and London's underworld, exerting ·a achievements of Christian missions. force for righteousness among In this effort it is proposed to secure chauffeurs, transport workers, gas the cooperation of men distinguished· worifers,-in fact there is scarcely in .literature and journalism. any type of London toiler that does not share in the Mission's benefi- Holland Missions Threatened cent program. About one hundred mission workers are delegated ON ACCOUNT of the heavy to visit special classes at their daily losses suffered by the missionary occupation, each missionary being constituency of Holland the Netherresponsible for some 4000 people. lands missionary societies are sending With scarcely a living wage, the out appeals for immediate help to Mission's agents have plodded on save their work, maintained for 125 dqring the war, and have discharged years, from complete disaster. Of many duties that won no official the neutral states in western Europe recognition. the Netherlands have suffered most from the dislocation of trade, and The ReHglons Situation in Brlta.ln such war profits as were made were for the most part a displacement of THE CONFERENCE of British wealth by which immense groups be- Missionary Societies includes all came impoverished. the great missionary organizations of the British Isles-Anglican, Scottish, Irish and English Presbyterian,

l~l NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Holland is responsible for one of Aintab, Marash and Ourfa, and that the most important mission fields the French forces have been coming existing, namely the Netherlands East in stronger and stronger, apparently Indies, with a total population of expecting to remain permanently, and over 45,000,000, of whi~ 35,000,000 that they were also entering Aleppo.

are Mohammedans (nearly all on The Arabs have become excited, and Java). Ten different societies are declare that they will not allow the here at work, (without overlapping), French to occupy this territory.

having a total staff of 214 men Robberies and murders have increased (exclusive of wives), 120 of which and are more common than at any are on Java; 100 main stations time recorded in history, outside of (Java 40); 1000 substations (Java the period of massacres.

210)350,000 Christians (Java 27,000) The Armenians complain that the and 60,000 school children (Java . French are unreliable, unsympathetic 13,000). Besides there are some 12 and tyrannical; that they are often training schools for native preachers insulting and brutal. Even the Amer- and teachers; 10 hospitals; on nearly ican missionaries have been obliged to every main station a dispensary; a to complain against the treatment great number and variety of educa- they have received at the hands of tional institutions, etc. The Holland the French officers. If France should Missions .- rank among the least ex- take over the mandatory of Syria pensive to maintain. and Silicia there is apprehension The Societies are planning a prompt lest they follow their usual represand energetic forward movement, at sive measures in relation to Protesthe home – base, but without the tant missionary work.

initial heJp of at least $100,000 their The New Arab Nation expectations cannot be realized. ARABIA is being admitted into the No Sunday Papers for Italy family of nations, according to a writer in the National Geographic ON SUNDAY, January 4, a na- Magazine. The establishment of a tional law went into effect in new Arab state under British control Italy which might well be adopted seems to be the beginning of closer in America and other countries. This relations between Christians aftd enactment prohibits the printing of Moslem lands. Far reaching posnewspapers on Sunday. The pur- sibilities are seen in the new political. pose is to prevent newspaper workers situation. from being employed on Sunday and to force all newspapers to suspend Ministers and consuls, missionaries issues which might require Sunday and merchants may now reside, exlabor from any class of employes. plore and trade in this long forbidden Even news agencies are forbidden to country. Light will fall where darkissue their single news sheets_ ness lurked. Britain's prestige among Mohammedan peoples forcasts a dis- The law provides a fine of 10,000 tinct gain to civilization. lire and the confiscation of the issue for the first violation, and the sup- Many questions are still to be pression of the-newspaper for a sec- agreed upon, but before the regeneraond offense. tion of Arabia can begin there must be a strong enough police force to MOSLEM LANDS protect property and direct the build- ing of roads and harbors. Al!"ricul- Prot<'Stant Missions flnd the French tural and industrial development will DR. W. S. DODD, head of the then follow spontaneously. The ma- Red Cross Relief in Syria, writes kers of the new Arabia have no from Adana on December 3 that light task before them but the work the British have withdrawn from is worth doing.

INDIA conditional upon a like amount being raised by the Society, with which Lutberans In India to provide houses for workers in the various mission fields. Three ONE OF the results of the union British doctors, with ample qualifica- of the Lutheran church in Amer- tions, expect to begin work in Okara ica has been to bring together in in 1920. one the Lutheran mission of Guntur and Rajahmundry. Though both are Secret Society of Cbrfstians Lutheran, these missions have had different organizations. In August AT NAGERCOIL there is a society last a joint committee of the two of secret followers of Christ, missions met in Guntur, when it was agreed to form a common organiza- whose members are caste Hindus. tion. This does not mean, apparently, Their belief appears to diff~r little that the two missions will immediately from Gospel teaching, but in addition become one, but steps were taken they hold that the "word," referred to bring the work of the two missions to in John 1:1 is a concrete word, into harmony with each other. which was communicated by Christ to His disciples after the Resurrec- Christianity at a FoJr tion, and orally handed down to the faithful, generation after generation. THE GREAT annual mela at Push- These secret disciples maintain that kar, a village near Ajmer, was Christ is the fulfilment of Hinduism as well as Judaism, and they expect held in November with a record Him to return shortly. They lay crowd. Before the· fair was half great stress on prayer, and the love over, the railway station reported of Christ is their constant theme. 30,000 tickets collected, and much larger numbers came by caravan, Blue· Ribbon Army tonga or on foot. In connection with this 'religious pilgrimage and festival MISS MARY J. Campbell, in her there is an annual cattle show under work as national temperance Government patronage, to which came such multitudes that the little organizer for all India, under the village of normally a few hundreds auspices of the Women's Christian overflowed with pilgrims; and the Temperance Union, finds that there sand dunes outside were covered are many boys and men, both Chriswith cattle and camels, horses, tents, tian and non-Christian, who desire and men. This mighty throng fur- to organize for temperance work. nished a magnificent opportunity for Since they do not wish to enroll the distributitm of Gospels and tracts. themselves in a distinctively woman's Christian workers put 600 Gospels organization, the Blue Ribbon Army and 8000 tracts into the hands of has been started to fit their case. readers who, in most instances, knew nothing of Christ and His teaching. Requirements for membership in- clude the signing of a total abstinence New MedkaJ Work at Okara pledge. The Army invites the co- operation of all Christian organiza- HE NATIONAL Missionary So- tions and temperance forces. T ciety of India proposes to extend its medical service at Okara, in the Indian Witness. Punjab, and erect a well-equipped hospital with twenty-five beds. The Bnrmese Government and MJsslons executive committee was on the point of issuing an appeal for Rs. 50,000, A PPRECIATIVE recognition of the amount required, when Rs. 45,000 were offered anonymously and two the work of Protestant missionindividuals contributed the remain- aries in Burma is shown by a report ing Rs. 5,000. The larget' gift is of an order sent broad cast over the country by the Burmese Government I)e£ore the armistice was signed. The

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

order was· to the effect that no Civic Evangelism In Canton ONE OF THE many union move- Burmese missionary should join the m'ents which are now taking English army in a combatant ca- definite form in China is the new pacity. It gave as the reason for this office of Union City Evangelistic the fact that the services of mission- Secretary for Canton. Among all aries in interpreting the ideals of the missionary forces in Canton there is West and the trend of events were not one man who can give his whole invaluable to the Government. time to city evangelism, and although there are forty-six churches and The Missionary Link.

CHINA chapels in Canton, some sections are College Presidents Confer totally neglected. It is now pro- posed to attack the city problem, AT A CONFERENCE of college as a whole through the new office presidents held in Shanghai, Oc- of City Secretary, and the aim is tober 24, the Association of Chris- to evolve some scheme for making tian colleges and universities in China wider use of existing facilities and was organized. A recommendation forces. Chinese pastors and mission workers, properly marshalled, have was made that not more than one unmeasured possibilities of service. agricultural or forestry school of college grade be established in China After the preliminary steps have by the Church, and that that school been taken more ambitious programs should be in connection with Nanking are proposed, such as organized Sun- University. It was felt that co- day-schQ"ol and other church activieducation should be adopted in higher ties; an annual city movement rallyinstitutions of learning. The need ing about the visit of some world- famed speaker; concerted and fully for school for business training was planned "drives" againt the numerous recognized, and a school of journal- . forms of vice with which the city ism at Peking University was heartily abounds; city-wide campaigns for t ecommended. social betterment, and possibly, an even more elaborate. program under Canton Christian CoBege which the city will be divided into seven districts, each a center for THE NEWLY organized "Emi- direct evangelistic work. grant School" is an evidence of the steadily expanding influence of New Era Magazine.

Canton Christian College. Many Dr. Shelton Held for Ransom D emigrant Chinese desire their boys to R. R. A. SHELTON, the medical missionary of the Disciples Board, be educated in :'hina, but it has been difficult to admit such boys to the col- said to have been the only foreigner lege because most of them are de- ever officially invited to enter the ficient in Chinese. "forbidden city" of Lhasa, Tibet, has Some wealthy Chinese, chiefly from been captured by bandits and held the Malay station, have promised a for ransom-by a famous outlaw sum of $70,000 to build and equip leader of the Tai and Wah tribes a special department for the educa- of Yunnan Province, China. Dr.

tion of their sons till they are ready Sheldon's detention is surprising in to enter the regular classes. A view of the friendly relations he had dozen or more of these emigrant enjoyed among these people on ac- boys are now being taught Mandarin count of his medical services. He 1n this department. Two are Eu- had gone fearlessly among lawless rasians from Australia; the others tribes throughout all that region, giv- are from Java and Malay. All speak ing' them the benefit of his profession English well, but know little Chinese. skill and was personally known to

most of the bandit chiefs. Sadhu to enter the schools, a system~tic Sundra Singh, the Indian evangelist, effort is made to inculcate reverence is believed to be the only other for the old heathenism by regularly Christian allowed to enter the city of bringing the children to worship at Lhasa. the shrines of the' local divinities. Teachers do not hesitate to denounce Japanese Missionary to China Christianity, and to reprimand their pupils for attending church and Sun- REV. K. FUJITA, until recently day-school. secretary of the japanese Y. M. – C. A. in Shanghai, is planning to Japanese Press on Missions undertake missionary work in that city among both Chinese and j ap- THE FOLLOWING extracts are an ese, thus being in sense, a pioneer from the Chosen Shinum: Japanese missionary to China. Mr. "The stirring up of the minds of Fujita feels that Chris~ianity alone the Koreans is the sin of the Amer- can solve existing problems that in- ican mlsSlon~ry. This uprising is volve both countries, and he hopes to promote a better understanding be- their work. * * * There are a tween Chinese and Japanese Chris- tians. good many shallow-minded people among the missionaries and they Chinese Recorder. make the minds of the Koreans bad, and they plant the seeds of demo- JAPAN-cHOSEN cracy. * * * Cooperadve Cbrlsdan Elton "These missionaries consider it proper for the Koreans to say any- JAPAN has no less than three co- thing they want, if only they enter operative missionary organizations: the Christian schools. They make the Federation of Churches, the Con- the sta:ement of Wilson about the ference of Federated Missions and self-determination of nations, and the Continuation Committee. When hide behind their religion and stir one recalls that in addition to these; the Christian Literature Society of up the people. * * * Japan, the Japan Sunday School Un- ion, the Japan National Temperance "These missionaries who have League and the Japan Christian En- come out to Korea, their wisdom, deavor are all actively at work, it character and disposition is of the is seen that cooperative Christian low trash of the American nation. effort is in full SWing. Partly be- There is nothing of good that can be cause of the small size of Japan as said of their knowledge, character, compared with India, China or Af- and disposition." rica, cooperative endeavor has been more effective in Tapan than else- Christian Workers' Magazine. where. It is noteworthy also that the sessions and proceedings of these Prl('es Soar in Africa various organizations excite more general interest with the people and HERE ARE "parallel columns" the press than is the case even in from the mission finance ac- America or Great Britain when such counts at Nana Kru, Liberia. meetings take place. Cost of supporting one student for Intolerant Nationalism one year: THE PUBLIC schools of Japan 1914 1919 3 bags rice …………….$11.52 $54.00 . persistently use their influence 2 bags salt ……………. .60 1.92 ag-ainst Christianity. Dr. Albertus Pieters declares. Instead of allowing 1 tin kerosene …………. 1.50 5.04 advanced moral and religious ideas 4 shirts ……………….. 1.84 9.60. I pair khaki trousers …… 1.32 1.92 $16.78 $72-48 Is there any question that mission- . ary salaries should increase and that our giving to missions should be larger? Copy of Letter Re-Pastor's Outfit LePage Communion Cup Co. Ma..i1Ion. Ohio. Toronto, Ontario. UeL. 26, 1U11.

Dear Sirs:- We arA dell~bted witb our PIL<tor's Ontllt. It Is "II nnd everything that we could have asked or cxpcCl"d. we wonder bow we ever managed without one The Ladies are very proud or their purchase and wish me to thank you (or your kindness cunc'erdng postago. (ltc. We shall be glad to recommend your Oompany wbenever we ha';p an opportunity. and be iure that we are WELL SATIS~'lED CUSTO;IERS. Yours cordially, Mrs. Victor H. Honeck. SOO'y.

Copies of Letters Received froln Rev. LePage Com!llunlon Cup Co. Feb. 11, 1919. Bernard P. Smith. Toronto. Ontario. Dear SIr:- Christain Churd•• Kinston. N. C. Doo. 8. 1918. I was delighted with tbe Il1lver bread plates. and could scarcely wa.lt to bear tbe remarks of others be- LePage Communion Cup Co. fore writing you. they are tbe PI ettiest and m,..t satis- Toronto. Ontario. lactory I ever have ~oon and everyone I have heard trom Dear Sirs;- fools the same. Wo (hank you so mu('b tor your pains- taking etlorl8 to Ret u. tltis pattern and must congrat- ] am so glad that we have at IMt decided upon a Ulate Yf)U upon yonr SlretmB. bread plat.e. and send you an order for twelve sUver bread plates with lettering as enclosed copy. also You can confidently reter anyone to us about either che4ue to cover, value $9:l_00. trays. cups or plates. we could not re hetter pleased We are so ple…..d with our tray. and CUPS. I was In and Ibank you ffiOilt heartily. WlBhlng you every Richmond, Va. last Sunday and used the fiat top cups 8ucces. ill your good work. and Aluminum trays and thE: difference was Btrikingly in favor of the style 16 lhich we ha.ve. Yours cordially, (Signed) Bernard P. Smith. Re.pecttully. (Signed) Bernard P. Smith.

Mr. H. T. LePage. . June 13. 1919 Toronto, Ontario.

My dear Mr. LePage, I take this occasion to write you about the style 16 cuP'. and iubed O'lr wh~'e Crnl1Tl',)" Set. Arto p more than a year's use we are morf' t.ha.n over pleaqed w"th it. I havA ~is;k'd -revcral places wh3re th~ flat top cup. and metal .ell collooting trays are in use and Itave jUi, wislled tha, the kind we hwe COUld be suhstltuted for !bern. Ours are just a joy to us and I wisll I CO <lId i<lduce ail to buy this kind. The glas"es are so much pr' tier and easier to handle and to drink trom.

Yours cordially.

(Signed) Bernard P. Smith.] Copy of Letter received from Rev. C. A. Clark, Seoul, K:>rea, Japan.

LePage Communion Cup Co. March, 11. 1918. Toronto, Olltru io.

DearSirj- I hav~o~!l~af6ra!eOv!nWya:ai~ ~~~: ~~=;~t~r=i~~~c~:;~~-:??tni~n':;:t ~~~~;~a g~~~~e~1lre gi~g('r~W~~ ~~:b~k~haen~~n!'if tbaf~rm~b;~~~~br~k~V:b~e~tt 15 ~f t~~~~~uf6~b~~~. ant ~:~~. ~~::6dQgoc~~UD~~~ with it hundreds ot times. Yours very truly.

Charles Allen Clark.

(Since receiving the above letter:_ have shipped over 50 sets to Korea. aU Cash with Order.) LePage Commun!on:Cup Co. Brighton. Ontario. Toronto, Ont.• Nov. 1918.

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The prices are tniry Iow-mu.h below .osl, and the instruction is un· Th. Scofield Blbl. surpassed. You will be a personal pupil; time, place Corr.spondence Cour. . MAIL and amount of study under your own control. -scholarly. comp….hen- Hive, tested for 8 quarter "I often mention in my sermons," says a letter COUPON recently received from a Methodist minister, of & century. and taken "that a Correspondence Course from the Moody TODAY a.lread;y by ten thoWl8lld Bible Institute has been of far greater value to .tudento.

me than all IDy Bible and theological work in coIIep." – – – – – – MAIL COUPON TODAY.——., Mother corrMPondent writes: A II lady laat evening told THE MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE. I me that abe and her hushand were both saved from. Dept. 5783, 153 Institute Place, ChiUIO, IlL I Christian Science by the ChriAtian F …idencea Cour8e and Send me your proapeetUll giving ctNDpJeH 111- I that a friend of hen had alao been aaYed f….oln Christian ScIence by MID.!' forma"oll regaMlDg your elghi 0 0 _ ID 0Dmt- II .lD.other _ye, "What marvelous light I aln recelring I spoadence BIble 6tudy. =-uya~-:uz~i:.o~r(S;hl~~~ ';~h-:)'pre~~~ ~::~ N ….._________________________________________.. I that n.". I understand..,t The Bible Institute Moody AII…._________________________________.._…….. II ,———————–'———————_. Dept. 5783, 153 Institute Place,Chicl,•• IH. I —————————————- I Ple..e mention T •• IlISSION.AlI':Y RltVIJ;W 0" T.I: WO:aI.8 in writio. to .dyertiaera Are You Interested Here's in Motion Pictures? Free IF 50- Proof That The'ZENITH YOU CAN HEAR!

meets every requirement. In this machine The wonderful improved Aeoustieon has now we have proven that heavy weight and bulk enabled 350.000 deaf people to hear. We are are not essential to perfect projection and long sure it will do the same for you: are so absolutely life. The durability. light weight and sim- certain of it that we are eager to send you the plified construction of the ZENITH has resulted in a new STANDARD PROJECTOR. Famous Acousticon WE INVITE COMPARISON AND For 10 Days' FREE TRIAL HONEST COMPETITION NO DEPOSIT – NO EXPENSE The ZEN ITH is ready to answer every question and to demonstrate its superiority. There fa nothing YOU wlll have to do but ask for your tree A square deal is the guarantee that goes with trial. No money to pay. DO red ta.pe, DO reservaUoIllJ to the ZENITH and insures your getting what th18otrer. you ask for. Why pay someone who will recommend to you an inferior or higher priced ~~:o==;~aeJt~n~~:S::V~D= ~~y~~~p~t; machine because they make more out of it? Ask them if they will send their machine in doubt that competition with the ZENITH and pay the express charges if it is not accepted. The Joy of Hearing can be Yours Again I A TRUCK is not necessary to transfer the The "ACOUSTlCON"' hM improvements Bnd patented ZENITH to your mission. your church. school picnics. bazars. or lawn parties. Set it in :e:.:= c features which cannot be dupl1cated. 80 no ma.tter What your buggy or auto and take it with you. Licensed operators and mechanics unnec;e8- ~O~·R=l;~~~~J;.ua.n~Ntft r~~n~l :e~= sary. Operated by hand or motor. it and you will owe us nothing-not one cent. Address Motor and hand rewind without removing Dlctograph Products Corporation 1447 Candler Bldg,. New York ree1s from magazine. PEASE POST CARDS In districts where there is no electric light AND ENVELOPE ENCLOSURES system. you can connect the ZENITH to any automobile and secure good results up to "Once a Messages for Easter, thirty five feet. Birthday, Ch eer- up, PEASE Convalescent, Sympa- Consolidated Projector Co. thy, Congratula tory, Customer. Friendship, etc. 1400 Broadway New York City Always a My special Sunday SUITE 238-239 PLEASED School and Bible Text Post Cards have been Customer" called-"First Aid"-to Pastors, Teachers and busy people generally.

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Please mention THP: MISSIONARY R.£VJ~w DB THlt WORl.D in writing to advertisers

XIII

Your Good Intentions Have You Insured Them?

You intend to leave your BUT If you were to die toestate so as to amply pro- – day, what would bevide for your wife or your come of your good dependents. in ten tions? What have you done to in- You intend to devote part sure them? of your money to the advancement of God's Kingdom through the medium of Horne and Foreign Missions.

You have made a will. Good-but how often are wills broken, how often the substance of an estate is con- sumed by interminable litigation. Why not cover your good intentions with the insurance that cannot fail: carry them out yourself-now?

Life Annuity Bonds are the only absolutely safe insurance for your good intentions By investing your money in them today you insure for yourself and your dependents a regular income for life; you have the satisfaction of knowing that your money will ultimately be devoted to the work of the Church as you intend.

You can get full informa.tion concerning our plan by a&/resstng: George M. Fowles, Treasurer of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City, or W. J. Elliott, Treasurer of the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Pleue mention TB~ MJSSIONAllY RltVIXW 0" 'rD. WORP a writing to advertiser.

Protestantism in France and

RECONSTRUCTION PLANS FOR 1920 OF THE FEDERAL COUNCIL'S COMMISSION Christianity throughout the world owes a debt to the Huguenot churches and people which it can never repay, and it has been accumulating interest for centuries.

But the French and Belgian Protestant churches have a present and a future, as well as a noble past. All the Latin countries are more profoundly influenced by what takes place in France than in any other country in the world. No other protestant Church in Europe and America, in proportion to its membership and its resources, is conducting a more splendid piece of foreign missionary work than the Protestant Church of France. "It is simply wonderful and almost unbelievable." France is on the border 0" the Moslem advance. The two greatest unoccupied masses of people in the world can best be approached by strengthening the hand of Christianity in France.

In Paris alone there were, in 1914, eight thousand foreign students. "France is leading Latin-Europe, Latin-America, the Balkan States, the Levant, French Moslem Africa, Indo-China,-but whither?"

As they have done so many times before, the Huguenot people and institutions of France are now forming their plan3 which they have faith to believe, with the cooperation of the American churches, will lead to the evangelization of the nation they so dearly love.

. While the French evangelical churches are numerically small, their moral influence is great. Protestantism in France must not be counted, it must be weighed. Its inlluence is especially strong in political and civic life. Protestants are highly respected by the French people and their moral and spiritual power is acknowledged by the nation.

THE WAR AND THE FRENCH CHURCHES Prior to the war there were about one thousand Protestant churches in France. Oneeighth of these churches, including many of the most well to do and most inlluential; were under fire in the industrial districts of the invaded north. In some instances every article of value-the communion sets, altars, etc.,-were taken away by the Germans, the churches damaged and many totally destroyed.

About one hundred and thirty churches and other parish buildings were ruined-by fire, bombardment, pillage and wanton destruction. Twenty-eight pastors' homes were destroyed. The loses among the Protestant congregations were often enormous. In many churches forty to sixty men never returned. In addition, these people in the path of the fighting were of course scattered, and their churches were entirely crippled. For these reasons it is estimated that at least two hundred churches have been closed, awaiting repair, rebuilding, the finding of a pastor, or the return of the people.

The sum required (at pre-war prices) for the reconstruction of the churches was estimated at more than 4;500,000 francs and for furniture of both churches and manses, 475,000 francs. The actual cost of the materials cannot be given exactly but in many ca~es it has quadrupled. A carefully prepared budget submitted by the United Protestant Committee for War Relief in France and Belguim shows the urgent need of $975,000 for onstruction work during 1920. They are looking to the churches and agencies that cooperate through the Federal Council's Commission on Relations with France and Belgium to supply these funds. What will be the answer of the Christian people of our great and prosperous nation?

The Commission on Relations with France and Belgium, of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America. lOS East 2nd Street, New York, N. Y.

"x. P1eue mention 1']111 )[]II'O• .u.y RtYu,.. 0. WOIILD in writinr to adTertioen Five New Books for the Churches published by the Interchurch World Movement of North America Inter-church World Survey In two volumes, containing revised survey statements and budget which were presented at tJ~"f~!Cw~:&. presenting the most complete survey of Christian Missionary Enterpnses through- Indlspensahle to Pastors, Teachers, Sunday Schools, Adult Bible Classes. MIssion Study Groups, Student Associations and similar organizations. Library Edition. 8xll in.; Board Covers, printed in 2 colors; two volumes, including Statistical Mirror. Price, (cash with order) $2.00 per set. Handy Volume Edition. .5~x8; Board Covers, printed in 2 colors; two volumes includ- ing Statistical Mirror. Price, (cash with order) $1.00 per set.

The Church and the Community By RALPH E. DIFFENDORFER A Study Book for the Churches ~In~t~~~:!i~~r W::'!;o~.t~fo~:~~o~:~~~b=,~!ag,~;::;."~~f!': ~~~:r;.:'~:~g~~~ ~:~:~l~ ~~8~c~mJ:t:;~~,f ~tn~~u~:~~:.~v.~o~~~ti;~oM~::ea~~:" ~~J:;:!: ~d HOUSing." and "Community Leadership." _ Price, cloth, 7Sc; paper, SOc; prepaid A New Book on the Near East By WILLIAM H. HALL 01 the Syrian Protestant College, Beirut l The story of the Near East up to date; It. history, lI"O!foapily, religion, education. and aspirations, ~3 =:.n~. Bj:;~b~t~~elre~e°f'.='~~~e~i!l~l~"t"u:'E~i.JSJn~te~~:&~~ the complex political and religiou. situation which Is of vital concern to Anulrica.. – • Maps and Illustrations. Cloth, 7S cents; paper, 50 cents • (READY IN MARCH) Frank Higgins: Trail Blazer By THOMAS D. WHITTLES A Book for Yaune People.

The stirring story of Frank Hillglo•. pioneer 10 Christian work among the lumberjacks'ot the north.

book. The original character ot Higros' mlnl.t'1' made him .. m ..n of mark. Afte)J.ears otJO~"1 service ~~n~:a.;sfrir:r~f U::::;e~s!~eb~:~dsdTn ~~~:,~i:~~d~~e~onored II work. _ his . Price, cloth, 7Sc; paper,.50c; postpaid.

Order from your Denominational Board ·or from the -. Interchurch World Movement of 'North America, SALES DEPARTMENT 45 West 18th Street New York City Pleue mention THII H,IIIO.UlIY REvlI'" 01' 'fHII WOlILD in wrltinc to adYertiaen NOW IN PREPARATION—READY SOON Work and Play in the Grenfell Mission B Hugh Payne Creeley, M. D., and;Floretta E. Creeley I ntrod uction tj New light on the work of the Grenfell Mission in Labrador. A by Dr. Crenfell work of unusual interest te!ling of the difficulties overcome and the beneficent work accomplished among fisher folk.,;in an isolated, out- or-the-way corner of the world. Net, $1.50 Korea's Fight for Freedom By F. A. McKenzie "Shows how the Japanese, having failed to win the Christian Churches of Northern Korea to support their plans for absorbing the Korean people, are now seeking to destroy them. Mr.

McKenzie's book has played as important a role in arousing world opinion about the tragedy of Korea as did Harriet Beecher Stowe's 'Uncle Tom's Cabin' crystallize public opinion on slavery." -PHILADELPHIA PRESS Net, $2.00 Conscripts of Conscien~e ~:~fJy~~e8~:~~ By Caroline Atwater Mason AUTHOR OF THE,,"LITTLE GREEt(GOD." ETC.

"A plea in story form for volunteers for Medical Mission work in the Orient by a writer of recognized literary gifts. .It has to do with the I;eroic and sacrificial, much like that wbich has been in continual evidence during the World War."-CHRISTIAN WORK.

By the Famous Author-of "A Student in Arms"

200,000 SOLD IN AMERICA Letters of Donald Hankey With Introduction and Notes by Edward Miller, M.'A.

A volume of personal letters, possessing an interest difficult to overestimate. Intimate, human. appealing; Hankey's college days; the years in Australia, and the fateful mcnthshe spentin France as one of the immortal "First Hundred Thousand," and where he made the supreme sacrifice.

ROBERT E. SPEER says: "Exceedingly interesting and well worth publishing-refreshing, living and quickening letters."

DO YOU [KNOW THE CHURCH EFFICIENCY BOOKS? – – – – , Ge(the New Volume. Now Ready!

Practical Inter-church Methods By Albert F. McCarrah, of the New Era Movement REv. Roy B. GUILD. Executive'Secretary The Commission on Inter-church Federations, says: "The first comprehensive collection of well tested programs for Christian, c0- operation that has been made * * * the author in his own particular field of church efficiency has "given him a rare opportunity to study from the side line the methods that have been nut into practice in different cities."

"I wish a copy could be p laced in the hands of every minister."-WILLIAM HIRAM FOm.KSS. Cloth, $1.75 net Fleming H. Revell Company, Publishers 158 Fifth Ave. New York 17 No. Wabash Ave., Chicago Please mention THB MIsSIONARY RlIlvmw OF THB WORLD in writing to advertlseN

Sacrament of the Lord's

gains in dignity, devotion, solemnity and impressiveness through the consciousness of its being served in cups that are absolutely sanitary, and free from the dangers that are associated with public drinking-cups.

The Holy Communion There is no time in the Christian's life when he comes into closer and more intimate relationship with the Divine than when he sits at the Lord's table. The Christian examines himself and looks forward to the sacrament of communion as a season of blessing. Why not apprcach its celebration with unalloyed joy; dis- carding all fears; thinking only of the wonderful privilege?

A Time of Reverence It is now generally recognized that the Sanitary individual cup increases the attendance because it removes all fear of uncleanliness, and promotes a deeper reverence in the communicant. The Sanitary Communion Outfit Company offer an improved and sat- isfactory outfit throughout, including the highly polished -beautiful mahog- any tray here shown. This tray eliminates all noise, is lighter and more easily handled than others and is more in keeping with the furniture of the church than a tray of any other material.

Make your communion servIce all that it should be; send for free booklet and catalogue (with quotations).

NOTE–In many States the law now forbids Sanitary Communion Outfit Co. the use of the single cup at the communion 600 57th Street ilit:i~. y~~rS~~~dl~atli~. ne.ty::a~~t:~i! Rochester, N. Y. unclean and unsanitary. Many thoroughly good Christians have refrained from partaking of communion for this very reason. If you have not yet adopted the modern. sanitary communion CUP. let this be one of your first forward steps in 1920.

P1eaae mention THE M,SS,OIfAIIY lbIvuIw oJ '1'•• WOaI.D In wrltiq to adYertiaen

I N the heart of New York

a st~p from the mighty Hudson, has been gathered together an organization of Master-Craftsmen who love their work, and each is an artist of proven ability_ These men work in Bronze-the metal Imperishable-which lends itself so well to impressive, dignified, and artistic fashioning. But the metal itself-although these men expend their efforts only upon the finest of Genuine Bronze-"is to a Work of Art what the canvass is to a picture-simply the vehicle upon which the artist molds his human magic.

And it is this puman touch developed by natural talent and years of experience which makes of the rough casting a Masterpiece. Such are the things which come from the Liberty Bronze Works, 611 West 49th St., New York, and in recognition of true worthiness, the name has spread to every corner of our own America, and many shipments are consigned to the far-off States of Washington, Texas, Florida, etc., each of which usually results in a letter of gratification from the customer.

The Testimonial Tablets to replace Service Flags are particularly attractive, made as they are in many artistically correct desi~s, and in sizes which offer a wide range of prices.

Such Testimonials should be erected with impressive ceremony wherever people congregate, for the sacrifice and heroism of our own brave lads in the World War should be honored forever by some visible mark of appreciation. Will you please write for booklet No. 23-A describing the various designs and start a movement towards this glorious cause?

Please mention TH:C JrlISSIOKAlty RitvlJtw 01' 'l'H. WORI.,D in writing to advertisers

The Missionary Review of the World — February 1920

XLIII NUMBER

THE MISSIONARY EVIEW~ FEBRUARY, 1920 SOME SIGNS OF THE TIMES STUDENT VOLUNTEERS AT AN EPOCH-MAKING DES MOINES CONFERENCE THE UNION UNIVERSITY IN PEKING THE SITUATION IN KOREA UNOCCUPIED FIELDS IN CENTRAL ASIA JOHN R. MUIR STEWARDSHIP AND REDEMPTION EDWIN M. POTEAT THE MISSIONARY OUTLOOK IN KOREA JAMES S. GALE JAPAN WORKING OUT HER PROBLEMS GEORGE W. FULTON A GERMAN PLEA FOR GERMAN MISSIONS A TRANSLATION $2.50 A YEAR 25 CENTS A COPY . MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY COOPERSTOWN, NEW YORK AND 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK

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1Englisl! &atern preparations have been made for the coming "£nglisl! &atrrn"-the season's smartest season and we have provided a most elabo- fabric–a soft. lustrous. satin-like fabric, is rate assortment of new and original designs for shown in a host of novel printed effects. on your choosing. 32 in. wide. 95c per yard.

solid color backgrounds. as well as a com- ijfrnpiral 'rintll plete selection of plain shades. A new lightweight fabric resembling the The leading makers of Women's. Misses, and lEtttliul! ,rint" is shown for the first time in Children's outer garments are featuring this this country. An ideal fabric for Children's fabric for Southern resort wear. 36 in. wide. and Misses' garments•. as well as for grown- $1.25 yad. ups. The quaint designs arem08tappea!ing.

1Engli"I! 'rint.. 39 in. wide, 75c per yard.

Last season the demand for these popular No!t~e~-~£iu:~ll;ih.:l:)U~~S..ti"~uk.~l;Egug}l~iH~~eJ;lrMiHc1C5~.J…1>~l!irr&op'tk,a:l fabrics far· exceeded the supply. Ample Samples of the a!Jooe fabrics mailed on request James' McCutcheon & Co.

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Everywhere in the U. S. Irrespective 01 Denomination The uplifting and educational effect of Universal B'ible Sunday (on November 30th, 1919) was manifest.

Pastors. Christian workers, officers. teachers and churches were quickened and inspired by the recital of the marvelous record of achievement of the Book of Books in every I_and and nation.

Was YOUR church represented in this splendid movement?

Now get ready for Mayflower Universal Bible Sunday (on November 28, 1920) in commemoration of the landing of the Pilgrim Fathers, who built the civilization of this country on the teachings of the Bible.

Pray lor it; work lor it; prepare lor it; live with it; expect great things 01 it,.

The Am~rlcan Bible Society will have ready for distribution In a rew months 1llendid mess_ r::gl~r~~:.r: fo; ~~~~~~~do~~~~~h:~~t~..;e';,1~t':. tm'~l:lll aid In making May ower Universal Applications :J',ould be flIed DOW. They will be tilled at as early a dawas possible.

Address 1:'he Secretaries, 27B, Bible House, New York Please mention TIi" MISSIONARY REVIEW Oli' "'IiE WORloD In writing to advertisers THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN 1.. PIERSON. Editor.

CONTENTS FOR FEBRUARY, 1920 FRONTISPIECE-UNoCCUPII!D FI1!I.DS IN ClN'l'RAI, ASIA.

SIGNS OF THE TIMES • . • . , ……… 81 AN EPOCH-MAKING CoNI'ERENC~ STUD~NT VOr,UNT!W!S AT DES MOIN~S Tm: UNION UNIV$.SI'l'Y AT PEKING THE SITUATION IN KoIlltA EDITORIAL COMMENT • • • • • ROM~N' C~TH~LlCS ~N; P~OT;'ST~NTS THl<: CHANGING ApPREHENSION oF IN AMERICA CHRIST MISS ANNA T. VAN SANTVOORD UNOCCUPIED CENTRAL ASIA. . . . . . . . . By JOHN R. MUIR 91 A careful study, illustrated by maps and photographs, of the unoccupied mission fields of Central Asia, and the possible program for their occupation.

WILLIAM CLIFTON DODD, Apostle to the Tai. . By PAUL M. HINKHOUSE 102 The story of the life and work of one of the great pioneer missionaries, 'who recently .laid down his life while working among the Laos of North Siam.

STEWARDSHIP AND REDEMPTION. . . By REV. E. M. POTEAT, D. D. 113 A forceful presentation of the relationship of the use of property and spirit- ual life.

THE MISSIONARY OUTLOOK IN KOREA By REV. JAMES S. GALE, D. D. 117 A sane view of the present conditions in Korea, and the effect of the recent uprising upon the missionary progress in that country.

RECONSTRUCTION IN WEST AFRICA. . . . . By EDWARD A. FORD 122 A brief description of the effect of the war upon missions in the former German colonies of West Africa.

JAPAN WORKING OUT HER PROBLEMS By Rev. GeoRGE W. FUI,'!'ON, D. D. 125 A clear statement of some of the difficulties of the situation in Japan, as seen by a Christian missionary of long experience.

A GERMAN PLEA FOR GERMAN MISSIONS. . . . . . • • • . . 132 Translation of a statement of the Berlin Missionary Society cOllcerning the future of missions in former German colonies and in other mission fields.

. "A FOREIGN DEVIL OF THE SECOND DEGREE". . By REv. C. E. SCOTT 136 THE WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN Edited by MRS. W. H. FARMER 137 A Nsw WAY FOR A NEW DAY M~SSAGES FROM ORII,NTAI, STUDENTS NEWS FROM MANY LANDS 141 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY • 157 TERMS: $2.50 a year. (~.OO in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Sin&'le copies 25. cents. Pubhshed Monthly. Copyrighted, 1919, by Missionary Review Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Entered as second c1als matter at the postoflice at Cooperstown, N. Y., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

PUBLICATION OFFICE:. EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS OFFICE:. COOPERSTOWN. N. Y. IS6 FIFTH AVE.. NEW YORK CITY. DELAVAN I,. PDtKSON, Secretary ROBERT E. SPUI, Pr,sident WAI,TER McDoucAI,I" Treasurer FuNK L. BIlOWN, Viet-Pr,sident

Sacrament of the Lord's

gains in dignity, devotion, solemnity and impressiveness through the consciousness of its being served in cups that are absolutely sanitary, and free from the dangers that are associated· with pu blic drinking-cups.

The Holy Communion There is no time in the Christian's life when he comes into closer and more intimate relationship with the Divine than when he sits at the Lord's table, The Christian examines himself and looks forward to the sac'rament of communion as a season of blessing, Why not approach its celebration with unalloyed joy; dis- carding all fears; thinking only of the wonderful privilege?

A Time of Reverence rt is now generally recognized that the Sanitary individual cup increases the attendance because it removes -all fear of uncleanliness, and promotes a deeper reverence in the communicant. The Sanita ry Communion Outfit Company offer an improved and sat- isfactory outfit throughout, including the highly polished beautiful mahog- any tray here shown, This tray eliminates all noise, is lighter and more easily handled than others and is more in keeping with the furniture of the church than a tray of any other material.

Make your communion service all that it should be; send for free booklet and catalogue (with' quotations).

NOTm–In many States the law now forbid!!! Sanitary Communion Outfit Co. the use of the single cup at the communion 600 ~7th Street ~i~~' y~~5~~~dlg~:1i~;. ne,yhesa~rdt~t:I:i; Rochester, N. Y. undean and un5anitary. Many thoroughly good Christiane have refraIned from partaking of communion for this very reason. If you have not yet adopted the modern. sanit;uy communion cup, let this be one of your first forward steps in 1920.

Please mention THE MlSSIONAllY RlIlVlEW OF XHE WOBLJ> In writing to advertisers

A tree burning for 9 months EDITORIAL AND

CHAT ~et on fire June, 1918, and still burning last March. Would your Sunday-school Perhaps you feel isolated even class want to hear more if you began from our thoughts of you-you may your lesson on "Sin and Its Conse- quences" that way? think that here in our office we Death never means annihilation cannot appreciate the kind of man -it means separatiou. Physical death, or woman you are; how you feel soul and body separat.>d. Spiritual and what your desires are, the aims death: soul separated from Cod. Ever- you have in life. But we know you lasting death: soul and body separated better than you may think, and we from God forever. Would this have made want you to feel that you know us.

that lesson on Sin's Consequences clearer?

Motherhood and sorrow . After reading the Review year after year you must have some conception -why have they always been linked of the people who edit it-the kind together? And why is man, not woman, of folk who have a part in produc- the head of the race and family? Could you answer these questions when you ing it. Sometimes you write us of taught that lesson of Siu? your hopes and ideals or ask our advice and this draws us nearer to Fishin' Up ole Sucker Run -when we were boys, and, feeling under you. Again you may have a sug- the bank for a sucker, grabUng by mis- gestion to give us and once in a while you complain about this or take Mr. Water Snaker Yes it makes a that, and often you send words of great illustration for teaching the lesson of Sin.

A single grain of iodine encouragement which help to brighten -will discolor seven thousaud times its the day.

weight of water. See the point? Each day's correspondence makes New Thought and Christian Science stronger the link between us, gives -did you show your class their poison us a fresher insight into the hearts when you taught the lesson on Sin? "Sin of our friends. How then can we is a delusion … unreal," says Mrs. Eddy. fail to understand the people who "Christ died for our sins," says God. are interested in the things the Re- Does your class know where the lie is? view stands. for-the cause which binds us close in fellowship? All these vivid points We want the Review to be of were in one department of one recent issue of constant help and inspiration to you, and as it is our endeavor to broaden when the Improved International Uuifonn its sphere of usefulness, we ask you to encourage others to subscribe Sunday-School Lesson Was on "Sin and Its for it, that they also may be benefited. Consequences." They are from Increased circulation means a wider usefulness; increased efficiency in Th. Lesson Pilot By CharI•• Gallaudel Trumbull missionary work at home and abroad. The Lesson as. Whole Prophecy in this Lesson By W. H. Griffith Thoma•. D. D. Our advertisers know how we feel The Bu~ Men's Corner By Howard A. Bank. Illuatr.t",,! Round Table By William H. Ridgway My Chias of Girl. By 100,000 Reader. The Lesson Csrtoon By Mrs. S. H. Askew By E. J. Pace But to these are added every week Pucker's .about you-we tell them. And it "Boy's-Eye-View," Philip E. Howard's Plat- is our estimation of you which has form word, Mrs. Bryner's Primary help, led them to purchase space in the Review's columns. That our judg- Prof. Charles Calvert Ellis' "Teaching Prin- ciple," and the fascinating Little. Jetts Teaching the Lesson ment of you is correct is shown by the gratifying returns advertisers OftI- '. It is true to tbe whole Bible as the infalllble Word of God, and tbe have had from the RevIew. We .'A Qel"',;t[ shed blood of Jesus as the only need the support of advertisers for THE C-9l.t. way of salvation. this every- income sake, and then again we feel week Interdenominatjonal that the advertising section is of Journal for Adults In real value to you, giving you sug- TSUIMNDESAYCSOCM HOPOLAN"Yt"e""," Bible .study and gestions for use in your work, for 1131 W.I…t St., Philo. Oq~ T,achlng, Sunday- personal wants, for your reading, the school needs of your church, your home.

7. -~ For the 26 cents enclosed 10 p_ .and The Sunday r"e,,~.. 8chool TimlIII for 10 weekS to ….0. 1- your society or school and in many q N~e other ways. It will pay you to know ————————— ~&~ our advertisers in the same way that Ad~ ~ it pays them to know you.

Please mention TaB MIslnoNAIIT REvllIlw 01' 'rllB WORLD In writlnc to ad,."rttlen MISSIONARY PERSONALS RIW. SAMU!!I. M. ZW!!MI!R, D. D., of Cairo, in response to an urgent cablegram from Dr. John R. Mott, returned to America in December to soeak at the . Student Volunteer Convention in Des Moines, Iowa, December 31 to January 4.

MI.I.!!. JUI.IA ME;RI.!! D'AuBIGNE, youngest You, daughter of the Genevese historian, is now in America for the purpose of raising Inasmuch as 350.000 users have testified to the funds for the families of French Protest- wonderful results obtaJned from the "ACOUSTIant pastors. CON." we fool perfectly safe In urging every deaf person, wtthout a penny of expense, solely and FI.E;MING H. RIWI!r.I., the publisher, has entirely a.t our risk to accept the been elected to represent the American Committee of the Mission to Lepers at Famous Acousticon the All-India Leper Workers' Conference to be held at Calcutta in February. For 10 Days' FREE TRIAL DR. CORNE;I.rus H. PATTON, after an ab- NO DEPOSIT – NO EXPENSE sence of over six months in China, Korea and Japan, has returned to his Boston Slnce the perfecting of our new If ACOUsrICON." It 1& headquarters, having gathered much valu- smaller, better. aod Just as strong 88 ever. able material for surveys of the Interchurch World Movement. th~UEf~~o~tWIl~~W~~ y~'lt:~rf3dJt h=nlr!r~::l ~ cent. tor we even pay delivery cha.rges. RE;V. E. M. POTIlAT, D. D., formerly President of Furman University, South WARNING! ~h~e~d·~otD':n:::so:, ll~ar":~~i Carolina, has been elected executive secretary of the department of promotion of offer BS "We do, so do not send money for any Instru.. religious life in the Baptist General Board ment for the denf until you baTe tried It. of Promotion. Tbe uACOUSTICON" has improvements and patented features which cannot be duplicated. So no matter what r.1Uclfu~T~~8:kl!. t~~;S!ndsec~~:C:;~~=~y~uO!l;:: to decIde. Address Didograpb Products Corporation, 1447 BId•.. NewYork MRs. WII.I.IAM H. FARMI!R, Director of nlontgoDlery VVard Women's Activities of the Interchurch World Movement, is preparing a plan to & Company enlist women in the Ten Million League of Christian Stewards. Manufacturers and Exporters of General Merchandise M:a. W. R. LAN!!, Y. M. C. A. worker among soldiers in Egypt, is spending the first three months of 1920 in cooperation with all Christian agencies which are working among imperial and colonial troops in Egypt.

RIW. STANr.I!Y JONE;S, of India, will visit Have catered to the requirements of Siam to assist in a special evangelistic Missionaries in all parts of the world, campaign. Bangkok has an estimated In- for over 25 years. dian population of 5,000, and it is hoped' that much will be accomplished among You are Invited them by the visit of a missionary from their home land. to write for a copy of our large Catalog of general Merchandise and our special GUY W. HAMRTON, M. D., of Shuntefu, China, has been appointed a delegate to Missionary Circular the post-war conference of Presbyterian missionaries, to be held in Princeton, We guarantee safe delivery N. J., June 19-27, 1920.

R!!v. GOORG!! L. DAVIS, Methodist mis- anywhere sionary in Peking, and DR. MARK S. Hop- MONTGOMERY WARD & COMPANY KINS, of Shansi, have been awarded the decoration of Chiao He, third rank, for Misaionary Bureau work in flood and famine relief. CHICAGO, ILL.

(Continued on page VI) Pleas, mention 'l'mI MISSIONARY RBVIEW 011' THlI WOIILII In Wl1tInc to advertisers YEAR BOOK MISSIONARY PERSONALS OF THE CHURCHES Continued from pag, v FOR 1920 REV. PAUL KANAMORI, Japanese evan- CONTAINS gelist, has come to America to equip himself for still greater service in his own Directory of Religious Bodies of U. S. country. He has established his headquar- ters at Hartford, Conn., and expects to Officers, boards. schools. periodicals visit many sections of the United States Directory of Interchurch Organizations during 1920.

Headquarters. officers. purpose MiISS HELEN McDOUGALL of Edinburgh, Listof Chaplains in Army and Navy associate of the late Dr. Elsie Inglis in Official Religious Statistics the famous Scottish Women's Hospital Unit in Serbia, has gone to Peru to take Churches. Home and Foreign Missions. up medical mission work under the United Y. M. C. A., Y. W. C. A. Free Church of Scotland. Description of Federal Council Description of Interchurch World Move- MISS HERMAINE DAKESIAN, a twenty- ment. year-old Armenian, who survived four years of Turkish cruelty, has entered Etc., etc. Oberlin College, Ohio.

Every Church Worker Needs It DR. T. JAYS, missIOnary of the Church Missionary Society and a former secre- Price 75 cents tary of the Student Christian Movement, has accepted the post of Vice-Principal of . Federal Council of the Churches Livingstone College, Leyton, England.

105 E. 22d Street, New York Cit, REV. CHARLES M. SHELDON, D. D., author of "In His Steps" and other vol- umes, became Editor-in-chlef of The ChristicIn Herald, on January 1st.

Old Bibles DR. FRANCIS E. CLARK sailed January Re .. Bound 10 for a Christian Endeavor journey of three or four months in France, Switzer- Haven't you often wanted that old land, Jugo-Slavia and Finland. Bible re-bound-that old Bible with all REv. M. ELI BIlRTALO't, head of the Waldensian chaplains and a knight of the crown of Italy, has come to the United States on a speaking tour in behalf of the Waldensians.

its associations and sentiment ";I You MR. WILLIAM T. ELLIS, journalist and lecturer, who was accused by the British have wondered where you could have government of making seditious speeches in Egypt last year, has been completely the work done and perhaps you have exonerated from all such charges by the State Department at Washington. thought the price would be prohibitive. The rebinding of Bibles requires the work. DR. ALBERT CARLESS, a famou& English surgeon and author of a Manual of manship and services of men who have made Surgery which is known in Europe and a specialty of this kind of work. You can America and has been translated into have your Bible expertly rebound in leather Chinese, Arabian and other languages, has or cloth. decided to devote the remainder of his life to work as medical director of the Send me your Bible by parcel post insured Bernardo Homes in England. – I will send you an estimate of the cost subject to your approval before the work is MISS CAROLINE C. BUSH, missionary of done. If this estimate is not satisfactory, 1 the American Board in Harpoot, Turkey, will return your Bible without charge. for thirty-eight years, died in Auburndale, Mass., November 26, 1919. Miss Bush R. H. HOWLAND was the youngest and last of the group 156 Fifth Ave., New York of eight missionaries who built up the Harpoot station.

Pi…. meatiol> TBlI Ml88ION.utT RBVIBW or THJI WOBLD In writlnc to ad.,ertlar.

8140 STUDENT VOLUNTEERS HAVE GONE IN THE PAST THIRTY· THREE

Mexico 202 Central America 60 Europe 42 Turkey 270 India 1570 China 2525 Siam, etc. 155 Oceania 68 West India 226 South America 574 Africa 869 Arabia 31 Persia 76 Japan, etc. 987 Philippines 217 Other Landa 275

GREAT AUDIENCE OF' SEVEN THOUSAND STUDENTS AT THE VOLUNTEER CONVENTION IN DES MOINES

The delegates included nearly five hundred foreign students from various mission fields

MISSIONARY

EVIEW, FEBRUARY, 1920 )f""". Two AN EPOCH MAKING CONFERENCE I T is difficult to estimate the positive or relative importance of contemporaneous events. A seemingly insignificant occurrence may, in the light of subsequent history, prove to be the means of turning the world upside down. Few, if any, who lived in the days of the Apostle Paul, or of Savonarola, or of William Carey could have foretold the train of events that were to follow from movements initiated by them. "Behold how great a matter (for good or for evil) a little fire kindletb." Two years ago the REVIEW published an address delivered by Mr.•Tames M. Speers, of New York, at the Foreign Missions Conference. This was one of the forerunners of what has now become the great "Interchurch World Movement." This Movement has now an employed force of nearly fifteen hundred men and women, has united in a common task over thirty denominations and nearly a hundred Protestant missionary organizations, and proposes to appeal to American Christians for over one billion three hundred thousand dollars in five years for Protestant benevolent work at home and abroad! The conception is tremendous and inspiring.

The Interchurch World Survey Conference met in Atlantic City, January 7 to 9, under the auspices of the Interchurch World Movement to present to leaders of the various denominations the facts revealed by the surveys thus far completed, showing the magnitude of the task before the Christjan Church, the resources available and the need for immediate, united and harmonious action to win the world to Christ. It was an inspiring and remarkable conference and one that may well be regarded as epoch making to the Church and the world. Nearly fifteen hundred delegates came together from all parts of the United States. For: three days they met in almost continuous session from 9 :15 a. m. until 10 p. m., and in addition many were engaged in conferences at breakfast, luncheon and dinner, and far into the nights.

81

The conference was planned and conducted in a masterful way. The ground floor of the steel pier was filled with a striking exhibit of charts, mottoes, maps, photographs and books to show the results of the surveys at home and abroad. The sessions were first devoted to a graphic presentation of the results of the surveys of the home fields and problems, the religious educational institutions, hospitals and benevolent homes, and the needs of people in foreign lands. Then followed the presentation of the vast resources of the Christian Church in spiritual possibilities, in money and in men, and the plans for marshaling these in a united effort of evangelical Christians to obey the commands and follow the lead of Jesus Christ for the redemption of mankind. One very telling address waS that given by Dr, S. Earl Taylor, in which he showed how the Centenary Movement of the Methodist Episcopal Church has increased the income of the Methodist Boards from a little over three million to over twenty million a year.

Carefully chosen committees studied the program of the movement, the proposed budget and the plans for a financial campaign and presented their recommendations to the conference. These reports were fully and freely· discussed, questions and objections were answered and as a result the conference heartily approved of the plans of the Movement and set the date for the simultaneous financial inga,thering for April 21st to May 2nd, of this year. January ·will be devoted to Spiritual Resources, February to Stewardship and March to Life Service Campaigns.

The result of this confe'rence is to make the Interchurch World Movement an accredited organization and to set the approval of leaders of most branches of the Evangelical Christian Church in America on the plan to cooperate in a world wide survey, a nationwide presentation of the needs of men and a simultaneous effort to enlist Christians in the effort to supply the men and money needed for the speedy evangelization of the world.

THE STUDENT VOLUNTEERS IN DES MOINES .UPPOSE that the seven thousand students at the recent Student Volunteer Convention in Des Moines had all vol- S unteered in a body to go to the foreign mission field. Would it be an advantage to the missionary cause to send them T The need of the various fields was powerfully presented and many moving appeals were made for immediate reinforcements. If such appeals had been made for soldiers, doctors and nurses during the war, no doubt a very large proportion of the students would have offered themselves, for they were a splendid, earnest body of young men and young women. But it would be little short of a calamity if all the students at Des Moines were to be sent to the

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

field. It would be as foolish and as disastrous as it would be to send volunteers promiscuously to represent the American govern- ment in foreign lands. That is to say-these young men and young women are not ready. The most important thing in mission- ary work is not workers, nor is it money. The thing of first im- portance is that those whom God calls for His work, respond by yielding themselves fully to Him, and that they go where He would send them-here or there is of secondary importance!

That the Des Moines Convention had some practical resultl!l of the right sort is shown by the remark of a Princeton man at one of the delegation meetings, who said: "Well, fellows, I know what this means for me. It means that I must go back home and evangelize my own father in this generation." If such a spirit and practical fruitage could come to each of the seven thousand students it would mean the speedy evangelization of America and' of the world. These students came from over one thousand educational institutions and represented the 300,000 members of the student bodies in the 3,000 colleges, universities and professional schools of North America.

The gathering of such an immense number of young men and young women as crowded the Ooliseum of Des Moines, Iowa, for four days (December 31st to January 4th) was in itself an inspiration. One could not fail to be thrilled by the possibilities wrapped up in such a host of young lives if only they could be vitalized, directed and empowered by the Spirit of God. The volume of song as seven thousand voices joined in singing "May Jesus Ohrist Be Praised" or "The Son of God Goes Forth to War," stirred one's heart as did the addresses from such leaders as Sherwood Eddy, from missionaries like Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer. from Board Secretaries like Dr. John W. Wood, from teachers like Dean Brown of Yale, public men like Dr. George E. Vincent of the Rockefeller Foundation, from church leaders like Bishop W. F .. McDowell of Washington, from women like Helen Barrett Montgomery of RochesteT, and from the products of miJssions like Paul Kanamori of Japan.

A most impressive sight was the gathering of young men and young women of other races from all the great mission ·fields-the living products of Ohristian missions. These included 153 Ohinese, fifty-five Japanese and eighteen Filipinos, as well as nearly two hundred from some forty other lands, such as Korea, India, Africa, Mexico, South America Europe and Hawaii. It was like a visit to the mission fields to go from one of these foreign delegates' conferences to another, hearing the discussions of the problems of non-Ohristian religions, politics and religion, social and industrial welfare, education, medical work and evangelism in each separate country. The eloquence and earnestness of these foreign students

was an example to the American college students, too many of whom come without serious purpose or interest in Christian missions. Here also was a concrete example of the unity of all races and classes, and types of thinking in the one family of Jesus Christ.

The tide of interest rose as the days progressed, and many who had come from curiosity, for social reasons, or because they expected merely a great student rally, were captured for Christ and His service. The effect of the war was' evident in the mental attitude of the students. There was a demand for facts and for open discussion of problems rather than a desire to listen to the statements of ideals and exhortations to follow them. Nevertheless many delegates were led to the point of surrender of their lives to Christ and saw a new vision of the need of the people untouched by Christ. The 1,500 student volunteers present were a noble band whose influence permeated the convention. This is twice the total number of the delegates who met in the first Volunteer Convention in Cleveland in 1891. They were the crusaders already committed to serve in the great campaign to reclaim the world for Christ.

The volunteer Movement has had an incalcuable influence in the world since it was founded thirty-three years ago,-already over 8,000 volunteers have sailed. In addition to this 47,000 students are now enrolled in mission study classes; colleges and seminaries have established missionary lectureships, students are themselves giving over $300,000 a year to missions; the WorId Christian Student Federation has been formed, enrolling Christian Rtudents in all lands and untold influence has been exerted on churches and colleges at home and on the mission fields. Among other out-growths of the Volunteer Movement are the Laymen's Missionary Movement and the Missionary Education Movement.

What the recent convention will mean to the delegates, the . Church at home and to the cause of Christ at home and abroad, it is too early to form an opinion. It is not to be judged by the $45,000 per year that was subscribed in a few minutes on Saturday evening for the eX'penses of the meeting, nor by the expressions of approv~l of the meetings nor even by the number of young men and women who signed Volunteer declaration cards-it might be a calamity in some instances to have them take up mission work. The student leaders adopted a resolution (proposed by the New York delegation) recommending that all the delegates, on returning to their universities, devote January to reporting the convention to their fellow students and to the churches; February and March to the study of the teachings of Christ and their application to present conditions; April to recruiting for service at home and abroad and to the pressing of the claims of community betterment

SIGNS OF THE TIMES 8S

and Christian internationalism and that during 1920 an effort be made to raise at least $1,000,000 from college students for Christian work abroad.

The real value of the convention is to be judged by the number of lives that have been brought into vital touch with God through surrender to Jesus Christ, that have brought their lives and ambitions into harmony with His program and that selfforgetfully devote themselves and all that they have to the service of men wherever God may direct them. The leaders who have received the vitalizing influence and the vision at this convention may be the means, under God, of changing the destines of mankind by "the evangelization of the world in this generation."

THE NEW CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY AT PEKING C HRISTIAN education in China has been marked by three distinct tendencies; a movement toward union of various de- nominations in higher education, an increased effort to develop types of education which may be of practical service in China, and a new emphasis upon education for women. These three tendencies are embodied in a unique way by the recently reorganized Christian University of Peking. This unites the Methodist University of Peking, the Union College at Tungchou supported by the Presbyterians, the Congregationalists and the London Missionary Society, and two theological schools in which the same four denominations have been represented. The University expects to include departments of arts and iSciences and theology, schools of education, of jouralism, of agriculture and forestry, and of vocational and industrial training. With it is to be affiliated the Womans Union College at Peking.

Among the leaders called to the University from other parts of China are a president, Dr. J. Leighton Stuart formerly of the Theological Seminary atNanking, a vice-president, Henry W. Luce, formerly of Shantung University and a secretary, Mr. W. Reginald Wheeler, formerly secretary of Hangchow Christian College. A site for the University has been chosen, and a campaign for $2,000,- 000 for buildings and equipment is being conducted in England, America and China, under the leadership of the University Board of Trustees.

The plan of a great Christian University in Peking has developed by a resistless evolution in the minds of the members of the missions in China, after the complete destruction of every mission plant in the Boxer ,cataclysm of 1900. There should be at Peking one of the strongest Christian universities, not only in China but in Asia, because in all human probability Peking will continue to be the capital of the most populous nation of the world.

Not only has the university been thus welcomed by recognized

Christiall leaders, such as Dr. Arthur H. Smith and Dr. John R. Mott, but it has also received support and help from representatives <of Chinese business and political leaders.

Mr. Julian Arnold, American Commercial Attache at Peking Bxpresses the opinion that since the China of fifty years hence will be directly influenced by the character of education given Chinese ;sons and daughters during the next ten or twenty years, men and women mu!:?t be trained to meet the needs of a modern industrial, commercial, agricultural and economic society,but unless great care is exercised in planning the sort of education for these needs, this education may fail utterly in giving to the people those ethical concep·· tions of the relations of man to man essential to their success and happiness. In a word, the leaders of the new China must be men and women of strong Christian character, if China is to be a blessing to modern civilization.

THE SITUATION IN KOREA A CORRESPONDENT in Seoul writes that since the new Jap- anese administration came into office (September 1st) some minor reforms have been announced and a promise of selfgovernment has been made-to come into effect "when the time is considered opportune." The government is undoubtedly more disposed than formerly to consider the feelings of the Koreans, but with no idea apparently of granting them independence. No general amnesty has been granted to those imprisoned on political grounds, nor have flogging and torture been abolished. . The Koreans on their part are bitterly opposed either to (extermination or to absorption. They will be satisfied only with :autonomy. Some are inclined to compromise and to take what (they can get. They have adopted a policy of watchful waiting and have declined, in spite of warnings, to display the Japanese flag before their shops on holidays. The students have returned to school and educational work is returning to normal conditions. Students in the higher grade schools refused to attend the ceremonies on the Emperor's birthday on October 31st, when all students are required to bow before the Emperor's picture. Suspension for this rebellion has been threatened but no action has been taken by the authorities. The Christians are naturally very much disturbed, and the :work in mission schools and churches is greatly hampered because of the general unrest.

There is hope that the Japanese will conciliate the Koreans and will grant many liberal reforms, such as the repeal of the ordinance requiring the use 0.£ the Japanese language in schools, giving equality before the courts, enforcing social justice, granting political amnesty and abolishing all forms of torture in the examination of prisoners. Korea is still at a critical stage.

A CHANGING APPREHENSION OF CHRISID,· ''

C HRISTIANITY is not the unchanging apprehension or Christ. While He is the same yesterday and today and forever' in Himself, woe to the Christian, if Jesus Christ is only the same to us today that He was yesterday and is to be the same tons tomorrow that He is today. Christianity is the apprehensiqn of the unchanging Christ. – Our great need in personal religious experience is the 'dis- covery of the as yet unapprehended resources and gifts which are available for us in the exhaustless and illimitable Lord. In one sense, it is a new discovery that we need i in another sense, it is only a rediscovery of that which was apprehended by men long centuries ago. We must find, somehow, a way to expand our conception of Christ, so that we can recover that early apostolic belief in Him not only as the Divine Saviour of man, but as the complete revelation of the ideal character of man and of the true spirit of human society. When individual character stands in the illumination of Christ's own presence, men get their first startling apprehension of how absolute and commanding and complete is the figure of our Lord Jesus Christ.

Let any man bring his cha.racter or his ideals of character into that light, and something speaks to him at once that ranges beyond all that he has ever known or been.

Horace Bushnell wrote a chapter on the character of Jesus in which he showed the impossibility of His classification With men. He called the chapter "The Character of Jesus" but any man who reads the chapter -sees that it ought to bear. the. title "The character of Horace Bushnell revealed by his capacity to estimate the character of Jesus Christ."

Just in proportion as we bring our lives into the unclouded scrutiny of the presence of Christ, we see a vision looining above us, and realize that there is a call to enlargement of human character, to great ranges of human hope and faith, the possibilities of human friendship and affection, revealed in Christ, only on the threshold of which Christian men have ever dared to begin to -stand.

But it is not only that larger apprehension of Christ as the revelation of individual character that we need today, it is the revelation of Christ Himself as the new and authentic spirit. of human society. Men on .every hand today are making a claim • Note8 from an address given at the Y. M. C. A. Convention in Detroit. R. 2. s.

87,

for a partisan Christ. The whole movement of Bourbonism is Ol.r economic life 'has tried to shelter itself behind the figure of Christ as the justification of, an economic, static order in human society. On the other hand, the whole body of wild radicals who would surrender the priceless traditions of the past and, all the slowly accumulated gains of our age long struggle are trying to thrust their banner of radicalism into the hands of the Carpenter revolutionist.

Christ will be made the head of no faction, the leader of ~o party. Christ stands for the' spirit of absolute, sacrificial f:!r~d unselfish ministry in the whole of human life, and society will continue just as we see it today, a great welter of conflicting interests across the chasms within a nation and across the ~fs that lie between the nations, until that larger Christ OOllles in, who shall lay His standards of character on every man and the spirit of His broad love on all human life.

.In the second place, we need the enlargement of our apprehen- ~on 'of Christ to recover the old apostolic faith in Him, as the liIni,tless, all-powerful Saviour. The impress that He made on His time was the impresS' of power, of fortitude, of limitless courage, of faith in the unseen: no impression of weakness in t.hat great Spirit that had burst in revolt against all the limitations and the bounds of life in the years gone by!

The great outstanding word of the New Testament is the word "power." In the Concordance it occurs nearly three times as often as the word "hope" or the word "prayer" and twice 8S often as the noun "love." The great note of Christ's work in the world, the great note of His perpetual eminence in humanity is the note of power. He was "declared to be the Son of God with power by His rising again from the dead."

We need that larger view of Christ that will not abridge or limit His power. We need His power of fearless and penetrating diagnosis of moral and spiritual need. We need that power released upon our life in larger volumes today, to break the shackles of all our old habits of acceptance of what was practicable, our habits of acquiescence in moral achievement in life, our habits of surrender to defeat and shortcoming and moral delinquency. We need to realize that there are no psychologic laws that can abridge or limit or hinder the power that raised Jesus Christ from the dead. There are no limitations around the power of God. A God who was able to conquer death by the resurrection of His son is able today to slay any foe that needs to be slain, to do any work that needs to be done, to bnild in our own generation the walls of the Kingdom of God upon the earth.

We need a larger thought of Christ's power, as unhindered, as

EDITORAL COMMENT

revealing the real modern need of humanity, to accomplish today the work that our day needs.

Once again we need the expansion of our thought of Christ to understand Him in the sense in which the New Testament conceived Him. It is the wonder of all time that the Holy Spirit was able to expand the mind of that generation so it' could appre- hend Christ. As Somerville has put it in his great book on St. Paul's conception of Christ, we need to conceive Him now more than ever in human history as the Head of all humanity.

Of course, we can say that we will shelter ourselves within the boundaries of our own nation, but we can only say it, we can never do it. We never can deny the absolute and irresistible facts .

of the world today. Life the whole world over is all one life now, and you can never tear the interests of the nations asunder again.

Anyone nation, of course, can deny itself the gains of acknowledg- ing the facts of human life and relating itself to the rest of the world, but can never escape the penalties of that relationship, nor ever again in human history dissociate its interests, even the least of them from all the interests of mankind everywhere. .

We need to pass out not only into the larger thought of Christ as· the revelation of personal character and the spirit that ought to pervade human society, as the fountain of power and the revealing of God's will which He would like to achieve through man; we need to let into our lives the thought of Christ in the relationship which He sustains to you and to me, because poten- tially He sustains that same relationship to every man. W:e must lay hold on Him and let Him lay hold on us, as the light of all the world today, and interpret the character and obligations of Christian manhood in terms of thought characteristic of Christ and be ourselves the bearers of that light to all the darkened sections of the world.

The trouble of mankind today is no mere ethical trouble; it is a biological trouble. We have not the energies of life within us and we never can draw out of our tepid wills and our moral feebleness the great energies that alone can remake the world.

We must tap the new Fountain of life, the great Fountain of God's own life, unsealed in the Cross and the open grave of Christ. We must take Him not only as the Light of the World and as the life of man, but we must take Him as our Head, and, because our Head, the Head of all humanity.

Ohrist came to be not the Head of us, one by one, in our churches, in this brotherhood alone, but He came to be the Head of all mankind. No religion of social methods, of political systems, of moral ideals, has the flexibility and the adaptation and the power to make it fit the needs of the living world. Only the personal faith, behind which lies the infinite Pers'on, our Lord

Jesus Christ, is adaptable to the needs of all men in all lands, in all times. He is sufficient, this greater Christ, for all the world now!

But our problem is not about Christ; our problem is about ourselves. Do we conceive Him in truth or have we emptied Christ of His greatness ~ Have we been satisfied with· some small, partial figure, when the iniinite and inexhaustible Lord was calling us; have we failed Him? Are we afraid to let Him make us greaU Are we so little and so content in our littleness, that we dare not pass out of it at His call, who would bid us walk with Him in the great free ranges of the unmeasured power of His Father ~ Are we timid to make this known to men; to go out into the world and tell men Who has the remedy for human sickness 1 We live today in a practically unevangelized world; l!nd yet we have a Christ adequate for every man, and He is asking us, not do we think that He is sufficient, but how far we have fallen from being even the men that He has a right to expect us to· be. Is it not time that we began now to be that kind of men; to believe in the Christ of the New Testament; today, whim He laid hold upon us in our weakness and our loneliness, became our strength and our friend T MISS ANNA T. VAN SANTVOORD O NE OF THE members of the Board of Directors of the Missionary Review Publishing Company, Miss Anna T. Van Santvoord of New York, fell asleep in Christ on the evening of December 23rd. The loss to the REVIEW and to the missionary cause is most keenly felt as Miss Van Santvoord had, by her fidelity, her high ideals, her wise counsel and her generous gifts helped to direct the policies of the REVIEW for the past year and she had made it possible for many missionaries to receive the henefit of the monthly visits of the magazine. For many years she had been vitally interested in all forms of Christian work and was a generous supporter of missionary and benevolent enterprises.

The many devoted friends of Miss Van Santvoord have suffered an unspeakable loss, but the memory of her Christlike character and radiant life, her loving service, her sympathetic and helpful comradeship, will never pass away.

Miss Van Santvoord was the daughter of the late Commodore Van Santvoord, the founder of the Hudson River Day Line, and was an active member of the Reformed Church in America. Her many natural gifts and graces were crowned by a deep spiritual life so that all her talents were used in the service of her King and of His children. Her liberality extended her ministries not only over America but to far distant lands, so that her influence was in· reality world wide.

A GLIMPSE OF THE TIBETAN TABLE LANDS AND MOUNTAIN

Unoccupied Fields in Central Asia BY JOHN R. MUIR, PENGSHAN HSIEN, SZCHUAN Missionary of the China Inland Mission GREAT CRISES produoe great heroes. Now that the world war has come to an end what will become of the martial spirit that has spent itself in military campaigns 1 Let us hope that the spirit of service and sacrifice will manifest itself in hard and dangerous tasks undertaken for J lesus Christ. One such task that calls for volunteers is to enter those fields now without a knowledge of Christ, and none of these is more in need of pioneers than the great unevangelized stretches of Central Asia.

A glance at the map is sufficient to show that there is still much land to be possessed. Practically the whole of the mountainous region of Asia lies in utter ignorance of Christ. "This mountainous country (from 1200 E. 500 N.) stretches in a southwesterly direction and is fairly continuous all the way from Manchuria (across Mongolia and Eastern Turkestan) to the 91

Tianshan Mountains of Turkestan." 1 South of this is an immense depression, in places lower than sea-level and as far ·as the Kwenlun Mountains, where the rise commences to the level of the Tibetan Plateau. It is bounded by Kashmir on the west, India on the south, .and China on the east. This enormous mountain region is to Asia what Switzerland is to Europe. From these mountains flow the great rivers which bring life to the fertile valleys of Siberia, China and India.

These mountainous wastes are not uninhabited, for men have chosen to live there. Many tribes live in Central Asia under varied conditions. There are the Tartar hordes who overran Asia and part of Europe, and the Manchus who went to China. The histories of China are full of references to the Man and the Meng, the Miao, the Yi, and the Tih-all fearsome tribes who were with difficulty kept beyond the frontiers. The Great Wall stretching across the northern boundary of China tells the story.

Not all of this territory of Central Asia is habitable. There are great deserts, as Gobi in southwestern Mongolia and Taklamakan in Eastern Turkestan. Portions' of Tibet are masses of eternal snow and ice. SOIllle districts are arid and unproductive, and many rivers flow into lakes to which there is no apparent outlet. It would not be an exaggeration to say that fifty percent of the two and one half million square miles will not support a permanent population.

But not all of the territory is a desert. There are rolling grass-lands where the shepherd nomads of Mongolia and Tibet feed their flocks. There are well-watered valleys where the peaoo~ ful Uriankhai of northern Mongolia and the warlike Nepali and Bhutanese gather rich crops. There are centers of population where the Turki traders hold their markets. These fifteen millions of· people need Christ's message of salvation.

The following countries am included in our survey: Mongolia AREA POPULATION E. Turkestan Tibet 1,367,953 sq. miles 3,000,000 Nepal 550579" " 1,200,000 Bhutan 463'320" " 6,000,000 5,000,000 54,'459" " 15,200,000 2,436,311 "

With the exception of Nepal the entire field is very sparsely populated. In some districts people may be found by the thousands while in others there are no dwellings.

• Quoted from "UnknOWD Mongolia" Carruthers.

19201 UNOCCUPIED FIELDS IN CENTRAL ASIA

A GATHERING OF TIBETANS AT A RELIGIOUS FESTIVAL Whether we approach this field from the east, the west, north 01' south, the same difficulties confront one due to the mountains and .the absence of railways. Them are no easy routes to Central Asia nor will there be till 'We are able to travel by air. Travelers who encircle the globe in yachts and cross continents in palace cars would marvel at the slow-moving caravans of awkward looking yak, ungainly camels, or obstinate mules, that cross uninviting mountains by roads of indescribable roughness. Many of the roads reach altitudes of 17,000 feet and the average day's journey is about twenty-five miles.

There are, of course, no continuous water routes. Occasionally there is a river where light craft may go down stream over dangerous rapids. Navigable lakes are almost unknown. Therefore the saddle is the traveler's Sleat month after month. There are no well built highways and many of the roads are mere caravan trade routes. The traders do not stop to repair the roads and the government is indifferent or helpless. The monotony of such traveling is happily relieved by the grassy steppes on which one finds herds and flocks under the care of the shepherds; other days are passed without a sign of "any human beings.

In these regions there are whole tribes of which we know little more than the name; and others still unknown in Europe and America. Missionaries, explorers and travelers have crossed and recrossed these mountains from the time of Marco Polo or of

the ea,rliest Nestorian evangelists, but they have usually followed i~he main highways, so that the country to the right and left still lies in obscurity. Generally speaking, the people of Mongolia, Turkestan and Tibet have many kindred characteristics, though illey may not be of kindred races. Mountain conditions have combined to produce similar types in the Tatars, Turkis and Tibetans. The people of Nepal and Bhutan though similar, have been influenced by the Aryan civilization of India.

In the main, the people of Central Asia are primitive children of nature. Their arts are among the crudest known in the world today, though they have borrowed much from their more civilized neighbors. Living much in the open air they are vigorous and athletic. Were it not for their uncleanly habits they would be healthy; but as it is, filth and immorality produce many diseases. As they have lived long under the authority of a superior government they have learned to be amenable to a degree. T1re,y are, moreover, open-minded and inclined to listen to new ideas. Being accustomed to the servitude imposed upon them by the Chinese overlords, as well as their own feudal masters, they are psychologically fitted to embrace a faith that will give them liberty. They have not yet, however, begun to l'1e,alize the meaning of freedom in Christ Jesus.

The social conditions in Central Asia vary considerably according to the location, race, tribe, or religion. Most of the Mongolians and the Tibetans aIle' nomadic shepherds, and are akin religiously. But in northern Mongolia the Uriankhai are farmers and settled in villages. The people of Turkestan are roving Mohammedan traders, following the ancient trade rout.€,s between western Asia and China. The Ghoorkhas of Nepal are a warlike race who follow agriculture for a livelihood, but ever ready for the warpath.

Mongolia may be divided into four zones: Southern zone Cerdos tribes, etc. Pop. 1,000,000 Pastureland No pop. Desert zone (Gobi) One fourth of whole area Waste Central zone South of border ranges Pastureland Uriankhai, Tartar tribes Small Pop. Northern zone 2/3 of Population Most of the country is pasture Dr desert. Recently a British traveler, Douglas Carruthers, has given us additional light on northern Mongolia, and has introduced us to the interesting peoples of that region. He says that two-thirds of the Mongolians live in the northern zone', so that if our previous estimate of 3,000,000 for Mongolia accounts chiefly for the southern tribes, the total number may be considerably larger.

In this part of "unknown Mongolia" are to be found the remains of those Tartar tribes which once oVierran the world. Kublai Khan almost accomplished what Napoleon and others have sought to do. With his capital in a remote comer of Mongolia,

UNOCCUPIED i<'IELDS IN CENTRAL ASIA

where once his ancestors dwelt in humble tents, he fixed his magnificent court from whence he ruled the world. The children of his shepherd warriors still live there, but the world is unknown to them and they are unknown to the world. To the northward beyond the ranges of the plateau in the upper basin of Siberia's great River, Yenisei, are people called Uriankhai and Kalmuk. They are still nominally a part of Mongolia, although under a strong Russian influence.

Eastern Turkestan is called by the Chinese Sinkiang, and is sometimes also called Chinese Turkestan. In common with Mongolia, Manchuria and Tibet it has been a dependency of China. It was not one of the provinces but a subject territory. Eastern Turkestan, the most western of China's territories, is divided into three zones: Southern Kashgaria Mohammedan Central Taklamakan Desert Northern Zungaria Mohammedan In Kaspgaris nine-tenths of the, people are said to be Barts, or villagers of mixed Turki extraction. Of the remainder only a very small percentage are of Chinese blood, although the country is ruled by Chinese. Zungaria shows a great admixture of tribes, including Mongolians and Tibetans.

In Tibet we find similar conditions without the vast desert areas, such as are found in Mongolia and Turkestan. The country is divided into several main divisions: North East Kokonor Pastureland South East Khams South Central Tsang Pasture and farming Western Ngari """

Pastureland Between these, and among them, are the waste places. No part of Tibet is under 10,000 ft. in altitude and the average is between 12,000 and 14,000 ft. The people consequently live in the lower valleys, but in summer the nomads may be found on the higher steppes wherever they find pasturage, Many of the social conditions of Tibet are found in the other regions of Central Asia. Practically none of thel Chinese going into these territories' take Chinese wives with them. The result is temporary marriages, with abandonment of wife and children when a changle' of location becomes necessary. Mohammedans of Kashgaria and the Mongolians and Tibetans live very immoral Hves. Polandry, such as exists in Tibet, is not so much a system of conjugal relationship as the result of utter lack of restraint in sex relations.

This custom gives woman a unique position in the household. Her male associates come and go. They may be brothers of a family, or Chinese traders or more transient visitors. She always represents the "home," such as it is, and as such is the "head of the house." The children born under such conditions' live no betiJe'r than their elders. Virtue according to Chinese standards is unknown, and youth is blighted early.

While much of the population is nomadic and moves about as shepherds, or traders, small communities are found in places where more permanent abodes are possible. The nomads have their centers where all gather for mutual protection and assistance during the winter months. They gellJerally live in tents, even in these temporary villages. A Chinese generally builds a house and even the frontier guards and minor military officers live in block houses. Where traders congregate, especially if they are Chinese, shops are built which grow into "streets." These centers are found everywhere. More permanent villages are found where mountain streams permit irrigation. The fields become very productive and as many farmers as possible locate in the surrounding valleys.

Two religious systems are found among these tribes. In Turkestan the people are Sunni Mohammedans and show the characteristics of the Moslems of other lands. Their worship of the "one true God" is incompatible with the lives they live in public and in private. They aIle' very bigoted and cannot readily be turned from their errors.

Mongolia, Tibet and Bhutan are solidly Lamaistic. This system, recognized now as distinct from' Buddhism, has spread over Oentral Asia and has resisted the encroachments of Indian, Chinese and Mohammedan cults. Many Buddhistic ideas are found in Lamaism, but it is difficult to tell where they originated.

Lamaism is a system built upon an original Animism that was probably indigenous to Tibet or to Mongolia. It recognizes the, direct influence of spirits which do good or evil to those they love or hate. Sacrifice and devotion are required to ward off evil and to secure favorable ministrations from the demons. Even the Mohammedanism of Turkestan has not freed the Sarts from this demon-worship, nor has the Buddhism adopted from India done more for the Tibetans and Mongolians.

The lamas may have taken their belief in transmigration of the soul from the Buddhists, or Gautama may have learned much of his philosophy from 'l.oetans.

The Tibetans are essentially a religious people, but as so often happens among Orientals, religion and virtue are not synonymous. From dawn till dark the Tibetan cultivates religious habits. His belief in the supernatural is profound, and he WOf-

ASIA

..OCEAN The bl-=k denotesthe portion 'Of unc"angehzed terrItory he.tcd .n the article It is almost entirely wilho .. t mlSSlonanes.

Irl~h Pr~ M A PORTION OF Plymouth Brethren UNEVANGELIZED eandreS CENTRAL ASIA D ~'shMongotianM .a~umen [ Siolf~ishA1ll11nc:elC.I"U (rvntnfu Scandlnavtan Alliance ( Chlf'la Inland M Svenska MtS5IOnsforbunck>( . Moravian, J Church of Scotland ' Norther,.. Baptist Pentecostal 'BrltlSh) Ctl MlSSiol'ulty H Chmbin iilRd Mos,s All o r0ref811 Chmtliln lot c.n<td'anM~ Froend .. Method,st £p (North) Am B.lpbstFMs..

'or " Work MongoliaM Wu;.. for Tu,1enslan … t WtwtdorT,bebfl'S I'll .Chln~WI')I'konty ~~~~~~~!6~~~[fi~~~ ~~Isslon WIW Needed SSttialllilaoRllSS ,(1"9'1.w81n thUS .c=::J missions LIne of future advuce,t—- ~~ec~::~~"::I~:dO' ~aln HDI A Note ' Only three American Sociellc' h."e work for hAonlOloha ilod Tibet.

flOlll

UNOCCUPIED FIELDS IN CENTRAL ASIA

ships everything in heaven and earth. The forces of nature and the powers of reproduction are worshipped and fignres to r ep- resent such are made for ido ls.

As a final pinnacle to their elab- orate system they have deified men who are supposed to be pos- sessed with the spirits of deities that pass from one generation to another. The Tatar Lama is the greatest of these "divine" he- ings, but there are scores of oth- ers, ca!led hutukehtu throughout the lamaseries of Tibet and Mon- golia.

rrhe lamasery, or monaster y, is generally the center of every large settlement. Fully thirty A TYPICAL TIBETAN per cent of the men of Tibet a re priests. They control everything from finance to religion. The circumstance which has brought the former world conquering Mongolians to their present position of inactivity and poverty is the reli gion of the lamas. It has robbed men of all independence, and sooner or later all the fruit of their labors finds a resting place in some huge r eligious institution.

Bhutan has now been r eestablished as a kingdom with a recognized king. Nepal has had her Maharajah and has learned Te,adily from India, but has not permitted-the missionary to become established there. Under the Republic all that the changes may mean for ·China's territories no one at present can tell.

Since the establishment of the Chinese Republic the Mongo- lians and Tibetans have demanded autonomy, claiming that they were subjects only of the Manchus. Contiguous foreign countries will probably welcome the principle of autonomy throughout Central Asia, using these smaller kingdoms as "buffer states" betWle>en themselves and China. Stable governments will be infinitely better than the old tribal systems, and foreigners will be treated with more consideration.

Large parts of Central A sia are still inaccessible to us. Into these forbidden districts the missionaries of many societies have attempted to enter during past years. The reasons for failure are many, but none of them ought to be sufficient to keep the Gospel out entirely. Isolation, scarcity of supplies, hard traveling, rough living-these are to be expected.

.. The following societies are now most directly. interested in :'·;central Asia. mth the exception of one station in Turkestan, at Urumchi (Tihwafu), all of the other occupied places are on the borders.

I IN MONGOLIA Society Nationality Station Workers Patsibolong 2 Married Scandinavian Alliance American Halong Osso 2 (7) Kalgan 3 Swedish Mongolian Mission Swedish British and Foreign Bible Soc. British ADJAC~NT TO MONGOI,IA The Brethren British rehOI ? Pakow ? Tuchiaopu Irish Presbyterian British Manchuria 2 Swedish Alliance (C. 1. M.) Swedish North Shansi 3 rhga, II IN TURKESTAN 6 6 Swenska Mission Swedish Jarkend China Inland Mission Jengi-Hessar 1 Hancheng 3 International Urumchi 2 III WORK FOR TIB~TANS, IN INDIA r(Kashmir) 10 Moravian Mission In ternational Kyelang " 1 Poo .. 1 Scotch Presbyterian Scotch Presbyterian Kalatse " 1 Scandinavian Alliance Sikkim Mission British Kalimpong 1 " Darjeeling 2 American Kalimpong ?

Independent " 1 WORK FOR TIB~TANS, IN CHINA Christian and Miss. Alliance American Taochow (Kansuh) 7 ~wei(~anSUh) 2 Pentecostal Mission British Likiang (Yunnan) 4 China Inland Mission International T'chienlu (Szchuan) 4 Christian (Disciples) Mission American Weikiu" 2 . Batang" 10 Other societies located near Tibet, but having no work among Tibetans, are the Church Missionary Society (India and Wle'st China), the American Baptists (Burma), the American Methodists

UNOCCUPIED FIELDS' IN CENTRAl., ASIA

(India), the Canadian Methodist (India) and the British and For- eign Bible Societies (itinerant workers.) In Napal and Bhutan, no di- rect missionary work is being done by foreigners, but various societies located in India near the borders of these lands are working through native Chris- tians. Traveling missionaries also come in contact with some of these peoples.

Work has been developed by ten or twelve societies that are now in a position to push their work farther afield. There are other smaller soCieties and some organizations· interested in work among the Chinese and Indians A TYPICAl, TIBETAN PRIEST who could take a share of this neglected work, and would make it necessary for any new organizations to enter the field. But if the Lord cannot induce His servants already equipped to enter the new fields it may become necessary for Him to create a new force which will accomplish His purpose. His work must be done.

All of the workers interested in the Tibetans agree that there has been as yet no decided movement among them toward the Gospel. The Christian and Missionary Alliance of the East report that only about six or eight Tibetans have been baptized in the last nearly twenty years, but the missionaries have gained a standing and influence among them which cannot be estimated.

Prejudice and hatred have given way to friendship 'and confidence.

The Moravians on the' western side of Tibet report that the great hindrance to the work lies in the fact that Buddhism (Lamaism) seems to have dulled the conSCIence of the people, so that an actual sense of sin seems scarcely to be present; and therefore they have no desire for God's pardoning grace.

lnfluences have, however, gone forth from all the stations on Central Asia. Gospels and tracts have been distributed and some of the people who live on the borders or have traveled into China, India and Persia have heard the wonderful news' of salvation.

The' plans of the Svenska Missionforbundet in Turkestan may be highly commended. One of their workers writes: "When our mission first occupied this field it was with the intention of establishing a long line of stations straight through Asia

from Tiflis, along the Trans-Caspian Railway, and so farther east along the main road from Kashgar to China proper. " These' plans have been simplified till now they have four well developed stations and contemplate entering a fifth. No less admirable is, the good work done by the Moravians in western Tibet. But in spite of the large and more spe'ctacular calls from other fields they have carried on their Tibetan work with admirable courage.

The work carried on by the societies intel'lested in Central Asia should be extended. Arrows on the map show the anticipated line of advance of each one of these societi,e's. Only lack of workers and funds prevents most of them from meeting the demands. A far more difficult task is to point out the districts in which there are no wormers at present. These are indicated by a ring around the name of the district tribe, or center where work might be started. The governments of Bhutan, Nepal and Tibet should be prevaiLed upon to allow· missionaries to reside within their borders. Some possible locations for stations are: Neglected Country Area for location Stations Suggested Mongolia Khailor Heilungkiang, Manchuria " Urga Eastern Mongolia Kiakhta " Uliassutai " Siberia (for Buriats) Kobdo " Uriankhai Western Mongolia Kalmuks Turkestan Ilifu (Kuldja) Tibet " " Hsiningfu North Mongolia " co Sungpan " " Mowkung " Northwest Sinkiang Ningyiian fu " Sadiya " Kansuh, China Darjerling " Szchuan, China Gartok Nepal Khatmandu "" Gurkha " "" Punakha Bhutan Assam (Burma) North India Western Tibet (Ngari) Nepal " Bhutan The immediate need 'is for a new and deeper interest among God's peopl1e' for the evangelization of Central Asia. There is a large unoccupied area and an opportunity, accompanied by the most strenuously adverse circumstances. To take advantage of such opportunities as are now presented, men and women must be willing to de'Vote themselves to the accomplishment of these great tasks; and others at home must be ready to consecrate their money to support the work. Above all there is the need of prayer to the "Lord of the harViest to send forth laborers into His harvest;" and that He will open the way and manifest His power by spiritual' sign~ and wonders.

I 920J UNOCCUPIED FIELDS IN CENTRAL ASIA

TIBETAN PRIESTS BLOWING TRUMPETS (1 5 F'l'. LONG) AT ANNUAL FESTIVAL Comprehensive Geography of The Chinese Empire. L. Richards. Shanghai, 1908. The Chinese Empire. M. Broomhall. London, 1908. Atlas of the Chinese Empire. C. I. M. London. The Chinese Government. W. F. Mayers. Shanghai, 1886. The Heart of a Continent. Sir F. Younghusband. London, 1904. The Middle Kingdom. Williams. New York, 1861. China Opened. Gutzlaff. London. 1838. All the Works on Travels. By Sven Hedin. Mongolia and the Country of the Tanguts. Presevalsky. S. Petersbnrg, 1885. Journey through Mongolia and Tibet. W. W. Rockhill. Washington, 1894. Journey in Chinese Turkestan. Hr. Doring, Shanghai, 1907. Journeys in China, Tartary and Tibet. Huc et Gabel. The Land of the Lamas. W. W. Rockhill. New York, 1891. With the Tibetans in Tent and Temple. S. C. Riinhart. New York, 1901. China Mission Year Book, 1912-19. Article: "China's Dependencies." Non-occupied Fields of Asia and Africa. Zwemer. The Call of the World. Doughty.

WILLIAM CLIFTON DODD. D. D

to the Tai BY PAUL M. HINKHOUSE, NEW YORK I N THIS twentieth century, with the mIssIOnary movement gaining momentum, and looking back over a century of ever-expanding, successful missionary activity, we are apt to think of pioneers as in the distant past.

One of the missionary pioneers of recent years was Dr. William Clifton Dodd. For about thirty-three years, in far-flung out-stations, hundreds of miles from the fringe of civilization, he labored among the representatives of the great Tai race, first in Siam, then in Burma, then again in Siam. Finally, after twenty years of yearning and pleading, he was permitted to labor, for one short year, in the newly opened station of Chieng Rung, China. He was in every sense a great missionary, looking forward and pressing onward, not backward, full of great plans for the future, expecting great things from God and ready to attempt great things for Him. He built well on the foundation of others, but with that he was not content. He saw rich harvests in regions beyond and he longed to preach Christ to the millionS' of unreached Tai.

The missionaries of today are building on the foundation of the pioneers who have gone before. Starting from central points, missionaries, year by year, have established new stations and have lengthened the frontier of missionary activity. Out-stations a few days journey from the nearest station are formed as opportunities and workers permit.

Who and where are the Tai 1 The Siamese call their country, "Muang Tai" or "The Land of the Free." The word "Tai" means free and is taken by a race which is of equal antiquity with' the Chinese. If we may trust ancient Chinese records as containing even the outlines of veritable history, it is found that the Tai race is mentioned as living in the western part of Szechuan Province, China, as early at 2200 B. C. The inference is that the Chinese found the Tai in China when the former first came into the country, some twenty-three centuries B. C. The pressing hordes of Chinese pushed the Tai farther and farther south. Wlhen they reached the region now included in the .southern provinces of China, and northern Burma and Siam, they set up a Tai kingdom in 629 A. D. which lasted for over six hundred years. This was overthr.own when the Mongols under Kublai Khan conquered Tai and Chinese alike, in 1234 A. D.

Since their defeat by Kublai Khan, the Tai have not been lOJ

SAM TOW A MOU NTAI N VILLA GE. CHEUNG TUN G regnant in any part of China, but they have had · flourishing kipgdoms in regions to the south. Those living in China have not lost their language or customs and the Tai1angu~ge is spoken with dialectic differences by more than twenty million peop)p. In round number s, Siam furnishes about eight million, China from seven to ten million, French Tonkin two million and Burma a million ~nd a half.

The Tai are of Mongolian origin and closely resemble the Ohinese of Kwangtung and Kwangsi in appearance. They are even more agricultural than the Ohinese. There is not the assumed superiority over foreign races which the Ohinese had in the early days of their contact with the Occident, and the entire race has shown itself open and receptive. There is every reason to believe that they are undeveloped rather than decadent. The Tai are among the few primitive races left in the world, and as such were singled out for special attention by the Missionary Oonference at Edinburgh in 1910.

In sending its representatives seventeen days from its northernmost station to begin work in a new field and in another country, the Nortb Siam Mission of the Presbyterian Ohurch in the U. S. A. made a pioneer move. When Dr. W. Olifton Dodd and Dr. O. W. Mason pushed their way into the great province of Yunnan in southwestern China to carry the message of Christ to the unreached millions of the Tai race, they were making missionary history. On cannot but feel humbled, when he reads the letter from Dr. Mason telling of the first Communion Service in that newly organized station, submerged in the darkness, ignorance and

1920J WILLIAM CLIFTON DODD, APOSTLE TO. THE TAl

TOURING IN NORTHERN SIAM-RES'!' BY THE WAYSIDE superstition of an Oriental jungle, and then ponders but a moment upon the courage which Christ instils into the hearts of His missionaries.

Under date of Jan. 29, 1919, Dr. Mason writes: "We had our first Communion Service and there were four adult baptisms, so you see we are already beginning to see results from the seed sowing. As you remember, Dr. McGilvary first sowed seed here twentysix years ago. Then Dr. Dodd had made several tours through this region. * * * "I feel that Sunday, January 19, 1919, is such an historical day that r will take time to describe it to you in some detail. In January Mr.

Beebe gave refuge to an old couple who were accused of witchcraft. I have never seen a man who seemed more sincere than this old man. He and his wife were the first two baptized here. Then two of the i1iterate Tai boys of Yunnan province were also baptized, making four. These two boys have been believers for over five years but have had no one to teach them in their own language. Counting ourselves, there were sixteen that partook of the Lord's Table. And it was a very solemn occasion, for the very presence of the Holy Spirit could be felt. We all felt that surely Dr. McGilvary must be permitted to be with us on this occasion in spirit, as he so much desired to see the Gospel given to the 'rai wherever they are found."

Dr. Dodd was a man of vision. After spending his early life on an Iowa farm, he was graduated from Parsons College in 1883 and from McCormick 'l'heological Seminary in 1886. A college and seminary classmate and a life long friend of Dr. Dodd writes: "We recognized him as our superior along intellectual and spiritual lines. We felt that he had a superior personality and were confident that * * * in the future he would hold .a much larger place than any of us. In this judgment we were flot disappointed.

"On his way to Siam, he wrote a brilliant series of letters for the Mid-Conlinent, published in St. Louis. But once on the field he became abs,orbed in his wo:k and his facile I?en was laid aside except for things whIch had to do wIth hIS work for hIS chosen people-the Tai race. For thirty-three years he was permitted to labor with a consuming zeal and an outstanding ability which put his name to the fore of the American missionary force of the twentieth centllfy. He was by natllfe and desire a missionarv of the pioneer type * * * and thus stands related to them as Living- stone to Africa, Judson to Burma, Morrison to China, Underwood to Korea and Hepburn to Japan."

Dr. Dodd reached Chieng Mai, the center of the North Siam Mission (formerly known as the Laos Mission) on February 17, 1887, and expressed a preference for work along the line of a Training School for Christian workers.

About four months after his arrival in Siam Dr. Dodd wrote his impressions following his first missionary tour with Dr. Mc- Gilvary.

"We arrived at the ·first station about the middle of the afternoon, and before bed time held religious conversation with as many enquirers as time would permit. * * >I< Our 'outward and ordinary means' of at- tracting an audience were a watch, two mariners' compasses, a magnifying glass, a stereoscope with an assortment of views and a violin. >I< * * "The religious attitude of the people was a revelation to the newly arrived missionary and doubtless would be to most of God's people in the United States. Nearly all these people had heard of the 'religion of the great God' but had never been visited by a missionary. >I< * * But their reception was marvellous * * * Without exception these Buddhis.ts confessed at the outset, or were brought to concede, the immeasurable superiority of Christianity.

"The results we cannot measure. We were absent about two weeks. Religious service or conversations were held in more than twenty homes, and in some of these several times. Audiences varied from a single enquirer to fifty. Thus hundreds heard the Gospel for the first time."

The Training School which Dr. Dodd organized was such an important part of his early work tha.t when he was transferred to the Lampun station, south of Chieng Mai, the school was moved with him and some twenty students accompanied him. He early showed great facility in the use of the language and his trips into the country districts were always used as opportunities of getting a foundation in the dialetic differences so common in the language of that country. By 1894, the Training School had grown to fifty students and Dr. McGilvary wrote: "The year of our absence had been almost a banner year as regards successful evangelistic work. Mr. Dodd's Training School had furnished a larger number of fairly well prepared evangelists than we had ever had before. Between forty and fifty of these had been actually at work on the field for longer or shorter periods during the year and their work was very successfu."

In February, 1888, Dr. Dodd was one of a party of three who investigated the feasibility of starting a station at Chieng Rai,

1<)20] WILLIAM CLIFTON DODD, APOSTLE TO THE TAl

TWO PRINCESSES AND THEIR BABIES IN JIUANG LAAM in the extreme north of Siam, about ten day's journey hy caravan from Chieng Mai. The ChiE'ug Rai station was not opened until seven or eight years later, but he had recE'ived his first great vision of the shepherdless sheE'p beyond. Dr. McGilvary who always had before him thE' vision of future work among th(~ Tai of Burma, French Tndo-Cllilla, HIllI soutll!'t'll Chilla, wrote that this station was fOUlJdcd "in the COIl'ictioll that it would prow' a stepping stone to the large northern section of the 'rai racE', established in territory which is now English, Ij'rench and Chinese." Dr.

Dodd ill' due time was permitted to open the Chieng Rai station and from it, as a centf'}" toured all the great section visualized by Dr. McGilvary. The work of tllp missionary ill Siam is essentially one of touring alld tf'achillg. Conscious that missionaries are but passing helpers amI that the work of evallgelization must ill its finality bp dOlle by native workers, Dr. Dodd's efforts were along the line of tpaching. At the same time he used his grf'at literary ability to put Christian literature into native dialects.

He felt that if the peoplf' were to be adEquately reached, tfwy Illllst haye a teacher closer to them than one who could come hut Ol1ce a year. He" saw from his frequellt tours among the Tai outside the borders of Siam, that the Siam missionaries had a distinct and very defillite problem in presenting the Gospel to the millions of unreached Tai, for they were the only ones who had any knowledge of the Tai language. For a time he was locatf'd at the station of Keng Tung in Burma, and when that was closf'd he returned to Chieng Rai, more than ever convinced that the respollsihility fur the Tai could not be shirked. He had the vision of the whoh~ Gospel to the whole Tai people and in one of his letters pleading for permissioll to advance, he says, "Millions who have grOWl! very dear to us hang upon your decision and action. "

III order to determine the strength and location of the Ta~ race in South Chilla and elsewhere, he made a tour in 1910 which lasted for five and olle-half mOllths. As a result, he proved what he had long believed that within a territory nearly half as large as HlP Ullited States east of the Mississippi, the predominant elemellt in the population was Tai and that no mission was WOl'killg among them. .

The report of his tour reads like pages from a vivid romallce, Though a mall of great physical vigor, Dr. Dodd was attacked by muscular rheumatism and when his pony was unable to carry him up the mountains he had to drag his left leg painfully after the other; and night after night he made his way into camp almost exhausted. Like Paul, he was in journeyings often and in perils often.

Nothing touched him so greatly on the entire trip as the faithfulness of the Siamese cook he had brought with him from Chieng Mai and who accompanied him during his entire journey.

"Ai Fu kept faithful all the way with me-not a grouch or a grumble. Much as I loved and respected the great historic Tai race before, I confess that my appreciation of them as a people was heightened by this day-by-day, wilderness contact with Ai Fu. When all the others, after faithful service, had gone back to their homes and rice fields, my heart was touched in our morning and evening devotions together, when Ai Fu would say, 'We two servants of God: God bless the dear fellow! What

WILLIAM CLIFTON DODD, APOSTLE TO THE TAl

[Jossibilities of fortitude, faithfulness and fervor in a race which has produced a man like that!"

The problem which Dr. Dodd :saw lwfore him wa:s olle that would tax the :slnJJlge~t hpurted. He wrote, "A field 400,000 :square mile:s ill area, a population between twelve and sixteen million, a common language, a race with a history over forty-one centuries old, and still a growing people, a race strategically related to three great world powers (England, France and Ohina) and interrelated with the destinies of nearly a half billion Asiatic neighbors, a race providentially endowed and shaped and conserved, so that even the Providence which has rendered the field difficult 1:0 be manned with misssion workers has also served to preserve A BIG BAZAR SCENE IN KENGTUNG. NEAR SITE OF A PROPOSED MISSION CHAPEL this great race free from the vices of the Occident, the most receptive of Buddhist peoples, a people one canllot help but IOVf>- this is the groundwork of the task."

The strenuous trip of 1910 was taken on his way home from Siam for his furlough. At home he plead for permissioll to open a new station among the people whom he had so much at heart. He plead as if for his life, and returned to Siam heavy hearted because the time did not seem opportune. One wonders what might have been accomplished had his work started then. But his last term spent ill the station of Ohieng Rai was a preparation for the opportunity which he .felt must soou be realized by the Ohurch at home. He made frequent tours into the region, earnestly preaching the Gospel and gathering the enquirers into temporary

training- R('hool;.:, ahya~'R longing for t1lP tilllP to (,Ollll' ,dwn hE' might, Iw as OIle with llWtll rather than a trayelpr from a far land. He improvpd I'"('ry ()Pl)()rtullit~· to Recurp illformation about the dialects of the great race he ~wanted to help. He had Ii larger first-hand knowledge of the fipld and probably knew more concerning the language, hiRtory and cm,tomR of the Tai race than any other man.

During his furlough of 1917, the long expected advanre into the Tai region of China bpcallJe a reality. He was to retnrn to the field of his choice and he W('llt hack to the field light in heart at the thought of spending his future years of usefulness among the Tai of YUllllan. On his way to the field he widened his contact with the missionarieR in China and enlisted their support for the work. Being delayed for three months by the monsoon, he spent that time with the missionaries of the China Inland Mission in the north of Yunnan. Fourteen Tai families in that reg-ion had been converted throug-h the medium of the Chinese language, but the Tai of that region clamored for hymns and literature in their own languag-e. He immediately set to work, securing a vocabularly from the people and before long he had mastered the dialectic differences. While Mrs. Dodd taught a school for young Tai women, Dr. Dodd wrote the first book that had ever been written in that dialect, using the written character of North Siam. With the aid of a manifolding machine an edition of three hundred copies was print('d.

No sooner had he reached Chieng Rung, than the, need of ,work in other places appeared to him. He wrote: ",If the Lord keeps us here the rest of our lives, we shall stay contentedly. The evangelistic opportunity is immense-practically unbounded. But we feel called to promote other stations for the as yet unreached millions of Tai. Ve are six days from a telegraph office here and our recently es:ablished post office is very irregular as to its service. Our two families are over half a month distant from another medical family. We live in temporary houses-the best obtainable with fund~ provided and the men and material available. Our lives are exceedingly primitive and isolated. When we think of the work we ought to be doing for the Tai elsewhere. we feel that we are in a pocket."

Shortly aft!'r hi:;- anivul at Chieug Rung lIP oncp more commencetl his tourillg amollg' the group!' lIP had previously organized. He startpd January 25, 1919, and wrotp that his Tai hays and Olle of the evangelists became very illterestfd in visiting some Tai Yah villages. The villagPl"s were shy and suspicious at first, but the boys seemed to yin them over to confidence and friendship. Comfort was brought to a bereaved father and mother who had recently lost an only son. This SOIl had carried Christian literature around with him everywhere, and had tried to get them to come into the Christian faith with him.

The Tai people are in the main animists. A great many of them are nominal Buddhists, 'but spirit worship and belief in spirits causes them great concern. The popUlation is chiefly rural and there is a simplicity of character and life which one would naturally expect from such people. The Tai are all their lives in bondage to the fear of demons-srpirits of the family, of the earth and sky, of fire and water, or rock and forest, of the teacher, of the home, of the village and of the whole land. They have a universal love for flowers, music and hospitality and have great respect for women.

Of the hold that spirits have upon the people, Dr. Dodd wrote: "Ve have peculiar hindrances to the spread of the Gospel. Only yesterday, I was soundly berated for not 'binding' the witch-spirit of one of our Christians. It transpired today that the heathen believe that we are Great-Demon Media: that I could, by incantation, have invoked and secured the services of a great demon who would have restrained the witch-spirit of the Christian old lady which was tormenting a young woman whom they prought to the old lady's house and who was suffering from fever. And the heathen were indignant because I refused to entertain the charge against our Christian woman and did not do anything to secure her victim against her witchery. .

"People in this region are apparently more ready to listen than people in Siam. But to listen is one thing; to believe and accept another. The Lii tribe, whose capital is Chieng Rung are very loyal to those whom they love and 'good haters' of those who cross them unintentionally. And Satan has blinded their eyes for 10 many generations. Only the Holy Spirit can deliver them from the foul spirits. God has set before us an open door and there are· many adversaries."

'The last letter received from Dr. Dodd, dated Aug. 26, 1919, shows that he felt his work was drawing to a close and, like Paul of old, he spent much time in writing from the jungle prison. He challenges the Christian Church as he pleads for workers, in order that the gains already made may be consolidated. At the same time he characteristically planned for further enlargement of the field, for mOre stations, for permanent stations and for closer contact and cooperation with the missions of Yunnan. He believed that the best thing he could do in the remaining time was to put as much of Christian literature into form for use among the yet untouched millions of non-Buddhist Tai as possible. He put the Apostle's Creed and John 14: 1-7 into prose form and composed in rhyme a, form for a morning prayer and grace at meals. He also translated the Ten Commandments in full.

For the use of the China Inland Mission, the Pentecostal Missionary Union, the Christian and Missionary Alliance, and the Presbyterian Mission, Dr. Dodd felt a great need for literature to instruct the converts among the Tai of Yunnan, Kwangsi (and possibly Kweichow) and the non-Buddhist portions

@f the Tai in French territory. He was theJl the Olily n)all 111 the world who could create that literature. He kept up evening classes twice weekly, preached 011 Sabbath and directed the four evangelists during the week. But he felt that it was most important for him to stay as long as possible in the Chinese Tai field in order that he might do all he could toward that literature for the unr.eached millions of non-Buddhist 1'ai.

Dr. Dodd was an inveterate tom·er. Being anxious to reach as many of the Tai people as possible, he spent nearly half his time on the field in missionary work away from his home station. He did not like to use the word "field" with reference to the territory assigned to him, but always spoke of it as a "circle," and his efforts to expand this "circle" led him on and on.

By caravan and by crude native boats, by chair and by elephant, by horse and by mule and by bi- cycle and on foot, he covered much territory in the unknown jungle. Delays in reaching destinations were not a source of irritation to bim for when he was held back bv high water, by reports of robber~, or by sickness, he took the oppor- tunity to start work in the un- touched villages in which he rest- ed. One Sunday seven or eight men, strangers, came into the lit- tle church service that was being held in a jungle village. When the offering was taken they were passed by, but each rose in turn, came forward and with a native obeisance dropped in his coin. When questiolled why they as strangers and Buddhists should make an offering at a Christian A CHRISTIAN FAMILY IN CHIENG RAI service, the oldest of the party answered by opening a small par- cel and taking out several portions of Scriptures which had been given to him by Dr. Dodd on a journey two years before.

Dr. C. V.l. Mason wrote that on October 9, Dr Dodd showed signs of acute peritonitis and it was decided to perform a colostomy operation. This was done in order to give the patient some relief.

Be rallied from the operation but soon sufferpd a relapOle lilli.ld Ffais8i. aw'l:Y eti Oetober .la, 1919. BY REV. EDWIN M. POTEAT, D. D., BROOKLINE, MASS.

T HERE IS an interpretation of stewardship which lays the obligation upon all-non-Christian as well as Christian. If only one acknowledge God, life itself must be corrceived as a trust from Him. The other alternative is atheism; the. atheism which sees only self and selfish interests and which has held the field for .generations with its smug and comfortable dogmatism; "What's mine is my own, and I'll do what I please with it."

The argument in reply to this atheism of selfishness has ill recent years grown to gre-at volume and cogency, and it has carried conviction to wide circles and through high ranges of intelligence. The selfish capitalist is doubtless still with us, but he has seen a great light. Generally speaking he knows pe'rfectly well that wealth must serve society or society will confiscate it. Industry is a form of social service, not a device for private gain. The factory must help men; this is its primary function. To conceive it as a means of piling up dlvidends to be hoarded in miserly selfishness or to be squandered in enervating luxuries is to acknowledge that one is hopel,e'ssly behind the times.

The appeal rings through the halls of Legislation: "Public office is a public trust." It rings through Commerce; "The only justification of profits is service." It rings through Industry; "The surplus tor the Common Good." The struggles of the present hour are struggles incident to the rearrangement of our total life in conformity with these principles; they are the birth pangs of a new social order in which, when it arrives, the love' of money will be acknowledged to be a root of all kinds of evil, and in which the ambition to be rich will be displaced by the ambition to serve. Worth will no longer be cstimated in terms of money but in terms of helpfulness, as when a young woman said: "I would rather marry a man who was worth a million and didn't have a cent than to marry a man who had a million and wasn't worth a cent." All this is part of the social philosophy now .already widely current and sure to win its way everywhere. This appears to be what .Tohn Galsworthy means when he says: "Education is the most sacred concern, indeed the only 110pe of a nation." People of education .see that cooperation is necessary to sOQial order and well-being; that in a society as complicated as ours, dnpendent as it is on a vast machinery of cooperation, a spirit 113 of cooperation on the part of all is essential. As Henry Adams put it: "The world becomes daily a vast powder plant, a power house of stupendous forces wherein a few selfish fools may at any moment bring on irretrievable disaster." Invoking the aid of science, we'may organize what Henry M. Alden called a sociological millenium, a perfect ethical system of adjustments, so beautiful in its proportion as to counterfeit the effects of Grace, deceiving even the ,elect.

One is loath to point out the defects, the inevitable inefficiency of such a scheme. But at its best, it is only an educated selfishness which is enthroned over this artificially 'constructed commonwealth. The most enlightened self-interest is inadequate for the task of conceiying and building a permanent society, precisely for the reason that selfishness is not made unselfishness by being refined, Accordingly the best social order it can build waits only a supreme test, when, lo! its most loyal citizens will desert the state in concern for self, and then the delnge!

This does not mean that it is uS2'less to teach stewardship, the stewardship of life-with all its powers and resources-in the most general way. It is in every way important to say that all men are trustees on behalf of their fellows of whateV1e-r capacities they possess. The more generally this view of life is adoptRd the better. It will pflepare us for the revelation, already plain to many, that every program of social reconstruction waits for a certain kind of person; and it will open the way for a new proclamation of Ohristianity, whose main task and achievement is the reproduction of the Jesus type of man all round the globe.

THE REALM OF REDEMPTION Here we pass into a wholly new realm, the realm of the redeemed, the twice-born, the children of the Spirit. Indeed theSie two words may stand for the two realms-Enlightenment and Redemption. There is here no intimation that enlightenment is antithetic to redemption or that redemption is antithetic to enlightenment. But from the point of view of Ohristianity redemption is fundamental, primary; enlightenment is superficial, secondary. Gautama, Voltaire, Goethe ; Paul, Augustine, Bunyan-these two groups of names will serve to point the contrast, and they enable us to see the contention of Ohristianity that not education (a la Galsworthy) but the absolute salvation achieved for men by our Lord Jesus Ohrist is the only hope of the nation and of the world. It is this because it provides for and secures the type of person we now see we must have if society is not to dissolve in a ruck and welter of putrescent selfishness.

No one who knows the history of the vernacular schools in the

STEWARDSHIP AND REDEMPTION

Westl:'Tn world will Heed to be reminded that Christianity has been a nursing motht'r to t'ducation; 1l0l' will lleed to be told that there is no conflict between the truth of religion and the truth of science. It remains true that mell who have be'en saved by faith in the forgiveness of SillS through our Lord Jesus Christ, and who have acct'pted the will of God aR the law of their life-· ,"ven without the 'f"nlightenment of the schools-such men know the ultimate ,;wcret of unselfish service; and no matter what the provocation they always stop short of relwUioll agaillRt the will of God, and 1"0 also Rhort of tllP violatioll of the rights of others. Thus restraimd by grace from violenc(; against othprs, tlwy are cOllstraillf'd by grac(; to sprve others; and this is to the ends of the earth.

Christianity prt'dicates and produces this difference ill persons irrespective of all -otheT disciplines whatsoever. It bases its program on the saved man, in whom self-interest has been slain, but who is alive forevermore. Egoism crucified, he lives in Him who died and rose again. His heart trlEmbles and is enlarged with an immeasurable gratitude for this gift of new life, and what is impossible to the natural man-pure disinterestedness-is natural to him, now that Christ lives in him to renew, to energize, to din~ct.

At the Cross-the symbol of death- he passed out of death into life, and there learned the law of the new Kingdom of Love. Beyond that no further sacrifice is possible. The' giving of life is now the joy of life. Here ifl the explanation of a man like- David Livingstone, who protested that he had never made a sacrifice in his lif'e'. Lt. Dawson in "Out to Win" writes of the flpirit of the American soldier in :B'rarice: "When Olle has faced up to all ultimate self-denial, giving becomes a habit. One becomes eager to be allowed to give all, to keep none of life's small change. The fury of an ideal fevers us. We become fanatical to outdo onr own best rpcord in self-surrendpr. Many of us, if we are alive when peace is declared, will feel an uneasy reproach that perhaps we did not give pnough."

"Hereby know we love, because He laid down His life for us; and we ought to lay down our lives for the hrethren-" (I Jno 3 :16). ThE" logic of thifl appeal is irresistible for those who accept the first half of the proposition. Compare II Cor. 5: 16-21, where the Apostle Paul gToundfl hifl whole career on the recoll(;iling lov(~ of God in Christ, and conceives of hifl life as an ambassadorship on behalf of ChriRt to all the world. Purchased unto God in tht blood of Christ lit' if:! hound ill tliP sallie bUlH.lh' of life with his Redeemer; and the life that he now lins is not his but Christ's who liYes ill him-( Galatians 2: 19-20). Possessing Christ ill this way, he possesses all things in Him, all things except his very

SPlf; that is possessed by Christ-(I COl'. 3: 22, 23). He could say as his I-,ord had said in .Jno. 17: 10, "All mine are thine, and tlliIW are mine." And ill this ahounding riches his povmty was transmuted into infinite wealth-" as having nothing, yd possessing all things-" (II COl'. 6: 10).

STEWARDSHIP IN REDEMPTlON 'What hecomes of stewardship in such all illh'rpn'tatioll of rf'dl'mptionZ It is swallowed up ill a blessed partllerHhip aud comradeship of Hel'vice. "N0 longer do I call you Hel'Vants, because the servant knoweth not what his Lord doeth. But I have called you friends, for ull things that I have heard from my Father I have made known unto you-" (Jno. 15: 15). Here a trusteeship faithfully fulfilled paSi;1es through fellow~hip into a community and identity of interest in which all inferior relatiollships are transcended in a blesslEd oneness of life and love and lahor.

Accordingly, it is to the r,edeemed that stewardship, in the New Testament meaning of the word, is wholly congenial. They are ready; and they quickly acknowledge its sway in all their life. My life, my health, my intelligence, my character, my truth, my children, my time, my property,-all these have been redeemed ill the precious blood of Christ, and they aIle mine only as a trust from God, and are to be administered in His will for the benefit of every member of the race.

A SUMMARY What has been said may be summarized as follows: 1. SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY TEACHES STEWARDSHIl'· 2. ENLIGHTENMENT CAN NEVER GUARANTEE THAT MEN WILL WALK IN THE LIGHT.

3. THE lUND OF PEOPLE WHO MUST INSURE SOCIAL ORDER ARE PRODUCED BY CHRIST.

4. CHRISTIANS ALONE CAN BE RELIED ON AS TRUE STEWARDS OF THE GIFTS OF GOD, THAT IS, FOR DISINTERESTED SERVICE ON BEHALF OF ALL MEN.

Unless our conception of' stewardship is grounded 011 tlle fact of Redemption, it is built on sand, and we arc sure to see our house tumble about our heads wh0n the floods break 100Re!

"One more rn'ival is needed-the revival of Christian stewardship, the const:cration of the money power of 'the Church unto God."-HoRACE BUSHNELL.

"Vhen a man begins to amass wealth it is a question as to whether (;od is going to gain a fortune or lose a man."-J. CAMPBELL 'WHITE.

Missionary-~Outlook in

BY REV. JAMES S. GALE. SEOUL. KOREA T H1R'l'Y YEARS ago the outlook for Korea was unpropitious. The little nation was quite by herself, differing from China on the one hand and Japan on the other. She had drunk deeply of Confucian waters and was conservative to a degree. Still, in the old teachings of the East she had imbibed much that prepared her for the coming of the missionary. God was ruler over all; His voice sounded forth from the sacred hooks calling men to listen. "Honor thy parents;" "Cease to do ill, learn to do well." The customs and habits, the joys and sorrows of the men and women of the Bible, were found to be one with her ancient people. Scarcely yet have they learned to know Dante, Shakespeare, Napoleon; while Peter, James and John have walked with them arm in arm for a quarter of a century. It was indeed a famous victory, this invasion of the Bible. The people of KOl1ea who go to church are but a small fraction of those who have read and pondered over its sacred pages. As old Korea moved out of the 20th century B. C. into the 20th A. D. this Book of books, as on a journey to Emmaus, has been flashing its light into her wondering eyes.

But thirty long years have passed and much water has run under Korea's stone bridges. Instead of the backward look towards the anciJents, her men now look forward. Old ideas are gone and with them the spirits and dream lands of antiquity. Smallpox is no longer to be warded off by incantations, but to be stamped out by Dr. Jenner's vaccine. The individual has come to his own, with every man a king.

With this awakening, however, the Government has not kept pace, but has fallen on sad experiences. Korea remained a single undivided kingdom from 669 A. D. till August, 1910, twelve hundred and forty-one years. Only twice in all that time did ller ruling House change, once in 918, and again in 1392, and never did she have any internal wars as great as those of the Roses of England. Scholars and writers lived and flourished, an army of them, when our fathers had only Chaucf'r. In 1600 an assembly of as brilliant literati as the world has ever seen, gathered in Seoul, unconscious that on the other side of this little planet Shakespeare was writing Hamlet.

The works of Ollie great scholar crossed the path of the writer recently and he offered twenty-two yen ($11.00) for it, but a Japanese bought it over his head for forty-four. The JapaneRe fairly worship the literature of this little kingdom and long that they may write such lines as these.

117

Gn>at in Il'ttc,J'~, gn'at al"o waH "lie ill porcdaill, in paper, ill pl'int.illg, ill braHH and il'oU work-a highly gifted peoplE', uuioucht'll h~' the ouie!' world. Trur, she was uomiually under the suzerainty of China, but that was only a gentleman's agl'!E'e- ment between UIE' Imperial a1l(1 Royal Houses. The Chinese lHWE'r thought of illterfel'illg with Korea's internal affairs for all these fourteen hundred years.

In 1910 Korea's independellce was lost, not by conquest, but by half a dozen officials handing over the State to Japan. They were liberally pmsioned off and today E'ujoy the fruits of their lahors while the awakened prople brhold their land in bondage.

Still we must speak a word in behalf of .Japan. While balance of power ruled the world and Korea was free to coquette with Russia, the Tokyo Govemment saw in the peninsula to the W,est a constant menace to hE'r safety. At once she struck and made it fast by annexation. The misfortune really came about oy misgovernment on the part of Korea herself, by her misguided king and corrupt officials, but that makes the present distressing situation none the less bitter.

Korea and Japan find it impossible to live together in harmony, so different are they. The Japanese are worshippers of the Emperor and count him semi-divine. The KOl'!eans laugh at the idea, To them the only ruler who could ever claim divine right of kingship was the defunct Emperor of China. The Koreans, even the loW]est classes, are all more or less gentlemen imbued with the saving truths of Confucianism, while the lower class Japanese are closely allied to the naked South Sea Islanders.

The Korean guards his Pl2rson and his women-folk from the public eye with the most rigid exactitude. The Japanese on the other hand goes nude without any thou'ght of obscenity, and his men and women bathe together in a public bath with all th{' innocence of Botticelli's Eve. This to the Korean is the limit of indecency and renders him wholly incapable of ever understanding the Japanese point of view.

The Korean is a man of, the pen while Japan is a nation of warriors. Military officials in Korea have always been rated second class, while Japan is ruled hy the sword, and admires beyond measure the Hohenzollern with his clicking spurs.

The Japanese loves infinite detail while the Korean loathes it. Rules and regulation that require Ollie to prepare in triplicate details that run into rates of half a farthing are as natural to the Japanese as the goose-step to the German. Such exactness is an abomination to Korea, and when its system is put upon her by force it hecomes a straight-jacket impossible to endure.

Korea is Chinese at heart, and while Japan also received her civilization fmm China, f;he has been touched only. superficially and iOt still a peop1p from the islandOt of the sea.

Japan is dean and neat in many ways in which Korea is disorderly; the Japanese is hard-working while the Korean is a gentleman of leisure. The former is effusive in manner and makes much of ceremony, whiLe the latter is wholly undemonstrative and counts effusiveness as insincerity.

The prominence of the pro.stitute in Japan is shocking to Korea. When a candidate for Parliament can issue a manifesto as proof of his worth and fitness for office, stating that he is backed up by the lawyers of the town, by the rice merchants, and by the heads of the prostitutes' guilds, without giving any offense or calling forth any remarks, we can judge of the peculiar view Japan has as to the "strange woman." Korea's view of her is just what the American view is, or should be. From these illustrations it will be seen how difficult it is for Korea and Japan to walk together.

It is per£ectly true that Japan has given good roads, hygienic benefits, has brought order out of confusion, has made the desert to blossom as the rose; and yet J apaIl. has not begun to win the Korean. It begins to look as though she had on her handH an Ireland of nearly twenty millions of people, and no Ulster. Ireland has never had an undivided, independent kingdom, but Korea has had one for thirteen hundred years and knows what independence means. Today Japan sits upon the safety valve while the boilers beneath her crack from expansive pressure.

Consider missionary work under these conditions. Many sympathize with the Japanese in his fear of Christianity. He'I'e is a propaganda that brings the foreigner into intimate relation with the Korean, his life, his inner heart, his soul. The missionary ii'! in the land to comfort, to guide, to help onward and upward. How will this appeal to the Japanese who holds the sword that rules, who wants the Korean to be a loyal subject of the Mikado, hut cannot win him oved .At once he becomes sorely offended at Christianity which forms a link between the Korean and the foreigner such as the Japanese can never hope to forge. If Christianity must exist in Korea, the rulers would wish it to be of a Japanese type, whel'1e the worship of the Emperor and the worship of Christ go side by side.

The upper officials and Japanese of the better sort accept the situation and are willing in a kindly spirit to make the best of it, hoping that the missionary will aid them; but the lower offieials and the military have no such idea. To them Christianity is a nuisance and must be suppressed. This too has been the tone of the average newspaper since annexation.

The result of this conflict of ideas was the" agitation. The·

Cltuse .f it was the weariness and exasperation felt by the Korean !it all things Japanese. In the forefront of the agitation were many Christiamo. Ere March passed nearly all the llf>aders of the Church were locked up. Immediately the prison walls began to echo with singing, and the cell became a house of prayer. Judging from results orue might say that the prison outside the west gate of Seoul is the greatest reviyal center in the country, a true theological hall in fact. Many who enter in darkness come out believers in Christ. Here again the Japanese see Christianity persistently on the side of the offending Korean. They feel that since persuasion is of no avail and all public benefits done are regarded as nothing, there remains but the use of force, and so force in every conceivable way has been used. This only hardens the Korean in his determination to ride out the storm.

One result of the agitation in which Christianity is indinectly involved is that the whole Government has been changed. It is doubtful, however, whether this will bring any real respite. The Koreans will probably become a sullen, dogged nation, biding their time. Women too are active in the uprising as well as the men, noble lords as well as simple folk. Those who face the fury of it are he1'oes, be they Christian or otherwise. The women who thirty years ago were prisoners in their homes, unseen by outsiders, are now out in the open, sharing with husband and son the fortunes of the day. Women form the larger proportion of those in the Christian congregations, and remain our hope for the future. Today many of them are in prison and have been subjected to unspeakable insults at the hands of the police and gendarmes. Their courage has been a wonder.

Will the agitation cease1 We think not. The very efforts of the Japanese to instil patriotic ideas into the Korean students, that is ideas of loyalty toward Japan, is only firing his soul the hotter for his own country.

In order to show the missionary outlook more clearly we may summarize the situation under the following headings: 1. The thought of independence occupites the Korean's entire mental horizon. Can we get Christian truth home to the heart under these conditions? It is very difficult. There have been years when political fermentation had much to do with filling the churches but with very little result spiritually. The Korean is essentially a man of one thought. If it be a large thought it fully occupies his mind to the exclusion of all others. Accompanying present conditions, however, is the consciousness that God lives, that He is on the side of right, and if they but do the fair and honest part He will swing the fortunes of the day in their favor. They nave no fire-arms; they have always discountenanced violence. What is there left for them but prayer to God? Since, ill tho llIiml:-; of many, Chri"tianity may contribute something towards tllP dPKil'('d ('IH1, UH'Y will ta]{][· an illterPRt ill it and listPll.

~. The pn~s('lIt g'PIH'l'alioll of l:orpaJlK is no IOllger imbued with Ow old Confucian tenet" that protIJptpd their Hoarcll for ChriHtiall truth. School amI lIeWHpapl'r <U1d modern books all inclinp tlwm toward mat('l'ialislll ill which then~ is no God. The first joy of the Christian faith has worn off and the Koreans are out 011 an ullcharted sea, where the peering eye and questioning soul takes the place of old-fashiolled simple faith. In a word this is not as favorable a gelleration to work upon as the last.

3. The Japanese GoVel'lllellt, however courteous and just it may be-and the high officials have alway;.; been most courteous-'-will never view with favor the pre;.;ent Christian propaganda. While Ow)' may llot forbid it, they so easily throw out hints concerning advantagr, safety, SI"curity, and prosperity outside the Christian propaganda that mallY will conclude that the advantage i" on the' other side. In fact during recent years there has been a marked falling off of attendance at church on this account. If the Koreans are inclined to move along lines of least resistance we can see how a little police prpssure will have much to do with the size of a congregation.

4. The Korean estimate of the foreigner has changed. In old days Americans and Europ2aJis were sages in possession of the Book. Today we a're but ordinary W psterners, survivors of the great war, The real rule of the Church has passed from foreign hands and more and more missionaries recede into the place of quiet counsrlors. This is really good for the missionary as it throws him back on personal character and makes inner worth his chief asset.

5. The world has swung on illto a lIew cenner where everything is out of date, Christianity as well as civilization in general. ,( Cease to do what the· fathers did and strike out into something new. We of the new generation are the people. Let all old fogey notions go to the winds; eat, drink and be merry." rrhere is much of this madness in the air of East Asia today. "Who would think of sitting dOWll and droning over a worn-out hymn in Church~ Away with it!" Like the miasma of the "flu" this t:pirit more or less encircles the whole earth and takes in Korea also.

From this brief discussion it will be clear that we have a great task before us, the outlook being somewhat like what it was in days of trench warfare. A united effort, however, when denominational diftierences cease to hinder and denominational nnity increases, with the blessing of God will win and He will make His presence and power felt. May God guide us so that the days of faith and hope and love may not be lost to poor old Korea!

Reconstruction in West

BY EDWARD A. FORD, LAMBARENE, GABON, WEST AFRICA O N~j OF THE important mission fields, which the conquest of German colonies hy the Allies for a time left unoccupied, is the northern part of Kamerun, west Africa. Missionary work in this region was begun by English Bruptists in' 1843, and one of them, "Father" Saker, first reduced the Duala langauge to writing and began the translation of the Bible. A German naval force took possession of Kamerun in 1884, and in 1885 a conference of missionary societies, held at Bremen, appealed to the Basel Missionary Society to begin work in that country. This was done the following year.

The English Baptist missionaries turned over their buildings to the Basel Society, together with the care of those native Christians who were willing to accept the change. Later, German Baptists from America began a separate work, which was eventually taken over by a Baptist Society founded in Berlin. Before the war a third Society was preparing to enter the field.

The extent of the work appears from the following statistics of the two Societies, (Basel and Berlin) taken from their reports for 1911, and in ]914 the number of stations was considerably larger. In 1911 there were 17 stations, 308 out-stations, 112 missionaries, 287 native helpers, 211 churches and 6149 communicants, 193 schools and 11,057 pupils. There were two hospitals and four dispensaries. Roman Oatholic missions were. also established but had fewer missionancs.

When the French and English forces landed in Duala in September, 1914, the missionaries were taken away as prisoners and for over two years the eastern section of the field, comprising eleven stations of the Basel Mission, was left without a Protestant mISSIOnary. The Roman Catholic forces replaced their' German missionaries by French as soon as the French administration was established. The." Journal of Catholic Missions" did not hesitate to say that the French government intended thus to "do away with the foreign influence of the German and American missionaries in Kamerun."

The Paris Evangelical Missionary Society was also awake to the responsibility of shepherding these 6,000 Christians and of providing educational advantages for the 11,000 pupils, in order that those who wished to learn French need not be compelled to enter the Roman Catholic Schools. They sent a delegation, headed by Monsieur Allegret, who had been for many years a missionary 122 of the Ogowe. Landing at Duala in February, 1917, the deputation found the conditions so favorable that they concluded that their coming was" divinely arranged in every detaiL"

The Protestants had feared that under the French govern- ment they might not have liberty of worship, but were now re- assured. The native Christians had suffered much and "word had been spread through the towns that the Mission was dead, and that God's work was destroyed." Three native pastors of the Basel Mission, Ekolo, Kuo and Modi Din, had done nobly amidst the general collapse and had replied, "If Basel is dead, God is not dead!" Patiently and faithfully they toiled to conserve the work.

Along with the reorganization of the churches, ecclesiastically and financially, and the providing for placing and supporting catechists and for training others, there was the urgent need of immediately giving them and others a working knowledge of the French language. Two normal schools, each with 60 pupils, were opened on either bank of the river by the two other missionaries and in addition night classes were formed, which quickly had an enrolment of 250, comprising the choicest of the young men of the place. When a commission of the government made a preliminary examination of 80 out of the 120 pupils, they were amazed with lhe progress made in five months. .

M. Allegret itinerated in every direction, bringing comfort and assurance to the Christians of all the tribes, helping to gather and reconstruct the native churches, whether Basel or Baptist.

Everywhere there were fresh evidences of the Providence which brought them to the rescue of the work at the critical moment.

At Sakbanyeme, on the Sanaga river, nearly all the work was destroyed during the war. Here M. Allegret found a chief to whom it had been said: "The Basel Mission is finished. Now everyone at Duala is French and Catholic: you must all become Catholics."

He replied: "I am first going to send two of my sons to Duala to see how it is. i' These messengers brought him the news of the arrival of the Protestant missionaries.

An important feature of the situation has been the opportunity to meet and, to some extent, to forestall Islam in its southward march. More than a hundred miles to the north are the Bamoum, whose king or sultan is a man of remarkable character. The Basel missionaries had established a station on the outskirts of his territory, and had a number of converts from among the Bamoum; but they denounced him as having joined the conspiracy of King Manga Bell Duala to massacre all the Germans. During the war the Sultan has become hostile to Christianity, but notwith- standing this a number of Christians remained faithful, while those about them were turning Moslem.

M. Allegret waR ahle to stpm tll(' tide and had the satisfaction of reopening schools and im;talling teachers. To thll ('xhortation of the misRiollary after the communion servicp, showing thpm that they bore the respollsihility of the Kingdolll of God ill their country, these Christialls replipd: "1Ve were lost ill the bush, you cam(~ and we have emerged. You have made a garden, the corn is growing, do not let it die!"

Thus a barrier is established, feeble though it be, to stay the advance .of Islam, and not a day too soon. The Sultan, at the beginning of the war, proclaimed himself a Moslem in order to secure Moslem support. The Hausas helped him to regain his throne and his ministers are Moslems but the country as a whole is not. At Fumban and the two out-stations there were two hl).ndred children and youth in the schools, with a class of eleven men who wish to become catechists.

The Sultan of Bagaute, a very intelligent and open minded man, has asked for Christian teachers and agreed to build a chapel and a pulpit in the market place. Another catechist was placed with the Sultan of Bangalap, who also had begun building, and was well disposed toward the Evangelical Mission.

Thus the occupation of the country by a Protestant Christian Mission has been established, and another field reclaimed that had once been occupied by the Basel Mission, but from which the Christians had disappeared almost completely. Furthermore, the placing of the catechists prevented the establishment in one of the towns of a group of Hausas, aud another obstacle was opposed to the Moslem invasion.

Within a year after landing, the four missionaries of the commission had rescued and reorganized fifteen mission stations of the two Societies formerly at work, putting them practically on a self-supporting basis. America has had her part in this work of conservation, for it has been financed almost entirely by special gifts made to the Paris Society through Dr. John R. Matt. In this way it has not been a charge on the general budget, which the Christians of France are striving to meet nobly and with great self-sacrifice.

Alexander the Great had a famous, put poor, philosopher at court. Being pressed for money he made application for relief to his patron who, commissioned him to draw whatever cash he required from the treasury. The philosopher presented a request for £10,000. The treasurer refused to honor it until he consulted with his royal master, adding that the amount was exorbitant. Alexander replied, "Pay the money at once, the philosopher has do:;/e me a singular honor. By the largeness of his request he show the high idea he has conceived both of my wealth and munificence."

We honor God by believing what He says.

MACHINERV:—JAPANESE COOLIE WOMEN COALING

Japan.Working Out Her Problems BY REV. GEORGE W. FULTON, D. D., OSAKA, JAPAN Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

MOVEMENTS of the greatest importance, not only to the Orientals themselves but to m~lllkind at large, are rapidly going forward in the Orient, as those nations work out the problems affecting their relations with the world.

. Japan is the leader of the Orient, and that progressive people, under a stable government, have been inaugurating changes that are very significant. Having embarked on a career as a world power, the Japanese people are facing fundamental problems, which they are trying to work out.

1. THE PROBLEM OF DEMOORACY The early Japanese were essentially democratic. Later, militarism developed, flowered into feudalism, and became autocracy run wild. The restoration of the Emperor to his throne in 1868, and the abolition of feudalism. were the first Flteps toward a return to their original democracy. The llation had to be unified, organized and made fit for dmnocratic institutions. We know that the same patriots that overthrew the slIog-ullate and put the Emperor on his throne, also procured from their Emperor a national consti- 125

tution in 1889. The determination of the people to rule was evinced in the first parliament assembled in 1890, and the fight for this divine right has continued for twenty-eight years against a selfconstituted oligarchy, which grew up around the throne. and which threatened to perpetuate a form of autocracy. The battle has at last been won by the representatives of the people, and the fall of 1918 witnessed the installation of a cabinet responsible to a majority in the lower house of parliament. This significant event was scarcely noticed in the daily press of America, and yet it is of vast importance to the cause of democracy ill the world.

Mr. Hara, the present premier, is all untitled man, who has risen from the ranks of the common people, and who still identifies himself with them. The members of the cabinet, who share with the premier the responsibility fO'r ruling the country, are of tlw same democratic bent. Unless these representatives of the peopl~ fail in the performance of their task, the way"is now clear for the perpetuation in Japan of democratic institutions, such as have long' operated in Great Britain.

2. THE LABOR PROBLEM.

AfteT several centuries of feudalism, Japanese laborers were reduced to a condition of submission and subservience from which they are only now beginning to rebound. Twenty-five or thirty years ago labor organizations were attempted but their mismanagement caused their failure and, because of the evils and practical dangers connected with them, they were prohibited. Today .Japan has no labor organizations similar to those in America and Europe but strikes have been occurring with terrible frequency within the last tWf' or three years. In 1917 there was an average of more than me a day throughout the year. The rice riots of August, 191b, were of the nature of a demonstration of massed labor against the powers that be for permitting the markets to be manipulatE'(1 so as to cause the pricE' of rice to go soaring beyond HIe reach of the common peoplE'. The riots not only resulted in the destruction of several hundred thousand dollars worth of property in the leading cities of Japan but caused hy the Terauchi military cabinet to give place to a democratic, civil regime. This popular demonstration of spirit and power on the part of the labor masses has also wrought changes in public sentiment hitherto undreampil of in .rapan.

The "Friendly Society" for mutual aid, education, and general welfare of the laboring classes, is spreading- rapidly through the country, and is helping toward improving the conditions of labor as well as putting it on an' intellig-ent basis, This society has the moral support of mallY lE'ading bnsillE'ss men and statE'smen of Japan. Its leadE'r is a Christian man.

1'J20J JAPAN WORKING OUT HER PROBLEMS

THE INTERIOR OF A HOME IN THE SLUMS OF TOKYO The central government also has recently established within the Home Department, a "Bureau of Local Affairs" whose chief aim and purpose is to guard and improve the conditions of working people in the different localities. Some of the leading officials in this bureau are Christian men, who are endeavoring to apply Christian principles in the work under their charge.

For a number of years, a factory law has been in process of formation in parliament, and in 1916 was put into operation. Factory laborers in J apall are now numbered by the millions, and a a vast number of women and children are employed. Largely through Christian agitation, factory conditions had been exposed, and the situation called loudly for reform. The new law provides some relief, but it is confessedly inadequate, as there are so many loopholes of escape for unscrupulous employers and superintendents of labor.

However, the important thing is the recognition that labor problems exist, that their satisfactory solution is vital to the welfare of the nation, and that a good beginning has been made. N ow that the employees have a taste of the good things possible, and public opinion has begun to take notice, agitation is sure to cont.inue until satisfactory amelioration has taken placf'.

3. THE PROBLElI1 OF' Exc};ss POPULATION It i8 difficult for an AnlPrican to I'palize thf' congestion of population, and the living conditions in a country like Japan. There

are a little less than 150,000 square miles of territory, or about the size of the two Dakotas, and only one-seventh of the total is arable or habitable. Within those narrow bounds a population of approximately 58 millions are compelled to eke out an existence, since the doors of most western countries have been practically closed to Japanese immigration; while towards the East there is scant opportunity for expansion.

Twenty-seven hundred people cannot well subsist on a square mile of ground without intensifying somewhere. Since her territorial borders were not elastic, and her family was increasing at COOLIll WOMEN WORKING IN A LUMBER YARD IN JAPAN the rate of three-quarters of a million a year, Japan found it necessary to foster industrial enterprises in order to. enable her people to live.

The wonderful development of industry in Japan during the last two decades has not been me.rely a vain ambition, but has h'J0n a necessity. It was a matter of life or death for her rapidly increasing population. Her resources in soil and natural products were limited, but her resources in men and women were abundant. The intensive cultivatioll of thesp produced tIll' pl'espnt l'f'lIlarkabJe growth in the uumber and variety of factories, as wf'll as of ppopk "lorking in them.

In '1'okyo, 3,600 new factories sprang into existf'IlCe during 1917, and the rate of factory increase in that city for the last three

JAPAN WORKING OUT HER PROBLEMS

~'ears has approximai.Pfl two hnnrlred a month. III Osaka, the increase has bef'n equally as gTPat, or greater, ~whilf~ other cities have shown rPHult." HcarC!~Jy less st.rikillg. 1'11(',,(' factorif'H located ill or around the leading citirs of .Japan have been drawing the population away from the country districts in a drift estimated at 300.000 a year, s'o that already fa; inlands are beginning to feel its effects.

There can he no question that Japan's new industries have helped wonderfully toward the solution of tllP problem of her excess population, though how long this will prove effective is uncertain. The cost of living has more than doubled since the beginning of the war, according to govprnnwnt figures, and doubtless many of' the new enterprisE'S will suffer, following thp termination of the war. But there can be no question that the Japanese are henceforth to be reckoned an industrial people and are to have a large share in the world's husiness and commerce.

Moreover, it is desiI'l'lbl(' that their entry into this new sphere should be recognized as entirely legitimate. They should not be decried as usurpers, supplanters, nor should the bogey of the "yellow peril" be raised, inasmuch as they are simply working out the problem of national subsistence to which they have as good a right as any other people of the globe.

4. SOCIAL PROBLEMS The place of pre-pminf'nc(' among social problems in Japan just now belongs to the position of woman and her relation to the other sex. Advance in education and the example of the West have conspired to produce a dissatisfaction with the conditions forced upon womanhood by the tE'achings of Buddhism, reinforcpd by Confucianism, during a period of a thousand years or more. W ompn are not any longpr content to marry any husband ~ that may be picked out for them, to rewre him regardless of his moral qualities, and render an abject obedience to his slightest whim, without any recognition of her own rights and social claims. During the past decade, Japan has been floodfd with the light literature of Europe, particularly from Rm;sia, in which the problem of the relation of the sexes is given radical treatment. Ibsen's" Dolls' House" waR translated and almost universally r0ad, producing something like a furore in Japanese society. Very radical movements were initiated in some quartets, and the question of the new woman was the leading topic of discussion in papers and magazines. This agitation has moderatpd somewhat, but it has had its effect, and the movement for the emancipation of woman to a position of social equality, once started, will undoubtedly move forward to final realization. As is well known, Japan was slow to encourage higher educa-

tiOlJ 1'01' womell. Ii ww.; 01l]~' aftE'l' mi""joll I'choo]" had hef'1l l'uccf'sRfril1y carried on for a df'cRf]p or two that the Government finally was comp( HE'd to yipld to a unnaud more or less general for the establishing of girl's high schools throughout the country. There are now ;150 of these institutions with an enrolment of approximately 100,000 girls. Again, the mission schools are in the lead with collf'ge departments for women of two or three years, and recently a Union Ohristian Oollege, fully equipped, has been established in order to provide full college courses for the graduates of high schools. The remarkable initial success of· this college will. doubtless furnish an incentive for the government also to enter this field. The point is this higher education, and especially its Ohristian form, creates standards and ideals for women which cannot but revolutionize Japanese social life. An educated J apanese woman is fitted to become more than servant-in-chief of the man's household. She seeks the place of companion and helpmate. And fortunately the better class of Japanese men are beginning to sec the advantage of this new relation and to welcome it.

Also educated young people are chafing under the restraints which prohibit social mingling of. the sexes, and are calling for a freedom similar to that of the West. Doubtless the suggestion would he to let thEm have such freedom and not resist the demand which is according to nature and for the good of society. But social customs cannot change so rapidly, and it must be said that neit,her the young men nor the young women have aK yet been educated to the responsibilities of social intercourse. The young women have not reached that self-respect and strength of character which wonld enable them to protect themselves, and the y0ung men have not attained that self-control, that chivalry, which in all circumstances would qualify them as protectors of the opposite sex.

It is a fundamental prohlem of social life which is claiming insistent attention in Japan, and it is questionable whether it can safely he solved any more rapidly than Ohristianity can spread to provide the atmosphere and the sanctions under which social. intercourse between the sexes may unhesitatingly he encouraged.

5. THE RELIGIOUS PROBLEM Japan has heen gradually shifting from an atheistic position to one of recognition of religion as vital to the welfare of her people. On the one hand there is evidence of pessimism among the educated youth, leading frequently to suicide; on the other hand there is excess and riotous living, linked with dishonest and shameful practices among the people at large. These have awakened widespread fear that the foundations of their national life were being undermined, and a conviction that religion must he encouraged and cultivated as a pra~tical necessity. The conference of representa"

1')20] JAPAN WORKING OUT HER

tin'H of Buddhism, Rhiuto and Christianity, cOllvokl'd hy the govc:>rnmc:>11t a few y(>arH ago, a1ld urg'C?d to c:>xert t hprnt;f'h~f'H to the uttermost for the social and moral wC?Hare of society, marked a distinct change of front all the part of the government towards religion.

Shinto's answer has bC?pn an attE'mpt to persuade schools, from primary upward, to escort the pupils to shrines of famous heroes, to lwnr an~w the story of their illustrious deE'ds and to n:ake tlwir obeisances to the spirits of the departed.

Buddhism's answer has been a campaign for the establishing of Sunday-schools, in imitation of those conducted by Christians~ with the result that the temples over the country presem the new spectacle of groups of children assembling for singing, memorizing Buddhist texts, receiving reward cards and listening to talks from the priests concerning ancient Buddhist heroes'.

Christianity has answered not only by renewed effort along ordinary lines of work, but by inaugurating and carrying through a stupendous program of evangelism calculated to reach the whole country with the gospel message in some form. This national evangelistic campaign, a union effort of all denominations and extending over a period of four years, has heen a ulliquedemonstration, not only of the unity but of the power of Christianity in Japan. It stirred the churches. It awakened widespread interest among non-Christians. It gave the impulse of new life to thousands of men and women who had been in seart'h of the rea) rC'ligion for mankind.

In recent years, the non-Christian religions in Japan have been awakened to new exertion to save themselves from collapse and ruin, but Christianity has not wavered in its onward march toward final victory.

The Japanese realize their religiouR problem as one of many which they. are working out, and the most thoughtful are keen enough to see that its sOlUti011 rests with Christianity, toward which the drift is markt'd from every sidt' of their life.

"ONLY THROUGH ME"

By JOHN OXF,NHAM "Only through Me can come the great awakening! Wrong cannot right the wrongs that Vrong hath done; Only through Me. all other gods forsaking, Can ye attain the heights that must be won.

Oniy through Me shall Victory be sounded; Only through Me can Right wield righteous sword; Only through Me shall Peace be surely founded; Only through Me! * * * Then hid Me to the Board!"

A German Plea for German

"WHAT WILL HOLD us FAST TO-DAY TO FOREIGN MISSIONS?"

Translated from a letter issned by the German Missionary Society, Berlin T HIS question certainly arises from the souls of many. It sounds as if there were nothing more to impel us to continue after the conclusion of peace to offer gifts, prayers, work, and love to missions among pagans and Mohammedans. And many will even say that there is nothing more. That is chlefly due, however, to the fact that today there are even more incorrect views in currency concerning foreign missions than in the period before the war. One often hears the question today: "Is there still any German missionary work? Have not all missionaries bE'E'n driven out by the Englishf Why do we continue to go to the aid of the heathen now that we no longer have any German colonies 1 Shall we still work in behalf of the blacks after they fought so savagely and so wildly against us in the English and French armies f Have we now, when our enemies are trying to draw the last farthing from our pockets, money left for foreign races? Have we still any right to bring' the Gospel to the heathen when our own people is often enough conducting itself as though it were heathen1"

In such questions many errors lie concealed. Those who do not wish to cling capriciously to preconceived opinions, however, but who wish to see the truth, we can convince, we believe, that there is much to say to hold 'Us still to German missions and that God's will more clearly today, and even really beginning only from, today, demands that we think with 1tndiminished loyalty of the heathen.

1'. It is not true that German mission fields represent only a great waste. Missions in the Dutch colonial empire, or, in other words, a sixth part of the former German Protestant missions, have been practically untouchrd by the war. In wonderful revival movements God has richly blessed in several of these fields of labor, particularly on the island of Nias, the work of German miR- Rions even during the years of war. Furthermore, in the former German colonies of the South Seas the majority of the German missionaries still remain successfully engaged in their activities. The Boer Republic, both in German Southwest Africa and in South Africa, allowed the German missionaries, for the greater part, to continue their work. Neither Japan nor Ohina has expelled German missionaries. In Rpite of the peace trea,ty, in spite of the attempt of the English to deal a death blow to German missionary work in all parts of the world, the Berlin Mission has thus a well 132 founded hope that it will be able to continue its work in South Africa and, of still 1nm'eintportance, among the fmtr hundred millions of the Chinese.

2. To be sure, there is at the present time no longer any German colonial mission. Germany has indeed been robbed of all her colonies, but were we friends ~f missions only on account of the colonies f The first German colonies were won in 1884. The birth of German missions, however, dates back more than a century. Our Berlin .Mission has been sending its emissaries of the Gospel out among the heathen since 1834. Then the will of our Saviour sufficed to make missions a duty and a joy to believing Christians. Is th(~ command of the Lord, "go into all the world," "proclaim Ole Gospel to all creatures," not to continue to have rorce today? If German Christians should ceasp to carryon missions because of the lost colonies, they would have to become subject to the reproach that they had carried on missions, not for the sake of God, but in order to bring their colonies to a flourishing condition, or. in other words, out of a motive of selfishness, refined though it might be. No, even now lpt us show that we have still remained disciples of the Lord who gave His life for all mankind, and children of God who wills that all men be helped. Only so much the purer and more bea7~tiful will our missiotlary work become when the appearance of national selfishness cannot be ascribed to it.

3. But have the rae-es out there deserved it of us ~ Have not many of our dead fallen on the battle-fields, victims of the knives of inhuman blacks 1 'Well, and even if this were true, we should exercise that Christian revenge which has so often given to missions the consecration of a true work of God. The Christian churches of Samoa, in time gone by, avenged the murder of their missionaries on the New Hebrides by sending out constantly new missionaries until the murderers and cannibals had hecome Christians. Should not German Christians be able to exercise such magnanimity in the spirit of Christf BeRides that, however, the war has not seen the blacks on the Ride of our enemies alone. Among the bravest deeds of German troops in this war was the heroic fight of the little band in German East Africa under Lettow-Vorbeck. But for the unparalleled loyalty with which the black sol· diers stuck to their German leaders and to the German Empire they would never have been able to hold out until the armistice against the ten-fold superior forces of their enemies. Do we German CMistians want to be less true than these blacks? Or who was it who protected our missional'ies in China against being driven out of their stations and heing spnt back home ~ It was the Chinese, heathen as well as Christian, who by a storm of indignation compelled their Government to def('at the will of England and to allow the German missionaries, already assembled in the

harbor cities for embarkation, to return again to their fields of work. Can we ever forget thi8 of the Chine8e? They declared that the German missionaries were thpir friends and had given unsplfish aid. Shall this judgmmt latpr be brought to shame through the indifferpnc{' alld the littlp faith of thp Christians in the homeland r 4. Primarily, how{'vpr, WP are held to missious hy the loyally of the Christian boliie8 brought together hy our missionarif's. In German East Africa, in South Africa, ill Kiaochow, and in the Province of Canton, they haVf~ givPll our miRsionarips countless proofs of their loyalty, tllPiJ' confidence, their resppct, and their love. Tpachen; and pn'achers have oftpn carried on thpir work with half their meager salaries, oJ', indeed, without auy remunera- tion, instead of looking ahout for oth('1" better paid positionR. The churches have increased their free-will offf rings in order to make up for the falling off of gifts from Germany. In public service and in the closets the prayers of our black and of our yellow Chris- tians during the war have mounted up to God for us. If only WI'

could thank them all without exception! If we could only re- assemble our far-scattered churches in German }<jast Africa! But if that should be forbidden us, one thing is certain, our missionary work has stood the test of fire. In the homeland we have to weather the storm against the Church and religion, but on th(~ mission fields God shows us that the GOSl)Pl is still a vital force and that our Church has brought forth living issue in the churches on the mission field. Do we want to destroy this same comfort and this means of strengthpning of our faith by replying to thp faith and confidence of our black and of our Yellow brethren with lack of faith and with indifferE'l1cef· .

5. Missions, of course, cost money, and mOllPY will soon be scarce enough ill Gprmany. But as YE't it is not. And is the work which we do in God 's caus(~ tIw first which must feel the pinch of povert~'? So 10llg as the crowds go to tIlE' cinE'ma and the theater, and so long as we have mOlley Pllough left foJ' thousands of hobbiE'S, GE'rman Christians cannot say with a good conscience that it is our poverty which prevpnts. our making any offering to missiolls. What we formerly gave to missions we gave in most cases out of our ahundance. OftenE'r than formerly our missionary gifts will now have to represpnt real sacrifice. 'Will they really have less value in God's eyes for that rpason1 Love is resourceful. If we give up missions, we do it, honestly, not fundamentally from lack of money hut from lack of love.

6. Must love really cross land and sea in ordpr to find sufferings to alleviate! (h: to filld ullhelipw'rs who llPpd the Gospel? We have, to be sure, at the presel1t time l1E'E'd E'nough at home, and the worst need of all arises from the fact that our own people

1')20) A GERMAN PLEA FOl{ GERMAN MISSIONS 13S

know the Gospel so little. That iR all very tnH'. Our nation must again become a Christian nation or we are lost. Our nation needs the Gospel as urgently as it needs daily hread. But who can bring it to thpm but Christians who themselves possess a living faith 1 But there is no 70tlller any livinrJ faith where the clear will of 0111' S(u}iour is not relJardt'd,. where there is denial of his world-embracing love; when] one tUrJIS indifferently aw·ay from the need of the foreign nations with their millions of souls. God has in many places blessed the work of our German missionaries and with it the love of missions of Christians in the homeland, even during the war, beyond our .prayers and beyond our understanding'; and should our gratitude for this be shown in withdrawal of the daily bread from this work? God helped the Christians of the black and of th(, yellow race:'; to perform their miracle of loyalty, and should there revprberate to them from the Christians of the homeland in return for this an echo of disloyalty? God has thwarted in many ways the counsel of our enemies so that the English have not been able to eradicate German missions everywhere in their world dominion; and we should be showing little faith if in allSWfr to this we had only to ask if German missions were not at all nld. No, here is a question of doing one thing and not omitting another: We must with all our forces strive to the end that in our nation the Gospel should again become a power; but at th(~ samp time we must show that for us God's name, God's kingdom, and God's will really extend over all. And therefore we must I'pmain active and self-sacrificing friends of missions.

These are the causes, in a word, that hold us to foreign missions; the lO1)e and loyalty which echo to 11S from Africa and China, the blessing and the protection of God which we are experiencing, the wish to show our own people the vital to/'ce of the Gospel, the need of thl'- heathen, and the holy will of our God which remains ever the same, on whose aid we rely for ourselves, for our missionary work, and for our fatherland.

THE CENTENARY OF MEDICAL MISSIONS In 1820 Rev. John Scudder, M. D., began his work as a medical missionary in Ceylon. Fifty years later Clara Swain, M. D., went to India to begin medical work for women and children. The Committee of Reference and Counsel of the Foreign Missions Conference of North America has appointed a special committee of one hundred to arrange .a suitable celebration of the one hundredth anniversary of the establishment of Medical Missions. The celebration will be educational. and the printed program will include valuable historical material arranged by Mrs. Caroline Atwater Mason; an interview with Dr. C. H. Patton who has iust returned c. trom the Orient; a dramatic presentation entitled "The Doctor Dilemma,"

by Mrs. E. Cronk; and an appeal to young men and women by Mrs. Helen Barrett Montgomery. (Write to Mr. F. P. Turner, 25 Madison Ave., New York.)

"A Foreign Devil of The Second Degree"

A Picture of Chinese heathenism as it really 18 BY REV. CHARLES E. SCOTT Author of "China from Within"

A gift from America enabled me not long ago to open a girl's primary school in a certain mountain village. That village had never seen a school, either for boys or girls. One of our Girls' High School graduates was sent there to teach. Being vastly beyond any of the villagers in education, not to speak of the gulf that separ<'tcd her from them as a Christian, her intelligence and attractiveness. along with her modesty, speedily won the hearts of some of the. women, and made the village men take note that a girl could attain such heigh~s.

Among those who came to see her was a young woman, an only child, whose mother died soon afterward. Her father was a headman of the village, a rough, coarse, brutal fellow, who blamed the death of the mother on the ill-luck that resulted from the daugh- ter having any intercourse with a Christian teacher. They call a Chinese Christian disciple of a missionary a "foreign devil of the second degree." The daughter was charmed with such a Christian teacher and found her sympathetic and loving in her sorrow as no one else could be. .

The girl began to learn of Jesus, the Rest Giver, and learned that there was a better way than the time-honored heathen custom of betrothing a baby girl to a baby boy. From babyhood, she had been betrothed to a country boor, whom she had never seen, and who had become an idiot through his ljnbridled excesses. An engagement is as binding among the Chinese as a marriage with Americans, and the time was fast approaching for her to wed. Practically everybody in China marries. An unmarried woman! Vhoever heard of such a strange and disgraced creature! But the girl had been absorbing ideas from her teacher friend. The teacher did not tell her not to wed; but tbe Gospel wbich promotes true liberty began to work in her soul. She realized that tbe living deatb to wbicb she was bound was unnatural, outrageous; and what little of the Gospel she had absorbed caused her nature to rebel and gave her will strength to resist the demand of custom. She told her father that she would not marry the young man. In a rage, he beat her and then in disappointment and anger went off and got drunk. He came back and abused her more, taunted her with unfiliality and laid her new and unexpected stubbornness to the "foreign devil" religion. He blamed her mother's death on her turning away from the good old customs of the ancestors to listen to the foreign religion. There is no law in China to curb such a parent's brutal authority.

Disgraced beyond measure in the eyes of all, the girl awoke in the night from her stupor of. pain; she soaked Japanese match heads in water and drank the poison. The result was another woman's heart broken by heathenism; another life sacrificed to the Moloch of "llonorable custom"; another one of the myriads of inarticulate women sufferers strangled by the heartless system in . which they are enmeshed. A little gleam of the Gospel she had, but too late, and not enough. Whose fault? This is another of the multitudinous cases referred to in Ezekiel 6 :33.

136

Woman's Foreign Mission

Edited by MRS. WM. H. FARMER, Montclair, N. J.

A NEW WAY FOR A NEW DAY up to the tasks there must be a THE EDITOR'S MItSSAGt a" League of Churches as well a THE Interchurch World Move- League of Nations. Cooperation is in the air. The gem' us f th e I n- ~~icmh eint.t is a product of the age in has been born. Although 0 terchurch World Movement is ~Ito IS an mcorporated body, it is not found in the weaving together of much an organization as an f?rces with an emphasis and effi- Ideal, an emphasis, a way and an clency never before realized.

atmosphere in which to carry out It will furnish what Tyler Denthe program of Jesus Christ. It nett calls "a new definition of what h.as come out of the great tribula- the Church can do." In the past tlOn of war. It seeks to capitalize some of the experience of the war there has often been a waste of c£- for the Kingdom of Love. It faces fort, both spiritual and cmooapteerraiatl~ because churches did not an over-organized world, in need in America even as much as on of bold reconstruction, suffering from a starvation that is mental the foreign mission field. All of and. spiritual as well as physical. tthhe~msa were doing many things of Vlewmg the critical situation in me character, such as devel- opmg intercession and miSSIOn every country, many have asked study, furnishing literature and whether the Church had no solu- publicity, making surveys of fields tion for the problems. Christian- at home and abroad, and raising ity h~s the message-who will make It known? Is the voice of money' through special drives; but they had no plan for unified and Protestantism strong enough to be cooperative effort, such as achieved heard above the swirl of the rapids e.x!raordinary .success in the pub- in which humanity is caught? Not hClty and drives of the various unless it be a unanimous, consen- war relief funds.

tient voice. Years ago Dr. John To centralize all this denomina- R. Mott said, "An unconvinced tional activity within the space of world is the price we are paying a year would have seemed frankly for our divided. Protestantism." impossible before the war. But the There are more than a billion people in the world (two-thirds of church world is wiser to-day than it was five years ago. Leaders of the population of the earth) to all communions have endorsed the whom the truths of Christianity have not yet been brought home. Interchurch idea from the first We stand, and with difficulty presentation of its aim and scope.

Scores of organizations have offi- maintain our balance in a flood of cially approved. Training confer- ~r<?blems-industrial, political, rehgIOUS. Men, women, and children ences have been held, and soon a are all affected. No class is ex- great series of campaigns and con- ventions will reach states, counties, empt, no country, no race. and local churches with definite We face tasks immeasurably plans.

greater than the task of the war. Much depends upon the exten- The Church and its agencies may make this day more glorious in sive surveys of home and foreign opportunity than any preceding mission fields. The basis will be epoch. But in order to measure geographical, not toecicnlcelsuiadsetictahl~ and, in endeavoring 137

whole body of facts there will be number of workers on the field, presented an entirely new study of and other details could be easily the present situation. worked out."

The total budget to be raised in Within eleven months Dr. Vance the campaign of April, 1920 will of the Southern Presbyterian be computed after these needs have Board had called to New York been tabulated and presented to the the representatives of home and General Committee in January, foreign mission boards to pray and 1920. All the funds contributed, plan for an Interchurch World except a small percentage (prob- Movement.

ably under 5 per cent) taken for That. was in December, 1918; overhead expense, will be admin· the following month saw rapid istered by the cooperating boards. development. Vanous conferences, The running expense is being met councils, federations, boards and now by extension of credit offered other groups heard of the idea, by some of the missionary boards, learned the name, and endorsed the banks requiring neither casn both. The general committee of nor collateral, for, they say, "The 150 and the executive committee Church is the best credit in the of 21 members, of which Dr. John.

world." R. Matt is chairman, held meet- A Bit of History ings, chose temporary headquar- ters, and began the selection of a The genesis of the Interchurch staff.

ideal cannot be discovered. It Would you like a glimpse of the was enshrined in the prayers of many departments? The task of making until the war made united drives a survey of world needs, with all seem both practical and spiritual. the necessary maps, graphs, pic- The first public utterance was tures, lantern slides, statistics, reprobably the answer to. th~ ques- search, publicity and literature re- tion "How can we mamtam, de- quires a carefully chosen and well velop and direct the new measure organized personnel, and much of beneficence which has come to persistent development of respon- the front in the war?" This was sibility among clergy, laymen and at the Garden City Conference, women for intercession, life serv- January, 1918. ice and stewardship. Stirring all Mr. James M. Speers said, church members into a burning de- "There must be a far larger meas- sire to evangelize the world would ure of cooperation among the de- justify the existence of the Inter- nominations than ever before if we church World Movement even if expect people to give liberally. there were to be no financial cam- We shall get all the money we paign. But to find the needed funds need for foreign missions when a ill April, 1920, will call for tremen- united Church presents its united dous promulgation through campaigns appeal. * * * Why should we not in all parts of the country to be inassign to Montclair, for example, stituted by the field department, where I live, and to every other whose offices are on the twelfth floor town and city in the country its of 222 Fourth Avenue, New York.

portion of that budget and hav:C On the sixth floor of the same the Christian men and women of building are the publicity and. liter- each community, without regard to ature departments. Other branches their denominational affiliations, of work are in the Greenhut Build- undertake to raise their quota? ing, New York, while the executive The money thus raised could be force and personnel division are at apportioned to each organization 111 Fifth Avenue. When all the cooperating in accordance with the varied forms of activity can be

WOMANS FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

housed under one roof much time Personal research on home and and effort will be spared, and the foreign fields. Important depremarkable effectiveness of the utations have already gone to steps taken thus far will be bettpr the Orient, women traveling at their own expense, and inappreciated. vestigating the interests of women and children in seven Relating the Wowen commissions on- And what of the part women Primary and secondary euucamay play? Are they factors and tion for girls.. coefficients? Instead of a separate "woman's department" we have Collegiate education. in the Interchurch World Move- Religious education and evangelment a "department of women's activities." This is a distinction ism. and a difference. As a policy, it Social service. recognizes the remarkable achieve- Christian literature. ments of the past fifty years of Medical work for women in Chiwoman's organized work for home and foreign missions, provides for na and India. their conservation and develop- Problems in administration. ment, and hopes to make the advance of all Protestant woman's II. Spiritual Resources. boards more effective than ever. Women already form one-third of At the same time it declares that the list of special in tercessors, the day for the segregation of and are helping give this imporwomen is pa.st and gone, that a tant emphasis to all the activiwoman's ability should be recog- ties of the Movement. Volunnized as that of a church member teers are being sought for state without regard to sex. This pol- and county directors of spiritual icy offers a great field for initia- resources. tive and should result in mobilizing the largest possible number of III. Industrial Relations. those whose sympathies have not yet been roused to meet the needs Women are serving in this deof the womanhood of the world. partment in research and serv- It also calls upon women to co- ice. They are helping to shape operate with men without sacri- a program that shall bring ficing individual opinion upon the Christian principles to bear a altar of superselfconsciousness. significant part in settling so- In this new era we should be able cial unrest, in bringing justice to march together, as we did in to women and children who war activities. are the greatest sufferers in war and its aftermath, and in The Interchurch World Move- educating church members to ment aims not so much to set up adopt the program of Jesus new machinery as to furnish a Christ in national and intergreat belt by which many impor- national justice and good will. tant and well oiled wheels in var- Valuable correspondence coursious places may be geared on for es will be offered about J angreater efficiency and production. uary 1.

To interpret in concrete terms IV. "Life Service and Stewardship. with reference to some of the departments and divisions of the There can be no sex line in these movement it means: departments, for women are 1. Surveys as regards work for being challenged to-day quite .as much as men to give them- women. selves and their property to Kingdom tasks. The success of "Rainbow recruiting" in many cities has proved the

valtie of that bit of womanly teer service near their own homes. Before that date the Budget of needs initiative. to be presented in the financial Cam- paign will be closed, and the Board V. Missionary Education. of Review will hold its first meeting since the World Survey Conference. In this field women have made There are no adjectives strong important contributions both enough to convey adequately the quality of enthusiasm and faith evi- at home and abroad. Such an denced in that Atlantic City gather- ing. It will go down in history as expansion of mission study an epoch-making event. With many it wil! mark the passage from distrust might be assured as would stir to confidence, from narrow views to broad, from separation to cordial all Protestantism to meet ade- cooperation.

quately every need presented The Interchurch World Movement does not intend to commission any in the surveys. It cannot suc- missionaries or to dispense any mis- sionary funds. Such duties will still ceed unless a large volunteer be in the hands of the boards. Organic union or the doing away with de- force of women who have a nominational lines, is not being con- sidered. It is a line-up and a forward genius for teaching and organc march of Prdtestant evangelical churches, in which each communion izing can be mobilized. In the maintains its own banners, traditions and responsibility, but in a spirit of paucity of hospitals, nurses, united prayer and study, cooperative effort and sympathy, take pride in doctors, school faciHties, means the success of all, and .honors with unified devotion and adoration its of self-support and self-expres- one Lord and Master Jesus Christ. sion in the lands of pagan Send to.

faiths can be found a strong Women's Activities Department, Interchurch World Movement, 111 appeal to women of America Fifth Avenue, New York City for free literature on Stewardship. that justice may be granted- 1. February Stewardship Period. a fair chance given-to all 2. A True Story of a Live-Wire Read- ing Contest. women everywhere. 3. A Catechism of Christian Steward- ship by Ralph S. Cushman. Plans are now underway subject to the approval of the Federation and the Council that should result in the organization of many more local Fed- erations for women, an effective education in Stewardship principles through reading contests on the topic in churches of all denominations, and a great series of Conferences for women ill' which the entire program and message of the Interchurch World Movement may be presented by women trained to speak on the subject. .

The County Conferences (3000 in number) will call for 700 women speakers who should devote two weeks after February 16th to volun-

FROM MANY

CHINA made good is worth more than ten good men made better." Princeton Center in Peking Gradually the whole prison atmos- SEVERAL American colleges have phere has changed. Dormitaries planted centers of _Christian in- have taken the place of cells, a lec- fluence which have cultivated a sym- ture hall has been built, and definite pathetic understanding between the work is provided for the men, on countries they bring together. One which they receive a percentage of the of the most active of these is the profits. One man has, since his re· Princeton University Center in Pe- lease, found employment with the king, which is organized under the Yangtse Engineering Company; and Y. M. C. A., with Bible'discussion sent a letter to his prison associates, groups, classes in economics, business urging them to heed what the mis· methods and foreign language; and sionaries teach, since 'it has the power especial stress laid upon evangelism. – to change lives as proved by himself. Much interest has developed in prison work, and prison conditions have been Results from an Industrial Experiment greatly modified. In one of the large prisons is a chapel, in which the pul- THE Jenshow Industrial School of pit is surmounted by pictures of the West China is in the center of five religious leaders who have exerted the la-rgest influence on the an agricultural section compnsmg Chinese,-Confucius, M 0 ham m e d, Buddha, Laotse and Christ. Priests nearly 5000 square miles, and has of all five preached on successive days, but gradually the first four been blazing a new trail in the religions fell into disuse, and an open field was left for the teaching of Christian development of West Christ. .China. When it was found four A summer conference is conducted in North China at an old temple of years ago that twenty-five of the "the sleeping Buddha," now become the temple of the living Christ, and thirty-two boys who had completed many have been won to lives of Christian service there. the lower grade were unable to con- A Prison Transformed tinue in school unless some scheme WORK for Chinese prisoners III could be evolved to supplement their H wangpei Hsien is carried on jointly by the London Missionary funds, and therefore would be lost to Society and the American Church Mission, each being responsible for Christian -influences, it was decided one visit a week. Beginning with individual talks, and tract distribu- to challenge the time-honored prejution, the work has now expanded to include teaching organized classes, dice of the Chinese scholar against and regulaT preaching. The Magishate, although not a Christian, is in manual labor, and to introduce farm hearty accord, and shares the work work as a self-help opportunity for by giving occasional lectures. He is of the opinion that "one bad man the boys. Further opportunity has been offered by the introduction of certain types of industrial work, such as weaving, wood-carving and some manufacturing.

As a result of this experiment, out of twenty-nine graduates fifteen have professed faith in Christ, having en- tered the school non-Christian, and all but five have entered work under Christian auspices. Two only have so far been impervious to Christian :nfluence. Chinese Recorder.

Work of a Chinese Woman Doctor ABOUT twenty years ago a Chi- nese woman doctor went with a 141

foreign missionary to a large interior outline the objects of the series town to attend a patient. While there which were: she was stoned and driven into a 1st-that these Jews might band house for refuge. This incident so themselves together into an organiza- impressed her with the need for tion, so that they might not be ut- Christian work in that heathen center terly absorbed by the Chinese round that a few years later she came, with about them, and lose their identity one nurse and no financial backing, as Jews; 2nd-that they might hear to start work there. the wonderful history of their fore- What are some of the results after fathers, that it might stimulate them a few years of service? She has the to hope in the purposes of God, and finest property and hospital in her that they might determine to con- Mission in Central China, and not stantly bear in mind how God dealt only that but the land was given to with their own people; 3rd-that her almost entirely by the people of they might understand the foundation the city, and she has a yearly grant truths of the Jewish religion which from them as well. When the local for centuries had been witnessed to Red Cross Hospital gets a cut-throat by their fathers here in Kaifeng, and case from the police c:;ourt which' that they might return to the One they dare not tackle, they send it True God of their ancestors, and to over and in a short time the patient His Word; 4th-that they might has recovered. know something of the great move- When a woman in the country ment Zion-ward that is taking place over forty Ii distant cuts her throat today, and that in this return of in most ghastly fashion, the doctor is Israel, some of these "from the sent for, and arrives on the sixth land of Sinim" might have their al- day with her nurses, after braving a lotted place; 5th-that they might winter sleet, in order to succour the know that Jesus Christ was a Jew, sufferer. Not only does the doctor and that He came to save the world.

go farty Ii into the country, but she has been known to go over four hun- The Missionary Touches SDk Industry A dred and fifty li, and patients come NOVEL means of spreading the Gospel was employed in South to her from a radius of over nine hundred ii. China, where an association has been This Christian hospital furnishes formed for the improvement of the an example of what a mere handful silk industry. The first aim of the of Chinese Christian women can do Association is to rid the country of for their community. diseased silk worms-a serious un- Chinese Recorder. dertaking. The Chinese are natur- ally suspicious of being duped, and Attempt to Reorganize Chinese Jews are wary of new methods. This is I N MAY, 1919, the Rev. J. H. where the missionary's chance comes Blackstone, with a band of work- in, for the Chinese know the Church ers, held a series of meetings in con- is there for no other reason than to nection with the Kaifeng Church of help them. Accordingly, the mis- the Canadian Anglican Mission for sionary pastor posts advertisements the Chinese Jews of Kaifeng, with a of the new method, and Rev. E. C.

view to bringing them back to a reali- Howe writes that recently he made a zation of their position as a part of trip, carrying with him 120,000 silk the "chosen people" of God. Most worm eggs which had been micro- of the Jews, it was found, have scopically examined, and found that dropped all Jewish customs, being he could create an interest in follow- practically idolators. ing instructions, where business men The first meeting served to intro- could not get a hearing. Those who duce the Jews to each other, and to bought the healthy eggs were so

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

elated over results that immediate re- and one Bible woman. A one-doc- quests ~ame in to the Association for for hospital means: 1, that the doctor more-what the Society desired, but has to do all the administrative work could not bring about. to the detriment of his- missionary and professional work: -2, that the The Coolie Women Left Behind doctor has no time for personal work along Christian lines: 3, that the W HEN the Chinese coolie trans- patients will not get the scientific portation to France began, some treatment that his medical ideals tell misgivings were felt by missiona:ries him they should have: 4, that hos- as to how their work would be af- pitals are closed when the doctor is fected. Time proved, however, that at annual council, medical confer- instead of being a hindrance the ence, or on furlough: 5, that some movement served to bring Chinese doctors give up vacation and annual women, left behind, nearer to the meeting to keep institutions open in missionaries. In the personal work the summer months, when the popu- following tent services, often the first lation is depending so much on the point of contact was the fact that hospital for help. Dr. Martin hopes a husband or son had joined the that the Forward Movement or the Labor Battalion. Interchurch World Movement will make possible an addition to the "This is the fi'rst time I have heard staff. the Christian doctrine," one would say, "but I have a husband who has JAPAN. CHOSEN gone to your country, so I thought I would like to come and hear your Parable of the Seed Illustrated teaching." MR. YI KAI 0, of the village of The women were told how their Unmooruni, Korea, was, about absent ones were hearing the same five years ago, the reluctant host of Gospel, and that they ought to learn a Bible colporteur, who succeeded in it so that when they returned they leaving a copy of the Gospel. For might be Christians together. four years the book remained un- noticed, then suddenly the desire to MissIon Hospital in Manchuria study it became a passion with Mr. Yi. His son was despatched to the THE St. Andrew's Hospital of the nearest town where a "Jesus Canadian Mission, Manchuria, preacher" lived, with orders to found its In-Patient Depa'rtment bring him home. Here the Bible taxed to its utmost last March as a teacher was received with the utmost result of the Korean independence respect, and remained several days, demonstrations. Dr. S. H. Martin, explaining the Way of Life. the Superintendent, in his report of six months' work, says that of the Mr. Yi was anxious to know how patients who were discharged cured to worship God as he ought, how to all returned home Christians. The pray, how to induct others into the men came in with terror-stricken faces fellowship, and many other sundry and left with smiling countenances, questions had to be answered. He and the light in their eyes revealed had seen sacrifices to spirits of moun- the new hope that had come to them tain and sky; he had seen the wor~ in Christ. More than half the dead ship of SO'rcerer, but how to worship died non-Christian, yet their friends the true and living God was his chief all asked to have the Christian burial concern, for he had never seen a service for them. Christian church. Arrangements were made for regular visits of a The great handicap is the lack of circuit preacher, and today there is a adequate hospital staff. At present church of fifteen members, with a there are two Korean surgical assist- congregation increased to fifty or _ants, one druggist, one preacher and secretary combined, two pupil nurses,

more when the missionary goes to large number of smaller congregathe village~ tions gathered, a few ministers and other Christian workers discovered Industrial Help for K~rean8 and fitted for a life of Christian serv- ice, a still larger number 9f isolated To TEACH industrial methods and scattered Christian brothers won; among the poorer Christians of and a Christian public sentiment has Southern Korea the Australian Pres- been fostered. byterian Mission employs a man who organizes cooperative societies. One Christian Commnnlty at Pompira especially successful experiment has been to purchase machines for rope TWO or three Christian families of making and lend these to Christian Sapporo, an island of Japan, people in various places. Once hav- united with three or four more famiing learned to operate them, they lies from Japan proper and pushed soon earn enough to support them- into the remote, and undeveloped selves and pay for their machines. region of Pompira, where they drove It follows also that the churches are their stakes in the forest and founded enabled to cancel debt. new homes. Among the company of pioneers was a young man who had Country Evangelism been a Bible student in Sapporo. No sooner had the little colony JAPAN delights in expositions, his- formed in Pompira than this young torical or industrial, and such an man .began to organize the children occasion provides an opportunity to into Sunday-school. A year or so carryon an active campaign of evan- later a church was founded and a gelism among the visitors. A tent meeting house built. All this was is pitched in a convenient location. accomplished without a pastor-in Volunteer workers are always pres- fact they have had no minister except ent to welcome, to serve tea, to check a theological student in vacation. parcels for the day, to advise or entertain, to answer inquiries of every Japanese Christian Laymen sort. Room for rest and reading is provided in the cool tent. Each af- ONE of the hopeful indications ternoon hymn singing, crisp preach- that Japan will some day measing, liberal tract distribution and ad- ure up to the idealism of the new vertising are the oTder-hard work era is the fact that Christian busibut far-reaching. ness and professional men are taking the lead in important undertakings. A special literature is produced for Mr. Suzuki, the Gompers of Japan. the country evangelist-up-to-date, is a Christian, and is the head of a for even in the country in Japan, new Society numbering 30,000 working things are sought afteT. A loaning men. He was technical advisor to library reaches the rural districts by the Japanese delegates at the Paris post,-books of Christian biography, Labor Congress. The Japanese chief expositions of the Sermon on the engineer cooperating with the Ameri- Mount and autobiographical sketches can engineer in charge of operating of well known Japanese who have the Siberian Railways is an earnest found the Way of Life. Growing outspoken Christian gentleman. The out of this distribution of literature efforts of such men supplement the is a little monthly of four to eight direct preaching of the Gospel, and pages, "The Northe'rn Brotherhood," have a vital influence in interpreting whose columns answer questions, the spirit of Christianity; and beand record the experiences of the in- cause of the prominence and ability quirers. of these Christian leaders, the news- papers are eager to give filII publicity· By the use of all these methods, to their activities. Thus the 'rural five churches have been planted, a

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

districts are impressed, and en- In view of the fact of the great movecouraged to attempt reforms in their ments against the use of intoxicants in own communities. various countries of the world, the Gen- eral Assembly of the SOl1th India United Impressions of an American In Japan Church, in meeting assembled, requests the Government of India to place such DR. CORNELIUS H. PATTON, restrictions upon the importation, manu- Home Secretary of the American facture and sale of intoxicants as will Board, who visited Korea, China and lead to the total prohibition of the traffic. Japan in 1919 to gather material for Interchurch World Movement sur- The South India United Church veys, found heathenism a staring reality everywhere in Japan; and this has nea:ly 200,000 members, and repin spite of her modern educational system, with a high degree of literary resentatIVes came to this meeting of and scientific learning among her the Assembly from aU parts of Madras Presidency, Mysore, Travan- core and Ceylon.

Dnyanodaya.

A people. The word heathen is sup- Problems Revealed by Eddy Meetings posed to be taboo in cultivated, beau- HINDU leader said to an Indian tiful Japan, one of the five great Christian not long ago: powers, but the denunciatory Psalms which inveigh against idolatry might "Christianity has conquered China apply there with startling vividness. and Japan, but these are only In Tokyo, Dr. Patton witnessed two primary schools; India is a college temple processions. In one of them and here you must do much mare to the god, of hideous form, was being conquer." carried on a platform by a company Rev. H. A. Popley, in summarizof sake-filled youth, who transported ing the lessons which emerged from the deitv from side to side of the Dr. Sherwood Eddy's tour of India street, aiternately lifting it up and in ~919! says in the first place that down and all the time yelling like IndIa will never be won by giving to demons. At Kobe there is a Shinto evangelism only a little spare time shrine devoted to the rice god, now and then. In many places it was found cthhautrcnheimtheemr bmerissshioadnatriiems~ guarded by two foxes; a very popu- pastors nor lar deity, where worshipers are to be found at all hours, pilgrims, farmers, for definite, personal evangelistic and especially the rice merchants of work. A second impression was the 'he city, who seek the favor of the need for continuous, follow-up god in their transactions of the day, work; a campaign covering several and go through their rigmarole with years, and not merely a few months. Third, the value of evangelism in great assiduity. But Dr. Patton is convinced that promoting union was made clear. this is not the Japan which is to be. The first Conference on Unity of In- Two great movements are sweeping dian pastors was held in connection across the land, and the people of with Dr. Eddy's campaign in Tran- Japan are discovering their close re- quebar. Another need revealed in lationship., They are Democracy and' the campaign was that of outstand- Christianity, and they are taking pos- ing Indian workers, whose word carries authority. Such a one was session of the Japanese mind. Mr. N. V. Tilak, who died since the IXDIA series of meetings. . Resolution on Prohibition A L T a meeting held at Calicut in Oc- Commission on Village Education tober, the South India United c;hurch .passed the following resolu- E~DING missionary organiza- tions of Great Britain and tIOn whIch was communicated to the America have appointed a Commis- Government of India through the sion to look into and report upon the Government of Madras: problem of village education fnr In-

dia, and all branches of work for de- ion in regard to the establishment in pressed and backward classes. The India of a Central "Language School central purpose of the Commission is for Missionaries. It was pointed to advise concerning the best means out that the average efficiency of misby which a truly strong Christian sionaries as regards language is be- Church may be established in India, low what it ought to be, and that and made a power for good in that the general knowledge of the people, country. This will carry the inquiry religions, government, etc., of India, beyond questions of curricula and which a missionary needs to begin school management, and will lead to his life work, is usually acquired only a study of political changes and after many. years of service. Betheir probable bearing upon econom- cause o.f the enormous expense of ic, social, moral and spiritual life. properly equipping a dozen or more Plans will be built, as far as prac- language schools throughout India, ticable, upon work already done, and the advantage of one central School every effort made to cultivate sym- is obvious. pathetic understanding with Indian Christians. A Christian Steward Members of the Commission in- MR. E. W. FRITCHLEY of Bom-' clude among others Rev. Alex. bay was, as a boy, poor, un- Fraser, Principal Trinity College, schooled and handicapped socially, being an Eurasian. But under the Ceylon, Prof. D. J. Fleming, for- influence of Bishop William Taylor he gave his life to Christ; and with merly of Forman College, Lahore; an income amounting to $20 a month the Bishop of Dornakal; K. T. Paul, he set apart a tenth, saying: General Secretary of the Y. M. C. A. "Lord, if Thou wilt bless and help for India and Ceylon and Rev. J. H. me, I will give Thee a tenth of all I make; later I will give a fifth; and Maclean of the United Free Church later I'll give Thee everything I earn Mission. to, help build the Kingdom."

Social Work for Factory Employees He is now one of the leading architects of India. Splendid build- I NDIA is falling in line by organiz- ings in that city and in many parts ing social work for factory em- of India bear the marks of his rare ployees. A large shoe manufactur- skill. In all his life and business he ing concern at Cawnpore has agreed recognizes he is first a steward of the to station a missionary and his wife Lord, and has been untiring in planin the factory to ameliorate the con- ning buildings, holding conventions, dition of their 4000 workers. Cawn- distributing tracts, fighting the liquor pore is one of India's largest manu- traffic, encouraging worthy undertakfacturing centers, and practically all ings and even serving the Church the employee class are illiterate. often as lay preacher. The splendid They need to be taught to keep flies building for the Poona Orphanage, off the babies' faces, to find amuse- costing $25,000, and a new church ment in something more exalted than at Kalyan are results of his energy, the nautch and to send their children generosity and Christian consecrato school at least a few hours a day. tion. One advantage is in the fact that 900 of Cawnpore's working class are Iiv- Record of Christian Work. in'g in a model self-governing village adjacent to the city, where it is vastly easier to begin work.

Need for Central Language School Race Lines Disregarded THE American Presbyterian Mis- FOR a world in bondage to race sion in India in May, 1919, sent prejudice, here is an example of a circular letter to other Missions in mutual confidence. The University. India inviting an expression of opin- of Cambridge Mission at Delhi has

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

made an Indian Christian the Prin'- about it. One of the wives could cipal of the Mission College, and the not rest until her husband joined her English missionaries, all of whom are in her new found joy, and by prayer graduates of Cambridge University, and persuasion led him to Christ.

serve under him, The Mission Then the Hindu leaders became school with its 800 Hindu and Mo- greatly stirred. They gathered the hammedan boys and large staff of Bibles of the women and burned teachers is now under purely native them, beating the women and forcing supervision, save in matters in which them to sign a letter to the Bishop English and Indian alike a:re bound stating that they were no longer to submit to the Mission Council. Christians, and asking him to take An atmosphere of mutual helpfulness their names from the church roll.

has resulted. But a little later the women man- aged to get a letter to the Bishop, Preaching in the Telugn Area telling him that the former letter THE America:n Baptist Mission in had been signed under compulsion, India supports a group of twelve a:nd no attention was to be paid to native itinerant preachers, who, in it; that they still loved and followed 1918 pitched camp in 31 different the Saviour. The Indian Witness. centers, visited 194 villages, and in addition made four long tours aver- SIAM AND THE LAOS aging ninety miles each. A Siamese Missiona.t'Y Society These twelve- men, in addition to their primary education, have been THE first foreign missionary sotrained four years in the Ramapatam ciety in South Siam was or- Bible School. In preaching, they use ganized at Petchaburi last July with illustrations very close to common ten women present. As they have life, as the following will show: studied about their sisters in Africa, India, Chosen and Japan they have "The house-fly differs wholly from begun to realize what women can do the honey bee. The one frequents in the way ,of teaching others. filthy places, the other loves the fragrance of rose and jasmine; the one A Woman's Training School was takes for its food decayed life, the held in June and continued through other the sap from life's bloom; the July, at which a course was given on the Gospel of John. The women one eats and dies, the other lays up in attendance were especially interstore for others. Those whose na- ested in memorizing Gospel songs. tures are unchanged are like the fly; those that are reborn become in na- The White Elephant.

ture like the honey bee. Salutary Discipline Record of Christian Work. THE official court circular, issued from the palace of the King of INAn Incident of South India Siam, is worthy of emulation by a village of South India the edu- other governments. This circular is . cated high caste women became in- published daily in the English newsterested in Christ, and fearing that papers of Bangkok, and not infretheir husbands might not consent to quently the frank announcement aptheir being baptized, fifty of them pears that a titled official had been decided to be baptized and tell their dismissed fO'r laziness, or that a husbands afterwards. On hearing of royal page was discharged for faulty this, the men met together to decide morals. what they should do. After consultation, in which they stated that they The Gospel by Way of Med1icine W found their wives just as they were ITH eighty per cent of the Malaysian population suffering before, except more loving, kind and gentle, they decided to say nothing from some form of disease, the short-

est route by which to lead them to Assyrians and Chaldeans back to Christianity is by way of the hospital. their own homes. The Peace Con- Ten new hospitals are accordingly ference refused to take this matter provided in the Centenary program up, as all internal affairs were to be fOT this island world, one to be at decided by the individual countries. Singapore, the strategic point where Through the influence of a mission- East meets West, and the other nine ary, the sister of the present religious distributed about the islands which head of the Assyrian people has gone make up Malaysia. to London to try to get help. The . . Wherever the hospitals are lo- Assyrians are looking to England. cated on Dutch territory, the Dutch A British consul has been appointed Government is paying three-fourths to Urumia for the first time. Thouof the cost of building operations, sands of refugees have not yet been prov.iding for equipment, upkeep and able to return to their homes, those the salaTies of one American doctor having done so finding them empty and a nurse. In addition, the native or destroyed. Although $50,000 a tonverts are themselves raising large month is being sent for relief work sums. among these people, many thousands more are needed to take care of the Christian Advocate. Christians who cannot be sent back to their own countries. Village for Lepers The Presbyterian. THE village for lepers at Chieng Mai, Siam, is named for Mary A Missionary in Bonds L. Stoner, a Pennsylvania woman, whose gift made possible the erec- MR. ARCHIBALD FORDER, a tion of ten cottages as a nucleus for missionary to the Arabs in Palthe institution. Soon after this be- estine for many years, and author of ginning had been made a man in "With Arabs in Tent and Town," Chieng Mai provided the money for suffered long captivity under the three more cottages. Then a well- Turks, but has finally been able to known physician in Bangkok gave reach England. Soon after Turkey's another, and a Siamese Christian fol- declaration of war, Mr. Forder, who lowed in the list with a gift of was living in Jerusalem, was imenough money for another cottage. prisoned in a stable, and confined There are fifteen in all. Interest in four months without trial, or even the endeavor has spread widely, and any intimation of the charge against the viceroy has already told Dr. Mc- him. He was then transferred to Kean that he too wishes to erect a Damascus, to be court-martialed. building, and that he will also ask His trial, conducted in Arabic, lasted two friends of his each to put up a two and a half hours, and each time cottage. All the leper people occupy- he answered a question he was ing the houses, about 215, are Chris- bluntly called a liar. At the close of _ tians. the trial he was offered his freedom upon payment of £200. Being un- MOSLEM LANDS able to do this, he was dispatched to the criminal prison and a few days Persia StU! Chaotic later informed that he was to die. For seven months he was in daily WITH the exception of a small expectation of this fate, and no com- area on the eastern front, Per- munication with -the outside world sia is still in chaos. Massacres have was allowed him. At length the begun anew since the armistice was death sentence was revoked and three signed, and there is not a single years in a dungeon substituted, and Christian in Urumia at present. Be- for the next nine months he lived tween six and eight hundred went underground, with 150 others. Mr. from Urumia to Tabriz. So far, no plans have been made to bring the

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Forder's next change was to a cell present eight converts from Islam at with thirty others, where he barely work.

existed until he was able to smuggle Zionist Plans Delayed a note to Jemal Pasha, asking for justice, and in due course a discharge ON THE second anniversary of was obtained. But although he was the day on which the British at liberty, the Turkish police so har- Government declared in favor of the assed him by night and day that he establishment of Palestine as a nafinally begged the officials to take tional home for the Jews, the Zionists him again into prison. At last Da- issued a manifesto stating that the- time has not yet come when they calli mascus· fell into the hands of the begin their work, because of the strain. British, and Mr. Forder's sufferings which the sufferings of war has put ended. His wife had meantime died upon the patience and endurance of from cholera, and little of his heme the Jewish race. Their claims have was left. For some· weeks he as– meanwhile been confirmed by other sisted in relief work and after his governments, and the Zionists hope restoration to health he plans to re- that it will be a matter of <lnly a few turn to Palestine. months before concrete promises can Medical Missions in Egypt be realized.

DR. F. O. LASBREY of the C. M. Scottish Memorial in Jernsaleln S. Medical Mission in Cairo read a paper at the Medical Mission- I N GRATEFUL remembrance of ary Conference held in Cairo some Scotland's sons who gave their months ago, in which he explained lives for the liberation of the Holy the paramount importance of medical Land from the Turk, a memorial in work in Mohammedan lands, par- Jer-usalem is planned. It will be ticularly Egypt, as compared with erected jointly by the Church of other foreign fields. Other regions, Scotland and the United Free Church such as western China, are more in of Scotland and will take the fornl need of medical aid, for the Egyptian of an Institute for Biblical Research government maintains a dispensary and a Presbyterian Church. It will ·in every market town, with one or be called The Scots' Kirk and Col– lege in Jerusalem. more well appointed hospitals in every province. While there exists AFRICA in many parts of Africa a de- Work for Tunisian Jewry I sire for social uplift and an open- N a recent number of the Journal des Missions Evangeliques, pubminded spirit of inquiry; and in China an excessive curiosity to hear lished in Paris, is an account of the the foreign teachers' doctrine, in Society's work for Jews in Tunis.

Egypt the reverse is true. To the This work comprises a Book Depot, Mohammedan, it is unthinkable that a Boys' School and a Girls' School.

anything could be lacking in the re- David Amar, a Hebrew Christian, is ligion of their prophet, or his moral in charge of the Book Depot. Lo- code. Medical help, therefore, opens cated in a busy section of the Jewish doors for evangelistic work which quarter, the book shop arrests at- would otherwise remain closed, and tention with its window display of it is the in-patient and itinerant de- Hebrew and French Bibles. Many partments to which the workers pin Jews frequent the place to ask ques- their faith. – Two or three weeks of tions or start an argument. Mr.

daily contact bring results, and the Omar also journeys to the interior ex-patient are particularly accessible towns, often encountering sharp op- when the itinerating doctor follows position, but not infrequently he is them up. aided in the Scripture distribution Old Cairo Medical Mission has at by the rabbis themselves.

The Boys' School has an attend- the trouble to come from America ance of about one hundred; while the to put it out in Kamerun.

Girls' school numbers one hundred When he commenced to use his in- and twenty. The subjects taught are struments, they wanted to know if he the same as in government schools, was looking at God's town on the but in addition, emphasis is laid upon sun. What did God's town look Bible study. One hundred selected like, what did God look like, whom texts, which have the "three R's" did he see, what good did it do to (Ruin, Repentance, Redemption) for look anyway, could he see the road their theme, are a part of the re- to heaven, was it hot in heaven be- quirements. Meetings for women cause it was hot on the sun?

and a free dispensary are held in connection with the Girls' School. Africans' Need of Organized IndustrT S 'rhus in a variety of ways, the GospelO IMPORTANT in character building does the American Presis 'penetrating the homes of Tunisian Jewry. byterian Mission at Luebo, Belgian Frencb Protestant Mission to Basutos Congo, regard steady and regular work, that a man is refused church "DRING the recent visit to Eng- membership if he does not cultivate land of a group of Basuto chiefs, a garden of his own, following the a meeting was held in London on be- Scripture rule: "If any man provide half of the Societe des Missions not for his own and especially for Evangeliques de Paris in Basutoland. those of his own house, he hath de- The resident Commissioner of Basu- nied the faith and is worse than an toland was present, and gave cordial infidel."

testimony to the influence of the mis- However, the requirements of sion from an administrative point of Christian natives are vastly greater view, and highly commended the edu- than those of the raw heathen, whose cational work. Rev. M. Mabille, one wants do not include houses, clothes, of the missionaries, reported that the books or postage stamps j and the native church has a present member- majority find it a problem to make ship of 40,000, and that the con- ends meet. Since agriculture alone tributions last year amounted to cannot be depended upon to support £7,000. Although the Mission is the rapidly growing population, it French, it has not taught the people seems reasonable that the natives that language, but all the work has should develop along manufacturing been conducted in English; and both lines, and missionary forces are hop- missionaries and natives are thor- ing that some industrial corp0Tation oughly loyal to the British regime. may be formed and operated as a Life o-f Faith. Christian business enterprise, safe- guarding the natives from exploita- Men of Science in Bululand tion by financial pirates.

ON MAY 29, 1919, at Metet, Kamerun District, West Africa, EUROPE there was witnessed a total eclipse of Temperance Edu('ation in England U the sun. It was in the afternoon. NDER the war-time restrictions of the liquor control board the All the boys ran to their houses, locked the doors and went to bed. number of convictions for drunken- Some were sure they would die if out ness fell from 183,828 in 1914 to of doors. An observer for the Car- 29,075 in 1918. As soon as the re- negie Institute came to take notes on strictions were modified the figures the sun's location, and the inclination leaped forward again, e. g., in Eng- of its rays. The natives called him land and Wales there were three "the man who put the sun out," and times as many convictions in Sep- were puzzled to know why he took tember, 1919, a.II in the same month

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

of 1918; and in Scotland the in- in London in November and Decemcrease was fivefold. The national ber, under the chairmanship of Mr. drink bill has risen to £400,000,000. J. H. Oldham; one group meeting to The Wesleyan Methodist Church is putting on fresh energy for the task confer on China, another on Africa of preparing Wesleyans to do a large aild a third on India. Attendance share in the work of reform. It is was limited to missionaries on fursending out an appeal "( 1) To teach lough from the respective countries, the principles of total abstinence to and the discussions centered around the children; (2) To work for a the effect of constitutional changes 'total abstinence' Church: enroll upon missionary work, together with every Methodist in the Abstainers' the relation of the Church at home League, and, (3) To help in a great and missions. campaign for a sober Britain." The appeal is being printed as a full page Irish Evangelization Society display advertisement in the Methodist papers. AN OLD and honored society, the Irish Evangelization Society, Christian Advocate. which has worked successfully in Ireland for many years, is about to Christian Power House in Paris take on new life. After prayerful consideration, it has been mutually STRONG support is being given agreed to start a Northern branch of the plan to put the American the Society j while the Dublin com- Church iIi Paris in a position to min- mittee has carried on a part of the ister more effectively to the perma- work of other days in the center and nent and transient population of South of Ireland, the Northern com- Paris in the critical years just ahead. mittee is to concentrate on Ulster. Not only have Americans pledged generous support: French Protestants The Society has taken offices at 61 are so keenly interested in the project Royal Avenue, Belfast. that many are giving out of limited resources. An expenditure of $1,- George Muller Orphanage 000,000 is contemplated for a new church edifice, parish building and THE eightieth report of the George pastor's home, to be strategically lo- Muller Orphan Homes is a tricated only a block from the Champs umphant record. The total receipts Elysees. The plans include also the for the past year are larger than ever erection' of a great social service before. After all needs have been building, costing perhaps $500,000, met, a balance of £6,000 remains. in the Latin Quarter close to the residences of thousands of American There are day-schools, eight enstudents, of whom 4,000 are already tirely supported or assisted by the enrolled at the forbonne, with the Orphanage, in this country as well as probability that several thousand in Italy, Spain and British Guiana; more will soon resort to Paris for thirteen Sunday-schools have been architectural and musical studies. helped; Bibles, Testaments, and This building is to contain living Scripture portions have been sold or quarters which may be occupied by given away, and tracts and books in young women just arriving from various languages have been freely America until they can establish distributed. themselves permanently. During the past year 1,467 little Conferences of lIfissionaries ones have been cared for, educated, and brought under the influence of A SERIES of interesting and help- Gospel teaching. Seventy-one boys ful missionary conferences were and sevel ty-ei~ht girls have been adheld at the Church Missionary House mitted during the year, at ages vary- ing from seven months old and up- wards j and sixty-nine have left, fitted to earn their own living.

An Appeal· for Prayer its educational department and the students of the Commercial School.

THE National Committee of the Its Sunday afternoon meetings are Italian Student Federation issues well attended, where messages of an appeal for sympathy and prayers. vital educational, moral and religious The General Secretary is now trav- worth are presented. It has a Life eling through Italy, with a view to Study Club _of 28 young men, who reestablishing work disturbed by the study from week to week economic war. Intercession is asked especially and sociological problems from the for the instituting of student homes Christian standpoint, and an Inner in Italy; for the success of the bu- Circle group of about 20 men who reau for foreign students in Naples are gradually coming to exert a pow- and Florence, established with a view erft>l influence on the whole spirit of to facilitating for these foreign the Association movement in Mexico students life in a foreign country and City. Membership in this Inner Cir- offering them help, sympathy and cle group in"olves the making of the familiar surroundings; for a greater following public declaration: interest on the part of students in "I accept Jesus Christ as my Lord social activities; for the raising up of and Saviour, according to the Holy a special literature of the movement, Scriptures, and desire to be His almost entirely lacking in Italy; and disciple in my doctrine and in my life for women students, that they may and to unite my efforts with the become associated with the movement other members of the Triangle Club in the right spirit of consecration. for the extension of His Kingdom among young men.

LATIN AMERICA "I hereby pledge that I will abstain· Seminary Opens in Porto Rico from the use of intoxicating liquors THE Evangelical Seminary of of any kind as a beverage. Porto Rico, representing seven "I pledge myself to respect at all denominations, opened its doors at times the innocence and .purity of Rio Piedras last fall, with twentY7 womanhood and to abstain from all four students in attendance. The habits and associations which in any course offered by the new institution way violate these virtues.

includes the essentials of a regular "In order to hold true to the ideals seminary course, with provisions for of the Young Men's Christian Asso- those who can take only a partial ciation I shall seek to understand the course. Friendly relations have been teachings of Christ bv reading and established with the nearby Univer- studying the Bible and by communi- sitv of Porto Rico, and arrangements cating with Him in prayer.

made by which students can secure "Recognizing the fact that Christ the B. A. degree from the university came to minister and not to be min- and the diploma from the Seminary istered unto, I will endeavor to serve in six years. Dr. J. A. McAllister my fellows in His spirit whenever the opportunity presents itself." is head of the institution.

Mexico City AssoCiation Work Mexico Suffers From Volcanic Distur- NOT only has the Y. M. C. A. in Aba11iCC Mexico City assumed a place of SERIES of violent earthquakes leadership in physical education, but and volcanic eruptions began in it has come to be known as the one Mexico on January third and conout-standing organization that is do- tinued for more than a week. The ing constructive work for young men city of Jalapa, half way between along moral and religious lines. It Vera Cruz and Mexico City, reports has a membership at present of over fifty dead and more than 200 in- 1,700, including the young men in jured. At this place, the Presbyter-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

ian Church and Mission House were vides that the corps "shall be adentirely destroyed by one of the ministered by a staff of three chapearthquakes. Rev. Charles Petran, lains fairly representing the religious treasurer of the Mission, reports that forces of the country." the contents of both buildings were being saivaged. No resident mis- The bill further provides that chapsionary is at present in J apala. San lains shall be appointed in the pro- Joaquin, a village of 3000 inhabitants portion of one to each 1,200 commisin the Jalapa district, was wiped out sioned officers and enlisted men, deby a fresh earthquake on January 13. fines their rank, pay and allowances from colonel down to first lieutenant, Several towns in the state of and restricts the commissioning of Puebla' were entirely destroyed, but chaplains to those under thirty-five the Methodist Board of Foreign years of age. Missions which has charge of that field has had word that none of their The South Awakening property in Puebla has been damaged. THE campaign which Julius Rosen- Institutional Work in Yucatan wald of the Sears-Roebuck Company, Chicago, is backing has PRESBYTERIAN work was be- already resulted in the erection of gun in Merida, Yucatan, in 1915, 609 new schoolhouses for Negroes in and has grown steadily in spite of the rural South. The Negroes themdisturbed political conditions. A selves raise a portion of the 'amount' definite work for men, students, busi- needed and Mr. Rosenwald donates ness and professional men, was soon the rest. The money is gathered in found to be imperative, but scant community meetings in which nearly funds made only a limited equipment every family of the neighborhood is possible. English classes, enrolling present. Pledges are made in cash, over 100 students helped support labor or material. the work; friends donated furniture and books, and a piano was loaned. Educational authorities of the A physical culture club for boys South manifest, a changed front in was added. One man after another the matter of Negro education, as has expressed his appreCiation of the evidenced in North C:lTolina, where help he has received, spiritually and the Department of Education promorally, and particularly of the poses to provide a good high school higher and more generous outlook in every county for Negro boys and on life he has been taught and the girls; South Carolina has approhigher ideals set before him. Prac- priated $74,000 for a -o!ared agricultically every one remarks: "Unless tural College and Louisiana the funds you have had to live without these for a new state normal school for things, you cannot comprehend what colored youth. These advances promthis place means to. us." Many of ise to have a bearing upon the misthe regular frequenters have formed sionary educational problems of the habit of attending church ser- Africa. ices. Disciples Unite In MIssIon Work NORTH AMERIOA THE rpost significant action taken New ChapJains' Oorps , at the General Convention of the Disciples of Christ, held in Cincin- THE war has brought out the im- nati, Ohio, October 13-20, was the portance of an Army and Navy org:rization of a: United Christian corps of chaplains, with the result Missionary Society which is to abthat a recent bill has been introduced sorb the Home, Foreign, Women's in the Senate and House to provide Benevolent, Church Extension and in the new regular army a permanent Ministerial Relief organizations ;-in corps of chaplains. This bill pro- fact all except the Board of Educa-

tion. It is believed that this unifica- an Ecuadorean girl recently received tion will preclude overlapping of ef- her Master's degree. Many are here fort, and bring more closely together as an indirect result of the war. the 9,000 churches of the denomina- Their fathers have been shut off tion. Dr. Frederick W. Burnham, from business dealings in Europe, president of the Home Missions So- and hence the daughters no longer go ciety, was chosen as head of the to that continent for study. United Society. Because of their ignorance of liv- Buddhism Grows in U. s. ing conditions and legitimate prices, many of these students have formed SINCE the Panama Exposition, false impressions of the United Buddhist aggression in America States; and it is to provide attractive' has been marked. The fact that Christian surroundings for them that there are seventy-four Buddhist the Y. W. C. A. has opened a Fortemples in the United States should eign Women's Students Club on 74th cause more .concern than the indus- Street, under the care of Miss K. B. trial competttton. California has George. twenty-four of these temples, with a membership of 10,240. Every large Council of Organic Union city on the Pacific Coast has its places of heathen worship. But the DELEGATES from Methodist converted Orientals are fervent Episcopal, Protestant Episcopal, Christians, and are not only a chal- Presbyterian, Congregational, Relenge to greater activity on the part formed, Disciples and other Evanof American Christians, but their re- gelical Churches are called to meet in turn to the Orient means a multipli- Witherspoon Hall, Philadelphia, Febcation of Christian influence there. ruary 3-6, to discuss organic union. A year ago, representatives of eight- Mohammedan Challenge in U. s. een denominations met in the same place to consider this question, and MOHAMMEDANS are to be the sentiment for union was so strong found in almost all the big in- that an ad interim committee was dustrial centers of the United States, appointed. This committee has held particularly in Detroit, Mich., Chi- several meetings and will submit a cago, 111., Milwaukee and in Racine, plan of federal union at the council Kenosha and other cities of Wiscon- called for February 3d. sin between Milwaukee and Chicago. No missionary effort of any kind is National Conncll of Women's Societies being made to give them the Gospel. They are in touch with only the THE first meeting of the Episcopal worst side of American life, and National Council of the Church some of them have expressed the Service League was held at the opinion that it was impossible to live Church Missions House, New York a religious life in their environment. City, on Friday, December 12. This Council was called into being by the Club for Foreign Students Woman's Auxiliary at their meeting in Detroit last October. It consists THERE are one hundred and of three members from each of the twenty foreign women students existing natiqnal women's societies of studying in New York City, who are the Church, elected by tehir respecin touch with the Young Women's tive organizations; and of nine mem- Christian Association. South Ameri- bers at large. The aim of the Councim and Mexican women students are cils was outlined as follows: constantly arriving. Eight French students are coming soon. Among "The purpose of the National the sixteen nationalities represented Council of the Church Service are Chileans and Argentinians, while League shall be to federate existing nativnal women's societies of the

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Church for mutual understanding and in order to bring rain, and practicing coordination of effort and further to give such publicity to work already all kinds of charms to drive the evil undertaken and to develop such new opportunities for work to be done spirits out of sick people. Since his that it will attract the attention and enlist the sympathy and receive the conversion he has memorized great response of every woman in the Church." numbers of texts, in fact, whole Conference for Colored Women chapters of the New Testament; and THE fourth annual conference for the pivotal texts and chapters of the Colored Women was held at Stillman Institute, Tuskaloosa, Ala., Old Testament, so that he underin September. Work for rural communities was a live topic under dis- stands God's plan of the ages as recussion; classes were conducted in practical nursing, sewing, home vealed in Scripture. As the old man making and Bible study. Seventyfour delegates from fifty-five cannot read h_ has learned most of churches were in attendance, representing seven denominations in eleven these passages at the quarterly constates,and the mutual exchange of experience was a matter for much ference for Bible study when he satisfaction. pesters everybody who can read, to ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC He read the lessons to him over and over Philippines Decide for Prohibition again. spends days soul-hunt- THE Council of State of the Phil- ing, usually after one at a time, with ippine Islands has memorialized the Congress of the United States to great success. permit the Filipino people to decide the question of prohibition for them- Record of Christian Work. selves. Acting Governor Yeater has announced that the question of pro- MISCELLANEOUS hibition will be considered in his message to the special session of the The Y. M. C. A. Abroad legislature; and it is reported that, in the event that the national prohibi- "AS THE agent of the Christian tion amendment is held not to apply to the Philippines, the Philippine Churches," says Dr. Sherwood Legislature will itself enact a prohibi- Eddy, Secretary of the Foreign Detion measure for the islands. partment of the International Y. M. C. A., "the Young Men's Christian National Advocate. Association is called upon to render a definite and unique service in the Filipino Pagan Becomes a Soul Winner present periods of world wide unrest.

N OLD Filipino who cannot read "In Japan it is reaching the leaders A was, before his conversion, known and affords a practical demonstration as the king of the dewatahan, or of united Christianity. In China it worshipers of an old system of has an unprecedented access to idolatry in vogue before the Spani- students, officials and commercial ards came to the Philippines. He classes. officiated. as a kind of priest, sacrificing pigs at night on the mountainside "In India its field includes some 60,000 English speaking students in the colleges, the million English- speaking leaders of the great cities, and nearly 300,000,000 scattered in rural India, which it is beginning to reach through its rural department and agricultural banks. Many among the one million returning Indian sol- diers are asking for the Association . in the villages of India.

"In the Near East it furnishes a common platform and rallying cen- ter for the graduates of the Christian colleges, both Christians and non- Christians. It can make a practical demonstration of Christianity which is absolutely essential for the win- ning of prejudiced Moslem leaders.

The Q4een of Roumania has ear- Missionary Society was suddenly connestly asked the Y. M. C. A. to open fronted with the need for a medical permanent work in her capital. The man in ~ashmir, and Dr. Neve ac- Metropolitan of Athens has asked the cepted the call, going to Srinagar in Association to enter Greece, not to 1881. He was joined by his brother, proselytize but to vitalize. In Russia and other countries where Catho- Dr. Ernest Neve, in 1886. As long lic and Oriental.Churches are found, ago as 1912, it was said that more the Y. M. C. A. has a unique oppor- people came to their hospital for help tunity to win for Christian leadership the masses of young men in than there were inhabitants of all the these great national Churches. valley of the Kashmir. It was not uncommon to find patients from more than a hundred villages in the hospital at one time.

Lutheran Council and German Missions Bishop Camphor of Liberia ARTICLE NO. 438 of the Peace BISHOP Alexander Priestly Cam- Treaty provides that "the proper- . phor, the only active Negro ties of former German Mission So- bishQp of the Methodist Episcopal. cieties shall be continued to be used Church, died December 10, in South for religious purposes, and therefore Orange, New Jersey. He was fiftyhanded over to Boards of Trustees four years old. Bishop Camphor of the same faith as the mission was born of slave parents in Loui5whose properties are involved," thus iana, was educated at New Orleans imposing upon the Lutheran Church University and at Gammon Theologioutside of Germany the duty of tak- cal Seminary, and held pastorates in ing over the support of the various Germantown, Pa., and Orange, N. German Lutheran Missions, wher- J. In 1897 he carried out his ever the former workers are not al- father's dying -request by going to lowed to continue. Africa, and until 1907 served as president of the College of West With this understanding of Article Africa in Monrovia, Liberia. He No. 438 of the Peace Treaty, the was for five years Vice-Consul Gen- National Lutheran Council has ex- eral of the United States to Liberia. pressed as its opinion that the Lutheran Church of America should in C. L. Ogilvie of China so far as possibk be ready and willing- to assume the support and con- REV. CHARLES L. OGILVIE, a trol of former German Lutheran missionary of the Presbyterian Missions in territory now under the Board in Peking since 1911, died of control of the Allied Governments. pneumonia early in January, soon Foreign missions conducted by the after his return to China from his Germans include Lutheran, Re- . furlough in America. formed and Catholic.

OBITUARY NOTES Dr. Hunter Corbett of China Dr. Neve of Kashmir REV. Hunter Corbett, D. D., a former Moderator of the Pres- DR. ARTHUR NEVE, medical byterian Church, and missionary to missionary to Kashmir of the China for fifty-seven years, died at Church Missionary Society, died on Chefoo during the second week of January at the age of 84. Of Dr. September 5, after a brief illness. Corbett's children, four are mission- aries in China, one a missionary in Dr. Neve was born at Brighton, India, while two others represent England, in 1858; Wl!S educated at the Standard Oil Company In China. Edinburgh University, and while a student decided upon missionary service in Africa. But the Church

Aspects of Chinese Life and The author of this

Thought. 12mo. 186 pp. Kwang l~ttle volume has been for twenty Hsueh Pu.blishing House, Shanghai, years a missionary of the Protes- 1919. tant Episcopal Church, and de- scribes life and mission work in the Those going as missionaries to a islands in a delightful way. His work would be improved with foreign land must not only learn chapter titles and an index. the language but must also learn to know the people before they can Light and Shade in Sarawak. By R. B. be effective missionaries. The Pe- Dawson. I'amphlet. Illustrated. 36 pp. 6d. net. S. P. G. London, 1919. king Language School, therefore, Few Americans know much of arranged for a series of lectures during the winter of 1917-18 and a the Dyaks of Borneo. They have number of well known and well been chiefly famous as "head-huntinformed speakers lectured on Chi- ers," but today many in Sarawak are Christians. This little pamphna, the Chinese Religions, Educa- let tells the story of the S. P. G. tion, Conservation, Tibet, the' Ro- mission work which was founded man Catholic Church in China and seventy years ago. The story is other topics. Among the lecturers a conclusive argument for foreign were Hon. Paul S. Reinsch, Dr. missions. Arthur H. Smith, and C. L. Ogilvie. The. information is valuable to any student of things Chinese.

Light in Dark Isles. Compiled by MOWlg Tin. The Story of a Burmese Alexander Don. Pamphlet. 2s 6d. Boy. By Mary C. Purser. 12mo. Presbyterian Church in New Zealand, 112 pp. 2s net. S. P. G. London, Dunedin, New Zealand. 1918. 1919.

The story of Christian work in This story, founded on fact, the New Hebrides is full of won- shows the kind of education rederful evidences of divine power ceived by Burmese village boys, and of human courage. Dr. John at home and in the monastery. G. Paton made the islands famous, The story has atmosphere and the but many others also have con- descriptions of the Christian hertributed ~to their Christian pro- mit, the false prophet and the gress. Mr. Don, the secretary of white missionary are illustrative the New Zealand Society, has giv- of rthe religious forces at work in Burma. en us in this Jubilee Record a yaluable but somewhat scrappy Conscripts of Conscience. By Caroline history of the work, an interesting study of the people and their re- Atwater Mason. 12mo. 156 pp. $1.00 ligion, and fifty-two brief stories net. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1919. to illustrate the ,twelve chapters. The story with a purpose has a -New Life in the Oldest Empire. By distinct place in literature and in Charles F. Sweet. 12mo. 185 pp. religious life. Too often the pur- $1.25. The Macmillan Company, pose is good but the literary quali- New York, 1919. ty is lacking. Mrs. Mason com- bines literary ability with inspira- Japanese believe that their land tional. idealism and her former and the goddess of the Sun were stories have won for her a place in both born from the same parents, literary and in mission circles. The the two self-generating crea'tive present narrative illustrates how deities. Therefore their Empire the spirit of heroic sacrifice develis considered the oldest in exist- oped in the late waF may be ence and the country and the Em- -turned into the channel of medical peror are inseparable. mlSSlOn service.

157

of Medical

Selected by Belle M. Brolin ETERNITY LONGER THAN TIME • In 1896 Dotor Ida Kahn and Doctory Mary Stone, two young Chinese girls were graduated from the University of Michigan and soon after began their work for their sisters in China, pointing them to the Great Physician who is able to make them every whit whole.

"I am glad you are going back as a doctor," said a lawyer in America to Doctor Ida shortly before they left. "Doctors are more needed than missionaries."

" No, sir," she replied, "I do not think so. Eternity is longer than time!'

Though zealous in their profession, these Chinese Christian doctors feel that the soul is even more important than the body, and the great purpose of their faithful ministTation to the sick and weary bodies of their sisters in China is to lead the sin-sick soul to the Great Physician.

THE CROSS IN THE SNOW· • In the report for 1912 of Doctor Martha Sheldon, who spent twenty heroic years at Bhot on the Tibetan border, we find the following: "Again medical work has opened the way for me to spend two weeks in Tibet. I was called to Lake Manasarowar to operate for cataract upon women living near the monastery, and performed the operations in the stone house built for pilgrims and traders outside. Just before reaching the Lakes we saw the symmetrical Kailas Pahor Mountain. The snows had so melted as to cut a huge, black cross upon its white surface. The effect was wonderful.

"It seemed as if the Christ had gone before us, as indeed He has. I am reminded.that fair, wooded Nepal and bleak, wind-swept Tibet lie almost wholly unevangelized. Right here in Rhot, which with Tibet is the tramping place and trading place of nations, there are indeed souls to conquer for Christ's Kingdom.

"As we walked slowly over the mountains up and down, I –,—– unit:t1;;~tdf ~~oMi~5~~~~'s ~~~ ~alJ~o~J, 1d~~. Taylor Headland. The Central Committee on the •• From "A Crusade of Compassion." Com~lied' by 'Belle T. Allen, M. D. Edited by Carolina Atwater Mason. The Central Committee of the Untted Study of Foreign Missions, West Medford. Mass.

158

STORIES OF MEDICAL MISSIONARIES

pondered whether I was living out of touch with the world in thus traveling so slowly in these days of lightning speed. I decided it all depended upon one's life work. Mine is to reach and to win the Bhotiyas, and those allied to them, to Christ. They travel with their great flocks of loaded sheep slowly. I, in traveling thus, come more in touch with them. So I content myself with a very humble work, in a very humble corner, in a very humble way."

WHY DOCTOR SHEPARD OAME· In 1882, when Doctor Fred Douglas Shepard and his wife who was also a physician, arrived at Aintab, Turkey, they found multitudes of sick persons awaiting their help, suffering from all manner of diseases.

At first the Mohammedans said Doctor Shepard had come to Turkey because he could earn more money there than in Ameriaa; that he must be very rich, too, since he owned a fine horse and lived in a large house.

A Mohammedan priest, however, argued that, had the doctor remained in America, he would have earned ten times the amount of his salary as a missionary. He explained the doctor's hard work in Turkey on the theory that he was seeking to save his own soul; that he had made a vow, or had committed some sin for which he sought to make atonement by leaving his native land.

A patient who had just been treated by the doctor then spoke up and told the priest that he and the others were mistaken; that an inmate of the hospital that had been there two months had explained it all in these words: "These Americans and their Armenian helpers have a strange way of talking about Hazret'i Eesa (Jesus of Nazareth). He seems to be their master and they act as if he cared for us."

The patient also said that while his wife was at the hospital, he went there every day and found out something for himself about Hazreti Eesa. He had been given a copy of a Gospel which explained Doctor Shepard's motive. In conclusion he gave his audien~ this advice: "If you want to know the real reason why Doctor Shepard and these other Americans come to Turkey, you must read that book."

In 1907, at a great gathering held in honor of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the coming of Doctor and Mrs. Shepard to Aintab, the doctor himself told why he had come.

"If one who did not know me had listened to what has been said about me during the last two hours, he would think that Doctor Shepard must be some great man; but you and I know that it is not so. A farmer's son, I grew up an orphan. I finished school • Condensed and adapted from "Ministers of Mercy," by Jame. H. Franklin. Missionary :EducauOll Movement, 1919;

with great difficulty. I have not marked intellectual ability. Yet this great gathering on a busy week-day afternoon must have a reason. I know that this reason is not myself. It is one greater than I am-God and His love. For one who knows how God loves men and how Jesus has saved us, not to tell others about His love is impossible. Because I have understood a little about this love, I try to let others know about it. This is the purpose of my life. I did not come to this country to make money or to win a .reputation. I came to bear witness to this, that God is love. And if, by my work or life, I have been able to show this to you, I have had my reward, and for it I thank God."

Medical Missions in China-A Contrast ONE HUNDIU;D YEARS Aco TODAY Less than one hundred years Turn from that picture to see ago, China, with one-fourth of the improvement today. all the people in the, world, was 1. Medical missionaries and 1. Without a physician, for- trained nurses from America and eign or native, who had ever seen a medical co11ege, or had medical Europe, native physicians and training of any description. nurses; educated in America, 2. Without a surgical instru- Europe and China, healing the ment of any description other bodies of men and women, have than needles. gone to every section of China, and show forth the benevolent 3. 'Without an anaesthetic of any description. side of our Christian religion. 2. Surgical instruments and 4. 'Without one dispensary or hospital. apparatus are available. .3. Anaesthetics, serums and S. Without one trained nurse. modern medicine are available. 6. Without a medical school or 4. Modern hospitals and disclass of any grade. pensaries are in many sections. 7. Vithout any knowledge of S. Many Chinese have been scientific or research work. trained as physicians, surgeons 8. Vithout any knowledge of and nurses. quarantine, or how to prevent the spread of contagious diseases. 6. Medical teaching is conduct~ ed in well equipped colleges. 9. 'Without any true knowledge or anatomy, physiology, hygieut.., 7. Scientific and research work surgery or sanitation. is being done in every important 10. Without a Red Cross of center. any nationality. 8. Quarantine is being enforced to prevent the spread of con- tagious diseases.

9. Some of the latest modern text books are available for Chin- ese study.

10. A well organized national Red Cross has been established. A GREAT BOOK ON Dispensational Truth or God's Plan and Purpose in the Ages THIS BOOK CONTAINS 41 SPLENDID PROPHETICAL CHARTS, EACH 9×20 INCHES, AND 22 CHAPTERS OF DESCRIPTIVE MATTER, AND IS SAID BY LEADING PROPHETICAL SCHOLARS TO BE THE GREATEST BOOK ON "DIS- PENSATIONAL TRUTH" TN THE WORLD."

TIle book is sane, not a "time-setter," contains no speculative matter, is based on the "Futurist School" of interpretation, is timely, will be of permanent value and a standard authority on Dispensational Truth, and is of incalculable value to all who are in any way interested in Prophetic Truth. Its charts are unique, simr:le, clear, uniform in size and style and present every phase of Dispensational Truth, without a knowledge of which no Bible stUdent can "Rightly Divide the Word of Truth."

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The Book of Revelation THIS BOOK IS THE RESULT OF TWENTY-FIVE YEARS OF STUDY OF THE BOOK OF REVELATION. THE BOOK IS INTERPRETED FROM THE FUTURIST STANDPOINT. THE WRITER'S PURPOSE IS TO SHOW THAT THE BOOK IS TO BE TAKEN LITERALLY, AND THAT IT IS WRITTEN IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER. THE TExT OF .THE OLD VERSION IS USED, AND IS PRINTED AT THE TOP OF EACH SUBJECT. THE TEXT AND DESCRIPTIVE MATTER IS EMPHASIZED BY THE USE OF CAPITALS AND BLACK TYPE.

The book is illustrated with over 30 charts, maps and diagrams. There are also numerous cuts of the symbols, beasts, etc., spoken of in the Book of Revelations distributed through the book. These help to elucidate the text and add to the value of the book and save much explanatory matter.

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The Second Coming of Christ THIS IS A "BOOKLET" OF 46 PAGES, SIZE 61 x9", AND IS ILLUSTRATED WITH EIGHT FINE CHARTS, 47!;"x8", AND IS BOUND IN AN ORNAMENTED BROWN PAPER COVER.

Price, Postpaid, Sinl1.1e Copy, 25 Cents. 5 Copies for $1.00 PUBLISHED AND FOR SALE BY THE AUTHOR CLARENCE LARKIN Pastor Bethany Baptist Church FOX CHASE, PHILA•• PA.

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On the platform were seated as many as attended the first Student Volunteer Convention in Cleveland in 1891. Above the platform hung the Watchword of the Movement. "The Evangelization of the World in This Generation." At the back was the map showing the mission fields into which over 8000 Student Volunteers have £,one in the past 33 years "Here I Am Again!"

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the large, bold type. $100.00 Then by nJuet turning for Your Church the knob" u'e _~.t; Today's Housewife has helped -t..I….. ". ,.eo.6.~ 10,. ""''' churches all over the country to raise funds in a refined, dig- 9""~o.~e co",.eB~O~6.e~c•• nified manner. Far superior ~y Sunday SchooL sot.e.s, to the usual, threadbare, tiring supper, sociable or bazaar. "Many Typewriter. In One" Not a cent of expense or risk. Write today for details, Church WOUld you like to know whll tho Aid Department, Multiplex Hammond is so popular with ALL clasBes of people? We ca.n tell you Today's Housewife, in four words: I 100 Main st. Cooperstown, New York Becau8e of its versatilityI YOU CAN STAY AT HOME The Multiplex Hammond does everytWng any other typewriter will and do, and be.ide., If you "Just turn tho knob" you can cha.nge from one style PREACH THE GOSPEL TO of type. or trom ono language, to an- MOHAMMEDANS other. Noto the a.bove speelmen (slightly reduced) all written on the through SAME machine.

The American Christian Literature lNo Other Typewriter Can Do This Society for Moslems No matter who (Incorporated In 1915 you are, what you are. or where you This Society is Interdenominational. are,theMultiplex Committees of Missionaries Cooperate on Hammond is the the Fields. m~u~acA~t The Literature is Adapted to Moslems. The Messages are Thoroughly Evangelical. the coupon for The Tracts are Printed Attractively. free folder. They go where no Missionaries are allowed. They can be read in secret and repeatedly. Also a PORTABLE Model Many Moslems have been converted Full capacity. Weight about 11 pounds. through tracts. Ask lor special folder. Ma.iled free. Will you help give Moslems theCo.pel? Inquire about specl.1 terrns Write for information IS to memberl!blp, need8, sam.. to profe.slonals pte 1raOtI. mee1.1D1'B of &USlJlarlet. ee.• ., ____________ .Free Folder____________ _ MRS. JAMES MONTGOMERY, Seeretarr THE HAMMOND TYPEWRITER CO. Box 888, New York City 577 Eas. 69th St., New York City. Ploase send free Folder to: Name._______________________ Adclrees,_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ ~upa~on__________________ MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

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FOR THESE REASONS WE URGE YOU TO INVESTIGATE OUR LIFEANNUI~rY BONDS George M. Fowles, Treasurer of the Board of Foreign Missions'of For the Methodist Episcopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York, Information or W. J. Elliott, Treasurer of the Board of Home Missions and Address ) Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch Street, Philadelphia.

THERE ARE OVER 200,000,000 MOSLEMS One-eighth of the World's Population.

The Moslel11 World is Disintegrating – The Christian World is Expanding Do You Know the Fa'!ts? You can Read Them in "THE MOSLEM WORLD"

Edited by Rev. Samuel M. Zwerner, LL. D., F. R. G. S.t Cairo, Egypt YOU NEED THIS MAGAZINE BECAUSE CONTENTS FOR JANUARY I. The crisis in Mohammedan lands today I Corinthians, Chapter Thirtten. presents unique problems and opportunities. ~n~:!a~ ~1:Ct~'fed and In th~U~ ~·.p~evi~g~ 2. THE MOSLEM WORLD is the only magazine that deals with the problems from and the Rosary. Samuel M. Zwemer, D. D. a Christian standpoint. Moslem Literature in Swahili. A. Werner The Mohammedans in the United States. 3. THE MOSLEM WORLD provides the forum needed for research and for united In Constantinople During the War. M. M. Aljlan action. Elizabetb Dodge Huntlngton 40 This quarterly supplies a Christian review of The Need for Arabic Christian Liter.tore. current events,literature and thought among Arthur T. Upson Moslems. The Growth 01 the Mohammed Legend. Josef Horovitz The Abmadiya Movement. W. R W. Gardner The Raymond Lull Home in Tangier, Morocco.

H. E.. Jonea Village Evangelization in Oman. G. D. VanPeursem Unoccupied Central Asia (The Law of the Strong.) . Reprint from "The Times" ¥h,:;", M~~!','.!:,~a%ty·M.?~':!.ant~d~""h~llgD.t~e Eightlenth Century. Bishop J. Ta.ylor Hamilton Book Reviews Current Topics PE INFO~ED AS TO THESE FACTS.-SEND TODAY FOR THE LATEST NUMBER.

THE MOSLEM WORLD, 156 Fifth Ave., New York $1,25 a Year 35c a Copy PI……e ·mentlon TH:a MISSIONARY REVIEW 01' THill WORLD In wrltlnr to advertise" Let Them Starve and Die!-IF -you care nothing for the teachings of the Christ who was born only a few miles from the land where these 250,000 orphans are facing death from starvation-Armenia.

-you think you can enjoy for yourself the few dollars that may be the price of a baby's life.

-you can speak of tl1e greatness of America and still allow your country to abandon these children whose fathers kept back the Turkish army and saved the Allied cause in the East.

-you can sleep in comfort in your warm bed whlle thousands of children wrap thin tattered rags about their shrivelled bodies when they seek a little rest in the roadside caves.

But You DO Care- You WILL NOT Let Them Starve The offering for the aid of these 250,000 homeless victims of Moham- medan persecution Will be taken in the Schools of your church as early in the new year as possible. See that your church is not silent when America re- sponds to the appeal of the children of Bible Lands.

NEAR EAST RELIEF (Formerly the American Committee:for Armenian and Syrian Relief) CLEVELAND H. DODGE, Treasurer 1 Madison Avenue New York City This advertisement is privately paid for by a friend of the Armenian people. Please mention TBII MI8&lo"…." Rllvl:JIW O. '1'BI WORLD ill writing to adTertl.era

– – ~ • •~ ~ • • ~~ .'" .. .. •4::-1

~ Is the Near East at Ute Zero Bour?

Mustapha Kemal Bey sets up a government in opposition to the Sultan's at Constantinople! Halideh Hanum, beautiful and remarkable woman leader of Turkey, calls on the people to burn Constantinople before it shall become the creature of Europe's old-time diplomacy! Enver Pasha, friend and chief agent of the Germans, suddenly reported out of hiding, as King of the Wild Kurds! The native nationalist parties of Egypt, Arabia, Turkey, threatening unionand appeal to religious fanaticism I And Bolshevism beckoningalluringly!

Asia The American MAG A Z I NEon the Orient sec~~;tfn~~f~:s~ri~t~fheN~r ~v:t:nf=~~Yvi~t:~~faE~r~~~~pfl~ on one hand and of the unspeakable corruption of the Turkish ruling class on the other. The old lands of the origin of man are in the melting pot–a boiling cauldron of suspicion and race jealousy. America can give them the necessary lift. You cah decide. From no other source could you get so well rounded-and absorbingly entertaining-a picture of Con tents of theH:rtt!~IA~:!~ t;i°b~~:SS:rl~:~tth:~~~i~:~~~JS!U:rk. Ings of Turks he has known. Philip Marshall Brown, memo ber of the Peace Commission, tells of the Sultan. Talcott ASIA lor JANUARY, 1920 WnIiams, born in Turkey, one of America's leading journal. ists, and Paul Monroe. educationalist, who knows bow America. acted in the PhilipPines, tells of our fitness as a Men and Thing, .. the Turk See. Them mandate power. This special Near Eastern section is a magazine In itself. H.,~erl A'."" Ciu,,", Itisonfya part of ASIA for January which has in its other The UtO Hour in the Near Eut • • JdC~1On Flcm{nt s*gel a story h,Y an American. engineer of little-known Af· ghinistan now 1D the world's c:-aldum Iigbt at war with Great America The Sultan Looks Weatward – PAilip MOT"'." BT""'" :~'~w1~~wtb~~lJ,!b!~~~=t~[l~~l~!:e:An~~~ A MaMate-Does Qualify~ stimulate the Imaa1nation.

Five a The American [dea–Can [t Work~ T.k«t Willi_ Months for DoOar What We Showed in the Philippines PQu/ Monrae A Fir1e MontM' Tour 01 the Orient the Halideh Hanum" Turkey's Femini!l Leader G~rlrude Emer50n co!:o~ a~::c:;O:in:;h:v: fi~Sue"!t:::do~~ [s the Caliphate in the Melting Pot~ Frederick J. BUll SEND THE COUPON WITH ONE DOLIAll Turks-and Turks .. — TAeron J. Dcunon be~~A~M1t~u:!i~e~~~:::~~Sb~:~:7ul of M.n.

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Mongoli&-The Tes:u of Asia …. .. LulIm AnJetMm Send this coupon Send me the next five BenCllth the Crags of Kuhmiri .. V. C. Seotl O'Connor promptly. as the sub- issues of ASIA. I enclose scription price 'wtU $1.00 (Canadian, $I••S; For- Weaving the Orient into American Indushiea eign, $I.40) soon be advanced M. D. C. Crawl",' and then this offer will be withdrawn.

Asia Publishing Co.

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The Missionary Review of the World — September 1919

VIII

New Missionary Books You Need On the TheD1.es of Mission Study for 1919-20: Christian Americanization: Christianity and Human Conservation THE LATEST PUBLICATIONS OF THE MISSIONARY EDUCATION MOVEMENT NEW LIFE CURRENTS IN CHINA …………………………….. Mary Ninde Gamewd! New Ute current.s are vital'zing and regenerating Old China. A "moving picture" of the wonderful work being done by Christian Missions. Physically and spiritually they are helping to develop a m;ghty n~ tioD. 1Uns1 rated. Price, cloth. 75 cents; paper, 50 centsj pcstpald.

FOREIGN MAGIC …………………………………………….. . Jean Carter Cochran ~:;e~Ft~i~' ~d~~Yr~! ~, r~~:rts.an£~!:l~~~n:uij~ltif;uCh~er:ilh ~ ~~~tlet~~~~ Illustrated. P£ice. $1.50, postpaid, CHRISTIAN AMERICANIZATION ………………………………. Dr. Charles A. Brook., Here is a valuable book ror those who are striving to accomplish the Hafter-the-war" tusks. It outlines the part the church must take in solving new problem~. Illust.rated. Price, cloth, 75 cents; paper, 40 cents; postpaid.

MINISTERS OF MERCy……………. . …………………. . Dr. Jam.. II. Franklin The storie~ or ten famou!'!' medical missiona,ries are told in the ten chapt,ors of this book. Wonderful glimpses oi Christian missions in the fj~ar East. Illustrated.

Price, cloth, 75 cents; paper, 50 cents; postpaid.

THE HONORABLE CRIMSON TREE ………………………………… .Anita B. Fnri, The boys and girls of China, :with their childIsh hopes an? trials and amhitions, are singularly I1ke the hoys and girls here at home. Eight brIght and wholesome .tories.

Illustrated. Price, cloth, 60 cents; paper, 40 cents; postpaid.

ORDER FROM YOUR DENOMINATIONAL MISSION BOARD OR FROM THE MISSIONARY EDUCATION MOVEMENT, 160 Fifth Ave., New York Let One Magazine Do YOU CAN STAY AT HOME the Work of Many and We have many requests from libraries for PREACH THE GOSPEL TO issues of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW MOHAMMEDANS OF THE WORLD that are entirely out of stock. They need them to complete their through files to use for reference. We have to refuse these requests but you may be able to help The American Christian Literature meet this demand. In case you do not keep Society for Moslems a file of the REVIEW, do not discard your copies. Send them to us and they can still (Incorporated in 1915) send their message through the libraries. We will gladly pay you the amount we This Society is Interdenominational receive for copies of the following issues: Committees of Missionaries Cooperate on the Fields The Literature is Adapted to Moslems The Messages are Thoroughly Evangelical The Tracts are Printed Attractively They go where no Missionaries are allowed They can be read in secret and repeatedly February, 1917 October, 1918 Many Moslems have been converted through Tracts. October, 1917 November, 1918 Will you help give Moslems the Gospel? February, 1918 December, 1918 tn~~:~t':n!~~i~~~o~f:~liari~~ e::t~ship, needs, sample July, 1918 January, 1919 August, 1918 March, 1919 MRS. JAMES MONTGOMERY, Seuelory April, 1919 Box 888, New York City Address correspondence and return copies to OTHER OFlI'JCERS OF THE SOCIETY Rev. &mueJ M. Zwemer, D. D., of Cairo, Pre8id~nt Dr. Robert E. Speer of New York, Vice President The Business Department Delavan L. Pierson of New York, Vice President The Missionary Review Publishing Dr. James L. Barton Mrs. Wm. Borden COD1.pany, Inc. Mrs. Wm. B. Hiil Dr. Frank Ma<;()n North Miss Anna L. Dawes 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Mr. Fennell P. Turner Mes. Finley J. Shepard Dr. Charles H. Tyndall Dr. Charles R. Watson Mrs. D. L. Pierson SEND GIFTS TO Mrs. E. E. Olcott 322 West 75th St., New York, Treasurer Please mention TIlE: MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers ~FAC,,,T_S., ""W"" O~"R-T"H""Q""U,O,,T,IN,-G,~ Only twclIty thousand of the 1~().UO() Chinese lahorers sent to France to help win the war have as yet returned to their homes. The remaining 120,000 are kept in Eur()re to assist in rehuilding devastated areas. Sixty-nine Chri"itlan workers re- cently met to consider how hest to COIl"erve the results of l11issiona:y effort among these Chinese. (See page 562.) One of the hopeful s'gns of Christian awakening in Spain is that last year the sales of Bibles increased over thirty per CC111. Protestant churches there have united in a Spanish Evangelical Alliance and are enlphasizing Christian educatiotl. Spain may h~' ob1iged to liberalize hel' constitution and to give tTIore_ complete religiol1" liberty in order to qualify for membership in the League of Nations. (See page 563.) Canada is p:-oilloting all Interchurch Forward lviovcment for missions. The aim of the campaign is distinctly spiritual, and the plans include a National Executive C01TlIuittee, COllll11ittees for each province and a national Conference to discuss the whole task. (See page 565.) Chinese Christians are forming home luissionary societies, and one of these in Nanking has sent out an appeal to the native churches, urging the obligation of carrying the Gospel to distant pans of China. (See page 565.) A building is to be erected in Shanghai to house the China Continuation Com- mittee. and to be a headquarters fur the varions union mission agencies there. One hundred and fifty missionaries have cooperated in preparing a "Survey of China." which the committee expect to publish in 1920. The Christian forces are seeking to formulate plans to promote statesmanship. (See page 566.) The British and Foreign Bihle Society distributed hetween nine and teu million Testa- lnents in seventy-six languages among cOlnbatants and labor battalions during the war. The American Bible Society and other organtzations distributed several mil- lions more copies. Vith demobilization. these volumes are being carried to the ends of the earth. Six hundred and fifty versions of the Bible have been printed, representing the spoken languages of seven-tenths of the human race. (See page 571.) Within fifty years the work of the Salvation Army has been established in no less than sixtY-lhree separate countries and colonies, fratn the Arctic Circle to the iar South, in the Orient and in Africa. among Zulus and Kaffirs. Its outposts nnmber 9859, and there are 1231 rescue and industrial institutions. (See page 581.) Rahai missionaries have been in America for more than twenty years, and a few thomand have become enmeshed in Bahai sentimentalities. They have established congregations. promoting what they call "The National Association of the Uni- versal Religion." They even send workers to Pe-sia. the home of Bahaism, to strengthen the canse there. (See page 591.) Far-reaching reforms in the 1(oman Catholic Church of Bohemia are demanded by 17,000 priests of that country. Among these reforms are the use of the mother tongue in religions services, the permission for priests to marry, and change in the educational system for priests. (See page 622.) The Christian message has been giveu pnblicity in four of the daily papers of Tokyo, so that Christianity is becoming a leading topic of conversation on rail- roads, in public places and even in out of the way villages. (See page 627.) There are one bundred and fifty million women in India, nearly half of whom are high class Hindus or Mohammedans, and cannot be reached by any but women physicians. For this vast number there are only one hundred and sixty women physicians. about one-fourth 0 f whom are now on furlough. This shows the im- portance of establishlng medical schools for tbe training of Indian women physi- cians. (See page 617.) NEW BOOKS ON MISSIONS Are You Looking Japan Day by Day. Edward S. Morse. for 2 vols. Illus. London: Constable. Missionary Information? • 365 nPl. 1919. Rising Japan. Jabcz T. Sunderland, Secure Bound Volumes of The RevieuJ D. D. XI +220 pp. New York and Through a London: Pntnam. $1.25; 5s net. 1918. Special Clearance Sale Report of the Indian Industrial Com- mission, 1911)-18. 481+XII pp. 1.on- Each volume of The Missionary don: H. M. Stationery Office. 45 6d. Review contains 1000 pages of 1919. valuable material and never out- Through Eastern Windows: Life Stories of-date missionary information. of an Indian City. A. J. Marris. Volumes are profusely illustrated IIlus. 166 pp. London: R. T. S. 35. with photographs and maps. od. net. 1919. Any volume of The Turks of Central Asia in History and at the Present Day. M. A. Czap- THE MISSIONARY licka. 242 pp. London: Oxford Uni- versity Press; Oxford: Clarendon ~W~WORLD Press. ISs. net. 1919. The Countries and Tribes of the Persian is a veritable cyclopedia of mis- Gulf. S. B. Miles. 2 vols. London: Harrison. £1. lIs. 6d. net. 1919. sionary lrnowledge—always read- The Rage of Islam. Yonan H. Shah- baz. xi+175+vii pp. Philadelphia: able—inspiring-e-ver a valuable Roger 'Williams Press. $1.50. 1918. Report of the United Conference of Mis- reference book. . sionary Societies in British East" Africa. Kiknyu, July 23-26, 1918. We have a limited number of 22 pp. Nairobi: Stationers Ltd. 30c. bound volumes for the years 1918. 1892-93-95-96-97-98-1909-11 -12- The Pacific: Its P<.tst and Future. Guy 13-14-15, which we will dispose H. Scholefield. JIIus. Maps. 352 pp. of at $1.50 per volume post- London: Murray. ISs. net. 1919. paid. Each volume is hand- The Ships of Pe<.tce. Basil Mathews. somely bound in red cloth with Illus. 136 pp. London: Oxford Uni- gold lettering. It is possible for versity Press. 2s. 6d. 1919. you to complete your files of the History of Zionism, 1600-1918. Nahum Review at small cost. This is an Sokolow. Vol. 1. Illus. Ixiii+313 exceptional opportunity. Send pp. London: Longmans. 215. net. your order now before it is too 1919. late. Palestine, Mesopotamia and the Jews. Sir Andrew Wingate, K. C. I. E. xi+ Missionary Review Publishing 290 pp. London: Holness. 5s. net. Company, Inc. 1919. The Little Daughter of Jerusalem. By 156 Fifth Avenue NEW YORK CITY Jules Lemaitre. 8vo. 289 pp. E. P. Du.tton & Company, New York. 1919. Scriptural Authority for Missions. ]. L. Hoffman. 9 pp. Baltimore: Lu- theran Church. $10. 1918. Winning the World. Ixxii+178 pp. Mil- waukee: Young Chnrchman Co. 60c. 1917. The Crisis in Church and College. By G. W. McPherson. 8vo. 238 pp. $1.25. G. W. McPherson, Yonkers, N. Y. 1919. Social Christianity in the New Era. By Chaplain Thomas Tiplady. 8vo. 190 pp. $1.25. Fleming H. Revell Com- pany, New York. 1919. The Fundamental Doctrines of the Christian Faith. By R. A. Torrey. 8vo. 328 pp. $1.40. George H. Doran Company, New York. 1918. Greatest Thoughts About Jesus Christ.

By J. Gilchrist Lawson. 8vo. 322 pp. $1.50. George H. Doran Com- pany, New York. 1919. Student Witnesses for Christ. By S. Ralph Harlow. 8vo. 83 pp. 60e. Association Press-, New York. 1919.

Please nlention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE VORLD in writing to advertisers Missionary Personals JOHN ,WILl,IS BA:>:R, LL,J')" moderator of the Presbyterian General Assembly, has / been elected Vice-Chairman of the New Era Movement, to succeed the late J. Wilbur Chapman, D. D.

'" '" '" '" '" '" · . '" '" '" '" R:>:v. J. STUARt' HOr.D:>:N, D. D., of London, has been compelled on account of ill health to cancel his engagements to speak in America this summer. R:>:v. EDGAR WHITTAKER WORK, D. D., pastor of the Fourth Presbyterian Church, New York City, has been chosen to succeed the late Dr. A. F. Schaufller as chaIrman of the Executive Committee of the New York Evangelistic Committee.

****** BISHOP FRANK W. W ARNI, who has been in America assisting m the Methodist Centenary Campaign, has sailed for India.

'" '" '" '" '" '"

DR. JOHN W. WOOD, Foreign Secretary of the Protestant Episcopal Board of Missions, has returned from an extended visit to the Far East.

'" '" .. '" * * R:>:v. ADOI,PH K:>:r.r.JlR, pastor of a Reformed Church in Zurich, Switzerland, is visiting the United States as an official representahve of the Protestant churches of Switzerland for the purpose of promoting cordial relationship with American churches.

* .. .. * * * WILLIAM T. ELLIS, LL.D., of Swarthmore, Pa., lecturer and newspaper corres- · '" '" '" '" pondent, was under arrest in Egypt for a time because of his alleged activities in connection with the nationalist movement in that country.

'"

· '" '" '" '" REV. J. Y. AITCHISON, D. D., has been selected hy the Baptist General Board of Promotion as its General Secretary.

'"

DR. AUR:>:n T AGI.IALA'J':>:I.A, an Italian preacher and one of seven scholars chosen by the British and Foreign Bible Society to make a new Italian translation of the New Testament and the Psalms, has come to America to conier with Christian leaders · . '" '" '" '" in regard to plans for strengthening Protestantism in Italy. SIR T. F. VICTOR BUXTON, vice-president and honorary treasurer of the Church Missionary Society, died recently in England, as the result of a motor accident. He was also President of the Aborigines' Protective Society and was an authority on aU subjects relating to the African native.

'" '" '" '" '" '"

R:>:v. JOHN G. WHEIlN, general secretary of Methodist Missions in New South Wales, has been elected as President of the Australian Methodist Missionary Society.

'" '" '" * '" '" t!, DR. EMM:>:TT J. SCOTT, secretary to Booker T. Washington for eighteen years, and more recently special assistant to the Secretary of War, has been elected Secretary and Treasurer of Howard University, Washington, D. C.

'" '" '" '" '" '"

R:>:V. WM. A. HILI. has recently been appointed Secretary of Missionary Education for the Northern Baptist Convention. Mr. Hill has been for two years secretary for New England Baptist Missionary Societies.

>I< >I< '" '" >I< ..

DR. G. W. STANL:>:V has been asked by the Secretary of State for India to assist in re-establishing missionary work at Bagdad, Mesopotamia.

DO YOU DIE?

According to scientists "death is Dramaticfailure to respond- to environment." Material A man finally expires when he breathes out without being able to tor breathe in. He is then no longer able to receive and appropriate, and Church Use so is cut off from usefulness. His body may be alive while his mind or A Pageant of The Church his spirit is dead. By Eleanor B. Forman and Mabel E. Some men and women expire long Stone before their time of usefulness should be over. They no longer take Sev(>n episodes in tht' historic growth of and so cannot give. Every month the Church. Showing the contribution some subscribers expire and die- of each epoch to our modem life. others by forethought renew their life with the life of their subscrip- Price 30 cents tions. Some live a year at a time. Others provide for long life. To World FelloUJship which class do you belong? Live and help others to live. Take and By Mathilde J. Vossler and Jeannette give. If your subscription life is Perkins running out renew it now. Sttength'

comes with the renewal.

CHANGES OF ADDRESS When you expect to change your The consecration of all the nations to address we believe it will be a help Christianity. Price 35 cents to you and also to us for you to know how our mailing list is pre- Beneath One Roof pared. It is sent to the addresser to By Consbnce C"';ate Wright have wrappers made on the tenth of Ch2.rity teaches thos.. she finds "beneath the month preceeding the issue to be one roof" to seek happiness through mailed in them. Any renewals or service. Price 25 cents changes of address reaching us after that date cannot be recorded until The Drama of Esther the following month. For example, In three acts of three scenes each. Re- the last revisions for our mailing list o_uires little preparation and is very ef- for this issue, September, were made fective. Price 25 cents before August 10th. Renewals and changes of address that were re- The Christmas Story ceived after that date could no longer By Jane T. Miller be made for the September mailing A Series of table'lux illust.,ted by read- but will be effective beginning Oc- ing' from Ben Hur. Price 20 cents tober. If you will keep this in mind and will notify us in advance you The Counsel will be spared the inconvenience of having to – wait for your magazine By Hazel MacKaye because it has gone to the wrong ad- A ceremom' of today in s~eech and song'

dress or has been lost, as the post- Love and Wisdom seek some Spirit which office seldom forwards magazines. shall bring mankind together. Tolerance Above all, when you change your is revealed as the Spirit which shall bring address please send us word your- enduring Peace. The ceremonial is prac- tical and simple. Price 35 cents.

self instead of depending on our re- ceiving the Post Office notice. That Send for complete List of Plays and Pageants published by always means at least one lost issue, The Womans Press delay and often disappointment. 600 Lexington Avenue •• New York City We pass this "inside information"

on to you because we know you are .., anxious as we are to have things run smoothly. – Please mention Tu. MISSIONARY Rtvn:w 0' "'HE WORLD in writing to advertisers

A three-year educational, financial and spiritual campaign has been launched by

Protestant Episcopal Church in America to consolidate its work in present fields. and to undertake new work in other fields. The underlying motive of the movement is a spiritual awakening of the Church as a whole. (See page 641.) The outlook for quieter conditions in India is encouraging. Mob violence has been strongly disapproved by intelligent Indians, and the Commission appointed to con- sider the franchise in India has reported favorably on "communal representation." This will divert the minds of the people from destructive methods and educate them in the principles of self-government. The recent disturbances have made clear that Christian education _has a restraining influence on disorder. (See page 641.) Energetic measures have been taken by American Christians to put an end to the maltreatment of Koreans. Missionaries in Chosen have sent a delegation to Japan to appeal to the Government, and in America Lhe Federal Council of the Churches has made representations to the Japanese ambassador in Washington, and direct to Premier Hara in Tokyo. (See page 647.) A leading Japanese statesman testifie,s that missionaries have been pioneers in the field of education. Last year the Japanese Parliament voted 40,000,000 yen, and the Emperor gave out of his own purse 10,000,000 yen more for higher educa- tion. Yet this will not adequately meet the intellectnal demand of young Japan. (See page 657.) Of all the causes of anti-Japanese feeling in Chosen, both near and remote, Rev. T. Suzuki, a Japanese Christian, considers selfish imperialism most important. Materialistic patriotism permeates the entire educational policy of Japan, and produces a race unsuited to colonization. Thorough-going reformation in political ideals is called for, and to this end 110 work is so urgent as the evangelization of Japan. (See page 661.) Democratic tendencies are manifest in the Japanese Empire as well as in the rest of the world. Recently two auto loads of Japanese rushed through the streets of Seoul, shouting "Democracy Banzai." (See page 664.) Uke Jewish leaders of Christ's time, Japanese statesmen are trying to bottle llew wine in old 5kins. Tryiug to reconcile antiqnated institutions with modern thonght, democratic idealism with militarism, individualism wi th ancestor worship, and industrialism with feudalistic conceptions of society, have brought a train of problems for which only the Christian solution is adequate. (See page 673.) Forty-eight years ago Japan had only a mere handful of mills. Last year she operated over 25,000 modern mills, and her foreign trade totaled more than two and a half billion yen. This rapid development of economic resources has not been accompanied by a normal adjustment to new conditions, and constitutes a serious handicap in her bid for world power. (See page 676.) Careful estimates give the proportion of women and girls employed in Japanese industry as three-fifths of the total. Thirty-four thousand labor in coal mines, and three-fifths of these are under twenty years of age, while ten per cent are between twelve and fifteen. (See page 680.) A free clinic and dispensary is now being built at Ahualulco, Mexico, where re- ligious instruction will be given to all who apply for treatment, and which is to be named "Sala de Curaciones Stephens," in memory oj the first evangelical Chris- tian martyr in Mexico, Rev. John L. Stephens. (See page 687.) A Japanese peasant sect, Tenrikyo, is said to bave 3,500,000 adherents and 2,000 preaching centers. It is a variation of Shintoism, and in some respects analogous to Christian Science. (See page 70J.) Twenty-one prayer group,S in Korea meet on the last Thursday of every month to pray for Israel. Five hundred Japanese Christians have organized a Prayer Union for Jews, and a similar union in China recently held its eighteenth annual meeting. (See page 704.) A Christian newspaper published at Aintab, Turkey, has a subscription list of four hundred, and is said to be the mo,st important single agency in preventing dis- turbances. Funds for supporting it are supplied by British officers. (See page 797.)

A LIFE SIZED AFRICAN KRAAL AT COLUMBUS

Women at the mill, the drum call, industries and customs were exhibited A PILIPINO HOME AND FILIPINO CHRISTIANS SCENES AT THE METHODIST CENTENARY, COLUMBUS, OHIO LIFE AND WORK IN ALL LANDS WONDERFULLY PRESENTED

MISSIONARY

EVIEW'

VOL SEPTEMBER, 1919 NUlIBJlR XLII NINBjI BUDDHISM VS. CHRISTIANITY IN JAPAN T HIRTY years ago, when Japan was making such wonderful progress, she unfortuuately took a misstep. Seeing that missionary work, although not in any sense a political organization, had an immense political influence, she feared that the spread of Christianity would lead to the democratization of her government, and possibly to the dominationof the East by America. To avert what she considered a calamity, Japan began to promote Buddhism. The temples which had fallen into decay were rebuilt. Christian methods of propaganda were imitated in the attempt to revive this old and dying religion. The influence of the leaders of Japan was turned against Christianity.

In her ambition to become the dominating force in Asia, Japan is pursuing much the same policy today, in spite of her professed religious liberty. One of her demands on China was to the effect that Japan should be allowed to propagate Buddhism. She has already established in Shanghai the Haloon College for promoting Japanese ideals and Buddhism. The natural sympathy of missionaries with freedom, progress and patriotism in Korea and China, intensifies Japanese suspicion and hostility to Christianity.

What is to be the outcome of this politico-religious crisis? "God hath chosen the foolish things of the world to confound the wise, and God hath chosen the weak things of the world to confound the things which are mighty." Who would have thought that the simple preaching of repentance and salvation would have thrown off as a by-product so much intelligence and patriotism as to revolutionize the Orient~ Japan herself was reorganized largely through American and Christian influence. China threw off the Manchu yokp and thp decadf'nt monarchy. KOTf'a is now 6U

calliug 011 God to deliver her from Japanese militarism. Missionaries do not preach politics, but God works through political events as well as through the Church.

If only the broad-minded and more intelligent Christian element in Japan can gain control of Japan's policy, things will be different. ThE' Ohurch can help forward the day of freedom and the acknowledgment of God's love, not by political intrigue hut by preaching the Gospel of peace, goodwill and righteousness.

Japan is today facing a crisis. Never before did the nation face such a critical period, according to the judgment of General Hibiki, a prominent Ohristian and member of the Presbyterian Ohurch who has recently returned from France. General Hibiki believes that the religious and spiritual welfare of his people hangs in the balance, with great opportunity for evangelical awakenings. He asks America to send her strongest Ohristian speakers to reach the intellectual classes of the Empire through lectures on Christian theology and practical experience, to cover periods of one or two months. He also is anxious to mobilize the strongest native leaders and send them about from center to center. The Allied nations have had their great financial drives to enable them to provide the sinews of war. Is it not fitting that the Churc,h unite in a great spiritual drive to mobilize the spiritual forces in .Japan and enable them to meet successfully the temptations that come with military victory and material prosperity~ .Japan's great need is for Christian character and this can only be had through the indwelling of Jesus Christ in the individual Japanese. The non-Christian leaders in Japan realize the need of strength of character and purity of ideals in education, business and politics, but most of them do not know the secret of such character. The nation's successes and the virtues of the people in- . crE'ase the difficulty of leading them to see the supreme importance of spiritual life in Christ. This is the opportunity of the Christian Ohurch.

THE SHANTUNG AWARD AND MISSIONS F ROM a purely missionary point of view it may matter little what nation has political control of a given territory or people. The work of establishing the Ohristian Ohurch was no doubt better carried forward in Apostolic days, under the militaristic and materialistic government of Rome, than it would have been under the more idealistic rule of GreE'ce or the more religious domination of the Hebrews. So, today, it is not primarily a missionary question whether British or French, American, Chinese or Japanese power shall be in temporal control of any corner of the globe. Anyone of these governments may establish order and promotf' eivilization. But it is of great importance

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

whether the political "powers that be" mete out impartial justice and guarantee freedom from oppression, and whether they arc controlled by high ideals that make possible enlightenment, peace and liberty of conscience and worship. These are essential for the progress of Christianity and for the welfare of humanity. Thl' Christian Church recognizes God as the one Supreme Ruler, and while Christians acknowledge that, "the powers that be are ordained of God," they hold that only these governments are right, or have a right to exist, that conform to the laws of God. Men owe allegiance to the State, but the requirements of the State must not conflict with man's duty to God.

While the Japanese occupation of Shantung is not in itself a matter of special concern to the missionaries, the administration of justice, freedom from oppression and vice, the enjoyment of full liberty under Japanese or any other rule, is a matter of deep concern to all interested in the progress of the Kingdom of God. Reports from Americans in Shantung state that there are many instances which seem to indicate that the Japanese are endeavoring to establish their authorHy there, not by enlightened mefuods of good government, education and mercy, but by arbitrary military force. The omnipresent spies are ruthlessly seeking to discover anti-Japanese propaganda, which the anthorities combat with a strong hand. Such things naturally create opposition, and, as onl' result, the school girls of Peking have issued a circular statingthat 200,000,000 women of China are interested in the fate of Shantung and will support the men in their fight for justice. There is also a well organized boycott of Japanese goods and money among Chinese in the province.

Unfortunately, also, the Japanese authorities seem to be manifesting in some ways their antagonism to Christian missions and their lack of sympathy with Christian ideals. A correspondent writes: "Our (mission) work is quite broken up; evangelists ar0 nfrnid to preach, Chinese teachers fear to teach; people have their Bibles seized; the populace is enraged and terrified." The authorities have recently expelled one of the Chinese Christian teachers in the Mission College at Tsinan for distributing patriotic pamphlets.

The Japanese people' have many excellent qualifications for conducting an enlightE'nE'd civil government, which might make any pE'ople welcome their cooperation in efforts to establish freedom find civilization. Three great faults are, however, manifest in their rule in Korea and in China. These cause unrest in thE' territory they control and awaken deep concern in the minds of all who seek to promote Christian civilization. First, Japanese dependence on military power and methods as the basis of peace iR coupled with hE'r large use of spies to diRcovef what she COll-

siders subversive movements. Second, Japan's suspicion and ignorance Qf Christianity leads her officrrs to count as treason the Christian teaching of the "Second Coming of Christ," lest His Kingdom should interfne with Japan's program. Third• . Japan's secret and selfish diplomacy destroys confide nee in her sincerity and nohility of purpose as expressed in the public utter- ances of some of her statesmen. These faults would be as objec- tionable in any other nation, but they are especially injurious to the government that has recently become a "first-class power" and is seeking to establish a reputation for justice and enlightenment.

As a missionary correspondent in China writes : ' 'But for God and prayer the lovers of China would be in despair."

RECENT DISTURBANCES IN INDIA R EPORTS are only just beginning to come from India to show the gravity of some of the disturbances there. Rights and demonstrations have been numerous, especially in Mohammedan seclions like the Punjab. Some lives have been lost and conditions are critical. The spirit of unrest is general and the desire for self-government prevails; but while the British are committed to some rdorm measures, and will grant these as fast as the people show ability to profit by them, the agitations will probably delay for some years the granting of political reforms in India. The action of the mob in attacking Europeans and in destroying Government property has been strongly disapproved by Indians, especially the educated classes. This does not mean that the people are satisfied, but they recognise that the Government is [strong and is determined to maintain law and order, and therefore they advise quiet. The method adopted by the new Amir of Afghanistan to secure his throne by invading India may also have had a quieting influence, for no Indian wishes his country to be invaded by Afghans. The present outlook is brighter, and if the Government will bring forward their proposals for the government of the country in a practical form as soon as possihle it will be a great pacifier. The publication of the Act to confer additional powers on the people of India would give the people something upon which to exercise their minds and educate them in the principles of self-government. They would thus be diverted from anarchist and destructive idealS to consider constructive and practical methods of government. There is great need for a campaign to educate the masses of India politically. During the recent agitation the way in which the Government was misrepresented shows that evil and designing men misled the masses. The educated must help to form a true public opinion.

The Commission appointed to consider the franchise in India has practically reported in fllvor of "communal representation,"

for as long as people think only in terms of their caste or sectarian community, they cannot take broad national views. Communal representation is not however the ideal desired. – The Anglo-Indian press traces the cause of the trouble to Bolshevik activity, and the Indian pres,s traces it to the Oriminal Investigation Department, and what is called the Rowlatt Act. Dr. E. D. Lucas, Principal for Forman Christian College, Lahore, writes that in his opinion the real roots of the trouble are the economic dist'ress; the unjust enforcement of the recruiting laws amongst the peasantry; the extremist politicians who desire almost immediate home-rule; the great mass of inexperienced students in the large cities; an uneasy feeling that India will not get her just reward for having helped the British Government in the great war; the unwise propaganda against the Rowlatt Act and the unsympathetic actions of certain EngliJsh officials.

One Scene of the disturbance last April was Lahore, where the Forman Christian College students were involved with the students of other colleges in the city. Black banners, inscribed with patriotic sentiments, were carried in procassions, and when these students clashed with the police a number were slain. Shops we're closed and martial law was proclaimed. Forman Christian College buildings were occupied by British troops, other colleges were put under martial law, and one medical college was closed fOT five months. Dr. Lucas was requested to conduct an educational campaign to explain to the student class the nature of the Rowlatt Act, about which there wa:s much misunderstanding. A meeting was called of all principals of colleges and head maste'rs of schools in Lahore, and a very successful campaign of education was conducted.

One thing was made clear in Lahore-that the Christian influence of a mission college ha:s a restraining influence on disorder, and prepares the young men of India for responsible self-government. The impressionable and excitable students must be steadied and taught self-control, and must learn the principles of righteous- ness and good government.

A "NATION WIDE" EPISCOPAL CAMPAIGN A THREE-YEAR, spiritual educational and financial campaign is the program of the Protestant Episcopal Church to strengthen and consolidate its work in its present fields and for new tasks in hitherto uncultivated fields.

A large sum, running into the tens of millions of dollars, is to be raised in the three-year period, the larger share of which will be spent at home, but with a considerable amount left to further the work in foreign mission fields. In America, the money is to be used to further the Church's work among the immigrants, to obtain and train reoruits to carry out the increased work, to build up and

strengthen the churches materially, and to find a real substitute for the saloon. The underlying motive of the whole movement is a spiritual awakening through exerting the full spiritual power of the Church upon the whole, world-wide task now confronting it.

The campaign will be conducted on a national scate, and with, it is hoped, the united backing of every diocese and missionary di:s- trict, so that the final result will be a re-awakening of spiritual life in every branch of the Church organization. More than seventy- five of the Bishops have already endorsed the movement, and it is believed that the others will do so.

The purposes of the national campaign have been officially presented as follows: 1. To bring the spiritual power of the Church to bear upon the Church's whole task.

2. To secure and train an increased and adequate number of people for ChTistian leadership-clerical and lay.

3. In consultation with the proper authorities, to care for the financial needs of all the Provinces, Diocelses and Missionary Dis- tricts of a missionary, religious, educational or social service nature.

4. To care, on a yearly bwsis for three years, for the financial needs of all the General Boards, including such general agencies as the mrl's Friendly Society, the Church Periodical Club, etc.

Every general agency of the Church will be included-the Board of Missions,· the General Board of Religious Education and the Joint Commissions on Social Service; the two auxiliaries of the Board of Missions, the Woman'iS Auxilia>ry and the American Church Institute for Negroes; also such organization'S as the Brotherhood of St. Andrew, the Girls' Friendly Society, etc.

A survey will be made of all the work of the Episcopal Church at home and abroad, covering all departments of the work, to ascertain what work is now under way, how it can be improved and what new undertakings should be entered upon; committees will be formed in each Diocese to cooperate with the Bishop and with the national organization; and a combined budget will be made up, based upon the survey, covering all the needs of the geneTal agencies. and, if the Bishop approve, of each Diocese. Hence the exact amount to be raised through the national campaign cannot be told until the surveys are all in. An every member canvass will take place in the fall and in the meantime a program of education and inspiration will be carried on throughout the whole Church.

The campaign :Us in charge of the Campaign Executive Committee consisting of Bishop Arthur S. Lloyd, the Treasurer of the Board of Missions, Miss Grace Lindley, Rev. Dr. Robert W. Patton, National Directo'r, and Rev. R. Bland Mitchell, named as manager of the Central Office.

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TEAOHING MISSIONS TO MULTITUDES WHO would have conceived, a few years ago, of the possibility of inaugurating a mission study class of fifty or sixty thousand a day to cover a period of twenty-four days? Add to this the fact that the preparation for this class took many months, cost over one million dollars, and that the area covered by the demonstration was over one hundred acres. Add still further to the program that for this mission study, men and women were brought from all over the world, that government officials, statesmen and business men, professors, philanthropistf', bishops, missionaries, secretaries and pastors wore the teachers. Yet this gives only a slight conception of what has been actually done by one denomination-or twins-at the Methodist Oentenary celebration, which was held at Oolumbus, Ohio, from June 20th to July 13th, inclusive.

This celebration partook of the character of a Missionary World's Fair, a visit to most of the mission fields of the world (home and foreign), a gigantic mission study class and a demonstration of what Ol1ristian missions have done and are doing for mankind. Over 10,000 people were employed in connection with this missionary exhibition. They included one thousand boys, who acted as Oentenary Oadets, over four thousand demonstrators and lecturers for the exhibits, and a chorus, orchestra and performers in the pageant numbering over 2,000. The attendance was from 20,000 to 75,000 a day, and one who wished to study the whole exhibition and hear all the lectures would require at least fifteen days.

Several remarkable features of the celebration should be noted. First, it was wonderfully well organized under the direction of Dr. S. Earl Taylor, Dr. Fred B. Fisher, Mr. H. B. Dickson and the various heads of departments. One whole huilding was devoted to the administrative offices.

Second, the magnitude of the undertaking was remarkable. There were thousands of men and women giving their whole time to the work. There were huge buildings-one seating over 8,000 peopJe-and a grandstand with larger capacity. The huge screen for open air stereopticon pictures measured over one hundred feet in diameter and human figures thrown on it were over twenty feet tall. Great buildings were devoted to exhibits from various countries and the painted scenery reproduced wit h remarkable 647

exactness the setting of mission work in other lands. The daiJy official program noted some two hundred or more events and the Ohio State Journal devoted four pages daily to an illustrated supplement under the editorship of Rev. Charles Stelzle.

Third, there WB:S a wonderful variety in the methods of instruction. The pageant gave an artistic and dramatic demonstration of the purpose and power of Christianity; the history and habits of the peoples of every nation and tongue were shown in curios, models, charts and pictures. Houses, temples, shops, restaurants and streets were reproduced in lifelike character and proportions. There were motion pictures, demonstrations, tableaux and lectures to explain the customs in various lands and the methods of missionary work. In the North Africa section there was a daily debate between a missionary and a Moslem to show the arguments for and against Christianity. There were contrasts-as in Chinashowing the native method of treating disease with iron needles and disgusting potions as compared to the methods of modern science. There were the mission chapels in each country, in which sample misHion services were conducted.

Fourth, each mission field was shown by unique methods and exhibits. China had its mission hospital and its large temples of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism. India had its bathing ghats of Benares, its heathen temple, schools, homes of high and low caste, and its marriage scenes and mission work. Japan had its garden with bridge, waterfall and torii j its kindergarten, with real Japanese children, and its houses and shops. Malaysia had its Malay and Borneo houses, its mechanical model of a Filipino mountain village. Latin America was rich in churches, homes of the peon and the aristocrat, and Aztec scenes. Central Africa had its.kraal with stockade and a dozen huts, with women grinding corn, and men beating the drum, while North Africa showed the Moorish village, harem, bazaar, camel and other life touches. Europe showed the areas devastated by war and the plans for reconstruction. Norih America contained Eskimo huts, Indian tepees, homes of southern mountaineers, a miniature Ellis Island, a model community church and countless other attractions. But, aside from the lectures by missionaries, the most impressive feature of the exhibition to those who knew their significall(=" was the number of native Christians drawn together as followers of Christ from almost every nation under Heaven. There were American Indians, once ignorant blanket warriors, now Christian preachers; and black faced Africans, whose hearts have been made white and whose minds have been educated; there were Filipino Christians, men and women, with beautiful faces; there were Chinese, Japanese and Koreans, all living and working together in harmony. Men and women from India and Burma showed the power of God

EDITORIAL COMMENT

to transform worshippers of Vishnu and Buddha, and to bring all castes and people into one family.

This exhibition by one dwomination shows what might be accomplished in a united demonstration. Many features failed to do more than interest or amuse, and some were valueless from a missionary standpoint, but most of the exhibits were highly instructive and could not fail to make a lasting impression. There is danger in over e,mphasizing the novel and the dramatic in missionary work, but eye-gate and ear-gate, are twin entrances to the brains and hearts of men. Duty must not be neglected because it is uninteresting, but neither need a vision or a task be considered less spiritual and diviIH~ because it is made attractive.

THE CHURCHES AND THE INTERCHURCH T HE SUCCESS of the Interchurch World Movement will depend, first, on the nearness of its ideals and plans to the program of God; second, on the spiritual emphasis and power in each department of the work; third; on the sanity, energy, and Christ-likeness of the leaders; and fourth, on the extent and heartiness of the cooperation of various sections of the Christian Church. The first means right aims; the second, real power; the third, satisfactory machinery; and the fourth, the necessary sinews of war-both men and money.

The ideals of the Movement have been clearly defined and effective machinery is being set up and put in operation. It is the other two factors that are not yet fully determined. 'The Movement was inaugurated by Church leaders and has been approved by some seventy official denominational and interchurch boards, including home and foreign missionary and educational agencies; interdenominational organizations, such as the Bible Society, the Tract Society, the Y. M. C. A., Y. W. C. A., Y. P. S. C. E. and the Laymen's and MisHionary Education Movement. These have all expressed approval. though the real relation of the interchurch program to the nOll-denominational organizations is not yet determined. It is not certain, for instance, whether the Y. M. C. A. will be officially related or how close will be the cooperation of such missionary agencies as the China Inland Mission, the Christian and Missionary Alliance and independent Christian workers in city, home and foreign fields. Their work cannot be ignored in any world program, but they are not denominational societies. , The following reports show the official action taken by some of the denominational bodies and indicate their attitude toward the Movement.

The Seventh Day Baptist general conference was to meet August 19-25th and to reach some decision on its relation to the

movement. Concerning this a further announcement will be made later.

The Northern Baptist Convention assembled in Denver last May and adopted the following resolutions in regard to the Movement: "Resolved, That the Northern Baptist Convention, reaffirming the im- perative duty of. Baptists to bear full testimony to the full truth in Jesus Christ as they find it taught in the New Tesament, and recognizing the right of each local church to determine its own duty without dictation or control by any outside human authority, expresses its readiness to cooperate in the Interchurch World Movement of North America on the following condi- tions: "First, that we be represented in the joint survey of the home and for- etgn fields by members of our denomination appointed by the denomination, and while giving careful consideration to the report of such survey, we reserve unimpaired the freedom to follow our own convictions of truth and the leadings of divine Providence.

Second, that a joint campaign of information and inspiration be con- ducted for the promotion of stewardship.

"Third, that a simultaneous financial campaign be promoted in which each denomination shall present its own budget to its own constituency, secure its own pledges, collect the same, and administer its own program of expansion.

"Fourth, that the Baptists who are officers of the Interchurch World Movement, members of its Executive Committee and of its General Com- mittee be selected by the Northern Baptist Convention.

Fifth, that in our cooperation with the Interchurch World Movement we act through the General Board of Promotion of the Northern Baptist Convention. It is assumed that the State Conventions will act through their respective State organizations.

Sixth, that evangelical denominational bodies only be represented in the Interchurch World Movement.

"Seventh, that the Interchurch World Movement do not promote organic union of denominations or of local churches, or the establishment of local church federations, or non-denominational churches. .

"Eighth, that the literature and promotion methods of the Interchurch World Movement be not in contravention of these principles, and that we reserve the right to supplement the literature of the Movement by literature prepared by our own denomination."

This action was a compromise between those who would have been ready for unreserved and complete cooperation and a considerable number who prefer no relation to the Movement whatever. Some local experiences with nominal federation efforts had created complications and caused prejudice against the Movement. Many prefer to restrict the financial appeal to organize church activities because of a fear that the simultane,ous appeal to the same persons for several distinct causes would not produce the best results. Since the Baptist churches are congregational in government, the vote of the Convention will have no more authority with the individual churches than each ·wishes to accord to it.

The Congregational Churches have not yet taken official action

through their National Coullcil, but the Commission on Missions and the various home, foreign, educational and Sunday-school boards have voted to cooperatf'. Some changes may be made in view of the action of the Baptists and Presbyterians.

.The National Baptist Convention (colored) is to meet in Newark, N. J., on September tenth and will then take final action on the subject. It is expected that the Convention will vote to cooperate with the Movement.

The Disciples of Christ have had no convention to act upon th(~ question of participation, but the missionary boards have entered pnthusiastically into the program.

The Christian Church in its quadrennial convention at Conneaut, Ohio, in A.pril, "endorsed the purposes and aim of the Movement and pledged its hearty cooperation."

The American Friends, through the executive committee of the Five Years Meetings, expressed sympathy and unity with the Movement and the determination to cooperate fully. The details were left to a Forward Movement Committee. Other ]1~riends boards have also expressed hearty approval.

The Lutheran Church has not yet taken definite action, as their general convention has not convened.

The Methodist Episcopal Church has heartily endorsed the Movement through the action of its various boards and Bishops, and has furnished much of the fundS, the men and the machinery to inaugurate the work. They have, however, recently completed a successful campaign in which they secured pledges for about $100,- 000,000 for the work of the Church, at home and abroad, in the next five years. The General Oonvention will not meet until 1920.

The Methodist Episcopal Church, South, has taken Mtion through the annual meeting of the Board of Missions as follows: "The Methodist Episcopal Church, South, has always stood for the most hearty cooperation between all evangelical churches, and we stand ready to cooperate in every practical way with those who have in hand this Movement in the interest of closer relationship between the churches of Ohrist in America; "But in view of the fact that we, as a Church, have just completed our Centenary Drive, we do not see our way clear to participate in another drive for funds such as is contemplated by the Interchurch W orId Movement.

"However, we offer to the leaders of this Movement the benefIt of our experience in organization and methods and the results of all onr various surveys; and we declare our willingness to cooperate in a more extended and minute survey of religious conditions in the United States and in foreign fields, and we recommend that our secretaries be instl'Ucted to prepare for and enter

upon such cooperation in consultation with the executive committee of this Board."

The African lliethodist Episcopal Church expresses sympathy with the Movement, but have not thus far taktn any definite action.

The Methodist Protestant Chrurch has not yet been able to act, as the general conference will not be held until uext year. The officials of the church boards, hav~, however, expressed approval of the Movement and have voted to cooperate. They are in the midst of a quadrennial campaign for missions and education. The officials are opposed to organic union with other denominations.

The United Brethren in Christ have not held any meeting of the general conference, but the executive committees of the various Boards of the church have voted to cooperate in the Movement, but to what extent has not been considered.

The Moravians, through the directors of the Society for Prol1<1sating the Gospel, have heartily endorsed the Movement ami expressed approval of it and willingness to cooperate, provided it does not involve them in preliminary budget and overhead expenses out of proportion to any financial returns which may be reasonably expected from the Moravian constituency; and provided further, that it is clearly understood that it is impossible to determine accurately Moravian responsibilities in the foreign field until it is known whether or not Moravian missions can be administered internationally as before the war.

The PTOtesiani Episcopal Church is not able, through its Board of Missions, to cooperate with the Interchurch Vorld Movement. The Board is, however, keenly interested and has commended the Movement to the consideration of the Bishops. An "Every Name Campaign" is now being promoted in the Church, and the resulting survey, with recommendations, will be submitted to the next general convention.

The PI'esbyterian Ch~trch (North) voted at the general assembly in St. Louis, last May, to commit the whole question of cooperation with the Movement to the executive commission of the assembly, with power to act within the limits of five principles, namely: (1) That the cooperative movement, as above specified, be one of agencies of evangdical churches. (This specification rules out non-evangelical churches and non-ecclesiastical organizations.) (2) That in the proposed cooperation, the Presbyterian Church shall function through its committee on the New Era Mowment.

(3) That the cooperation shall involve the following features: (a) a common survey of the home and foreign fir Ids; (b) a united ~ropaganda to reach the whole Protestant Church of North America in (;lducational and inspirational campaigns; (c) a simul-

1I1l~1 EDITORIAL COMMENT

taneous campaign to realize the budgets; (d) a full presentation to the Interchurch Movemrnt of the Presbyterian budget for all the boards and agencies as approved by the exeC'utive commission.

(4) That the cooperation shall be upon the condition that funds raised by the Presbyterian churches and agencies shall be paid to and distributed through the regular channels of the Presbyterian Church..

(5) That no financial obligations for the administrative expenses of the Interchurch Movement shall be incurred by any of our boards or agencies without the authorization of the general assembly or its executive commission.

"There the matter rests for the present as far as the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. is concerned. The executive commission is thus left free to proceed to cooperation within the ahovespecified principles. It is also left free to do nothing, if that seems to be the wise course. The Presbyterian Church is waiting for fuller information, but desires to cooperate with every organization laboring for the coming Kingdom of Christ."

The Presbyterian Church (South) also took action, at its general assembly in May, expressing gratification and approval of the Movement, endorsed the action of the executive committee, and votrd to cooperate, provided that such action would not interfere with the denominational program on foot to secure $12,000,000 fo~ benevolrnces. Plans for participation in the Movement was re-. ferred to the general assE'mbly's stewardship committee.

The United Presbyterian Church at its General Assembly recommended: "That the Assemhly approve the full cooperation of our Church with the Interchurch World Movement in its proposed campaign, in so far as it may not interfere with the recognized missionary and financial policies and methods of the United Presbyterian Church, and on condition that a lar~e majority of the principal denominations agree to cooperate in this Movement."

The Reformed Church in America, at its general synod in June, adopted the following resolution: Resolved, That we set the seal of our sympathetic endorsement upon the Movement. . . . . . and that we empower the Boards of our Church and the Progress Campaign Committee to cooperate with the Interchurch Movement in so far as they can do so in harmony with their work."

This action was intended to express the sympathy of the denomination with the Movement and to give the boards liberty of action in developing their cooperation with the Movement, which would be essrntial to the plans already adopted by these boards.. A Reformed Church Progress Campaign is now fully under way.

The Rf'formed Chtlren in the 1'nitcd States took definite action when the Board of ForE'ign MissionI', at its annual meeting held

last February, "gave its hearty f'ndorsement to the plan of the Interchurch World Movement," and when the general synod endorsed the Movement last March and "offered cooperation. " These two actions are interpreted to mean that the Reformed Ohurch "regards the Interchurch Vorld Movement as a united effort to lift to a higher plane the entire work of the Ohurch of Ohrist. There seems to be a practical unanimity as to the need @f such a Movement in order to carry to a successful issue the smaller movements in the several denominations." A forward movement has been authorized by the general synod with a goal of $6,000,000 for the boards and institutions of the Ohurch.

JAPAN AND THE KOREAN REVOLUTION W E PUBLISH this month various statements relating to the distressing situation in Korea. Baron Goto's address delivered in New York speaks a word in behalf of the Japanese Government; a Japanese Ohristian viewpoint, is found iu an article published in the Japanese press, and other quotations are given from missionaries and eye witnesses in Ohosen. We have purposely omitted the most extreme and bitter reports and denunciations of Japan issued by Koreans connected with the In- . dependence Movement. The evidence presented is convincing that the Japanese anthorities in Korea have been cruel and inhuman in their treatment of the Korean men and women whose only crime was an earnest desire for freedom. These Koreans were unarmed and for the most part confined their riots to the shouting of "Manzai," the closing of shops, and peaceful demonstrations in the streets. It is reported that a thousand people have been killed and six thousand imprisoned.

While Korean Ohristians have naturally been connected with the demonstrations, as lovers of liberty and leaders in reform mov('- ments, they have counseled moderation and peaceful measures. They have been ready to suffer with courage, but have sought to prevent violence. In spite of this, the Japanese have seemed to be especially bitter against the Ohristians and in one instance at least are reported to have gathered the Ohristian men in a .church, to have slain them and then set fire to the whole village.

The situation is still critical. While the active demonstrations have ceased and the most violent repressive measures of the Japanese government have been discontinued, the spirit of unrest prevails. Schools have been closed since March because teachers and pupils in many places refused to attend. Church services haY<.' been discontinued because of Japanese terrorism, and shops were only kept open under threat of the gendarmes.

The missionaries have kept aloof from the political phases of the disturbance, but as men and women with heart and conscienc('.

1919J EDITORIAL COMMENT

they could not stand idly by and see, without r~IDOnstrtlnoo, unanned old men and children shot, bayonetted and clubbed, young girls and· women stripped and abused by the police and every kind of indignity and abuse jnflicted on the people, to whom the missionaries are devoting their lives. They are in peculiar need of our prayers for, while they do not consider themselves in personal danger, their position is one of extraordinary difficulty.

Energetic measures have been taken by American Christians to put an e·nd to the maltreatment of Koreans. The missionaries in Ohosen have appealed to local Japanese authorities and before the Governor-General, and have sent a delegation to Japan to lay the matter before the government. In America, the Federal Oouncil of Ohurches, through its "Committee on Oriental Relationships," has made representations to the Japanese ambassador at Washington and direct to Premier Hara in Tokyo. Some publicity has been given to the affair in the press, but the great mass of evidence has not yet been made public.

The chief cause of the trouble seems to be the failure of Japan to give Korea a civil government, or to put into operation a system which could ,yin the respect and cooperation of the Koreans. The milita,ry party in Japan, which has been in control in Korea, has been characterized by the same system and ideals that have brought German militarism into disrepute. The Japanese have not Christian ideals and have ruled Koreans with an iron hand. Many of the officials in Chosen have feared and hated the Christian Church. Thev have not understood the Korean language, nor their ideals, "and have endeavored to force upon their wards Japanese milita,ry ideals and institutions. If peace and prosperity are coming to Korea there must be a change in the Japanese policy. The Honorable Yukio Ozaki, formerly mayor of Tokyo, Minister of Education and Minister of Justice in Marquis Okuma's cabinet, has disapproved of the militaristic policy in Korea and has expressed the opinion that the time has corne when "Korpans must be given a stronger voice in their government."

Word has just been received (August 21) to the effect that Japan will immediately replace the military by a civil government in Chosen, and will establish other reforms to benefit the Koreans. Among these reforms are the abolition of all distinction between Japanese and Koreans, politically, socially and otherwise. The military governor is to be replaced by a civil g-overnor, Baron Saito, and a Director-General, Mr. Midzuno, both civilians.

The proposed reforms do not satisfy the Independence Party in Korea, who declare that nothing short of self-determination will bring peace in Chosen. The Koreans are skeptical as to the beneficent character of the changes. Friends of Japan and of Korea hope, however, that a right solution of the trouble is in sight.~Editor.

Will of God for the

A MISSIONARY BIBLE STUDY BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, LL. D.

"Then said I, La I am come; in the roll of the book it is written of me I delight to do Thy will 0 my God"-Psalm 40: 7,8. (Cf. Heb. 10:7).

"After this 11Ulnner therefore pray.ye: Our Father ….. . Thy will be done"-Matt. 6:10.

"The good and acceptable and perfect will "of God"-Rom. 12:2 "Making known unto us the mystery of His will according to His good pleasure which He purposed in Him unto a dispensation of the fullness of time to sum up all things in Christ …… who worketh all things after the counsel of His will"-Eph. 1 :9-11. _ T HE NEW TESTAMEN'I' iutcrpretation of Psalm 40 shows that the Incarnation was the glad fulfilment of God's will. Christ came from heaven to do the will of God (.Tohn 6:38). That will for the world, as wen as for the individual, is good in its origin; acceptable in its working to those who love God, and per- fect in its final result. When we know God's will for the world we also know it for ourselves. Study the use of the word world, for example, in the prayer of our Lord in the seventeenth chapter of John's Gospel.

The only thing that really matters for a Christian is the will of God. It is supreme. It is the only clue in the maze of cir- cumstance. Nothing can shake the faith or zeal of the man who knows it. "He that doeth the will of God abideth forever."

We know God's will for the world: 1. By His eternal purpose to save a lost world. John 3:16. 2. By His definite command, repeated in Christ's fourfold com- mission. Matt. 28 :19, 20 j Mark 16 :15 ; John 20 :21; Acts 1 :8. 3. By His gracious promises, which, like the blue-prints of the architect, show the glory of the palace that is to he. Its elevation, its four-square foundation, its many mansions, its golden beauty. God will sum up all things in Christ. Every tongue will confess Him and His glory will flood the earth. Isaiah 60: Psalm 72. 4. By His character. God's truth must overcome all error and burn the falsehood from the souls of men. God's purity can not tolerate moral sepsis in His world. God's compassion shows us how to look upon all human. sin and sorrow and shame. 5. By His Providence. "Thy will be done on earth." If you would know God's will for the world look around at the new day that is dawning. The crisis calls for courage. The· open doors , beckon, the closed doors challenge. God is, unmistakably, working out His purpose for the world. Shall we fail Him T 6. By His disciples and the program before them. Paul said, "Be ye followers of me, as dear children." The glorious company of the apostles.. the noble army of martyrs, the holy church. througbout all thc' world-what is thc'ir program "I Follow after.

656

Statesman on Christian

BY BARON SHIMPEI GOTO, TOKYO, JAPAN From an address delivered by Baron Gala at a dinner given to him by the Presby- terian Board of Foreign Missions in New York last J""e.

I EMBHACE this opportunity to speak of three points re- garding Christian missionary work in Japan. (1) What Chris- tianity has done in Japan. (2) What Japan has done for Chris- tianity, or rather our attitude towards it. (3) What I hope missionaries may do for our people.

The work of Christian mis- sions in Japan has not been properly recognized by our pub- lic men. This is not so much from lack of appreciation on their part as from the fact that ''ork of a religious character is necessarily wrought in silenc€'

and privacy. If full justice is impossible, we can still bear wit- BARON SHIMPEI GOTO ness to such labors as were not hidden under a bushel, but have been as lights shining before men.

In no field of activity, 01' enterprise, have missionaries accom- plished more than in that of education. At ll'ast to a layman this has been most apparent. In the early seventies when our govern- ment and people were engrossed in readjustment, both at home and in foreign relations, and you could pay but scant attention to the all important question of education, missionaries rendered inestimable service, espEcially in the lines then most neglected by us-the education of women and of the poor. Even after our school system was more or less perfected, they continued to make good deficiencies in our general scheme of instruction. We own, with no small sense of shame, that the country cannot satisfy all the demands for education among our own people.

Among the late Emperor's five articles of oath, which were practically the Magna Charta of new Japan, it was stated that the low, as well as the high, should have their desires satisfied, and no desire has been stronger with both than that for education. This, of course, not only means the expansion of the soul, but the less spiritual opening of careers. The government has by no means

neglected its schools, but has llE'V(f been able to keep pace with the growing needs. Only last spring Parliament voted some 40,000,000 yen and the Emperor gave out of his own private purse 10,000,000 yen mon~ for the el'('ction of higher institutions of learning. Even then the intellectual demands of young Japan cannot be adequately met. W emust for some time depend upon private enterprise and upon missionary efforts to remedy the insufficiency. As to the education of women, missionaries have been pioneers in our country.

But missionary activities are in no way confined to strictly religious and educational lines. What they have done and are doing in the :(ield of philanthropy is comparatively little known. As I have myself always been interested in public charities, I have watched with peculiar interest the development of Christian effort in this line. The many institutions connected with church organizations, started with the purpose of assisting the poor, of comforting widows and orphans, are innumerable. Their endeavor to overcome moral and physical degradation-such as prostitution on one hand and tuberculosis on the other-may well serve as an example. The Salvation Army is constantly widening its sphere of work, while the Young Men's Christian Association and Young Women's Christian Association are contributing a valuable quota to the uplifting of our youth and the amelioration of social miseries.

I am well aware that with all that Americans may have achieved in education and philanthropy, they are not satisfied unless they have at the same time brought our people to Christ. Some years ago, the Salvation Army inaugurated the slogan-"Japan for Christ," and some charged them with the desire to upset the reigning dynasty. I could but laugh at their unnecessary fear for I know that the Kingdom of God, which you Christians preach, is not to be confused with principalities and powers.

I have always in my official career shown my sympathy for Christian missions. As far as I see, there need be no conflict between Christian teaching and our nationalistic idea, as long as no attempt is made to interfere with the political regime. In fact, I am wondering whether the idea of God, as Lord of lords and King of kings, will not find more congenial acknowledgment among the subjects of monarchies than among the citizens of republics.

However that may be, you will give credit to Japan for the liberal attitude she has taken towards Christianity. If she has not welcomed a strange religion, she has not shut the door in its face. We have put no obstacle in the way of missionary progress. Having no state religion, we have put no disabilities on any form of faith. The Constitution has clearly guaranteed religious freedom. The Jesuits, who are not tolerated in many countries, have lately

A JAPANESE S,!'ATESMAN ON CHRISTIAN MISSIO~S

been coming to Japan, and we have placed no barrier to their efforts as long as tlwy refrain from political intrigues. A country that has ill the past thousand years tolerated every sort of alien philosophy and religion, be it Buddhism, 'raoism, Confucianism, still consistently goes on without meddling with individual conscience and faith. If at one. time there was persecution, it was because of political danger incited by a certain profession of faith, and not on account of theological nonconformity.

About two decades ago, there was great concern expressed among missionary boards in regard to our educational laws, lest they should prove hostile to their enterprise. I believe it did not take long to convince them that there was no obstacle to Christian activity in the said la,v". A similar law in Korea created similar anxiety, but this, too, disappeared in a short time. The letter of the law may sometimes sound severe. Does not the Bible itself speak of the letter and the spirit of the law, as two distinct things-the letter killing and the spirit saving? Laws and statutes are necessarily carnal, they are of the earth, earthy. Spiritual concerns are beyond the pale of their authority and they will not intrude into the sacred precincts of religion. Conversely, it will little profit a religious hody to encroach upon the domain of politics. "Render unto Caesar the things which are Caesar's."

. Ever since my arrival in America, I have heard much of socalled Korean massacres. While T have no official report on the incidents, I am m.ost sincerely grieved to heal' of any thing which may give ground for reflection on our rule of Korea. I have some comfort left in thinking that when the alleged cases of maltreatment are thoroughly ('xamined, we shall find them as much exaggerated as were the stories of "water-cure," which was said to have been practiced in the Philippines, but which we were afterwards relieved to heal' were not so shocking as at first reported. If a degree of harshness was inflicted upon those who participated in the Korean riots, this was not intended as an anti-Christian measure. Insurrection must be punished and it makes no difference whether that insurrection is perpetrated by Christians or Buddhists or whatever religionists. As a matter of fact, a very conspicuous part in the late insurrection was played hy a native quasi-religious body which is opposed to Christianity.

I do not know when the time may come that the parliaments of the nations will frame their laws in consonance with the Golden Rule, when mankind shall be ruled by the precepts of Christ. I would be among the first to hail the coming of such a time, but I regret to say I do not see any signs of its near approach. Nevertheless, I believe it must come. It hides as yet far up among the clouds or lies deep down in our breast. I wish to say that without religion it will never be fully reaJizf'd, though I confess I am often be-

wildered by a list of names which may mean everything or nothing or anything-God, Truth, the Iufinite, the First Cause.

Laotze says, "The Name that can be named is not the Eternal Name. The Way that can be way€d, is not the Eternal Way." Infinite wisdom is beyond the human power to comprehend. I sometimes feel that I catch sight of such a Being; for .only at odd moments does He reveal Himself to the inner sight. And yet-all honest and earnest souls must at times feel the presence of such Power.

The oriental mind is vague and abstract. Christianity has been presented to us in so concrete, definite and exact a form, that it has been unacceptable to us. I have read the New Testament and I have sometimes wondered how Christianity came to assume its present form, and thfn I begin to doubt whether this is its final form. Christianity, like any organic body, will, under varying conditions, take forms fit for the time and place of its work. It may thus become more local in color; but the universal and the infinite can best manifest itself in the finite, definite, in order to be comprehended by beings that are themselves limited in power.

The Great Being has been speaking to us in different languages. He has been manifesting Himsf'lf 10m in rli fff'rrnt forms. Shuffie off the raiment in which He is clothrd by fantasy and custom of belief, will He not reveal Himself as Universal Light, as Father of all good, the Fountain of all mercy rnd justicf'-to accept whom is Life and to rejrct whom is Death ~ I shall not preach-it is not my purpose to do so. I have uttered a little of my heart to show you that I am "almost persuaded," and I know that in this respect I represent many of my compatriots. By a slight change in the interpretation and presentation of the teachings of Christ you will open a wide door for the wandering sheep, and I wish to know if Christianity, like so many other beliefs, will see some adjustments as the result of the impending world reconstruction. May the New Age thus pave a New Way for the nations of the earth to come closer in faith and hope, and, above all, in charity.

Looking towards the future, I feel justified in saying that Cht·istianity in Japan will be in safe hands-that in the hands of Japanese disciples the teachings of Christ will not degenerate or decay, but will remain vital and potent through centuries to come. . . . It would be preposterous for me to say that the Japanese will make any improvement upon the Christianity of the West-the Christianity which you of the West have introduced to us. I am, however, quite confident that Christianity, once introduced into Japan, will never decay or decline, but will always remain a living faith.

Emergency in

BY REV. TAKASHI SUZUKI This is a lapanese Christian viewpoint of the disturbances in Korea, printed in the Fukuin Shimpo, May 15, 1919. Most of the facts have, however, been kept from the lapanese press.

T HE DISTURBANCES will be suppressed. What cannot be suppressed is the spirit of the Chosenese, their anti-Japanese thoughts. What should be done about these thoughts and feelings 1 The sources of the ideas are deep and rrmote.

The distant causes are: (1) the historical feeling of contempt for Japan; (2) the enmity due to the TVako (Japanese invasion during the Ashikaga period); (3) the enmity due to the Hotaiko invasion (under Hideyoshi).

The near causes are: (1) opposition to annexation; (2) opposition to Japan's selfish imperialism; (3) political dissatisfaction; (4) financial unrest; (5) opposition to bad treatment socially; (6) disapproval of .Japanese morals.

Of the above causes I comdder .Japanese selfish imperialism the most important. Of all bad governments, that by a Governor- General or Vicerov is considrred the worst. Is it not a fact that not only in Chosr-it, but in China, in America, in Australia, everywhere, this selfish imperialism of Japan has as its shadow the so-called anti-Japanese sentiment ~ Before we hate the shadow it is necessary to look at ourselves. The ideals and principles under which Japan has gone forward are exprl'ssed in the familiar phrases, "Shed the national glory abroad;" "greatly extend our territory;" "rule the world;" and other such expressions. The result is that our neighbors have become anti-Japanese and today on all sides barriers, invited by ourselves, are being raised against us.

Chosl'nese are human beings. They have their national prine, their love of native land. .Tapanese have no monopoly of patriotism. With our shameless swagger and brandishing of "Japanism" how can we quiet their opposition 7 If we do not get rid of this spirit and take our stand upon conduct growing out of the love which "loves the neighbor as onesf'lf" I do not think we can long hold our position as lord of the East.

For example, in school the:> blood of our youth is made to boil (with patriotic fervor) whpn they hear of the Wako invasion and the later subjugation of Chosen. But when one goes to Chosen, he finds that all this was merely sowing the seeds of hatred against Japan. Thifl was to be exppcted. In the TVako invasion the entire roast WIlS ravagpd. the housps burnt, the people killed and their g'oods plundered. The Ja.panese were feared more than tigers.

MI

And in the later punitive expedition the whole land was swept by fire. ~y this invasion, Chosen was so impoverished that she has never recovered. The Chosenese cannot but hate Japan.

And yet the educational policy of Japan has never changed, but goes on just as it was ten and twenty years ago, never getting away from this selfish imperialism. In ethical training, in history, in school readers, in school songs, the old ideals of culture in patriotism permeate the entire system. The patriotism taught is an indiscriminating, Japan-centered, materialistic patriotism which knows of the existence of Japan, but is blindly ignorant of the existence of other nations. The result is the production of a race of people which is very unsuitable for colonization abroad. In Chosen the Japanese who are there, even the women and children, know how to swagger, but they do not know love. They know how to take away, but not how to give. They put on high-spirited airs as they seem to say, "I am a Japanese. Why don't you bow down before me ~" But they know nothing of the moral principle, "He that would be great among you, let him be your servant." On the contrary they seem to think that Yamato Damashii (Japanese spirit) must act on the principle, "He who is chief shall exercise authority," and that the Chosenese are to be suppressed and trampled upon. Consequently wherever the Chosenese go, to market or to the public offices, they find no place where they are loved by the Japanese. They always feel that they are being trodden upon, teased, made fools of and tyrannized over.

The Chosenese are opposed to the fact of annexation itself. Thev are also dissatisfied because the Government-General is full of iinperfections. Th€y also feel that the Japanese ought to 1w expelled because of the oppression of Japanese capitalists Who seize their lands and keep all the profits from their exploitations. But these causes of discontent affect only part of the people. The thing which affects every Chosenese is the social mistreatment thC'y receive. This is why the present disturbance has spread like a conflagration through the entire land. But the fundamental cause is the poisoq of imperialism. It is the inevitable consequence of the educational policy pursued in our schools and military institutions. Hence, any attempt at good gOVE'rnment through the Government-General will be futile. There m,ttst be a change in the essentia~ character of the Japanese people.

IMMORALITY OF JAPANESE IN CHOSEN Next, consider the moral character of the Japanese residents in Chosen. Of course, there are not wanting among them persons of :splendid cliaracter, but when we speak of the great body of them, we have not a few things to regret. The great majority of them do not fear God nor know ~hame. They have no ideals higher than

THE EMERGENCY IN CHOSEN

making money. Consequently, there are no limits to the wickedness practiced by great numbers of them in dealing with the ignorant, poor Chosenese. Even in the homeland the low standard of commercial morality is a very troublesome question, but it is intolerable that this low class supply the representatives of Japan. It is their dishonestv which has caused Americans to look down on the Japanese. Fa; example, when Americans give orders to Chinese or Chosenese workmen under a guarantee that the goods will last three years, they do last three years. Japanese workmen, on the other hand, will aceept the high price for three year goods and then run off to other parts, having supplied goods which do not last even a year, boasting withal, that they have" got ahead of the keto" (contemptuous term for "foreigners"). Merchants use false weights and measures.. And since the coming of the Japanese the morals of the Chosenese have deteriorated also. Chosenese merchants recently have hegun to use false weights and measures.

Coming to morality between the sexes, we can by no means say that the Chosenese are high in this regard. But certainly they are not like the Japanese, who seem to "glory in their shame." Truly the licentiousness and ahandonment of our countrympn is inexpressibly deplorable. Spnsuality is widespread, even in country places. There are not a few places where prostitutes number a tenth of the population. At banquets and public gatherings the conditions are shocking. They consider this one of the privileges of life in a colony. Once, when I was taking a train at a certain station, a number of people came noisily after me. On looking around, I saw a divisional chief of the local government, and a chief of police, each being carried in the arms of several prostitutes as they swayed from side to side, with their official sword dragging, reeling drunkenly to the train which finally they boarded, or rather were pushed aboard.

Such being the condition of affairs how can we secure the respect of the Chospnese 1 We want the Chosenese to love Japan. But have we any affection for them ~ Love is begotten by love, but as I said before, the Japanese do not know love. How, then, C8Jl love originate in thpm towards us 1 With the present day morality of the Japanese can we demand their respecU With neither love nor respect how can we hope that they will loVE' J apan ~ Therefore, the mOTe we think of the Chosen question the more we realize that it is a spiritual question. In other words, it is pe'rfectly clear that what is called for is a thoroughgoing reformation in Japan's political ideals, educational policy, and in the individual character of the people of Japan. By all 'means Japan must be born again. Therefore, there is today no enterprise which compares in urgency with thr work of evangelization.

on the Korean

T HE NEWS of the situation in Korea (Chosen) is not yet reassuring. Reports of repressive measures by the Japanese remind us too vividly of the Bryce reports on Belgium and Northern France in the early years of the war. The following extracts from a long report by the special committee of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America give some of thp results of their investigation. The evidence has been carefully sifted and is believed to be reliable. While names are not generally giwn, more than thirty British and American individuals have testified and their names are in the possession of the committep. The documents include reports, personal letters and signed affidavits of eye witnesses. The Korean Independence Movement is, no doubt, a mistake and doomed to fail, but the Japanese military policy in Korea is a still greater blunde.r and can bring only disaster.

The df'sire for self-determination and national ideals has been fostered in Korf'a by the ideals expressed at the Peace Conference. The movement for freedom became country-wide last March at the time of the funeral of the ex-Emperor. Propagandists include Christians. memhers of the reformed native cult, the Chuntokyo, and Buddhists. Students of government schools are equally iY'- volvrd with those of mission schools. The causes underlying the agitation appear in documents presented on May 10th to influential Japanese in Tokyo b~r a committee from Chosen. They are briefly as follow,,: THE CAUSES 1. The desire for independence. 2. The rigors, cruelty and injustice of Japanese military administration- including the spy system, even in religious meetings, and constant show of force. 3. The Korean opposition to the apparent program of denationalization, in- including the exclusion of the Korean language and history from the school curricula. 4. The failure to give Koreans a share in their government either legislative or executive. S. Discrimination against Koreans in salaries, in schools, in employment and in the courts. 6. The lack of liberty of speech, press and assembly. 7. The limited religious liberty-forbidding the teaching of religion or of the Bible in private schools, the imposition of the observance of cere- monies which are against Christian conscience, and the intimidation of Christian. converts. 8. The practical prohibition of Korean travel and study abroad. 9. The appropriation of Korean crown lands by the Japanese.

10. The demoralizing influences introduced by Japanese~inc!uding lic;ellsed prostitution, the sale of morphine and cl,tltiv:).tion of 0l?ium. 664 11. The forced migration of Koreans into Manchuria. 12. The exploitation of Korean forests by Japanese and the licensed monopolies which bring hardship to Koreans.

The Independence Movement was so secretly organized that neither the missionaries nor the secret police of the government knew what was going to happen, though all were conscious of the great tensity of the time. In a very few days it spread to all parts of the land, even to remote mountain valleys. The police, gendarmes and soldiers were everywhere called out to disperse the crowds and to arrest the leaders. The first day or so no very rough methods were used, but from then on, and especially out in the country districts, the most brutal methods have been employed. Men, women and children have been repeatedly kicked, beaten with fists or gun butts, bayoneted, sabred and shot, until mission hospitals and, if report be true, the government and other private hospitals, too, are filled with the wounded; Severance Hospital having cots and beds in every available space, even the hallways. Testimony gathered from these wounded is consistent that until attacked .the crowds of demonstrators used no force but simply shouted for independence, and were fired upon or otherwise attacked. The barbarities have stirred all to deepest indignation and have to a certain extent terrorized the people, who were expecting merely arrest, yet they remain firm in their determination, although they are changing their method of demonstration and protest for the purpose of saving life. It is obvious, however, that if the brutal methods of repression are continued, retaliation on the part of the Koreans will inevitably be the result, even though they have no weapons.

THE FAOTS REPORTED The facts reported by the Governor General deal with an atrocity of the first magnitude, the particulars of which have reached Tokyo.

The missionaries who investigated were in a party of ten who visited several villages which had been burned by the Japanese gendarmes and soldiers, the villagers being driven out of their homes and not permitted to take with them anything whatever of value. All they owned was destroyed, and the villagers, young infants and old men and women, have been hiding in the hills, afraid to return to the site of their former homes, and without shelter, food or covering for their bodies at night.

In the course of their investigation, the searchers for facts reached one village where the little church had been destroyed by fire. The gendarmes and soldiers, marching into this village, had summoned the men of the village to attend a meeting in the church, where they were told certain orders would be read to

them. As soon as the men had been gathered together, the soldiery opened fire upon them through the open windows, after having surrounded the building. Volley after volley was poured into th(~ gathering, until the floor was covered with moaning heaps of dead and wounded men. To complete their work, the surviving women of the village told the missionaries. the soldiery entered the buil(l- .ing and bayoneted all the men whom the bullets had not killed, while two women, who had approached the building to learn the fate of their husbands, were likewise bayoneted and their bodies thrown among those of the men. Then kerosene was poured upon the dead and the bodies and the church building consumed by fire. When the advance guard of the investigating party reached this place, there were two bodies still left in the smoking ruins, the others having been raked out and disposed of out of sight.

March 28th, 1919, a girl, , about 21 years of age told the fol- lowing: "I was arrested on the streets of Pyengyang, the third of March, and taken to the police station. There were many others, both men and women.

They asked if we smoked, if we drank, and if we were Christians. Soon all were let out with little or no punishment, with the exception of twelve Methodist women, two Presbyterians, and one Chundokyo woman. Three of the Methodist women were Bible women. They stripped all the women naked in the presence of many men. They found nothing against me except that I had been on the street and had shouted 'Manzai.' They beat me until the perspiration stood out all over my body. They then said, "Oh, you are hot,' and threw cold water over my naked body. My arms were pulled tight behind my back and tied. Then saying I was cold, they stuck me with the lighted end of their cigarettes. (Some were stuck with hot irons.) Some were beaten until they were unconscious. After four days we were taken to the prison. Here we were packed in a room with men and women. One day an old man was beaten until he died. One of the Bible women was right next to him. She asked to be moved, but they compelled.

her to watch the dead body all night. One of the Bible women not only had her hands bound, but had her feet put in stocks. They took our Bibles.

away and would not allow us to talk or pray. They made vile and indecent remarks to us. All this was done by the Japanese. Though there were: Korean policemen in the room they took no part in the beating or in the vile-· ness. The Japanese blaspheme the name of Christ, and asked us if there'

was not a man by the name of Saul who was put in prison. They asked'

us most of all as to what the foreigners had said, and were most vile and'

cruel to those who had been with the missionaries, or who had taught in the mission schools. Some of the girls were so changed that they did not look like persons."

Hon. T. Hara, Premier of the Japanese Cabinet, sent the following cable message to the Federal Council of Churches in reply to a communication from them on the subject: "I desire to assure you that tl,c report of abuses committed by agents of the Japanese Government in KO'ea has been engaging my most serious attention. I am fully prepared to leok squarely at actual facts. As I have declared on various occasions, the regime: Qf ~dministration inaugurated iR

REPORTS ON THE KOREAN UPRISING

Korea at the time of the annexation, nearly ten years ago, calls for substantial modification to meet the altered conditions of things. Ever since the formation' of the present Cabinet in September last, I have been occupied in working out the scheme of needed administrative reforms in Korea. A comprehensive plan of reorganization with this object in view has already been on the tapis. For obvious reasons it has not been possible to proceed at once to its formal adoption in the presenc~ of the disturbances which have unfortunately broken out in various parts of the peninsula.

"In view, however, of the recent improvement in the situation, the contemplated reform can now be, in my estimation, safely introduced, and will be carried into effect as soon as the legal requirements of procedure to make them definitive shall have been completed. Announcement of the plan in a more complete form shall be withheld for the present, but I trust that the fixed determination with which my colleagues and I have been endeavoring to promote the lasting welfare of our Korean kinsmen, and to insure a distinct betterment of conditions in the country will not be misunderstood or misconstrued. "

The uncertainty as to the outcome of the disturbances is in- creased by the fact that the government of Chosen finds critics of the administration in the ranks of its own civil officials and in the Liberal parties in the Imperial Government. Investigators are not slow to criticize what they characterize as the stupid policy of the military regime, while the leading journals of Japan are to the extent of their meager information joining in a protest. The "Peninsular Magazine," a month1y published in Seoul by a Japanese but for the Koreans and in the Korean language, had its April number confiscated, further publication prohibited, and the editor arrested because it published a long editorial criticizing the Government-GeneraI's handling of the situation.

SIGNS OF HOPE IN JAPAN Except for rumors to the effect that the student class in Japan are beginning to favor Korean liberty, there is of course no one among the Japanese who favors independence for the Koreans, though the more advanced, like Viscount Kato, have come out in favor of autonomy; but many of them feel that the military administration ought to give place to the civil in the future, and that the military administration has made a failure in its colonial policy.

It is possible that government reform may take place. A recent statement of Mr. Yamagata, the Administrator-General, is to the effect that "the agitation is deplorable, coming as it does just on the eve of government l'pforms." But all officials seem to agree that the present uprising must be crushed before any reforms can be instituted, while th~ interpellations in the Diet in regard to the Korean situation seem to be a criticism of the administration for failing to keep order in the peninsula. rather than a suggestion that thE' underlying causE'S of thr <iistnrlml1CP he disCOVE'fPd and removed.

Democratic tendencies are manifest in the Japanese Empire

as well as in the rest of the world, and momentous events may occur at any time. Only recently two automobile loads of Japanese rushed through the streefs of Seoul, shouting" Democracy Banzai." Some sixty arrests have been made in connection with the demon- stration. Many conflicting forces are at work today in Japan as well as in Korea, but unless there is some marked change in gov- ernment policy or in the character of the administration, or both, mission work in Chosen faces a period of great limitation and difficulty. There are grave problems ahead. When the Adminis- trator General returned from a trip to Tokyo in April, he made the official announcement that the "lenient" measures employed in the past would be exchanged for utmost rigor, and a new law was promulgated by the Governor General making "any disturbance of the peace with a view of effecting a change of government" an offense punishable with ten years of penal servitude. This law significantly and specifioolly includes foreigners in the ruling.

The ultimate effect of this movement on the Christian Church in Korea is wholly problematical. The leaders went into it with their eyes open, realizing that failure meant persecution and probably severe repression of church activity, but the Moderator of the Korean General Assembly and others say that they prayed the matter through and felt that it was God's will for them to make this attempt to secure not merely civil but real religious liberty at this particular time in the world's history, when so many small peoples are apparently to secure these blessings. It is reported that officials have stated that the Chun Do Kyo (Heavenly Way Association) is to be suppressed entirely and that the Christian Church is to be reduced to about half its present size. If the military government remains in Korea and the present movement collapses the outlook for the future is dark. If, on the other hand, in view of the obvious failure of the admistration of the last nine years to conciliate the people, a civil administration and go-:ernmental reforms are introduced, while there probably would not be such an aggressive anti-Christian activity we must anticipate some restriction of Christian missions. It is evident that the most rigorous repression of demonstration is directed against Christians in those sections of the country where the Church is prominent.

The effect of the movement on mission work is equally problematiool, for the government, whil-e officially stating that they do not regard the missionaries as having any direct uesponsibility for this uprising, which took government and missionaries alike by surprise, seems to be making every effort in the examination of prisoners to fasten responsibility upon the missionary body. But the Koreans under examination uniformly insist that the missionaries are not connected with the movement.

A MOHAMMEDAN SCHOOL IN NORTH AFRI

Christianity in:';Tunis Past and Present BY ARTHUR V. LILEY, TUNIS, NORTH AFRICA Missionary of the North Africa Mission T HE Phoenicians, with their offerings to Moloch and Baal- Ammon, passed away from the Mediterranean coasts to be replaced by the Romans and their deities. Among the Romans, however,. there appeared a little flock who worshipped the one true God, in the name of Jesus Christ, His Son.

There is no record as to how Christianity reached Carthage, though it is well known in church history that Perpetua, Felicita and other martyrs sealed their testimony in blood in the amphitheatre, the ruins of which are seen today. The ruins of the churches used by the Carthaginian Christians have also recently been unearthed, and it is well known that Augustine labored at Hippo with some success, for the Kabyles became professing Christians.

In the seventh century the Moslems, led by Okba, invaded North Africa and by the sword converted the people to Islam. Thus Christianity disappeared from North Africa.

In the center of the city of Tunis the minaret of the mosque Zetouna, which towers above the bazaars and houses, is said by some to be the ancient Spanish Cathedral of St. Olive. No longer is Jesus Christ spoken of there as the Son of God, and "the Sav- 669

iour of men; nor is the theology of the Bible taught in the college near by. To this college some 500 or 600 Moslem students come <,ypry year to study the Koran and Moslem tradition.

An Arab boy's education bpgins at the lcoutab or school under the direction of a rnmuldab or master. The school consists of one room situated generally near a marabout or saint's grave. Desks, spats and copy books are things unknown. The scholars, having ll'ft their shoes or slippers at the door, squat on a grass mat spread on the ground. After mastering the Arabic characters, the young pupil traces, with a reed pen on a piece of board smeared with a thin coating of clay, the first chapter of the Koran. He swings his body backward and forward, shouting his lesson at the top of his yoice and thus commits it to memory.

One can und0rstalld what a Babpl such a school is when some 20 or 30 scholars are memorizing ill this way at the same time. The Koran having been committed to memory after some five or six years study, the young man goes to the medressa or college to study the commentaries of the Koran grammar and syntax, logic and Moslem theology. It is all a matter of memory, they are not taught to think. At the end of four or more years the young Arab, having passed his examination successfully, may become a notary, a teacher or a writer in a government office. Further studies are necessary to become a judge, mufti( religious leader) or a professor. Wherever these young men go they carry with them some re- ligious influence. It is therefore of the greatest importance to evangelize them while they are in the city; otherwise they may return to their distant homes and never come in contact with a Ohristian missionary again. For this reason a special work is carried on among the students in Tunis. Some of their questions are foolish and their arguments are illogical and ignorant.

When all are quietly listening to God's plan of Salvation, an Arab may suddenly shout out: "What is written on the door of heaven ~" or, "",Vho is the father of Jesus OhrisH" or again: "Who is the greatest and last of the prophets 1"

In answer to the first question the Arabs say that the Moslem "witness" is written on the door of heayen: "There is no god but God and Mohammed is His prophet." I generally ask, "What is the use of knowing if there is anything written on the door of Paradise if you don't know the way there? The Bible tells us that the Lord Jesus is the way and this is more important than what is written on the door."

The Moslems deny that man is a free agent. Everything is Mektoub decreed. Thev say that God foresaw the fall of Adam and therefore ordained that he should partake of the forbidden fruit. This was necessary, they argue, in order that Adam and Eve

19191 tHRIS1'IANI'I'Y IN TUNIS- PAST AND PRESF:NT

THREE TUNISIANS CONV}:R'fE;D TO CHRISTIANITY might come down to the earth and people it, for the Arabs say that the garden of Eden was in heaven. Thus they make God employ evil in order to carry out His purposes and say that He decrees evil in order that good may come.

Moslems reject the Bible, first because they say that the early Ohristians tampered with it changing its meaning, and because all its teaching is found in the Koran. They deny the Deity of Ohrist, His atonement and redemptive work, and give first place to Mohammed, a man who had eleven wives, and professed to have special revelations commanding him to marry Zeinab, the divorced wife of Zied, his adopted Bon.

Moslems have a very lax idea of sin. Lies are permissible to get one out of a difficulty; a poor mali may steal in order that he may feed his family, and when a man kills his friend or companion in a fit of passion, it is declared mektoub, decreed.

Are there no converts to Christianity from Islam 1 Thank God, there are. Some converts have stood well, some are faulty and others have caused great sorrow. Our Bible depot keeper gives us much joy. One who is persecuted by his friends and is tempted by an inheritance has consequently gone back somewhat, while another has quite dishonored his profession of faith in Christ. The Gospel is being preached to all sorts and conditions of men, the educated Arab, the ignorant Sudanese; the students at the university and the illiterate workingmen, the old women and the young maidens. Who can tell what the harvest will be 1 As yet only the fringe· of the population of Tunis has been reached. Men willing to endure hardness as good soldiers of Christ are needed to carry the news of salvation to camps and villages. With the decline of Moslem power, which is evident on every side, there is more freedom for the proclamation of the message of the Cross. A revival is needed in the home· churches to thrust out some as messengers of "good tidings" to this needy land.

THREE KABYLE MOSLEM STUDF<NTS IN A KORANIC SCHOOL The Student in the center is a daily reader of' the Bible

FUJI SPINNING MILLS IN TOYKO

'ren years ago this was an open field. Today this is one of eight mills employing 20,000 people.

The Need for Christ in Japan's Factories BY J. MERLE DAVIS, TOKYO, JAPAN Honorary Secretary of the Young Men's Christian Association I.

T HAT Ohrist is needed in the factories of Japan may be in- ferred from the need of Him in American and European mills. If our Western factory system with all its brutalities of overwork, under pay, child labor, and inadequate protection has flourished notwithstanding a Christian inheritance and atmosphere, we cannot be surprised at the presence of gross evils and a callous conscience in the Ohristless labor world of Japan.

With no adequate government legislation, with employers of labor accustomed to sacrifice the welfare of their working people to profiteering, with public opinion indifferent or ignorant of the solution of social problems, it would seem that the hope for Japanese labor lies in organizing for its own protection. However, since the heroic efforts of Katayama and his associates, twenty years ago, the combination of labor in any form has been an offense punishable by heavy penalties. Nor has the Japanese working man the protection of the franchise. He is helpless in the hands of capital, unable to utter a protest to the intolerable conditions imposed upon him, except the protest of revolution. An eloquent witness to this is the rioting of last August, when the cup of the people's wrath at the profiteering of rice brokers overflowed. At that time ~,OOO,OOO yen worth of property and many lives were lost in the only protest left to labor at inequalities imposed upon it. The 1,460,000 Japanese property owners are today making the laws and controlling the destinies of an empire of 70,000,000 souls.

A suffrage qualification of 10 yen property tax automatically 673

shuts out the men upon whose shoulders the nation's prosperity is depending,. from any share in self-determination.

On the other hand, along with the denial of opportunity the government is enforcing universal education. The worker may not vote, but he must learn how to read and write. Every child between six and ten is compelled to attend the primary school. The result is a higher percentage of literacy than is found in any other nation. The sources of knowledge concerning the economic, social and political status of Western labor is forced into the hands of the Japanese worker by the same paternal government which denies him any voice in regulating the conditions of his wealth-producing toil. Like the Jewish leaders of Christ's time, modern Japanese statesmen are attempting the impossible task of bottling new wine in old wine skins. Antiquated institutions and modern thought; universal education and a restricted ballot; democratic idealism and militarism; tpe leaven of universal brotherhood and a narrow nationalism; individualism and ancestor and emperor worship; industrialism, with its train of social and economic problems, and feudalistic conceptions of social relationlShips; low economic standards of daily life and wage and increasingly high economic demands of the world's markets; the unblushing immorality of the old order overlapping upon the moral requirements of the new. The pressure toward liberal id€'as, d€'mocracy, suffrage, women's rights, economic righteousness, labor unions and clean social standards is like a rising tide. No strengthening of old walls can hold it back:; every sign of Ht€' times points to the fact that the old bottles are bursting.

The defeat of Germany, with the discrediting of political and economic standards which she had been following, has greatly hastened the birth pangs of this nation. Stubbornly refusing, until the very last, to admit the possibility of Germany's overthrow, the military clique of Japan has, at length, admitted that the nation, for forty years, has been putting its money on the wrong horse. This admission is not an easy experience for a proud and. able people, but once made, will clear the way for sweeping changes in the national life. Christian leaders like Ebina Danjo and Kanamori Tsurin state their conviction that Japan is now to enter a period of openness to Christian truth and leadership of Christian ideals unprecented in her history. There is no question but that the triumph of Christian idealism in diplomacy and statecraft has moved this critical nation to a desire to know the sources of such ideals. One of the most far-reaching results of the world war mav be the demonstration on a nation-wide scale of the practicability and power of the spirit of Christ when applipd to int('rnationaI relationships.

THE NEED FOR CHRIST IN JAPAN'S FACTORIES

For 250 fateful years Japan shut herself out from vitalizing contact with the rest of the world; while the nations of Europe and America were passing through a steady development of material, scientific and moral life, the Island Empire prided herself on a splendid isolation. Thus Japan has herself, alone, to thank for the present heavy handicap she is carrying in her race for the markets of the world. For the last half century she has been straining to overtake the long lead which her western competitors hold. That she has, in such a brief time, so nearly approximated to this apparently impm;sihl(' goal, is eloquent of the intelligence CLEANING UP AN ALLY IN THE SLUMS OF THE INDUSTRIAL QUARTER, TOKYO and ambition of her people. Heavily handicapped by lack of natural resources and low economic standards, she early saw that to hold a place of power among the nations, she must industrialize ll er life.

Today,Japan holds in her hands the material equipment of national power, but along with her factory-lined cities, her whirring mills and fleets of merchant ships have come as guests, unbidden to the feast, a whole hrood of unwelcome social and industrial problems, labor questions, questions of public sanitation, public rights and morals,-problems which she never bargained for in her hid for national power; problems with which she is poorly prepared to cope in any adequate manner.

That the Christian solution, as applied to these manifold proh- 1 ~;lI1s of the nation is the only hope for approximating to the life of hoI' si.ster nations of the West is the conviction of many of Japan's best friends and an increasing' number of her leaders.

Japan has been so long accepted as the land of kalE·idescopic change that the transformation is supposed to be complete. How- ever, evcli many leading Japanese and foreign residentH are un- aware of the amazing speed with which the metamorphosis is even now progressing. It is the high-powered factory, invadhlg every city in the land, which is responsible for this latest sweeping change in the nation's life. Japan, using American and Britil'lh bi~)'c1es, sewing machines, electric dynamos, locomotives, boots, cotton goods, and coal was an object of romatic interest and a valuable customer. But the romanc~ wears off when, today, Japan ll')t only produces her own coal, cotton goods, shoes, bicycleR, e]"c- tric machinery, and rolling stock, munitions, arms, leather, and glassware, but produces these and many other commodities in such volume as to step into the current of world trade as a competi- tor for the markets of all nations. Her vast arsenals, her grf~at shipyards, capable of launching battleships and merchant vessels equal in tonnage and speed to any ships afloat, her whirring looms, the mighty resources of power stored in her mountains, her cheap labor and favorable position for Asiatic and Pacific trade, all means that the Japan of the tea-house girl and samisen, the lacquered screen and lotus pond, is gone, and in place of th" silken-gowned, artistic gentleman there has stepped into the world lists a grimy-handed young giant, clad in grease-stained overalls, eager to measure strength with the champions of the West.

Nor can Japan turn upon the road which she, has chosen. An island empire, with a dfmsity of population of 359 to the square mile, with but one-seventh of her area capable of cultivation,and her people multiplying at the rate of three-quarters of a million a year, the nation has passed the point where agriculture can support the people. With very limited natural resources, flanked on either hand by Russia and America, jealously watching for every sign of military aggression, her exit to the South Seas barred by Australia, and her immigrants turned back from the doors of Canada, Australia and the United States, Japan is increasingly thrown upon her own intensive powers of development. There is only one possible form for this development to take,-the industrial and commercial.

In entering into competition with western labor, this island people find gq-ave conditions to overcome, many of which are common to industry the world over, but others peculiar to Japan alone. These cOIlditions constitute a serious handicap in her bid for world trade and power and need a Christian solution.

First among these conditions peculiar' to the industrialization of Japan is the phenomenal speed of her transformation from the agricultural stage. Forty-eight years ago, Japan had a mere handful of modern mills, while her foreign trade amounted to but

THE NEED FOR CHR1ST IN JAPAN 'S FACTORIES

THE SPINNING ROOM OF THll FUJI SPINNING COMPANY, TOKYO 48,559 yen, Last year she operated over 25,000 mills, and her foreign trade totalled above two and one-half billion yen, After more than ' a generation of experience as a debtor nation to the West, for the last four years Japan has turned the tables upon most of her former creditors and has played the role of creditor to America, England and Russia, 'I.'his bewildering speed in transforming the economic sources of her life has not given a normal period of adjustment to the new conditions of modern industrialism. Knowledge of high grade tools, the manipulation and ca're of intricate machines, the development of skilled mechanical traditions, the adjustment of output to the needs of the market, the assimilation, housing and welfare of the crowding workers in the cities, adequate legislation for factory life, and the adjustment of society to this new class of the population, are among the problems which r equire time for solution. This element of time has been omitted from Japan's industrial formula. It is not strange that the nation is bafHed in seeking a solution, nor that her growing pains have sorely weakened her development.

Second: The nearness of the nation to feudalism may be named as another of the striking factors which constitutes an industrial problem peculiar to Japan. No phase of the life of this people can be correctly appraised without full recognition of the lingering influence of the feudal system. But seventy years ago

the feudal princes of Japan were living on their great fiefs like miniature kings, each surrounded by his court, by his military retainers, and by larger or smaller groups of vassals in the towns and villages, who looked to their lord as the dispenser of justice and order, and the source of their prosperity and protection. In return for these Teal and imaginary favors, the loyal retainer gave military service and labor upon great public works. ,Vhen the central govel'1lment in Yedo, fearing the growing power of Lord Date, Daimyo of Sendai, summonded him to build half a mile of a difficult section of the castle moat, this prince called 7,000 of his retainers and for four years conducted their construction of the , mighty moat, now known as, '0 cha no mizu."

Under such conditions of mutuai interdependence, strikes aud lockouts were as improbable as were slum sanitation or questions of minimum wage and overwork.

The influence of this patemalistic relationship of lord and man still persists in some of the old-fashioned industries, and has been slow to disappear, with the result that strikes in the past have been almost unknown. But not so with the modern factory. Here, the government has not taken the place of feudal lord. Neither has the modern mill owner accepted the responsibility of the old Daimyo employer of labor.

With the breakup of the feudal system and the entrance of Japanese labor into the open market of competitive modern in- dustry, a most serious gap appears which neither government, employer, nor society in general has attempted to bridge. Into this unbridged chasm Japanese labor is falling, and with it the power and health and reputation of the nation is also in danger of falling, unless it is spanned by a new sense of responsibility on the part of Japanese society. Into the timbers of this crucial structure of the future, the spirit of Christ must build' itself in ways to arouse a new social conscience in matters of labor, the sanctity of womanhood and child life, and the rights of the producer to a fair share of the wealth he creates.

Third: Another result of the feudal regime is that a society accustomed to receive from its superiors its orders, its care and its occupation, and having lived for centuries in deeply grooved class lines, is both helpless and indifferent when faced with the social problems of the amlY of modern mill hands that clamor at the city gates. Public institutions for the defective and charity organizations did not flourish in old Japan. The sick, the defective, and the indigent were, to an amazing degree, cared for by the family or relatives. While seeming to eliminate' some of the most serious problems of modern society, this system placed an almost unbearable burden upon the homes of the nation and a heavy handicap upon its health and prosperity, Its practical effect has

THE NEED FOR CHRIS'f IN JAPAN'S FACTORIES

been that the Japanese have not been trained to sense or to eolve society's needs. Intolerable conditions are existing among the slums and 'factories of the .cities which are not only unknown to great numbers of the most iutelligent and progressive citizens, including Christian leaders, but even when known arouse little more than a passing comment of regret or of curious interest. In a vast majority of cases, these conditions do not stir men to remedial measures nor to a fundamental study of conditions looking toward adequate legislation or the education of the public conscience. At this point, the education of a tender conscience 'in matters relating to individual and public welfare, the Gospel of Christ will find in the future one of its priceless gifts to Japan.

There is probably no other class of society in Japan more open to the gospel of Christ and more in need of the new life and blessings of the gospel than the Japanese laborer. Usually from the country, the factory hand, on moving to the city, enters a class of society which has no recognized traditions or status in the eyes of the citizens. On leaving his mountain village, the influence of the ancestral shrine, and the appeal to the tutelary deity of his trade are left behind, while 'no god of the factory is substituted. The god of the world he now enters are steam and electricity, its faith is materialism and its shrines, shelter, untold power and wealth. The new-comer has also parted company with the social relationships that have hitherto moulded him and which have contributed to his sense of responsibility and self-respect. On entering the industrial quarters of the great city, no club or guild takes the place of the rural organizations to whose activities he has given so much of his spare time.

In this new world, with its overpowering evidences of greed and force and materialism, he easjly loses his sense of accounta~ bility, his identity, his former self-respect, and sinks to the level of his benumbing enviromnent, a mechanical atom, matching his vitality against that of the tireless machine which he tends~ Like water seeking the lower levels, the flood of factory workers from the country districts pour into the low lying slums and tenements which abound in the industrial districts. Here may be found housing conditions which give rise to a whole brood of moral, sanitary and welfare problems, which this article can only barely indicate in passing.

One such typical slum district in the famous East Side of Tokyo has been made the subject of a careful government survey. Of its eleven hundred families, 66.4% are living in one-room tenements, nine feet square and 375 of these families occupy homes which average six feet square. WDen it is considered that the average family in this district numbers five persons and that more than half are keeping single laborers, as "roomers", some

idea of the congestion may be had. Over 3,500 workers without families are boarding in this one small district. No wonder that under such housing conditions, illegitimacy thrives. Not a few of these homes maintain their identity by the efforts of the mother alone, the children each acknowledging a different father, who comes back to lodge as convenience or fancy may impel.

The fact that most of the East Side of rrokyo lies below the level of the highest tides means periodic, wide-spread inundations, which bring added misery to these wretched districts, which are practically never dry, slime standing under the thin floors, in the shallow gutters and over the surface of the alleys most of the year.

The output of crime, disease, deficiency, degeneracy, pauperism and immorality from such conditions is very large. There are nine such districts on the East Side of Tokyo, alone, and as yet, with the exception of the Salvation Army, no adequate Ohristian remedial institutions to bring the joy and cleansing power of the gospel.

Ohrist's keynote of the value of the individual man is of paramount importance for the labor world of Japan. Not the individual, but the family, the clan, the state is the unit of Japanese society. The rights of the person are negligible as compared with the larger group. A vast modern factory system, employing labor by the hundred thousand, breaks down when built upon this conception of society. It is a slow evolution for mill owners to recognize the individual worker and his welfare as the key to the welfare of. his mill and of the nation. Only Ohrist can adequately supply this conception in the teaching that each laborer is a child of God, and, what is fully as important, the impelling motivf' power for applying its implications. Without such a reconstructed vision of the central value of each worker, Japan's industrial future is doomed, for she cannot continue to burn over her fields of human resources, in the prodigal fashion. of the last decade, without irretrievable loss.

Japanese modern industry is unique in the phenomenal proportion of female labor employed. Some careful estimates place the proportion of women and girls as three-fifths of the total. The vast cotton and silk spinning and weaving mills are responsible alone for· half a million girl employees. Thirty-four thousand are laboring in coal mines, while women and girls tend the machines of a dozen different modern industries. Three-fifths of these workers are under twenty years of age, and 10% are children between 12 and 15. These spinning and weaving industries are exacting a heavy toll from the health of the nation. It is estimated that 250,000 girls are drawn annually from country homes to the city mills, attracted by the high wages, steady employment and the lure of city life. The life in these factories is little removed from

THE NEED FOR CHRIST IN JAPAN'S FACTORIES

AN AUTUMN FLOOD IN TOKYO SLUMS AFTER A HEAVY STORM slavery. The remark of one mill managel' to the writer, "We own the bodies, minds and souls of these girls," being only too true. Sold by parents for terms of from two to four years, the girls receive only 20% of their wages, the balance being sent to the parents, who are often paid ~ lump sum in advance for the year's toil of the daughter. Seventy per cent of these women workers live in dormitories within the factory compound, never leaving the premises save two or three afternoons a month and then in charge of a foreman or attendant. This forethought on the part of the management is not for the protection of the girls, but to keep them from running away, as considerable numbers do at their first opportunity.

Work in the large city mills lasts from twelve to fourteen hours, but in many of the more remote provincial factories, fifteen, sixteen and even seventeen hours per day at the looms is not infrequently exacted.

Night work, prohibited by la,v, is still common in not a few factories and makes serious inroads upon health. In mills where night work is the rule, the women on the day and night shifts are often obliged to share the same bed, which is neither aired nor dusted, as the weary night worker takes the place of the girl who rises for the day shift. Such conditions, naturally, greatly accelerate the. national predilection towards tuberculosis.

Few can long stand the strain, the monotony, the ceaseless roar of the looms and the unsanitary surroundings for more than a year. A turn-over of sixty-six percent each year and an estimated

sickroll wastage among those returning home of from 10 to 15 per cent are facts more eloquent than words of, not only the economic loss, but the price in human health and vitality which the nations is paying for its factory output.

Japan's factories differ widely in the attention paid by the management to the moral and social welfare of their employees. The best mills, like the Kanegafuchi and the Fuji companies, each employing over twenty thousand hands, take pride in their care for the health and the moral and recreational life of the girls in their employ. These mills are justly the pride of the country and are frequently shown to foreign visitors. Not so with the mills of the country t0W11S. These remote centers, far removed from the government inspector's eye and run on old-fashioned principles are occasionally centers of frightful physical and moral evils, overseers and wardens holding the girls in virtual moral slavery, even compelling the day hands to act as public prostitutes at night. One expert in factory conditions states that it is not uncommon for one-half of the girls in a mill to lose their virtue within the first year of their employ. It is in the sad lives of these toiling daughters of Christless Japan that the blessings of the Gospel are needed more than among anyone class of the people today.

The future of Japan as a great power is, as never before, depending upon the integrity and the efficiency of her working classes. Why is it that Japanese-made goods so often do not meet the requirements of western markets ~ Why do American firms reject certain Japanese products, and make from Japanese raw material and Japanese patterns their own goods 1 Why has Japan already lost so many of the markets gained during the early years of the wad '1.'he answer is not difficult to one who knows the status of Japanese labor. This nation can no more hope to win in the world race for markets, on the basis of underfed, overworked, immoral and helpless factory hands than she can hold back the tides which wash her shores. A mediaeval conception of exploited humanity, colored with the fatalism of Eastern philosophy can never stand before the highly organized, individualized ranks of Western labor, bulwarked with democracy and the concept of life's values which Christ has given to the Anglo-Saxon nations. The Christ who bears burdens, who brings hope to -colorless lives, who cleans up homes and neighborhoods, who cares for the health and joys of little children, who takes a vital interest in the status of labor and who stands for the rights of sanctity of womanhood will profoundly affect the Japanese labor world. Such an interpretation of Christ will equally move all classes of society, for by such activities, alone, will the Japanese nation adequately begin to understand the meaning of Christianity.

OF THE KONDA HUTS ATTACKED AT

An African Autobiography A Fragment by Daniel Uhlane, a Christian Convert PRESENTED BY REV. DONALD FRASER, NYASALAND Missionary of the United Free Church of Scotland, Livingstonia Mission Chapter II-First Contact with the White Men When the Europeans came to the country I was still a lad. They called me to work in their .house, and I washed the dishes, and made the beds, and stood by them when they ate. Dr. Elmslie was my master.

I began also to learn to read the primer. But in those days it was difficult to learn, for the chiefs would not allow the people to be taught. So men wondered that I should stay with the Europeans. They said, "You are foolish to live with strange people. Those are fish out of the Lake. They are not men like us."

And they asked me at home, "Do the white people sleep as we do? Have they habits like ours ~ Their clothes fill us with wonder."

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So they'plied me with questions. But to me the most awful thing was when the Europeans prayed. I was amazed to see them speak alone as to themselves. Among us it was a forbidden thing to speak to oneself. We said such an one was a sorcerer. So I trembled when they prayed, for I thought, "See there is no other one in this secret place. They are talking to themselves."

At last my fear took so great a hold of me I could stay no longer. I went to Dr. Elmslie and asked to be allowed to return to my own village. The doctor refused, and his wife said: "We love to have you here. I do not wish you to go away." I plead to be allowed to go for a little while, but she answered, "I would love to teach you until you can read a book just as well as I can."

But at these words I was more terrified than ever, for I thought, "She wants me to be like herself, and to talk alone. Then everyone will fear me, for I shall be reckoned a sorcerer."

I agreed to stay, but only with the intention of running away, as soon as an opportunity occurred. I saw now that the doctor and his wife were keen to teach me. They used to ask me in the evening to pray along with them. But when they prayed, I took care not to.

My fear only grew, for I dreaded that my companions in the village should hear that I prayed along with the Europeans, and that I should be labeled a sorcerer. So one day I asked to go home, promising to return quickly. This was agreed to, but they said, "Gome back in the evening." I answered that I would, but I was as sly as the owl when it talked round the bat. The doctor and his wife, however, would not do without me.

When they saw that I did not return, they sent to my uncle, and asked him to send me back. This he did, saying that the white man was anxious for me to work in his house.

At this time the other chiefs separated themselves frum our Moho villages. They said: "The Moho people invited the white men in. Now they are demanding their children. Wait a bit, when the Europeans return to their own country they will carry away these Moho children. Then the fathers will come to us and say, 'See, they have carried away our children.' But we will answer, 'Whose blame is it? You invited them into the country_' "

But the missionaries grew bolder and taught openly. A little class met on·the verandah of their house. There were six of us in it. Our teacher was Mr. MacIntyre. He had only the stump of a first finger. When he began to teach, he said, "What is this~" pointing to a letter of the alphabet. But seeing his little stump of a finger, I burst out laughing. He rose angrily to thrash me,

AN AFRICAN AUTOBIOGRAPHY

TUMBUKA SPIRIT 'l'EMPLES INTO WHICH OFFERINGS OF "mAL OR BEER WERE PUT but I jumped aside, ran into a house, and turned the key in the lock. Dr. Elmslie was called, and he rebuked me, saying, "You must not do this again, but try to learn all your teacher tells. Some day you will receive good things, and then you will be glad you listened."

New when I heard this, I said to myself, "What good things are these he talks abouU Is it sugad" He says, "When you understand you will eat good things."

So I went back to my fellows, and said to them: "The European has told me not to laugh when I am being taught, for when I understand, he will give me good things, I think he means sugar, the white man's beer. I know how sweet it is, for I have tasted it when I was washing the dishes." We all agreed to learn diligently. But the doctor was talking of the everlasting good. Alas ! We were so blind that we feared without cause, and wished to grow up in our ignorance. Many days, however, had not passed when the chief closed down our school, saying that he did not wish his people to become cowards, and useless for war. Now William Koyi (Mtusune was his native name) in his public teaching had said:

"~angoni, listen to my words. Give over war, and what you seek, we shall help you to find. Live in peace, and God will be with you, and you will be His people. Once I was such as you, but now I belong to God."

But the Ngoni had answered, "If a man calls the people together, is he to talk to them, and receive no answer? Let us speak." Then up rose the orator Nkwelula, and spoke thus, "Yes, we have heard. Some of the words are good, but you say that God forbids us to war. There you lie. Whom are the people to fear? When were the Ngoni ever defeated? You speak of the things we desire, where are they to come from 1 Listen, lads, Mtusane lies when he says that God does not approve of war. In our wars we worship God. If he allows ~s, we destroy a stockade, and take cattle and goats; if He forbi.ds, we are unable to enter the stockade. But when He approves great is our fame among people. So when Mtusane speaks of war, he lies. But all he has said about adultery, and lying, and theft is true. For we know that if a man is a thief, or adulterer, he will be killed when he goes to fight. There he speaks the truth, but as for war, he lies."

Nevertheless, we went on learning, for we had already been ostracized, and there was no place in the tribe for us. We were derisively called "The Bricks," for we were helping to build the European's house. When we went to join in the dances of the people, they cried, "Clear out. We don't want to see the white man's folk. If we allow them, they will draw us also to be with them."

One of our number was bold enough to join them openly in the dance, and shortly afterwards he was killed on the path. This frightened the children, and none of them would come to be taught. When we attempted to enquire into the murder of our friend, the people jeered at us, and said: "Consult your books, and your white men. They should be able to tell you who killed your friend. We won't." One day shortly after this I was in the white man '8 house set- ting out the table, and the doctor was lying in bed very ill. Suddenly I heard a rush of people outside, and women fleeing to NJuyu hill. They cried out that a war party wason its way to kill the Europeans and the people of Mop.o who had befriended them. I roused the doctor, and though he was very ill, he went out, and climbing an ant-hill, he looked through his glasses. In the distance he saw a regiment on the march. It was not making for the mission house, but for another village of Moho, where it seized the cattle and goats, and tlwn returned to Ekwendeni, whence it had come.

(To be contintle(l)

Forty-Five Years After

BY REV. ALFRED C. WRIGHT, GUADALAJARA, MEXICO I -N 1872, following up the splendid opening made by Miss Melinda Rankin of the American and Foreign Ohristian Union, mission- aries were sent to Guadalaja'ra, Mexico, and in spite of the bitterest opposition of the Roman Oatholics, converts were gained and groups of evangelical believers were established in many different points in the Isurrounding country, which is one of the most thickly inhabited agricultural regions of the Republic.

Early in 1874, one of the missionaries of the American Board, Rev. John L. Stephens, went f'rom Guadalajara to Ahualulco, where a small- group received him cordially. He Tented a house on the central plaza for services and for a night school, and was rapidly gaining the sympathy and the active cooperation of a considerable number of the people.

The parish priest, however, was aroUised by his success, openly denounced him from the pulpit, forbade his own flock to have any dealings with the Protestants, and burned in the plaza such Bibles and evangelical literature as he could lay hands upon. Not satisfied with these measures, he incited the people to mare definite action. Getting together a mob of the most fanatical and ignorant. after furnishing them freely with intoxicating liquo'r, he sent them out at midnight to attack the house of the missionary.

Aroused by the stoning of his door and by the shouts of the mob, with his Bible in· his hand, Mr. Stephens climbed to the roof, together with the Mexicans who we're with him in the house. The door wrus soon broken down and the mob rushed in. Others had gained entrance from the back, and among them were seveTal of the town guards dreiSsed in uniform. Stephens, thinking that these would protect him, climbed down and appealed to them, but was felled by the stroke of a mache~e, and was hO'rribly cut to pieces by the infuriated mob.

Later his Mexican helper, Jesus Islrus, was found and murdered; and a blind boy, who had been the innocent recipient of kind attentions from Stephens, was brutally killed. The p'riest who instigated the crime escaped, but the government arrested three hundred of the mob and retained one hundred of them for formil trial, of whom twenty were convicted. About eight were executed and the rest were sentenced to imprisonment for life.

This was forty-five years ago. Has Mexico changed in these years 1 On March 2, 1919, the anniversary of the martyrdom of Stephens, the missionari('s at Guadalajara were invited by the * From the Missionary Herald.

687

church at Ahualulco to attend a commemorative service such as is held each year on this date. The house in which the crime was perpetrated wa:s secured for mission premises soon after the scene described, the owner contributing about half of its value for that purpose. A congregation was soon formed, first under the American Board, subsequently transferredlo the Methodist Episcopal Ohurch South, and has just been turned over again to the American Board, in accordance with the new cooperative plan of mission work now being inaugurated in Mexico.

While the carnival which precedes Lent was at its height, with services crowding the great church to its capacity and with hundreds of adherents, chiefly pure Indians, kneeling in the open court and out to the middle of the street; although many devotees had taken advantage of the open booths on the plaza, devoted to the sale of liquor, to get drunk; and although they promenaded the plaza in front of the evangelical church with bands of music and songs, yet not a word offensive to the Protestants was heard.

The church proper was not used on this occasion, rus it was not a strictly religious service, though held on Sunday night. But the extensive corridor at one side was draped with evergreen. a large picture of the martyred Stephens was surrounded with wreaths, a platform for ispeakers was arranged at one side, and an orchestra of five pieces was employed to provide the music. A vivid description of the events leading up to the assassination and of the event itself was read, and there, followed an address by the director of the public schools, not an evangelical, but a warm sympathizer, recitations, and music by the orchestra.

The influence of evangelical Ohristianity in that place may be judged from the fact that two of the mOist highly esteemed of the public school teachers are graduates of our Instituto Oolon, and the director of schools and his wife were educated under evangelical influences. A former student of the Collegio Internacional is employed in the office of the tax collecto'r; and two other graduates of Instituto Colon and of a training school for nurselS at San Antonio, Texas, are considered the best medical authorities of the place, and are busy constantly with ~patierits rrom all classes of society.

These two trained nUI'lses have offered their services to the mission, free, for two hours daily, to direct a clinic and dispensary in a room now being built as an addition to the mission property. The poor will be treated f'ree of charge and medicines will be provided at cost to those needing such aid, while religious instruction will be given to all who apply there for treatment. It is proposed to name the Toom "Sala de Ou.raciones Stephens," in memory of the first martyr of evangelical Ohrilstianity in Mexico.

Appeal from

A RCHBISHOP PLATON, the senior surviving Bishop of the Russian Church and the Metropolitan of Kherson and Odessa, who spent seven years of his life in America, has now come over from Russia to ask help for his people against the Bolshevism that has brought ruin to Church and State. While Archbishop Platon is asking help for his own Church, and has never been sympathetic to the evangelical Christian work in Russia, it is of real interest to read bis plea; and the plight of the Russian Church should lead to prayer that through this affliction the Church may come to true spiritual life. The Russian Church is today the strongest organized force against Bolshevism, infidelity, anarchy, immorality, and the attendant evils so rife in Russia. The awful sufferings of the Jews at the hands of Russian churchmen in past days are now being visited on the Church, whose buildings are destroyed and whose priests and people are persecuted. f;lynagogues are spared in regions where the Bolsheviki are in power.

ARCHBISHOP PLATON'S APPEAL The wrath of God, justly directed against us, continues to be poured forth on Russia. The exceeding great distress of the Christian Russian nation has reached its climax. The Russian people, numbering over two hundred million souls, is perishing. No human power or words can describe the affliction and horrors of the Russian tragedy of today. The history of the world has nothing on record to compare with it. The faith of a most r~ligious people has been humiliated, derided, profaned. One half of the educated class, small at best, have been massacred. Russian women, of the type described by Pushkin, Turgeneff and other masters of Russian literature, have been violated and dishonored. Children have been mercilessly butchered. The machinery of government has been destroyed. Agriculture and industry have been deranged. The finances of the country have been completely exhausted.

I pray you to support and succor a great nation, even if you cannot save it from destruction. Help it by your prayers to God on behalf of the most unhappy of countries. . . . Prevail upon your fellow-countrymen to help an unfortunate people, who have fallen into the hands of thieves (Luke x, 15). Call upon your charitable societies and organizations speedily to assist the Russian people. Persuade your women to help by their sympathy, to dry the bitter tears of Russian mothers, sisters and daughters, who have been cruelly violated by monsters from hell in the shape of human beings ….

To the calamities of the Russian people already enumerated, still another is now being added-the most awful of all-HUNGER. The most fertile of lands, the erstwhile granary of the world, has been turned into a land of famine under the rule of the Bolsheviki. People are dying from exhaustion. Epidemics are raging. There are no medicines.

It is not possible that Russia's present downfall represents the end of 689

her history. Russia will yet play a great part in the activities of the world. Only let her fulfil her historic part as your friend and ally, let her not desert to the camp of your enemies, for she has only yielded to necessity and. does not accept her present fate as final. . . .

Russia is now an enormous prison, shut off from the whole world by a broad and lofty wall. More than two hundred million people are immured within that prison-people who are, as you know, kind-hearted, simple, politically youthful and inexperienced in the negative qualities of world politics; a nation deceived, a nation wilfully and deliberately poisoned and drugged. In this prison they are being tortured, racked and tormented. Why do your nurses and men workers now not hasten to Russia, the land where torture, torment, suffering and death have been legalized under fine-sounding, socialistic and communistic phrases? The only reply to that question, which I can imagine, is that you are not acquainted with the actual conditions prevailing in Russia. Continue and enlarge at all costs the splendid work accomplished by your Young Men's Christian Association on behalf of our suffering prisoners and also on behalf of our soldiers and other young men.

The Russians are critically ill, but they are not yet beyond the hope of recovery. Russia's sickness is severe, but it is not deep-rooted. Bol- shevism was imported into Russia. The first to be inflicted with Bolshevism were those Russians who had severed their connection with their native land, who were imbued with the most violent anger towards their native land, for various reasons. Bolshevism captivated the youth of Russia, especially those who were at the front during the last stages of Russia's participation in the great war. Bolshevism also won the sympathies of a section of our unorganized industrial workers, and of a certain proportion of our peasantry, who certainly had just cause to complain of their unenviable lot. These, however, represent only a small percentage of Russia's inhabitants, who number more than two hundred million souls. The overwhelming majority of native born Russians are terrorized, or are simply holding their peace for the present. They are disgusted with the reign of terror which has been set up in Russia, and under which the whole land is groaning. . . .

The Russian people are not yet organically infeeted. They are in the throes of a violent fever; they are burning and shivering in its paroxysms, but they will speedily recover, if only their faithful Allies will help them. Help and save the unhappy Russians, who, although humiliated, despised and dishonored, are verily great and fine, even in their ruin. . . .

Sooner or later, Russia will rise again, but she will never forget it if America abandons her in her hour of grievous suffering. In like manner she will never forget it if America helps her.

This stirring plea is wholly for physical help. Russia needs relief for body and soul, and the only power that will save Russia is the spiritual help which thus far the authorities of the Russian Church have refused to receive from the Christian forces of America and England. The Russian Church is being aroused b~cause of their intense physical and political distress. This may, perchance, be the means of awakening in them the sense of their spiritual need.

BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, RICHMOND

Chairman of the Committee on Methods of Work of the Federation of Women's Foreign Mission Boards GLEANINGS FROM THE SUMMER CONFERENCES N ever did any other year have so many Summer Conferences so large:y attended as has 1919. From one conference alone two hundred registration fees had to be returned because there was 110 more room. The REVIEW is l1!ad to pass on some choice things from some of the conferences, which will be suggestive to leaders of smaller conferences and to the local churches.

FIRST AND LAST, PRAYER auditorium in which the meetings were held and the assembly room ONE strong feature of the seven in which meals were served had conferences conducted by the In- their walls transformed by charts ter church World Movement was the which spoke striking and eloquent spiritual emphasis, directed by Mr. messages. These charts may be W. E. Doughty, Associate General secured for use at other conferences Secretary. Weeks before the con- from Mrs. Horace M. Hill. The ference date each leader received sets of posters issued by the Couna card giving a call to prayer for cil of Women for Home Missions the conferences. As each delegate and the Federation of Women's registered, a call to prayer was Boards of Foreign Missions have mailed with the registration card. been in. convincing evidence at all. There was a daily period of in- the conferences. These may be tercession in each conference which obtained at fifty cents a set from was spent not in talking about denominational boards. prayer but in praying. Little groups kept Morning Watch on the One poster which attracted much heights of the Blue Ridge Mountains attention was home made and called in North Carolina, on hillside and by to the study of the text book the lake at Silver Bay, New York, "A Crusade of Compassion." On down on the beach at Ocean Park, a large sheet of card board was Maine, on the mountain peaks at pasted a picture of an ambulance Estes Park, Colorado, by Lake Gen- and a Red Cross nurse. Underneath eva, in Visconsin, and in the beau- were printed the words, "After ties of the early morning in Asilomar, Red Cross and War Work-What? California and Seabeck, Washington. The Crusade of Compassion," fol- To each delegate at an of these lowed by an announcement of a conferences, at the last session a card study class and an invitation to was handed for "The Homeward join. Way." The card gave a beautiful poem of consecreation together with The Christian Americanization an outline of prayer for the home- Charts made by Miss Brenda Mehlward journey. house utilized in a very clever and effective way the patriotic emblems POSTERS AND CHARTS and border effects obtained from rolls of crepe paper. A roll of Among the most attractive posters crepe paper, a jar of paste, some and charts seen during the summer striking fact from "Christian Amerwere those made by Mrs. Horace icanization" together with a little in- M. Hill and displayed first at the genuity wiII give atmosphere as well Minnesota School of Missions. The as information to any meeting.

691

HUMANIZING THE AUTHOR that tin shop she sped with eager feet. No one being in charge to "Belle J. Allen, M. D., author" wait on her, she lifted the knife looked like a star from another to cut off th€i strip of tin and cut off world to the girls in a summer her finger instead. conference. The "M. D." was enough to command respect. The "author" "It's all over now. Her recovery was rapid, both from the amputaadded a bit of awe, as they gazed tion and from the infatuation for at the text book "A Crusade of Com- curls. If she had been successful passion," and the years of service in who knows what might have hap- Japan and India put her on a pin- pened to her. Failing in her effort nacle that seemed absolutely un- she turned her attention from curls approachable. Then there was a to weightier matters with such emifore finger missing from one hand nent success that 'Belle' became the which added the last touch of mys- lady to whom I now have the tery and reverence. There were var- pleasure of introducing you, Dr. ious rumors afloat about that finger. Belle J. Allen the distinguished au- Some said that it had become in- thor of our text book 'A Crusade fected during an operation that of Compassion.''' saved the life of a Hindu widow. Some suggested one form of sacri- It was a bit disappointing to have ficial service and some another to to give up the rumors of the noble account for it. One even dared to sacrifice of that finger on the altar go so far as to say that it had of missionary service and quite a been bitten off in a thrilling mis- descent from the thrill of the tiger in the jungle to the shudder of the sionary adventure with a tiger in knife in the tin shop, but the. rethe jungle. straint was gone and the girls of the conference, flocked eagerly and un- Meanwhile the distinguished au- derstandingly around its humanized thor walked apart and the girls re- author. garded her with awe-until she was humanized by a daring friend who A MOHAMMEDAN INCIDENT had inside information on her pre- At the Silver Bay Missionary Edmissionary proclivities. ucation Conference the crowds were "Once upon a time" said she gathering for the evening pageant. They were reluctant to leave the "there was a little girl whose name beauty of the outdoors till the signal was Belle. Her hair was as straight should call within. In such a still as is the path the needle doth point moment the figure of a Mohammeto the Pole. With longing eyes she dan mullah appeared in the tower looked at the beautiful curls which of the auditorium and from the clustered about the heads of some wide opening tn the belfry intoned of her companions while her own the monotonous call to prayer, "La locks hung limp and straight. That allaha-illa-'llahu, Mohammed Raswas before the day of electric curl- ulu ?-Alah-with each cadence raisers and magic waves, so Belle sat ing the pitch or lowering it, as the her down and sighed. Then one custom is. Just as this white turby one she saw certain of her school baned mullah appeared aloft, four mates whose hair was wont to be turbaned Mohammedans were seen straight as her own appear with strolling across the lawn below. At glorious ringlets. She was told that the call to prayer these four immethese wonderful curls were achieved diately spread their prayer rugs, and, by winding the hair around strips of one in front, three in a row behind, tin which might be procured at the all facing towards Mecca went thrice tin shop near by. At last Belle through the prayers and genuflections saw her dream about to be realized. Dazzling visions of herself with bewitching curls, rose before her. To

1919J BEST METHODS

appointed for a pious devotee of World Movement, 111 Fifth Ave., Islam. "Picture Department" for informa- The demonstration caught the eye, tion about securing these slides. the ear and the imagination and will On the last night of the confer- scarcely be forgotten by any. The mullah was Prof. John Clarke Ar- ence a beautiful exercise was given cher of Yale, recently returned from by the choir. The girls marchd several months service in Mesopo- in Processional, two by two, then tamia where such scenes, save for separated making an aisle the length the stretch of green grass, might of the auditorium through which have been fairly duplicated. One marched a second group bearing the of the four devotees was evidently flags of the nations, as they ascenda Chinese Mohammedan, from his ed to the choir seats, those bearing dress. As for the others, truth to the flags stood in a row. When the tell, costumes, turbans and prayer notes of the "Star Spangled Banner" rugs were satisfactorily improvised were struck, above them was unfrom the bedrooms. Why should furled a beautiful American flag we not honor the beholders by asking held by two girls. Then the music something of their imaginations? A changed to "The Son of God goes suggestion will do for costume-a forth to war," and above all the towel, a tablecloth, a piece of car- flags was uplifted a beautiful white pet. The result was such an un- cross, as the voices of the girls hurried, careful imitation; and three sang "Who follows in His Train," times repeated, as' permitted of par- The exercise was both impressive ticular observation by the hundreds and inspiring and can easily be adaptof beholders. If part of missionary ed to a program for a local church. education is to give our people to understand how others live, such a Another good suggestion was an scene has real value. impersonation of that familiar little poem, "The Madonna of the Curb," MILES B. FISHER. having one girl to recite the poem while a smaller girl with a little child HOME MISSIONS AT NORTHFIELD in her arms sat on an improvised curb. The poem may be secured By Alma Noble from the denominational literature Christian Americanization was of headquarters. course the keynote. It was stressed and it was visualized in many ways Other material for effective imper- sonation may be had from "Helping * and from many angles. the Helpless in New York," (pub- "The new Democracy," a very effective yet simple pageant was lished by Revell Co.). "The Hapgiven on the lawn of the Northfield piest Plan" is a pretty little play got- Hotel one afternoon and should be ten out by the Baptist Board for given in every church this year. Young Women. Ruth's Donation For detailed information about the Party, published by the Missionary. pageant apply to Miss May Huston, Education Movement is charming Ford Building, Boston, Mass. for children.

Then there were the stereopticon The conference abounded in praclectures. The one prepared by the heal suggestions for the expression of Interchurch World Movement pre- friendliness and neighborliness tosented most convincingly the call for ward the hosts of new Americans. united advance in Christian Amer- with Christianity as the center and icanization. closipg with "0 beautiful source of all activities. Pageants and for spacious skies," superbly illus- programs had a place in making an trated. Apply to the Inter church impression. but the impulses thus * Published by Ihe Council of Women for stirred were not allowed to go into Home Mission$, 156 Fifth Ave., New York. cold storage.

They were foI!owed up by prac-

tical plans for actual work in Chris- There could hardly be conceived a tian Americanization. more opportune year than 1919 to demonstrate the value of all civilizing REACHING THE UNREGISTERED influences in the missionary enter- prise. Soldiers from India to the At the Minnesota School of Mis- number of 1,250,000; coolie laborers sions the influence was widely ex- from China, 200,000 strong, looked tended by two mass meetings for upon new and strange sights in h!Ung women held, one in St. Paul, France. Through their eyes Asia the other in Minneapolis during the must catch a new vision of social summer school dates and addressed life, of industries, of education, of l>y two of their speakers. Hundreds womanhood, of the western religion, of young women who were not in -Christianity. To truthfully por- regular attendance at the school were tray the letters dictated to nurses, reached with the missionary message doctors and chaplains by the men to in this way. their families back home; to give us glimpses of the home circles in Mrs. A. G. Moody very effectively many a village listening with wonextended the influence of the North- derment to the stra{lge tales of refield Conference by sending invita- turned men-this is Kipling's purtions to the presidents of missionary pose in his graphic sketches-using societies of her own and ten adjoin- his suggestive descriptions in two ing counties to come to Northfield scenes, and other information for for an all day picnic on one of the the third, the following presentation conference days. In the morning a was effectively produced. special session was held. In the afternoon there were talks by mission- SCENE I aries and conference speakers. Many leaders can reach a much larger cir- Hospital in England. A Sikh solcle by taking thought on these two dier, wounded in France, convasuggestions in planning meetings. lesCing, is moved to "let off the fumes of my heart" to his farmer CLASS HYMNS brother in Kashmir. A doctor writes One new feature at a half dozen for him, a nurse is in attendance. or more of the Conferences was The themes which fill the man's the singing of the hymns written by mind "as a buffalo is full of water," Laura Scherer Copenhaver, especially range from agriculture to religion. for use in connection with the study He directs that the elders of his of two of the text books. village be told all his thoughts. Each day after the study of the text books the hymns were sung SCENE II more earnestly. These hymns-UA Crusade of Compassion Hymn" and An Afghan village just over the "A Hymn of Christian Americaniza- Indian border. A family receive and tion" may be had from Literature take counsel over a letter from a son Headquarters, 844 Drexel Bldg, Phil- in "FranceviIle." It is serious for it bears upon the education and maradelphia, Fa. at one cent a copy or riage of his thirteen-year old sister, ten cents a dozen. They may be- Kamala. He begs that her betrothal come a worth while part of classes be delayed and that she be sent large or small. over the border to the mission school, for he has seen that girls too can THE EYES OF ASIA "read and write and cast accounts." The stories of Kipling, gathered in book form under this· title. suggested SCENF, III a timely demonstration to appeal to eye-gate and to illustrate the fruit- A village in China. Ding Wong age of the war as regards missions.

nEST METHODS

returns limping-, "a mere trifle," for Northfield Service Flag was pre- he brings wonderful news to his sented. Standing out from its backgrandmother, mother, wife and neigh- ground of red below the arms, and bors, with gifts also. He has dis- blue above was a large white cross. covered that the secret of greatness On the red ground there were one in western nations is the Book and hundred stars representing former he has learned in the camp school conference delegates who had gone to read it. He is determined to out to the foreign field. On the realize two ideals-that of his wife blue ground were three stars of· reading to him as his nurse read in gold. for those who had died in France, and that of all the village serVIce. knowing the Book and its God. The flag was made of silk and will The demonstration can be obtained in the Fall at the headquarters be displayed at each annual conferof the various Boards under the ence with new stars added each year. title given above. Many delegates made note of this presentation of the service flag and MRS. C. H. DANlJi;LS. will have similar flags for their home chtirches or for conferences, HANGING A SIGN and state and district organizations. Ihe flags may be obtained from Everyone is looking for forceful denominational houses or may be ways of presenting "The Crusade of easily made. Compassion" with its call for Christian doctors and nurses. At a num- AN AMBULANCE FOR VELLORE ber of conferences a simple dramatic given after one rehearsal made an As a gift from the Northfield Conappeal not soon to be forgotten. ference the first ambulance is to go to the Women's Union Medical Col- It is entitled "Hanging A Sign" lege at Vellore, India. To tum from and presents a young American doc- ambulances and supplies for war tor with her diploma and her profes- work to similar necessities for missional sign in hand looking for the sion work seemed so natural that best place' to hang it. Bids are as soon as the need was mentioned entered by the various non-Christian gifts poured in until $2,500 was nations that her sign be hung in given. A cablegram was sent to Dr. their lands. Some of the facts of Ida Scudder, in charge of the Vellore the text book are used to advantage. College, that the ambulance was on It closes with an appeal from the the way. Women of the East to the Women of the West which. at Northfield When, after the meeting, the chairwas given by Mrs. Emrich of Tur- man and treasurer counted the money key in a way never to be forgotten and checks they discovered that a by those who heard it. mistake of $100 had been made in the accounting and report in the The presentation requires only auditorium. about fifteen minutes and it could be given at the beginning or the close Upon reaching home the chairman of a program. It might be given received a letter from a friend who effectively at a meeting of doctors had not been present at the meetor nurses, a student meeting, or at ing and who knew nothing of the any local meeting.* ambulance, but who enclosed a check for one hundred dollars saying she UNFURLING A SERVICE FLAG felt impelled to send that gift for some special need. One of the most impressive moments of the Northfield Foreign HOUSE PARTIES ALSO Missions Conference was when the House parties in the interest of ~es may be had for 10 cents from Lit- everything else, why not house parerature HeadQuartersJ 84~ Drexel Building, Philadelphia, Pa.

ties in the interests of missions? unconsciously we have appropriated The Ocean Park, Me., Confer- as an approach for Americans only ence makes a special feature of house to their God.

parties. The "Dover Red Coats" Herein lies a suggestion for an were much in evidence, while "The "International Night" in some of 'Jur Blue Birds" with their emblem of local churches, which have wiiilin happiness on white hats and sleeves reach students and peoples frc)m and the cosy cottage they termed many lands.

"The Nest," combined all the de- lights of a well chaperoned house A NEW PAGEANT ON THEYEAR·S party with all the privileges of the THEME Conference. House parties in con- A pageant entitled "The St1 iking nection with other Conferences offer of America's Hour"* on the ·.heme undreamed of possibilities. Some for the year, "Christian Americanizahosts or hotesses who wants a bound- tion and Human Conservation,' has less opportunity for next year's con- been a most successful dramatk feaferences· should be considering house . ture of a number of Conferen<' 'So party possibilities. The prologue suggests the tl erne INTERNATIONAL SESSIONS of the pageant: "Hark ye, oil ye people! We come to spread before The presence of delegates from many lands at many conferences add- you a pageant of today. In mil:;'":, ed some fine features. It brought and color, and motion. We sh<:ll about a more genuine Christian paint you a canvass which shall tell a story of this world. Heed well brotherhood, it required the temper- the words of the central figure, ing of the flights of missionary elo- World Spirit, who since time began quence with the accuracy of up-todate facts. It relegated to the has dwelt upon this earth supported past the portrayal of foreign na- by Liberty and Justice. tives to provoke laughter in the gal- "Before these three see the natives leries. of the Past summoned for judgment.

Last of all behold America appear Said one delegate, "When I was before the judgment seat. Hear the seated by that splendid Chinese stu- indictment brought against her by dent whose exquisitely sensitive face the three judges, in the name, Labor, showed how quickly she sensed the Illiteracy, Poverty and (';lild Labor. attitude to her land I suddenly felt Hear also the pleas of foreign lands that some of the presentations of to America for Life and Light. China we have made, playing up WeIcome the ~ife bringing forces of ridiculous customs far too strongly, have been common and unworthy." Education, Human Conservation, and Play. Heed ye well the words On "International Nights" special which Liberty ~pea;"6 III America, programs have been prepared in which some one from every land and let Imagination paint for you the moving dram?_ of world history, represented took part. In many while Conscience repeats in your ears of the pageants and dramatics the the great cho~ds, intoned by the mulparts have been taken not by imita- titude of voices in every language tion but by real representatives of spoken on the earth today, soundthe various countries, who pleaded ing forth the striking of America's with an irresistible earnestness for opportunity to give to the world their land. At one of the Conferences Him~ who only is set for the healing a profound silence which meant of the nations." more than any applause followed the singing by Mrs. Cavan of the Philip- .. Published by the Genera! I,.iterature Gu.n· mittu, 844 ])re:rp! Bldg., Philadelphia) fa, pines of one of the hymns which Price 10 cents.

BEST METHODS

STUDENTS OF TWENTY· SIX NATIONALITIES AT A NORTHFIELD CONFGRGNCE; HERE AND THERE METHODS trips would be arranged at each stop- over. The tickets were made after In a number of Conferences dele- the regulation model with coupons gates were asked to tell some of the to be detached at each stop, the plans they have used most success- last one on the strip reading "Good fully. Some of these you may use in for one first class passage on the your work. steamship 'Imagination' from Boston to Alexandria." The trip was, of A Trip Around the World course, laid out so we could study the countries and missions with which An attractive poster was placed we were most concerned. in the vestibule of our church, stating that the steamship "Imagination" At each meeting we had a conwould sail on a certain date for a ductorette in charge who made up trip around the world; that stops the program, in which different 1Nould be made at certain points that speakers told us of the points of inpassengers might have opportunity to terest in the country, of its social study the character and customs of customs, its religions, the mission the country and its people; that spe- work being done there, etc. Anycial refreshments peculiar to the one baving souvenirs or curios country would be served at each s:op and an opportunity be given to of any kind from the country at inspect i.nteresting exhibits of souv- which we were stopping was asked enirs. The poster was decorated with to bring them. These were displayed picture of steamer. vVe gave an and opportunity given for asking assurance that there would be no and answering questions. seasickness, and that interes:ing side After the program, guests were in-

vited to the church parlor where first meeting of the year. When the plates were passed for an offerlight refreshments, suggestive at least ing of money another plate was passed asking for an offering of of the country studied, were served. ·prayer. On this second plate were slips upon each of which was a We were fortunate in having a picture of a missionary with a short sketch of her life, and work. Each friend who had traveled all over member was asked to take one home missionary and one foreign missionthe world and who had lived in ary and to become the praying mate, "working together through prayer." many fot;eign lands. She supplied These 'slips with pictures were fur- nished free by our Board. many interesting articles which she Our most important step of all had collected at various times and however has been our Prayer Band.

places. These with the additional From ten to a dozen of us who have signed the prayer covenant card things secured from other members meet weekly for intercessory prayer. We use Andrew Murray's "With made intensely interesting meetings. Christ in the School of Prayer" for a short time of mediation. Then Our trip was a great success, the the requests for prayer are given. Many and varied have been these attendance large and the interest requests, some even coming from headquarters at Boston. The church keen. I am sure other societies turns to us repeatedly with requests and this little meeting place of prayer would enjoy a similar journey as has become a place of power. Amaz- ing have been the results. Somemuch as we did. times they seem almost miraculous. We have prayed for laborers to be MRS. G. W. CHAFFEE, sent forth into the fields. Three have decided to go out Hom our own Prospect Hill Congregational Church, church.

. Somerville, Mass. Nothing-rain nor shine, summer's heat, nor winter's snow-interfere Three Important Features in our Society with our meeting toge~her weekly for prayer. Park Memorial Baptist Church, Springfield, Mass. We have a com- A book is kept in which requests mittee of three, the president making for prayer are entered. We mark a fourth, among whom we divide the them with a star as they are annames of those who cannot attend swered. our monthly missionary meeting. One woman is very deaf, another, who is We prayed for the conversion of vitally interested, is a music teacher, a young physician. According to the who has a rest period of fifteen "exceeding abundantly" of God's minutes between lessons. To these promise. He answered for not only members who cannot attend we give did the young doctor accept Christ the names of all those who are to himself, but his two sisters came have any part on the program, upon with him. the day of our meeting, asking them to be in prayer at the very time of our meeting and in a prayerful spirit all the day for the meeting. We mention especially those who timidly and with fear are taking part for the first time. We give all the information we can which will enable this absentee band of intercessors to pray intelligently.

Great blessing has come upon our meetings and we feel that at least in part the secret of it is in this praying force back of us.

Another good thing was at the The methods you have tried successfully in your church, or Sunday-school, or missionary society would likely help someone else if you would pass them on through the REVIEW. Address Mrs. E. C. Cronk, 222 Fourth Ave., New York City.

PRAYbR

is the greatest aVenue of S£RVIC£, ~. commumtv'

gz~tJ must PRAY You I The Woman's Home Mission Bulletin EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, NEW YORK Executive Secretary, Council of Women for Home Missions NEW POSTERS in repeated sets around a room, so ·SET of posters has been pre- that which ever way one looks the A pared which each Woman's Mis- same message strikes home, will be sionary Society will wish to display found cumulatively effective.

prominently. The message of a The accompanying illustrations speaker appealing for a more perfect show two of the set of six posters service at a program meeting will be published by the Council. Electro emphasized by the "Call to Service" duplicates of these illustrations may at her side on the platform and by be borrowed from the Council for the poster hung before the pulpit, use in denominational papers. The visualizing the truth of the place of symbolic figure with the flags of prayer in the spiritual economy. country and Church has been adopted Soon will be held the regular fall as emblem by the Council. On the District and Presbyterial gatherings; poster, two groups personify the the force of these is greatly aug- needy ones succored by the Boards mented by poster appeals. A study constituent to the Council: Indian, class session may well climax in the Negro, Spanish-American, Immicontemplation of a succinct sentence grant. One of the other posters on a poster. Speakers frequently graphically presents the need of unity make use of the value of a recurring and cooperation. We are told that impression by the repetition of an there is melody in oriental music, but aptly-phrased verity until its message not harmony, that only Christian sinks deeply in the hearers' sub-con- lands have harmony in their music. sciousnes~. Advertisers long ago The Master has written our symlearned the worth of repetition. phony; may we each be attuned to Posters, serving as decoration, hung prodnce the perfect consonance He 699

has planned. The constituency and and the genius of those who had seemed to be serving only Mammon was devoted affiliations .of the Council are pre- passionately to a principle, and that the blood of those who came in seeming sented on .one of the posters, the greed to America was shed gloriously in the high enterprise which called Amer- study books and supplemental ma- ica to this new world crusade. Moses in the burning bush speaking with God, Saul terial are illustrated on another, on the road to Damascus, never came closer to the force outside ourselves which while still another is the poster used makes for righteousness,-the force that has guided humanity upward through the so effectively in the Victory Liberty ages,-than America has come in this hour of her high resolve. And yet for Loan campaign: "Americans All," fifty years she has come into this holy ground steadily, and unswervingly; indeed, displaying an Honor Roll of fourteen ror a hundred years, for three hundred years from Plymouth Rock to the red names evidencing various nationali- fields of France, America has come a long and perilous way-yet always sure, and ties in parentage. The Government never faltering.

has generously given the Council a "To have lived in the generation now passing, to have seen the glory of the large supply of these posters which coming of the Lord in the hearts of the people, to have watched the steady tri- can be advantageously used, especially umph in our American life of the spirit of justice, of fellowship over the spirit of in connection with the study book of greed, to have seen the Holy Ghost rise in the life of a whole nation, was a the year. blessed privilege."

"The Heart of a Fool," a recent Well is it that this year we are centering our thoughts upon Chrisbook by William Allen White, con- tian Americanization, the achieve- ment of national unity, the fulfilling tains the following passages epitomiz- of the spirit of America, servant to the world because she is servant of ing the spirit of those "Americans her Lord and Master, the Servant, the Son of Man. All" : A STL'DY BOOK GLANCE BACKWARD "Here lay a continent-rich, crass, ma- terial, beckoning humanity to fall down AND FORWARD and worship the god of gross and palpable realities. And, on the other hand, By MRS. FRANK M. GOODCHILD here stood the American spirit-the eter- Seventeen books in seventeen years nal love of freedom, which had brought speak eloquently of Home Mission men across the sea, had bid them fight study by Christian women in the kings and principalities and powers, had United States. forced them into the wilderness by the hundreds of thousands to make of it 'the The Ecumenical Conference of homestead of the free' ….. . 1900 convinced certain devoted wo- men of the necessity of more careful "This spirit met the god of things as missionary instruction. And so in they are, and for a generation grappled in faith the Home Mission Study a mighty struggle. Course was initiated. One of the first books published was "Under "And men said: The old America is OUf Flag," written by Miss Alice M. dead; America is money mad; America Guernsey, who has been the patron is a charnel house of greed. Millions and saint of the movement. With no millions of men from all over the earth capital except tremendous earnestness .came to her shores. And the world said: these promoters attempted the diffi- They have brought only their greed with cult task of distributing the books them. And still the struggle went on. through the various denominational The continent was taken; men abolished the wilderness. A new civilization rose. boards, and set about persuading And because it was strong, the world said it was not of the old America, but of a new, soft, wicked order which wist not that God had departed from it.

"Then the n'ew epoch dawned; clear and strong came the call to Americans to go forth and fight in the Great War-not for themselves, nor for their own glory, nor for their own safety, but for the soul of the world. And the old spirit of America rose and responded. The long inward .struggle, Been only by the wise, only by those who knew how God's truth conquers in this earth, working beneath the surface, deep in the heart of things, the long inward struggle of the spirit of America for its own was won.

"So it came to pass that the richness of the conlinent was poured out for an ideal,

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN 70r

Christian women to their diligent His ardent temperament, his instinc- tive compassion and his training have use. fitted him to interpret to the favored Nor were they mistaken about their citizens of America the deep yearn- ing at the heart of European immiclientele. A quiet but effective grants. His innate sense of justice propaganda has circulated the books, and his own virile manhood have organized study classes, captured in- saved him from the mistake of petdifferent women, opened lecture ting the foreigner, a snare to so courses and summer assemblies until many social workers. Added to all thousands who once felt but the most this, Dr. Brooks firmly believes casual concern for the spread of the in the regener<;Lting power of the Gospel in America, have become posi- sacrifice of Jesus Christ for the re- demption of the world, and does not tive forces for righteousness. hesitate to offer this gospel as the When the Council of Women for one sure solvent for the evils in America's social order. Home Missions was formed twelve years ago, this text-book work was This book, in common with other assumed by it and placed under a great social studies, attracts the committee with Miss Guernsey as its reader to further research; while efficient first chairman. For the past making no pretense at finality, it inseven years Mrs. John S. Allen has duces a hopeful attitude towards the been the head of the committee, lend- most perplexing questions, and iming to the task her calm, clear judg- parts to the sordid trappings of alien ment, a rich experience in Christian life such a glamour of idealism that work, and a literary taste and acu- participation in social betterment bemen which guarantees a successful comes positively inviting.

product. The first chapter is a study of The book for 1918, "The Path of America's experiment in democracy. In contrast with Russia's wild orgy Labor," has had a circulation of in projecting a self-governing state, fifty-five thousand. If publishing the early Americans, through their conditions had warranted, another colonial experience, advanced in oredition could have been sold. The derly progress into intelligent nabook on Mormonism had probably tional life. But the sturdy virtues the largest sale, "Conservation of Na- of pioneer days have been wearing tional Ideals" foHowing closely with thin under the refinements of comsomething over sixty thousand; "In fort. With genuine alarm, earr:est Red Man's Land" had a,pproxiinate1y students cif our times have marked a similar sale. The Presbyterians our indifference toward the perils lead in the use of the books, with threatening national unity. The enor- Methodists close behind and Baptists mous influx of foreign peoples has next in line. aroused in most of our citizens only disgust at their unpleasant habits, or The success of the movement nat- else satisfaction at the possibilities of uraHy attracted the attention of other their commercial exploitation. But mission agencies, and this year the the alarm of war roughly awakened Missionary Education Movement re- America from complacency. Friend quested the privilege of co-operation and foe, alien and citizen were in joint publication of the book, brought face to face. Loyalty and "Christian Americanization, A Task disloyalty stood out in bold contrast. for the Churches." The women will- The years of trifling with the crying ingly assented and an initial edition evils of immigration now uttered of seventy thousand is now on the sharp rebuke, and social workers market. The author, Charles Alvin who had long labored to rouse the Brooks, Secretary for Foreign-speaking Missions of the American Baptist Home Mission Society, in this book made a valuable contribution to the study of America's social problems.

public conscience, scarcely controlled temptible atoms of the dust of autoctheir passionate, "I told you so." racy. And because America is young and strong, with daring and initiative While the war revealed the neces- and the spirit of adventure, with no sity for national unity, the end of traditions of the past to fetter her, the war has by no means achieved with plenty of room to expand,with our unification. True Americanism unlimited supplies of the necessities is not in providing capable men for of life, she is the Land of Opporan obedient army, not in standardiz- tunity, the Land of Liberty, God's ing them like peas in a pod, nor in Country "where the air is full of compelling the use of a common lan- sunshine, and the flag is full of guage, nor in perfecting a liberal stars." government, nor in .breeding an exclusive people with a supreme con- At the end of Dr. Brooks' second tempt for all other lands. The true chapter every reader must echo his American holds in sacred trust a great ideal of liberty not for his own * fervid thanksgiving: "America, my enjoyment, but to pass on to those in bondage, and no man craving free- country, thank God!" dom is too mean to be lawful heir. Nor will Americanization be com- A NOTEWORTHY SERVICE pleted until everyone who shares the bounty and protection of this land of Eighteen and a half years of enthe free, gladly pledges everything, thusiastic, arduous, constructive, sec- retarial service for Home Missions even to life itself, to keep burning has Mrs. Robert W. MacDonell given the sacred fires of liberty. In this to the Southern Methodist Church. task Dr. Brooks sees the salvation of After eight years of loving service in America, for by introducing millions Mexico with her husband, until his of foreign birth to the inheritance of death, she became General Secretary a great national life, she will have of the Woman's Board of Home assured her own continued existence. Missions and was somewhat of a pioneer in promoting Christian work The second chapter admits the ar- among Negroes, Mexicans, and deriving foreigners into partnership pendent girls. During her secretarywith American hopes and endeavors. ship also the office of Deaconess was All that is asked of them is loyalty created and a system of social cenand sincerity. They, too, have come ters and of cooperative homes for to discover America, as did our working girls was developed. The heroic ancestors. And now America last half of her service has been deundertakes a singular and splendid voted particularly to the Home Deadventure: to make a nation out of partment of the Woman's Missionary fragments of the world's peoples; a Council. These years of arduous dissected puzzle, to be assembled fin- labor taxed her strength to the limit, ally a new race of mankind. She and Mrs. McDonnell felt compelled has no precedent to guide her. In to tender her resignation which was other lands and other ages, combina- accepted with regret. tions of races into a nation have been formed by subjugation, by incorpora- A fellow-officer writes: "When the tion or by adjustment; but for inside history of Home Missions in America is reserved the experiment our Church shall be written, her of assimilating most unlike elements name will be in the front rank of into a united whole. This new world those who have thought and wrought has been new life to uncounted mil- to a fine and high purpose in this cause." lions who in Europe were but con- * Succeeding issues of the Bulletin wilI con· tain digests of the remainder of the book.

fROM .MrANY

JAPAN-CHOSEN Christian school had an effect on the hearts of the pupils that worked its Sunday School Convention in Tokyo way to the surface through their countenances. Christian Advocate. JAPANESE interest in the World Sunday School Convention, to be The Continuation Committee held in Tokyo in October, 1920, is evident from a letter written by THE JAPAN Continuation Com- Marquis Okuma, of Tokyo, to the mittee, which is a lineal descend- ant of the Committee formed by the late Henry J. Heinz. The letter, Edin} urgh Conference of 1910, links togetner the two union organizations seven feet long and written in Japan- thilt have long been in operation, the ese, was brought by Mr. H. E. Cole- Federation of Japanese Churches man, educational secretary for Japan ~nd the Conference of Federated for the World's Sunday School As- Missions. The Continuation Commitsociation. The Marquis, after ex- tee is composed of forty-five mempressing his gratification that the bers, fifteen of whom are appointed plans for holding the Convention are from time to time by the Federation to be fulfilled, closes his letter as of Churches, fifteen of them by the follows: Federated Missions, and the remain- der are chosen by the. Committee "I have organized the (Koen Kai) itself. General meetings are held Patrons Association among the in- once a year for the transaction of fluential men of my country for en- business and for the discussion of tertaining the convention. Needless important questions touching cooperto say, true peace depends upon the ation and the policy and progress of understanding of the spiritual ideals the Christian movement. of the different countries. Individually I do not doubt that the great Fertile Soil in Japanese Institutions convention will not only be of great benefit to Japan, but that it will give MANY missionaries find the i r a large stimulus to the sympathy and greatest harvest in the factories brotherhood feeling of the humanity of Japan, which have been springing of the world and that it will lead up in every city and where the young to peace and better international un- women from the country are flocking derstandings." to find work and where, as is well known, the sanitary and moral condi- Chlldren of Light tions are appalling. After only a short period these young girls return AJ APANESE mother came to a to their homes physical and social mission school in Japan bringing bankrupts. In some factories there is her two daughters. She wished them a native helper always on hand to to be entered as pupils. The prin- give counsel and care for the sick. cipal asked the usual questions and A less extensive opportunity is found received the usual replies until she in reform schools for wayward boys. came to the query, "What do you ex- Many of them are open to wholepect us to do for your girls?" To some Christian influence. this the woman answered: "I live in this city and have often watched Japanese Peasant Sect the faces of your pupils. They seem to shine more than my children's do. TENRIKYO, a Japanese sect, is I want you to put some of that same said to have 3,500,000 adherents polish on the faces of my girls." It was her way of saying that she recognized that the teaching in that 703

and 2,000 preaching centers. It ing, literature, entertainment, reprevails among the peasants, and wards, music, etc. The fact that so was originated and spread by wom- many Koreans are fitted to lead in en. It commends itself to the an institute of this kind is eloquent Japanese peasantry on the ground testimony to the thorough work done that it is a variation of Shintoism, by the Missions in days gone by. free from any admixture of foreign ideas. Some of its teaching CHINA is analogous to Christian Science as to the art of healing. Tenrikyo be- Women in Church Government lievers. are reported to have been heavy contributors to Belgian relief AT THE Church of England synod funds and are much sought after as of the diocese of Fukien, held at employees in large factories. Like Foochow in February, the question other non-Christian religions, Ten- of appointing women representatives rikyo takes a very compromising at- on the councils of the Church was titude toward sin. considered. The burden of the speeches was to the effect that there Chosen Christian College was much to be learned from wo- men, and that trying to get on with- THE cornerstone of the Charles M. out their advice in the councils of the Stenison Building, the first per- Church was like trying to get through manent structure of Chosen Christian daily life with one hand only. Final- College, was laid on April 19, by ly the synod decided almost unan- Mrs. H. G. Underwood, whose hus- imously that women should be band was founder and first president eligible as representatives, not only of the College. This is the first of on pastorate committees and church five buildings, and funds for four of councils, but also on the synod itself. them are already assured. Model homes for the families of the faculty Church Missionary Review. and married students will be erected, and will exemplify the most modern Prayer for Israel in Eastern Asia ideas in equipment and sanitation. Because of the disturbed conditions THE FUKIEN branch of the in Korea, no formal invitations to the Prayer Union for Israel held its ceremony were issued, and there was eighteenth annual meeting recently at only a small attendance of students, Kullang. In Tokyo last February a considerable number of whom were five hundred Japanese Christians under arrest. gathered to hear the testimony of a converted English Jew, and after- Snnday School Institnte for Teachers ward organized the Japanese Prayer Union for Jews. The first Thurs- AN Institute for the training of day of each month is to be devoted Sunday-school teachers, the first to Bible study concerning the Jews, to be held in Korea, was in progress and prayer for their salvation. Twenin Seoul when the revolutionary dis- ty-one groups in Korea meet to pray turbances became 'acute. At least 200 for Israel on the last Thursday of were in attendance. The course cov- every month. ered three weeks, and the students were divided into four groups: first, Agriculture as Related to Evangelism primary teachers; second, intermediate grade teachers; teachers of CHINA has no less than six speadult classes; and fourth, officers of cially trained agricultural missionthe Sunday-school. The program aries, and there is a' growing conviccovered all the important matters of tion that agricultural training has an Sunday-school organization and ad- important place in the missionary ministration, grading, teacher-train- program. A paper advocating the introduction of agriculture in China's middle and primary schools, read at the Honan-Shantung Educational As-

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sociation, mentions the following ways trains, in China as elsewhere, but by which agriculture will serve both while the steamer mail lines at the educational and evangelistic work. end of 1917 totalled 68,000 Ii, and the railway lines, 19,500 Ii, the over- 1. It offers a field for students not land courier routes aggregated 432,000 fitted to become professional men. Ii. From the rail terminus of Honan to Tihwafu in Turkestan, the Chinese 2. It will dispose of the criticism post office maintains a day and night that mission schools do not train stu- service of over 2,000 miles. The dents for life ·work. carriers cover an average of 70 miles a day on foot. Carrying 40 pounds 3. It will send forth students to be of mail, they do 60 miles at a more independent, and thus better stretch, with only short stops for able to support the Church. food. Often the carriers have to contend with floods and when boats 4. It will develop character and a are not available, they swim with the sense of responsibility, and teach the mail bags on their heads. Bands of dignity of labor. brigands sometimes make necessary the suspension of mail service, the The writer of this paper in The mail accumulating at some center, Chinese Recorder further maintains until it is considered safe to proceed that agriculture will demonstrate the with it. practical phase of Christianity, and furnish a point of contact with the The Tanners' Deity eighty-five per cent of China's population who are farmers. TANNING is the chief trade of Kiangchow, Shansi pro v inc e, Chinese God's Annnal Tour called "The Purple City." Among I T IS the custom in each Chinese its myriad temples and shrines is one city to have a "Ch'eng Huang dedicated to the Pi-shen, (hide Miao," or temple where the god of deity), who reigns supreme over all the city abides. In Man Ch'eng, a the industry of skin scraping. His city not far from Paotingfu, this city origin is lost in obscurity, and outgod makes an annual visit to the side of the Purple City his fame is neighboring villages. Like other unknown. Month by month festivals idols, he is constructed of mud and are held in his honor. Traveling beautified with gaudy colors. On this actors are invited to occupy the stage annual tour he is carried in a sedan on the street opposite the temple chair in the manner of a bride, al- door, and for three days, from ten though unlike a bride in being visible. in the morning till long after mid- The procession is headed by young night, there is the constant din of men carrying a gun, whose detona- clashing cymbals and strident gongs. tions sometimes shatter windows. A In the summer, processions; in wingroup of fanatics follow, carrying in- ter, fireworks; and in all seasons, cense pots which are suspended by candles, meat offerings and incense hooks caught in the under part of make up the worship of this deity. their forearm. Other paraders wear placards hung about their necks "It is impossible that anyone in the which proclaim some crime they have tanning trade should become a Chriscommitted. The custom seems well tian," a missionary was told when he established in Man Ch'eng. took up his r~sidence there in 1914. A year later, one of the most skilled China's Man System of the craftsmen was baptized and continues to witness for Christ. ROBBERS, beasts and floods are Others have followed, but fear and ,'the per<ils against which the superstition is holding many back. Chinese postal authorities must safeguard their carriers. One is likely to think of post offices as receiving and distributing mail by steamers and

SIAM AND LAOS tians in the diocese who have been won from the lowest state of degra- Leper's Systematic Giving dation and ignorance, and in turn they are supporting a mission to THE ENVELOPE system is an carry the gospel into regions where innovation of the leper church at it is now unknown. Chiengmai, Siam. Where to get the envelopes was the problem that con- The Congregationalist. fronted the members, but with a pile of white paper scraps from the mis- Agricultural Missions sion press at their disposal, the lepers fashioned their own envelopes, al- THE Mission Demonstration Farm, most without hands. The crude, mis- Burma, India, has grown from shapen envelopes piled in the collec- ten to twenty acres. On one half tion basket the first Sunday there- sugar cane has been grown, on the after gave evidence of the difficulty other half rice. It is expected that fifwith which the mutilated stumps of teen tons of brown cake sugar will hands had worked. The weekly be yielded. The poultry business has offering has always been about 60 been a great success. The greatest encents, but the first envelope collec- couragement to the agricultural plans tion reached the high mark of $1.44. is the fact that the Government of Burma is willing to help in de- INDIA veloping an agricultural school at Pyinmana. It has made plans for The National Missionary Society an agricultural college at Mandalay, with 4 number of experiment sta- THIS native Christian soc i e t y , tions located over the province. The which has been at work for college at Mandalay will touch only about thirteen years, conducts mis- those who have passed the high sions at six centers, all except one school, while the Burman agriculhaving ordained Indian missionaries. tural school is designed to reach the There is one medical missionary. sons of farmers who are able to get The Society's income in 1918 was only a common school education. the largest ever received, amounting to 25,450 rupees ($8,000). The Southern Workman. steady increase of income from 3,500 rupees the first year promises Burma Student Camp much for the determination of Indian Christians to assume responsi- THE seventeenth annual camp of bility for evangelizing their own the Burma Student Christian Asland. sociation was held at Cabin Island, Kokine, from March 28 to April 2. Transformation in Dornakal Various games and social activities were enjoyed, and there was a daily REMARKABLE work has been program, beginning with "Morning done in the native state of Dorn- Watch" at six. a. m. and followed aka! by Bishop Azariah, the first by a morning and afternoon session Anglican Indian Bishop. When he of Bible study, and a devotional serventered this state ten years ago, he ice at sunset. The morning and was the only Christian in the place. afternoon conferences were con- He bought a house and nine acres of land for $100 and started to work, ducted by Prof. W. J. Hutchins, of almost single handed. Among the great masses in the country districts Oberlin, Ohio. who di:::cussed "The there were no roads, no schools, no Duty of Christians to Win Men," security, no justice. The bishop "The Business of Citizens of God's started industrial schools where weav- Kingdom," and kindred subjects. The ing, carpentry and agriculture were Bible Study Circle was conducted by taught. Today there are 60,000 Chris- Mr. W. T. M. Clewes, of Rangoon.

On the last day of the camp, each student was asked to write briefly his

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

impressions of the conferences, and The new Armenia, if the Armenian to tell what theme had most appealed national delegation has its way, will to him. All had gained a deeper extend from nearly the Caspian Sea knowledge of Christian truth, and on the east to Caesarea on the west, had come to see that their first duty and from the Black Sea on- the north was to win others to God. to the Mediterranean on the south- west. It will contain about 130,000 MOSLEM LANDS square miles and a population of 4,300,000. Of these, 2,500,000 will Mecca MOOr the War be Armenians, 500,000_ other Chris- tians and 1,300,000 Turks, Arabs, THE AVERAGE annual number Circassians, Persians, Kurds, Tartars, of hiijis or Mecca pilgrims is etc. given in the Encyclopredia of Islam at 70,000. During war time this has The arguments in favor of Amerconsiderably diminished. But this ica's accepting a mandate for this year is likely to witness a large in- region are presented by ex-ambassacrease in the number of pilgrims. dor Gerard, Hon. John Sharp Wil- The new government of Hejaz has liams, Benjamin Ide Wheeler, Charles now made great improvements in W. Eliot, and others, on the sanitation, security, and facilities of grounds of humanitarian duty as a travel between Jiddah and Mecca. contribution to world betterment, the A leading Moslem photographer has confidence of Armenians in Amerian establishment at Mecca, not far can friendship, the burdens borne- by from the Kaabah sanctuary, so that other nations and the ability of one can now get without difficulty America to render this service. recent photographs of pilgrimage assemblies. It is difficult to realize Such a solution of the problem how the great festival will shape will not involve any great internaitself when the Medina railway is tional difficulty, impose any military completed to Mecca and the port of burden or incur any great expense, Jiddah, and when taxi-cabs become but it will mean untold blessing to available in and around Mecca. Armenians and freedom and protec- tion to Christian progress. Americans C. M. S. Review. have invested millions of dollars and hundreds of lives in Armenia, not Prince Faisal and the Syrian Protestant for selfish financial gain, but for the enlightenment of Armenia and for College the salvation of her people.

AT THE Peace Conference in Turkey Convicts its War Leaders Paris, Ernest Hamlin Abbott interviewed the Prince of the new ENVER PASHA, Talaat Bey and Arabian kingdom of the Hejaz, tind Djemal Pasha, leaders of the heard the Prince's opinion of the Turkish Government during the war, Syrian Protestant College at Beirut. were condemned to death by a Turk- "Daniel Bliss," said Prince Faisal, ish court-martial on July 11. Djavid "is the grandfather of Syria, and his Bey, former minister of finance, and son, Howard Bliss, is the father of Mussa Kiazim, former Sheik-ul-Islam Syria. Without the education that were sentenced to fifteen years' hard this College has given, the struggle labor. For most of the war period for freedom could never have been Talaat Bey was Minister of the Inwon. The Arabs owe everything to terior, Enver Pasha the Minister of these men." War and Djemal Pasha, the Military Governor of Syria. All three ad- America as Mandatory for Armenia mitted the Armenian massacres as a necessity because these people were ASTRONG effort is being made to troublesome. Djemal was instru- induce America to become mandatory for the new state of Armenia, set up by the Peace Conference.

mental in carrying out the massacres toring their former faith, is one outagainst the Beirut Reform League. growth of the Centenary Exposi- This is the climax of a series of tion. Subscriptions are open for this prosecutions, beginning with that of fund and the Methodist Board of Kemal Bey last April, undertaken by Foreign Missions will have the diofficials of the new regime to clear rection of the enterprise. their skirts from blame for participation in the war. Onitsha Industrial Mission A Christian Paper for Turks TRADE and industries are making rapid advance in Africa, especial- THE Rahnuma (Guide) is a bi- ly in Nigeria where coal and tin min- weekly, Christian newspaper pub- ing, lime burning, tile making, rope lished at Aintab, in the characters making, saw mills, the preparation known to the majority of the Turks, of cotton-seed oil to replace linseed, one page in Osmanli Turkish, one in are giving opportunities for the for- Armenian and another in Armeno- mation or development of local in- Turkish. The people of Aintab, even dustries. The Onitsha Industrial though they had to go without bread, Mission is doing such good work in insisted upon having a newspaper, training boys and young men to beand the subscription list has grown come craftsmen that the British Govfrom fifty to four hundred. The ernment has recognized it by the paper contains news, editorials. and a award of a grant of £100. In Basusermon or some Christian educa- toland a considerable development tional article. It is said to be the of glazed and well-finished pottery most important single agency in pre- manufacture is taking place. venting disturbances and quieting the people. The funds for maintaining C. M. S. Review. the paper are supplied by British officers. Christianity and Cannibalism on the Jewish Assembly in Palestine Congo THE first Constituent ~ssembly !n THE Heart of Africa Mission re- the Holy Land will meet III ports remarkable success. At Jerusalem May 18. Four hundred Nala, where work was begun in delegates are to be chosen at elec- 1915,' there are baptisms almost tions participated in by all the Jew- every week, and at Niangara, after ish residents of Palestine. The Jews eight months' work, twenty-seven decided that only Hebrew-speaking people have been baptized. At Wam- Jews shall be eligible as delegates or ba, a station opened still more reofficers at tHis assembly. cently, there are one hundred con- verts. In August, three men were AFRICA set apart as leaders and five as dea- cons. Confessions of some of the Berbers to be Reclaimed converts throw light on what these people were before accepting Christ. CHRISTIANITY had some of its strongholds in North Africa, un- i "My father" said one "killed a til dissension in the seventh century so weakened the churches as to make man, and helped to' eat him." them fall an easy prey to Moham- Another testified: "When I was medanism. Ruins of ancient Chris- three years old I remember my tian churches are still to be found in father killing a man, and because Carthage and other North Africa he had killed my brother I shared in cities. To aid in "the reconquest of eating the stew." It is said that at North Africa for Christianity," and one place the chief's custom when to establish Christian churches in the about to put a man to death was to Berber villages in the hope of res- call out to the executioner: "Come, Bongo, come, Bongo, and take away your meat;" and the chief would

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

actually give salt to be eaten with The Language Need in Africa the victim! The missionaries have now added a translation into Ban- A MISSIONARY in Congo BeIge, gala, the lingua franca of that part Miss Pauline A. Fraser, calls of Africa, of the Epistle of St. attention to the fact that while much James to those of the Gospels of is said and written about the great St. Mark and St. John. unoccupied and unevangelized areas in Africa, very little is noted about C. M, S. Review. the great language need. Tribe af- ter tribe have never had their ver- Wanyamwezi Tribe iacular reduced to writing, so that the people cannot grow spiritually THE Wanyamwezi tribe of East even if they should hear the Gospel Africa is regarded as physically and believe in Jesus Christ. They and intellectually superior to all must have the Bible in their own others in that territory. It was from tongues. It will take years to acthat tribe that the British recruited complish this, but a beginning should their best African troops. Two be made immediately, Christian linyoung men from Aberdeen offered guists are greatly needed. their services to the United Free Church of Scotland, the one as a Christian Work In Madagascar medical and the other as an ordained missionary to this field; but SINCE France took control of the Committee reluctantly decided Madagascar Protestant Christian that this work could not be under- work has been much more difficult taken in view of the fact that this than formerly, being looked upon tribe was situated more than 300 unfavorably by the French Colonial miles from any other work sup- Government. Before permission is ported by that mission and so com- granted to a Protestant Society to pletely out of touch with it, since establish any new out-station, over it must be reached by a different eighty signatures of the villagers repart of the African coast. questing such a station must be pre- sented. Last year Rev. K W. Gale, A Hospital for Mine Workers of the London Missionary Society, received over thirty-six such peti- THE City Deep Native Hospital tions for out-stations, and forwarded is operated to serve the Rand them to the Government. Mr. Gale group of mines in South Africa. reports some most interesting experi- It is fitted with all the care and com- ences in his recent missionary jourpleteness that characterize the best neys into uncivilized heathen disof the local white hospitals and holds tricts. The native pastors put in a high place among the general hos- charge of these new stations are pitals of the British Empire. About ready to endure hardships as good twelve native women nurses are in soldiers of Jesus Christ. These attendance. Near the hospital are college men receive a salarv of only modern, attractively furnished homes twenty-four shillings ($6,00) a for the resident doctor, matron and month; they live in rush huts, have white nurses, with additional quar- only impure water to drink, endure ters for the native nurses. There extreme heat, and are constantly exis great advantage to the mine own- posed to malaria. Their isolation ers in the fact that the native worker from Christian friends is complete. is afforded the best surgical, medical and nursing skill procurable, but The need for Christian teaching in the guiding policy back of this scien- these unreached districts is indetific care is more than economic. It scribable. Morality is unknown. is the practical application of the Parents even build isolated huts for Sermon on the Mount. their unmarried daughters for im- moral purposes for financial gain.

Men are rotting with disease, with proved by the history of Spain and no one to help them. Witch doctors Italy, of Austria and the Latin control the people and bitterly oppose American republics. The papacy is Christianity. When one of these a political machine, with temporal witch doctors is won over, almo~t po:ver a? wel~ ~s a religious organi- zatIOn WIth spmtual claims. the whole village will follow.

EUROPE AND SIBERIA AA Y. W. C. A. Protest NEW organization, to be called Religious Liberty in Ireland the "Evangelical Young Wom- an's Christian Association," has been I T IS said that Ireland is an forI?ed in I:ondon as a protest "imaginary" republic, with an ~gamst the mdefinite, and some- "imaginary" president, Mr. De Va- tlmes rationalistic doctrinal teachlera. But Ireland is not a republic, ing ip. the British Y. W. C. A. Some and is neither independent nor free. 60 branches of the Y. W. C. A. have Independent Ireland may never be decided to cast in their lot with the free, but true freedom is a boon new organization and others in Scoteagerly to be sought. The Irish peo- land and Wales are planning to folple who seek independence from low their example. Similar lines of England are the Roman Catholics work to those in the old Association of the South. The Protestants of will be taken up, such as Travelers' Ulster, the prosperous portion of the Aids, Recreation Centers, Mission- Island, do not wish such liberation. ary Work and Bible Study Classes. According to David O'Connor, late This proposed separation has caused editor of the Sinn Fein Daily, these some leaders in the Y. W. C. A. to promoters of the Irish Republic .qo propose steps to restore the original not wish to establish religious liberty evangelical standards of the Assoin their new state, but to have the ciation. Roman Catholic priests and bishops in authority, and to have "the Catho- War Decreases Sunday School Attendance lic religion openly taught in the public schools as the basis and corner HE official Year Book of the stone of Irish civilization." T Church of England for 1918 re- cords a decline in Sunday-school at- The Roman Catholic Church, tendanc.e of children in England, which the leaders of the Irish Re- amountmg to 60,000 less than in public proclaim as supreme, is di- 1917. Various reasons are assigned rectly opposed to the fundamental for this disquieting fact, among principles of a democratic republic. them the absence of teachers from The authority of the Pope is su- their post. An improvement is expreme, and therefore "government pected with the return of workers of the people, for the people and by from the scenes of war. the people" is impossible. The Catholic Church is also opposed to Advance in Baptist Missions the separation of church and state, and to full liberty of conscience and THE English Baptist Church reopinion. The Church denies the ports that the amount given for right of private judgment and of independent acts which may contra- foreign missions last year was $600,- vene the laws of the Church. In O~O, or $100,000 more than-the presuch a state, marriage and divorce, VIOUS year and the largest amount in education, law making and politics the history of English Baptists. will be under control of church au- Three thousand converts were bapthorities. True independence and tized on the foreign field last year. liberty are incompatible with a government controlled by the Roman Medical Missions ruustrated Catholic Church. This has been A ~EDICAL Miss.ionary Exhibi- tion was held m London in

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June and part of July, and awak- school for recreation, supper and an ened a lively interest, not only hour and a half of study for the by the various tableaus and exhibits next day's lessons. but by addresses, about social and spiritual conditions in other lands. Outside of Paris, other Protestant Demonstrations of medical work, relief has been maintained without with costumes worn and instruments interruption. At Lille, Pastor Bose used, in. Korea, China, India, Is- carried on the regular clubs of his lands and other places, were given. Protestant group, and provided 2,000 There was also a native doctor's meals each week for helpless men, office, a dispensary and an operat- women and children. ing theatre. The Gospel in the VernacnIar Denmark and Missions I N' Rome a welcome innovation THE Lutheran Church of Den- in the church services began from mark which operates mlSSlOns the end of last February. At that in India and Manchuria has come date the Vicar-General issued inthrough the stress of war time vic- structions to the parish priests of toriously. Last year there was a the city that in future at Low Mass, surplus in. the Church's missionary after they have read the Gospel in treasury, and of the fifty-four mis- Latin, they are to turn to the people sionaries which the society expected and read it again in a loud and to have on its staff, sixteen have distinct voice in Italian. On the been sent Qut since the war began. first Sunday in Lent the Society of As many more have been accepted St. Jerome began to issue a weekly and are preparing for service. These Italian leaflet, to be distributed gratis are astonishing facts when one re- among church congregations. Father members how Denmark has been Genocchi, of that Society, has supharassed with high prices and high plied the Bible Society's secretary in exchange. Rome with one of these leaflets. which is well printed, with a picture Moral Leadership in France in front, and contains the Gospel for the Sunday in Italian, followed I T is estimated that even the small- by some comments which form a est of the churches in Paris have sort of sermonette. lost at least from thirty to forty men in the war. The high cost of Bible in the Warld. living and the almost total lack of remunerative work which they can News from Budapest do has left the women and children in helpless panic. Also the moral ONE of the oldest of Jewish Misstamina and energy of spirit is sadly sions is that in Budapest under let down, now that the terrible strain the care of the United Free Church is over. of Scotland. Since the Soviets have taken control there, all religious and The French Protestant Church is educational work has been "nationtaking the lead in supplying moral alized," and representatives· of the leadership and high standards of liv- Communists are placed over the diing, and prominent in this task is rectors. The Soviet Republic has the McAll Mission, which has been decreed that all religious teaching a center throughout the war for the must cease, even prayers in the distribution of relief of all kinds. Girls' Home of the Mission. One In addition to its numerous clubs element of encouragement lies in the and organizations for both men and fact that parents are inquiring what women the Mission has a gymna- will become of their young people sium, where children whose parents if they cannot receive any religious are at work may come direct from training; and another hopeful fea- ture is that the Soviets have not yet

seized the ]i[is5ion funds, although cred books are two: "Kitab al Jil- they have reserved to themselves the wah" (Book of Revelation) and right to seize any property they may "Matzhaf Resh" (Chief Regula~ desire. The Jewish Mission Com- tion5). The first contains only five mittee has made a strong appeal to short chapters, and the second is the British Government on behalf of largely a book of legend. their interests, and it is not believed that these intolerable conditions will Religious Monthly In Siberia continue. A NEW religious monthly called The Bible in ~fodern Greek Blagovest-nik (The Evangelist) is just out. It is published at Omsk, I T is only since the war that the Siberia, by Robert Fetler, a brother Scriptures in modern Greek have of Pastor William Fetler, formerly been permitted in Greece. The of Petrograd, who founded the Rus- Greeks were therefore practically de- sian Missionary and Educational So- prived of the Bible, for few of them ciety in Philadelphia. The paper understood the ancient tongue. One comprises sixteen pages, and the of the workers of the Scripture poor quality of paper and ink used Gift Mission in Salonica reports: testify to the scarcity of those mater- ials in Siberia. One of the items re- "The War has indeed opened up corded in the paper is the closing of large vistas of opportunity in this the Baptist-Stundist Church in Omsk land for those who are engaged in by command of the military authorireligious work. Because of the pres- ties. The church leaders have apence of the Allies it has been possi- pealed to the Siberian Government, ble to get Bibles and portions of the which is headed by Admiral Kol- Scriptures into the country, and thus chak, for the return of their buildto create an appetite for the Word ing, which had been taken over as which would have taken years to a headquarters of the army staff. bring about in time of peace. We are hoping and praying that the new NORTH A~fERICA Liberal Government will let down the bars and allow the Scriptures to Plan to Educate Russian War Prisoners be imported and sold without restrictions." THE Russian Missionary and Edu- cational Society, of Philadel- The Christian. phia, plans to bring over from France from thirty to fifty Russian Devil-Worshippers of the Caucasus converted war prisoners, During their imprisonment in Germany and THE Yezides, call.d by their Austria they came in contact with neighbors "devil-worshippers," fellow prisoners who were Chrislive in a region bordering on the tians, and who by preaching. the Russian Caucasus. Their racial ori- Gospel and giving access to God's gin is in doubt. They are nomadic, Word brought these formerly nonuse the Kurdish tongue in every day converted men to believe in Christ. life and the Arabic in their religion. After the Armistice a number of They number about 200,000, and are them reached France, and the Rusdespised by Christians and Moham- sian Missionary Society is now planmedans alike. Their religion seems ning to bring them to the United to reflect aspects of the teachings 0 f States for education in their schools. Zoroaster, Moses and Mohammed. A campaign to raise a sufficient sum There is nothing in their books or for the purpose is being conducted. practice that would suggest a modeling after the diabolic. Possibly they Missionary Movement in Colleges have acquired their evil pseUdonym because of their secrecy and occult- THE campaign of the Student Ism. So far as known, their sa- Volunteers and the circulation

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

of Lovell Murray's "The Call of a made 23,714 VISIts to hospitals, and World Task" among the college stu- had personal conversation with near- dents of America have helped to pro- ly 60,000 persons and distributed mote foreign missions in many col- over 30,000 tracts and Gospels. leges and universities. Special mis- Some 7,600 people professed con- sion budgets have been proposed and version. The meetings are held in several will hold financial campaigns churches, the open air, rescue mis- for missions in the fall. On the sions, institutions, industrial clubs, Pacific coast five foreign students factories and prisons. from the University of California visited all the colleges of the state The net cost of operating the In- in the interest of a missionary cam- stitute was $211,778.96, and the to- paign. The University of Texas is tal deficit on August 31 was $55,- planning to "put Texas in India" 138.53. This work is worthy of with a gift of $5,000 or more, while generous support. the University of Kentucky leaders have decided to raise a missionary FIanner House, Indianapolis budget each year as a memorial to the fourteen students who sacrificed A TROLLEY trip of less than ten their lives in the war. Dartmouth minutes from the heart of In- College has definite plans formed dianapolis brings one to a strip of for work in Turkey. The colored thickly populated Africa, a mile and colleges of the country are partici- a half by a mile in extent. In the pating in the movement, with the center of this district stands Flanspecial aim of supporting their own ner House, the only community cenmissionary in Africa. ter for the 40,000 negroes of In- diana's capital, who live in dingy, The JIoody Bible Institute dilapidated surroundings, with a minimum of light, air and comfort. A REMARKABLY effective and far-reaching work is being con- The ministrations of Flanner ducted by the Moody Bible Institute, House are many-sided. It serves as Chicago. Not only are horne mis- a clearing house for all kinds of sionaries being trained in large num- helpful activities, including Employbers, and Christian workers in many ment Bureau, Day nursery and Kindepartments of work in the home dergarten, free clinic and anti-tuberchurches, but last year 120 went out culosis society, gymnasium, etc. from the Institute to become foreign Flanner house is not a church, but missionaries. There were 117 stu- seeks to supplement the churches' redents enrolled in the day classes, and ligious instruction by a weekly Sun- 667 in the evening classes. The day-school. former included young men and women from 22 denominations, 42 Conference of New JIissionaries states and 29 foreign countries. The evening classes represented 262 THE twenty-second annual Conchurches in Chicago, 39 denomina- ference of the Presbyterian tions and 136 trades and occupa- Board of Foreign Missions, (June tions. The Bible Correspondence 4-11) at 156 Fifth Avenue, New Courses enrolled 5437 students. York, was record breaking in the number of attendants. The Reformed The work of the Institute is re- Church in America united in this markably thorough and far-reaching. conference and had 22 new mission- It includes courses of study in the aries on the list while Presbyterians Bible, missions, Sunday-school work, are sending out 110 recruits. The music and practical evangelism. The topics under discussion included: number of meetings conducted or at- "World Reconstruction and Foreign tended by students was 59,541; they Missions," "Administrative Systems,'" and "The Missionary's. Equipment." The new appointees go to remote

corners of the earth. Those as- ent languages, assembled to make signed to the Punjab and North In- plans for helping the foreign women dia remained with the Board for of their communities. The three three weeks' special study of Urdu. Chinese delegates came to learn about the Young Women's Christian Conference for Methodist Missionaries Association.

A N intensive training Conference Christian Advocate. for the newly appointed missionaries of the Methodist Episcopal LATIN AMERICA Board was held at Garrett Biblical Institute, Evanston, Ill., July 8 to In Southern Mexico August 1. Among the lecturers were Bishop F. J. McConnell, Dr. E. D. EVANGELICAL Christian work Soper of Drew Theological Semi- is scarcely so far advanced in nary and representatives of the Bible Teachers' Training School of New Southern Mexico as in Guatemala. York and the Boston School of The- A missionary from the latter counology. Over one hundred were in attendance, most of whom left for try when journeying through the their appointed fields at the close of the Conference. Port of Mexico while on his way to Challenge to Methodism the United States for his furlough, THE report of the Committee on inquired where he could find an Findings of the Methodist Episcopal Church, meeting in Cleveland, evangelical chapel, and was told that Ohio, in June reads : "We recommend that we have a campaign of very likely they could give it to him evangelism that shall occupy the preeminent place in the conservation at the drug store. Thinking he program of the Church," and "that might not have been understood, he the goal shall be at least one million souls won for Christ by June, asked if there were not any evan- 1920." The raising of $112,000,000 for missions throughout the world gelists in the town, and received the was a testimony to the material possibilities of the Methodist Church, reply that the priest could explain but the meeting of this important challenge will call for awakened all about that. In desperation, he spiritual fervor. inquired whether there were any A Chinese Y. W. C. A. for New York Protestants in the Port of Mexico, THIRTY-NINE signatures, some and nobody had ever heard of such of them in Chinese characters, were signed to a petition asking for people. a Chinese Young Women's Christian Association in New York City. Last' Guatemala News. August a delegation of the Chinese women attended the big international Revolutions in Haiti conference which the Young Women's Christian Association held for A DEMONSTRATION of the exall foreign young women in the tent to which the many revoluvicinity of New York city. At'this tions through which Haiti has passed meeting more than two hundred has interfered with the normal life of delegates, speaking thirty-two differ- the people is to be seen on the trails of the country districts. On them one passes a never-ending stream of women-mile after mile and nothing but the female of the species-most of them with baskets on their heads. "Where are the men?" involuntarily rises to the traveler's lips. And the reply comes quickly that they never leave their huts, or at least never go abroad, since the sorrowful ex- perience of years has taught them that when they are at large they are apt to be impressed into service by roving "revolutionists." Hence one seldom sees anything but women as one wanders through Haiti.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

.obeah Pratice Brazil, was the renowned possessor of an image of San Antonio, and -ELIEF in "obeah" (obsession by kept it in her home. After a long B an evil spirit) is deeply ground- period of drought her neighbors peti- tioned the old lady that she should ed in Jamaica, and is one of the lend them her "Saint" for nine days, most powerful opponents to Chris- so that they might pray to it for tianity. The "obeah" doctor is usual- that period and then return it. The 1y some disreputable renegade, liv- request was granted, and borne on a ing in poverty and filth, but his stretcher, the image made a round :services are in frequent demand. of visits in the neighborhood, finally When summoned professionally, he being returned to its glass case and enters the patient's room and calls a tribute of burning candles placed first for a pint of rum. A few drops about. To conclude the ceremony, .1.re sprinkled upon the patient, the the contents of a stone jar were rest he swallows. Then he takes out handed to those present, and their <>f his bag a few chicken feathers demeanor soon afterward gave evi- and some red cloth, which he lays dence of what the jar contained. All on the table. Next a small yellow went on their way homeward, with :snake is brought out of his bag and a feeling of merit at having done this he guides over the body of their duty to the saint, and confident the sick person. Then the crucial that he would send the needed rain. moment is at hand, for this time the obeah man utters the word THE ISLANDS ·"money." About $15 is handed over .1.nd operations begin anew. A small "A Bible Distribution in the PWlippines pan with a cover, more rum, blue COpy of the Scriptures in :and red lights, and then with a wild every home" is the maxim of whoop the obeah doctor dances, at the organized movement for Bible ftrst furiously, then slowing down to distribution in the Philippines. The a gentle swaying motion. With the aim is to have each church assume pan in one hand, the cover in the responsibility for a house-to-house <>ther, he makes a swift leap upon canvass in their respective districts, the patient, claps the cover on, and making a present of at least a penny amid an awed silence, departs with_ Gospel where no sale can be made. the "duppy" (evil spirit) safely in This reacts as an advantage to the bis pan. churches by bringing them to the attention of the public, by multiply- Ten minutes pass. Then a shriek ing the workers and by furnishing a 'is heard. An exploring party finds point of contact with the non-Christhe obeah man in wild distress. He tian community. bad stumbled, the lid fell off the pan, and the duppy had escaped. Leper Work in the PWIippines Could nothing be done to save the -patient, to whom the duppy had re- THERE are more than 5,000 lepturned? Surely, but it would re- ers on the Island of Culion, and ,quire more rum and more money. probably 1,500 more still at large on 'This time it required only a few other islands of the Philippines. The minutes to capture him, and the pan Evangelical Union directs the Chriswas put in the bag for safe keeping. tian work at San Lazaro and Culion Leper Asylums. Victoriano Mauri- BolTowing an Image cio is the leper pastor at San Lazaro, and he has his church organized PATIENCE and perseverance are with deacons and elders, who send essential qualities in the mis- in quarterly reports to their Consionary who strives to overcome the ference. The congregation numbers :ignorant fanaticism that enthralls the over 150. Lepers h:we recently -people of inland South America. An old woman in Dominge-nigo,

made a gift of 310 pesos for the numbers more outside the United erection of a chapel in Culion vil- States than in. The Presbyterians, lage. Reformed and Lutheran churches, all of which are Calvinistic, number Literacy in the Philippines 115,000,000, or three-fifths of all the Protestants in the world. M M. KALOW, secretary of the • Philippine Mission, is author- Christian Observer. ity for the following figures: Sev- enty per cent of the inhabitants of Fonndation Missionary Work the Philippines over ten years old are literate, as shown by the 1918 MR. K. Miyama, a Japanese census. Of the estimated popula- Christian worker, went to Hation of 10,500,000, 10,000,000 are waii some years ago, and, without "civilized Christians," while 500,000 any mission agency back of him, represents the non-Christians, or so- was the means of converting to called wild tribes. The percentage Christianity the Hon. Taro Ando, of literacy in the Philippines is high- the Japanese consul, his wife and er than in any of the new countries his secretaries. Later, Ando· and now clamoring for recognition by Miyama founded the National Temthe Allies. The Philippine legisla- perance Society of Japan and estabture, now composed entirely of Fili- lished the Ginza Methodist Church pinos, supports 4700 schools, with in Tokyo. The Hon. Sho N emoto, a teaching force of 12,303 teachers; another Japanese Christian and now and at their last session voted a member of the Lower House of 30,000,000 pesos to extend the edu- Parliament in Japan, was the author cational system. of a bill forbidding the sale of to- bacco to minors, and other anti- MISCELLANEOUS NOTES alcohol legislation, which passed the Lower House but failed in the Up- The Bible in America and Other Lands per. Both these Japanese Chris- tians are converts of a Methodist I N seven states of the Union it is Mission in California. illegal to have the Bible read in the public schools, yet China has New Translations of the Bible recommended the reading of the Scriptures in her schools. Thirty- 'THE Gospel by Matthew has been five million copies of the Bible are ~ translated and published in Pali, sold every year, home coming chaplains and war workers report the the sacred language of Buddhism, eager demand for Testaments among for the special purpose of introthe fighting men and missionaries ducing the Christian Scriptures to constantly testify to the transform- Burmese monks. The book of Daning effect of Bible reading upon the iel has been in great demand among heathen races of the world. these monks of Burma.

Interesting Statistics In Siam, an American missionary has succeeded in translating the RECENT denominational figures Epistles of Peter into Kamu, al- reveal some interesting facts though she does not know a word of relative to the strength of the var- that language. This seeming impos-· ious religious denominations through- sibility was accomplished with the out the world. For example: three- aid of a Laos teacher who knew fourths of the world's Baptists live no Kamu, and a Kamu colporteur between the Ohio river and the who knew some Laos. This col- Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic and porteur reads the translation to· Pacific oceans. Three-fourths of all travelers ,along the road, and one the Methodists live in the United manuscript has been worn out by States, but the Presbyterian Church constant use. The work has been revised and is now off the press.

MISSIONARY

Japan and World Peace. By K. K. lsowo Abe to the effect that "social- Kawakami. 12mo. 196 pp. $1.50. istic ideas have been widely diffused The Macmillan Company. 1919. throughout the Empire in the past few years. The socialistic spirit Students of Far Eastern affairs is afloat everywhere, and it would welcome the writings of Mr. K. K. be a great mistake to judge the in- Kawakami as one of the ablest writ- fluence of socialism from the yet ers of modern Japan. His thorough small number of professed socialists knowledge of his own country, his only." (p. 39). He is pronouncedly travels and observations in China, his hostile to the military party in Japan. long residence in San Francisco, where he is the American corres- But while such statements show pondent of some of the influential that he is not a blind advocate of journals of Japan, and his clear and his country, the book as a whole educated mind combine to make shows 'that he is a staunchly loyal his views on the international situation in the Far East command Japanese. The major part of the respect. His former volumes were book is devoted to a vigorous adon "American-Japanese Relations," vocacy of Japan's foreign policy, (1912), "Asia at the Door" (1914), especially in its relations to China, and "Japan in World Politics," Siberia, the Pacific Islands ankl (1917). Mr. Kawakami is a loyal America. He courteously and skil- Japanese of the progressive school, fully flays America for inconsistency and naturally interprets Japan in in demanding a Monroe Doctrine terms of his own liberal thought. He for itself and denying one for China; does not hesitate to characterize the exposes politely but effectively the in- "divine origin" .of the Emperor as consistencies and the injustice of sev- "the sinister doctrine (p. 23), and to eral western nations, including the declare that "unfortunately, the late United States, in their dealings with Price Ito was influenced by the Far Eastern affairs; asserts that German idea of government, and, "China left to her own resources will in drafting a constitution for his ultimately become the Turkey of the country, preferred to follow the Ger- Far East if it has not already become man pattern rather than the Anglo- such"; and that Japan is abundantly Saxon conception of democracy." He justified in the course that she is takvigorously champions the growth of ing toward China. He admits howdemocracy in Japan, demands the ever that the notorious "21 demands" extension of suffrage from the pres- upon China in the spring of 1915 ent percentage of franchise-holders were a blunder, not because they from 28 of each 1,000 of the popu- were wrong in themselves but belation, calls for greater liberty for cause the manner of presentation trade unions and for greater free- were not characterized by "greater dom of speech. References to social- discretion and saner judgment." (p. ism remind us that he was long 166.) distrusted by many of his countrymen, and is still by some of them, Some things in the book will be as himself inclined toward social- challenged by American and British ism. He says: "to throttle the ad- readers, and probably by all Chinese vocacy of socialism is ridiculous" readers who. will feel that the whole (p. 36); and he quotes with ap- discussion is an eX' parte one. It is proval the opinion of Professor delightfully written, and gives an ex- cellent understanding of Japan's point of view.

717

The Crisis in Church and College. By -(1) Roman Catholic (a majority Geo. W. McPherson. 12mo. 238 pp. $1.25 net. Published by the author, !n the North) ; (2) Moslems (strong- Yonkers, N. Y. 1919. m Central and Southern Albania); There has been a great deal of (3) Orthodox Greek (strong minori- ties in Southern and Central Aljust complaint of the destructive bania and (4) Protestants-a very criticism that has characterized the few converts of the work conducted teaching of many preachers and in- by the American Board missionaries. stitutions of learning. Even before The three leading religious forces men know what the Bible teaches are antagonistic, but Mr. ChekrezL they are told that it is not true. Many so called scholars and teachers holds that this element of discord adopt the premise that all knowledge can be ignored since "the weakest is attainable by intellectual investiga- point of the Albanian is his religion." gation and that the only scientific method of study is inductive. They With the return of peace there is ignore revelation and spiritual dis- ground for hope that Christian edcernment. Dr. McPherson' applies ucation will be promoted. the inductive scientific method to his study of rationalism in American A. Mosaic of Missionary Methods. By colleges and pulpits. He quotes Stanley Sowton. 12mo. 156 pp. Wesfrom text books and correspondents leyan Methodist Missionary Society, ~o show that the religious teaching London. 1918. m many of these training schools of the coming leaders creates unbelief These are methods for the home rather than faith. Dr. McPherson proves his case and then he points churches and not for the missionary. out the causes and the remedy for this "new theology." They range from the method of Albania-Past and Present. By Con- keeping missionary accounts in the stantine A. Chekrezi. 12mo. 255 pp. Maps. $2.25. The Macmillan Co. 1919. local society to the conduct of a Albania, the bone of contention in week of missionary meetings. There the Balkans, has been better known since William of Weid, the German are countless valuable suggestions Prince, was appointed ruler and then suddenly abdicated. Still Albania is taken from actual experience-misa mysterious country, about which few American's know anything defi- sionary teas, summer schools, games, nite. The Albanians are said to be the oldest race in the Balkans-they lectures, programs, mo~toes, posters, are certainly picturesque and interesting. This book is the most com- mothers' meetings, lending libraries, plete description of the country, the people and their history. advertising, curios, music, programs, Mr. Chekrezi, of Columbia Uni- etc., etc., The methods are adapted versity, is an Albanian who has studied at Korcha, at Athens and at Har- to all sorts of churches and occasions vard. He brings forward the claims of his people for an independent and will be a practical help to future. The book is full of valuable information and sh-ows the strength worried chairmen. . of Albanian character. The Albanians, however, net:d Christian educa- Robert and Mary. A Missionary Rotion. We have four religious groups mance of South Africa. Dramatized by Anita B. Ferris.

With ten characters and five scenes Miss Ferris gives a very simple and attractive missionary play based on "The Moffats"-a true story of love' and adventure. Try it in your Young People's Society or Sunday-school.

Fifty Years in China. By Samuel Isett Woodbridge. 12mo. 231 pp. Ma!) and illustrations. Presbyterian Com- mittee of Publication. Richmond, Va. 1919.

The Presbyterian Church (South) has been half a century at work in China-having begun work there in 1867. This story of adventures and a history with a polemical purpose.

achievements is a history in the form The author's aim is frankly revoluof a text book for mission studv classes. Dr. Woodbridge as a former tionary. His point of attack is premissionary in China is well fitted dictive prophecy. There is no such for his task and has given us a thing and cannot be, so this history clear, condensed, accurate and in- of Old Testament interpretation forming volume. While it relates tries to prove. chiefly to the fields of the Southern Presbyterian Church, it has a wealth Mr. Fullerton does not minimize of interesting facts for all. Ithe radical character of this thesis. It works, he assures us, first of all a fundamental change in current The History of Religions. By E. Wash- ideas of inspiration. It makes im- burn Hopkins, Ph. D. 8vo. 624 pp. possible the conception of the infalli- $3.00. Macmillan, 1919. bility of Scripture. "Prophets pre- One's view of non-Christian reli- dicted many things which never gions depends on one's view of reli- have been and never will be ful- gion. Dr. Hopkins, the professor of filled." It is no less revolutionary Sanskrit and comparative philology in in the way it affects Messianic Yale University, defines religion as Prophecy. Christ fulfills no predic- "Squaring human life with superhu- tions, only prophetic ideals.· When man Life." . He believes in the evo- Jesus told his disciples that all lution of religious consciousness and things must be fulfilled "which are convictions, but his treatise consists written in the law of Moses and the for the most part of a brief descrip- Prophets and the Psalms concern- tion of the origin, character, belie'fs ing me," He was mistaken. Our au- and practices of each religion. He thor's position, as he himself tells does not doubt the historicity of us, excludes also the miraculous, Jesus, but his view point is seen but not,. as he thinks, the supernat- in the statement that "Buddhistic uraL And finally much to his own teachings affected the story of satisfaction it cuts the tap root of Jesus." He casts doubt on the vir- the millenial hope, which he calls gin birth, the miracles and the an anachronism in our age. If there resurrection as recounted in the Gos- was no prediction of the first Ad- pels. Dr. Washburn believes in vent, there can be none of the Christianity as the ideal religion, but Second Advent. Some of us may not as a direct revelation from God. go further and wonder what is left to our Christian faith.

Prophecy and Authority. By Kemper In the preface Mr. Fullerton ad- Fullerton, Professor of 01d Testa- mits with some reservation that ment Language and Literature, Ober- the conservatism of the Church is lin Graduate School of Theology. 214 a good thing. We agree with him pp. $1.50. The Macmillan Co. 1919. there; and we trust that there is enough of this saving conservatism In this volume Mr. Fullerton has even in our theological seminaries, given us an exceedingly interesting to repudiate the red radicalism and well written "history of· the which this book would teach. doctrine and interpretation of Scripture" more especially of the Old Testament and of Messianic Pro- Madame France. By R. Louise Fitch. phecy in particular. He is thor- .8vo. 189 pp. $1.50 net. The Wo- oughly familiar with his subject, man's Press, New York, 1919.

and simply as a history of exegeti- The story of what the French cal methods and principles from the women did to help win the war. Full Patristic Fathers down t6 the mod- appreciation is shown, and some things ern school of criticism, it excites "French" are entirely overlooked. The our admiration. Unfortunately it is beautiful and the good are pictured while the evil is almost overlooked. ment." Among the most helpful are Miss Fitch's view point is shown in those by Dr. A. C. Gaebelein on her statements that "Protestantism is "The Preeminence of the Lord a tiny bark in the sea of Catholicism" Jesus Christ" and "The Influence and that "the Catholic Church has of the Study of Prophecy on Life done all in its power to give spiritual and Service" by Dr. W. H. Griffith aid to its believers." Thomas. There are also addresses by Dr. James M. Gray, Rev. R. A. The Conscience and Concessions. By Torrey, Dr. Joseph W. C. Kemp, A. W. Anthony, D D. 12mo. 270 pp. Rev. W. B. Riley, the late Dr. ]. $1.50. Revell, 1919. Wilbur Chapman and others.

Dr. Anthony, the Executive Secre- John W. Stevenson. By Marshall tary of the Home Missions Council, Broomhall. 12mo. 95 pp. 2s. 6d. discusses the principles of federation Morgan and Scott, Ltd., 1919. and cooperation between various denominations. He endeavors to show A brief sketch of "one of Christ's how men may join in Christian work stalwarts" for over fifty years a miswithout surrendering conscientious sionary of the China Inland Mission. convictions. After tracing the steps He was a man of courage and faith, toward unity and noting the unifying methodical, simple in his tastes, loyal tendencies of the war, Dr. Anthony a~d a bulwark of strength to the mistakes up the protests of individualism sIon. and the broad basis of brotherhood. His "Practical Program of Valid Con- Those Who Have Come Back. By cession" includes a recognition of the Peter Clark Macfarlane. Illustrated. right to differ and the validity of 8vo. 269 pp. $1.50. Little, Brown & varied experiencies, the adoption of Co. Boston, 1914. an adequate program for world bet- Eight remarkable stories of men terment, knowledge joined through fellowship, the exercise of patience, and women rescued from evil livesopen mindedness and Christian char- including a morphia fiend, a bank burity. glar, a White-chapel woman, "Lucky Baldwin," and "Mel Trotter"-all Handbook of French and Belgian Prot- changed but apparently not all con- estantism. Prepared by Louis Sey- verted to Christ. Between the lines mou,r Houghton. 12mo. 245 pp. 7S we seem to read that these men and cents. Federal Council of Churches. women owe their new life to Christ, New York, 1919. but the author does not give Him fulI credit. Protestants are a live and important factor in France and Belgium. Amer- John P. Williamson. By Winifred E. ican Christians should know more Barton. 8vo. 269 pp. $1.75. Flemabout them and must help them to ing H. Revel! Co., 1919. rehabilitate themselves. This handbook gives the facts-historical and The life of' a well known missionpresent day. It is valuable for refer- ary to the Sioux Indians in South ence. Dakota. His life story is full of in- cident and shows the inspiring results Christ and Glory. Edited by A. C. of faithful work. Gaebelein. 8vo. 243 pp. $1.50. Our Hope. New York, 1919. Charles Chapin Tracy. By George E. White. 12mo. 80 pp. $1.00 net. These addresses delivered at the The Pilgrim Press. Boston. 1919. New York Prophetic Bible Conference in Carnegie Hall last Novem- A brief sketch of the first President ber are of varying merit. They are of Anatolia College, Marsovan, Turall Bible expositions and include ad- key. Dr. Tracy was a missionary in dresses on "the Second Coming," Turkey for half a century and his "The Last Times" and the "Judg- work as an educationalist and lover of men abides. Your Money Will Make More For You!

A N incorporated organization of Christian workers desires a loan. Want to open up new work for which funds are pledged but not immediately collectible. Adequate security given. Interest at rate of 10%, paid quarterly or semi-annually, at option of lender. This is the legal rate in the state under whose "Blue Sky Law" we hold charter. You are offered THREE ADVAN- TAGES: a, safety of loan as good as with any Bank; b, an interest rate above average in the East; c, a chance to help the work of some folks who stand for the Gospel as preached by all evangelical churches.

Write Pastor, Lock Box 918, Indianapolis, Indiana.

~nr~nu THE BEST MISSIONARY STORIES AND PICTURES FOR BOYS AND GIRLS raiblt Picture Sheds to make into scrap-books Fascinating Stories to tell to children I} CIt 0 liege A Stamp Book for a new kind of collection THEOLOGICAL, Missionary, Everyland Picture Sheets: Religious-Educational College course of 4 years. Graduate School Chinese Snapshots; Chinese Boys and Girls; . of Theology, 3-year course. Col- Armenians and Syrians; Mexicans in the legiate and advanced degre~s. Two United States; The Orientals in America; year collegiate training course. In- Children of the City. and others.

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Prece, SO cents eacb, postpaid Order from any dencminational headquarters or from the MISSIONARY EDUCATION MOVEMENT NATHAN R. WOOD, President .f th. UNITED STATES and CANADA Boston, Ma..~ Cordon.Bible College '160 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK.

Please mention TH$ MISSIONARY Rtvlltw OF TH~ WORl,D in writing to advertisers A Special Offer Life and Works of Arthur T. Pierson By special arrangement we are able to make the following offer to subscribers of the REVIEW. Those who know Dr. Pierson and his books need not be told of the unique value of his works-the stimulus. interest, information and practical value contained in them. The books are mines of information and rich treasure houses-the result ot fifty years of study and experience.

The Life of Arthur T. Pierson written by his son Delavan L. Pierson Dr. J. H. Jowett says of this life story:- "The story of • noble ministry. filled with fervent devotion and strenuous endea.vor from el'd to end. Dr. Pierson had the gift of a. consecra.ted ingenuity. He was a. llkililul fisherman in the waters of life. His record is 301.0 the story of a great Bible student. The passion for Biblical .tudy eEl·me to him "ery early. and the lervor of it never grew cool. Mr. Pierson gives us the privilege 01 looking into his father's workshop, and we see the Bible student at his hest. The biography is well done. It gives us a U,il1g ma.n-Do man whose work will long abide, and whose memory remains fragrant among all bis flie:nds."

The book gives the ,eeret of Dr. Pier,on', success as a Bible student-a preacher-a pastor-an editor and a missionary crusader. Dr. Pierson filled some of the largest and most important pulpit, in America and in England. He had remarkable experiences in spiritual growth and power, in answered prayer. He travelled widely and came into close personal contact with the outstanding leaders of his day. This life-story is one of absorbing interest and unusual value. If you have not read it, do so without delay. Regular price $1.65 (postpaid.). Special price to REVIEW Subscribers (postpaid) $1.20 – Have You Read These Books By Dr. Pierson?

THE LIFE OF GEO. MULLER. Thepatriarch of Ohrist. These messages will stimulate preachof Bristol. Few lives have had a greater influence ers of today to new Vitality. They are BihlicaJ. n the past 100 years than that of George Muller spiritual, practical, powerful. Regular price $1.37 "Vhose work of faith is known all over the world. – (postpaid). Our price $1.10 (p"stpald). "'us authorized biogra.phy re"eals the secret of his power as SBen in his letters and diary. Regular THE ACTS OF THE HOL Y SPIRIT. An price $1.65 (postp~..id). Our special price $1.25 unusua I exposition of the Book of the Acts. This (postpaid). will be especia.lly valuable to teachers and preach- ers who plan to tollow the Sunday School lessons THE CRISIS OF MISSIONS. A book that has in The Acts. These studies throw new light on made many missionarieE'. It tells the wonderful the Book. Regular price 85e (postpaid). Our story of the call of God through the events of his- Special price 63c (postpaid). tory. Paper edition rfgular price 45c (postpaid). Our special price 35c (pcstpaid). MANY INFALLIBLE PROOFS. This is one of the most widely used and successful of any of the SEVEN YEARS IN SIERRA LEONE. The story many volume~ giving the arguments for the truth of.the wonderful work of God through the minis- of the Christian Religion. It shows the facts try of W. A. B. Johnson quite as remarkable as about prophecy, miracles, personal experience and the story of John G. Paton. Regular price $1.12 the character and work of Jesus Ohrist. Those (postpaid). Special price S2c (postpaid). dealing with doubt9rB or young people with un- formed faith will find this book of great value. THE HEART OF THE GOSPEL. Burning mess- Published originally at $1.10 (postpaid). Our ages that re'eal the secret of power in the Gospel Special Price SSe (pcstpaid). -..

If you have not read th£se books ftccept this special offer and seDd for them Dew. T~s also an oppcr1unity for church libraries, tnissionary socleties and Sunday Schools.

R. H. Howland 156 Fifth Ave., New York Please mention TH. MrSSIONAllY R.l(vliw OIt 'tHIt WOR["P in writing to advertisers MISSIONARY PERSONALS fuv. SAMUEl, M. ZWEMER, D. D., of Cairo, sailed for England August 16. After spending two weeks in England in the interests of the Nile Mission Pre.ss he will proceed to Cairo to resume his work in the Cairo Mission and Theological Seminary. Dr. Zwemer has spent fifteen months in the United States in response to a call from "the Laymen's Missionary Movement.

DR. PAUl, HAIUUSON of Arabia writes For my sermons, I use that he has recently taken a second jour- the large, bold type. ney to Riadh, Central Arabia, and found Then by "Just turning a friendly spirit among the people. The Bedouins are in the throes of a tremen- the knob" the &~ dous revival of orthodox Mohammedan- t"l1>e' 11 ,.e.a.~~ ~o,. …… ism. They come to the mis.sionary for medicine, but afterwards would not recog- ~,.~a.~e. co,.,.e,~o~~e~clI. nize the "infidel" doctor on the street. 6, SundAY School not'ces.

REV. CORNELIUS H. PATTON, D. D., Secretary of the American Board, and his party have arrived safely in Japan.

DR. GEORGE C. RAYNOLDS, veteran medi- "Many Typewriters In One" cal missionary of Van, Turkey, is at present living in California, and has recently made a short speaking tour through the southern part of that state.

MISS MARY J. CAMPBEl,l" author of Would you. like to know wh'll the Multiplex Hamrnnud is so popular with "The Power House at Pathankot" is the ALL claues of people' ".,.e ca.n tell national temperance organizer for all In- you in /011.7 words: dia. Miss Campbell has been a missionary of the United .Presbyterian Church Becaullft of its lreraatiHty! for thirty-three years, and the Indian Government, recognizing the imporlance The 11 ulttplbX H ammon.oJ does everyof her temperance work, has awarded her thing any other typewriter will do, the Kaisar-i-Hind medal. and buide,<" if you "Just tum the BISHOP JOHN M. MOORE, of the Metho- knob" you can chan~tI (rom one style dist Episcopal Church, South, has gone to or type, or from one Jangua.g'fi, to an- Rio de Janeiro, where he will be OCC't- other. Note the abo,"e specimon pied with Episcopal duties until the end (s1Jghtly rool1(,oo) all wTiU8n on U~. of the year. He will return to the United States to take part in the Commis- SAME machine. sion on the Unification of Methodism. No Other Typewriter Can Do Thi. MISS VAN SOMMER, founder of the Egypt General Mission and of the Nile No matter who Mission Press, has opened a book shop in you Ire. what you Jerusalem which will eventually be are, or where you stocked with Hebrew and other books for ….e, the Multiplex the increasing Jewish population, in 'l. Mi- Hammond Is the tion to a full supply of books in Arabic wrltln~ m&chlne for Moslem readers. for YOU. M&U the coupon ! 0 r MR. CHARLES V. VICKREY, Executive Cree tolder Secretary of the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief, has gone to Also a PORTABLE Model Armenia and Syria with four other mem- Full capacity. Weight about 11 pound•. Continued on page xii Ask tor lIP,,,;,,, (old.,… Mailed free.

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THE HAMMOND TYPEWRITER CO. 577 East 69d~ St., New York City. Please send free Fold…- to: Name Add~ ________________________ Occupatioo _______________________ Please JDtntion THJ; MISSIONARY R.(vu:w 01' ~HJt WORLD in writing to advertisers OldBi hi es Continued from page xi Re-Bound bers of the organization to make a special Haven't you often wanted that old survey of both relief and reconstruction Bible re-bound-that old Bible with all work. its associations and sentiment ? You have wondered where you could have Tm: RT. REv. BISHOP WESTCOTT of the work done, and perhaps you have Chota Nagpur has been appointed to sucthought the price would be high. ceed the late Bishop Lefroy as Metropoli- tan of the Anglican Church in India. You can have your Bibles and Hymn Bishop Vestcott is President of the Na- Books re-bound inexpensively and tional Missionary Council of India, and well-Ieatner or doth, as you prefer. is therefore familiar with the problems of the Christian Church in India. Send me your Bible by parcel post insured-} will send you an estimate of MR. S. H. Gr.ADSTONE:, treasurer of the the cost subject to your approval be- Conference of Missionary Societies of Great Britain, vice-president of the fore the work ;s done. If this estimate Church Missionary Society and member of the Central Board of Missions, has is not satisfactory, I will return your been elected President of' the London Bible without charge. Jews' Society.

R. H.HOWLAND BISHOP WII,LIAM F. ANDE:RSON of the 156 Fifth Ave., New York Methodist Episcopal Church has been in attendance at the Denmark Conference. the first time since the outbreak of the war when an American Bishop has visited any of the Scandinavian Conferences.

Rev. Wn,LIAM RE:~n'RY HUNT, F. R. G. S.. missionary to China for thirty years. has been decorated by the Chinese Gov- ernment and by the Chinese Red Cross Society for his services in relieving fa- mine suffering.

American Motherhood DR. TASUKU HARADA of Kyoto, Japan, former president of the Doshisha, the For Every Home in the Land leading Christian institution of his coun- try, is taking a year of rest and travel, and has made a brief visit to the United States.

Recognized Authority on REV. BRENTON T. BADLE:Y, who has for two years been representing India in the The MOTHER Methodist Centenary, has returned to In- The CHILD and dia as executive secretary of the Centen- The HOME ary Movement for India and Burnr!, with headquarters at Lucknow. $1.25 per Year BISHOP FRANK W. WARNE:, who has With Mi••ionary Review, $3.15 been in America for the past fifteen months, has left to hold Conferences of THE ARTHUR H. CRIST CO. the Methodist Episcopal Church in Nortl, India, Bengal and the Philippine Islands. Cooper.town, N. Y. MR. N. W. TILAK, Indian Christian patriot and poet, died at Bombay on May 9th,. 1919. Mr. Tilak spent several years of his early life wandering from one part of India to another studying religions, and in 1895 publicly declared his ac- ceptance of Christianity. From that time he has continued to teach Christianity by pen and speech.

Please mention TH:t MISS10NARY Ravntw OJ' 'tHJt W~RI.D in writing to ~dvertisers NEW BOOKS ON MISSIONS Do You Believe in the Heroes of Faith in Japan. Edward L. Supernatural Pell, D. D. Edited by E. B. Chap- pell, D. D. Map. 101 pp. 25c. Pub- IF you offer your Sunday-school lishing House of the M. E. Church, South Nashville, Tenn. 1918.

About Little Folks in Japan. Edited class anything less than the by E. B. Chappell, D. D. 40 pp. supernatural, your Sunday-school Smith and Lamar, Nashville. 1918. work will be a failure. For this Boys and Girls of an Island Empire. Prepared by Lucy Foreman. Edited reason The Sunday School Times by E. B. Chappell, D. D. 48 pp. offers you every week, Smith and Lamar, Nashville. 1918. -a supernatural Bible: a book which in The Opportunity for Religion. By every syllable is God's very Word: God- Harry F. Ward. 12'0. 66 pp. 60c. breathed, unique, authoritative, infallible. New York: The Woman's Press. 1919. -a supernatural Christ: a Saviour who Social and Religious Life of Italians in is God, supernaturally born of a virgin, America. By Enrico C. Sartorio. 147 working miracles of love and omnipotence, pp. $1.00. Christopher Publishing dying as our Substitute, His body mir- House, Boston. 1919. aculously raised from the dead, able to save to the uttermost, and coming back Christianizing Christendom. By S. L. to reign OVer His earth. Morris. 206 pp. 12mo. Richmond: Presbyterian Committee of Publica- -a supernatural Life for every believer, tion. 1919. Christ· Hhnself liYing iu victory in you: winning others to Himself through you Standing By: War-time reflections in 2nd making your service for Him a thrill- France and Flanders. Robert Keable. ing adventure of testimony and results. 12mo. 271 pp. $2.00 net. E. P. Dut- ton & Co., New York. With all this, the Sunday School Times also offers you fte most success- The Napoleon of the Pacific: Kame. ful methods of natural efficiency in hameha the Great. By Herbert H. Sunday-~chooI and church work; a corps of a dozen trained ~pecialists Gowen, F. R. G. S. 8vo. IlIus. 326 writing for you every week on the pp. $2.00 net. Fleming H. Revell International Improved Uniform Les- sons, and so many other remarkable Co., New York. 1919. features that it will take a whole series of advertisements to tell about them. Helps for Students of History: The Study of Colonial History. By A. P. Watch-but don't wait-for these Newton, M. A. Pamphlet. 46 pp. 20e. coming adverti,ements: there is no need of going another week without London: Society for Promoting all that this Bible-study-and-teaching- Christian Knowledge. 1919. and – Christian – service journal will bring into your life. You can get Ministers of Mercy. By James H. acquainted for a quarter with Franklin. Illus. 239 pp. 12mo. Cloth, 75c; paper, SOc. Missionary Education Movement. 1919.

The Spread of Christianity in the Mod. ern World. By Edward Caldwell Moore. 12mo. 352 pp. $2.00 net. University of Chicago Press. 1919.

The Adventurous Arab; Four Mission· ary Lessons for the Sunday School. 8 pp. 4d. net. Edinburgh: U. F. C.

Mission Study Council. 1919. .

The Jew Throughout the Ages; Tableaux Thousands of persons are saying, and Dialogue. By Amy Steedman. 16 pp. 6d. net. Edinburgh: U. F. C. with real joy, "Why didn't I learn ". c~.. Mission Study Council. 1919. about· this paper before?" Village Evangelization. No.3. Edited by H. D. Griswold, D. D. 44 pp. My- Will you give yourself- ",,< "," THE sore: Wesleyan Mission Press. 1918. and your friends- SUNDAY Palestine of the Jews. Past, Present this experience o'f>- and Future. By Norman Bentwich. as quickly sa ~'" -ll0 SCHOOL TIMES 288 pp. 6s. net. London: Paul Ke- possible? gan. '1918. o~.</ COMPANY The Consuming Fire. By Harris E. or; 1031 Walnut St., Phila. Kirk. 183 pp. $1.50. The Macmillan Company, New York. .;,,<:>1(; For the 25 cents encIo~ o.~ Why We Fail as Christians. By Rob- please send the Snnday School ert Hunter. 180 pp. $1.60. The Mae- millan Company, New York. 1918. …..",,(I Times for 10 weeks to ••c,. N'etre O~ Addre~~s~_________________________ Please mention THJt MISS]ONAllY ~VIlCW OJ' i'Hlt WORLD in lPri.ting to advertisers A Campaign to Educate One Hundred Russian Converted Students at the Russian Bible and Educational Institute during the 1919-1920 School Year Come that they had decided to support one of the students during the next School Year. over Needless to say, this offer has given us and much JOY and encouragement, being the first towards the support of a student for next help W: ~ea~an~~dh:~di~inllij~h'sOfex~:ri;~t:~~. dal:~ us hope and pray that the unselfish and sacrificial spirit of these three Scotch sisters will be We desire to bring over from Franc~ from just a forerunner of a great cloud and mighty 30 to 50 Russian converted war pnsoners. showers of blessing. Through the reading of God's Word an.d the preaching of the Gospel to them by therr A few days after the visit of the Scotch fellow prisoners, who were believers bef~re. sisters, a Russian Chr.istian lady came to see many Russian war prisoners were saved dUrI!lg us in Philadelphia. Since her conversion all their imprisonment in Germany and AustrIa. her life has been one of sacrifice and service. A number of them have made their· way to As she heard of our plan to support the France and now there is a possibility of Russian students, she earnestly said: "May I bringing them over and placing them in our take one?" So thus far two of the hundred are already provided for-Ebenezer! And a SC~h~~e are also a number of Russians con- member of our Board of Directors. has alsO' signified his intention of provid.in~ for a verted in our M:ss:on Stations in the United States who should be trained for the .Lord's ~~~~~~:sh7~ ~~~niir!, dth~esn ~~el~o a~di~:s ~~~ an all to our Hfriendly interest" list.. waf:' costs $250 b? support a student for..the By the second week in September of whole year. includmg board, room and tuttton. the squares should be filled up. We earnestly Can we count on you for the support of one, ho-pe that we shall not be compelled to close two, three or four students? Perhaps some friend will take five, another ten. Last year the door of our School to anyone who loves. two dear Christian friends of our work. a the Lord and wants to be equipped for a husband and wife, took 20 students to sup- more useful ministry. port. A liberally inclined and mIssion-zealous Not only individuals, but Churches, Sunday prominent minister, to meet the pledge of the Schools and Young People~s Societies can also husband, took Ul)on' hi.mself the support of te.n more. Are there any this year who will go be interested in this plan. A noble example and do likewise? If your heart is stirred to of this was given last year by the Galilee do so kindly sign your' name and adrlress on Baptist Church, of Denver, Colo., which, under the opposite page of the "Missionary Review." Each square represents one student. The the able leadership of Rev. Joshua Gravett. pledges can be paId any time during the the Pastor, supported several students during Schoo! Year. last year.

The squares marked "taken" represent sup.. There will be a number of readers who will port already promised. The beginning has find it impossible to support one student. already been made. It happened in this way: They should not lose interest on that account.. as the gifts of la, 20, 50 or even 100 people th~~er~o~f: gh~i;tl~~ ~~:te~:ty Thfp.vP1!~1telr~: could be grouped together into the support of a student. There may be others who .can dear old Scotland. Wbile in Glasgow, con.. organize in groups of 2, 3, 5 and more, tonected· with Pastor Findlay's Miss.on, one take upon themselves the support of a evening they heard Pastor Feder speak on student. We should like e"l"ery one of the Russia. Ever since that time th.eir hearts readers of "The Missionary Review of the have been drawn out towards that needy land. WorldH to do someth~ng towards the training Reading in the May issue of "The Fdend of of missionaries for Russla during our next Russia9' the appeal to help the poor Russian year. people with warm garments or otherwise, two of the sisters walked into our office and All those who cannot subscribe the full handed us a donaf.on of $15. and expressed amount of $250 are requested to strike out their desire to send a trunk of clothing to that amount in the square on the sheet and the poor people in Russia. put down the amount that they are able and· inclined to give. As we sat down in the office and talked about the things of the Lord, one of the The pledges and payments for students' ~l:sten said that they had been present at the support should be sent to Mr. G. Percy Fox, Bethany Presbyterian Church at the close of the School Year. where they heard the Rus- Treasurer. Russian Bible Institute. 1820 Spring. sian students sing and play, and where an Garden Street, Philadelphia, Pa, appeal was made for friends to take upon themselves the support of some students during REMARKS BY THE DONOR. the next year. The ihree sisters thought and prayed about the matter, and now told us Please mention THE: MISSIONARY REVI~W OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers

The Missionary Review of the World — June 1919

XLII NUMBER

JUNE, i919 THE VALUE OF INOUSTRIAL TRAINING J. DU PLESSIS MEN AND MINERALS IN KATANGA JOHN M. SPRINGER THE PROHIBITION OF ALCOHOL IN AFRICA SIR HARRY JOHNSTONE AN ADVANCED PROGRAM FOR MEXICO'

SAMUEL .GUY INMAN SOME EFFECTS OF THE WAR ON AFRICA JAMES DEXTER TAYLOR THE CHURCH AND THE INDUSTRIAL SITUATION'

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HARTFORD ~orbon jiible (!College W. Douglas Mackenzie President SCHOOLOFTBEOLOGY 'Theological Seminary SCHOOL OF MISSIONS – Dean, M. W. Jacobus THEOLOGICAL, Missionary, Religious-Educational College School of Religious Pedagogy course of 4 years. Graduate School Dean, E. H. Knight of Theology, 3-year course. Col- Kennedy School of Missions legiate and advanced degrees. Two • year collegiate training course. In- Secretary, E. W. Capen terdenominational. A power-house Through these associated schools Hartford of evangelistic spirit, a School of -offers full training for: Prayer, with university standards I. The Clu"lstiu miDistry. of scholarship. N otahle faculty and 2. The whale field of religions edncation. 3. The foru'gn field. student body. New and beautiful fireproof buildings, with dormi- Each school has its independent faculty and its own institutional life, and together tories. Organized religious work. they form one interdenominational ins!i!Dtion Self-support. For catalog and corwith the unity of common aim and SPlnt. ; respondence, address NATHAN R. WOOD, President Gordon Bible College Boston, Mass..

Please mention TH:E: MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE; WORLD in writing to advertisers THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON. EJiior.

CONTENTS FOR JUNE. 1919 FRONTISPIECE-SCllNllS IN 'I'Hll KORllAN INDllPllNDllNCll MOVEMllN'l'

SIGNS OF THE TIMES . • 401 THll LllAGuJt OJ! NA'l'IONS THll LItAGUit OJ! DENOMINA'l'IONS STRUGGLJt YOR LIBllR'l'Y IN KORllA SHALL CHRlS'l'IANS IN'l'1lRVJtNJt IN RUSSIA?

JESUS CHRIST ALL IN ALL. A Bible Study . . By SAMUEL M. ZWllMllR 409 THE VALUE OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING IN MISSIONS By J. DU PUSSI! 411 An illuminating paper giving reasons for emphasis on industrial training among primitive peoples. Illustrated with photographs.

MEN AND MINERALS IN KATANGA . By JOHN M. SPRINGllR 421 The great need and opportunity in the mineral fields of South Africa, a place where men are ruined or rescued. Illustrated with photographs.

PROHIBITION OF ALCOHOL IN AFRICA . . By SIR HARRY JOHNS'l'ONit 426 The former governor of British East Africa, an authority on the subject, shows the effect of alcohol on the native races of Africa and the steps toward prohibition.

AN ADVANCED PROGRAM FOR MEXICO. By SAMUllL GUY INMAN 431 A full account of the new program whereby the territory in Mexico is to be divided for missionary work among variof'-S denominations. With map.

SOME EFFECTS OF THE WAR ON AFRICA By JAMES DllXTllR TAYLOR 439 The far reaching effects of the defeat of Germany are clearly shown in re- lation to missions in German colonies.

THE CHURCH AND THE INDUSTRIAL SITUATION By CHARLES A. BROOKS 447 One of the secretaries of the Baptist Home Mission Society shows the in- creased responsibility of the Church in view of the large industrial centers that have developed during the past few years.

BEST METHODS DEPARTMENT . . Edited by MRS. E. C. CRONK 453 WORKING BY PROXY WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN Edited by MRS. WM. H. FARMllR 459 CHRISTIAN LI'l'llRA'l'URll YOR MISSION FIllLDS NEWS FROM MANY LANDS • 464 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY . 479 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies 25 cents. Published Monthly. Copyrighted, 1919, by Missionary Review Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Entered as second class matter at the postoffice at Cooperstown, N. Y, under the Act of March 3, 1879.

MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBUSHING COMPANY, Inc.

PUBLICATION OFFICE:. EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS OFFICE:. COOPERSTOWN. N. Y. 1S6 FIFTH AVE.• NEW YORK CITY.

RoBItR~ E. Spl!JlR, President D1lLJtVAN L. PIltRSON, Secretory FRANK L. BROWN, Vice-President WAL'l'llR McDOUGALL, Treasurer NATIONAL PROSPERITY DR. ARTHUR JUDSON BROWN BRINGS GREATER RESPONSIBILITY Secretary of the Presbyterian Board for Foreign Missions, devotes 11 chapters in Some VI CP""U"R"'PWOISTEH' With his new book NEW Books Fresh The Mastery of the Far East Statements to the place of Christian missions among the rcconstructh e forces in the Far East, pur- The Business Man tkul'lrly in Korea. He also discusses briland His "Overflow" {81Ml1~ liantly tJ,e political, economic and social phases of the F8.r Eastern situation. WIUIAM E. SWEET MAN 671 pp., map, illustrated, $6.00 A successful business man's prc:o;cnta- APilgrim In Palestine tion of how t.o spend the mur:;in of ono's By JOHN FINLEY =:i:c f~~ :~~rJYp~~r~~,.ivitieCJo;hI,I~J! CommiS8ioner of Education of the Slate of New York Christianity's Unifying Fundamental THOUGHT~1;~ Dr. Finley, long a close student of the HENRY F. WARING LAYMEN Holy r.and, was an ideal choice for Red Cross Comrrissioner to Palestine. He de.cribes Deven)s the realil.y of Christ-and points bere !-is night on the Mount of Olives, h;s journeys on foot from Beersheba to Dan, from the way to the acceptance of that real- Jaffa to Jericho and in many of the "byity in the fullest measure. Clolh~ $l,Z5 paths" to historic places. Illustrated, $2.00 Hearth and Altar FOR THE I[~CHARLES SCRIBNERs SONS OSCAR L. JOSEPH HOME ~FlFTIl AVE.AT48~ST. NEWYORK A five minnIe family devotional sf"A'vice is huilt around a themo for each of thirteen weelu., of great value individually and sociany~ Cloth, $1.2:5 Heroes FOR BOYS HUGH A. MORAN AND PARENTS Twelve ~rentlivf'-s are studied ill n way which Jlelps a hero-Joving hoy to apply the principles of Christiunliving 10 his own life. Cloth, 7St At your Book Store or frOnl us I I lVl'ile for Folder: Ilcconslrucl ion Books ASSOCIATION PRESS YOU CAN STAY AT HOME Publication Department and International Committee, Y .11. C. A. PREACH THE GOSPEL TO 347 MADISON AVENUE – NEW YORK MOHAMMEDANS – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – .__ . – – – – – – – – – – – – through One of the aims of our advertising depart- The American Christian Literature ment is to be helpful to those of Society for Moslems OUR READERS (Incorporated in 191$) who are seeking infonnation about articles they wish to purchase whether found in This Society is Interdenominational our advertising columns or not. We will Committees of Missionaries Cooperate' on gladly answer your inquiries and endeavor to fulfil your requirem..nts by putting you the Fields in touch with responsible business houses. .The Literature is Adapted to Moslems OUR ADVERTISERS The Messages are Thoroughly Evangelical The Tracts are Printed Attractively are deserving of your patronage. We be- They go where no Missionaries are allowed speak for them your consideration. They can be read in secret and rt'peatedly Business Department Many Moslems have been converted through Tracts. Missionary Review Pub. Co. Inc. Will you help give Moslems the Gospel? 156 Fifth Avenue New York City Write fOl' information as to membership, needs, sample tracts, meetings of auxiliaries, etc., to MRS. JAMES MONTGOMERY, Secretary Box 888, New York City OTHER OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer, D. D., of Cairo, Pr(;sident Dr. Robert E. Speer of New York, Vi~e President Delavan L. Pierson of New York, Vice President Dr. James L. Barton Mrs. Wm. Rordru Dr. Frank Mason Nort.h Mrs. Wm. B. Hill Mr. Fermdl P. Turner Miss Anna 1.. Dawes Dr. Charles H. Tyndall Mrs. Fillh,y J. Shepard Dr. Charles R. Watson Mrs. D. L. Pierson SEND GUTS TO Mrs. E. E. Olcott 322 West 75th St., New York, Treasurer Please mention THlt MISS]ONARY Rtvn:w ot" 'tHlC WORLD in writing to advertisers 1919 Missionary Conferences and Conventions Woman's Summer Schools of Missions JUNE 2- 7-0klahoma City, Okla., Mrs. H. S. Gilliam, 2244 W. 13th St., Oklahoma City. 2- 7–St. Paul, Minn., Mrs. W. B. Smith, 1044 Marshall Avp., St. Paul, Minn. 2- 7-Los Angeles, Cal., Mrs. E. Y. Van Meter, 4972 Pasadena Ave., Los Angeles, Cal. 19-26-Winona Lake, Ind., Mrs. C. E. Vickers, 312 N. Elmwood St., Oak Park, Ill.

26-July 3-Lake Geneva, Wis., Mrs. C. E. Vickers, 312 N. Ehnwood St., Oak Park, Ill. JULY 1- 8-Northfield, Mass. (Home Missions), Mrs. Tabor Knox, Warwick, New York.

5-12-Mt. Hennon, Cal., Mrs. H. A. Johnson, 2848 Derby St., Berkeley, Cal. 9-17-Northfield, Mass. (Foreign Missions), Miss Helen Calder, 704 Congregational House, Boston, Mass. 17-23-Bay View, Mich., Miss Carrie Barge, Delaware, Ohio. 19-27-Tarkio, Mo., Mrs. E. C. Little, Tarkio, Mo. 2(}-26-Lakeside, Ohio, Mrs. John Mitchell, Lakeside, Ohio. 3(}-Aug. 8-Wooster, Ohio, Mrs. Smith Comley, 57 S. Champion Ave., Columbus, Ohio. AUG. 1- 8-Mt. Lake Park, Md., Miss Susan C. Lodge, 1720 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa. 9-17-New Wihnington, Pa., Miss Anna Milligan, 200 N. 15th St., Philadelphia, Pa. . 24-3O-Chautauqua, New York, Mrs. T. E. Adams, 2033 E. 88th St., Cleveland, Ohio. SEPT. 21-27-DalIas, Texas, Mrs. L. P. Smith,33l9 Drexel Drive, Dallas, Tex. Dates not known-Boulder, Colo., Mrs. B. D. Wilson, 1400 Detroit St., Denver, Colo.

-Chambersberg, Pa., Miss Mary Peacock, Torresdale, Pa. -Denton, Tex., Mrs. F. B. Carroll, Denton, Tex. -Monmouth, III., Mrs. T. H. McMichael, Monmouth, Ill. –Sterling, Kans., Mrs. J. W. Duff, Sterling, Kans.

Interchurch World Movement Conferences (Formerly Under the Auspices of the Missionary Education Movement) JUNE 24-July 3-Blue Ridge, N. C., Rev. E. C. Cronk, 124 E. 28th St. New York City. JULY 4-13-Silver Bay, New York, Rev. E. C. Cronk, 124 E. 28th St., New York City.

11-2o-Estes Park, Colo., Dr. William J. Minchin, 415 Temple Court Bldg., Denver, Col. 15-24-Asilomar, Cal., Rev. J. C.Worley, 1I01 Wright & Callen dar Bldg., Los AngeJes, Cal. 18-27-0cean Park, Me., Rev. J. P. Broadhead, 53 Mt. Vernon St., Boston, Ma5s. 25-Aug. 3-Lake Geneva, Wis., Dr. Reuben L. Breed, 19 S. La Salle St., Chicago, Ill. 3(}-Aug. 8-Seabeck, Wash., Rev. John H. Matthj!ws, Sixth and University Sts., Seattle, Wash.

Canadian JUNE 3(}-July 7,…….Whitby, Ontano, Rev. H. C. Priest, 538 Confederation Life Bldg. Toronto. JULY 1(}-17-Knowlton, Quebec, Rev. H. C. Priest 538 Confederation Life Bldg., Toronto.

22-29-WolfviIIe, Nova Scotia, Rev. H. C. Priest, 538 Confederation Life Bldg., Toronto.

Miscellaneous JUNE 24-29-China Inland Mission Conference, Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, 507 Church St., Toronto.

JULY 8-13–Summer School of Missions, Oxford, Pa., Rev. C. S. Cleland, 802 N. 17th St., Philadelphia, Pa.

13-2I-SOuthern Presbyterian Conference, Montreat, North Carolina, Mrs. W. C. Wins- borough, 520 Dehnar Bldg., St. Louis, Mo.

16–27-United Evangelical Conference, Baltimore, Ohio, ReV. H. V. Summers, 1410 Wesley Ave., Columbus, Ohio.

2(}-26-Methodist Mis!.ionary Conference, Lakeside, Ohio. 23-Aug. 6-Southern Methodist Conference, Lake Junaluska, N. C., John W. Shack- ford, 810 Broadway, Nashville, Tenn. 28-Aug. 3-Methodist Missionary Conference, Ocean Grove. N. J., Mrs. Wm. R. Blackie, 239 E. 237th St., New York City. AUG. 1(}-I4–8ummer School of Missions, Xenia, Ohio, Mrs. Joseph Kyle, Xenia, Ohio. Pr..sbyterian Young People's Conferences, Rev. Wm. Ralph Hall, Witherspoon Bldg., Phila- delphia, Pa. Reformed Church Conferences, Rev. John H. Poorman, 15th & Race Sts.; Philadelphia, Pa. Canadian Conferences, Rev. F. C. Stephenson, M.D., 299 Queen St., West, 'toronto. Christian and Missionary Alliance Conference~, Rev. R. H. Glover, M. D., 690 Eighth Ave., New York City.

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the large, bold type. EDITORIAL"AND BUSINESS CHAT Then by "Just turning the knob" t~e .~ GERMAN MISSIONARIES IN t'f~e' 8 'ua.a.v. "to,. …. CHINA )~"~a.. oo,.,..avo~a..~oe. Some misSIOnaries in China object very strongly to the action of the Al- ~y Sund4Y School set'c8$. lies in compelling the Chinese Government to expel two hundred German "Many Typewriters In One" Protestant missionaries from the Republic. At the request of a number "l!B Would ~ou like to know wlw the of missionaries from other countries, the Government exempted these Ger- ~tlP~",,~…am.,j°;~:J.r W~ul:n man missionaries from deportation, but is now compelled to reverse the you in 'our words: decision. The churches, schools, and hospitals of these German nlissions Because of iu yer. .tlllty! aries must be closed and thousands of young Chinese Christians left unshep- The Multiplex Hammond does everyherded, unless other Protestant mis- thing any other typewriter wUl do, sionaries can assume responsibility for and Iwlid••, U yon "Just turn the the work. The Chiinese connected knob" you can change from ODe style with the German missions have beg- of $ype, or from one langcage. to anged that their pastors might remain, other. Note the ahove speclmeu but their appeals have been unavail- (slightly redueed) all Vlril"" 0" IA. ing. The missionaries of Allied SAMB tnachin•• countries do not desire the enforcement of this decree, but the Allied No Other Typewriter Can Do Thi. governments demand it. No matter IDh. American Motherhood you "ret what 70U For Every Home in the Land are. or whaTe you are. the Multiplex Reco,nized Authority on HammODd Is the writID g maehlne The MOTHER for YOU. Mall The CHILD and The HOME ~~e':, i~':f'::~ for $1.25 per Year Also a PORTABLE Model With MI..lonary Review, $3.15 Full capacity. Weight about 11 POUDds. Ask Cor special Colder. Mailed Cree. THE ARTHUR H. CRIST CO. Inquire abQut apecial terms to Cooperstown, N. Y. p r o f• •s i o n a l a ____________Free Folder____________• THE HAMMOND TYPEWRITER CO. 577 Eaat 69th St •• New York City. Please send tree Folder to: Name________________________ ____________________ Ad~I OCCUpatJOD _______________ Please mention THJt. MISSIONARY R~VI~W OJ? THlt WORLD in writing to advertisers fACTS WORTH QUOTJING For the industrial training of the native some forty schools, all in receipt of government aid, have been established in connection with missionary societies in various parts of South Africa. The ag'gregate enrollment in these institutions in 1914 was 1800 pupils. (See page 420.) Civilization has overtaken the A fricon, increasing his wants, multiplying his expenses and thus compelling him to labor. If he is to survive, it is clear that he must develop new methods and new habits of industry. (See page 414.) Africa, equally with the Balkans, has been the powder magazine of the world. War clouds have hung over Europe more than once because of what European govern- ments were doing in Africa. In Africa are not only the possible spoils of war, but a great opportunity for an experiment in international government. (See page 435.) The full meaning of democracy has not penetrated the mind of the pagan African, nor does he understand the ideals of the League of Nations, but the war has created a psychological atmosphere for missionary work The native is coming ·to recognize education as the basis of the white man's power, and the place where that education is accessible is the mission station. (See page 437.) Mohammedanism has suffered less and benefited more by the war than has Christianity. Christian propaganda centers in schools and mission stations, which in many in- .stances have been closed during the war; while the Mohammedan propaganda cen- tCC"S in the trader, who can qnickly resume his travels on the caravan routes. (See page 439.) The native Africa!, Church has shown the faith and endurance that prove its capacity for a large place in the reconstruction plans of the missionary enterprise. In spite of suffering and persecution, progress toward ·self-suport has been steadily made. Everywhere the native Christian has seized the opportunity of carrying the gospel to other tribes, and as a steadying influence in' the overseas labor corps, he won high praise. (See page 44l.) Each of the eight Boards cooperating in the new program for Mexico will develop an agricultural and mechanical coJlege, strategically located, all of which will be under the supervision of one general secretary, vho will coordinate these schools and endeavor to cooperate with the government and people in a solution of the land problems. (See page 43l.) Seven churches have grown alit of the Presbyterian Chnrch at Elat, West Africa, yet the present membership is over 4000. At an average communion service recently 55 babies and 225 adults were baptized, and 300 persons examined for membership. (See page 464.) A Hindu political leader of prominence reads the New Testament every day, and asserts that the best of all religions is found in the Christian faith which, he says, should be interpreted for India in the light of Hindu metaphysics, rather than Jewish. (See page 470.) A survey of Mexico in 1914 disclosed the fact one city of 35000 had three strong mis- sion normal schools, while another whole state with a million population had not a single evang'e1ica! school. The fads revealed in this survey have brought about a redistribution of territory for missionary work. (See page 431.) In 1800 eighty per cent of the people in America culti"ated the soil. Today only twenty- four per cent are farmers. There arc seventeen great cities in the United States, each of which is larger than any aile of our ten smallest states, yet our ability to create satisfactory social conditions has not kept pace with this changed industrial situa- tion. (See page 447.) N at in vain have the mission schools throughout the world been sending out graduates by the thousand year by year. In India not less than a million new literates are being produced each year, and the governme!it of Japan has seen to it that the people are being taught to read. Literacy among women is growing in the Far East. Must we not send Christian literature to satisfy this thirst for knowledge? (See" page 460.)

~C7 Shall Christians Intervene in Russia?

.. . . . . . . .w '…. LI A MAP OF THE CONTENTS . ..

OUR YEW OF THE WOIUJ) Industrial Training in Missions IN THIS NUMBEI LEADINC AR11a.t.S AND mrrOlUAI::.S AU. INDICATEJ) ItT T1TLE5 THE NUMBER OF NEWS ~ ON EACH COUNTRY IIINDlCAnD BY AItABIC JlUMEltALS

VIII

THE JAPANESE GUARD IN SEOUL, KOREA 'l'hese soldiers kept streets clear arid endeavored to keep Korean shops open A KOREAN CROWD OF NON-RF,SIS'l'ING DI,MONSTRATORS Such peaceful crowds as this were beaten, bayonetted and shot by the Jap3nese SCENES IN THE KOREAN INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT

MISSIONARY

EVIEW'

VOL J U N E , 1 9 19 NUMBBB SIX XLII THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS I T seems incomprehensible that nineteen centuries can have passed since the coming of Christ into the world and that men have not yet learned a better way to settle disputes than by recourse to arms. The recent war, with its fabulous expenditure of life, money and other resources, has brought about a general desire on the part of civilized nations for the settlement of questions by an appeal to reason and justice rather than by an appeal to force. Militarism has been weighed in the balances and has been found wanting. It will take decades for the world to recover from the results of the recent world war.

Is right to be substituted for physical might as a basis for peace T The need is unquestioned. Disputes and disagreements are certain to arise. Nations desire to expand and to prosper commercially. Primitive peoples are unfit to- govern themselves and yet are unwilling to be under the domination of a foreign power. Some nations are still only partly civilized or have differing ethical standards so that they cannot agree among themselves or with more enlightened nations. Japan desires Korea and takes the peninsula by force rather than have it in possess,ion of her rival, Russia. She seeks Shantung and Manchuria for expansion, and plans to secure the territory,regardless of China's rights. Italy wants Fiume and the Dalmatian Coast, and withdraws from the Peace Conference to enforce her demands. Belgium is dissatisfied with the indemnity awards. Russia, Central Europe and the Balkans are still in turmoil. Egyptians, Arabians, Syrians, Indians and Africans are making their demands and threaten trouble, if they are kept in subjection to European powers. The Philippines demand independence. Ireland struggles to be free from British control. Mexico is still a hot bed of insurrection, and 401

many other states of Latin America are continually on the verge of border warfare or internal revolution. What is to be done to preserve peace ~ The League of Nations is man's answer. It is expected that this League will be adopted. by the Peace Conference .before this number reaches our subscribers, and that it will be adopted by the Allied nations soon afterward. The Covenant provides that the thir- ty-two signatories to the Treaty of Peace, the thirteen other nations invited to become charter members, and such others as are later admitted by a two-thirds vote may become members of the League.

The Council is to consist of representatives of the United States of America, the British Empire, France, Italy and Japan, together with four other members elected from the Assembly which· includes representatives of all the members of the League. Geneva, Switzerland, has been selected as the first seat of the League and Sir James Eric Drummond is the first General Secretary.

No present decision has been reached as to the limitation of armaments, although the wisdom of such limitation is acknowl- edged. Any war or threat of war is considered a matter of con- cern to the League. Disputes between members likely to lead to a rupture are to be first submitted to the League for arbitration and no nation will resort to war until three·months after the re- port by the Council or the award by the arbitrators. A disregard of the covenants Of the League is to be punished by expulsion and "boycotting" the offending nation, and by such forcible means as may be deemed wise.

The German Colonies and Turkish territory that have ceaied to be under control of these nations and are not quite ready for self- government are to be entrusted to more advanced nations as "big brothers" to be trained for self-government. Freedom of conscience and religion is guaranteed in these colonies, but not to such peoples as are now denied them. There is also a provision for prohibition of the liquor traffic and fire arms in Africa.

As to social and economic conditions the members of the League agree to endeavor to secure and maintain fair and humane conditioJlf'

of labor for men, women and children in all countries, the just treatment of natives, the execution of agreements with regard to traffic in women and children, in opium and other dangerous drugs and for the international control and prevention of disease. This docnment is good so far as it goes, but it utterly disregards the unchanged character of human nature. W orId policies and ideals must be revolutionized; and selfishness, national and individual, mnst be uprooted before idealism can be established. The work of Chris- tian missionaries has made possible the progress already attained.

Their courage, their service as pioneocs of civilization, their unselfishness, their teaching of Christian truth and their idealism

19191 SIGNS OF THE TIMES

have raised the peoples of the world to a point where they catch a glimpse of a better way. The principles of brotherhood, of righteousness and of stewardship, expressed in th·e covenants of the League, are the results of Christian teaching.

But there is still much to be learned. Internal troubles may still be settled by. force of arms. Religious liberty may still be deni~d, injustice may still prevail in industry, laws may be disregarded, politics may be corrupt, men and women may be weaklings and hypocrites in spite of the most ideal League. Stability and harmony are based on mutual confidt'nce in each others integrity and unselfishness. Character is the basis of such confidence and the only bedrock of character is Jesus Christ. Not Democracy but Theocracy is the world's hope. The Reign of Jesus Christ is the only reign that will bring Peace.

THE LEAGUE OF DENOMINATIONS I T seems appropriate that with the establishment of a League of Nations, there should also come a League of Denominations in the Interchurch World Movement. Both are intended to promote world wide peace, better understanding between men and greater efficiency and progress. But while the League of Nations is based on international laws and is to hold governments in check, the. League of Denominations is based on loyalty to Jesus Christ and is intendrd to promote His Kingdom on earth. The one is international, designed ultimately to include all civilized nations; the other is inter-denominational, intended to include all evangelical churches in North America.

As there is need for a League of Nations to put an end to international jealousies and conflicts, so there is need of an Interchurch World Movement to put an end to denominational rivalries and to bring about closer cooperation among the followers of Christ in their battIe against ignorance and evil. The Church of Christ should move like one mighty army against the strongholds of Satan. Instead of that, each sect has too often been making its own plans of campaign as though it alone were carrying out our Lord's Great Commission. Over one hundred and fifty Christian sects and sub-sects are listed in North America. These include seventeen Baptist bodies, fifteen evangelistic associations, twentytwo Lutheran bodies, seventeen Methodist and fourteen Presbyterian and Reformed bodies. Some sects bear such distinctive titles as "Duck River Baptists," "Two-seed-in-the-Spirit Baptists," "Church of God as Organized by Christ," "Non-sectarian Church of Bible Faith," "Church of Daniel's Band," etc.

There is undoubtedly good reason for the division of Christians

into various· households and societies in order that each may find opportunity for the expression of his or her individuality. As long as men differ in taste and personality, in interpretation and ap- plication of truth, there will be reason for differences in modes of worship, in forms of government and in minor matters of belief and methods of service. But there should be union in loyalty to the Great Hrad of the Church and unity, without jealous rivalry 01'

misunderstanding, in the conduct of Christ's campaign at home and abroad.

Considerable progrf'SS has bern made in interchurch plans of coopcration. A meeting of representatives of Protestant churches in North America was held in Cleveland, April 30th and May 1st, to consider the plans of the Interchurch World Movement and to give opportuni'ty for presentation and open discussion as to the ideals and program of the movement for America and the world.

About five hundred delf'gates were present from twenty-eight de- nominations. Of these, fifty-five were officers of Home Mission Boards, sixty of Foreign Mission Boards, seventy-six of Women's Boards and seventy-two officers and mfmbers of other Boards. Of the- denominations the Methodists were most conspicuous, with 131 delegates; the DiscipleS' sent 76 delegates, the Baptists (north) 51, the Congregationalists 46, the Presbyterians (north) 42 and the Reformed Church in the United States 28. It was noticeable that the Southern Baptists ,vere entirely absent, and many other evangelical bodies were unrepresented, or had few and silent mem- a bers in attendance. A more even distribution of representation. and larger number of pastors and laymen is desirable.

The Cleveland presentation of the plans and ideals was mas- terly and inspiring, but there .was not sufficient opportunity for open discussion of the problems involved. Dr. S. Earl Taylor, the Executive Secretary of the Movempnt and the General Secre- tary of the Methodist Centenary, presided ably at the sessions or the Conference. The various departments of the Movement were presented by the temporary or permanent secretaries of each de- partment.

One could scarcely fail to be convinced of the value of the united surveys, of cDoperation in the presentation of the- needs to the churches, and of a clearing house to decide what work is mosineeded and which organization is best fitted to as- sume the responsibility for it.

There are great possibilities in such a movpment and grave dangers which should be foreseen and avoided. Of these we will speak later. A committee of twC'nty-two was appointed to report the" Findings" of the conference. This report expressed approval of the cooperative effort of churches to study and supply the need of the world for the Gospel of Christ. The report stated:

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

"that the Interchurch vVorld Movement is a cooperative effort of the missionary, educational and other benevolent agencies of the Evangelical Churches of the United States and Canada, to serve unitedly their common present tasks, and simultaneously and together secure the necessary resources of men and women and power required for these tasks; that it is a spiritual undertaking of survey, education and inspiration, that it is an instrumentality of cooperation and coordinatIOn of administrative agencies and designed to serve, not to supplant them. We affirm our definite understanding that this is not an eccleciastical movement nor an effort to organic union. It will not disturb or interfere with the administration of any Church or Board. Neither will it undertake to administer or to expend * funds for any purpose beyond its own proper administrative expenses.

It has a definite and temporary mission. It will not interfere with or conflict with other denominational agencies."

Every Christian will welcome all signs of unity among the f01: lowers of Christ, indicating greater loyalty to Him, greater emphasis on the fundamentals of faith and greater earnestness in the cooperative effort to win men to yield their allegiance to Jesus Christ as the Son of God and the only Saviour of mankind.

THE STRUGGLE FOR LIBERTY IN KOREA T HE evils of 11 military regime are SGen in Japan and Korea as they have been brought to light in Europe. The army and navy of Japan exert autocratic control, and the military rule has brought about evils which the Koreans have found to be uubearable. The Japanese people and even the Japanese Diet have not been responsible for these conditions nor have they _been cognizant of many of the methods employed by the authorities to Japanize the Koreans.

Naturally the Koreans desire independence, since their country was annexed without war or grievance of any kind and without their consent. It may not be advisable or possible to yield to the wish of the Koreans at this time, since they are still a weak and untrained child race. But there is reason to demand that they and their land shall not be exploited by the Japanese, and that they shall not be unjustly treated by their rulers. Here is an opportunity for Japan to show herself an unselfish steward by governing the Koreans for the benefit of the Koreans and of the world at large.

Christian missionaries are responsible for the awakening _of the Koreans in intelligence and a desire for progress, but are not responsible for any anti-Japanese movement. 'rhe missionaries cannot, however, see their unarmed and unresisting Korean friends, inclUding women and children, maltreated and killed without a protest. Heart-rending accounts have been coming to America, * As originally presented the report made the statement that the work of the mov~ment was to be completed in 1924. This _was omitted on the ground that the work might be completed prior to that date. The temporary character of the movement was however emphasized.

from reliable sources, of school girls inprisoned for wishing independence, of boys maltreated and of unarmed men shot down by the military police. When some of the Koreans were arrested and were asked "Who is the leader -of the insurrection 1" they replied "God Almighty." "But who are His accomplices1" inquired the Japanese. "Twenty million Koreans," was the response.

While independence may not be feasible at this time, certain reforms are justly demanded and should be expected from the Japanese. These were stated by one of the missionaries who was called into conference by the Japanese authorities. They in- clude: 1. Due consideration of racial distinction between the Koreans and Japanese. There should not be the policy of absorption.

2. The privilege of Korean language study in the schools. This is now prohibited.

3. Freedom of speech, of the press, of public meetings and of travel. While Japanese and foreigners enjoy these, the Koreans are denied them.

4. Opportunity to promote social purity. The Japanese have forced prostitution as an institution upon the Koreans. The people have no means of self-protection against the taking of certain districts of their towns and cities for brothels, and of their women and girls for immoral purposes.

S. The removal of discrimination against Koreans in Japanese courts of ,iustice. At present no Korean has an equal chance with a Japanese before the courts.

These are manifestly reasonable and just demands. But the Koreans ask more, as is shown by their " Declaration of Independence" which reads in part as follows: We proclaim to all nations of the world the Independence of Korea and the liberty of the people; and announce to our children and grandchildren the great principles of human equality and the everlasting right of self-preservation.

With a history of four thousand years, the nearly twenty millions of people of this land sincerely and loyally unite to make clear this declaration, and to open up the liberties of the people, for the future as well as the present. We take this stand and show forth the true heart of man.

The world is changing. It is a great opportunity. We follow it. And it is the decree of God that men should have the right to strive for the power of life and preservation. In all the world nothing can stop or hinder us from this. * * * Since 1876, when we entered into treaty relations, at many times and in many ways, the strongest covenants have been made only to be disregarded. We do not now point out Japan's sin of insincerity, but .more th~n this. Although scholars on the platform and the government WIth defimte promises said they would regard our land as a colony, yet they have lo?ked on our men as ignorant people, and have sought by conquest to qUIckly possess our land. ·For a long time the progress of society has been blocked. They have not regarded the high aspirations of the people's hearts. Yet Japan should not be blamed for her lack of righteousness, but we should scold ourselves and not be quick to hate others; and if we give careful attention ~o the present, we will have no time to criticise old wrongs. Today there IS only

one duty for our men, that is to establish ourselves, and surely not to injure others. By the stern decree of our own consciences, we must open up the new life of our own household, and not indeed because of old hatred or some temporary feeling seek to expel others. The old thoughts and old powers, that have bound the policy of the Japanese Government into an unnatural and unreasonable condition must be swept away. And this con- * * * dition must be changed to a natural and reasonable one by the fountain of just principles. Today we, the people of Korea, have declared our independence; that by means of this Koreans may be enabled to pursue the illustrious life of right and duty; Japan may be enabled to completely fulfil her important obligation of supporting the Orient; and China, by means of this may be enabled also to escape from the terrible dream of fear. Again, the important preservation of the peace of the Far East is one step in the direction of world peace and human happiness. Should not this move men?

* * * By obtaining our liberty, we will have a more abundant life and happiness; so let us unite all ~tRe people's powers in this effort for independence.

We earnestly strive with a good conscience; we preserve together the true principles; united we advance, old aIJd young, men and women; putting away sadness, we rise in action, like a mighty host to make a new and happier life.

A THREEFOLD PUBLIC AGREEMENT 1. Today we seek to establish correct principles, human rights, preservation of life, and an illustrious people; and so while asking for our liberties, decide never to give up.

2. We also agree that to the last man, and to the very end, we will joyfully show forth this true obligation of the people.

3. In all our movements we agree to emphasize the importance of orderly conduct, that by this our purpose and aims may be clearly known to be correct.

This declaration shows Christian restraint and high ideals. Moreover, the Korean leaders issued an "Important Announcement" calling on the "Respectable, Noble, Independent Korean Band not to insult the Japanese, or strike them with their fists, for these are the acts of barbarians." They had no weapons and their method was merely to leave schools, close shops, march, singing and shouting Manzai through the streets. For this they have been shot down, maltreated and haled to prison.

Surely it is time for the Japanese, for the sake of their own reputation as well as for the sake of justice to the Koreans, to grant the needed reforms and to win the Korean people by justice and by civil liberty, rather than seek their subjection by brute force.

This is a critical time for Christian missions in Korea. The powers of darkness are again arraigned against the powers of light. A recent communication from Japan intimates the purpose of the Japanese to grant certain reforms and a measure of se1£- government to the Koreans. It is to be hoped that civil government will also replace military control.

SHALL CHRISTIANS INTERVENE IN RUSSIA B OLSHEVISM is a natural product of tyranny-political or industrial. When autocrats rule the masses with a rod of iron, the common people will await their opportunity for revenge. When plutocrats rule the laboring classes selfishly, their employees will retaliate without mercy whim the opportunity comes. When military offieers treat their men as cannon fodder, revolution will ultimately turn the tables. Russia has suffered unspeakably in these ways, and Bolshevism is the result of the upheaval that has put the proletariat in power. Add to this the fact that the masses have not been taught self-government, and that their leaders are not actuated by the principles of mercy and justiee, and it is easy to understand the reign of terror that has gripped the country.

Under the Czar's autocratic regime, the common people were treated like cattle, without real civil or religious liberty. Jews were oppressed, Stundists, Doukhobortsi and other Protestants were restrained, and Orthodox Catholics were treated like children.

There are three methods of treating Russia in the present crisis. (1) Allow them to fight each other until one or the other class gains absolute control. This means anarchy, and possibly another despotism. (2) To send in Allied forces in sufficient numbers to quell the disturbance, and establish in power those best fitted to govern. This may mean the union of the Russian masses against the Allies, and unlimited bloodshed and expenditure of money. Afterwards, it might bR necessary for the Allies to police the country and maintain peace with a huge standing army. (3) Another method is ideal, if practical. It is for the Allied nations to conduct an educational campaign in Russia through the printed page and spoken word, in order that Russians may learn the practical ideals of selfgovernment, and of civil and religious liberty. This program would include also a systematic campaign in the interests of Christian truth, conducted by the Christian forces of America and Great Britain. Russia is longing for education and would welcome .America's help. Mr. Jerome Davis, a Y. M. C. .A. worker who has been in Russia for two and a half years, reports that the Russian Church is eager for help from America. Priests came to him, often late at night, asking for as'sistance in organizing Sunday-schools, men's clubs and social service work. They want literature on church work in America to show them how to adapt themselves to new conditions.

This is hopeful, but there is a deeper need than a change in method. What the Russian Church needs is new spiritual life. Casting away the old garments is not enough. A spiritual revival must be experienced, followed by unhampered education in the teachings of Jesus Christ.

Christ All and in

A MISSIONARY BIBLE STUDY- BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D. D.

"I am the way, the truth and the Life. No man cometh unto the Father but by Me." John 14:6 The audacity of this claim is all the more startling because the words occur parenthetically as a reply to an interruption. Almost casually Christ asserts that He and He alone meets all the needs of the human heart, the intellect and the will. Some non-Christian religions place emphasis on the right way of communion with God.

Others emphasize the supreme importance of dogma or doctrinal truth against heresy; and others again put the sole emphasis on right living and noble conduct. In the following table we indicate how Jesus Christ is the fulfilment of all these ideals. He meets the craving of the heart for communion, of the mind for truth and of the will for direction. He is all and in all because He reveals the Father, declares the truth and communicates a new life to those who are dead in sin.

The table below indicates, by its threefold division, some of the lines of thought that might be followed in applying this truth. It is summed up by the Apostle when he says that Christ in all things "has the preeminence." The same thought occurs in We·sley's Hymn. "Thou, Oh Christ, art all I want. More than all in Thee I find."

THE WAY THE TRUTH THE LIFE Essene Pharisee Sadducee Hinduism Islam· Buddhism Method of Thought Material of Thought Goal of Thought Mystic Dogmatic Ethic Philosophy Theology Sociology Worship Confession Expression Communion Orthodoxy Vitality Liturgy Creed Conduct Sacrament Missions Ministry Heart Mind Will John Paul James Love Faith Hope The Fruit The Root The Tree The River of Life The Head of the Body The Rock of Ages The non-Christain religions and philosophies have no true ideals or vital truths that are not found in Christianity. What they lack Christianity supplies. What they have Christianity surpasses. As Joseph Parker said, "There may be comparative religions but Christiauity is not one of them." It is positive, superlative and final. The Cross alone bridges the chasm between the sinner and God.

409

j..>

c ONE OF THE ANTI·CHRISTIAN INFLUENCES EXISTING AMONG SOUTH AFRICAN MINERS A Sunday Dance by Ba'Sutos in a Johann esburg Compound

of Industrial Training in

BY PROF. J. DU PLESSIS, STELLENBOSCH. SOUTH AFRICA T HE industrial phase of the missionary enterprise has an as- sured place as the fourth of the great departments of mis- sionary activity-the evangelistic, the educational, the medical and the industrial. In countries like Japan and China, which possess an indigenous civilization and native industries, this form of missionary work may be largely dispensed with; but for the uplift of the backward races of the world it possesses an importance which can hardly be over estimated.

1. THE VALUE OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING, as ono of the indispensable methods of mission work, is threefold: it is based on a sound pedagogic principle, it is an effective means of securing the highest object of all education-the formation of character. It has also high economic value for the native himself,. for the mission which trains him and for the whole community. In other words, industrial training has pedagogic, moral and economic value.

The pedagogic importance of industrial work lies in the fact that it means the introduction of a kind of glorified kindergarten among the child-races of the world. Froebel founded his kindergarten system on two principles-first, that true education consists in the harmonious development of the powers of mind and body, and second, that the teacher's part is to present suitable material for the innate spontaneity of the child's mind to operate upon. These principles are of supreme importance in their application to the child-native. The instruction and development of the mind at the expense of manual training tends to make him topheavy, and give rise to that pitiable object, the "native with the swelled head." The training of mind and hand should therefore proceed simultaneously.

Similarly, manual training brings into play the spontaneous powers of the native's mind. It imparts concrete and not merely abstract knowledge. Says Mr. W. C. Willoughby of the Tiger Kloof Institution: "I think that industrial training is very much more nece,sary for the natives than even book-learning-I mean as a matter of pure education. Industrial training will develop his power of thinking as book-learning never can. If you can teach a native boy the difference between eleven and three-fourth inches and one foot, you have taught him a very great dealsomething that will run through almost every department of his life."

Industrial training has the very highest moral value, as a means of building up and shaping the native's Christian character. It does this in various ways,-by counteracting the inertia that characterizes all primitive races living under the tropical sun, by 411

inculcating habits of regularity, unintermittent attention, and per- fect exactness and ueatness, by evoking and enhancing the native's self-respect and self-reliance, while increasing his humility, and by implanting a nobler conception of the worth and dignity of labor.

Christianity must mean very little for the African native if it does not teach him to work. The Christian native reads in his Old Testament the command, Six days shalt thou labor, and in his New Testament the law, If any man will not wOTk, neither shall he eat, and to these principles his reason and his conscience both as- sent. Moreover, Christianity has set up a new standard of life LV 'which he strives to conform. .

"It cannot be conceived that Christianity should really influence the heart of the negro, and leave him content in the midst of his old circum- stances, and his old unclean and immoral surroundings. Those who have had experience of mission work in Africa recognize how difficult it is for church members to maintain consistent lives unless the old idleness is ex- changed for habits of industry."* Manual training contributes to the formation of sterling Chris- tian character. Punctuality, in a country in which watches are unknown, and regularity, amid a people that have never heard of an "eight hour day," are virtues that have to be instilled by diligent instruction in manual toil. Such mechanical labor re- quires also the application of close attention and the most perfec~ exactitude and neatness. The slightest want of truth in measure- ment, and the day's work is lost, while valuable material has been hopelessly spoiled. More than this, the industrial worker develops a sense of responsibility to produce thoroughly good and reliable work. In his marvelous description of the storm which broke over the Norah Creina, Robert Louis Stevenson writes thus: "God bless every man that swung a mallet on that tiny and strong hull; it was not for wages only that he labored, but to save men's lives."

We must put forth every effort to awaken an industrial COIl- seience in our converts. Good honest work will increase both their self-respect and their self-reliance, without lessening their humility.

There are vocations which tend to self-conceit. The preacher and the teacher, under no necessity to labor with the hands, and dealing habitually with those who are both literally and metaphorically beneath them, lie specially exposed to this danger. At the car- penter's bench or on the tailor's table all are at the same level and the work on which they are engaged calls for co-operative and not for individual action.

The economic valtte of industrial work is seen in its three-fold benefit, to the native, to the mission and to the community. The impact of modern civilization has broken up the fabric of ancient institutions, and made many native customs and habits of life obso- lete or' obsolescent. As a Christian an African may no longer in- • George Grenfell in Hawker's Life of Grenfell, p. 395.

ONE; OF THE; CHRISTIAN INFLUJ';NCE;S IN A SOUTH AFRICAN

Service among mine employees in the native compound at Elizabethville

dulge in a plurality 0:1' wives, and must therefore substitute the plow for the hoe in tillage. Civilization too is upon him, shutting him in to his narrow reserve, increasing his wants, multiplying his expenses, imposing new taxfs, and thus shaking him out of his lethargy and competling him to labor. At first the chief wealth of the native consisted in cattle; now the natives within the South African Union possess, on an average, no more than one goat, rather less than one sheep, and half an ox apiece. He is very little better off as an agriculturist, for the area of cultivable land is limited, the water supply inadequate, and prolongrd droughts almost as much the rule as the exception. "Thus it will be seen," says the Principal of Lovedale Institute, "that the Bantu are becoming impoverished in their permanent resources, and are living dangerously close to the line of permanent hunger. A struggle for existence is setting in on a great scale. If the Bantu are to survive it is clear that they must as a people develop new methods of agriculture and new habits of industry."

Both the mission and the community have need of the trained native artisan. Most missionary societies possess native skilled laborers whom they have trained themselves. It cannot well be otherwise in primitive surroundings. The missionary artisan must gather around himself a number of native apprentices, as carpf'nters, bricklayers, masons, gardeners; for without their aid the mission station cannot be built. But. the native who has been trained to some trade in the mission workshops is not long in discovering that there is greater scope (and better pay) for his abilities in the community at large; and so he soon passes beyond the reach of the mission to which he owes his training, and becomes, from an economical point of view, a lost asset.

It is impossible for any given mission to employ all the men whom it trains. To train no more men than it can employ would be a selfish and short-sighted policy. The mission then should encourage its surplus of artisans to seek a living where work is abundant. Artisans trained in the shops of the Basel Missions on the Gold Ooast are found all over Nigeria, the Kamerun and the Oongo. Native tradesmen from Livingstonia may be met with at Elizabethville and Kambove in the Belgian Oongo, or at Bulawayo and Salisbury in Rhodesia. The Lovedale industrial dppartmpnt has furnished trained workers for all parts of South Africa, including Johannesburg, Kimberley and Bloemfontein.

OBJECTIONS TO INDUSTRIAL TRAINING The' objections to industrial training as a missionary method are chiefly three: the expense incurred, the competition e.ngendered between black and white operatives, and the apparent departure from the primary aim of missinlls.

VALUE OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING IN MISSIONS

BLACKSMITH DEPARTMENT~TRAPPIST MONASTERV, MARIANNHILL, NATAL First, then, as to the expense. It is a common complaint. of missionary boards all over South Africa that the industrial de- partments of the missions do not pay. In 1914 Mr. Henderson re- ported: "In the case of Lovedale the estimated expenditure on the industrial departments for the current year, including cost of materials, is £6,764, Towards this amount government grants are payable only to the extent of tl,296. . A loss like this can be borne by such an Institution as Love- dale only through the generosity of friends o'utsicle the Union, and at con- siderable sacrifice to the rest of the Institution ."

The reasons for this continued deficit are not far to seek. The grant by the government is wholly inadequate; the apprentices, for the first two or three years, at least, are not yet awage-earn- ing asset, and as soon as they are fully qualified their term of apprenticeship comes to an end; work such as is produced in the workshops of Lovedale or Tiger Kloof cannot compare in quality or finish with that produced in city manufactories served by skilled artisans and equipped with modern machinery; as often as not the mission workshops are situated at a distance from the markets which their goods are intended to supply; and finally, there exists in some minds a certain degree of ilrejudice against goods fash- ioned by black men in what is held to be undesirable competition with white tradesmen.

Second, an objection of far greater weight against industrial training, is the com.petition which it is likely to cause between

INSTITUTIONAl. CHURCH AT ELlZABETHVll,l,E JUST AFTER A CHRISTMAS DINNER black and white. On this point Mr. Maurice S. Evans, one of the most assiduous and careful students of our native question, writing in 1910, said: "The spectre which affrights the white man is a ~ision of the black man invading the towns as artisan, competing with him, working for lower wages at his side, bringing down the standard of living to his level. I do not say such a contingency is impossible if we continue along our present lines, but in any case it is some distance removed, and is hardly likely to be realized to the full extent sometimes depicted."

But in 1915, after a visit to the United States, he sounded a more ominous note: "The only thing I can clearly see is conflict- an industrial and racial drama played out in South Africa. On the one side will be better education, political power, labor organization, higher wages, and comparatively small numbers,-handicapped by the sinister fact that the members of .this race are relieved of much 5trenuous labor that makes for efficiency. On the other, great numbers with little cooperation and organization (at present at all events) but willing to work for low wages, with a natural fitness to climate and surroundings, with gradually improving efficiency, and with the training that manual labor gives."

In view of the urgency of this matter the Union Government in 1914 appointed a Commission on the Economic Question, which reported that it found the supposed competition between black and white operatives to be practically non-existent and whollynegligible, seeing that the natives were almost exclusively engaged in unskilled labor. The few who had been trained to a trade were far

from being- such experts as to be able to compete seriously with white mechanics, while in foresight and initiative they lagged hopelessly behind.

The census of 1911 revealed a few interesting facts which bear upon this point. Out of more than four million Bantu within the Union of South Africa only 6,000 were gaining a living as tradesmen, that is 1.5 per 1,000. Out of a quarter of a million colored people in the Union 17,000 were engaged in various trades, or 22.6 per 1,000. A writer who has given some attention to this matter writes as follows: "Colored workers have established themselves firmly in the industrial life of the country. In several departments of labor, notably those of fishery, – building and tailoring, they are not only ousting white workers, but have actually succeeded in monopolizing one at least of these. In proportion to their numbers they are already in a majority to white workers in the exercise of callings r~quiring manual skill."· We may safely conclude that the menace which skilled Bantu operatives are said to offer to white mechanics has been very much exaggerated. The time when such competition will become really serious is as yet remote.

Finally, an objection has been directed against industrial work and industrial training on the score that to engage -in it is to depart from the primary aim of missionary undertaking, namely • Stevens, "White and Black," p. 91.

A CORNER OF THE CARPENTRY DEPARTMENT, LOVEDALE INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTE

conversion. At the first General Missionary Conference held in South Africa in ]904 the Bishop of Lebombo is reported to have said: "The primary object of the Christian Church is not to make men carpenters . . . . Great sacrifices are made at home in order that the Gospel may be preached to the heathen; they do not make them in order that we may turn out good carpenters. Be very careful how you use funds for industrial work other than that which bears directly on the making of a good Christian. Industrial work has this advantage,-the first thing we want to do with the heathen is to make them listen to us, and industrial education is the bribe we offer to get people to listen to us as we tell the Gospel."

In this warning of Bishop Smyth there is much that missionary boards can profitably lay to heart. And yet it seems to me that the premise underlying his contention is false. What is the true object and aim of missions 1 Not merely the conversion of the individuar-though that is the immediate aim-but the ultimate salvation of the race. In pursuing this aim we certainly do not employ education, literary or industrial, as a bait to lure the native to our schools and our churches. The purpose of education is the Christian uplift of the tribe. Industrial institutions, like educational, cherish the hope that the pupils are Christians already, or will become Christians while inmates of the school; and this hope and aim is in most cases realized. But they will receive a heathen in the belief that if he is to be trained as a journeyman, it were better he received his training in a Christian school than under a godless master-workman.

THE PRESENT POSITION OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING"

The need for industrial training for the native is admitted and emphasized not only by the missionary, but by Government commissions, educationalists, magistrates, writers on the native question. The attitude of the native himself towards industrial training is much more encouraging than it was several years ago, when the belief was firmly rooted that education was a device to absolve him from the degrading necessity of working with the hands.

"But the. vital importance of their keeping hold of their land and developing it is at last being brought home to them, and the higher type of candidate now offering for the workshops, and the numbers-far beyond our accommodation-seeking admi~sion to them, and their readiness to pay for the benefit, point to a change of attitude for the better, which should be thankfully noted."* For t'he industrial training of the native some forty schools and departments, all of which are in receipt of government grantsin-aid, have been established in connection with missionary socie- See Dr. Loram's "The EdC:ltion of the South African Native" for the chief data which. are presented under this section ~ .

Princlpal of Lovedale. in International Review of Missions, 1914, p. 342.

GIRLS' TAILORING DEPARTMENT-TRAPPIST MONASTERY, MARIANNHILL

ties in various parts of the country. At all these institutions to- gether there was an enrolment, in 1914, of some 1,800 pupils, of which just 1,000 attended institutions established in the Oape Province, the actual numbers being 606 boys and 394 girls. The government grants-in-aid in the Oape Province are calculated upon the following scale: £120 per annum towards the salary of a qualified departmental instructor; £30 for the initial outfit of a department; and £15 per head per annum as maintenance grant for apprentices (£10 for girls). In the matter of fees there exists some differences of policy in the various institutions. The no-fee system can only be made to pay, under present conditions at least, if pupils are in- .dentured for a long period, so that their skill at the end may neutralize their inexperience at the commencemnt.

A distinction is sometimes drawn between industrial training, which is impartEd at schools or in departments specially devoted to the work, and manual training, which the pupil receives at set times in the ordinary school curriculum. Dr. Loramdeprecates this distinction, on the grounds that manual training is only giv£n in the highrr standards, so that not more than 1 per cent of the pupils benefit by it; and that the so-called manual training is theory rather than practice, and fosters the idea that the process and not the product is the thing that counts. But it would seem, nevertheless, that manual training in primary schools is a most useful, and indeed an indispensable, adjunct to mental training. "An ideal institution," says Mr. Lenna"rd, Ohairman of the General Missionary Oonference, "would be one where an equal amount" of time was given to industrial and to literary training."

To conclude, let me quote the words of Mr. Henderson of Lovedale on the spiritual results of industrial training: "The efforts of the apprentices at making things result in the forming of strong and stable character, beyond what is achieved in the case of pupils mostly occupied with book-wor~. The industrial apprentices at Lovedale lead in evangelistic and spiritual work." To the same effect is the testimony of Mr. Vlok of the Dutch Reformed Ohurch mission at Salisbury,' that the best men and most consistent Ohristians who come to Southern Rhodesia in search of work and wages are those who have been in training with the Zambesi Industrial Mission in Nyasaland. Industrial missions, then, if conducted in a truly Ohristian spirit and controlled by men who have the heart of an evangelist, are capable of producing the largest and most encouraging spiritual results.

MEN NEED THE GOSPEL IN SOUTH

Native Employees at Smelter, just going on shift at noon. There are three eight-hour shifts a day The food store-house is in the background Men and Minerals in Katanga IN A MISSIONARY OPPORTUNITY CENTRAl. AFRICAN MINES BY REV. JOHN M. SPRINGER, B. D., ELIZABETHVILLE, CENTRAL AFRICA Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church G OD made this country to produce copper" said Mr. Watson, , General Manager of the prospecting company in Kambove, when in 1907 we looked out over the copper malachite hills which could be seen in every direction. The whole copper belt is about 250 miles in length and along with this copper there are large deposits of lime and iron, needed for fluxing. The rivers close at hand have great falls for generating electric power.

Every year since then there have been new discoveries of tin, gold, diamonds, coal and other minerals. It is certain that so far only a fraction of the richness of that section of the country has been revealed.

"This is the beginning of a stream that will result in the in- dustrial transformation of Central Africa, " remarked Robert Williams at Elizabethville, as he saw the first stream of molten ,copper flo'w from the furnace in 1911'. That tiny stream has lll- 421

creased until in 1917 and 1918 there were produced each year 30,000 tons of copper, which is soon to be increased to 40,000 a month or 480,000 tons a year.

It is at this point that the missionary opportunity and the commercial activities meet. Copper cannot be produced without man power, and native labor must be had for this purpose. Native labor bureau agents scour the country to induce the natives from the bend of the Oongo, a thousand miles to the north, to the Vic- toria Falls in the Zambesi on the South, and from ocean to ocean, to come to work on these mineral fields.

These native men are taken from their villages and towns for periods of from six months to two years at a time. They leave their family life behind them and are congregated in compounds at the industrial centers and here they come in contact with white men from every part of the globe, most of whom are vicious and degenerate. Already the most significant changes are taking place throughout the entire country side, and greater ones must come in the near future. Vill these changes be for better or worse?

That depends.

"And God said, 'Let us make man in our image, after our like- ness, and let them have dominion . . over all the earth.' So God created man. . and God said 'Be fruitful and multiply and replenish the earth and subdue it and have dominion.' "

There are people who deplore the exploitation of Africa. But it is inevitable and it would seem to be within the plans and pur- poses of God.

The agencies operating in any community, civilized or un- civilized, are divided naturally into three groups: Ohurch, State and Commerce. We use the word Church to express the funda- mental religious life; State, to indicate the governing powers; and Commerce to include the development of resources and the pro- duction and exchange of commodities.

The most aggressive factor in all Africa to-day is the mining industry of the commercial group, and closely connected with this is the agricultural exploitation of the continent. European gov- ernments have followed commerce into practically every part of the interior. In some cases the native governments have been dis- placed j in the majority of cases j however, the tribal forms of gov- ernments have been retained, directed and controlled by the Euro- pean powers.

The Christian missionaries were connected with the very earli- est events in the modern exploration of Africa, and were the first to learn of these mineral deposits. In fact since the days of the Portuguese exploration of the shores of Africa, the missionary has played a prominent part as pioneer. It was Livingstone who heard of the hills of copper malachite in the Katanga and put them

19191 MEN AND MINERALS IN KATANGA

on his map in 1857. It was his letters to his children that so stirred one of their playmates, Fred Arnot, that he never rested until, in 1885, he penetrated the Katanga and established the Garanganze Mission adjacent to these rich mineral fields. A few years later, Mr. Arnot brought out a large party of missionaries, among whom were Dr. Walter Fisher and Dan Crawford. This Garanganze Mission, under the control of the Plymouth Brethren, found that they could not take on the work of the mineral fields in additiou to that for which they had already made themselves responsible in the villages.

The Methodist Episcopal Church of the United States is establishing work in the mines and in the mining towns. This is in part the fulfilment of the plans of Bishop Wm. Taylor, who, in 1885, proposed to put a chain of missions a thousand miles inland from Loanda.

Many problems and dangers confront us in this newest of the great mining centers of Africa. On the Rand in and around Johannesburg, where a generation ago there was only a sheep pasture, there is to-day a gold producing industry that commands continually the labor of 250,000 native workmen. This is but one of many mining centers, including Kimberley and Barbarton, which also require thei.r hundreds of thousands of natives.

Many of these natives are brought long distances, and segregated in large compounds where they are well fed and, when too ill to work, have necessary care and medical treatment. They are removed from all restraints of tribal control and the infiuences of family life. It is but natural for them to seek some diversion and amusement when off duty, and temptations abound both inside and outside these compounds.· At one time 600 white persons were in jail in Johannesburg for illicit liquor selling to these natives. Gambling is one of the mildest vices of the many that abound. The African in his native village has never been a model of virtue, but the vices and crimes that he learns of the white man in the mining towns might well make' a cannibal blush. Venereal di.seases are contracted and carried back to the kraals where the total population is being infected. The criminal intimacy of vicious whites with these blacks only tends to fan the fiame of race prejudice to a white heat.

Good likewise radiates at times from Johannesburg and other industrial centers as a result of Christian work. This might be increased many fold. A Wesleyan clergyman in Port Elizabeth conducted a night school which was attended by young men from several tribeR in the far interior. Some vears afterward when this minister was traveling in the northern Tr~nsvaal where the people were still heathen he was met by a comparatively well dressed deputation of mep, women and children who welcomed him to their village with

Christian songs. He learned that one of his converts in the night school had returned home with primer, hymn book and Scriptures, and had begun to teach and to preach in his home town. The Sabbath was observed, the people responded to the preaching and many were converted so that the whole community prospered. Some very acceptable and well prepared candidates were baptized and received into church fellowship.

Another young man who was converted at Johannesburg returned to his home among primitive pagans at Bushbuck Ridge. The needs of his people stirred his soul and he began a school and started a church among them. The work prospere9 until he felt it grew beyond his ability, and he sent to the missionary at Johannesburg asking for some one to help care for the enlarged work. No missionary has been available so that this young man and his wife, joined in the meantime by a trained young woman to aid in the school work, have had to meet the opportunities as best they could. The influence of this school is spreading to the surrounding villages.

A few years ago a group of missionaries was making a tour of Rhodesia in a region never before visited by missionaries, and where they met the usual ignorance and degradation. One day the people of one village who heard their message spoke up and said, "Oh, we have heard these good words before."

"And who told you"? the missionary asked. "Why Johannes, the son of the chief of this district." Inquiring where Johannes lived, the party made its way in that direction, and in all the villages on the way the people revealed their familiarity with the Gospel story and with Christian hymns and Bible teaching. At Johannes' home village, they found a fair sized and creditable school and chapel building. The Sabbath was observed and many were so well grounded in Scripture and showed such evidel).ces of changed lives that they were received on probation. Many of these were baptized not long afterward. Johannes had passed on to his people the good news that he had received at Johannesburg where many receive only evil. There are many such instances showing the possible influence for good that may result from Gospel work among the miners who return to their homes in the distant and unevangelized regions from which the labor is recruited. Some of the same unsavory conditions as are found in J ohannesburg obtain in the mineral fields of the Katanga. To meet them the Christian Church needs to have a well-manned and wellequipped work at each mine and in every town. We should be able to influence the life of every native that comes to the mines and towns to work. The present staff of workers and the equipment should be increased so as to occupy effecL:vely this great

MEN AND MINERALS IN KATANGA

strategic point of all central Africa. Among other needs are the following: . Night schools sufficient for one in every Compound. Institutional churches to make adequate religious and social provision for all the large centers.

Printing press sufficiently large to supply the increasing de- mands for thousands of primers, hymnals, devotional books, and other literature. Then the colporteurs should be multiplied several fold.

The night school opened in Elizabethville in 1914, was crowded to capacity and has so continued. Other night and afternoon schools in the camps or quarters of native workmen have also been well attended and are much appreciated. Lay evangelists add their services to missionaries and regularly employed workers, making it possible to hold many services each Sunday. The list of regular "hearers," increases and many probationers or catech- umen are enrolled as a result, the sales of primers, hymnals, por- tions of the Scripture in more than a dozen native languages, has been limited only by the supplies available, and have run into thousands of copies of many books.

The religious and educational needs must also be cared for in the outlying country 400 miles square to the north and west. The Methodist Episcopal Church has increased this work in her Cen- tenary program and hopes to supply these important needs.

Churches and Societies, both American and British, must en- large their work in the various areas of Central Africa, from which natives are recruited for these nllneral fields. A native who has been influenced by mission work before he leaves his home naturally relates himself to the missionary in the industrial centers. Those that are reached and converted at the mines also need shep- herding and further teaching when they return to their homes.

There is urgent need of greatly speeding up the activities of the Church so as to overtake and henceforth to keep pace with the other agencies of state and commerce, which are now affecting nearly one hundred per cent of the tribes and peoples. Today the Church touches the life of scarcely ten per cent.

If the Christian forces let the present opportunity pass unim- proved, the natives will become hardened and further degenerated in the school of vice. Evil forces will become more firmly en- trenched; many doors now opened will be closed and the difficulty _of the task will increase greatly.

The carrying out of an adequate program involves a five to ten fold increase of the present force and equipment of all mis- flionary forces at present operating in Central Africa.

of Alcohol in

BY SIR HARRY H. JOHNSTON, G. C. M. G., K. C. R, LONDON, ENGLAND, Late Special Commissioner and Commander-in-Chief of the Uganda Protectorate MISSIONARIES both of Christianity and Islam, and mostly missionaries of the Protestant Churches of Christianity, have rendered the most signal service to Africa and Europe· by fighting against the alcoholisation of the Mrican continent. The distillers of Europe and America and in a lesser degree the steamship companies, profited greatly by the traffic. It has just been pointed out in The Times of London, that the last British steamer, conveying a cargo mainly of Dutch and German provenance to West Africa before the submarine warfare began, took from Hamburg and Rotterdam 169,288 gallons of spirits, 33 cases of wine, brandy and liqueurs, all to be unloaded in the Niger Delta for the mental stupefaction' and bodily ruin of the negroes of southern Nigeria. If this was the average cargo of one West African steamer, you can calculate what the yearly import was like-multiplied by twelve for the monthly service to Nigeria and again by three for the three other West coast colonies-into British West Africa.

The missionaries first began attacking this importation of European and West Indian alcohol into Mrica in the forties of the last century. They found that in West Afric.a the native desire for brandy, rum and gin, was the chief stimulant of the slave trade_ The chiefs felt they must have alcohol, and consequently to purchase it from the white trader they must enslave their own and other tribes and bring or send the slaves to the coast. In South Africa the alcohol-Cape brandy-manufactured by the Dutch (and French Hugenot) vine growers, was killing off the Hottentots and the nearer Bantu tribes, and was leading to incessant native. wars; while the white man looked on cynically, profiting by the strife amongst the Negroes. The missionaries by their protests drew down on themselves the hatred of the traders and of the Dutch colonists. But they kept steadily at. it and are now not far from victory. The prohibition victory in the United States has helped enormously. Missionary influence so far swayed European governments and that of the United States that in the Berlin and Brussels conferences of the latter end of the nineteenth century, much of the interior of Africa, beyond the western coast belt and north of the Zambeziyou dared not interfere with the alcoholisation of South Africa without provoking another Dutch rebellion-was placed out of bounds for alcohol. Only the old-time French, British, and Portu- 426 guese colonies and the present states of the South African Union were exempted from prohibition of the importation and sale of alcohol for native consumption. Alcohol was only to be allowed in Northern Nigeria, Congoland, Central' and Ea~t Africa for the use of Europeans, and then in limited, carefully watched quan- ~ tities. In bringing about this improvement, the missionaries of Islam also played their part. In this battle there is tough fighting ahead against weak Governments, insincere statesmen and the hydraheaded forces of alcohol-aided in Britain by a pr~ss that is twothirds under the thumb of the distillers and brewers, and in France by a press that would sooner see Algeria, Morocco, Tunis, Senegal, the Ivory Coast, Dahome and the Kamerun go to th~ devil than ..- . . _-.::~:-e=.:-~~'-~~-.:=-";".'~.-.=~~"::-"::'=—-"':,-'~-:=-':-:-:-,-,–".'-'~—"'~ '- ; . thart; the profits on French vine- —" yards should be abated by one franc. There is a probability of victory if only the United States AREAS OF I'ROHIBITION IN AFRICA stands firm. Before the war, the one plea raised by the British Colonial Office against the enforcement of prohibition in the Gambia, Sierra Leone, Gold Coast and South Nigeria possessions in West Africa was the fact-or falsehood;-that the major part of this imported alcohol came from the distilleries of Holland and Germany; and that to forbid its entry into British West Africa might offend the Germans and alienate Dutch friendship. The victory of the Allies leaves us quite free to iguore the interests of German distillers; while as to those of Holland, we have to remember the welfare of those iInmense tracts of Africa which we have taken under our charge. The Dutch distillers, like those of Britian, France and America, must take the changed condtions into account and turn their manufacturing plants to chemical purposes. If distilled alcohol is bad for white men it is bad for Negroes; if it is to be withheld from the Negroes of the Congo Basin, of British Central Africa, East Africa, Uganda and Northern Nigeria, it must not be inflicted on the Gambia, the Gold Coast and Southern Nigeria. – French West Africa is not nearly so drunken a region as the coast districts of British West Africa. Firstly the mass of the Negroes and Negroidsare Mohammedans and total abstainers, and secondly the French officials frown on spirit drinking as fl rule. The

Ivory Coast has been infected with the gin habit from the adjacent coast lands of Liberia and the Gold Coast. Just before the War broke out the Governor of the Ivory Coast was seeking to bring about the prohibition of alcohol except for consumption by Europeans.

In Algeria, and in a lesser degree Tunis and Morocco, the French were before the war doing little to check the spread of brandy drinking among the Berbers and Arabs. The French wine producers will be a great obstacle in the path of prohibition. The public opinion of the future League of Nations must try to teach the French how to prepare unfermented grape juice so delicious and so wholesome in the United States, and further to export their grapes for eating and for raisins. In our work for th5 redemption of Africa we must fight to absolutely prohibit the entry into Negro and Arab Africa of distilled alcohol, except in an undrinkable form for use industrially as a chemical agent.

In Egypt and the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan the British Govern- _ ment is quite as much to blame as that of the French in Algeria, for not more actively discouraging the induction of the native populations into the consumption of distilled spirits-=-with much harm to their morale and their health. The Copts of Egypt always drank wine in former times but did not usually touch spirits. The Mohammedan Egyptians were total abstainers before the British occupation. Soon after that became well-organized, the young men in the towns-Copts and Mohammedans-picked up the whisky habit from British soldiers, officers and officials, and today a good deal of masculine 'young Egypt' is whiskified and drunken. In the Sudan, the chief harm was wrought by the Greeks, who set up stills in the wake of the British armies and distilled arnik from a. variety of substances of local growth. The Nubians and Sudanese picked up this process from the Greeks and low-class Levantine traders and carried the art of disti:[ling far into the heart of Mrica. When I was clearing up the effects of the Sudanese mutiny in Uganda Protectorate, the drunkenness among the Sudanese soldiers and their virago wives was a constant source of trouble, insubordination, acts of violence, and quarrels with the indigenous peoples. It nearly always resulted from some coarsely-brewed and very strong spirit obtained through the native stills from rice, sugar-cane, sorghum, or sweet potatoes.

Portuguese Africa, more especially the Mozambique Province -or rather the Trans-Zambezian half of Mozambique-has a bad reputation for alcoholism. The Portuguese distil rum from sugar and make no attempt to check its consumption by the Negroes. The result. is constant village and inter-tribal quarrels and petty wars. The Portuguese themselves are temperate. But they are quite

1919J PROHIBITION OF ALCOHOL IN AFRICA

without scruple on the. subject of trading in rum with the natives of Southeast and Southwest Africa, and their trades frequently smuggle rum into the forbidden area of the Congo State, and Portuguese Congo, where the natives are great drunkards. The Union of South Africa is still an alcohol screener and protector, seemingly because the vine growers of the Cape Province exercise the same inordinate influence over the Union Government as is wielded by the French vine growers over the policy of the French Republic. Heady and most unwholesome spirits circulate all over the territories governed by the Union Parliament. Though they are supposed not to penetrate into Basutoland, the Basuto chiefs are notoriously drunken. Bechuanalandhas been saved from this curse by the statesmanship and education of its veteran king, Khama. Alcoholdistilled of course–is the chief, the preponderating, cause of native and inter-racial trouble in South Africa. Even the Mohammedan Indians who come to Natal as abstainers from spirits give way to the temptation of the dram and the dope, and find themselves in the police court. Cape brandy is the main cause of attacks of black men on white women. Were the Negroes of the Transvaal and Orange States not allowed access to distilled alcohol, we should probably never hear of these attempts to assault white women. One never reads of such sexual crimes in Cape Colony, Zululand or even Natal; presumably because in those countries missionary influence is strong and has been used unswervingly against alcohol.

The British Gold Coast is an object lesson within a comparatively small area of the effects of alcohol on a Negro people and of the advantages of abstinence. In the Gold Coast Colony and in a lesser degree in_Ashanti, the native is allowed to drink as much gin, rum, brandy or whisky as he can buy from the white traders. The result is that he shows less and less stamina against disease; his system is more and more recalcitrant to healing medicines. North of Ashanti in Voltaland, we see a blessed contrast. In these northern territories of the Gold Coast, say the missionaries, the population is almost entirely Mohammedan, and its introduction has been forbidden. Here therefore you can see a splendidly vigorous people who are destined in course of time to displace the effete coast populations; unless, that is, they too sucumb to the infection, thanks to the pusillanimity of' the Colonial office–afraid to incur the enmity of the alcohol interests in England, Scotland and Ireland by extending the whole system of prohibition over the whole of British West Africa. At present out of an approximate area of 470,000 square miles of British West Africa, 320,000 are under prohibition and only 150,000 square miles given over to alcohol. But the alcoholic districts abut on the non-alcoholic; and distilled alcohol is gradually permeating the whole of British West Africa, to its great detriment.

Yet it must never be forgotten that in fighting this poison, we need a policy of construction as well as ·of destruction. While we take away the allurements of alcoholic drinks we must offer man- kind-black, white and yellow-some alternative other than cold water. Cold water, cold pure water, is best for thirst, but how difficult to obtain, how fraught with danger if from an impure ~ source! What physicians and chemists must proceed to invent and put on the market is a variety of beverages which will be (1) pala- table; (2) mildly or markedly stimulating; (3) thirst-quelling (4) harmless. We want some process by which grape juice may be sub- stituted for wine all over the world. Then prohibitionists may be able to shake hands with a French, a Cape Colony, an Australian, Rhineland, Portuguese, Spanish, or Italian vine grower. And not only the juice of the grape, but of the orange, banana, grenadilla, raspberry, pomegranate, plum, cherry and other luscious fruits of the tropical and temperate zones. Already medical science is be" ginning to concern itself more intimately with the therapeutic quali- ties of various fruit and nut juices. We should concentrate all our forces-missionary, medical, political-economist, philanthropic-on the prohibition of alcohol in Negro and Negroid Africa. Simultane- ously we should try by propaganda to give publicity to all the wholesome substitutes for alcohol.

ALCOHOL AND DRUGS IN INDIA PRONOUNCEMENT BY SIXTY-SEVEN MEDICAL MEN IN INDIA It has been proved by careful scientific experiments and con- firmed by experience that: 1. Alcohol, cocaine, opium, and intoxicating drugs (such as bhang, ganja, and charas) are poisons.

2. Even a moderate use of these is harmful, especially in tropical countries like India. They are of no avail per- manently to relieve physical and mental strain.

3. Those who confine themselves to non-alcoholic drinks and who avoid the use of intoxicating drugs are capable of more endurance, and are better able to resist infection and . disease. 4. Alcohol is in many cases injurious to the next generation, especially through its favoring influence upon venereal disease. 5. Alcohol aggravates the evils of famine. 6. Alcohol is useless as a preventive of plague. 7. Alcohol lowers the resisting power of the body against the parasites of malaria and the microbes of tuberculosis. 8. All that has been said applies with equal force to opium and intoxicating drugs. 9. We therefore appeal to the people of India to maintain and extend the practice of total abstinence as enjoined upon them by their religious and social obligations.

",..0V7.h'>I ,r •• TO AJ.EAS AltD A..'ROXUiilAn

POPULATION OF (;ACK OF MEXICO Showinf Division of R.sponsibility fot' o.:CIlpanon of Territory a."

Missionary Soei.ti.. as Afreed Upon at the Ccmf……. of Christian Work…. City of M.xico. F.bruary lS-21. 19111 The program of co-operation adopted includei-.

A University in the Ctty of Mexico. A Hospital In the City of Mexico. Elil:ht Agricultural Schoofs in as many different centel's of the Republic; A Schoo' of Mechankal Arts in each important center. Normal Schools in such districts as do not ~t possess them, and the suenllf1enitlc of those already existing; Devetopment of the Union Theotogical Seminary .Iready existing in Mexico City; A Community Center Of Institutional Church in each important center in the Reputltic: A Union Publishin, House, Union Pa~. and Book Store, in City of Mexico; A Campa~an to popularize Medical KnowIedp; Definite dtvi$ion of territorial responsibility so as to .void overlappini or duplicati.m of effort.

o MILES o

Advanced Program for

BY REV. SAMUEL GUY INMAN, NEW YORK Secretary of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America WHAT is our duty toward Mexico now that the European War is oved Many are saying that it is armed interven- tion. A leading magazine heads an editorial: "The Time to Stop a War is Before it Begins. "-and goes on to say: "Our war with Germany is over. For a while at least most of humanity has ceased its ghastly self-slaughter, and men's hearts and minds are filled with hopes and plans for a better and an ordered world. We have entered upon a breathing space during which, if public opinion will but steady itself, inform itself, and concern itself with realities instead of with chimeras, we may actually stop the next war before it begins.

"The next war! How can there be a next wad We have just won the war that was to end war. The Kaiser languishes in exile. Prussian militarism is overthrown. Whom then must we fight and what are we to fight about?

"With a full realization of the seriousness of what we are saying, our blunt answer to the first question is Mexico, and to the second American Investments."

The American missionaries in Mexico believe that they have a duty to lead the American people in a program away from armed intervention and toward both the development of friendly relations between the two countries and to helping the Mexicans toward the solution of their problems. This article ontlines the plan which the missionary forces propose. This plan is not hastily made. It represents an intense stndy of the subject for more than four years by a company of people who more than any other group of foreigners have become identified with the Mexicans and enjoy their confidence. Indeed many Mexicans have taken part in making the program and President Carranza and other leaders have heartily endorsed it.

Readers of the REVIEW will remember that in June, 1914, many missionaries to Mexico finding themselves in the United States on account of political disturbances in that country, held a conference of representatives of interested Boards in Cincinnati, and studied the whole Mexican situation. Advanced ground was taken in matters of comity and union among the various communions and a challenging program was outlined. Under the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America, which acts as a Board of Strategy for the twenty-eight missionary societies working in Latin America, this program has been presented to the various Boards, was altered, 431

worked over, and enlarged. Finally, nine out of eleven societies at work in Mexico agreed to send delegates to a Oonference in Mexico Oity, February 15 to 21, to decide on the final details of what is probably the most comprehensive cooperative effort to help a neigh. boring country that has ever been undertaken by the Ohristian Ohurch.

THE READJUSTMENT OF TERRITORY This program involves, in the first place, an entire read· justment of the territory occupied by the different societies, in or- der to do away with overlapping and duplication of work.' The first American missionaries went into Mexico in the early seventies. As others followed they naturally settled in the most acce&sible places, with no concerted plan. So when a survey was made in 1914, much overlapping of effort was found. For instance, in a city of 35,000 inhabitants there were three strong normal schools for girls, supported by as many Boards, with six American mis- sionary residents, while another whole state with a million people . had not one evangelical worker. ,Most of those at the conference recognized, as soon as the facts became known, that the fO,rces should be redistributed so as to give all parts of the country equal service. But how was it possible to leave fields occupied for nearly half a century, to sell property, and to abandon constituencies' If the Boards agreed, how could denominational machinery be ad- justed, and how could we persuade donors of memorial buildings, and other interests to consent? It is too long a story, but the fact is that the need of the people has overcome the difficulties, so that the readjustment of territory has taken place. Two Boards, that of the Disciples and the Southern Presbyterians, have abandoned all the territory they had and have transferred their work to an entirely new part of the country, thus compelling their constituency in the United States to learn even a new geography. Practically all the other Boards have made sacrifices in order that all- the country might be occupied. As a result today, each of the co- operating societies know just how much territory it has to occupy, just how many schools, institutions, hospitals, and workers it must provide, and best of all provision is made for -every corner of the Republic to hear the Gospel message. The following description of the distribution of primary responsibility as now accepted by all the Boards concerned, for brevity's sake, does not include extra state boundaries, where more than one Board occupies the same state."

Congregationalists are primarily responsible for the states of Sonora, Sinaloa, Nayarit and Colima.

* The Northern and Southern Baptists and the Protestant Episcopal Church have not entered into the arrangement.

AN ADVANCED PROGRAM FOR MEXICO

Methodists South, the states of Chihuahua, Durango, Coahuila and Nuevo Leon.

Friends, the state of Tamaulipas.. Associate Reformed Presbyterians, parts of the states of Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi and Vera Cruz. Disciples of Christ, the states of San Luis Potosi, Zacatecas and Aguascalientes. Presbyterians, North, the states of Yucatan, Campeche, Tabasco, Chiapas and Oaxaca, Vera Cruz and territory of Quintana Roo. Presbyterian, South, the states of Michoacan and Guerrero and part of Morelos. Methodist Episcopal, the states of Guanajuato, Queretaro, Hidalgo, Puebla, Tlaxcala, and parts of Mexico and Morelos. The Federal District with the capital, Mexico City is common territory.

This adjustment of territorial responsibility has been approved, and will have been largely carried out by the time this is in print. Some Boards have been working in this new territory for consider" able time, having begun to reshape their program immediately following the Cincinnati Conference. The cooperating Boards are showing the finest spirit of unselfishness in exchanging property, and local churches are getting together in a new way. In some towns there is a uniting of two or three former denominational churches into one "Iglesia Evangelica" and properties thus freed are turned into Community Centers. Mission Boards have made it clear to the Mexican churches that no authority was assumed over them to "turn them over" to other communions, but that naturally they would be glad if there could be a clos~r union of the churches, even as the missionary Boards were learning to cooperate more closely. The new move- ment is thus able to strengthen the churches by throwing them more on their own resources for the- work of self-propagation, and by having the Foreign Mission Boards assume the distinctively edu- cational part of the program. Another distinctive advantage in knowing just how much terri- tory for which a communion is responsible is that it can figure just how many schools, hospitals, churches, teachers, ministers, etc., it needs to do its job adequately. Curiously enough, each Mission Board that has its territory delimited is now realizing the need of putting much larger forces in the field than it ever did when it vaguely considered all Mexic., as its field. The Northern Presbyterian Board, that before carried on work all the way from Torreon to Yucatan, with a staff of about thirty foreign workers, since it has accepted the entire responsibility for a limited area, and made a careful survey of the needs of the reduced field, is now planning for a force of eighty-seven foreign workers, one hundred and twenty Mexican workers, and the expenditure of $1,500,000 for educational equipment in the next ten years. The Southern Methodist Board reports that si.nce taking over the property of the Congregationalists in the city of Chihua-

hua. it finds itself with the most complete mission station there that it has anywhere in the world, with a wonderful opportunity and responsibility for leadership in educational and philanthropic work in a great center.

Monterey illustrates a somewhat different situation, as there were more complications there. There were four strong Boards supporting work, the Southern Methodists, the Northern Presbyterians, the Disciples of Christ and Northern Baptists. The Presbyterian and Disciple Boards are to withdraw from Monterey. The two congregations, however, which are old institutions, with a well-developed membership, have decided to maintain independent life. Since the withdrawal of the Board's support, the Presbyterian Church has maintained itself, paid its pastor, and seems to be taking on new life. The Disciples Church, composed of some of the oldest Protestant families in Mexico, believes that it should continue its corporate life and do its part in the evangelization of the city. Yet both of these churches say that they appreciate the action of their missions in entering the cooperative movement, that it is best for the whole country, and that they will in every way cooperate with the Christian force left in Monterey. It has taken some time to bring about the feeling on the part of these congregations that the Boards are doing the right thing; and one cannot help but sympathize with them in hesitating to change over in a body immediately to another denomination merely at the snggestion of foreigners. There would seem to be little doubt that the problem will be worked out, and there will develop a very close cooperation, if not a union, between the Methodist, Disciple and Presbyterian congregations.

A great gain has already been made in the fact that these two churches have become self-supporting. It may yet prove that one of the best results from this exchange of territory will be the development of a large nnmber of self-supporting churches. Monterey, a city of 80,000 people, needs four or more evangelical churches, if they are all cooperating with one another and doing work in different parts of the city. No doubt the Mexicans will find it easier to forget the denominational distinctions taught them by the Americans after they are placed upon their own responsibility.

As to the Northern Baptists, they are cooperating with the Southern Baptists rather than with the other eight Boards,. This will mean that in practically all the large cities of Mexico there will be one of these cooperating Boards with either a Northern or Southern Baptist work. It is hoped, however, that there will develop in each of these centers a close cooperation between the two bodies, especially since the Northern Baptists have already approved many of the general plans for cooperation.

AN ADVANCED PROGRAM FOR MEXICO

One's heart leaps with enthusiasm as he contemplates the wonderful opportunity a single missionary society has with such a magnificent property as the Southern Methodists will control in Monterey after they have taken over that of the Disciples. Beginning at the Lawrence Institute, with three buildings and a block of ground, one will find a magnificent boys' school. Just a block away is a missionary residence,and a half block of ground which will be taken over by the Methodists, and two blocks further the magnificent building of the Christian Institute, where the Methodists will start a girls' school. A little distance from here is the hospital which the Methodists conducted with such splendid results for many years, and which will be reopened soon. Further on down toward the center of the town is found the large Methodist church. Mter taking over the Disciples' property there will be five large pieces of ground, with eight buildings; one church, three large school buildings, one hospital and three residences. Even without being on the ground one can easily imagine how, with the proper force of workers all united under one Board, with one common policy, a great compelling program may be developed which will dominate the city.

The Board that takes under its control such a large amount of property, with so many different kinds of work, must look at the problem in a very large way. Opportunities will be equalled only by responsibilities. The old, narrow programs, with few workers and limited budgets, must be replaced by an inclusive program that will serve the social, physical, educational and spiritual needs of a community, with workers who are specially trained for each department of service. The educational program, for example, should be directed by a man who i& thoroughly prepared in educational administration, and who understands not simply how to teach a few classes, but who knows the problems involved in the education of a whole people. Likewise the men who direct the evangelistic program should be of brf)ad spirit, understanding how closely the spiritual development of a backward people like the Mexicans is tied up with the economic and political problems which confront them. The force should certainly include those who are specially prepared to direct various kinds of social service and community work. After eight years of almost constant revolution it is clearer than ever that those who will do the most for Mexico must help in every department of life, and that our mission work will be of little avail unless we appreciate the problem from this viewpoint.

The city of San Luis Potosi is another good illustration of how the new plan will work. The evangelical forces consisted of the Southern Methodists, the Northern Presbyterians and the Baptists. The Presbyterians and the Baptists have had only evangelistic

work. Both own their Mission buildings. The Methodists have a beautiful church building. On one side is a residence capable of housing at least three families; on the other side is a building formerly used as a school for boys. A half block away is a large building that was used formerly as a school for girls. There hayo been no American missionaries in San Luis Potosi for four or five years, but Mexican pastors have kept up the church work. For some time the Presbyterians and Methodists, whose churches are only a block apart, have been considering the new program proposed by the Mission Boards, and each of these congregations has decided to cooperate completely in the new evangelical organization which may be developed out of these changes. It would not seem difficult to have these two churches combine. They might then become self-supporting.

The Disciples of Christ are to occupy tbis field in exchange with the Methodists, and the Presbyterians are to withdraw. The idea of the Disciple leaders seems to be that they would come in to do the educational and institutional work necessary in the city and to help, as might seem best, in the development of the local church. There is no intention to invade any of the rights of the individuals or congregations, but to cooperate with them iu the development of a strong church, known simply as the "Evangelical Church." The Baptist pastor brought his congregation to a union service which was held in the Methodist church on a recent Sunday rught, and expressed himself as desirous of cooperating in various ways.

THE PROGRAM IN SAN LUIS POTOSI . A general outline of the proposed new program is as follows: the Evangelical Church, which would draw all of the elements possible from the various sources, will meet in the beautiful Methodist church building. The large property formerly a girls' school will be used as an institute along the lines already worked out by the Disciples in their "People's Institutes" in Piedras Negras and San Antonio, Texas, with night classes, lectures on many themes, that would interest and educate the people, reading room, circulating library, gymnasium, classes in carpentry, shoemaking and other mechanical arts, with a kindergarten and primary school during the day. The Presbyterian church building, which faces a prominent plaza, will be used as a center for the poor people, who are in such dire need. The rear room will be dedicated to a clinic, the upstairs to a distributing center for second-hand clothing, the auditorium to evangelistic meetings for those who attend the clinic during the day, and at night for showing educational films and giving lectures on hygiene and teaching adults how to read and write. There seems to be no limit to the opportunities for such service in this city, where the poor people have crowded in from the

AN ADVANCED PROGRAM FOR MEXICO

surrounding country, hundreds of them sleeping in the doorways at night and walking the streets by day seeking for some little work to do or begging for enough to keep body and soul together.

The delimitation of territorial responsibility is, however, only a small part of the program which embraces three phases of work: (1) that done by each individual communion in its own territory; (2) that done in its own territory in accordance with a general co- ordinated plan; and (3) that done in entirely union institutions.

As to the first phase, the representatives of each commuuion visited their work and developed a program for their field before meeting in the conference at Mexico City. This means that each one of the eight Boards has now a carefully worked out program for its field, which includes the number of workers needed and the number of institutions to be established within a certain period, generally ten years.

The second and third phases of the program (coordinated and union work,) are clearly outlined. One of the most important divisions is that which calls for each of the eight Boards to develop an Agricultural and Mechanical college, specializing along the lines suited to the part of the country for which it is responsible. These schools will, therefore, be strategically located from Tamaulipas, Durango and Sinaloa on the North, down through the central states of Aguascalientes and Mexico to Michoacan and Yucatan in the south. While each of these will be supported by an individual Board, there will be a general secretary of agricultural education who will study the whole problem and coordinate these various schools in their endeavor to cooperate with the Government and the people in the solution of the land problem. The eight normal schools already conducted by the missions will be enlarged and several other schools of this class opened in order that every section of the country will have a center where both men and women may be trained as teachers. In the past the mission normal schools have furnished a large pel' cent of the teachers for the public schools in Mexico.

Then there is to be opened in each state capital and other centers of importance in the whole republic, a trade school which will be adapted to the industrial life and problems of each individual community. It has been decided also that a community center shall be opened in each of the cities and towns of importance in the republic. There will be a forum for the discussion of community problems, reading room and circulating library, night classes, lectUr£ison subjects of public interest, clinics and other means of service.

The Committee on Cooperation in Mexico, which is the official representative of these various Boards, will have a secretary who will give his time to the coordinating of these various united ef-

forts. A Board of Evangelical Education hali been formed, which will also have a secretary whose business it will be to travel among the schools, suggest improvements in their curricula, coordinate their work, both among themselves and with the government schools, organize teachers' institutes and in every way develop the efficiency of the educational institutions.

Two years ago a Union Theological Seminary was organized in the City of Mexico, with eight Boards cooperating. It has been most successful in its work. Plans are now made for the larger development of this institution so that it may meet the great demands for M[.'xican Christian leadership. Nine Boards have united in the development of one evangelical publishing house with headquarters in Mexico City.. The various printing plants of individual Boards have just been consolidated. A union paper for all of the churches will appear about July 1st, and a bookstore and depository is now being organized. A union hospital is planned for Mexico City.

The conference also worked on the problem of a university in the City of Mexico which should represent the best combination of both North American and Mexican educational ideals. It was decided that this institution would do a wider service if it were not connected with any ecclesiastical organization. It is intended that it should be a Christian institution, laying emphasis upon both the moral and practical sides of education.

This far-reaching program was submitted to President Carranza by a delegation from the conference and was heartily approved by him. In the conference itself were a number of Mexicans who have prominent positions in the educational and political life of Mexico at the present time. In fact it is most surprising to find the preponderant number of men in the present Mexican government who are connected with the Protestant Church, either by having been educated in mission schools or who have been ministers of Protestant churches. The Director of the National Preparatory School is a Presbyterian elder. The Secretary of the National University is a former Protestant minister. The Director of Secondary Instruction for the :F'ederal District is the son of a Protestant minister. Several governors of states are Protestants, as are countless directors and teachers in public schools.

It might be well to add here that President Carranza has recently initiated reforms in the constitution of Mexico, to change those articles which· prohibit religious corporations from conducting primary schools, and foreigners from exercising the rights of the ministry in Mexico. The American Mission Boards therefore feel that they can count upon the enthusiastic support of the Mexican people in the development of this large, inclusive program.

Effects of the War on

BY REV. JAMES DEXTER TAYLOR. D. D.

Missionary of the American Board in South Africa T WENTY years ago the Boer War in South Africa ab- sorbed the attention of the world and held the front page of the newspapers for three years. From 1914 almost to the present there has been going on in Africa a war, which, for extent of territory involved, number of men engaged, loss of life, and especially for its effect on international relationships, dwarfs the Boer War into insignificance and yet it has had for the most part only an occasional paragraph in the newspaper~.

It is interesting to trace the relation of Africa, remote as it seems to the every day life of the average American, to the World War and to world peace. In Africa the old style of international politics has been supremely exemplified, the race for territory, the clash of territorial and political ambitions, the secret treaty and the trading of interests. For many years before the war broke out Africa had been, equally with the Balkans, the powder magazine of the world. On more than one occasion war clouds have hung over Europe because of what the agents of European governments were doing in Africa. There the Germany which entered with uncertain and reluctant step on a policy of expansion in 1885 had, by the time when her military successes seemed about to promise success to her ambition for world power, remapped Mrica, laying out for herself a "Mittel Afrika" empire which was to be the foundation of her "Mittel Europa" empire, supplying the raw materials without which the latter could not exist, and diverting the attention of her greatest potential opponent, Great Britain. There the two· great democracies of Europe, adjusting their long antagonistic interests, formed by the treaty of 1904 the basis of the Entente Cordiale which settled the alignment of Europe's great democracies against her great autocracies in the world war. There, at Tangier, at Algeciras, and at Agadir were heard the first rumblings of the war that was so near. Moreover, Mrica might well have caused the Allies to lose the war. Had Egypt and the other Mohammedan countries on the north been drawn by the wiles of Germany into the "Holy War" proclaimed by her unholy ally, or had the mass of the Dutch population of South Africa been deceived by the same clever propaganda into rebellion against Great Britain, there would have been a different story to tell on the western front. Mrica will put to the test the unselfishness and idealism of the Allied 439

Nations at the peace table, for there are the possible spoils of war, but there also is the great opportunity for an experiment in international government. Surely the interests of Africa are the interests of Christendom, and we cannot afford to be indifferent as to what becomes either of Africa's territory or Mrica's people. We are not here mainly concerned with political considerations, but with those which bear upon the progress of the Kingdom of God in Mrica.

Let us first review what the war has meant to the African and to the missionary work in Africa. The former German territories in Africa, which have been conquered by three ycar~ of hard campaigns and severe fighting, are in area five times the size of Germany in Europe. Their population, estimated· by some writers as high as 13,000,000, has been under the arbitrary, militaristic rule of the power which knew no scruples that might prevent the attainment of its ends. Even before the war its population had been reduced by cruelties, private and official, to an alarming extent. Slavery still existed, so that 185,000 slaves to be freed is one of the legacies left in East Africa.

It is said that about 200,000 lives were lost in the Kamerun campaign alone; native communities were scattered, never to be reunited, thousands of natives were driven from their homes by war or drawn from their homes for service with the forces. Twenty thousand Bantu from South Africa served as drivers with the forces in East Africa, besides an equal number who saw service in labor battalions in France. About 167,000 natives from Nyasaland, Uganda and Rhodesia served as carrier corps. Native troops from Nigeria and Sierra Leone took part in the actual fighting in East Africa. Native levies were, drawn from the territory of every allied power in Africa, which means every province of the great continent. It is not too much to say that the great continent, accustomed to be called the "Dark Continent," still almost as much a terra inoognita to most Americans as before the explorations of Livingstone and Stanley, has felt throughout its mass and amongst its millions of backward peoples the upheaval and distress that has come to so large a portion of the world during the Great War.

Perhaps, to a degree beyond our knowledge, there has been felt throughout the length and breadth of Africa the throb of the same great hopes that the war has brought to other peoples. We do not say that the full meaning of democracy has penetrated to the mind of the pagan African, nor that he knows and sympathizes with the ideals of a League of Nations, but he is shaken out of his old pagan inertia, he has uew and

SOME EFFECTS OF THE WAR ON AFRICA

. WHA'I' SHAI,I, BE HIS PLACE IN 'l'HE NEW DEMOCRACY?

larger ideas of the rest of the world, and his ambitions arl3 awakened as never before. There is therefore created a new psychological atmosphere for missionary work, an atmosphere at once full of hope and full of danger; hope in the arousing of ambition, the broadening of horizons, the attaining even to a small degree of a world point of view, the inevitable result of which will be a turning toward the education which he recog-

nizes as the basis of the white man's power. The point where that education is most accessible to him, in most cases the only point where it is obtainable, is the Mission Station. Mass movements, already a marked feature in many parts of the continent, for example, in Nigeria, Kamerun, Uganda and Livingstonia, will probably become more general. A sense of helplessness in the new conditions, as well as ambition for the white man's education, will drive the natives to the missionary as their nearest and most trusted friend.

The danger in the situation lies in the fact that there will be more or less blind reactions to poorly understood influences. The heathen prophet will find good soil for his dangerous· sowing, as he does in every great crisis. Already in South Africa the native is learning to use the dangerous weapons of democracy. Strikes are becoming common. Those nearest the life of the native feel that he is in a turmoil of unrest. Hard times, the pressure of discriminating legislation and the tension of racial adjustments are producing a mental attitude in the native dangerous to himself and dangerous to the State. Even the Church is feeling the tension. Ethiopianism, the policy of no white control in the native church, is reviving after a somewhat quiescent period.

Truly it is a time for great activity and great prayer on the part of the Christian forces. The native is learning to use the dangerous weapons of democracy, the strike, passive resistance, political agitation. It is for us to furnish him with its useful tools, an understanding of Christian ideals and ethics, an education in industry; we must provide social outlets and opportunities; we must direct the growing sense of racial solidarity; we must labor to secure for the native rights and opportunities, fair land tenure and a share in the privileges as well as in the responsibilities of civilization. The war has intensified the conditions which the· white man's civilization was already bringing to Africa. It has also vastly enlarged and intensified the missionary opportunity and responsibility.

. The war has to an appreciable extent crippled the missionary forces which were already inadequate to the great task. The great German missionary organizations in Africa have for the most part been put out of business by the war, except in South Africa where they have been able to continue on a limited basis.. A~ the conquest of the territory has proceeded, the stations have gradually been reopened and Christian communities collected and reorganized, but under British and American societies which have had to stretch their Blender resources of men and m(lney to take on the new responsibilities. The closing out of

SOME EFFECTS OF THE WAR ON AFRICA

the German societies has removed several hundreds of mISSIOn- aries, together with their support.

The necessity for the snbstitution of the French for the Ger- man langnage in the schools of those areas of Togoland and Kamerun under French control has brought a further strain upon the missions in those areas. A complete and sudden adjustment to new language and new laws cannot be made without serious strain on organizations always undermanned for the size of the . task.

A still further crippling of the missionary force has been by the drawing away of large numbers of missionaries into military service. Some have been combatants, as in the case of the French; others have been chaplains or officers in labor contillgents. Some have officered carrier corps. Medical missionaries have in many instances given either whole or part time to military service.

Building enterprises have been held up by the prohibitive cost of building materials. Missionaries have had to give an unusnal amount of time to the raising of local products to serve as substitutes for foreign necessities of life unobtainable owing to shipping conditions. Government grants for education have either stood stin or in many cases been decreased or withdrawn. Self-support has been made difficult in the native churches on account of eoonomic conditions.

Cooperative efforts have been handicapped. For example, the General Missionary Conference of South Africa which should have met in 1916 has not met since 1912. Preoccupation with war interests, the financial stress, the impossibility of securing cooperation with German missionary forces, formerly a factor in the Conference, all have operated against such important co- operative enterprises. Mohammedanism has undoubtedly suffered less and bene- fited more by the war than Christianity. Upon Christianity, the gospel of peace on earth, rests the burden of acoounting to the native for the war among Christian nations. Mohammedan priests have been chaplains of pagan African battalions in the Sudan. Mohammedan soldiers have gained new prestige in many fields. The Christian propaganda centers' in mission stations and schools, which have in many instances been closed or scattered diH- ing the war. The Mohammedan propaganda· centers in the mobile trader who can quickly resume his travels on the caravan routes. Mohammedanism, broken as a political power, is perhaps more alive than ever as a religious power and is pressing southward to the very borders of civilized Africa.

LESSONS FOR THE RECONSTRUCTION 1. The African, not only in the conquered German colonies,

JOHA NNESBURG MIN E WORKERS-FOR GOD OR FOR THE DEVIL but in all of Africa, must get a square deal. He has had his share in the sufferings of the war. He must share in the privileges of life, liberty and self-government which the war has bought. His present capacity to enjoy the full benefits of democracy is limited, but to the limits of his capacity he should benefit by the new conditions. There is something pathetic and one may hope prophetic in the fact of thousands of Africans; the hewers of wood and drawers of water of the world, the nation without a nationality, fighting for the cause of world democracy, or laboring that an equal number of white meu might fight. It is a saf.e guess that the number of native Africans who have contributed to the Allied man-power will run well toward half a million. They have given their lives for the cause. Not only must the millions who have been freed from Germany's oppressive rule not be placed again under such control, but the League of Nations should see to it that throughout the continent the African secures equitable possession of land, self-government to the limit of his capacity and protection from exploitation by the white race. It must be secured alSi() that governments shall give the freest opportunity and the most cordial cooperation to the missionary forces which are laboring for the uplift of the African. The Portuguese and French colonial governments have been and are antagonistic to missionary effort in some of the areas under their control. .

We do not ask that African populations living in primitive tribal conditions, and still in the grip of fetishism shall be asked to decide by ballot what European nation, if any, they would choose

SOME EFFECTS OF THE WAR ON AFRICA

CHRISTIAN PREACHERS IN TRAINING AT UNION THEOLOGICAL COLLEGE. NATAL to rule over them, nor that the conquered territories be handed over to the rule of native chiefs, but we do insist that in all territories there shall be recognition of native rights and provision for native development, not according to the standards that the economic or political interests of the rulers may make expedient, but according to the standard that shall satisfy the conscience of the Christian world. Whether this international responsibility shall be exercised through the international commission government proposed by the British labor party for all of Africa between the Sahara and the Zambesi is a question of practical politics; the maintenance of the principle is an obligation of Christian statesmanship.

2. The native church has shown itself in the trying circumstances of the war to have the faith and the staying qualities that prove its capacity for a large place in the reconstruction plans of the missionary enterprise. In German East Africa Christian communities, of British origin, passed through· severe persecution wi.thout flinching. In Kamerun, where there was so much of suffering, the progress of the Church toward self-support was not stayed and its magnificent evangelistic enterprise continued unhindered. in Uganda the Church has seized eagerly upon the missionary op- . portunity that the war has opened of carrying the gospel to other

tribes. E:verywhete the native Christian has made good. As a steadying influence in the overseas labor corps, in the Christian carrier corps, in East Africa, and as a medical unit in the same campaign the native Christian has won high praise. Unquestion- ably the native church is a steadying influence amidst the social turmoil in South Africa.

The inference is that much is to be hoped from the de- velopment of the· native church into full self-support, self-con- trol and self-propagation; and the greater also is the emphasis upon the necessity for the training of a strong native leader- ship in the pastorate, the teaching profession and the trades.

3. The end of the Great War is the psychological moment for the intensifying of the war against the great remaining . atrocity in Africa, the liquor traffic. The liquor interests of South Africa have selected th~ most critical moment in the history of the South African native to launch a campaign to break down the prohibitive laws in the mining areas by opening can- teens for the sale of Cape wines and beer to natives. No timE' will be lost by the trade in recovering lost ground in Nigeria and else- where on the west coast,where war conditions have t.emporarily suspended the importation of liquor. The war has proven more conclusively than ·ever that the traffic is a cancer in the life of nations. The moment of peace is the moment for the temperance forces of America to back the missionary forces in Africa in a great campaign for the abolition of the liquor traffic throughout the continent.

4. All that has been said puts new emphasis upon the neces- sity for co-ordinating the missionary forces on the field. Kikuyu has sounded the trumpet of advance in its declaration of purpose not to rest till all the societies in that area shall share one church and one ministry. The German societies must be welcomed back to their share in the common enterprise of the Church. Denomi- national lines must fade, national churches from abroad must take on more truly African character, there must be greater recogni- tion of the essential oneness of all churches in Christ; there must be a re-survey and a more definite attempt than has yet been made to avoid overlapping in the more settled portions of the continent j there must be unity of effort in great social service and educa- tional programs that the resources of the Kingdom may not be squandered and that the greatest opportunity Africa has ever pre- sented may not be wasted.

Altogether the tasks that face the Church in Africa after the war are such as emphasize the duty of the American Church to keep Africa very much to the front in its prayers and its giving at this critical time.

Church and the Industrial Situation*

BY THE REV CHARLES A. BROOKS, Do Do, NEW YORK Secretary of the American Baptist Home Mission Society T HERE is a striking and significant coincidence in the way the united missionary education program fits in with the re- cent rapid development of interest and importance of the situation as concerns the world's industrial workers.

The united home and foreign mission topic agreed upon a year ago, "Christianity and the World's Workers," recognizes the fact that the issues involved are not sectional or national but universal j that they are not remotely "foreign" or too inconveniently "home" to be interesting. This is a happy assurance that there is no real rivalry or competition or division of interest between" home" and "foreign" missions. Even more full of promise, is the recognition that the subject itself is missionary, inviting the challenge of adventure for God and humanity, the conflict of long esfablished wrongs with divine truth and light and love and 0 the dawning kingdom of Brotherhood and Peace.

The working men and women the world over, the common people whom God must love, according to Lincoln, have become intensely conscious of themselves as a class, and the necessities of the war have made them aware of the dependence of the world upon them and their co-operation. They have alarmed the more conservative elements by their ins~stence upon immediate satisfaction of their claims, reasonable or unreasonable. The highest wages ever paid have not proven sufficient to keep many groups of labor active and productive even though any slacking of their effort imperiled the cause of world freedom in which they had as much at stake as anyone. Then the debacle in Russia, the 80ciaJist opposition to the program of America in the war and the proven disloyalty of the 1. W. W. has roused bitte'r resentment and deep suspicion in the minds of conservative people that the class struggle is brutally and blindly selfish, and is a menace which must be put down at all costs.

But these facts do not tell the whole story nor do they finally dispose of the matter. Weare not to be done with this struggle until the moral leadership of the world courageously finds the way to permanent and just industrial peace.

America in 1800 was largely a rural nation. In that day eightyeight per cent of the people lived in the country and cultivated the soil. Today only twenty-four per cent are farmers. There are seventeen great cities, each of which is larger than anyone of our ten smallest states. In 1910, 13 cities had an aggregate population *This article was written before the Armistice was signed.-EDlTOR.

447

of 17,000,000 lJ,nd employed in great industrial concerns more than 2,500,000 workers. The annual output of those concerns accord- ing to the government report was valued at $7,500,000,000. The mining and lumbering industries, with transportation, represent vast investments of capital and employ many thousands who live under conditions far less favorable to the general welfare than many of the cities and larger towns offer. The entrance on a large scale of women into industry and the great army of the foreign born present their own peculiar problems. The presence of chil- dren in the struggle for daily bread is a dark blot upon our civi- lization. Professor Fairchild of Yale well reminds us that our knowledge of how to produce satisfactory social conditions has not kept pace with our knowledge of how to produce wealth.

When the war began, America underwent very radical in- dustrial changes. The future significance of many of these changes and the establishment of many precedents, only an inspired prophet would attempt to foretell.

The tremendous industrial expansion which followed the un- precedented demand for war materials has revolutionized many communities and created outright many more. The Government established numerous centers under the Ordnance Bureau of the War Department for the production of chemicals, the loading of shells, etc. with populations varying from 1,000 to 25,000; built the houses and schools, the sanitary equipment and established a City Manager form of government. Old established industrial centers such as Newark, N. J., Bridgeport, Conn., Akron and Youngstown, Ohio, Bethlehem, Pa., Camden, N. J., Chester, Pa., etc., experienced an almost inconceivable growth in populatiQn·. The Delaware River Basin has become one of the busiest industrial areas of its extent on the globe. It is a conservative estimate that over 90,000 new population, including many foreigners and negroes, moved into the region. It is impossible even to estimate with any fair degree of accuracy how many people have been affected by these new conditions the country over. Some of these industries very naturally have now experi~nced a reaction but many others are not so much affected. Shipbuilding must go on for many years, the great chemical expansion begun under the pressure of the war will not be allowed to lapse. Many of. these communities will have a great industrial future.

The migration of negroes from the Southern States to North- ern industrial centers has in it great possibilities for good or ill. The railroads have been pioneers in importing negro labor to re- place the returned immigrants called home to take their part in the war. Not less than 750,000 negroes have crossed the Mason . and Dixon line to find a place in our Northern cities. Perhaps no single section has felt this more than Ohio, Indiana and Michigan.

THE CHURCH AND THE INDUSTRIAL SITUATION

A recent survey conducted under the auspices of the Home' Missions Council indicates conservatively that J30,000 new negro population has settled in these States. They naturally are oblige,d to live in the most undesirable quarters. They have been met by a hostile attitude on the part of many workers. The fearful outbreak in East St. Louis is an indication of the social and industrial upheaval, fortunately less serious in other sections than on the border. The higher wages and generally better conditions than most enjoyed in the South makes it apparent that in all probability these people will remain permanent residents in the North. These recent developments add a new importance and urgency to the industrial situation.

THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE CHURCH No argument is needed to prove that the Christian Church in America is still too much of a negligible factor in the industrial world. It has little influence upon the masses of workmen and is either openly denounced or completely ignored. It is generally suspected of being partisan in its attitude and of representing the conservative element of society.

Without attempting any discussion of this very important problem may I suggest some ways in which the Church should reclaim her rightful leadership and influence.

1. The leaders of Christian thought and activity, pastors, laymen, secretaries and editors m?tst recognize the existence of a crucial opportunity in the period of reconstruction. It will not ' do to fall back upon our own formulas, strafe the Socialists, the Industrial Workers of the World and the Bolsheviki and take anattitude of hostility toward the labor leaders who in. many instances have merited criticism. We must' give ourselves to an earnest and open minded study of the issues involved and have an intelligent grasp of the situation. To-day Socialism seems to offer many earnest men the only medium of expression or outlet of their social passion. But there are thousands of men equally earnest and devoted to the cause of human welfare who cannot accept the doctrine of Socialism, and yet must line up with some constructive force which will not compromise with injustice nor tolerate human exploitation. The Christian Church can have these men and women any time she makes it evident that she stands foursquare and uncompromisingly for the supremacy of human rights in the name of her Lord. If the Church cannot lead these socially minded men and women, she will be thrust toone side, for God is mar<}hing on.

2. The Church must show its spiritual vitality and loyalty to the Spirit and mind of Christ by its passion for human welfare. Only a spiritually dead church can be indifferent to human need or

suffering. The great spiritual awakenings 'Of the Church have been fQllQwed by great refQrms. The revival which aWQke England under the ministry 'Of Wesley and Whitefield arQused England tQ realize the social wrQngs 'Of that day.

The Snnday schQols established by RQbert Raikes 'Of GlQucester were the beginnings 'Of a PQPuiar educatiQn. By writings and by her 'Own persQnal example Hannah MQre drew the sympathy of England tQ the PQverty and crime 'Of the agricultural laborer. The passiQnate impulse 'Of human sympathy with the wronged and afflicted raised hospitals, endowed charities, built churches, sent missiQnaries tQ the heathen, supPQrted Burke in his plea fQr the Hindu and Clarkson and Wilberforce in their crusade against the iniquity 'Of the slave trade. John Howard drew his inspiratiQn fQr prisQn ~efQrm frQm the same fountain head of spiritual plOwers newly 'Opened fQr the healing of the nations.

There can be nQ such thing as devDtion tQ Jesus Christ which dDes nQt carry with it lQve fDr men, especially fQr the fQlk whQ need it most. In fact our Lord said that the only assurance 'Of our devQtiQn He wDuld accept as valid is what we do for thDse whQm He lQves.

3. The Church must democratize its service and its fellowship. The Church was meant tQ be a kind of wQrking model Df the Kingdom 'Of GQd, an ideal society. There can be no such thing as a class cDnsciQusness in a truly Ohristian Ohurch. A "labQr" church is as much an anQmaly as a "capitalist" church. When Phillips BrQDks was tQ preach befDre Queen VictQria, SDme 'Of his English friends were anxiDus that he should appreciate the distinguished hDnDr and rather brDadly hinted this and asked what sermDn he had chQsen tQ preach. This great Christian replied, "I have but lOne sermDn." 'When asked tQ address a working man's meeting in Faneuil Hall he replied, "I dQn't knQw hQW tQ talk tQ wQrking men. " They were just men tQ him and he had the same message fDr them as fQr the men and WQmen 'Of the Back Bay. The wQrking men liked him the better fQr it and it was while serving as their chosen arbitratQr tQ settle a street car strike in BQston that he cQntracted the CQld which later caused his death.

Before DemQcracy was ever written intQ the cQnstitutiQn 'Of any natiQn it was written intQ the cQnstitutiQn 'Of the universe. DemQcracy is the Christian valuatiQn of human persDnality. Democracy should begin in the HQuse 'Of GQd.

A pastor in a Western city one day, as we were planning SQme cQmmunity service for an unchurched section of the city, tQld me Df a neighbDring pastQr who said when he had SQught tQ interest him in the prQject: "I am 'On a still hunt fQr substantial peDple." That undemQcratic and essentially un-Ohristian attitude has alienated many working people, and has actually turned many Df these

same "substautial people" from its doors. The Church can have the people any time it really wants them. But to want them, really and truly and deeply want them, is a spiritual achievement of a very high order.

4-The Church must proclaim with unmistakable clearness and unwaverin,q emphasis the stewardship of wealth and social position. The recent book by David McConaughy, "Money, the Acid Test," rightly makes ste,'ardship include not only the giving of money, .but the conscious and recognized obligation to society for the possession and use of every thing we possess. If we had been faithful a half a century ago in proclaiming the broad conception of stewardship we would have avoided many tragic mistakes and saved many wasted lives. This inability to recognize the application of Christian principles to business has been the root of untold injury to the cause of Christ. Whenever the Church will consider unsocial and dishonest stewardship as a ground for discipline and a basis for disfellowship it will have done much to regain the confidence of the man in the shop and the mine.

But in the light of the late crusade against world oppression and injustice, against exploitation and disregard of human rights, we have found our souls, we trust, and are ready to dare all things, make any sacrifice, endure any hardship in order that our dream of brotherhood and redemption may be realized. It is. this new temper of soul which should enable the Church to rise up and attempt the impossible.

A NEW MISSIONARY PROGRAM This attitude and spirit for which we have been pleading must of necessity be reflected in the missionary program of the churches.

I-There must be effective co-operative planning and execution. That was at once apparent in the new industrial centers developed under pressure of the war. It was this conviction that led to the organization of The Joint Committee of Sixteen to represent the War Time Commission of the Churches and the Home Missions Council. This Committee adopted a tentative budget, for the first year, of approximately $900,000, and plans to establish Community churches with an adequate staff of workers in the new permanent communities and is enlisting the support of the various Home Mission Boards to strengthen already existing churches in the older established communities which have been called upon to meet the emergency of this industrial expansioll.

This spirit is finely illustrated in the organization of "The Calumet Church and Missionary F€deration," which is really a missionary planning Board to study and provide for the needs of that rapidly developing industrial region contiguous to Chicago on the East. Christian unity to be of any value must be wrought

out as the unity of allied military action has been wroughtardluu out in France, under the pressure of a great common peril and challenge which makes the recognition of a common cause absolutely essentiai to victory. 'The great. masses of laboring men and women, the people of the great congested areas in our cities, neither know nor care about our historic or theological differences. What they will understand readily is incarnate love and friendliness which reveals and interprets the Saviour.

2-0ur missionary program mnst be a comprehensive community program projected not upon the basis of theories, but on the ground of meeting the needs of the community.

During the frightful suffering endured by the poor in New York City in the winter of 1917 to 1918 the churches endeavored to keep the buildings warmed and opened to the community. The children came from school and the mothers and babies from the tenements, to seek refuge. One of the missionary organizations, when the coal for the churches was exhausted, appealed in vain for more. Finally the head woman worker went in person to present the urgency of the situation. She at once met with the sharp reply that they were not furnishing coal for churches. Then pleading for two minutes' time she told the story of the heroic service they had been doing to meet the emergency. Before she had finished the coal administrator called on the telephone to a supply yard and the missionary heard one end of the conversation and her imagination supplied the other. "Send some coal to the Second Avenue Baptist church. Yes I know we are not supplying any coal to churches, but this isn't a church. They call it a church, but it isn't a church, it's a place where they take care of children and women with babies. Send them some coaL"

The missionary program which is to minister to the community where congestion and poverty abound, where life is barren of beauty and warmth, must provide for the whole life of the whole community. The foreign mission program has long ago recognized that obligation, but some way our conventional religious activities have not made room for a building which shall be a community center, with a day nursery, a dispensary, a laundry, recreational and educational equipment. But we see it now, and the great Home Mission Boards will never be content to confine their ministry to a program that calls for a twice a week opening of a meeting house.

There can be no substitute for personal religious experience. What we plead for is what John the Baptist came for, a preparation for the Lord, a prepared way, with rough places smoother, the crooked straightened, the low places filled up and the high places leveled, that the glory of the Lord may be revealed and all flesh see it together.

@ @ ~

. _ " BE S'TDD.M~UETJtHJO…"Dau.S"". . . ,,~O ,,"_ EDiTED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, NEW YORK CITY_ Working By Proxy METHODS OF HELPING OTHERS DO THEIR WORK Is it true that no one can do 'another's work? Perhaps so, but equally true is it that every one can help some one else to do his work better. Some of the most effective workers in the world to-day are effective because of the people who are helping them, while the greatest things accomplished by men and women are not always the things they actually do themselves but the things they make it possible for others to do.

WILLIAM CAREY did a work conserve valuable strength and mul- which reached to the ends of tiply efficiency.

the earth. A widow unknown to The American women who gave fame in whose home he began his Dr. Ida: Scudder an automobile lit- work helped to make possible a work erally made the strength of that which she could have in no wise done splendid worker in India as the herself. strength of ten, for doctor plus A woman who never set foot in an automobile can cover as much Africa made possible much of the ground and see as many patients as work done by David Livingstone by ten doctors minus an automobile.

handing him a cash gift as he was A missionary who has been in going out to his work. With this service for thirty-two years recently gift Livingstone employed the native wrote to a friend: "It would be so man who cared for him in many easy for some one to make possible ways, who conserved the strength of a longer period of efficiency for the his master by attending to details of older missionaries by a little thought- his work, and, who actually saved ful provision for aids in our work.

the life of that greatest of all mis- . We go through our first and second sionaries to the dark continent, in and perhaps our third decades with an encounter with a lion. enthusiasm and energy, struggling We are inclined to most extrava- with the ever unsolvable problem of gant economy in withholding the making two very inelastic ends meet equipment which would make the to cover the needs of the family.

work of missionaries and missionary We do it cheerfully and get so used leaders really effective. to it that stretching one dollar to the Extravagance garbed in the guise purchasing power of five, and making of economy is it which bids a mis- something out of nothing, grow to be sionary secretary save on clerical help in time almost second nature.

to the exhaustion of his own vitality, "But when we start in on our while truest economy is found in the fourth decade we face a very difficult expenditure of sufficient amounts to situation. By virtue of our thirty. or 453

more years' residence and work in Many people have given thought to our adopted land we are at last really increasing the efficiency of the young in a position to do many things we missionary, but here is suggested a have longed to do. Now we meet great opportunity of prolonging the evidences of a love and confidence, efficiency of workers, already trained gained only by long years of residence and acclimated, who have a hold on and work. Now come requests to the work and a position of influence take charge of many important ac- not to be had by any new comers to tivities and, after working for all the field, no matter how gifted and these years to reach this vantage energetic they may be.

ground, we have to fail to make the UNLISTED IN WHO'S· WHO most of it, because of physicallimitations. If an adequate means of Yet they have made some great traveling about the large city in work possible.

which our work may lie were pro- . During the days of the war it vided, we might be able to do some seemed that a missionary secretary, of these things we have longed to who was doing exceptionally fine do and now have the opportunity of work in rural communities for the doing. If we could have enough Federal Council of Churches, would help in our homes, so that the enter- have to give it all up because his taining which is at once a great wife's strength was not sufficient to privilege and a great drain on the meet the demands made by the care strength of the senior missionaries, of the home and the children, with might be less of a drain and more of no servant to be had on any terms.

a privilege, we could have strength A bright young schoolgirl saw the released for the outside work that situation and proposed that she would calls so insistently. Even if he is come in for several hours every day able to get along without it in his to cook.or to wash dishes or to clean younger days, a missionary after his house or nurse as the need was.

third furlough should have some kind Some of her schoolmates made horri- of conveyance for his own use, or fied ejaculation: "Surely you are else a fund to enable him to use more not going out to help to do house- freely the public motor cars when work !" "Oh, no," said she. "I'm such are available. To his former going out to help the Federal Coun- salary should be added enough to cil of Churches carry out a program enable him to live and entertain the for a great work in rural communi- many guests who come to his door, ties."

without the straining economy which In the Centenary Campaign of the exhausts him. Methodist Church a man was needed Here for instance is the wife of a to do a fine piece of organizing work missionary. She is over sixty but in looking after the allocation of five is in good health and goes about four . thousand minute men to speak in miles to her work. She takes two different churches. A New York lines of cars and walks five blocks pastor was found who was peculiarly each way, occupying about an hour fitted for the task, but there seemed in· making the trip. She returns no way to secure his release from home exhausted. If she had been the heavy pastoral work which de- able to go in an automobile she could manded all of his time, until a young have made the trip in less than fif- layman said, "Now I cannot manage teen minutes and been rested instead as big a proposition as this area of wearied by it. Why does she not proposition with the assignment of live near her work? Because her speakers and all it involves, but I can husband's classes must be considered organize the executive work of this first and their home is convenient to congregation so as to release a large these." part of the pastor's time on six days

BEST METHODS

of the week. Whereupon he applied delegate to the International Sunday himself to the task of having the School Association. Of course you members of the congregation take are going." "I'm a delegate, but I'm care of many of the week day not going," was the answer. A bit activities which had previously been of questioning brought the informaattended to by the pastor. New- tion that he was not going because comers, and new members were called he did not have money to pay his on, the sick· were visited, and a expenses. Then the Bible class splendid system of work was set teacher said, "Now see here, I believe in motion which made it possible for in you and what you're going to do the pastor to give his time largely in the Sunday-school, and I'm going through the week to the big piece of to see that you go to that convenwork for the Centenary. This was tion." the main objective, but a valuable by-product was the increased activity The young man went, and there his of the membership of the congrega- eyes were opened to the possibilities tion in the work of the church: of the Sunday-school, and he has given his life to the realization of There is a woman whose name has these possibilities. never appeared in a list of missionary workers, but who is doing a great The Bible school teacher had only work by proxy. She does not speak a local influence through his own at meetings nor is she known to work, but when he found Marion executive councils, but she slips Lawrance and gave him the $20.00 quietly into the home of a prominent which paid his expenses to his first and busy missionary leader who is Sunday School Convention, he set in eminently fitted to both of these tasks, motion the greatest influence of his and takes. charge of her darning bas- life. ket, thereby releasing much of her gifted friend's valuable time for He little dreamed that he was service which she alone can give. An- helping the future General Secretary other woman who was doing a fine of the International Sundav Schaol piece of public work in addition to Association to find his work and to her own housekeeping was enabled do it in a way that has for years to continue it without interruption made him the outstanding Sundaybecause a practical friend said, "I sch001 leader of the world. cannot do the speaking you are doing, but if you will keep right at it, I'll In like manner some one saw the attend to your canning and preserv- possibilities in a young law student, ing this summer." and made arrangements for W. C. Pearce to go to his first Sunday- A business man proposed to as- school convention, which was a great sume the salary of one of the great influence in directing his exceptional missionary leaders of this country, ability in dealing with men in the making it possible for this most con- channels of Christian and Sundayvincing speaker to go all over the school work. country giving his message. He has stirred the hearts of men everywhere' DANGERS OF SELF-CENTERED and secured multiplied thousands for missions and many missionaries for SERVICE the field, The business man could not have done the work, but he made At a summer conference some one it possible for another man to do it. spoke of the magnetic personality and the outstanding success of one of the In the year 1884 a Bible class leaders. teacher put his hand on the arm of a young Sunday-school superinten- "Yes," said a thoughtful man dent. "I'm glad to see you are a quietly, "I have noticed his success and have noted that it has been attained at the sacrifice of other men's success. He seems to have had no thought beyond his own

classes. He has kept the members of rosetted and looped, artistically them beyond the hour, and knocked draped, and gaily streamered.

the heart out of the work of the man The hat was presented as a "going who followed him. He has featured away hat" for the summer confer- his own work, but has done nothing ence trip and the application thereof in a big cooperative way to help was evident. The committee testi- others do theirs." fied that they had no difficulty in se- To constantly have a thought for curing the gifts and that practically the success of others; to make it pos- everyone to whom they mentioned it sible for some one who is about to immediately wanted to have part in fail to succeed; to help some one who the plan.

is doing good work to do better Here lies a suggestion for sending work; to lead into the work some one delegates from various organizations.

who has been on the outside: here is A bright little rhyme to accompany broader opportunity than unconsider- the presentation adds to the occasion.

ing, self-centered achievement of ONE WOMAN'S INFLUENCE one's own task alone. The day was done, and a woman HER GOING AWAY HAT tired and weary signed her name to Modes and Methods in Missionary the last note to be written as the clock struck twelve. "Another day Millinery • gone and what have I done?" she The members of the miSSIOnary said. society wanted their pastor's wife to go to the summer conference, but the She read over the two notes: "Dear Miss Blank: There comes to financing of the trip was the thing me so constantly the feeling that the that clouded their brow. nurses in our hospitals are so overcworked and that they have so little relaxation She was a fine missionary leader, but for years she had been giving from their constant association with a world of sickness and suffering that I freely out of her store with no iust long to snatch them away from it chance for training or for stimulating all for a little while into an entirely differassociation with other leaders and ent atmosphere which would put a new teachers. The summer conference song in their weary hearts and a new spring in their tired steps. I have enwith its rich program of methods gaged two seats for all the orchestra conand study would be just the thing for certs this season which I want to place her, but where was the money to at your disposal, as you are in charge of come from, and just how was it to the nurses. I cannot do the work they be. presented to her? are doing but perhaps this strain of music Then began much whispered dis- in their lives will help them to do it better." cussion and many mysterious references. Whenever "the hat" was men- She sealed this and then glanced tioned, people smiled a little knowing over the other note.

smile and stock in millinery straight- "Dear Pastor; I am sending you a line way became popular. to let you know that a little bird flew At the close of the next meeting past and whispered to me that my pastor of the society a delivery boy ap- and my pastor's wife were tired and needed a rest. This same little bird flew peared at the psychological moment on up to Poland Springs and engaged a with a huge hatbox addressed to the room for you for a month on the very pastor's wife, who was asked to come forward to receive it. When the spot you said you would choose of all spots for a vacation, and tells me that the bills are all paid in advance. It was a box was opened a straw hat, product blue bird, by the way, and I am sure if you follow its leading you will find of a five and ten cent store, was happiness and new strength." lifted out. Interest centered not in the shape but in the most startling Before she went to sleep, her trimming, eloquently suggestive of St. thoughts traveled back over the busy Patrick. Greenbacks were gracefully hours of the day. No great task had

been done. She had attended a meet- lips tightened, her eyes flashed the ing of the Orphan's Home Board and spirit of the conqueror. By sheer had succeeded in getting an assistant force of her will she seemed to hold for the superintendent. She had her patient back from the out-reach- gone by the hospital to make sure of ing arms of death. In defiance of the delivery of the victrola and the the doctor's sigh she continued her records the nurse had told her would ministrations, not submissively but be such a wonderful help. She had combatively, until, as the hours of lost time there because one of the the night broke before the coming young doctors looked so tired and of the dawn, the doctor whispered worn she had stolen him away for a exultingly: "You win!"

little ride in her automobile. As the patient breathed evenly and Then she had mailed to a mission- regularly he said, "I marvel at your ary friend in Japan a number of endurance and your unconquerable dainty little dresses which her own SpIrIt. You simply held this man little daughter had outgrown, and back from death to-night, after I had sent with them a batch of late gave up."

magazines. In the evening she had The eyes of the nurse became given a birthday party for one of the dreamy. "I would have given ~p deaconesses at the mother house. too if it had not been for the con- For years it had been her custom to cert. I was completely exhausted be hostess for the birthdays of the last night but to-day some one sent sisters, most of whom were far awav me a ticket for the concert. It was from their families. Then she had wonderful and it put new life and finished up with the dressmaker who spirit into my work. I just could not was working on a dress for her give up with that music in my heart."

friend. She thought of this friend **** as she went to bed, and prayed that A pastor came back to his wor!: God would speak through her His after a month's vacation with a ne,1:'

messages as she traveled through light in his eye and a new energy in the land addressing important meet- his planning. Throughout the parish ings. Several years ago she had pro- it was evident. New members were posed that she would become "Lady enrolled, and far reaching plans were of the Wardrobe" to do her friend's projected. The church officials were shopping and look after all the time- full of joy. Now he seemed to be consuming details, so that her full getting a masterful grip on the situa- time might be released for missionary tion. He had been very tired and service. his vacation had made a new man of She slipped out of bed to write yet him. A woman who could not do a another note to assure this friend of pastor's work had made it possible hers that she was following her for a pastor to do his work more schedule with prayer. Then she went efficiently. * At an orphan's* ho*me*a- superintento sleep, little dreaming of what she had done that day. * * * * dent was carrying out her dream of In the dim light of a hospital years to give more time to some of room a doctor and a nurse sat by a the things she counted most vital, but which had been impossible for lack patient's bed. . "We lose," whispered the doctor to of assistance. Now, with her new the nurse, as he admitted the hope- assistant, had come new hope and lessness of the long, hard fight by a new courage and dreams come true. sigh and sat down dejectedly by the – With grateful heart her thoughts turned to the woman who had made patient's bed. No relaxing was evident in the this possible. "If there is any ~uccess nurse's face. The lines about her in my work just about half of the

reward is hers, because her hearty a birthday and cared to celebrate it.

support and understanding sympathy The few hours of happy relaxation have made my work possible. had bound all of the guests closer * *** together and put a clearer note of A nurse rolled a victrola into the fellowship and joy in their work ward on Sunday morning. As the "Bless her," whispered one, "she soft strains of "Rock of Ages Cleft just seems to live to help other peo- for Me" came to each ear the drawn ple to live up to their best and to faces in the beds relaxed and an air do their work"

of peace pervaded the room. Then **** followed others of the old hymns, A missionary secretary faced an bringing blessing and assurance to invitation to address a great gather- those who listened. From room to ing. "No more this year," she said room the victrola was taken and in as she glanced at her suitcase, "I each it gave its message and accom- must go home for rest and repairs."

plished its work. "It is one of my Then there came a letter written at first and one of my last aids," said midnight.

the nurse. "It has helped many "I am following you with my back to health and has comforted prayers as you speak Then, my some in the valley of the shadow. dear, I am worldly-minded enough This dear, dear friend of mine litt~ to follow you with the new dress you knows how many hearts she has had fitted several weeks ago. Never 'reached through her gift nor how get it into your head that the Lord much easier she has made my work" can speak better through a woman * * A * who is carelessly dressed than through young d*octor patients one who is hooked uP. straight with met his with a fresh breath of air in his no buttons dangling. I know how lungs and a new light in his eye, little time you have to give to details, just because of a little spin around and I count it a real privilege to the beautiful driveway of the park. relieve you of as much care of your **** wardrobe as possible; and while I Over in Japan a woman unpacked cannot address the audiences you can, little dresses while a deep wave of yet I hope you can get in more meet- thanksgiving swept her heart. She ings than you could if you had to be hugged her little daughter impul- bothered with this shopping."

sively. "This means, precious, not At a meeting next day four young only that you can have these lovely people decided to give their lives to dresses, but that mother can go right missionary service and a gift of five on with the kindergarten work in- thousand dollars was secured for stead of having to stop to sew as the work.

she had planned. And these maga- "These are her -trophies," said the zines! We must begin right away speaker to herself, Hfor I could to divide them up among all the not have accepted this invitation nor missionaries who are so hungry for a host of others if she had not taken a sight of them. They will bring on her shoulders so many details of joy all along the line. I wonder jf shopping and planning for me."

that friend across the ocean knows **** that she makes it possible for me to The day was done. A woman do many things that could neyer have tired and weary fell asleep. What had been done but for her?" she done? No newspaper recorded **** any great achievement with flaring A deaconess had gone to her work headlines. No audience thronged with a new glow about her heart. around her in appreciation, yet she It made such a difference to know had made possible work which reached that some Qne actually remembered the ends of the earth.

Woman's Foreign Mission

Edited by MRS WM. H. FARMER, Montclair, N. J. Representative of the Federation of Woman's Foreign Mission Board· CHRISTIAN LITERATURE IN MISSION FIELDS A Letter to the Woman's Foreign Mission Boards ONCE more the Committee on ment and urged upon all Christian Christian Literature for Women teachers throughout the land, reads and Children in Mission Fields de- like a romance. By this method sires to lay before ·you its pressing thirty-nine characters are made to do need of funds to carry on its work. the work of the 5,000 or 6,000 which This Committee is one of the the most limited reading and writ- ing of Chinese has heretofore re- Standing Committees of the Federa- quired. With the pos3ibilities bound tion of Women's Boards. Its re- up in this new system, when the port for 1918 is included in the an- seven hundred thousand Ch.:_tians nual report of the Federation, which shall each say to his neighbor, may be secured from Miss M. H. "Know the Lord through the pnnted Leavis, West Medford, Mass. page," it is manifestly of the gr:::atest importance that books shall be pre- As a Committee, we have become p2recl for women and young people responsible in 1919 for several im- which shall give them pure Christian pOItant pieces of work, but mnd our- ideals. selves, at this date, with less than The Chinese Christian Literature $500 in our treasury. Council, of which Miss Laura M. May we ask that you will, at the White is a member, has asked the Woman's Committee to provide earliest opportunity, bring to your $1000 gold for this great new en- Executive Committees these requests, terprise. The Committee has guarand urge an immediate and generous anteed this sum. support of this appealing and evergrowing branch of foreign mission- 3. In Japan a new weekly news- paper for women has just been ary work? started under the auspices of the 1. The Committee has promised Christian Literature Society of Japan. Miss Bosanquet (Bo~zan­ $500 annually for the publishing ex- kay) in charge of this department penses of "Happy Childhood," the only Christian magazine for Chinese says: children. Through the generous and self-sacrificing efforts of Mrs. Donald MacGillivray, of Shanghai, the Committee is able to place this little "We shall be very glad if friends will illustrated magazine in the hands of help us to make the 'Ai No Hikari' about four thousand of the children (Light of Love) known and get it into of China, at the nominal cost of the factories and workshops. It will also twenty-five cents gold per year. But be found suitable for home use, for moth- ers' meetings and for farmer and fisher there are millions of children who people."

have no "Happy Childhood," and The Committee has assumed $300 we beg for funds to lengthen the as its yearly gift for this much- list of those who shall be gladdened needed new paper. Ten dollars wilt . by this messenger from Christ's peo- . place it for a year in the hands of ple. one thousand Japanese women, who Z. The story of the new alphabet perhaps have never had a glimpse of for China, endorsed by the Govern- such a life as Mary SJessor's, the 459

story of whose girlhood begins in the to learn the le'ssons of the war. A initial number, February, 1919. dozen new democracies have sprung A new magazine for English into existence over night. The new speaking students in India has been peoples eager for popular govern- already guaranteed under the super- ment, as a rule, are ill prepared for vision of Miss Flora Robinson and its exercise. A vast responsibility her sister Ruth of Isabella Thoburn rests upon missionary boards in the College, Lucknow. We have the first matter of education in democracy, $500 for this. A second will be especially as to the Christian basis needed before January 1, 1920. for democracy. One of the tasks is Other smaller undertakings, all the preparation of the 400,000,000 beneficial and all greatly needed, Chinese for self rule. There is an make a budget of approximately $3,- urgent call for books and trcatis.·'~ 000 to be financed during 1919. This· emanating from America which shall is a very conservative estimate, really deal' with this problem in a popular only a drop in the bucket needed to yet fundamental way.

assuage the thirst of the new Chris- 2. Along with the new political and tians in our mission fields. economic aspirations, there has come We ask therefore that you will re- a heart hunger to the nations. Their spond as soon as possible with a sub- time honored institutions are failing stantial appropriation from your to meet their deeper needs. Their Board for these most appealing ob- religions have not stood the test of jects, and that you will also try to modern conditions. In many lands, secure immediate gifts from inter- notably in China, we see a reaching ested friends, women's clubs, inter- out for the secret of vital Christian- denominational groups and summer ity. Multitudes who have never at- conferences. tended a mission chapel are in a Surely we cannot fail in this bit of mood to read a well written book in world rebuilding, nor refuse to share which the essential truths of our our riches of books and magazines religion are set forth.

with the newly awakened women 3. Synchronizing with this new and young people of lands brought … situation is a rapid increase in the near us by a world-war. reading public. Not in vain have the Please make checks payable to L. mission schools throughout the world V. North, Treasurer, Bradford Acad- been pouring out their thousands of emy, Bradford, Mass. graduates year by year. In countries Christian Literature leaflets and like Japan, the government has seen programs may be obtained from Miss to it that the people generally have M. H. Leavis, West Medford, Mass., been taught to read. In India not for ten cents in stamps. less than a million new literates are Yours in Christian service, being produced by government and ALICE M. KYI,E, Chairman. mission schools every year. Are we L. V; NORTH, Treasurer. to create a thirst for knowledge and MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY, then not supply the means for its Central Committee on United Study satisfaction? A particularly encour- of Foreign Missions. aging sign in the Far East is the THE NEXT STEP growing literacy of women. There By CORNELIUS H. PATTON, D. D., are many opportunities now to reach the mothers in tqe homes by means Boston, Mass. of books, magazines, and leaflets.

Four considerations point to the Where this is impossible, Bible wo- ·expansion of the literature movement men and teachers can read good lit- as the next step in missionary strat- erature to eager groups of listeners egy. in the bazaar, the harem, and the 1. The world is awake and eager home.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

4. Back of all these conditions is in the matter of meeting this new de- the ineradii:able respect of the Orien- mand. That attractive little maga- tal for a book. In lands like China, zine for the children of ·China en- Arabia, and Turkey, a book is an titled "Happy Childhood," which has almost sacred object. The common come into being under the stimulus people have a respect for the printed of the Committee on Literature o'

page which finds no parallel in the the Federation of Woman's Boards, western world. The mere fact that is a happy augury of similar ventures a statement is made in prirrted form to be made in behalf of other Lands.

carries great weight with the Orien- It is proposed now that the Woman's tal mind. Boards shall help in the publication It is the consensus of the best mis- of a weekly newspaper for the wo- sionary opinion that the pushing of men of Japan. One of the most en- our literature department is a matter couraging events is the agreement of of the utmost urgency. The situa- the Woman's Literature Committee tion will brook no delay. We are to raise $1000 to cover the item in much farther behind in this line of the Literature budget for women and effort than in any other. In fact children drawn up by the Literature every other department, most of all Council of China.

evangelism, is being held back for Through such ventures as these it lack of adequate literature. is demonstrated that we are working It is also a matter of common con- along right lines in this effort. May sent that by far the larger part of I urge that the Woman's Boards our Christian literature should be should consider most earnestly in- produced on the cooperative basis. creasing their appropriations in order There will always be a demand for to meet the above responsibilities and denominational and board publica- that we may take advantage of the tions, but it is safe to say that fully unprecedented opportunity of our three-quarters of the literary output times?

may be produced more economically In my opinion this is clearly the and effectively through union agen- next step for us to take.

cies.

Fortunately during the years of the HELPING THE CHILDREN war the Boards have been organiz- An Address by ing union literature committees in MRS. DONALD MACGILLIVRAY, Shang- Japan, Korea, China, Moslem Lands, and Latin America. The union or- hai, China ganization exists ready to our hand. In all these areas careful surveys Train up a child in the way he .should have been made so that we are in go and when he i.s old he wilt not depossession of data as a basis for poli- part from it.

And Jeous called a little child unto him and set him in the midst of them.

cies covering the whole range of lit- .In non-Christian lands the value erature. In the surveys special at- and importance of the child has not tention has been paid to the reach- yet been grasped. I fear that even in ing of the women and the children our missionary work we have not put through attractive picture books, the child in the midst. And yet if we story leaflets, magazines, and treatises are to capture these lands for the on domestic economy and the care of King of kings, we must have the chil- children, as well as by means of dren. Judging by the wealth of works dealing with the devotional literature published in America for life and the building of character. children and young people, the child May I express the satisfaction felt specialists must consider it a very by many who are interested in this important part of the child's life.

line of effort over the enterprise and At Christmas time in Toronto I was promptness of the Women's Boards struck as never before by the wealth

of literature prepared for children. the New Testament at least. Let us Several times I stood outside the prepare and distribute books teaching shop windows and gazed, then went the child truth, love, kindness and inside and gazed, and handled. the good-will. Then the world of the beautiful, attractive literature for our future will be safe fo'r democracy. children. Books for the tiny tots, We were told yesterday that a transbooks for young boys and girls, lator occupied a throne of power. books for the young people, who, I fear we have not been very quick to occupy those thrones. Standing with reluctant feet, Where the brook and river meet, For the Chinese child under ten years of age, we have almost no need no such guiding, books of poe- special literature prepared and pubtry, adventure, and travel. Authors, lished by the Christian Church. artists, and publishers all seem to combine to make the path of litera- We have also sadly neglected the ture a flowery one for our children, boy of teen age, with his many deand rightly it should be so. But sires waiting to be guided and inas I gazed and handled, I felt some- spired. what like the Psalmist, "My heart was hot within me; while I was mus- Before leaving China I obtained ing the fire kindled," and I thotlght the following figures from the China Continuation Com mit tee. (You of China and her millions of children, know, in China the "C. C. C." is the authority. We expect them to know of· India and Africa, and of the poor, everything and to tell us the truth, pitiful, little efforts we have made to especially in statistics.) In China supply the needs of childhood in we have one hundred millions of these lands. We have been thinking children under ten years of age, and of the man and forgetting the father another one hundred million under of the man. We have not put the twenty years of age. I have heard it child in the midst. Literature for stated that the population of China men is important, for women even doubles itself in eighty years. Here more so, for children most important. then is the real yellow peril if one exists. We talk much of making the world safe for democracy, whatever that Does it stagger us? It should not. phrase may mean. The boy of today The Good Shepherd said, "Feed My will be the man in ten or fifteen lambs." He also said, "Whatsoever years' time; the girl of today will be ye shall ask the Father in My name the mother in ten or fifteen years' He will give it to you." Surely, that time. It is a difficult task to alter promise is equal to any task. the finished product, especially when that finished product is a man. It is estimated we have 60,000 girls in our mission schools in China, also Why is it the -doors are open in a large number of girls in the Gov- China and other non-Christian lands? ernment schools, and a still larger There are doubtless many reasons, number of boys in mission and nonbut one obvious reason is that these mission schools. We have also 500,- lands are now dotted over with grad- 000 children under religious instrucuates from our mission schools, who tion every Sunday in China. I have are leaders of public opinion. If we hellrd many teachers in China behad paid still more attention to the moan the fact that the young people child and his needs in the past, per- are not acquiring the reading habit. haps there would have been no need Why? – Because they have so little to have discussed how to promote suitable reading matter. We have internationalism. thought much, and rightly so, of es- tablishing mission schools for the We hear of the value of the Bible children, but we have not thought and Christian literature in our work. enough of the desires and longings Let us see that every child in non- Christian lands possess a copy of

that are being born in the child's "Tell me who i~ this Jesus of wnom mind as he or she passes through the this paper speaks so often." Then, schools. like Philip, the apostle of old, she sat Thanks to the Committee on Chris- down and preached unto her Jesus. tian Literature for Women and Another official in Peking, ordering Children, wt: have a children's maga- the magazine for his family, wrote: zine in China. it had its birth dur- "The paper is a light for the children ing the war, but has nevertheless of China." reached a subscription list of 4,000 copies per month. When we think of We want to enlarge this magazine the number of children in China, we so as to meet the wide opportunities feel like exclaiming, "What is that awaiting it, and we also need help in among so many ?" We believe, how- distributing it. The extreme poverty ever, that each magazine has large of the people makes it difficult often audiences. It goes into all denomina- for them to buy it. If the children tions, to all parts of China; also it cannot afford to buy it we ought to finds its way into Burma, the Malay give it to them. States, and to Chinese in Canada and America. Let me quote from one or Yes, we need more literature for two letters from missionaries. From the Chinese child, and the Indian Kiangyin :' "I find it a valuable paper child, and the Korean child. We need to put "the child in the midst" for the young people"; from. Man- -realize his value as did the Savchuria, "We all enjoy the magazine iour-study his needs and then supimmensely, it supplies a long-felt ply them. We dare not put the chil~ want. All of us who work among dren into our mission schools, make the children are specially 'grateful"; them hungry, and then leave them. from Shanghai, "Not only to scholars in day and Sunday school does it A Chinese young woman, writing come as a delight and a much-coveted to me some weeks ago, sai~: possession, but also to the pastors and teachers and church members-all Our young people la,ck high ideals and love the paper." large visions. If they possess high ideals and large visions they will be more use- Reading broadens the outlook, en- ful to society and far more beneficial to lists the sympathy of the Eastern future generations. We want books for child, as it does that of our own chil- our young women, books for our children, dren. picture books for our little ones.

We also have a competition page Do you know how many picture in our magazine, in which the chil- books we have published by the misdren take great delight. A Band of sion presses in China for the little Kindness pledge has also proved very ones? I know of just one-not very popUlar, and many hundreds of Chi- attractive-but it has had a large nese children have signed this pledge sale-lOO,OOO,OOO children and one from all over China. Letters to the picture book! The mothers and editor from the children are often teachers in China do not need to received, showing the real interest the spend much time in turning over children take. I need hardly say that books trying to decide' which book books are one of the most valuable they will buy. I claim that books are evangelistic agents we have on the necessary for our children in nonmission field. A lady missionary was Christian lands, also that we have not visiting and teaching in the home of put this subject in the place it dethe late Yuan Shi Kai. She left a serves. We need more books, we copy of the children's magazine with need help for distributing the books. the ladies several times on her visits. One day one of the young wives of I plead for the child in China, in the palace called her aside and said: India, in Africa, in Korea, in Japan, that in our budgets, our confer- ences, our plans, we may place the child where the Saviour did-"in the midst."

fROM l1rANY

AFRICA countless government bulletins on New Ideals in Barot8e-Dand "Care of Infants," laws regulating child labor, etc. With all these helps BAROTSE-LAND Mission, Rho- infantile paralysis and other chil- . desia, under the care of the Paris dren's dise<rses are still a menace. Evangelical Society, has been se- In Egypt, however, a land of intense verely tested during the four and a heat, fiies, filth and ignorance, it is half years of war. No contributions small vronder that all manner of reached it from Belgium, Alsace or children's ailments are prevalent. Northern France, and nineteen work- , Mothers need to be taught that yearers were lost to the staff, either old babies cannot thrive on waterthrough illness, death or the call to melon and cucumbers. Eye diseases military service. Notwithstanding are common because of infected dust, these handicaps, ten new out-stations, so that few, even of the well-cared with schools, have been organized. for American babies escape entirely. The social and moral level of the If the appalling death rate among locality has risen very perceptibly. Egyptian babies is to be checked, The native chiefs have mapped out there must be a campaign of educaprogrammes of reform in marriage, tion for Egyptian mothers. This is education and temperance, and while one reason why the Nile Mission not always carried out by their pro- Press is starting a magazine for moters, the plans mark a new level Egyptian mothers. of aspiration. At a recent baptismal service the king addressed the people Communion Sunday in Elat A in an admirable manner, reminding LTHOUGH seven churches have grown out of the original church them that their task was not completed because they had been bap- at Elat, West Africa, the membertized, but that it was only begun, for ship of the present church is still temptations would assail them. over 4,000. The communion service Scriptures lor Africa is so large as to be almost unwieldy. Rev. W. C. Johnstone reports that THE British and Foreign Bible So- at the last communion service he ciety has published some part of baptized fifty-five babies and 225 the Scriptures in one hundred and adults. More than 300 were ex- thirty-seven African languages. These amined for membership. This is include the complete Bible in twenty- "just an average service in Elat!

two languages, and the complete New Testament in thirty-one more lan- Orume, an African Convert P guages. In the continent as a whole ERHAPS this little African boy understood as much theology as about eight hundred recognized languages are spoken, according to the Samuel did when he prayed the estimate of W. J. W. Roome, secre- prayer that influenced all his after tary of the Society for British East life: "Speak, Lord, for Thy servant Africa. heareth."

Orume, seven years old, is the son of an African chief, and was given Chnd Welfare Work for Egypt AMERICA has many forms of by his father to a missionary as a child welfare work, including present. He has been the subject of visiting nurses for the city slums, much prayer and training. Small bureaus of instruction for mothers, wonder then that he has made prog- laws guarding against infected milk, ress. One day he sought out the 464

19191 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

missionary's wife to tell her that he walked 400 miles, bearing letters wished to follow Jesus. "What is from Dr. Moffat, and asked to be following Jesus?" "Doing only what put to work for Christ. Mr. Bailey pleases Him," said Orume. "But was obliged to tell them there was suppose you find it hard sometimes, no money for their support, but afwhat then?" "The Holy Spirit will ter praying over the matter, he sughelp me let sin alone," was the reply. gested that they go to three diff",rent "Do you know what sin is, Orume?" localities where chiefs had asked for "Oh, yes, doing things that make the teachers and promised to provide Lord's heart sore." them with food. Bravely they went. In 1916 Mr. Bailey completell the Orume's influence promises to be translation of the Gospel of John, very great as he grows up. which the Mbunda, Nkangala and Yauma can all understand. Casting in her All Six hundred miles stretch between AN old black heathen w:oman lay this lonely worker and the Atlantic in a hut so filthy that when the Coast of Africa, and not a missionmissionary went to see her she could ary in that distance. The American scarcely believe it contained a human Board station at Bihe is four hunbeing. The doorway was so low a dred miles northwest and other misdog could not enter without having sions are a two weeks' journey to the his back scraped. She was ill in south and east. body, but more ill in soul. "I asked you to come," she said, "because NORTH AMERICA your God answers prayer." After a few visits from the missionary and A Programme of Americanization the evangelist, light began to break, the Light that gives Life. She be- AN Inter-Racial Council has been came a new creature in spirit, though formed for the welfare of immirapidly nearing the close of her grants coming to our shores. Three earthly life. The last visit found her lines of work will be undertaken: fumbling with the filthy rag wound education in the English language about her head, fI:.om which she and the ideals and principles of finally extracted a shilling, and hand- America; industrial co-operation by ing it to the evangelist she said: "Go which the immigrant will be made to and give that to the missionary and feel at home and will be brought on tell him it is a thank-offering for the better terms with his employer; varjoy of salvation." ious groups will be brought into association with each other so that Angola and the South Africa General race jealousies may be lessened and devotion to America take its place i,1 Mission every life.

I N 1853, Livingstone passed through United Presbyterian. Portuguese West Africa; thirtyone years later F. S. Arnot passed Russian Orthodox Church Reorganized through and promised to send a missionary. Twenty-eight years after BEFORE the Revolution in Russia, that (in 1912) Rev. A. W. Bailey, the Russian Orthodox churches of the South Africa General Mission, in the United States were under the visited the Luchase country and direct control of the central authority found it still untouched with the in Petrograd. Since the Revolution Gospel. In July, 1914, he began the it has been a serious question just building of a small stick-and-c1ay what the Russian churches here were house of worship, and for the past to do. A solution of the problem five years has taught the Gospel in was reached Feb. 28 in a meeting that heathen center. In 1915 three in Cleveland, Ohio, of the representanative Christian men and their wives tives of more than two hundred Rlls- sian parishes who united to form an

organization under the above title. It the city, were sufficient to furnish was participated in by representatives twenty grains of these drugs daily of the Roumanian, Bulgarian, Alban- to 2,000 persons. Figuring the norian, Serbian and Syrian peoples whQ mal medicinal dose at one-sixth to are in communion with the Rus- one-fourth grain daily, the commissian branch of the Greek Orthodox sioner estimated that these sales Church. would supply 40,000 persons had it been administered medicinally, which Almosl all these churches are would seem to indicate that a large located in great industrial centers, proportion of the sales in the thirtyand exert an immeasurable influence three stores mentioned was m~. de to over a large portion of our foreign addicts. The New York City Compopulation. missioner of Correction, Dr. fames A. Hamilton, emphasizes the fact Congregationalist and Advance. that the drug habit is not confined to the poor, but extends to all strata A Jewish MissIon (Jonference of society. "It is an increasing men- ace to society," says Dr. Hamilton, THE Chicago Hebrew Mission has "and if allowed to continue un- arranged to hold its Annual checked, will ruin not only the in- Conference on behalf of Israel, al dividual but the nation as well." the Moody Bible Institute, Chicago May 20th to 23rd inclusive. Friend~ The Lutheran "Inner Missions" of Israel, who discern the signs oj the times, are asked to pray that THE Lutheran Church in America this Conference may be greatly is large. and powerful. Most blessed of God. For further infor- Christian people know more of their mation write Supt. 'Norman H. foreign work than of the work in the Camp, 1505 So. Sawyer Ave., Chi- United States. The term "Inner cago, Ill. Missions" is not generally familiar to those of other denominations. During January and February, the The idea of "inner missions" is to Chicago Hebrew Mission has con- re-establish the primitive ideal of ducted a systematic house to house Christianity, so that loving service distribution of tracts in three large to a needy will becomes the manifest Jewish districts of Chicago. One sign, wherever there is a Christian. tract in' English and one in Yid- The ideal is to have the entire memdish were left in each home, and bership of the Church in active servduring the two months a total of 86,- ice. 526 tracts were given out, in this way evangelizing approximately 200,000 The aim is to bring all men to people. The workers are now re-vis- Christ and the primary method is by iting this same territory with Bibles, the direct personal work of each Testaments and Gospels. Christian in ministering to the physi- cal, mental and spirituaJ needs of all Increase in Sale of Habit-Forming who are in want. The secondary method is by institutions to care for Drugs the homeless, the sick, the aged, the orphaned, and the needy of all THE Health Commissioner of New classes, and for the special training York City has been gathering of those engaged in such work. The information as to drug addicts, and care of the mind and body are subreports that in the month of Janu- ordinated to the care of the soul. ary last more cocaine was sold to And so the "Inner Mission" ,differs wholesalers in New York City than from Social Service. in all of 1918, and the February demand was so great that manufac- Lutheran home missions are conturers had to restrict their sales. ducted under a separate Board that The legal sales of morphine, cocaine and heroin in December, in thirtythree of the 2,600 drug stores in

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

has for the immediate and ultimate years ago, "consists of about one aim the establishment of self-sup- hundred citizens who are actively porting churches, The Inner Mis- interested in the promotion of sion endeavor is a helper to the home moral and religious education in the missionary enterprise in compassing city of Malden." this aim. The school is interdenominational, The Inner Mission institutions of and by means of the hearty cooperthe Lutheran Ghurch comprise 64 ation of local talent with some of orphan's homes, 48 homes for the the faculty of Boston University a aged, 7 homes for defectives, 9 comprehensive curriculum has been deaconness' mother-houses, 50 hos- submitted for the following year, conpitals, 14 hospices, 9 immigrant and sisting of sixteen courses in all, dealseamen's missions, 11 miscellaNeous ing with Biblical, pedagogical, and institutions, and 13 Inner Mission social-service topics. The expenses societies and city missions; making are provided by far-sighted citizens, a total of 225 institutions and mis- and a small tuition fee of two dolsions with property worth over $14,- lars a semester. The. effectiveness 000,000, and an. endowment of nearly of this plan depends on the courses $2,000,000. During the past year and the teachers. There is danger about 100,000 persons were cared for that the teaching may omit the vital in these institutions. Christian truth.

ASoul TImber in United States Forests Fighting MormoniSlD on its own Ground N interesting proposition has re- cently come before the Presby- A RECENT issue of the Rsvn;:w terian Board of Home Missions. mentioned the dedication of the It is the proposal that" there should first Mormon church building to be be sent at least fifty industrial chap- erected in Brooklyn, New York, lains for the lumbermen of the one of the 335 propaganda centers Northwest. These chaplains would of the Latter Day Saints scattered have the same function in the in- over the country. Neutralizing dustrial army that the regular army agencies are not lacking, and one of chaplains have. They could be the these is the Utah Gospel Mission, connecting link between employer and employee, having access equally carried on by Rev. J. D. Nutting, to both, deal with all problems affecting the welfare of the men and, who resembles Mormon preachers in of course, be directly charged with so far as he accepts no salary. their religious oversight. In Washington, Oregon and Idaho at least Mr. Nutting proceeds on the theory 150,000 lumbermen are at work, and that only a traveling mission can probably 600,000 in the United reach the people of the outlying re- States as a whole. The missionary gions, and the work is therefore carproblem in this field calls for states- ried on by field missionaries who manship and thorough-going meas- cover the country in wagons not unures. like the old-time "prairie schooners." Evangelistic meetings are held in Organized Religious Education every settlement, ~upplemented. by personal visits to each home, where AN interesting community scheme the aim is to stimulate the daily use seems to have passed the experi- of the Bible, a copy of which is supmental stage, and bids fair to be fol- plied by the missionary. Through lowed elsewhere. The Malden personal interviews of this sort and (Massachusetts) Council of Reli- by means of anti-Mormon literature, gious Education, organized three the mission combats the Mormon propaganda in its own territory. In a single year no less than 14,000 calls

are made, 194 meetings held and "The Society of Independent Douk- 4,000 Bibles distributed. hobors, having learned of the mag- nificent and most praiseworthy re- Congregationalist and Advance. lief work conducted in Russia by the Society of Friends through your Negro Citizens In America Committee, does hereby with due humility enclose the sum of $1,264.50 FIFTY years ago only five per cent as a token of its appreciation of the of the Negroes could read and efforts of, and its willingness to co- operate with, this Society." write. Today seventy per cent are literate. Fifty years ago there were LATIN AMEIUCA but four colleges that admitted Ne- groes. Today there are 500 higher Cooperation In Seminaries institutions of learning in which the Negro is welcomed. Twenty millions UNION Theological Seminaries of dollars are invested in these are in prospect for Cuba, Porto schools, and an annual expenditure Rico, Chile and Brazil. Such a sem- of $13,600,000 is made for their up- inary is already in operation in keep and maintenance. Of this Mexico. The lack of a sufficient amount the Negroes raise $1,500,000. number of students in anyone de- Fifty years ago there were no public nomination to support a seminary, as schools for Negro children. Today well as the inability of any denomina- there are 1,750,000 colored boys and tion to supply enough teachers for girls in the public schools. Fifty a faculty, make the union seminary years ago there were 550 Negro the most practical and obvious form churches with about 55,000 com- of interdenominational cooperation. municants and church property to The one being organized in Brazil is the value of approximately $1,000,- to be maintained by Presbyterians, 000. Today there are 40,000 both North and South; Congrega- churches, with more than 4,000,000 tionalists, and Methodists. communicants, and with property valued at about $70,000,000. These Central America is also to exper- churches are raising annually about ience the results of cooperation. $200,000 for home missions and Methodists, Baptists and Presbyter- more than $100,000 for foreign mis- ians have divided the responsibility sions. for the six republics, including Pan- ama. Home Mission schools have been the key to this upward progress. Porto lUc~-a Mission Laboratory Sunday School Times. THE United States Government and missionaries have been at Doukhobor Help for Russia work in Porto Rico twenty years, THE Doukhobors in Canada have and great things have been accom- plished. " furnished an example of Christian good will at work, which is Everywhere schools have sprung worthy of notice. They have offered up, and they now have nearly 200,- to give large tracts of their land to 000 pupils. Both Spanish and Eng- returned soldiers, who are unable to lish are used in these schools. Many find work in cities; and in many cases of the pupils have already become the women' have volunteered to work teachers or have entered important in the fields in order to make up the professional work. Porto Ricans loss in the family income through have attained self-government, and this turning over the land. The the first vote taken was on prohibi- Doukhobors, being a non-resistant tion. They proved their far-seeing sect, have been interested in the work wisdom by giving an overwhelming of the Friends Service Committee, majority in favor of the measure. and have sent the following letter to the Russian section of the Committee: Best of all, the United States has

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

established freedom of religion. five different schools sent represent- Protestantism has already gained atives. Rev. George P. Howard, 15,000 members, representing a very Field Secretary for South America, large number of families, and exert- writes of Sunday-school equipment ing an influence disproportionately as follows: great. Medical missions, Christian "I found that there were no prop- education, and evangelism have gone erly organized kindergartJ!11 classes hand in hand. in any of the Sao Paulo Sunday- The American MissiotUlry. schools.. In none of their schools had they ever used a sand table, so I Pagan Argentina made up my mind that they would REV. J. L. HART, missionary to have a demonstration of how it was Argentina, was one day talking done. We got a table and sand, also a with some cultured women about the class of little children, and in one of Bible. "Oh," said one, "I once had the Presbyterian churches we had a that Book. It is of the devil for it kindergarten institute. There and then made my husband's horse run away, ten different Sunday-schools gave me throwing him out of the buggy and orders for the Beginners' Spanish nearly killing hiin. I at once burned Graded lessons which we have been producing in provisional form in Arit."- "Well," said Mr. Hart, "that is gentina. Naturally, in Brazil they very interesting. How did it hap- need this material in Portuguese, but rather than wait until they were pub~ pen?" In reply she said, "The day after lished in their own language they the accident I went to confession preferred to begin immediately, workand on telling the priest what had ing out the lessons from the Spanish happened he asked me if I had not text."

bought a book called the Bible from a man who had been going from War's Effect on Ch:Ilean Missions T house to house selling them a few HE Chile mission of the Presby- terian Church, U. S. A., has four days before. I told him that I had. He said the book caused the acci- principal stations-at Santiago, Val- 'paraiso, Taltal and Concepcion. The dent and advised me to burn it." A man bought a Bible while sick working force consists of twentyin the hospital. I went to see him three American missionaries, men and was trying to explain what the and women; and sixty helpers, com- Book was. A nun came along and prising ordained Chileans, teachers, on seeing the Bible flew into a rage Bible women, etc. In the sixteen and cried out, "Don't read that here- organized churches and thirty-five tical book. It speaks against the preaching places there is a -communiholy virgin." Said Mr. Hart, "You cant membership of 1,023. Sundayare quite mistaken." Opening the school pupils riumber 2,637, and the. Bible at the first chapter of Luke he pupils in day-schools of all gradeSc asked her to read. She did so, and are 1,083.

with some embarrassment, said, "Oh, This thriving mission feels keenly I thought it was the Protestant the changed financial conditions due- Bible." Then turning to him who had to the war. The .Chilean peso, for- bought the Book she said, "It is all merly worth sixteen cents, American right, you may read it." gold, is now worth thirty-six cents; Home and Foreign Fields. but the man who formerly received'

1,100 pesos as his monthly wage, now Sunday Schools in Brazil receives 450. At the same time prices THE Sunday School Association have not decreased, but have re- of Brazil held its annual conven- mained the same for local products,. tionat Sao Paulo, to which thirty- while the prices of all imported ar..,

tides has mcreased 25, 50, 100 and until, at last, the pureness of it, his even 200 per cent. bearing as a citizen and a father, and the heartiness with which he con- Many of the congregations for ducted family worship, ended by imlack of money cannot dress as de- pressing upon me that 1 ought to conceRtiy as formerly, and have ceased fess the Chtistian faith. This 1 ::tid to appear at the services. The poor- one night before all the family, in the est Chilean boy could not be per- midst of thanksgiving to God. suaded to come to the Sunday-school bare-foot, nor a girl who could Rot "Only the evangelical religion has muster what she considered a fitting power enougb. to inspire men with a headdress for her station. Some are love for work, a life of faith, acts of sufficiently sensible to come bare- honor, fufilment of duty, respect for headed, but they are few. laws and, alilove all, with the virtue of sacrificing self for an ideal, a The New Era. virtue so much needed in Peru."

A WIde Open Door South America.

THE administration of the Uni- EllROPE versity of Montevideo, Uruguay, the leading University of South All American Opportunity in Eur6pe America,is reported to have issued a decree making Bible study part of the I N the French Colonies there are regular curriculum. Senor Vigil, di- 50,000,000 inhabitants who are still rector of a review with a weekly wa,iting for the Gospel. And in circulation of 100,000, frequently France alone there are 20,000,000 to urges the public to buy Gospels or 25,000,000 people who are not affili- New Testaments. ated with a,ny church, but, after four years of war, are open-minded and Conversion or a Peruvian responsive to religilm.

THE following extracts are taken The door is wide open.but as the from the story of a Peruvian's Protestant missionary societies of conversion to eVaFlgelical Christianity: Great Britain and America are not in a position to occupy these fields, the "Having been cradled in the Ro- work can be done most effectively man tatholic faith, which is man's through French societies. religion and not Christ's, .1 was in the nature of things enshrouded in During the war the French misthe darkness of fanaticism, indiffer- sionary societies were sustained by ent to the most important, practically special gifts, Itut their financial conan atheist; for no one believes less in dition is now so seriously crippled God than the Roman Catholic. that the work cannot be carried on without outside support. To meet "One day, by chance, 1 heard a this need, there has been formed an Gospel sermon,. in Echaurren Square, international and interdenominational itt Valparaiso, preached in such a Committee for Christian Relief in manner and upon such real, living France and Belgium," with headquartopics, that 1 was deeply stirred. ters at 289 Fourth Avenue, New Later I went to the town of Ayaviri, York, which is supporting and cowhere 1 met a Christian of the most operating with every Protestant orkmdly simplicity of character, and ganization in France and Belgium. soon became persuaded that one does The director is Mr. George O. Tamnot always find the truth he is in blyn, the treasurer, Mr. Alfred R. search of in heated debates, but often Kimball. Mr. Charles S. Ward, of in the gentle form of a sincere con- the Red Cross, United War Work versation. So it was our talks usually and other national fund campaigns is turned to religion, but more than all advisor. else, Senor Sartagena's life at close sight was a constant sermon to me, The Committee has mapped out a program of work that prevents over-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

lapping or duplicating the efforts of the laundries of Madrid. Women other bodies in the work of rehabili- bring their household washing to tation and reconstructi@n. Protestant these places on Sundays as on other churches in the devastated areas must days. While they work, the evan- be rebuilt, congregations reassembled gelists read and explain to them such and temporarily succored, pastors parables as that of the Prodigal Son.

must be supported for a time, homes, The women have been so interested orphanages and asylums must be con- and delighted with their religious in- structed, and both home and foreign struction that they have attempted missions must be supported and to give money to the evangelists.

strengthened. Chaplain Daniel Couve which of course has been refused.

has pointed out that the industrial "No one ever told us such good news fJopulations of Northern France have before," they say. .

been exceedingly responsive to evan- Record of Christian Wark.

gelical efforts among them, and that the present offers a rare opportunity. The MiiUer Orphanages at Brfstol After a careful survey the Com- I N spite of the war, the work mittee announces that $3,000,000 is founded by the late George Miilneeded to accomplish tkis great work, ler of Bristol, England, 82 years and a campaign to raise this sum has ago, has been even more generously been started among the Protestant supported than in past years. It is churches of the United States. As a "faith work" for whick no dipart of the money-raising campaign, rect appeals are made. Last year there were 2,000 orphans cared for Sunday, June 1, has been named Me- in the Ashley Down Homes, rangmorial Day for France and Belgium ing from four to sixteen years of in the Protestant churches of this age, and the total amount received country, and appeals have gone forth to pastors to take special collections for all the work was £17,000 or for the cr' ie. nearly £3,000 more than the previous year. The Homes are conducted on Another Door of Opportunity a non-sectarian but a strictly Chris- A DELEGATION of Georgians. tian basis. No children of legitimate which went to Paris to present birth, mentally sound, in destitute their claims for recognition and pro- circumstances and bereft of both tection at the hands of the Peace parents, are refused admission. Conference, heard of Dr. James L. In addition to the orphanages Barton's presence in the city' and there are conducted Bible, tract and sought an interview with him to ask missionary enterprises at home and that missionary work be undertaken. abroad. All of the work has been in their country. The Georgians in- richly blessed under the direction of habit the country east of the Black Wm. M. Bergin the director. The Sea and have their capital at Tiflis. faithfulness of God has been abun- They number about three million dantly manifested. and are nominally Christian, but in reality, wild, superstitious, half pagan. Protestants in Alsace-Lorrafne Their spokesmen in Paris were DR. RUBEN SAILLENS says deeply in earnest, saying they had that Alsace-Lorraine will bring watched American missionary effort over to France a Protestant populain Turkey and Armenia, and would tion of about 500,000 people-pracdo all in their power to facilitate such tically as many as there are now work among their own people. in France. This means, as Dr: Sail- The "Good News" for Spanish Women lens adds, that there will in all prob- TWO Spanish evangelists have ability soon be open doors for a been teaching and preaching in French evangelist in that country.

MOSLEM LANDS grounds have been occupied by the Turks as a military hospital and Tnrkish Governor Hung for Armenian orphanage; student income has been reduced to nothing; eight of the Massacres teachers, all Armenians, were killed and three more are dead, while four- 17EMAL BEY, governor of Diar-. teen others have been in military :… bker, has been publicly hanged service. The endowment of $130,- in Stamboul, as one of those re- 000 is still intact, and there is every sponsible for Armenian deportations reason to expect a large attendance and massacres in the Yozghad dis- of students, Armenians, Greeks and trict. The trial by the Turks of Russians, as soon as the buildings those responsible for Armenian mas- can be made ready to receive them. sacres was begun in February at Constantinople. Kemal Bey was former Turkish Minister of Food.

Relief In the Oancasus The Old Order Ohanglng REV. WALTER N. JAMES, a SAID an old Mohammedan Sheikh member of the American Com- not long ago to the head of a mittee for Relief in the Near East, mission school for girls in Alexan- has sent the following report from dria: "We do not wish to have our Erivan: dau~hters stay in school very lang." A young Egyptian lad, who over- "I am surprised to find so many heard, quickly rejoined: "No, that is Armenians here south of the Cau- past. Our country can never be casus Mountains. The race is very great until our women are educated." far from becoming extinct and we Contact with western nations and find them here in all conditions. missionary homes has given many a They range f rom the Turkish sub- young Mohammedan a new ideal of ject, bearing the marks of that civili- companionship which only an eduzation,· to the Russianized Armenian cated wife can satisfy. Many Perwho snaps his finger at the Sultan. sian mothers of today speak of their daughters with pride, and are keenly "The refugees are in sorry plight, interested in their progress. The but their condition is mitigated 100 Moslem ladies of India are so much per cent by the efforts of the com- in earnest in their desire for admittee. .There are 3,000 people em- vancement that 400 of their leaders ployed by the Americans, not to met in Lahore last year to discuslS speak of the 16,000 orphans reached, their problems. Even among nonbesides others helped by direct char- Christians, the elements of Chrisity. Wool and cotton are bought tianity are manifesting their influand every process from the sheep's ence. back and field to the finished garment is carried on· by the refugees; France and Her Moslem Subjects carding, spinning, dyeing, weaving, tailoring, until clothi1}g is provided A STRIKING development of refor all and occupation for thousands cent times is seen in the in·· who would otherwise be beggars. creased intelligence and sympathy on Longfellow's 'Evangeline' is not one- the part of the French colonial adhundredth part sad ~nough to de- ministration in Africa. Governor scribe what one sees and feels each General Panty, who fell in the war, day. The great consolation is that created a tradition of keeping the so many are being helped." administrative authority in close touch with the people, giving each United Presbyterian. race its rightful opportunity of devel- opment. He was insistent upon AnatoUa OoUege after the War not allowing Moslem chiefs authority to Moslemize their pagan subjects. AN ATOLIA College, Mimovan, Turkey, is war-wrecked for the time being. All the buildings and

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

During his' governorship he abol- James M. Taylor in British Baluch- ished cannibalism, ritual murder, le- istan, the brother of the Khan of gal suicide, and that deep-rooted Ke1at, the largest native state in Moslem institution, domestic slavery. Baluchistan, sat near the speaker.

These reforms were not merely car- Next to him was one of the wealthi- ried through with characteristic force est wholesale merchants. Other men and efficiency, but they were effected of position and culture were present.

with the most scrupulous considera- The message so took hold of them tion for Af'rican prejudices and that they secured the largest hall in ideals. The impartial distribution of Quetta for Dr. Taylor's next meet- war allowances in Algeria has also ing. One Khan was so impressed done much to consolidate native loy- that he invited the speaker to come alty. The knowledge that the Mo- to his khanate and bring a mission- hammedan wife and widow receives ary with him for permanent work, her allowances on exactly the same offering to give of his means to for- terms as the Frenchwoman has done ward the mission. All this is the much to increase self-respect and more remarkable in that these people intensify the consciousness of suf- are bigoted Mohammedans. Noth- fering for a common cause. ing' of this sort has ever happened before in Baluchistan.

INDIA Record of Christian Work.

Christian Ethics of Non-Christians MANY in India, even though they Salvationists In India are not ready to accept Christ as Master, are ready to acknowledge THE Salvation Army in India had, His ethics as the only hope of social in 1909, 100 European workers salvation. The Indian Social Reform and 2,000 native missionaries in some Advocate, though making no profes- 2,000 villages. In 1918, the number sion of Christianity, had this to say had risen to 280 Europeans and 3,236 Indians at work in 3,059 centers. in a recent article: The Army has imported silkworm "Christ won for humanity by His eggs from China which have given life and His death a deathless ideal- good results in various parts of India. ism combined with mysticism, which has issued in real and practical ac- Its agents have visited some of the tivities in the world of men, transforming it . . . the· very opposite principal silk centers in China, Japan, of the world principle of domination Korea, Manchuria and French Tonof men by men, of exploitation of the quin, and from their investigations weak by the s.trong. . . . It is the are convinced that India could easily disregard of the principles of love become one of the great silk-produc- ing countries of the world. They are working towards a rehabilitation and truth in Christ that has turned of two of India's greatest cottage the world to-day into a huge slaugh- industries,-silk growing and weavter-house. And. . . in the inter- ing. course between man and man, and class and class, and nation and nation Christian Journalism in Western India M it will be the application of the prin- ORE and more, India is be- coming a reading country. Newsciples of Christ which alone can save, help, and advance mankind, and papers have mUltiplied during the bring peace where there is strife, and war, and a broadening interest in life and joy where there are death world affairs has developed among ana s.orrow." all classes. Probably there is no more influential missionary instru- ANew Order in Baluchistan mentality in Western India than the AT the first of a series of evan- Christian newspaper, Dnyanodaya, gelistic meetings held by Dr. which means "Dawn of Knowledge."

It was founded 77 years ago by nearly 1,400 boys on its roll. Rev. American Board missionaries, and al- C. E. Tyndale-Biscoe is the enterthough many other such· journals prising and original head of the have been started and passed into School. His one aim is to train his oblivion, this one has continued and boys to become strong, courageous enlarged its service. The paper has and healthy in body and soul, and it two pages in English and six in was from his observations of. the Marathi, the latter edited by Mr. N. working of this .High School that. Tilak, an eminent patriot and man of General Baden Powell derived his literary attainment. The paper has idea of the Boy Scouts. Last year just entered upon a new career, and both staff and pupils distinguished from January, 1919, five missions, themselves in social service, even prerepresenting four denominations- venting a local food famine, which English, Scotch and American-will profiteering bakers attempted to enunite in its support and control. gineer.

Christianity in a Hindu Setting Most Indian boys are averse to athl~tics, and seldom learn to swim NOT long before his death Mr. except under compulsion. Accord- Howard A. Walter had a long ingly, extra fees are charged to nontalk with a leading Indian Christian, swimmers. Another odd difference one who, more than. most Indian in Indian boys is revealed in one of Christians, is in touch with Moslem the School regulations: "In order to and Hindu leaders, political and stop early marriages, we charge otherwise. This man said he was double fees to every boy who marries constantly surprised to learn how before the age of eighteen." many of these men are admitting that the future of India, religiously, can- The School Crest consists of two not lie with the ancient Vedas, nor paddles, one heart shaped to symbolwith any phase or school of Hindu- ize kindness, the other strength; and ism; but that the one Figure in the crossed to signify· the sacrifice of religious world Who can possibly Him who taught self-sacrifice. serve as a unifying, uplifting, progressive, inspiring· force, around Bible Society Record. Whom all creeds and races can ultimately gather, is Jesus Christ. CHINA One of the men to whom this The Way Open in Tibet Indian Christian probably referredthe editor of The Indian Social Re- THE last obstacle in the way of former-told Mr. Walter that he and missionary entrance t6 Tibet has others of his friends read the New been removed. Officials are inviting Testament every day. He asserted missionaries to come, and the others his belief that the best in all religions put no hindrance in the way. It is to be found in the Christian faith is without doubt the most difficult which, he said, he and his friends field in the world. There will be must interpret in the light of Hindu months and years of unending study rather than of Jewish metaphysic; of an intricate language. There will and he volunteered the suggestion be the cold indifference of centuries that possibly India may evolve a new of passive Buddhism. There will be type of Christianity, possessing an the imbedded suspicion of all for- Oriental character. eigners. There will be the blighting influence of hundreds and thousands Boy SooufB in the Panjab of Buddhist priests. There will be the very instincts of the people them- THE C. M. S. High School at selves for religion, but a religion Srinagar, the capital of Kashmir, without a moral uplift and entirely is a remarkable institution, with without the idea of a divine Saviour. Tibet is a belated nation, without a railroad, without street cars or

NEWS FRO,M MANY LANDS 4~5

electricity, so far as is known even man. His name shall be fubliShed in the without an automobile. Mo good newspapers so that he wi! not be able to roads, no modern cities. Not a find employment elsewhere. church, nor a sCRool, nor a hospital except at Batang on the eastern bor- 3. If a wealthy man be discovered dealder. Everything that stands for ing in opium his name shall be given to progress is yet to be done in Tibet. the elder of his family with the request To those who go, there will be no that he be cast out from the family (one romance, but if they have faith and of the greatest of disgraces) and he shall, vision they can look forward to see- without mercy, be opposed by all as an ing within the next quarter of a cen- alien. tury a host of Christian churches, scattered throughout that land. 4. Landlords shall not rent their houses to opium dealers. If they do they will be Amurlcan "Cnrlos" dealt with as if they were opium dealers themselves. A TABLE set for dinner or a 5. If damage is done to opium dealers , baby's bed and bath scarcely seem and their properties the Chambers of Comlike keys .to the Gospel story, yet merce ,shall refuse to grant compensation. such things prove an effective means of reaching the hearts and minds of More about the Brewer. In ChIna Chinese women. All sorts of foreign articles are used in some mission THE International Reform Bureau station "exhibits," the Chinese wo- has received protests from pracman's native curiosity being made use tically all American mission stations of to bring her within sound of the in China, signed by missionaries and Gospel. native workeJ;s, asking that our De- partment of State proclaim a ruling As the women come in they are that no American shall make or sell welcomed with friendliness and cour- beer in China after national prohibitesy, little addresses are given as they tion goes into effect in the United rest, setting forth the gospel in the States. Through lectures and literasimplest way, the foreign curiosities ture, extensive efforts are also being are explained, invitations to Chris- made to arouse the provinces of tian worship are given out. So con- China, first to prohibit the erection tact is established, and a hope of fu- of breweries and distilleries; and ture opportunities of teaching. second to prohibit the making and selling of all intoxicants. Death to the Opium Syndicate A Valuable Donkey THE Chinese miRd has a direct- ness which merits emulation. In SOME years ago a ClIinese farmer order to insure discouragement of was confronted with the difficult any attempt to reopen the traffic in l'roblem of securing a donkey withopium, so ruggedly dealt with by out any funds. He had a number of the recent burning episode in Shang- children, but no money, and without hai, the following measures were de- the donkey's assistance in cultivating termined upon in the four provinces his bit of land, he could not feed his of Kiangsu, Kiangsi, Chekiang and children. After much seriousthought Hupeb, where it was proposed to re- he concluded that a donkey would commence the sale of opium: serve his purpose more effectively than anyone of his children; and 1. If the opium dealer be a shopkeeper therefore sold a son as a means of all the banks and money shops shall re- 'supporting the others. Not long fuse to have anything to do with him in afterward the son was rescued from money matters so that he will have to a life of slavery and placed in a misclose his shop for lack of funds and sionary institution, and quite recently banking iJacilities. a visiting missionary was addressing the student body of a large Chinese Z. If an employee of a shop deals in school through an interpreter. The opium the shopkeeper shall dismiss the accuracy and alertness of this inter- preter won the admiration of the

speaker and he inquired into the better foundation in Bible training- young man's history. He was none is invariably the result.

other than the boy who had been ex- changed for a donkey, grown into A Study in Church-Going T manhood and beginning a career of OO many American husbands. have to be coaxed by their wives usefulness in his community.

into church attendance, but here is a A Long Wait case where a wife could not drag her "RULLO! I have been waiting husband out of church. The incident twenty years to hear this," said is related by a missionary at Nanking, an old grey-bearded Chinaman to a China. For six years a Christian colporteur in Honan. convert in Gu Yung labored with his "Twenty years ago I bought this three brothers, all gamblers and idol- book," said he, pulling a well-worn ators. 'Finally one brother accepted copy of Dr. Griffith John's "Gate of Christianity, but his wife was infuri- Virtue and Wisdom" from the folds ated, rightly inferring that his con- of his garment, "and I have been version would end her life of lux- waiting ever since to know more .ury. She wept, coaxed and cursed.

about it." The speaker was 84 years Her husband continued to attend old, hale and hearty. He and the church services. At last she pursued colporteur were soon in earnest con- hi~ to the church door, seized him versation, and as he listened, light by the belt, screaming wildly that he came to the old man. He was bap- should not enter. Slipping out of the tized and for over two years endured belt, the undaunted husband took his the persecution of his eldest son, a place in the church, the wife rushing man over 60, whom the old man still after him shrieking curses. Two spoke of as "his little child." Last Bible women quieted her and later year he passed peacefully away, re- took her to dinner, when they ex- joicing in Christ Jesus as his Saviour. plained some of the meaning of Home and Foreign Field. Christianity. The happy ending to the story is that the woman gave her Sunday Rest in Chlna husband no further trouble and now I T is noteworthy that the observ- attends church with him. ance of the Sabbath as a day of New Era Magazine.

rest is gaining ground among the Chinese. Christian employers are "Sleeve Editions" of ChInese Bible Helps showing more willingness to make "SLEEVE editions" of Bible helps such arrangement as will relieve their in Chinese are being prepared workers from Sunday labor, and by Dr. Henry C. Hallock of Shang- the physical blessings of such a day hai. His new books-a brief diction- of rest are beginning to be apparent ary of the Chinese Bible, an abridged to all. Naturally, many difficulties concOrdance and a topical text book present themselves in an endeavor to -will not take the place of larger make Sunday rest applicable in all works, but are to be convenient little cases. Christian boatmen, for in- volumes, about the size of a small stance. cannot insist that those who New Testament, with soft cloth cov- hire their boats give up their jour- ers and printed on thin paper, which ney for a reason quite beyond their can be carried' easily on a journey, understanding, and the only recourse and which will be published at so is a change of occupation for the cheap a price that they will he ob- boatmen. Insistence upon the Fourth tainable by even the poorest. As the Commandment makes entrance to the Chinese use their large sleeves in Church more difficult, and some mis- place of pockets, they are called sionaries deal leniently with it; but "sleeve editions."

where adherence is made a test, a

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

.JAPAN-cIlOSEN all Christian activities-educational, medical, social and evangelistic. 'Creating an Atmosphere for Japanese Some Korean Tithers Visitors THE Haiju Tithing Society of Ko- A NUMBER of Japanese Com- rea is more spiritual than finan- cial, for the emphasis is laid upon , missions are visiting America the spiritual blessings accruing to the to study methods and conditions conscientious tither; A unique char- acteristic of this organization, is that along various lines. These alert visit- it collects no funds for distribution, but allows every man the priVilege of ·ors are .taking note of the forward using his tithe as under God's direc- tion he thinks best. Thus the giver's reconstruction movements in business, direct responsibility to God is im- planted in his thinking, and the soeducational and religious fields, and ciety steers clear of all controversy and eliminates all discussion of how upon their return will become propa- the society's funds are to be dis- tributed to best advantage. Every gandists of the best things they have prominent man, every paid worker seen. American Sunday-school lead- and every leader is in this organiza- tion. ers have not been neglecting this Korea Mission Field. o()pportunity, and have seen to it that ISLANDS OF THE SEA the visitors have come into contact Bibles and Soldiers with Christian business men in each THE Bible in Polynesia is a faccity visited. They have been shown tor in the security and freedom of the world. In a New Zealand the best things in civic life, and paper appeared an account of a parade of Rarotongan troops: Christian homes have been opened "Steadily they marched, in perfect to them. ' step, heads up, knee to knee, and with arms swung in regulation style. Two members of the House of "A sturdy lot, well fed, well Peers have been among these visitors, trained, and well looked after, proud of their uniform, proud of their o()ne of them being Baron Megota and officers, and trebly proud of the servthe other Mr. K. Uchida. Both are ice to which they belong, they seem keenly interested in promoting the to epitomise the influence of ¢e grand old army. World Sunday School Convention "As they jauntily tramp past we in Japan in 1920. notice that each dusky hand clasps, not the accustomed rifle, but a book. Japan and Democracy It is their Bible, for this is church parade." D R. Sherwood Eddy is half way on a journey around the world, It is not the chief end of mission~ holding meetings for students in ary societies to make good soldiers, Japan, China, India and other lands. but when the Bible-trained Rarotong- This affords an excellent opportunity ans were called to help make nations for observing conditions which are free, it was found they were better the outcome of the war in those soldiers than some others, because lands. Japan, says Dr. Eddy, has they were better men. had a development parallel to that of Prussia. Both were expanding nations, both were organized under militarism and upon materialism. But the failure, of German militarism has pointed out the certain failure of Japanese autocratic rule, if persistently maintained; and the increasing liberty of press and speech in Japan proclaims an advance toward democracy. "If America, to which the eyes of the Japanese are turned, can live up to the ideals of brotherhood which she professes. the issue will be decided for democracy and Christianity," writes Dr. Eddy. The great need is for a strengthening of

OBITUARY NOTES education and social betterment. But he was above all a messenger of the Bishop Bashford of Cbina Gospel of Christ.

BISHOP JAMESW.BASHFORD The people of Rabat and the tribes died at a sanitarium near Los for many miles around feel that they Angeles on March 18. Bishop Bash- have lost a beloved friend and minisford was ordained to the Methodist ter by the death of Dr. Kerr. The Episcopal ministry in 1878 and served Khalifa of Rabat wrote of his deep as pastor in various churches until grief over the loss of "our pre- 1889, when he was chosen President cious doctor." Dr. Kerr's son, who is of the Ohio Wesleyan University. also a p.hysician, expects when his Since 1906 Bishop Bashford has war work is completed, to take up been actively engaged in missionary his father's mission. work in China. William Albert Briggs of Slam Rev. W. P. Sprague or ChIna ON February 24, William Albert REV. WILLIAM P. SPRAGUE Briggs, M. D., an honored and of Kalgan, China, died on Feb- efficient missionary of the Presbyruary 9, 1919, at Shortsville, New terian Church and founder of the York. Dr. Sprague went to China Overbrook Hospital at Chiengrai, in 1874, as a missionary of the Amer- Siam, died in the General Hospital ican Board to the Mongols. From of Vancouver, B. C. Dr. Briggs was that work he was transferred to a native of Canada, having been born China, and served a period of in Toronto, March 1, 1867, a son of thirty-five years in helping to extend Dr. William Briggs, the publisher. the Kingdom of God on both sides He retained his British citizenship, of the Great Wall. although his medical training was re- ceived in New York. He was ap- Dr. Robert Kerr or )l01'OlCC0 pointed a foreign missionary under the Presbyterian Board in 1890 and FOR thirty years Robert Kerr assigned to Laos, northern Siam; lived in Morocco as a missionary and in 1897 was commissioned to physician, healing the siq.: and preach- break new ground at Chiengrai, ing the Kingdom of God. When he went to Robat, there was not one characterized by Dr. Arthur J. Christian missionary in central or southern Morocco. Me lived a busy Brown as "one of the most isolated life and healed over 2,000 sufferers stations in the world." The small in the course of his ministry. He and poorly equipped plant with also preached the Gospel faithfully which Dr. Briggs began broadened and wrote much on Morocco and the into the Overbrook Hospital, where Moors. The wild tribesmen of Beni thousands were healed both with Hassan, Zenior, Ziarr and El Arab medicine and the Gospel. During the counted him their friend and often war Dr. Briggs rendered such incrowded into the patio of Dar Zabeeb, valuable aid to his government that listening to his stories and asking the British Consul General in Bangfor his medicine. Moors and Jews kok wrote him a letter of warm apboth consulted him. preciation; and as he lay on his death bed three English Army Offi- Moreover, Dr.Kerr acted as a judge cers invested him with the gold in many disputes and as a peacemaker badge of "Officer of the Most Excelin settling quarrels and incipient wars. lent Order of the British Empire." He insisted on justice and his de- Dr. Briggs lost one of two sons in cisions were accepted as right. Dr. the fighting in France. Mr. S. Ed- Kerr also took an interest in farm- gar Briggs, a brother, is manager of ing, in animal ann bird liff' and in Fleming H. Revell Company.

MISSIONARY LIBRARY'

~ Hudson Taylor and the China Inland liefs and characteristics. This in- Mission. By Dr. and Mrs. How- formation would have given a clear- ard Taylor. Illustrated. 8vo. er picture of the setting in which the 640 pp. 9 shillings. Morgan & missionary work was done, and Scott, London. China Inland would have shown more vividly the Mission, London, Philadelphia obstacles to be overcome. The his- and Toronto 1918. tory is peculiarly a narrative of The first part of Hudson Taylor's God's dealings with Hudson Taylor, with incidents from letters and life, from 1832 to 1860, was pub- diaries to illustrate his trials, his lished a few years ago, and the con- faith, his courage, his spiritual wiscluding and most important part is dom and power, and the many dinow issued thirteen years after his rect answers to prayer. It is un- fortunate that the lack of an index death. It is distinctly -a sermonic and of descriptive chapter headings biography, not a chronicle of events, makes it difficult to find references or a character study. Hudson Tay- to specific incidents and people. lor was an unusual man, with positive character, firm convictions, a The life of Hudson Taylor was an living faith in God and indomitable unusual life, a divine life fulfilling courage and perseverance. a divine mission. No one can read the story of God's dealing with him This history, with its record of and of his faithfulness, without the growth of the China Inland Mis- realizing that here 'is a picture of sion and its manifold lessons, is full what God can do with a truly surof wonderful experiences of an- rendered life. swered prayer, vivid pictures of hardship and suffering and inspiring The Christian Approach to. Islam. evidence of the power of the Spirit By Rev. James L. Barton, D. D. of God. It is a truly extraordinary 8vo. 316 pp. $2.00 net. Pilgrim record, and one from which every Press Boston, 1918. missionary society and every Chris- The problem of the conversion of tian may learn many lessons. No one who reads and believes this Moslems has all but baffled the record of Hudson Taylor'S life can Christian Church. These people have doubt the truth of Christianitv, and so much truth, are so numerous, are the present working of Almighty such aggressive exponents of their God. faith and are so bitterly opposed to apostasy that they have success- From the viewpoint of the reader, fully withstood the advance of the length of the biography is a Christianity in almost every land. drawback. The biographers evi- Dr. Barton is a Christian authority dently labored under the difficulty on the subject of missions to Mosof choosing- from a great wealth of lems. First. he was a missionary material. There is also, in spite of in Turkey and has since been a its excellent literary style, a gen- student of the subject and a most eral sameness in the material efficient Secretary of the American selected and in the method of pres- Board. entation. Comparatively little – is told of the Chinese people among The studies here clearly and ably whom Mr. Taylor's life was spent. presented describe first, the history The work of the Mission and the and extent of Islam as a religion answerea prayers crowd out infor- and a potential power; and second, mation as to Chinese customs, be- 479

Mohammedanism as a religion-Al- facts are given to show Germany's lah, the Koran, its theory and prac- influence in Turkey and her respon- tice and the Moslem sects. The dis- sibility for the massacres. It is not tinctive part of the volume is that an up to date book in its facts and which deals with the "Relation of is of very secondary value except Islam to Christianity" and to mis-· as an expression of an Armenian's sionary work. Here is where "doc- desire for freedom from oppression.

tors sometimes disagree." One Reconstruction in Turkey. Reports school of missionaries believes in compiled for the American Compolemics against Islam, revealing mittee of Armenian and Syrian its errors and evils; the other ad-' Relief. New York. For private vocates seeking points of contact. distribution. Dr. Barton is of the latter schooL These valuable reports by au- The volume is of real value to all thorities on their subjects give an interested in solving the Moham- outline of the history, ethnology medan problem from a Christian and religious conditions in the point of view. The story of mis- Turkish Empire, the social and sions to Moslems is excellent, and economic needs, industries,' the edu- cation, status of women and finances. shows that the problem is much less difficult than formerly. Dr. Barton believes that a new day has dawned Foreign Financial Control in China.

for missions to Moslems, and that By T. W. OverIach. 295 pages.

we must adopt new methods to lead $2.00 net. The Macmillan Com- Moslems to Christ. The volume is pany. New York, 1919.

worthy of very thoughtful study. Books on the Far and Near East are numerous, but the interest of America Save the Near East. By thoughtful men and women in the AbrahamM. Rihbany. 16mo.176 subject has become so great that the pp. $1.00 net. The Pilgrim Press. demand continues unabated. It is 1918. now recognized that in this era of The Syrian pastor of an American close international relationships, the Unitarian Church makes a plea for readjustments in Asia involve prob- the reconstruction of Syria, its de- lems of the first magnitude which liverance from Turkish misrule involve all other nations and particu- through an American protectorate larly America. This and the .four which will rejuvenate that land and succeeding books present various guide the people to enlightened phases of the problem, and each deals self-government. It is a sane appeal, with some important aspect of the but there· are two great difficulties general theme.

in the way of this program-one is Mr. Overlach in his volume on the selfishness and jealousy of Eu- "Foreign Financial Control in ropean nations and the other is the China," writes out of fullness of hesitation of America: to undertake knowledge and clearly indicates the the task. official and other documentary evi- dence upon which he bases his ar- The Tragedy of Armenia. By Ber- gument. He makes a valuable con- tha S. Papazian. 12mo. 164 pp. tribution to the literature on the $1.00 net. The Pilgrim Press. finances of China and the financial Boston. 1918. relations of other countries to it.

A member of the martyred nation He presents an unbiased analysis of here makes a powerful appeal for the financial and political activities her people. It is a tragic and pa- of the six leading powers in China thetic story, the half of which has during the last twenty years, and not been told. The history of the emphasizes the need of international Armenians is briefly traced, some financial co-operation. China and the World War. By W. foreigners of all denominations and Reginald Wheeler. 263 pages. nationalities in Canton, but by the $1.75. The Macmillan Company, Chinese, who almost overwhelmed New York, 1919. her with their tributes of praise and "In China and the World War," honor. The book is largely an ac- W. Reginald Wheeler, who has count of the rise and development of spent three years in China, vividly the educational institution with describes the attack upon China which her life work has been identi- from without during the first year fied, and it gives much: information of the war; the attack from within about this honored missionary during the second year; the progress leader, and about Christian effort in republican government and the to mould and train Chinese girls for new foreign policy; the severance a high type of womanhood.

of diplomatic relations with and the declaration of war against Germany The Riddle of Nearer Asia. By and Austria; the Lansing-Ishi Basel Mathews. 216 pp. $1.25.

agreement between America and George H. Doran Company, New Japan concerning China; the Chi- York, 1919.

nese-Japanese military agreement The value of Basel Mathews'

of 1918; and China's future as af- "The Riddle of Nearer Asia" is tes- fected by the aims of the allied tified to by no less an authority Powers. This is rather a wide field than Viscount Bryce, former British to cover in a small book of only 182 Ambassador at Washington and pages, so that only a bare outline is himself an international authority given; but an additional 74 pp. are of the first rank. He says that the devoted to appendices which give book is admirably calculated to pro- official documents and a bibliography vide the student, who. wishes to un- of a "five foot shelf" of books on derstand the conditions of mission- China. For a fuller discussion of ary work in Southern Asia, with the great subject of Chinese re- essential facts and illuminating lationship to the world war, one views stated in the clearest and would need to go to larger volumes, briefest way, and that seldom does but as a convenient and comprehen- one find so much good matter sive hand-book, this little volume is brought together in so small a com- to be highly commended. pass. This is high praise and the book deserves it. Mr. Mathews A Light in the Land of Sinim. By treats of the social and economic Harriet Newell Noyes. 250 pp. conditions of the Near East, the $1.50. Fleming H. Revell Com- menace of the Turk, and the prob- pany, New York, 1919. lems of reconstruction, and he does "A Light in the Land of Sinim" this in a way which makes his book comes laden with special interest to delightfully readable.

the many friends and admirers of the author, Miss Harriet Newell World Facts and America's Respon- Noyes, who has been for fifty-two sibility. By Cornelius H. Patton.

years a Presbyterian missionary in 236 pages. $1.00. Association Canton, and for forty-five years of Press, New York, 1919.

that period the Principal of True The Rev. Dr. Cornelius H. Patton, Light Seminary, the largest and Secretary of the American Board most influential boarding school for of Commissioners for Foreign Mis- girls in South China. Her semi- sions, brings our study to the prac- centennial of missionary service was tical issue of "America's Responsi- celebrated two years ago with ex- . bility" for ten world facts: the re- traordinary demonstrations of re- naissance of Asia; the decadence of spect and affection not only by the the non-Christian religions; the rapid extension of Christianity; the kaleidoscopic. These stories are fight of the East and the West for naturally impressionistic rather a common cause; the expectation of than scholarly. They are a witness's the East that America will give example and help; the emergence of testimony rather than a judge's ver- America from her isolation; Amer- dict. They will, however, dispel ica and Great Britain in a' fellowship some prejudices and correct some of service; democracy the organ- false impressions. Miss Bryant, an izing principle of the world; the rise American socialist who was in Rusof the new idealism; and the Church sia for six months last year, sees girding herself for her great task. Dr. Patton is one of the able mis- the turmoil and recognizes many ionary leaders of the modern Church, of the dangers, but she does and is familiar with the bearing of not prescribe the remedy. Her the present world situation upon largest contribution is the descripthe churches of America. In this tion of Russian leaders, Madame little book, he has packed argu- Breskowsky, Kerensky, Lenine, ments and appeals which make it Trotzky, and others. She is strongly one of great power. anti-German, but writes with much sympathy for the Soviets and trav- eled from Petrograd to Stockholm The Democratic Movement in Asia. as a Bolshevist courier. Her view By Tyler Dennett. 16mo. 252 of the Russian Church and its priests pp. $1.50. The Ass 0 cia t ion is far from attractive, picturing Press, 1918. drunken, dirty and immoral men These papers which appeared in acting as intermediaries of God. The Russian Church is dead. Will the organ of the American Asiatic there be a resurrection or will a Association, Asia, are filled with new evangelical Church take its most interesting facts in regard to the progress of Asiatic peoples. Mr. place?

Dennett shows clearly what. mis- sionaries have done and are doing In the East Africa War Zone. By for Asiatics and the appreciation in J. H. Briggs. Pamphlet 88 pp.

which missionary work is held by Church Missionary Society, 1918.

the most intelligent Asiatic leaders. A British missionary in German The papers thus form a splendid East Africa describes briefly the apologetic for missions and the country and people and relates the book is especially suitable to place story of the mission and recounts in the hands of business men who the experiences-interesting if may be uninterested in missions rather unpleasant-through which because uninformed as to the fruit~ he and his fellow-workers passed of missions. Mr. Dennett takes up under German hands during the American work in Asia, Education, war. German officials immediately Medical Missions, Women's Eman- put an end to British missionary cipation, Sacial Progress, Church work and "told the native Chris- Unity and Foreign Missions. . tians, especially the teachers, to sev- er their connection with the English Six Red Months in Russia. By Mission by either going over to Louise Bryant. Illustrated. 8vo. Mohammedanism or returning to $2.00 net. George H. Doran Co. heathenism, and to destroy at once New York. 1918. their Bibles, Hymn books, Prayer A newspaper writer's story of Books and other books printed in Russia during these days of revolu- English." They did not however tion is sure. to be stirring and follow this advice. WORLD PROHIBITION FEDERATION (Successor to International Prohibition Confederation.) Founded at London in 1909 for the object of suppressing the harmful traffic in all Intoxicants throughout the world–whether Alcohol, Opium, Hashish, etc.

The operations through its numerous Vice-Presidents cover the majority of the countries of the earth without respect to race or creed.

President, GUY HAYLER, International Electoral Superintendent I. O. G. T., Courtfield, South Norwood Park, London, S.. E., England.

Treasurer, REV. CHAS. SCANLON, LL. D., General Secretary Board of Temperance of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A., Columbia Bank Building, Pittsburg., Pa" U. S. A.

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AJso, send, gratis, literature, etc., to the following persons: Please mention THE MISSIONARY R~IJCW OS' t'ult WORI.D in writing to advertisers Missionary Personals MR. ROBnT P. WI!;DER, who has been for the past few years Director of Religious Worle in the International Committee of the Y. M.C. A., has resigned that position to become General Secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement. He takes the place of MR. F. P. TURNER, who has become Secretary of the Committee of Reference and Council of the Foreign Missions Conference. Mr. Wilder was one of the original founders of the Student Volunteer Movement in North America.

DR. JOHN McDowE!;L of Baltimore *and* D*R. WM. R. KING of St. Louis have been elected as associate secretaries of the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions. Dr. Mc- Dowell will be located with Dr. Marquis in New York, and Dr. King with Dr. Fullerton in the St. Louis office.

REv. CHARLES S. DEMING, Profess*or *in t*he Union Theological Seminary and in the Pierson Memorial Bible School of Seoul, Korea, is in America on furlough.

* .. .. MAJOR STEPHEN V. TROWBRIDGE, who is in charge of relief work in' Palestine for the American Red Cross, has received the rare honor of the Gold Cross of the Holy Sepulchre, in token of the gratitude of the people of Jerusalem. This distinction was also conferred upon General Allenb..y. . … ..

DR. HowAIm Buss, President of the Syrian Protestant College in Beirut, has recently arrived in New York by way of Paris and the Peace Conference. The College of which he is the head remained open throughout the entire period of the war, never . . having less than 650 students, most of them Syrians and Egyptians. ..

PRES. CAMPBlll;L WHITE, having accepted the call to become General Life Service Secretary of the Interchurch World Movement of North America, has resigned as president of Wooster University. * .. ..

. . . Rllv. G. CAMPBllL!; MORGAN, D. D., of London has accepted a professorship in the Bible Teachers' Training School of New York. He expects to spend August in Washington and Northfield, and September in Seattle. Rllv. F. M. NORTH, D. D., corresponding secretary of the Methodist Board of Foreign Missions, after visiting France and Italy, spent a week in North Africa .. .. '" and a short time in Spain. He has now returned to America. MR. CHAO, President of Pei Yang University, Tientsin, one of China's foremost educators, was recently converted to Christianity. Mr. Chao, as the head of a large government school, will exert a wide influence for Christianity throughout all North China. .. * ..

MR. E. C. FAITHFUL, Secretary of fhe South Africa General Mission, is in America .. . . in the interests of the Mission, particularly the plans for enlarged work in Portuguese West Africa.

PANDITA RAMADAI, the famous Indian Christian worker for child widows, has been honored by the Emperor of India with the presentation of the Kaiser-i-Hind gold medal. .. * ..

MR. CHURCHI!;!; H. CUTTING has been elected President of the American Bible Society. Mr. Cutting is a prominent Baptist layman who has· been connected with the .. … … Society for some time.

RJiv. SAMUllL H. WIl;KINSON, Director of the Mildway Mission to the Jews, has gone to Palestine under the auspices of the Soldiers' Christian Association.

.. * * DR. SAMUllL TRAIN DUTTON', an officer of the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief, who has been active in many organizations for human welfare, died on March 28. Dr. Dutton was a trustee of the American College For Girls in Constantinople, and Treasurer since 1908.

* .. * MISS MARY HARDING of Sholapur, India, died on January 4, 1919. She was the daughter and granddaughter of notable missionaries. A sister and brother gave up their lives in service for India, and another sister, Mrs. Charles Burr, is a missionary of Ahmednagar. –

BOOKS ON MISSIONS

The Mastery of the Far East. By The Latest Arthur Judson Brown. 8vo. 671 Missionary Publications pp. $6.00. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1919. Themes for Mission Study, Iglg-ZO Handbook of French and Belgian Christianity and Human Conservation- Protestantism. By Louise Sey- Christian Americanization mour Houghton. 12mo. 245 pp. 75 c. Missionary Education Move- The Missionary Education Movement ment, New York, 1919. Presents these New and Striking Book.: "'''''e Voice of the Nation and Other Verses. By Frank M. Gregg. New Life Currents in China 12mo. 96 pp. 75e. Fleming H. Revell Company, New York, By MARY NINDE CAMEWELL 1918. Owing to the present interest in China, The New Opportunity of the this book comes at an opportune time. in- Church. By Robert E. Speer. forming chapters on public health, general 16mo. 111 pp. 6Oe. The Mac- and medical education, and Christian Mis- Millan Company, New York, sions. Illustrated. 1919. CIGth, 75 centsj paper, SO cents, pestpaid. God Over All. By A. T. Schofield, M. D. 12mo. 1/6. 109 pp. Pick- (Ready) ering & Inglis, London. Foreign Magie Not Dead but Living. By Harring- ton C. Lees. 16mo. 46 pp. 6s. By JEAN CARTER COCHRAN Morgan & Scott, Ltd. London. This volume reveals, in a striking way, the Can A Young Man Trust His Bible. "magic" exercised by Christian doctors and By Arthur Cook. 12mo. 64pp. nurses on the ru-edy population of China. A Is. Pickering & Inglis, London. serious subject, touched with a gentle humor. Artistic binding and illustrations. Prophecy and Authority. By Kem- per Fullerton. 12mo. 213 pp. Cloth, $1.50, postpaid.

$1.50. The MacMillan Company, (R.ady) New York, 1919. Christian Americanization Mexico Under Carranza. By Thom- By DR. CHARLES ALVIN BROOKS as E. Gibbon. 12mo. 270 pp. $l.SO. Doubleday, Page & Co., An outline of the "after-the-war" task that New York, 1919. awaits the Christian forces of our country; the outcome of extensive European investiga- Dr. Elsie Inglis. By Lady Frances tion by a man rarely qualified for his task. Balfour. 12mo. 264 pp. $1.50. Illustrated. George H. Doran Company, New York, 1919. Cloth, 75 centsj paper, 40 cents; postpaid.

Adventures in Alaska. By S. Hall (Ready) Young. 12mo. 181 pp. $1.25. Ministers of Mercy Fleming H. Revell Company, New York, 1919. By DR. JAM.ES H. FRANKLIN The Lincoln Cabin. By Saxe Churc- The stories of ten famous medical mission- hill Stimson. 12mo. 49 pp. aries whose fields were, mainly, in the Far Published by the Author. East. This book is valuable as literature and also as a basis for serious study. Illustrated. League of Nations. By Alfred Owen Crozier. 12mo. 196 pp. Cloth, 75 eentsj paper,50 cebhj postpaid. SOc. L~couver Press Co., New York, 1919. (R••dy Jun. 5) Friends of Ours. By Elizabeth Col- The Honorable Crimson Tree son. 12mo. 86 pp. Missionary Education Movement, New York, By ANITA B. FERRIS 1918. China is well nigh treeless. Try and picture what it must be, else you will not appreciate the courage of a little Chinese lad, who, to save a tiny tree, faced a savage bandit. Seven other fine stories for children. Illustrated.

Cloth, 60 eentsj paper, 40 centsj postpaid.

(Ready) The foregoing books may be ordered from any denominational headquarters, or from tbe MISSIONARY EDUCATION MOVEMENT OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA 1110 Fifth A_nu., N.w York City Do not miss the coming articles in Christianity and Industrial Problems in Japan By J. Merle Davis What the Salvation Army will do with $13,000,000 By Col. William H. Cox Daniel Uhlane-A Trophy from Central Africa By Rev. Donald Fraser The Largest Leper Colony in the World By William M. Danner. Also The Medical Mission Number with articles on Medical Missions in Africa, China, India, Japan and Moslem Lands, and in relation to Evangelism- Home Life- Child Life- Leprosy Plague and Famine–Rockefeller Foundation and The World Sunday School Number with articles on The Sunday School in Many Lands; The Re- lation of Sunday Schools to Evangelization-Home Life–The Development of the lNative Church-Christian Literature- Training of Leaders. The Tokyo Convention.

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Have You WHEN you plan your vacation be sure it includes a Consulted Summer Conference. It will be a real joy and inspiratio the List of and will not only help you, but will benefit those with whom you will work nertyear. SUMMER CONFERENCES Let us tell you how you can earn part or all of your. ex- penses to attend a Summer School of Missions~ In This Issue 7 Write today to: page iv . MISS WILMA DI1NTZE Missionary Review Publishing Co.

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The Old Corner Boo" Store, Ine., 27 BloomfielCl St.. Booton. OPPORTUNITY To the PROTESTANT CHURCHES of America Has Come a GREAT MISSIONARY OPPORTUNITY With the Signing of the Armistice There are 50,000,000 people to be reached through the French Protestants in their Foreign Missionary Work.

French Missionary Societies alone are qualified, under present conditions, to occupy some of the world's most needy fields, the French Colonies. In Asia, there is the whole of French Indo-China, with 20,000,000 inhabitan.ts. In Africa, are French Guinea, the Ivory Coast, Dahomey, the greater part of the French Congo, itself nearly three times as large as France, and above all, the Sudan,' where the final conflict between the Crescent and the Cross is to be decided. The African Colonies contain 30;000,000 inhabitants.

There are 20,000,000 Frenchmen in France who are not vitally connected with any religious organization.

"Since the war,"- says Chaplain Daniel Couve, "these 20,000,000 have been moved,to a greater respect for and interest in religion. The great need of France is to make French Christianity more democratic, and French Democracy more Christian. Protestantism, through its history and tradition, is peculiarly fitted for the task, and its great opportunity lies in the openness of the people to religious appeal."

Protestants ought to seize this opportunity or others will The financial purden on Protestants of Stricken France is so heavy that Protestantism in the devastated areas is in danger of being wiped out.

Do you want this field to be lost to Protestantism? You know the consequences if it is.

Do you want to lose the great opportunity in Foreign Missionary Work?

$3,000,000 Needed at Once An Int~ational and· Interdenominational Committee, sUpported by every Protestant Denomination in the United States, supporting every Protestant organization in France and Belgium, has been formed with headquarters at 289 Fourth Ave., New York.

GEORGE O. TAMBLYN, Director CHARLES S. WARD, Advisor ALFRED R. KIMBALL, Treasurer You will help deCide whether France shall be Protestant or not by a contribution. . I· Make a Memorial Day Gift. LATEST BOOKS ON MISSIONS ,$ , w. CHRISTINA FORSVTHOF FINCOLAND By p~ Livingsto'lte _0. AUthor of "Mary …..or .'·C……..r,.. Awa,y. off in Fingoland, down in the f~r, S()uth-Eastern Africa, Christina Forsyth, or "Smoyana,"

as shE! was adoringly called by the'Kaffirs, gave thirty years of her life t() work among one of the Wildest and most treacherous tribes in the dark continent. Like Mary Sle880r of Calabar, ~'Smoyana" lived a life of. superhuman self-sacrifice-a life of romance and tragedy. Mr. Liv- Ingstone's story of the "Ma of the Kraals," as the Fingos called Christina Forsyth, will be counted among the most fascinating annals ()f missi()nary biography. Such a wonderful example of supreme devotion to the cause of missions will be sure to awaken an answering response in thousands of hearts. . ., . 12mo. Net,$1.50 FOREleN MACIC By Jean Carter Cochran ~ere is a book whict throws an intensely vivid light upon the inter-rela:tions of resident'Amer- 1ca':ls and the people of China. The author's delicate vignettes of Chinese life reveal to us cur~ously drll;matic pictures. of the magic wrought by American physicians upon the minds and ~041es of their Chinese patients. It is across"seetion of Oriental life of today, told with delica~e Insight and sympathy, revealing to us the strength, weakness and possibilities of this awakening giant among the nations. 12mo. Net, $1.50 DR. ELSIE INCLIS , By La.dy Fra.nces Ballour In the annals of glorious, unselfish wartime service, the name of Elsie Inglis, nurse, doctor and hospital executive, will be blazoned among the heroines of the world. 12mo.. Net, $1.50 THE RIDbLE OF NEARER ASIA By Basil Mathews, with a Foreword by Viscount Bryce This book admirably supplies the student of missionary conditions in Western Asia with the 12m~. Net, $1.25 essential facts regarding the problems of the Near East..

MARY SLESSOR OF CALABAR By W. P. Livingstone The enthusiasm universally awakened by this great missionary biography marks it as a classic. "Not since David Livingstone has such a biography appeared."-Word and Way. "Mary Slessor's life stands alone in the annals of heroic women."-Dr. J. T. Faris. avo. Net. $1.50 THEWHITEQUEENOF OKOYONQ By W. P. Livingstone The stol."Y of Mary Slessor retold lor young people. A thrilling, fascinating narrative of a wonderful woman and her wonderful work in Africa. 12mo. Net. $1.00 TH1NKINC BLACK By D. Crawford, F.R.G.S.

This most·amazingly original and picturesque recital of missionary life and adventure in Central Africa has taken its place in the annals of missionary work and sacrifice. 8vo. Net, $2.50 OUTLINES OF MISSIOJItA1tYHIS'tORY By Allred DeWitt Mason, D. D.

The very best single volume hand-book of missionaTy activity trom earliest times to the present day. . /. . 12mo. Net, $1.50 LETTERS FROM MY HOME IN, INDIA· By Mrs. George Churchill Cheerful, intimate letters filled with the glorious faith and courage of the ideal· missionary. extending over a period of nearly fifty ~~ars. 11iimo. 'Net, $1.25 ·OUT OF THE SHADOW By Rose Cohen The vivid autobiography of a Russian girl emigraqt. "ThIs book offers the truest, most wise, 'reticent and absolute condemnation of child labor I ever read. . It should be read by every lover of democracy in the country."-Lifll and Labor..· . 8vo. Net, $2.00 GEORGE H~ 'DORAN COMPANY, Publishers,· New York p ub 1 i • he. • I n A me. i c a I o. It 0 b D E R &: S T 6 U G-H TON tt·

The Missionary Review of the World — September 1918

Progress of Korean

111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111~ I I ~:!~:.s,,~o~~~~~~ =§ i=-:==::: For Use in Church Calendars and Missionary Meetings. =-E;=: :: (Selected from THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE 'WORLD for September.) ;: –:: 1. The Christian natives of the islands of Aniwa in the New Hebrides which was –;: Dr. John G. Paton's special field, not only pay the salaries of all their teachers :: but contribute regularly for the mission hospitals and other obi ects outside the :: .:: islands. (See page 651.) :–: –:: 2. The heathen population of the New Hebrides is steadily decreasing; the Christian population is actually increasing in many places. The death rate decreases with :: :: the advance of Christianity in any section. (See page 651.) :: :: 3. The John D. Wells School in Seoul is one of the missionary institutions giving to :: their students valuable training in Korean industries and at the same time assist- -:: ing the boys in the expenses of their education. (See page 675.) -:: :: 4. Paraguay, a country nearly as large as Spain, and with a percentage of illiteracy :: –=:: of over sixty. is practically without any organized missionary work. It deserves to be called "the neglected land of the Neglected Continent." (See page 681.) -=-:: :: 5. With every Oriental woman student in America the Young Women's Christian Asso- :: :: ciation maintains friendly relations, through visits from a special secretary, invi- :: :: tations to summer conferences, and in other ways. (See page 695.) –:: -is 6. In the twelve cities in China where Sherwood Eddy recently held his remarkable series of meetings, large bodies of Chinese Christians had been prepared to do :: -:: personal work, and the selected non-Christians who were brought to the meetings :: and there signed decision cards are now being trained in Bible classes for church :: :: membership. (See page 671.) :: §:: :: ~ 5 i: 7. Churches representing ten different Presbyterian bodies at work in China have § ~~i~isdh t~n~t~~~~ic~~e goe~:;:ia~~~~lb~s:i;nsC~i;ea, t~n~ak:P~h~i~t~l~ce: ~g~ ~ § -:: organization. –:: 8. One of the most remarkable instances of Christian internationalism which the war :: :: S:: has produced is the sending of a deputation to the Allied Armies at various :: § points in Europe by the Young Men's Christian Association of Japan. =:: .= 9. The present King of Siam is disregarding the guarantees of religious liberty estab- =:: lished by the late King, his father, and in many ways is promoting Buddhism. In :: both Siam and Ceylon Buddhism is now being emphasized as the national, and :: -:: Christianity as a foreign, religion. -:: =§- =is 10. About 400 camp pastors, representing the leading Protestant denominat!ons and serving in the various training camps throughout the country, are rendenng va.Ju- :: able service in connecting the men in camps with the churches in the surroundmg –:: communities. –:: :: 11. Though the total membership of the Christian Church of all branches in Japan is :: :: only about 300,~half of them being Protestants-a Japanese educator has ex- :: :: -=:: pressed the opinion that there are in all Japan 1,000,000 people who follow –=:=: Christ in their hearts. -= :: 12. The Salvation Army in Germany and Austria has been wil?ed out by an or?er. of :: the Kaiser, all the real estate and other property belon~m~ to the or~alll~ation :: :: =-=:: -==:: having been confiscated months ago. Over 100,000 SalvatlOllIsts are fighting In the Allied armies.

5111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111"" 1I11111111111r.: • HAWAI I • ~ I ~ It'~PHZ ll:", "", U The e w rE a Women in Asia A MAP OF THE CONTENTS <t) for ~o OUR VIEW OF THE WOJU,.D IN THLS NUMBER e.·(ff.~'Wh"'~ =>."'C""" _'~2.'…•• LEADINC .urna.u AND EDITOIUALS 0.. I AU INDICATED av TTTlLS in China's Crisis THE "UIlBElt OF ptEWS I'TEMS AUST~rAI'" ON EACH COUN11tY IS lHDlCATED 1- . Z!:AL,a.NQ ay AaAJIC MUMDlALS 1530 The New Hebrides Since John G. Paton

W. T. GUNN ITINERATING IN THE NEW

The missionary and his helpers are passing a very dangerous mountain path

MISSIONARY

EVIEW~ VOL. September, 1918 NUMBER NINE XLI.

SIGNS OF THE TIMES THE NEW ERA FOR WOMEN IN ASIA T HE emancipation of women in the Orient is progressing rapidly. From being the slave or the plaything of man, kept in seclusion and in ignorance in many lands, woman is throwing aside the veil, is coming out of the zenana, is entering school and college, and is taking her part in civic life. The Christian missionaries are directly responsible for this awakening. They first inspired and directed it. Today there are colleges, as well as schools, for women in India, in China, and now in Japan. These are being mothered by the Christian women in America and are destined to playa large part in the development of Asia.

The "roman's Christian College was opened in Tokyo, Jap;:tn, last April, and was marked by impressive exercises. Before the hour set, all space reserved for friends and visitors was packed, and only the central section of the hall was left vacant for the student body. "A thrill went through the audience," writes Rev. A. K. Reischauer, "when, accompanied by music, the first class admitted to this new institution came in double file and took their assigned places. To many, who during the past seven or eight years had prayed and worked for the establishment of this college, this seemed like an epochal event, for the bright and earnest faces of these 84 young women looked like the dawn of a new era in Japanese life and civilization."

President Nitobe, who read the Imperial Rescript on Education, afterward made the main address of the day. He pointed out the great need of an institution of this sort which intends to place such great stress upon an education that develops in the student broad sympathies and real strength of character. He showed how Japanese education is lacking in these fundamental qualities and outlined the grade and scope of the work which the college is undertaking.

It is already becoming clear that the new institution will naturally draw very heavily from the best families in all parts of the land who want to give their daughters the advantages of a higher education, but who are anxious to have them in the safe atmosphere of a Christian college while they are away from home.

The college begins with 84 students, all enrolled in the preparatory year. Students from Girls' High Schools who applied for admission,.

were found to be not as uniform in their educational qualifications as they should be, so that one task of the college will be to equalize things as much as possible. The courses are the following: Liberal Arts, Japanese Language and Literature, English Language and Literature, and Business, including Social Service. After the school gets into permanent quarters it is expected that several other courses will be added, especially courses in Household Science, P~re Science, and Kin- dergarten Training. .

The Japanese feel that what America and Canada have done in establishing this new institution is a real challenge which calls them to help support the movement. It is hoped that the permanent site for'

the school will be given by them, and as the school grows in influence it ought not be difficult to have it financed more and more by Japanese donors. A college of this nature will be a tremendous factor in bringing in the new era of woman, the era of Ohristian womanhood, dominated by a spirit of service and sacrifice.

THE SOCIA'L PROGRESS OF KOREAN WOMEN SOCIAL problems are presented by the modernization of women in the Orient. In Ohosen even ten years ago the women, while not enslaved or entirely secluded, were domestic and separate from men. They kept much at home and when on the street wore picturesque green silk coats over their heads. In the Christian churches a partition separated them from the men and only Christian girls received any education.

With the coming of the Japanese, a great change has taken place. Japanese women in Seoul number over 32,000. Women have acquired new legal rights in the courts, including ownership of property and permitting divorce; they walk freely in the streets with uncovered heads; they mingle with men in the streets, trains, shops and theaters. Many churches now do not have a partition and some have mixed choirs. There is a spirit of freedom in the air which too often develops into license. Women are seeking an education and are entering into business and public life. One sphere which they have entered to great advantage is that of medicine and nursing. Many have been graduated as trained nurses and recently three fully qualified Korean women physicians were graduated in Seoul.

These changes in the social status and public life of women have

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

created problems which the missionaries must help to solve. The gospel of Ohrist, while it brings liberty, also brings new life and higher ideals with power to direct the new found freedom. Women, under Ohristian directions are learning how to care for and train their children, how to care for the sick and how to inspire men to higher ideals and service. But the need is much greater than the opportunity. Every school and hospital, says Mrs. Appenzeller, in the Korea Mission Field} is turning women away and the church classes cannot care for the many who seek to know a better way of life. Not one Korean woman in ten has any help in adjusting her mind and her habits to these new conditions and opportunities.. Poverty is bringing new temptations to many and the new openings in the industrial world are very attractive. The tobacco factory is the largest in Seoul and employs several hundred women and little children many of whom work for seven cents a day. The tragic results of child labor are already evident in crooked bodies and spiritless movements. Women are also employed in government printing works, and in Imperial cotton and silk mills. Japanese women are further advanced than the Koreans and many are forewomen in factories, ticket sellers on railways, telephone operators and shop girls.

The Ohristians in the Orient, both foreign and native, should study the problems connected with this new entrance of women into public and industrial' life. The native churches may accomplish much by evincing an interest in toilers and in the application of Ohristian principles to their lives. Two foreign women are devoting their time to work among the Japanese working women. Ohristian social work should be conducted among industrial women in Korea if they are to be protected from evil and trained in the Ohristian life.

INTERNATIONAL OHRISTIAN FOROES I NTERDENOMINATIONAL co-operation is growing in America and Great Britain through the Federal Oouncil of Ohurches and other inter-church movements. International Ohristian co-operation has also been fostered by the 'World Missionary Oonference, the Young Men's and Young Women's Christian Associations, the World's Society of Christian Endeavor and other organizations.

The war is bringing Christians together in unusual ways, as, for example, in sending a deputation to the Allied Forces in Europe from the Young Men's Christian Association of Japan. Ambassador Morris, speaking at a mass meeting in Tokyo, said: "The Japanese Y. M. C. A. Deputation to the European front is almost as significant as the first mission sent to the West by the Tokugawa Government over fifty'years ago. By that mission Ja:pan signified her intention to end her isolation and join the western peoples in their forward march. Today, I believe this Deputation means that you are resolved to take your place along-

side the men of the West in standing for brotherhood and fair play and international law and righteousness."

CHUBCH UNION IN CHINA M ANY Chinese desire a national Christian Church, based on faith in Jesus Christ and without any emphasis on particular forms of government, worship or minor points of theology. A step was taken in this direction when on April 16th a Provisional General Assembly of the Presbyterian Ohurch in Ohina was organized in Nanking. One organic church was thus formed out of the churches pstablished by ten missionary bodies, namely, Presbyterian U. S. A., Presbyterian South, Dutch Reformed and German Beformed, from the United States; English, two Scotch and Irish Presbyterian from Great Britain; Canadian Presbyterian and New Zealand Presbyterian.

The Federal Council has also adopted resolutions favoPing union with the churches of the London Mission and the American Board, both Congregational bodies. Delegates from these churches were heartily welcomed by the Oouncil. There was some discussion of a creedal statement, but it was finally decided to continue as under the Federal Council, that is, each body working under its original symbols until the adoptIon of a statement by the regularly constituted Assembly.

The missionary spirit of the Ohinese Church is well illustrated in the adoption of the following resolution: "On the occasion of the formation of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church of Ohina, we yvould recognize the most important task before the Ohurch to be the wider propagation of the gospel to meet the tremendous needs of vast areas of unreached fields. 'Ve, therefore, as one of the first acts of this General Assembly, appoint a committee of five to define the functions and draw up a constitution for a board of home missions, and to present the same to the presbyteries at the next General Assembly for ra tification."

WAR-TIME MISSIONARY DE:fANDS THE' Director of one of the largest Bible training schools in the United States writes in The Sunday-School Times: "The mis- sion fields and the mission boards are calling as never before for men and women versed in the Scriptures and trained for the work of the mission fields. Recruits are wanted at once in large numbers to hold the lines of missionary advance steady while the battle for democracy is fought out in Europe. There is every indication that the cessation ~f hostilities will bring a greater eagerness of interest and a new receptivity of mind on. the part of the non-Christian nations. Unprecedented calls are being made on the Institute by European, Oanadian and American boards for men and women for the mission fields."

®EDITORIAL OOMMlENT:® s'i 'D, … )": ifirij. ·du-u ,U'UU

~ ttUiJ •• 'UVI" WU'"

UNIVERSAL RELIGIOUS LIBERTY.

BEFORE the war began, the problem of the meaning and extent of the principle of religious liberty was a living problem, with many elements of possible danger in it. It had developed interesting phases in Korea and Siam. In Korea the guarantee of liberty in the constitution of Japan was held to apply, but it was not given the same interpretation as in Japan. In Japan religions were allowed a freedom in the use of educational agencies denied to them in Korea. It was argued, however, that this was not an abridgment of religious freedom, as the limitations upon education in Korea were imposed on all forms of education by whomsoever conducted, and it was maintained by the Japanese government that religious belief and the propagation of religious belief, subject only to the police power of the State, were absolutely free.

In Siam there were no constitutional guarantees of religious liberty. There was and is indeed no constitution, nor any legislature to form one. The State is an absolute monarchy and the will of the King is law. The late King, however, the father of the present King, explicitly guaranteed to his people both in north and south Siam complete freedom of religion and laid on them no implication of disloyalty in case they embraced Christianity.

The present King renewed these assurances when as Crown Prince he visited America, and at the time of his accession· his Minister of Foreign Affairs, replying to a letter of congratulation addressed to the King by the foreign missionaries in Siam, wrote: "His Majesty desires me to express his sincere thanks for your good wishes and to assure you that, mindful of the excellent work performed by the American missionaries for the enlightenment of the people of this country, he will not fail to follow in the footsteps of his Royal predecessor in affording every encouragment to them in the pursuit of their praiseworthy task."

Already before the war there were signs that these gu~rantees were in danger. The King was reversing the policy of his father in many regardS. He decreed the substitution of the Buddhist era for the Gregorian which his father had adopted. In describing the moral instruction which is to be the basis of all teaching in the primary schools and which is to train the scholar "to be honest and truthful in all ways, to be able to appreciate his duty and responsibility to others, to be brave, but respectful and considerate; to understand his obligations to his parents, to his teachers, and to those in authority; to be patriotic, an~ to understand his duties to the state, not to be wasteful and extravagant, to be moderate, to be industrious, careful and diligent, that the

time spent in school be not wasted," the Ministry of Public Instruction specifies that "the subjects should be taught by instilling into the scholar the precepts of the Buddhist faith." In the public schools, in the poli,ce stations, in the army barracks, even by the keepers in public institutions like the insane asylum, there are regular Buddhist chants and prayers. The vow taken by the Wild Tigers, a sort of adult Boy Scout organization, contains a declaration of faith in Buddhism. In many powerful and pervasive institutional ways the King is pressing the Buddhist religion into the service of nationalism, not in impersonal, institutional ways alone, but by earnest and emphatic direct teaching. Both in speeches and in published articles he appeals to the people to realize that Buddhism is the national and ancestral religion, that the Siamese people should adhere to it steadfastly and practice it faithfully.

Absolute religious toleration and freedom has heretofore been a worthy boast of Siam. The imposition of religious tests as a condition of royal favor or of membership in the Wild Tigers or of holding office would make such a boast no longer possible, and would set Siam in the class of the small number of religiously intolerant states. Even in Turkey and Persia it has been possible for Christians to hold office and religious tests were abandoned in progressive states years ago. But in Siam a constraintwhich is in danger of becomingpersecution, hasalready fallen upon some Christians, and it is understood and openly stated in many places that the King is opposed to the acceptance of Christianity by his subjects, and that he desires instead to see his people zealous in the practice of Buddhism. The result is that men convinced of the truth of Christianity are influenced to dissemble, and that other men, unconvinced, or wholly indifferent with regard to Buddhism, are led to feign a faith which is insincere. Is this wise? Is it not certain to undermine the very sincerity of national character which the King desires to produce? Would it not be far better to set men's minds free, to bid them seek the truth everywhere, and having found it, freely to live by it? The King is earnest in bidding the people not to be led into false imitation of foreign ways. With equal earnestness he bids them unquestioningly to imitate their own past. Would he not do better to bid them to seek and to imitate what is true wherever it is found, to accept nothing because it is Siamese or foreign, but only because it is true, and to reject what they do reject only because it is false? He wants to make a free and honest nation. He can only do it out of free and honest men.

The war has raised these issues in new and unexpected forms. The state has come to a new self·assertion and is subordinating all other influences and agencies to its own ends. This was the deliberately adopted theory of Germany, and in the effort to overthrow the theory other states have come perilously near to adopting it. In the process religion has had to face the danger of being made subservient to what

EDITORIAL COMMENT

the state deemed its interest. Rome persecuted and sought to destroy Christianity, because it believed it to be at variance with the state interest. It knew nothing of the principles of religious liberty when the religion was one which it disapproved. If modern theories of. the state become dominant with which Christianity is at variance, can Christianity hope for a continuance of the principle of religious freedom?

This is no speculative inquiry. Already we are meeting with new interpretations of liberty which challenge the rights heretofore accorded to religion.. It is held that the Jewish nation disintegrated because of the conflict between the prophets and the kings, and because of the weakness of the kings in not silencing men who in the name of righteousness were really undermining the authority of the political power. Unless religion is willing to serve and support the State, some men are asking if it must not be bridled and held in check.

The missionary enterprise seems likely to have to face such questions in many lands. It has already been proposed in India that only state licensed missions should be allowed to operate and that preachers as well as doctors must be officially registered. The missions of some nationalities may be excluded altogether. The abrogation of the Capitulations in Turkey, though not recognized by the Allies, leaves other religions without any protection from Islam. There never was religious libert.y in Turkey, but some of the makeshifts which served as substitutes are gone wholly now with the Capitulations.

The very terms of the phrase "religious liberty" are no longer fixed. What is t.he "religion" which is to be allowed freedom? Is it to be merely the speculation of men about another life or about the origin and end of the universe, or is it. to be the body of moral ideals and sanctions which are to govern the present relations of men and nat.ions? "Religion can be free," some say, "as long as it does not concern itself with the affairs of t.he state, but if it interferes with the nation at war Ol' disturbs politics in peace it must. have bounds set for it." So religion is no longer free save as the state may define in what sense it may function as religion in life.

And the term "liberty" is not fixed. Does it mean freedom to believe, or freedom to propagate belief, or freedom both to believe and to propagrate belief and also to use any means of propagation its teachers may desire? That the state mayor must exercise some police functions is not disputed even in America, where religious liberty is genuinely real. In Japan and Korea this police supervision is quite minute, and it seems possible that it will be more so' in all lands after the war. How obstructive it may be will depend on the moral sentiment of the people toward the ethical fruitage of any religion which may be involved. A monogamist people will not allow, for the sake of their state, the propagation of a polygamous religion. It must be recognized that a polygamous people may have a similar policy toward a monogamous religion. It may be that the principle of reli- 648 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD [September gious liberty allow;s too much to such an influence, but we need to see the matter from other standpoints than our own.

The whole problem is likely to be complicated still more by the relations of the state to education. Germany is what she is by reason of the education of the past generation. All nations see now what an engine of power education is,and if they do not seek to control it themselves they may still desire to limit it so that its effects will be compatible with state interests. Religion, and especially the Christian religion, has always depended upon schools and felt that the maintenance of schools was essential to its life. Will our conception of religious liberty abridge the edocational freedom of the Christian Church?

The world is facing many new problems and this is by no means one of the least. Is there any clear solution of it? Not by casuistry and subtle argumentation, but as a nation which believes in freedom we have a principle which will guide us. We know that democracy is imperfect, but we believe that the cure for the imperfection of democracy is more democracy, more responsibility laid on common men and the growth of common men in duty doing and in the knowledge of truth, that they may be fitted to bear more responsibility. And likewise the remedy for the evils of liberty is more liberty, provided it is liberty to know all the truth of God and of His world. If truth cannot prevail by its own power it cannot be made to prevail by any other power. The ending of the war and the principles of the new world order should include the recognition everywhere and in all nations of the right of full religious freedom–of freedom to believe and freedom to preach what we believe in accordance with the righteous mOI'al law of the universe.

PRAYING VERSUS PROFANITY?

I s it worth while to pray? This question admits of but one answer to those who believe in God as revealed in Jesus Christ. There is danger, however, lest many men and women, feeling the danger for themselves and their loved ones in the present crisis, shall attach some superstitious value to formal prayer without reference to the conditions on which we have a right to expect answers to prayer.

Last month we called attention to the daily public summons to prayer in Washington and other places. Now we read that in response to a request signed by every religious organization in the city, the Federation of Woman's Clubs, the Christian Associations, the Woman's Christian Temperance Union and the Boy Scouts, the mayor of Oklahoma City has ordered that at nine o'clock each night the great siren of the Oklahoma Gas and Electric Company shall sound a signal for community prayer for the soldiers and for victory. It is urged that everyone engage in silent or audible prayer for a short time. This, and similar movements, are an indication of the trend of thought throughout the country. The people are awakening to the need of divine help in this crisis.

But while the people are calling on God in prayer at home, the almost universal custom of taking God's name in vain prevails in the Army and Navy. The testimony from everyone who has joined our fighting forces is that profanity and abscenity prevail. A .young man who attended a training camp last summer reports that the officer in charge of the bayonet drill urged the young men to profanity, saying: "Come on, boys, let me hear you swear. Give it to the Hun up to the hilt." No doubt the profanity is for the most part thoughtless, but it is profanity none the less and the God to whom men pray declares that He "will not hold him guiltless that taketh His name in vain."

Thousands call on God at home for help while a million men, for whom we pray, profanely use His name in vain in the Army and Navy. Have British and Americans a right to expect that under these condi- tions their prayers will be answered by the God whose name is so blasphemed? It is time that a great crusade be started against pro- . fanity and abscenity among the men who are so bravely and unselfishly giving their lives to promote the cause of liberty and justice.

ATTENTION TO SOCIAL MORALITY M ORE attention has been given to the question of social morality during the present war than ever before—and there is need of it. War lets loose the human passions and ordinary restraints, and there is need that special study be made and special precautions taken against laxity and general license. The prohibition movement, and "zone') system around camps are preventive steps in the right direction, but much more is needed to educate men and women and to lead them to right ideals and right relations, to God and man.

Last June a "Social Morality Conference" was held at the headquarters of the National Board of Young Women's Associations in New York, when women physicians, teachers, deans of women and others officially connected with the Social Hygiene movement, assembled to discuss moral problems connected with the war. Lectures for women were begun several months ago under the direction of the War Work; Council of the Y. W. C. A., and Dr. Anna L. Brown has been continued by the government as the head of the lecture bureau which has now forty-five lecturers, all but two of whom are physicians. Seventy-five more are on call in case of need.

The patriotic appeal is strong, but it is not sufficient; scientific facts are a warning but not sufficient; the religious motive and obli~ gation to God form a better basis on which to build stronger character. There is, in fact, no hope for social morality apart from a right relationship to God and obedience to His laws. This includes a reverence for His name and acceptance of His Son.

NEW HEBRIDES HEATHEN ON SPIRITO SANTO

BY DR. W. T. GUNN, L.R.C.P., ANEITYUM, FUTUNA, NEW HEBRIDES T HF) New Hebrides Mission attained its greatest prosperity about fifteen years ago. The missionaries were then more numerous; the interest of the religious public was at its height and the outlook was brightest.

All the islands were occupied, the three in the Northeast being under the Anglican "Melanesian Mission."

About twenty of the smaller and middle islands were nominally Christian; there was a large Christian community in West Santo; the Gospel was spreading, and churches were being formed at other stations ,in Santo, and Malekula.

Five Presbyterian missionaries had just been added, and the staff, now numbering twenty-eight, besides three assistants, and one trained nurse, was the largest in its history. There were six medical missionaries.

A general mission hospital had for some years been open in Ambrim and there were smaller hospitals and dispensaries in other islands..

A Training Institution was beginning to send out trained teachers and those prepared by their own missionaries in the Christian islands numbered nearly 300.

Two native pastors were laboring faithfully in the southern islands of Aneityum and Futuna.

The Presbyterian church members numbered about 4,000 and from 13,000 to 16,000 were attending services.

Translations of scripture were printed in about 30 languages of the 50 in the group. These included the whole Bible in the language of Aneityum (pub- J,ished in 1880), the composite Efate-Nguna-Tongoan Bible was near completion and the New Testament, in one of the languages of Tanna, the language of Aniwa, and that of Erromanga was in the press.

But the majority of the natives of Ambrim and the two largest islands, Malekula and -Santo, were still in heathenism, and the difficult islands under the Melanesian Mission presented only a few outward signs of Christian progress.

The difficulties encountered by the Mission had reached a critical stage. They had been operating with increasing strength for years. The French were straining every effort to obtain the islands, and were supplying the natives with alcohol, fire-arms and ammunition, to induce them to part with their land. They were using iniquitous and cruel means (of which the British were sometimes guilty also) for obtaining native laborers, resulting in frequent murders of white and native recruiters. The British Deputy Commissioner, for three years in the islands, failed to bring about any improvement, for he had not been invested by the home authorities with powers to meet the necessities of the islands. Some better remedy was wanted.

In 1907, the Condominium was inaugurated at Vila, thenceforth the capital of the group, and friends of missions fondly hoped that the representatives of Britain and France would work amicably and effec-

tively together to ameliorate tIle condition of the native race, and check further abuses. They have done neither. Instead of that, many of those abuses became intensified and were practically legalized,for the laws against them were not sufficiently enforced. The different courts are too numerous, and British and French are tried on unequal terms.

Penalties are remitted, and fines rarely collected by the French, whereas penalties imposed on Brit· ish are carried out. Flagrant breaches of law have frequently been treated lightly by the French.

Illegal recruiting continues. AI· cohol is given in greater quantities than before. Christian natives and teachers have repeatedly beenar· rested and imprisoned for varying periods for no special crime, except that of expostulating against French methods. These and other grievances have been reported in great numbers; few have been rem· edied, and they still continue. Lim· ited space prevents my giving ex· amples, but these may be found in E. Jacomb's "New Hebrides and the Condominium," a pamphlet by Rev.

F'. L. Paton on the "Slave Trade in the New Hebrides," and in the chap· tel' on "Britain and France in the New Hebrides-the Condominium,"

in "The Gospel in Futuna" (1914), by the writer, and the "Appeal to the Churches," in the appendix- the recent literature on the New Hebrides.

Nevertheless, Christianity ad· vanced so far, that soon afterward the number of missionaries began to be reduced. For some time past one A NEW HEBRIDIDS IDOL missionary had been found suffi· cient to supply the spiritual needs of Aneityum and Futuna. In 1910, the three missionaries of Tanna were reduced to two. .

Two of the Presbyterian Churches, the Canadian and United Free Church of Scotland, announced their intention of withdrawing from the New Hebrides when their own missionaries would retire. Conse·

A HEATHRN FAMILY IN AMBRIM, NEW HEBRIDES

A Woman's but-about 4 feet, 6 In ches In beight·

quently in 1912, a rearrangment of stations was made. It was agreed that the New Zealand Church should increase her staff in Ambrim; the Victorian Church should send a clerical missionary to Vila, in addi- tion to the Medical Missionary in the Paton Memorial Hospital; and the New South Wales Church should take charge of West and South Santo. The John G. Paton Committee undertook the charge of Anei- tyum, Futuna and Erromanga, when the present missionaries would retire.

But within six months a great volcanic outburst blew up the whole mission station, occupied by Dr. Bowie, in Ambrim; and its site is now an arm of the sea, adjoined by appalling desolation. The building of a new hospital on another site has been postponed, and the island is meanwhile superintended by Mr. Frater of Paama. Two other sta· tions were vacated through ill health. The veteran missionaries of Fila and Erromanga died, and with the resignation of Dr. Annand, the third missionary under the Canadian Church, that church was no longer represented in the group, and retired from the New Hebrides. After,war was declared, three missionaries went to the front, thus vacating .the Medical Mission stations in Santo and Tanna; so that Santo is at present superintended by Revs. F. G. Bowie, and D. Paterson, the missionaries in the adjoining islands. Tanna, Erromanga and Aniwa are temporarily under one missionary, while Aneityum and "Futuna are under one of the missionaries who had retired, pending the arrival of a successor to take over these two islands along with Erromanga. Thus, the missionaries are now about nine fewer in number than in the record year of 1904. Their spheres of labor have been enlarged, bringing greater responsibilties on the missionaries and their teachers.

Such are some of the present conditions, but there are many signs of progress which we shall note as follows: MATERIAL PROGRESS.

In the early days, all buildings in the New Hebrides were made of island unsawn timber, with thatch roof. Those buildings, though perhaps picturesque, were badly lighted, the homes of insects, hard to keep tidy, were damp and unhealthy. Economy rendered their use necessary then. Houses are now built of weather·board, generally lined inside, with ceiled iron roofs, and both mission and trading stations are prominent objects in the landscape. The churches are furnished with deal seats, and friends of the mission have supplied communion vessels, lecterns and church bells.

Increase of trade has brought money to the natives, with which, in addition to the proceeds of arrowroot, they pay for their books and the materials for churches and schools The cost of the large church in Nguna, seated for 500, was entirely paid by natives and they also provided the labor required to erect it. A great part of the cost of the

A FUTUNA WOMAN AF'1lER SOME YCIDARS AS A

A CHRISTIAN CHURCH IN WEST TANNA, NEW HEBRIDES This is one of the best Christian churches in the islands equally large churches in Tanna was also defrayed by natives. The natives of Paama paid £1150 ($5,500) in three years for schools.

As another step towards self-support, they are cbntributing to the salaries of their teachers. In some islands the natives receive no outside help for this, and it will be interesting to note that Aniwa, the island of the late Dr. John G, Paton, is now self-supporting. Besides this, they are regularly contributing for the mission hospitals and for objects outside of the islands. Of their own accord and on theirown initiative, the natives of Tanna collected £100 for the widows and orphans of soldiers killed in this war; the Aneityumese, much fewer in number, gave £17, and other islands various sums. They have also made contributions in Malo, Fila and Aneityum, as mementoes of the work of their missionaries. 'l'he natives of East Tanna recently sent £40 to S. Australia, for the church of their own missionary.

The work of itinerating and visiting, instead of being performed by boat 01' on foot, is immensely facilitated by motor launches, now supplied to practically every missionary in the group. The inland natives have removed from sparsely peopled districts towards the coast, rendering the toilsome journeys of former days unnecessary. Many good paths have recently been made, some of them suitable for use by riders on horseback, and in two or three cases by horse conveyances.

Since the mission has been supplied with more· suitable houses and the climate is better understood, the health of missionaries has im-

THE NEW HEBRIDES SINCE JOHN G. PATON

A WJ'KK-D.U: CONGREGATION IN FUTUNA This is in strong contrast to the meetings in days of heathenism, when bloody wars and degrading feasts were common proved. Four missionaries lately retired after forty to forty-two years in the Mission; the Rev. P. Milne is in his forty-ninth year of service, and two missionaries are in the Mission after thirty-eight and thir·tyfour years respectively.

The Christian natives are healthier than the heathen, and there are fewer cases of consumption among them. Through the Me.dical Mission, lepers in Tanna, who brought the disease from Queensland and New Caledonia, have been segregated in the interior, where they produce their own food and are supplied with clothing by the Christians.

EDUOATIONAL AND SPIRITUAL PROGRESS.

The missionaries believe, as they they have always done, that the evangelization of the islands can be best attained by teaching and preaching the word of God. Consequently translation is keeping pace with teaching, and, in addition to those already named, translations of the New Testament and the Psalms in Nguna, an Old Testament History and most of the New Testament in Futuna, a Bible Treasury 01' Textbook in Aneityum, besides portions of Scripture in several other languages, are now in the hands of the natives. A translation of the "Child's Bible" in Tongoan, is in progress. The Rev. N. Mackenzie, of Korea, is giving part of his furlough to visit his former field at Nogugu to Santo, and translate portions of Scripture in the language spoken there.

The people value their books, and practice the precepts taught therein. Sudden conversions, though not unknown, are few, but their changea lives are proofs of the fruit of the Gospel. "It is sweet to suffer for Jesus," said a woman of Nogugu, who had been wounded by a musket shot, fired by a heathen. "I want to shake hands with the man who murdered my nephew," said a Christian Futunese, "and ask him to give up heathenism and help to spread the Gospel in Futuna." He lived to do so, and the one time murderer is a Christian teacher with many years of service behind him. The Christians are diligent, honest and immensely superior to the heathen mentally, morally and physically.

The great need of the Mission is educated teachers. This want is being supplied by the Training Institution. The standard required is rising, and the desire for higher education increasing. Valuable assistance is given in teaching by the missionaries' wives, and for some years recently their children have taught in the native language and in English. 'l'wo sons of the late Dr. Paton have been missionaries for a number of years, and also the Rev. Wm., a son of Rev. P. Milne.

In 1912, several missionaries made evangelistic tours through Epi and along the coast of Malekula with encouraging receptions from the people. Last year, Revs. M. Frater and J. B. Weir made a similar tour through Epi and Paama, then through all Ambrim. They took a complete census of Ambrim-the first made-and found the population to be 5,591, of whom 3,413 were heathen. As a result of the campaign, which occupied three months, forty natives were, after instructions, baptized. The teachers urged that their missionary, Dr. Bowie, should return or a missionary be settled in North Ambrim.

Through the medical work of the Mission the heathen are brought into contact with the Christians and the kindness shown them; and the Gospel taught them are bearing fruit. At the Paton Memorial Hospital, opened at Vila, in 1910, white and native patients are treated, and services for the white residents, as well as for natives, are conducted in the Paton Memorial Church.

The missionaries of the llelanesian Mission have prepared and printed at their own press, about 8 translations of Scripture for the islands of Oba, Maewo and Pentecost, occupied by them. The Church of Christ has withiil the last 7 or 8 years also sent missionaries to these islands. The Adventists have for four years occupied the difficult island of Achin, on the Northeast of Malekula, and they propose to extend their work to the mainland.

Two expeditions by British and French warships recently attempted to punish the heathen of North Malekula for outrages and murders of whites and native teachers, but the heathen, though they suffered severely from the second expedition, are still defiant.

The present war has hardly affected the mission work. A Futunese teacher said, "Perhaps this is the war we read about in Revelation." The sympathies of the natives are with Britain, and through Britain,

A NEW FJjEBRIDES CHRISTIAN PASTOR, HIS WIFE AND

Pastor Habena was thrown by his heathen mother into the bush to die. He was rescued by his father

with her Allies. They are horrified at the "frightfulness" of the Ger- mans. Such cruelties were unknown in the New Hebrides in the darkest days of heathenism.

Christianity has now spread over all the islands from the south up to Ambrim, except about perhaps one-third of Tanna. It is extend- ing in lIalekula, except in the north, which is wholly heathen. The majority are Chrh;tians in Malo, and perhaps a third of the natives of Santo.

THE FUTURE OF THE ISLANDS.

'What iR to be the future of the Islands? It mainly depends upon the Power to which the IRlands are ceded after the war. The Con- dominium is imposRible, and the group must belong either to Britain or to France. The decision will be of the highest importance to the Mis- sion and to the natives. French priests have had 'Det'Y few convertR. Homanislll has no attractions for New Hebrideans, and the celibacy of the priests dops not appeal to people among whom the unmarried state is a reproach. The French Reformed Church has done nothing for the people. If the islands are given to France there is enough vitality ill the religion of the native Christians to maintain itself even amid perse: cution, as the past has proved. But the people generally will lose heart and the heathen, through grog and cruel treatment, will disappear. I<jx- perience has proved that British missionaries, in spite of guarantees, can- not work successfully in French Colonies. A French judge under the . Condominium said a "Holy war should be waged against the mission- aries." If Britain annexes the group, the natives will be encouraged and stimulated. And, though grievances will not all disappear, though decrease of the population will not entirely cease, there is good reason to believe that under kindly British rule the Islands will in a few ypars become a prosperous Christian Colony.

Christianity is the great preserving power of the people. The heathen are "everywhere decreasing." The Christians are either "hold- ing their own," increasing, or decreasing more slowly. As long as Futuna was heathen, the population went steadily down. Since the Futunese accepted the Gospel, they increased in proportion to the 8trength of their Ohristianity.

The same applies to Tanna. The following figures, supplied by Rev. T. Macmillan of E. Tanna, show that with the advance of Chris- tianity the death rate decreases.

Members admitted from 1897-1907, 296. Died, 122, or 41 %.

Members admitted from 1907-1913, 290. Died, 66, or 21%. Members admitted from 1913-1917, 103. No deaths up to date.

"The fear of the Lord prolongeth days; but the years of the wicked shall be shortened." Proverbs 10.27.

or International Churches-Which?

TWO IDEALS PRESENTED BY TWO CHRISTIAN LEADERS WHO DISCUSS THE SUBJECT: SHALL WE CONTINUE TO PLANT AND PROPAGATE DE- NOMINATIONAL CHURCHES IN THE MISSION FIELD?

L A PLEA FOR UNITED NATIONAL CHRISTIAN CHURCHES BY THE REV. JAMES L. BARTON, D.D., BOSTON, MASS., Secretary of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions O NE should enter upon the consideration of this subject without prejudice and in the spirit of absolute fairness. 'Ve cannot escape the fact that present conditions demand the discussion of this question.

The movement among American Protestant denominations is towards a close unity and even amalgamation. The significant action taken at the last great Presbyterian Assembly, calling for closer union among all Protestant bodies, challenges the attention of all communions. The demands made upon the churches by the war have produced cooperative Ohristian action, both in America and across the sea, which would not have been thought possible a few years ago. The movement in the churches of America and even in the thinking of leaders both within and without the church, is away from denominationalism to a profession and practice of Ohristianity in which sectarianism shall be reduced to its lowest terms, if not completely eliminated.

:Many examples might be given to show this tendency towards an outward expression of the Ohristian faith, embodying ~othing of the historic controversies that have divided and weakened the Ohurch. The present and increasingly exacting demands of war conditions and neces- Rities call for the exercise of every element of strength and vitality possessed by the Ohurch. These demands will increase so long as the war continues and will become even more urgent after actual fighting terminates. These things compel the serious consideration of whether the Ohristian forces can operate most effectively as separate units, each – acting independently of all the others and often in wasteful expenditure of strength in un-Ohristian competition.

If in Ohristian America we are driven to the serious consideration of this subject, how much more important must it be for the mission fields. The war pressure is hardly less anywhere abroad than here, while in some areas it is even greater. Africa and Asia are seething with a new intellectual, social and national life that is pregnant with possibilities for good or evil beyond our present comprehension. Autocracy is rapidly giving way in Japan, Ohina, India, Russia and else-

where to a form of democracy in which the people themselves are claiming an increasing share in the selection of their rulers and in the making and execution of their laws. Unless these peoples are actuated by the ideals of justice, righteousness, fraternity and service as taught by Christ, the world will be in peril and Christianity itself may be overwhelmed by the triumph of cruel ambition and unrestrained anarchy in pursuance of devastating ideals. We are not consulted as to whether the East shall or shall not move out into an era of self-government; it is already moving with startling rapidity.

To meet this condition every available influence of Christianity must be thrown around the leaders in all these countries that the foundations of the coming new democracies be firmly laid in those principles of Christian truth wherein alone can safety be found for them and for the rest of the world. In order to achieve this the church must assemble all of its resources and dedicate them to the task. It can afford to waste not an ounce of strength or any fraction of its resources in promoting anything that is not vital to the achievement of the purpose for which our Lord sent His disciples forth to evangelize the nations.

We are compelled to ask if the promotion of different denominations of the church, each denomination bearing a distinctive name that to the people of the East has little or no significance, is a source of strength to the Christian movement abroad or is it a source of weakness?

In order to make the consideration of this subject more concrete, take China as one example of a great foreign mission field. Already there are in China 78 denominational missionary societies at work, and under their leadership 78 different kinds of Protestant churches have been created and are being perpetuated. To many of the Chinese this array represents 78 different kinds of Christians. Few indeed of the Chinese Christians have any conception of the real reason why they bear a name which to them has no significance and which none of them can accurately pronounce. As a rule, they have been taught that there is a vital difference between the denominations; that they are to associate intimately only with those denominationally like themselves; their children are to be reared and educated in the belief that their denomination is superior to all the others and they are to work for the extension only of the kind of Christianity which bears their name. Who will contend that this is the best and most effective way for the Christians, who number less than one-eighth of one percent of the present popUlation of China, most effectively to present the claims of Christianity to the remaining ninety-nine and seven-eighths percent of that mighty countl'y in order to win it for civilization and for Christ?

Will anyone contend that the great command of our Lord to go into all the world and preach His Gospel is rightly interpreted when we, in our denominational zeal, interpret it to read, "Go into all the

NATIONAL OR INTERNATIONAL CHURCHES-WHICH?

world and preach Presbyterianism to every creature," others, "Preach Baptism by immersion to every creature" ; others, "Preach Methodism" ; others, "Episcopalianism"; others, "Lutheranism"; others, "Congregationalism," and so on to the end of the catalogue. As if this were not enough, there follows a list of "Reformed" and "North" and "South" divisions.

Have these varied interpretations of the command of our Lord and their exportation to the various mission fields helped or hindered the effective presentation of Christ and His Gospel to the Chinese and the entire non-Christian world? We must not blame the early missionaries or their Boards. All did the best they knew as they followed the generai belief of the times in which they lived. The vital question is, are we justified in perpetuating a custom that is manifestly divisive, often destructively competitive, and for which there is no warrant in Scripture?

Do the churches that support missionary operations demand or even desire that we continue to put emphasis upon that which divides the church of Christ in mission lands? I do not believe the rank and file of our churches and the intelligent supporters of our foreign missionary enterprises, if they understood the facts, would favor our continuing to propagate divisions abroad in order that they may have the satisfaction of knowing that their gifts are aiding in making Christians who bear the same denominational label as that borne by the contributor.

Let us sum up some of the reasons why all branches of the Protestant Church should devote every energy and all resources to uniting in all mission fields to the end that there be created and perpetuated one undivided church of Jesus Christ.

1. Movements in this direction at home, especially in connection with Christian work in camps and among soldiers, are proving to be a source of great inspiration and strength. The work of the Young Men's Christian Association is an excellent illustration of the way the people of the United States are ready to back up and support non-sectarianism Christian work. There are many indications that the union of the foreign missionary work into churches without divisions, presenting a united front to the forces of evil, would command an equally enthusiastic backing and support.

2. The conduct of the war in France, for the first three years and more, when each one of the Allies acted separately under its own leaders, in co-operation but as independent units, shows the wastefulness and inefficiency of that line of action. This mistaken method of conducting a great military campaign has now been corrected by the most revolutionary military readjustment history records. If Governments

can bring about this unprecedented and even revolutionary change in order to overcome a common enemy, cannot the Church do as much in order to create a single agency for the spiritual conquest of the world?

3. A united church would remove all temptation from mission- aries and native leaders to wasteful un-Christian rivalry and would permit all of the available Christian forces in every country to organize in an unbroken body for pressing the claims of Christ upon the un- reached multitudes. .

4. The use of a common name for a single church would eliminate the existing confusion as to the meaning of the various denominations and give the impression that, after all, the followers of Jesus' Christ are undivided, thus giving a new· sense of unity and solidarity, and direct the attention of Christians in every country away from the differ- ences that separate to the one colossal task confronting the church.

5. The new comprehension of one church would convince all believers in all mission fields that they are a real part of the great church universal and not merely a part of one of its branches. In this way they would be brought into fraternal relations with the Christians of all lands and all communions through their religious papers, hymn books and all permanent and periodical literature. It would follow as a natural corollary that all denominational religious literature on mission fields would become Christian literature without denominational label. It would also give the native church every opportunity for adequate self-expression.

6. Co-operation in the creation and promotion of a single church of Christ abroad could not fail to become a source of supreme blessing and renewed spiritual life to the churches here at home. We would all be surprised to find how little beyond prejudic, tradition and accident there is which separates us and what vast areas of common faith and practice we already hold together. To begin to think and plan and act in terms of the Kingdom of God rather than in terms of a denomination, would open up mighty areas of spiritual possibilities of which few have ever dreamed.

7. A single church on the foreign field acting as a unit would more than double, probably more than quadruple, the vital aggressive spiritual and physical power of the church to win others, extend its influence into circles hitherto untouched and make it the irresistible force among the nations it was destined to be. Only thus can the church in the East reveal and exercise its supreme power as the undivided and unbroken body of Christ. Could we not expect and even claim a mighty outpouring of the Holy Spirit upon a church united in the name of the Christ?

NATIONAL OR INTERNATIONAL CHURCHES-WHICH?

There are many indications that the churches in mission lands are ready to begin such a union movement. The steps recently taken in China to unite all the various Presbyterian and Congregational churches into one organization show that the Ohristians of Ohina are feeling the necessity and importance of eradicating the denominational differ· ences that have hitherto separated. The movement has already been begun among the native churches in South India; These and other steps in the same direction, taken without direct promotion by the Mis· sion Boards or the home churches, suggest what might be achieved if the denominational organizations of America should urge and support the coming together and the organization into a single body of all churches in every mission field. The mission churches are becoming conscious of the unreasonableness and even waste of the present un- Ohristian divisions as well as the futility of attempting to win their respective countries for Ohrist with divided forces. Ohristians at home cannot escape a large responsibility in this matter. The churches and missions abroad may in time, without our backing, and even in spite of our refusal to sanction the step, bring about a large measure of union, but the delay will be wasteful and the consequent loss of strength will be enormous. By positive action now upon our part that waste and loss can be saved and new power engendered.

Are there any insuperable obstacles to the creation and perpetua- tion of such a Church in every mission land? Some may cla.im that it may be possible "for loosely organized churches to take this step, while great connectional churches could hardly bring about so radical a change. I am sure there is no Church so great, or so connectional, that it does not regard the extension of the Kingdom of Ohrist in the world and its complete triumph as of surpassing importance, even greater than connectionalism or the promotion of any sectarian idea. The greater and more powerful the church the greater the necessity of its throwing the weight of its influence in favor of bringing the rapidly rising churches in mission lands together and helping them organize under the leadership of their Master Christ, whose undivided body they represent and through whom He must act.

Since modern foreign missions began; there has never been an hour when the demands for a united Church in mission lands were so insistent as today, or when the rewards for such a step were so full of glorious promise. Here is the opportunity for the churches of America and the Mission Boards to organize the forces at their command to meet the present crisis of depleted workers on the field, and the lack of adequate financial support, confronted by rapidly opening opportunities in every mission country. Only thus can the Church of Christ come into the full possession of all its powers and present an unbroken and irresistible front to the non-Ohristian world.

Up SHALL WE BUILD WORLD-WIDE DENOMINATIONS?

BY BISHOP J. W. BASHFORD, D.D., CHINA Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church Of the Ohurch in mission fields, two views are held.

(1) That we should aim to build up strong, union, national churches emphasizing Christian unity, but with freedom to develop national characteristics_ (2) That we should aim to build up international churches along denominational lines, emphasizing the special beliefs and methods of worship characteristic of different denominations.

I do not wish to write as a partisan in support of any view, but rather to discuss briefly the New Testament conception of the Church and to apply these principles to the solution of the question.

The Church is a living organism whose life is derived through union with Ohrist, by the indwelling of the Holy Spirit. According to the Roman Oatholic view, the Reformation, which aimed at spiritual life at the expense of an external and legal unity, was a false movement in human history, and the Protestant churches are called upon to return in penitence to the "mother church." Upon the contrary, under the New Testament conception, the struggling Christians of the Reformation were fully justified in seeking spiritual life at the expense of an external unity_ This life has that unity in variety which characterizes life in the vegetable kingdom and in the animal kingdom.

The only basis for a deeper unity of the Protestant churches is the conviction that each has wrought out some phase of the infinite life of God in the soul of man. The blue flame of Presbyterian loyalty to the truth, the red flame of Methodist zeal for God, the yellow flame of spiritual life among the Quakers, and the purple flame of Episcopal worship-all are needed to constitute the white light of the Sun of Righ teousness.

In a matter of such deathless importance to Ohristianity, had the unity of the Church been external, had only one form of creed, one order of worship, one mode of baptism and prayer, one method of church government, been acceptable to God, it is incredible that such form of church government had not been included in Revelation. Why do we not find prescribed in the New Testament one single creed, a single ritual, a single form of church government? Why did not Ohrist Himself observe a single mode of prayer and worship? Because as Paul says, "The letter killeth, the spirit giveth life." Haggling over forms and ceremonies and external government is entirely foreign to the spirit of the New Testament. Christian unity will never be achieved by formal meetings of representatives of the various denomi-

NATIONAL OR INTERNATIONAL CHURCHES-WHICH?

nations to determine how much of what each deems to be truth he is willing to sacrifice for the sake of an external union.

''Yith the Protestant conception of Christian unity rather than the Roman Catholic conception, let us turn to the mission field. Christ's program for the evangelization of Palestine was by healing, preaching, teaching. Noone can read the Gospels without being con- fronted with the miracles of Jesus; and these miracles were not miracles of punishment, though the New Testament teaches that those who will not accept Christ as Saviour and Lord, must later meet Him as jUdge. But the New Testament miracles were miracles of healing performed by Christ to reveal the Fatherhood of God and to lead men to Himself as a Saviour. In no way can we so readiTy convince the pagan races of God's Fatherhood as through our hospitals, providing for their sick, and through our schools, offering education to their children. Christ, in His preaching and teaching, aimed not only to give the masses an understanding of the Gospel, but to raise up and train the twelve disciples in order that they might carryon the work after His own departure.

Christ's method for evangelizing Palestine is the most successful program for the mission fields today. This three-fold method of heal- ing, preaching and teaching, does not demand an external unification of all the churches working in a pagan land, but it does demand co- ordination and co-operation in all our work. It calls for division of territory in order that there may be no duplication of effort, and in order that the Gospel may be carried to as large a number of people as possible. In the larger centers, it demands union work in hospitals, and in the advanced schools in order to avoid the cost of duplication and the bitterness which often arises from competition. It demands worship in a union church in our larger centers, but permits the wor- shippers to join in this union church without sacrificing membership . in the mother churches which send them out.

If we can send to the mission field a body of missionaries and develop on the mission field a body of Christians who in humility seek the will of God above all other aims; if each of these Christians is filled with the love that suffereth long and is kind, that envieth not, that vaunteth not itself, is not puffed up, doth not behave itself un- seemly, seeketh not her own, is not easily provoked, thinketh no evil; rejoiceth not in iniquity, but rejoiceth in the truth; that beareth all things, believeth all things, hopeth all things, endureth all thingssuch a fellowship of missionaries and converts in mission lands will convince all pagans that God is their Heavenly Father and that Jesus Christ is from God. We favor such a spirit and such co-operation among Christians in pagan lands, rather than an attempt to organize one external national church for the following reasons: (1) The universality of Christianity is not best displayed by the manifestation of national and race characteristics.

(2) As a matter of fact, with the existing organization of the churches in the home lands, the churches on mission fields will keep in closer touch with, and will secure more aid from the home bases by maintaining ecclesiastical connections with their mother churches than by a separate independent organization on the mission field.

(3) With the strong trend toward nationalism which characterized the political history of the 19th century, and which was one cause of the present war, the churches will contribute more to world harmony if each denomination belts the globe with its work and workers, rather than by the separate organization of the Ohristian forces of each nation into a national church with the emphasis upon race characteristics and the consequent loss of the vision of the universal church.

(4) No one will contend that forty or fifty national churchesone for each nation, maintained over· against each other for all time, is the goal of Ohristian unity. The vital question is, therefore, does the path to the higher, final miity lie through the organization of national units maintaining race characteristics, supported from the national treasury and devoted in all international conflicts to national ideals, or does it lie through a Presbyterianism and a Methodism and n Oongregationalism, each universalized and belting the globe with its members, each accustomed to various races and sympathizing with the aspirations of them all. The prospects of the higher unity certainly lie along the latter rather than the former path.

(5) However easy it may seem to organize a mass of young Ohristians in any pagan nation into a single church, nevertheless, so far as our knowledge goes, experience does not reveal the successful founding of any union national church. Often the motive in a pagan land which suggests a national church is a mixed one, made up more largely of the desire for independence, than of the spirit of fellowship. This spirit of independence is not favorable to the surrender of ecclesiastical convictions and of union with other Ohristians in the pagan nation. In Japan for instance, the promise of a unified Japanese church to follow the severance of all ties of the missions with their mother churches has not been realized. The Ohina Inland Mission finds it is wiser to concede to each group of converts, the right to organize a church after the mind of that group and of the missionary who won the group to Ohrist, ~han to attempt to organize all churches on any one model. The McAll Mission in Paris-a union movement-has failed to secure sufficient funds from any base or from all bases for the proper development of its work. Upon the whole,· we know of no successful effort to establish Ohristian unity in any mission land by the separation of each mission from the mother church at home.

In the New Testament we find no trace of a national church and no enunciation of principles which would lead to a national church. God deems the law of love of such importance that He embodies it first in the family; and the family is a divine institution whereby God calls·

1918J NATIONAL OR INTERNATIONAL CHURCHES-WHICH?

each of us out of pure individualism into an instinctive love of each for all the members. Above the family, God has established the state; and the state also is a divine institution for the extension of the law of love beyond the family and the clan to the nation and the race. Above the family and above the .state, God has .ordained the Ohurch; and the Ohurch is a divine institution whereby God calls for the extension of our love and service beyond our family, beyond our nation, beyond our race, to the entire human family. The charter of the Ohurch is, "Jesus Ohrist tasted death for every man." This charter rests back on the creative plan whereby God "hath made of .one every nation of men that dwell on the face of all the earth." Springing out .of GDd's creative plan and .of the universal redemp- tiDn .ordained by God from before the foundation of the world is the divine prayer which Jesus taught each redeemed child .of every nation tD say, "Our Father who art in Heaven." Orowning the creation .of the race in the image of God, the provision fDr a universal redemptiDn and the commDn prayer, is the final command, "Go ye, therefore, and make disciples .of all nations." It is this nDte of universality which differentiates the church frDm the nation and the family. Hence, the very phrase "A NatiDnal Ohurch" is a contradiction in terms, just as a church fDr a single family is a contradiction in terms.

Finally, for the Ohristian Ohurch tD accept any form of nationalism as its goal when the whole wDrld is moving toward internationalism seems to us a fatal blunder. The late PrDf. Seeley, of Oambridge University, was wont to assure his students that nationalism was. the key to the pDlitical history of the nineteenth century; It aCCDunts fDr the welding together of the petty kingdoms of Germany into the German Empire, of the numerDUS kingdoms of the Italian peninsula into the kingdDm of Italy. It accounts for the triumph .of the UniDn in the struggle between the North and the South during the American Oivil War. It accounts for the grDwth of the British Empire. Irideed the acceptance of nationalism by Germany and her disregard of the universal claims of justice and .of the teachings of the New Testament is a chief cause of our present war. It requires no prophet tD fDretell that if nationalism was the key to the pDlitical history of the nineteenth century,internationalism will be the key to the political history .of the twentieth century. At the very time when commerce and industry and politics are becoming international, when the' world is unconsciDusly acceptIng universal love manifested by universal service as the only solution .of human problems-for the Ohristian Ohurch to revert at such a tiIlle to nationalism as her goal, seems like a fatal case of atavism~

INFLUENTIAL MEN IN OffiNA – AN AMERICAN AND A

Dr. Geol"ge Sherwood Eddy and Dr. Sun Yat Sen In Canton, ChIna

in China's

BY SHERWOOD EDDY, LL.D., Secretary for Asia, International Young Men's Christian Associations W E have just completed a tour of the eastern half of China. We began with a busy week in Canton, the first of the twelve cities which we were to visit. Our work this year centered in the Chinese church and emphasized the enlisting of picked individuals in service rather than evangelistic meetings for multitudes. Hundreds of Chinese decided for Christ. On the last night of the series the Chinese pastors of the twenty-eight local churches sat on the platform. As the name of each church was called, the pastor arose, then his workers in the audience, then the new converts who had been won by them or had made the decision for Christ during the week. It was an inspiring sight to see each pastor lead out his little flock, twenty, thirty, forty or fifty going out to begin their weekly Bible class and to extend the work of winning the millions of China one by one.

It is this emphasis on persona! work, vitalizing and organizing the Christians to go out and win their non-Christian friends and working within the indigenous local churches that is the distinctive feature of the campaign this year. Previously we have tried to win converts from the non-Christian community and hand them over to the church, but we found that the churches were often unprepared and many of the converts were lost, not being followed up and set to work in the church.

This year we 'have got down to bed-rock and are working within the church itself, working out through a vitalized membership.

On the opening night we met twelve hundred Christians and held a daily meeting to train them in personal work. These newly aroused Christians were previously trained in personal work classes and went out each to win or at least bring a non-Christian frie~d into the "person- alized" or covered meeting, where every non-Christian had some Chris- tian worker who had brought him and would follow him up and talk with him during the interval between the two meetings. Anything which was accomplished, however, was only made possible by the cen- tury of missionary seed sowing which had gone before.. The fields are dead ripe for harvest, and our part was that of a coolie or harvest hand called in to reap at .the final ingathering. It was the men who had borne the burden and heat of the day during the long century before who did the real work. .

A team of a dozen workers and specialists were busy night and day in interviews, organizing Bible classes, dealing with enquirers and hearing the confessions of sin. One man came in who had stolen some $800; he made the first payment of $100 toward the settlement

of the entire amount. He was followed by others who had stolen money or who were guilty in other ways.

It is the belief of many that a new application of the method of personal work has been discovered and applied in the preparation for these meetings by the local workers which may extend throughout the whole of Asia, with incalculable blessing. We are filled with thanksgiving because of what has already been accomplished.

As a result of the preparatory work of Rev. F. N. D. Buchman and the personal work of the Chinese, several hundred decided for Christ in Canton, including most of the non-Christians in Canton Christian Oollege.

Our experience in the remaining eleven cities, from Hongkong to Peking and from Shanghai to Ohangsha, was much the same as in Oanton. In each city from one to six hundred Ohristians were organized for personal work and in each city from three hundred to a thousand non- Ohristians students, officials, business men and others have signed the decision card. More than half of these men are now studying in Bible classes and are being prepared for membership in the church. In one city more than one hundred and fifty have already been baptized and others will follow as they are prepared.

This awakening of the Ohristians to new activity comes at the hour of Ohina's desperate material and political need. Everything that has been tried in the past seems to have failed. Classical precepts, moral maxims, calculating Confucian morality have failed, and Confucianism, the very keystone of Ohina's moral and social arch, seems to be crumbling. Ancestor worship, Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and the modern eclectic systems, all alike have failed to regenerate the nation. We do not deny that Confucianism especially has laid noble moral foundations in the past, that it has been· a splendid preparation for some adequate future fulfilment, but alone it has utterly failed to save China. Confucianism has produced a deeper moral consciousness than any other non-Ohristian religion which we have found in Asia. It gives precepts, but it has failed to give the necessary power; it offers doctrine, but not life; theory, but not practice. The whole life of Ohina today and the backwardness of this one-quarter of the human race are sufficient proof of its pathetic and final inadequacy.

The trouble with Ohina today lies at the very heart and center of the nation's life; it is radical and fundamental. Foreign and domestic loans, secular education, classical moral precepts and the religious systems of her great past, have all alike failed to save or satisfy the deep need of this great people. Many seem to fear that they are almos.t at the end of their resources and the leaders often seem to be morally bankrupt.

Never was there a time. when things looked so dark politically or so bright religiously, so dark for the government or so bright for the Ohristian church in Ohina as today. This nation has reaf'hed the posi-

CHINA'S CRISIS

SOME CHINESE LEADERS WHO ATTIDNDED DR. EDDY'S EVANGELI'STIC MEETINGS Admiral Ching (left) who Was assassinated the night after attending Dr. Eddy's meeting in Canton. Dr. ,C. C. Wa (center) and Wa Ting Fang (right) tion where a great religious revival is imperatively needed and it is in just that condition in which such movements have often started in past history in other parts of the world. It is our firm conviction that Jesus Christ and vital Christianity, diffused through a growing indigenous Chinese Church is the only hope of this great nation.

Here is one-quarter of the human race, preserved where other nations have fallen, after four thousand years of noble history. Such a great past prophecies a great future. The crucial need of the hour is a living Christian church. It is just at this time of national need' and crisis that the movement for personal eVl:ngelism, which has been spreading through the Chinese church, comes with such hope and promise: A group of Chinese evangelists, prepared by God, have begun the great work of reaping among their fellow countrymen, and bands of personal workers have been trained in the churches. Christ today is the only hope for China.

On the training ground in France I saw a mass of men charging together and heard the officer call out: "Keep together, keep together men; one man cannot take a trench." That irregular mass of men illustrates the need of the present hour. If one man alone forged ahead he was quickly overcome by the enemy, if he straggled behind he was not

in the battle at all; those men who kept together captured the trench. It is just so in the church of Christ today; isolated endeavor or de- nominational, sporadic efforts are not enough to meet the overwhelming crisis of the present hour. Our forces are too few and too divided and unorganized to meet .J:he crucial and immediate need of one-quarter of the human race.

One hundred years of past effort of missionary schools and colleges, hospitals and institutions, churches and evangelism, have fully prepared , China for a great united Christian advance. If we will keep together, and together with Christ go forward, we can "attempt great things for God and expect great things from God." God is ready, the non-Chris· tians are ready. It would have been as easy in each city of China to have gathered audiences of several thousand a night as it was to get several hundred, so far as the non-Christians were concerned, and many of these men would nave been ready to join Bible classes or to join the church if only we had been ready and able to receive them.

Now is the time to pray and work for China. In spite of all the awful need in the great war of destruction, we must furnish the constructive forces to save the Far East at this time of need and opportunity (To be Concluded) American Ways and Chinese Ways COMPARED BY REV. W. H. SMITH, FOOCHOW UNIVERSITY, CHINA (From the St. Louis Christian Advocate) IN AMERICA IN CHINA Compass needle points north. Compass needle points south. Build walls, then roof of house. Build roof, then walls of a house. Mix mortar with hoe. Mix mortar with a rake. Row boat facing the stern. Row boat facing the bow, Milk cow on right side. Milk cow on the left side. Varnish dry wood in dry weather. Varnish wet wood in wet weather, Make upper of shoe, then sole it. Make shoe sole first, then the upper. In beckoning, fingers are upward. In beckoning, fingers bend downward. In counting on fingers, begin at thumb. In counting on fingers, begin at little, Put clothes in water to wash them. Put water on clothes to wash them. Children wind top at spindle end. Children wind top at big end. Index in back of book. Index in front of book (Vol. 1). Fold letter writing inside. Fold letter writing outside. Read horizontally left to right. Read horizontally right to left. Put writer's name and address on letter. Put writer's full name on envelope only. Write with hard pen. Write with a brush (soft pen). Keep ink as a liquid. Keep ink as a solid. Given name first, family last. Family name first, given last. Wear black at funerals. Wear white at funerals. Button on right side, hole on left. Hole on right side, button on left. Put hole over button. Put button through the loop.

Training in the Far

BY HORACE H. UNDERWOOD, SEOUL, KOREA T HE present is an age of Idealism masquerading as Materialism. We look backwards to the days when one or two 'lofty souls, among millions, dared to venture into unknown lands. .

One of the most purely idealistic branches of mission work, in- dustrial training, for many years received scant attention because it was assumed to be a more materialistic and worldly phase of misRion work than the direct preaching of the gospe1. Today its evangelizing value is coming to be recognized. The true mission of Missions is not merely to awaken nations to a state of dazed helplessness in a world they know not, but to awaken them to new lite and to the purposeful practical activity of Christ and their fellow men.

The old Orient, the Orient of Edwin Arnold and of Lafcadio Hearn, the Orient of Confucius and of a Buddhistic Nirvana, was and is idealistic in the common understanding of the word. But it is the idealism of the "Lotus-Eaters," the idealism in which the "dreaming of dreams" and the "seeing of visions" does not arouse to stirring deeds, but is a substitute for them.

The preaching of the gospel has today the same power and the same fascination it has always had, but missionaries are realizing that some must deny themselves this front·line work and train those who have been gathered into the Kingdom. Allover the world, those whose privilege it was to go first had also the privilege of devoting their ener- gies to the simple preaching of the gospel.· To those who followed there came the double duty of preaching and of organizing Sabbath schools, .

Bible institutes, seminaries, high·schools and colleges, for the training· of those converts by whom the missionary is many times multiplied.

So recently that we may speak of it as today, there has come the realization that this must be supplemented by still further and dif· ferent training. The writer is better acquainted with the situation in Korea than in other fields and therefore uses the work in that country as a specific instance of a general condition.

Mission work in Korea began a little over thirty years ago, and for purposes of argument, may be roughly divided into three decades, each with its distinguishing phase. The first was the time of Seed-Sowing, the direct preaching of the gospel and the preparation of the way.

Results there were, the work was more blessed and the first fruits more quickly seen than in many fields. The second decade may be called the period of In-Gathering. The workers had their hands full with the mere reception and shepherding of those who came. This In·Gather- ing has continued to the present, but not in the same proportions. The third decade has been one of Organization:: The growth of a nativl'

pastorate, the training of leaders, the forming of more truly native church organizations, all this, while rooted and grounded in the work of the first and second decades, belongs properly to this third period. We have in Korea today a working nucleus, an organized church, ready now to join hands with the missionaries and step forth to further conquests for Christ among their countrymen. But what has happened outside the Church during these three decades? Is Korea still the Land of the Morning Calm?

The recent history of the Far East is too familiar to need repeti- tion. All are familiar with the fact that after the political battle-dore and shuttle-cock between Japan and Russia, Japanese influence be-' c'ame predominant, cUlminating in the annexation of the country by Japan in 1910. With this came an influx of Japanese and an opening up of the country to the twentieth century which it had not before experienced. Korean farmers and merchants were brought into con- tact with modern methods in the hands of competitors whose resources were greater than their own. The government has done much for the country in many ways, but the period of industrial depression for the Koreans which set in about this time was and is inevitable. Confronted by the new conditions, hundreds of firms went to the wall. Eventually, the improved status of the country in general will bring back pros- perity and correspondingly improved industrial and commercial con- ditions, but some years to come will be lean years for the Koreans. . The church and the people as a whole have been brought abruptly into contact with the world. The Korean Church has long been noted as an exponent of the principle of self-support. Naturally the last few years have found it more and more difllcult to maintain their former standard in this matter.

The problem and the difficulties and dangers it presented, did not go unnoticed by the Governor-General. His Excellency Gov.-General Terauchi (now Premier of Japan) pointed out that Japan itself was suffering from over much education of a purposeless and unpractical sort, education which unfitted rather than fitted the recipients for practical WOrk. He urged the development of industrial training for the Koreans as a preventive of this evil. In compliance with this idea, the' 'Bureau of Education decided to provide only in the educational system of Korea for a grade of work in the regular school course considerably lower than that of Japan.

Large sums were spent and mu,ch attention devoted to industrial training both in the schools and through the agency of model farms, etc., at different places in the country.

What has been the attitude of the Church and what has it done to meet its share of this pressing need? Very early in the history of many of the schools in the country potential industrial departments were organized in the form of the so-called Self-Help Departments. Indeed practically all the industrial training in the mission schools

1918J INDUSTRIAL TRAINING IN THE FAR EAST

can even now be classified as self-help work, the difference between the two being as yet hardly noticeable to the casual visitor. These self-help departments were, or are, as their name migh_t imply, departments of the· school for the purpose of supplying work to needy students with the intent to assist them in securing an education. In some institutions they have remained a thin disguise for charity, and the frantic head of the department is only too happy if he can discover a new ditch to be dug or an old one to be filled up; in short, anything which will excuse his paying a monthly wage to the students. Others, on the other hand, have gone on taking up one or more lines of special work so that when the student graduates, in addition to having earned his way through school, he has produced a certain number or amount of goods of real -market value to the department which has paid him, and has also ac- quired a working knowledge of some trade or industry. The reason for the statement that all the work could be classified as self-help work, lies in the fact that none of the schools have, to my knowledge at any rate, been able, for financial reasons, to make the industrial training phase of primary, and the self-help phase of secondary, importance.

The only instance of Christian industrial training per se, in Korea, is the Y. M. C. A. of Seoul, where obviously the difficulties in the way are less and the resources greater than is the case with the average mission academy. The Y. M. C. A. was one of the earliest in this field, and now has a large building specially devoted to industrial training. Here, such subjects as carpentry, machining, printing, shoe-making and photography are taught under competent supervision. The mission school has to contend with the problem of the ever present poor student who is dependent on his earnings for his schooling. Time, space and money for the scientific training of those, who, while they will in the future need such training, do not at this moment need the cash, are hard to secure. The Hugh O'Neill Academy in Syenchun (Presbyterian) is a good illustration of an institution where the work of a Self-Help Department has been given a decided and useful trend toward real industrial training. Here the work is largely agricultural and of great help to the students of a country so decidedly agricultural as is Korea. In Pyengyang, in close connection with the Academy, the Anna Davis Industrial Department is one of the more fortunate institutions which has a special missionary for this work. For some time, however, this institution also gave greater attention to self-help than to industrial training, but the realization of the vital necessity of the ,latter is shown in its last report which speaks of a change newly recommended which "by better organization and equipment would enable it to actually and practically teach each student some industry." The Anglo-Korean School in Songdo (Southern Methodist) has a capable head for its large industrial department and is one of the institutions which more nearly approximates the ideal industrial training.

Perhaps, however, a specific instance, a description of the work and conditions in one instiution, will give more clearly the situation, difficulties and attainments of the work in general. The writer is better acquainted with the work of the Industrial Department of the John D. Wells School in Seoul, having been connected with it for a time.

At the very beginning of the work the first problem which came up was the choice of subjects. Should the department aim to take up purely vVestern trades or to develop existing Korean industries? Should it cater to a trade among foreign residents, tourists and in the homelands or should it make and find its market among the Japanese and natives? Should it teach the use of complicated machinery, which the student might never see after graduation, or depend on cruder machines purchasable in Korea and Japan? It was decided that as the department was for and among Koreans the development of existing Korean industries should be given chief attention; that a larger and more permanent market could be found among the natives and that the development of such a market would be of advantage to the graduates where an export and tourist trade would not. As to equipment, jt was the opinion of those in charge, that it would be far better to depend in the main on crude machinery, such as a student would be likely to meet with after graduation_ However, that the boys might not be altogether ignorant of modern machinery, it was determined to install a few machines of the latest type.

The system of admission and of payment were also questions which gave considerable trouble. None of these things were answered in a moment, but usually after months of experimenting and many mistakes. In the matter of admission to the department, we finally came around to the following plan: the student was required to bring with him a recommendation from the pastor or native leader of his church, certifying that the boy's family were unable to assist him or that they could onfy give a stated amount per month and also vouching for the applicant's moral character. Before being admitted, he was examined first by the superintendent of the department alone, and later by him in conference with the manager and the principal of the school. If favorably passed on by these three, he was required to make a deposit of one dollar with the superintendent and was entered on the rolls as an apprentice. This deposit is repaid to the student" at the end of two years, when it is renewable for two more years if he desires to continue in the department, but is forfeited should he leave without good and suffiCient reason before that time. As an apprentice, the student is questioned as to past experience or knowledge of any of the branches taught, and then assigned as may seem best.

On each student's machine was a card, marking the specifications of the goods to be made, the number of hours of work per day and the amount produced per day. These were tabulated in a monthly report which was most iqteresting reading for the management, parents of

INDUSTRIAL TRAHUNG IN THE FAR EAST

the students and students themselves, and soon proved well worth while. The industries now taught in this institution are weaving, dyeing, basketry, mat-making, embroidery, tailoring, and machine-knitting. Perhaps a word of explanation for these would be advisable. The products of all of these find a ready market among the natives, though the department has endeavored to work up an export trade in addition. The weaving, dyeing, basketry, mat-making and embroidery were all famous industries of old Korea which it seemed worth while to pre- 8erve and encourage. The rapidly increasing use of western socks and western clothes made the installation of a few knitting and a couple of sewing machines well worth while. Moreover, it was found that waste thread from the winding reels and waste or slightly damaged goods from the looms could he turned into salable socks, vests, caps, etc., by these machines. The emhroidery as an industry for boys always excites the greatest astonishment, and it might be well to explain that for hundreds of years it has heen a men's industry in Korea, and that embroidered screens, mottoes, banners and pieces of an sorts find a ready sale among the natives.

The late Dr. H. G. Underwood was deeply interested in this branch of mission work and felt that it was of vital importance. He was largely instrumental in founding the department in the John D. Wells School. When in America in 1912, he secured through the generosity of an individual, a large sum to provide land, building equipment and a certain amount of capital for this department, as well as the gift of four large modern power looms. By the fall of 1914, the huilding had been erected, the looms set up and a small horse-power gas engine installed as a power plant. The basement of the building is devoted to dyeing and mat-making, and to the heating and power plants. The main floor is entirely given up to weaving, and contains twenty-eight looms in addltion to the four power looms; the others being about equally divided between Korean hand and Japanese made foot machines. On the top floor the visitor finds the offices and stock room, while the rest of the floor space is divided into sections for embroidery, knitting, tailoring and the winding and preparation of the thread for the looms.

An attempt to extend the usefulness of the department beyond the students actually enrolled, is made by a series of lectures given to the various classes of the school on such subjects as gas-engines, dyeing, the knitting machine and its development, looms past and present, etc., etc. The staff of the department consists of a Korean Superintendent on whom falls the greater part of the burden, two clerks and five native instructors for tailoring, knitting, emhroidery, _weaving and dyeing comhined, and mat-making. These men are paid a fixed sum per month for the time given as instructors, and then as the students only work before and after the regular school hours, they are paid for whatever goods they themselves turn out during the day. They are all skilled

laborers and not only can they thus supplement their own salaries, but their products help very materially to even up the loss on goods made by the students. In addition to these men, the department employs a native salesman who·is on the road a good deal of the time and has also formed a sort of partnership with a native tailoring firm in the city to enable it to handle large orders for several hundred uniforms, etc., which it could not otherwise touch.

From sixty to eighty boys out of a total school enrollment of not quite two hundred are employed all through the school year. These 'boys do not all earn all their school expenses, but it is safe to say that it is the department which makes it po'ssible for all of them to receive an education. It teaches them a trade which is native to their country and the product of which is marketable at home; while familiarizing them with modern machinery, they are taught to use such machinery as will probably be available to them after graduation. They are taught also the dignity of labor, and an attempt is now being made to teach them a little of modern business methods in connection with a commercial course in the main school.

For this and other similar departments trained men in charge are a necessity, if they are to come up to the possibilities of usefulness which are in them. This department has received help of the principal of the school and part time from another missionary.

The right man in this place could make it trebly efficient in every way. The Y. M. C. A. in Seoul has at present two men whose whole time is devoted to industrial work; the Northern Presbyterian mission' has three workers: two men, one in Syenchun and one in Pyengyang, and one woman in Pyengyang; the Southern Methodist mission has one such man in the Anglo-Korean School in Songdo; the Southern Presbyterian mission brought out a man for this work, but a large part of his time has since been diverted to general educational work. Outside of the Y. M. C. A. the Roman Catholic Beneliictine Friars probably have devoted more attention to this work than any of the Protestant denominations.

Trained men are needed and money is needed. The self-help department which is struggling to broaden its scope and give real training is in danger of failing in this training by spreading its money too thin or of spending a great deal on a few students or of falling into any number of pit-falls which beset the unwary, untrained and overburdened clerical missionary forced to take up this work in addition to his own.

The benefits of this industrial training are obvious; the dangers and difficulties of its proper accomplishment are fascinatingly many and its appeal to the admirers of Paul the tent-maker and to the followers of Jesus, the carpenter's Son, should be irresistible.

SCHOOL GIRLS OF PACR.AGUAY TAKING THEIR MORNING

Paraguay; the Neglected Land of Latin America BY REV. TOLBERT F. REAVIS Foreign Christian Missionary Society PARAGUAY is a great undeveloped land with unlimited natural wealth and boundless future possibilities. Since it is nearly as large as Spain and has a much richer soil, with scarcely any barren soil, it bids fair within the next few decades to become the home of many millions of people.

Not only its soil, mineral and forest wealth, but its very position and geography make it a promising land, It lies up the river highway which leads in from the doorway to "A Oontinent of Opportunity," and is so surrounded and bisected with great. river thoroughfares of com· merce, that at one time in her history, Paraguay was the leading naval country of South America, regardless of the fact that she is an in· land country.

The great Parana River, upon which large steamers ascend for more than a thousand miles above Buenos Aires, is so wide that one sees but one of its shores at a time until some four or five hundred miles has been navigated.

Paraguay is a land of great religious destitution. There are only about eighty Roman Oatholic priests in the whole country, and many of these are not actively at work. There is scarcely any well organized evangelical work at all being done: As much might be said of the public instruction. The university has but one college, the college of law. Out of a national population of nearly a million souls there are only about one hundred teachers

in training to take the place of the still fewer number now engaged in teaching. The illiteracy is appalling. In the cities and towns the percentage is above sixty. In the rural districts it is much worse. Out of a school population of nearly a quarter of a million only about eighty thousand go to school. In 1916, there were thirty-eight schools less than the year before. In the wllOle country there are only 477 schools for boys and 473 for girls.

The morality of the country also leaves a great deal to be desired. In one district the percentage of iIIigitimacy reaches the shocking figure of seventy-two.

Going fJ,'om the metropolis of Argentina to Asuncion, the capital of Paraguay, in many ways reminds one of going from London to northern Spain. The distance is about the same; the climate changes in about same proportion from cool to warm; and one passes from a modern to a relatively primitive civilization. The Roman Catholic Church sits in unmolested authority while the country dreams of its departed glory. The church is far less active in Paraguay than it is in Argentina,but is much more tolerant than in Spain.

Paraguay was m;llong the first to be settled of all the countries of either North or South America. The land was discovered by the celebrated Sebastian Cabot himself in 1525, and the first settlement was made in 1535, when Don Juan de Ayolas, in search of a commercial route between the east coast of South America and Peru, planted a fort just north of parallel 26 south latitude. This fort was named Asuncion in honor of the Virgin of the Assumption, and for many years has been the capital of the nation.

The most interesting event in the early history of the country is the coming of the Jesuits in 1610. There is no doubt but that many of them suffered great cruelties at the hands of ruthless, savage men, and underwent many hardships and privation of hunger, thirst and sickness due to tropical conditions. On their journeys through the trackless forests preaching to the Indians, they would sometimes be half starved, but would not take food unless it were freely offered to them. By defending the Indian they were often opposed and beset by their own unscrupulous countrymen who sought to exploit the simpleminded red-man. Before they were expelled from the country in 1767, by order of Charles III, King of Spain, this organized priesthood, the vanguard of Spanish civilization and culture, had builded their "houses by the side of many a road" and had become the- fast friends of the children of the forest.

In a few years they had as many as thirty-two "reducciones" (as their settlements were called) and a constituency of some forty thousand. Partly for self defense and partly "to serve his captive's need," the Jesuits organized hundreds of this sullen people into armiel'l, and equipped and drilled them into the most formidable fighting force of that early day.

PARAGUAY; THE NEGLECTED LAND OF LATIN AMERICA

But Labor and Capital in that long ago had a quarrel, and Capital won. The heartless slaver wanted hands with which to cultivate the plantations and to operate the mines. With that lucrative motive he often laid violent hands upon the unsophisticated, defenseless Indian. The Jesuit stretched his protecting arm over the poor native, and was therefore often in collision with his less compassionate countryman, the slave driver.

Though the Jesuit baffled the man trapper in the New World, the capitalist back in Spain would not be baffled. He got the King's consent that the Jesuits should go, and they went. When in 1767, Bu· carelli, the viceroy of Buenos Aires (Rio de la Plata) came to Paraguay with an armed force to carry out the King's orders, the Jesuits obeyed with their characteristic and reverent submission to superiors, although they well knew that had they chosen to give the word to their followers to resist, not one agent of the king would have been left to tell the tale.

EPOCH OF THE TYRANTS.

After the passing of the Jesuits two dates stand out distinctly in the history of Paraguay. In 1776, the country was made a part of the Viceroyalty of Buenos Aires (Rio de la Plata).

In 1810, when Argentina, and in 1814, when Uruguay threw off the yoke of Spain, Paraguay not only became independent of Spain, but of Argentina as well. Since then, as we have indicated above, her history has largely been the biography of three tyrants, Francis (1811- 1841), Carlos Lopez (1841-1862), 'and the illustrious son of the latter, Francisco Solano Lopez (1862·1870).

Though Francis has beeD" hailed "EL SUPREMO" in our own fiction, his work was largely reactionary. "He shut up the country", writes a Paraguayan historian, "from contact with the exterior world, in order to form a new nationality, not permitting anyone to leave the country and creating great difficulties for those who came in. Francis would not permit communication with Brazil except by way of Itapua."

The first Lopez was a benevolent dictator. He reversed the policy of Francis and, in addition, undertook many public works and ratified the independence of the country.

({1Vhat we have been makes us what we are,') if ever true, is certainly true of Paraguay today. Francisco Solano Lopez, in 1862, upon the death of his father, was elected President. He had formerly represented his country as minister to the courts of Spain, France and Great Britain, and had taken an inconspicuous part in the Crimean War. While in Europe it seems that he had become obsessed with the fatal notion that he was another Napoleon. At any rate about the time the Civil War in the United States closed, Lopez at the head of one of the greatest and most efficient armies ever marshalled on South American soil, found himself at war with the combined forces of Uruguay, Brazil

and Argentina. The Triple Alliance formed by these countries and signed in Buenos Aires May 1, 1865,had for its object the crushing of Lopez and with him the military despotism which threatened the peace and security of all South America.

Some give the population at it million before the war began in 1865, and at two hundred thousand when the war closed in 1870. There is no way of telling how many people perished in this senseless Armegeddon. One thing is certain, that the country has never emerged from the shadow of that valley of death and gloom into which an ambitious ruler plunged it. At the close of the war all was ruin and desolation. The political and economic situatioh was terrible. Education and morals were at the lowest ebb, and even yet are deplorable. The whole country was bled white. The odds were too great. Nearly all the able-bodied men including Lopez himself were finally left dead on the battle field. The only army left was one of widows and orphans, who with their backs to the wall and their faces toward the setting sun were left to bear the heavy burdens which tax both soul and body.

As is often the case in such great national disasters, the crushing weight of the tragedy fell upon woman. Could anything be more pathetic than her condition today? She and the burros are still the beasts of burden. With little to eat and wear, with many children to keep alive, and with heavy burdens to bear, barefooted aITd silently she goes through cold and heat asking naught of anyone and receiving nothing. For all the country is so poor, there are scarcely any beggars. Misery has plenty of company, or else their riches are commensurate with their standar<l of living. "The pain of Paraguay" has gone into proverb and into the literature of South America. There is a book by that title which paints the scene too black, perhaps; yet one is safe in saying, "the mirth of that land is gone."

PROTESTANT AMERICA'S RESPONSIBILITY.

What is the measure of our responsibility to this needy land? "To whom much is given much shall be required," these words, true when the Master gave them utterance, are truer still today. Much has been given us and is still being given us in more than one way which increases our responsibility to this "sullen people."

They are looking at us and to us. In looking at us they marvel at our greatness and many are beginning to ask themselves and us the reason for all this. All too often they explain North America's greatness only in terms of material well being. Many, however, are looking to us, for leadership, for guardianship against encroaching political evil, and for spiritual light; just as the merchants of that coun try are looking to North America for nearly all the manufactured articles sold in Paraguay. The Ford automobile is about the only machine sold in Asuncion. It is so common that some even say "El Ford" instead of "EI automovil." The United States Minister-Plenipotentiary, the

Hon. D. F. Mooney, is very popular. President Wilson is held in the very highest esteem. The memory of ex-President Hayes is kept green among them by naming one of their towns Villa Hayes, in gratitude for the service he rendered them in arbitrating a boundry dispute with a neighboring republic.

What is our concept of our responsibility to this needy people? Is it that of furnishing them for value received more gasoline, cement and tar soap? Does our programme lead us beyond that of building "greater barns"? As one looks upon American goods displayed in nearly every show window in Asuncion, the language of Dr. Henry Churchill King ought to challenge the very best: "Is the wider and wider sale of 'pinhead' and 'peacock' cigarettes, of kerosene oil, and of corrugated iron, even if it end finally in their world-wide conquest, the ultimate end of -Western civilization and the meaning of life? To violate those high spiritual convictions and ideals that are the very -soul of our civilization in our dealings with any people is to lose our own life."

Our real. "White Man's Burden" is to answer the call of them who sit in the "region of the shadow of death," that to them a "great light may spring up." We shall be measured by the weight of our contribution to their social, moral and spiritual well being, and not by the "Balance of Trade."

Why Send Missionaries to Latin America?

Because we are commanded by our Lord to preach the Gospel "to every creature."

Because the dominant church there does not teach the real Gospel of Jesus Christ.

Because the people have not been given the Bible or encouraged to read it.

Because the people have no assurance of salvation and peace with God.

Because the people have not been allowed "the right of private judg- ment," in reading the Bible, or in questions of conscience.

Because the priests, the Virgin Mary and saints are thrust between the sinner and the Savior.

Because salvation by works is there substituted for salvation by faith. Because religious rites are made a matter of money, as, for example, the masses for the dead, marriage, baptism and festivals. Because the people are not given that which_will satisfy their spiritual natures. Because wherever the Gospel has been faithfully proclaimed in these lands, there have been conversions and converts have become noble Chris- tian men and women.

Did They Do It?

BY WILLIAM M. DANNER, BOSTON, MASS.

American Secretary of the Mission to Lepers A church in Chicago recently took up an offering of $30,000 for foreign mis- sions. They are not wealthy people, but of the middle class. They had not pledged themselves to the work and the unusual demands of the war press on them as on others. They were not obliged to give so ) largely- l WHY DID THEY DO IT? f Why 'did this church, composed for the most part of people, who would be called "poor" as to this world's goods, deliberately plan for an Annual Missionary Rally which all knew would mean appeals for money?

Why did they appoint speoial committees and workers to plan and campaign unitedly for months in advance?

Why did these people forget that they had no comfortably cushioned and carpeted church, but were worshipping in a wooden Tabernacle, with sawdust for carpet and were sitting on the soft side of pine boards?

Why did they bring Missionary representatives from many different foreign mission Boards to present the missionary· work and appeal for money for many lands?

Why did the people crowd the tabernacle for afternoon and evening sessions for four days, and on Sunday come in almost continuous sessions for morning, afternoon and evening?

Why did 164 bright young people joyfully join the former volunteers in offer- ing themselves for Foreign Mission service?

Why did these people give out of their poverty, voluntary offerings, so largely that more than $30,000 was given or pledged for Foreign Mission Work?

Why did the pastor, without thought of his own needs, pour out his soul in words of entreaty, lovingly and faithfully urging his people to do their best to send the blessings of the Gospel to every creature?

The answer to these questions gives the reason why Christians rejoice in giving themselves and their substance to advance the cause of Christ at home and abroad. It is the conciousness of indebtedness to Jesus Christ and loyalty to His command and compassion for those who do not know His salvation, Long live the spirit which reflected "the compassion of Jesus" in the Third Annual Missionary Conference of the Moody Church, Chicago (May 29th to June 2d, 1918). May that spirit stir other churches so that they too may know the joy of being co-laborers with God for the redemption of the world.

the Krus to Keep the

BY REV. WALTER B. WILLIAMS, NANA, KRU MISSION Via Sinoe, Liberia, West Central Africa U SUALLY the Krus don't need to be taught to rest. That comes naturally to the native of a tropical country. But to rest on Sunday with your rice farm newly planted, or heading out, and hundreds of hungry birds waiting to take their part-ah, that's another story!

In this section church members as well as heathen spent their Sun- days in their rice farms. We preached for three apparently fruitless years. "The birds no fit to chop (eat) rice on Sundays?" was the uni- versal query. – "Of course, the birds will eat some, but God no fit to let you suffer if you obey His law," we reiterated. It was no use. The idea of letting the birds eat any was too repugnant to Kru nature.

Then a native rebellion and a revival swelled the number of our boarders at the N ana Kru Mission School to about 100. On top of that the European War inflated the price of rice beyond all reach. And rice is the "daily bread" of Kru school children.

Prudence said, "Cut down your school one-half, or close it." Christ said, "Feed My lambs." We cast prudence to the four winds and laid hold mightily upon God.

We cut a rice farm. True, we had never done such work before.

It is not included in one's bringing up in London, England, nor Philadel- phia, U. S. A. But, then, neither had we been taught to make soap, nor manufacture a yeast cake, nor build a house, nor sit on a Kru man's head while he carried us through a river up to his mouth. We had mastered these arts-and, anyway, the missionary's motto in Africa is, "You can because you must."

Our boys helped us faithfully. Acres of swamp land were cleared of an eight years' growth of bush. Anxious days were spent scanning the sky for clouds while the debris was drying. One glorious day ar- rived when everything went up in smoke. Dirty days followed when cleaning the ground by hand was the order of business. Brighter days came when the air resounded with the click of hoes as long ranks of women and girls-in all 220-advanced, cutting the ground, covering the seed, and planting cassava with their toes.

Then came Sunday. We put the newly planted rice farm into God's hands on Saturday night "and rested the Sabbath Day." And then we saw God's purpose in all this toil, for, while the heathen could close their ears to the preached word, they could not close their eyes to the illus- trated sermon of an unwatched rice farm on every Lord's Day. A thou-

sand eyes were upon us. Whether or not the birds ate their part, we do not know. The rice sprouted and grew luxuriantly. The heathen waited in non-committal silence. Then came the drought. All around us rice farms withered and died under the blazing sun. Our own rice began to look a little rusty. We went to persistent, united prayer. Rain feUtons of it-into the greedy sea, but only a light sprinkling upon land. It was as if God said, "See, I hear your prayer, but you must wait a little." We saw God's hand in this t~st of faith when we found out that in the town a devil woman had been engaged to conjure rain.

Our rice, unspoiled by the drought, began to head out. "Surely now you no fit to leave your rice on Sundays," our neighbors plead, almost in tears, for to deliberately waste food in hungry Kruland is the unpardonable sin. Every possible concession was advanced. "Pay our town boys to watch your farm on Sundays while you do your church work," was the popular suggestion. Anything except trust God!

Faithfully was the bird watching done week by week. A score of boys, through drenching cold rain, under blazing hot sun, from daydawn to sunset, six days out of every seven, drove away the rice birds from the grain. Day and night sessions of school were held by the missionaries so that no student should lose his beloved studies because of the farm.

Not only did our boys watch. They prayed. Earnestly, importunely, every morning and before eating every night, great volumes of prayer went up to God, that He would take care of the rice and show the heathen that He had power. Their own faith grew and deepened, and so did the faith of our native workers.

To adults, with families dependent upon them, with all their people against them, with relatives refusing to let them have seed rice because they said, "You teach the birds to eat rice," and "You waste the rice by letting the birds eat it on Sundays"-to such adults, leaving their farms untended by any visible helper on the Lord's Day was a sore test of faith.

One or two faltered, but most stood firm, and it was given to these to declare: "If the birds chop (eat) all our rice, all right, it be good, God will bring something else for us." Timid Christians went into their farms on Sundays and in every case lost nearly the entire crop, while the farms, unwatched on Sundays, of stronger Christians, right beside theirs, yielded such abundant harvest that men exclaimed, "God can do something I"

We had the best crop of rice in the country, and the natives say that if this Mission rice farm belonged to anyone man, they would take him by force and make him king. The visible appeals to the African more than anything else. What he sees he believes in.

This farm was a farm of prayer. Before cutting, it was dedicated by prayer. Before burning, it was dedicated again by prayer. The planting rice was dedicated by prayer. And prayer has gone up unceasingly for it. The results prove that it pleased God.

@ @ ~"'_"""wBu'E''S_T_'~OMUUUB'''T''H'iIOUU'D''S''_''''~n

BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, RICHMOND, VIRGINIA Chairman of the Committee on Methods of Work of the Federation of Woman's Foreign Mission Boards CONFERENCE ENTHUSIASM HARNESSED FOR SERVICE.

pOWER enough theve- to run the "If I could only stay here and work world," said the man who viewed every day with such people as are in Niagara with the calculating eye of this conference 1"

the practical engineer looking for The ambition of the disciples to motor power, "if only it could be prop- build three tabernacles was all right.

erly harnessed up." The Lord questioned not their am- Thousands, yea, tens of thousands bition, but their choice of a site.

of delegates, have been enrolled at Their abodes were to be built, not missionary conferences this summer. on the mountain of transfiguration, Power enough is there to reach to the but down in the plains and valleys ends of the earth, if the enthusiasm of below, so that they might live and these mountain tops of religious ex- work among the throngs of people perience can be harnessed in actual who were not privileged delegates to service in the valleys and plains in the conference on the mountain top, which these same delegates are going and might carry to them the inspira- to live their every-day lives during the tion of the message of the transfigura- winter. tion.

Typical of modern summer confer- Another great mountain-top experi- ence delegates are the going home ex- ence was that of Moses on Sinai. Such periences of the Bible. When Peter, spiritual heights were there reached James and John were on the Mount that we are told of the only delegate of Transfiguration they did not want who went up from the plains below to go home at all. that, as he went on the homeward "It is good for us to be here," ar- journey, "the skin of his face shone."

gued they. "Let us build three taber- No delegate ever had a note book that nacles." promised to be more durable and in- Truly, that was a choice company. destructible than were Moses' tables Could they have stayed on the moun- of stone. Yet he did not even reach tain with Moses and Elijah and their home with his message. So dis- Lord, it seemed that the realization couraged and angered was he by the of their ideals would be much easier indifference and the sin of the people of reach than surrounded by the peo- who had stayed at home that he broke ple who had seen no vision of trans- the very. message God had given him figuration. At a recent conference to take back to them.

Mrs. W. H. Farmer said: "Most of The coldest breezes that blow are us would rather put on ascension robes those that greet the enthusiastic delethan overalls." Easier far is it to gate returning from a summer con- sing ference. The myriad golden calves of "Here I'll sit forever viewing"- the valleys below with their throngs of worshippers are apt to chill the than to right about face and march to enthusiasm of the most ardent delethe duties of the valley below, singing gate. Coming straight down from the mountain heights it is hard to remem- "Onward Christian soldiers."

A delegate at a Northfield Confer- ber that our whole congregation has ence remarked: not been lifted by the inspiration that

has come to us. Choice delegate he, the churches to a winter conference who can keep his "tables of stone" modeled in so far as possible on the unbroken as he faces the discourage- summer conference plan. No morn- ments of his home church and who ing sessions were possible, as most of can go to the workshop of his daily living with a face stilI shining with the young people were at work, but his mountain-top vision. she arranged a splendid program for three hours every evening of her con- Heartening also to the disheartened ference week. She had two forty- is the experience of Elijah on Mt. five-minute periods of Mission Study Carmel. Such heights did Elijah's and one address each evening. Her faith attain on Carmel that it soared plan has been in operation now for to highest Heaven and brought down three successive years, and this winter fire to consume the offering and lick conference has brought to the home up the very water from the trenches, church some of the best features of yet from Carmel to the juniper tree the summer conferences and has en- was but a day's journey. Under the rolled on these three successive years . juniper tree the man who but yester- approximately seventy, one hundred, day attained the heights of courage and one hundred and fifty people in and faith descends into the very depths attendance. of discouragement and weakly prays, "Lord, it is enough; take away my A Missionary House Party.-An life." extension plan for summer conference influence has been devised by some of Some delegates become utterly dis- the wide awake leaders of the World couraged at the depression in their Wide Guild, the Baptist Missionary feeling which so often follows the organization for girls. The following thrilling experiences of the mountain tops. They conclude that their en- irresistible letter which was mailed to thusiasm must have been spurious and local leaders explains the plan, which their vision a delusion. Matthew is not "protected by copyright" : Arnold had the vision. He also had the depression which so often follows Dear – – . the vision. Espe<;:ially for summer conference delegates must he have A great many girls throughout Monroe penned: County keep saying to me: "How I would love to go to a summer Conference at "Tasks in hours of insight willed Northfield, but it's so far, or so expensive," May be in hours of gloom fulfilled." or so something else, equally impossible to them. So imagine how delighted I am to Realize, oh ye hosts of returning be able to write you that we are actually delegates, that the finest work is some- going to have a real "Little Northfield" all times done in these hours of gloom, our own, right here in Monroe County. and not always in spontaneous bursts of joy. Final victory awaits that de- The Rochester Young Wot4en's Christian termination which perseveres in the Association has kindly consented to give us grind of every-day difficulty. the use of their attractive Sea Breeze camp by the lake, (an hour's ride from Rochester Who Follows in This Train? by trolley) for the entire last week in Au- gust, for a World Wide Guild Houseparty. A Winter Conference in New Jer- The rates, as given on blue dodgers, will sey. Several years ago a young be within the reach of all, so surely your woman .from New Jersey went to a church can send at least one delegate. Summer Conference. She saw a vision and she was eager to incarnate Under separate cover I am sending you that vision in a life of service. She some blue descriptive dodgers, which I hope longed to reproduce for the churches you will distribute enthusiastically among at home the meetings which had meant the girls in your church. We would be so much to her. When she went home glad to have you choose wisely-perhaps she invited the young people of all you already know one or two girls who could be "live wires" if they only caught an inspiration and learned definite plans to carry out. Our Houseparty is exciting widespread enthusiasm (and envy) outside the county, because it not only promises to give girls lots of wholesome fun, with stunts and games and sports, but the "Little Northfield" side of the plan also assures

BEST METHODS

the girls of a Conference fairly bristling hear from you by August 1st. at the very with new ideas, clever schemes, and simple latest, I am, workable programs, just waiting to be put into practice in your home church. Al- Cordially yours, ready we have been able to secure the promises of some leaders known nation- The Boring of One Delegate ally for W. W. G. and children's work: Miss Alma Noble, Miss Mary Noble, Mrs. A Pennsylvania school teacher was Frank Crouch, Miss Margaret Applebarth persuaded to go to one of the Silver and others, including some splendid mis- Bay conferences ten years ago. She sionaries. The evening sessions are all to frankly confided to a friend that she be inspirational, and the morning ones very was going solely because her expenses practical and definite, as this tentative were paid and she expected to be schedule will show: "bored to death" just for the sake of getting a little outing. She prepared (9-1O)-Bible class. to endure the boring heroically and to (10 to H)-Two electives will be open find her recompense in the pleasure of the trip and the wonderful beauty for choke: of the surroundings. Her intentions I "Big Sisters for Little Sisters (and to skip as many classes as she con- Brothers !)". scientiously could were completely frustrated not by any watchful es- Monda:v–"Mission Stories for the Primary pionage, but by the intense interest Department." with which she faced for the 'first time in her life the compelling task of a Tuesday-"Lively Plans for the Lively world to be won. The work outlined Junior Department." challenged the best that was in her. She went back home and presented Wednesday-HThe Wee Jewels." (Cradle that same challenge to her church in Roll Department.) eight Mission Study classes which she led the following winter. She orga- Thursda:v–uThe Children's World Cru- nized a Missionary Committee in her sade." church and worked out a thorough missionary policy for the Sunday- Friday-"Casting Out Some Missionary school. Every year that church has Imps." continued to send delegates to the summer conference. The one who Saturday-"How to Make Pagodas. Huts, went up ten years ago to be "bored Dolls, Etc." to death" has become an outstanding missionary leader, whose name has II. "Open Doors for W. W. G. Girls." appeared on a number of programs of Monday-UThrough the Keyhole." (How the largest summer conferences this summer. to arouse curiosity-Ban- quets, Socials, Posters, A Kansas Lawyer's Verdict etc.) Tuesday-"Seven Keys to Call Kate." Three years ago a young Kansas W ednesday-"Rusty Hinges." (Bad Pro- lawyer went to the Estes Park Sum- grams versus good ones.) mer Conference. With reluctant feet Thursday-HKnobs that turn Easily." went he. What business was there for (Painless ways of raising a lawyer at a missionary conference! Money.) Chiefly because his sister urged him Friday-"Locked Up." (What, When and to go he was there. In a Home Mis- How in regard to Mission- sion Study Class taught by Mr. Felton ary Books.) he saw, not America only, but the Saturday-UDoor Mats and Door Belles." whole world as he had never seen the (Some Missionary Bees world before. His legal mind set it- for Missionary Bonnets.) self to the fair settling of the case (1l-12)-The new' study books discussed. before him. He accepted the verdict Needless to say our space will be limited as only 60 can be accommodated, so reservations will be made in the order received. "Work it up" at once, therefore. One easy way is to make a poster to display on your church bulletin board: Take a sheet of white cardboard, and paste two of the blue dodgers on it-one, front side out, the other, back side out. In the triangular space between print: GIRLS: ISN'T THIS THRILLING Sign Up If You Can Go Then leave some room for names. Hoping that your church may gain great benefit from the Houseparty, and asking to

which changed all of his plans for his tion but of every denomination in the life. His ambition to win cases in state of New York. No human power America paled before the consuming can estimate the influence upon the passion which came to him to win lives of thousands of boys and girls souls for his Lord in India, and in resulting from this investment.

India today that summer -conference enthusiasm is working in the daily A University Student's Way harness of actual, hard service. Said a young university student, "I want to do something to take the An Illustrator's Pen missionary message to the men at the Did you ever notice the initials "J. . university next winter. Just a handful G." on some of the most attractive of of them are at any summer confer- the Saturday Evening Post cover de- ence. I think the best thing I could signs? Have you noticed the same do would be to put the MISSIONARY initials and the same strong points in REVIEW OF THE WORLD in the reading the illustrations of several of the new room." "I think," said another dele- missionary books, which illustrations gate, " that my definite investment have elevated these books to an entire- that will count for the most is to send ly different class from the missionary the REVIEW to our mission stations."

publications of a few years ago? Good suggestions, both. If any re- The harnessing of summer confer- turned delegates or any who did not ence enthusiasm did it! A talented go to a summer conference want to young artist was at a summer confer- harness some enthusiasm for splendid ence several years ago. As she heard service in an investment sure to bring of heroic service she too longed to returns "Best Methodsl} will be glad serve. The old question came to her: to handle that also, and see that the "What hast thou in thine hand?" REVIEW goes to university reading She took that which was in her rooms and to missionaries on the fir- hand-a skilled pen and brush-and ing line, either in the homeland or in made them serve in a way which has foreign fields. A movement is on reached mUltiplied thousands. foot to put the REVIEW in every mis- sion station, in every college and semi- Into Every Orphan Home in New York nary library and in every Protestant At the 1917 Blue Ridge Conference church in America. Helpers are a quiet girl arose at the last session needed to carry out this plan to bring of the class in the Missionary Educa- the inspiration and stimulus of the tion of Juniors, and said: messages in the REVIEW to those on "Among the determinations I have the frontier or in positions of influ- made in this class is one that I .will ence at home.

place Everyland in every orphan home of my denomination in my Swing Wide- the Doors of Governors'

state." Mansion It was not a big proposition. It in- Among the delegates at last sum- volved the expenditure of only a few mer's conferences were at least two dollars, but it offered a possibility of governors' wives. Mrs. Bickett, wife large returns on a small investment. of North Carolina's good governor, The determination of this girl was went back home from the Blue Ridge mentioned in a talk at the 1918 Silver Conference to harness her enthusiasm'

Bay Conference, and brought a sug- into service. One thing she did was gestion to a prominent N ew York to invite all missionary societies of lawyer of an opportunity for harness- the different denominations repre- ing some of his convention enthusiasm. sented in North Carolina's capital to a The next morning that lawyer pro- missionary meeting. Now guberna- posed to put Everyland in every or- torial doors have swung wide to many phan home not only of his denomina- meetings, but not often have thes~

meetings been of a missionary char- whole life .of her congregation. She acter. Notwithstanding the down- was not revolutionary. Quietly and pour of rain the women gathered by tactfully she went about her work. When sue was asked how she acdozens and by scores to discuss the complished so much, she said: great opportunities of the mission fields of the world. The influence of "Two things have, throughout the such active missionary zeal in the year, kept alive the fire of inspiration home of the chief executive is being gained at the summer conference. One felt throughout "the good old North is my oft-repeated prayer to God for His guidance, and the other is the con- State." This year both Governor stant inspiring memory, v~ry real and and Mrs. Bickett attended the confer- vivid, of the happiness of that sumence, the governor being one of the mer conference experience." speakers. Taking a Missionary Institute Back Home One Girl Did This The time was thirteen years ago. A young girl went home from a The place was a beautiful little town conference with a great desire to be of of 1800 inhabitants, about thirty-five service to her Lord in giving to her miles from Buffalo, New York. The church was a small one with only 186 church at home the missionary in- members on its roll, without a reguspiration which h"ad come to her. She lar pastor for two years. No prayer meetings had been held for eighteen went to her pastor and talked over months and activities were at a dewith him her hopes and ambitions, cidedly low ebb. The new pastor was and together they worked out a plan just out of the seminary. He was a missionary enthusiast, not of the sputfor more thorough missionary educa- tering, but of the steadily burning type. tion in the congregation. In the winter of 1905 the Mission- ary Education Movement (then the Here are some of the things that Young People's Missionary Movewere actually done which transformed ment) held a three-day Institute in the life of that congregation: Buffalo. They gave courses in Mis- sion Study, and Methods of Mission- Every organization or society in the cOn- ary Education. On that faculty were gregation was asked to appoint one mem- Mr. Charles V. Vickery, now Execuber to serve on a Church Missionary Board. tive Secretary of the Armenian-Syrian The Board thus constituted faced the task Relief Committee; Dr, S. Earl Taylor, of planning and putting into effective oper- the present Secretary of the Methoation through the various societies of the dist Centenary, and Mr. B. Carter church an adequate policy of missionary Millikin, Educational Secretary of the education. Presbyterian Board of Foreign Mis- sions. For some months the pastor This girl met with the Executive Commit- of this littfe country church had been tee of the Women's Missionary Society, and wondering how he could get missions interested them in a Mission Study book into his church and give his people a so that they introduced this new feature. vision of the world. The young people were willing to respond to his The Men's Brotherhood was tactfully appeals, but they had never studied encouraged to invite certain good mis- missions and had never been trained sionary speakers. for leadership. When that pastor re- ceived the announcement of that Mis- The Sunday-school program was made to sionary Institute he knew that his opinclude some missionary teaching with portunity had drawn near. He imdemonstrations and missionary exerc~es on mediately made up his mind to have certain Sundays.

The Christian Endeavor Society became one of the livest organizations in the church through its splendid programs of missionary material, which were introduced.

The Intermediate Christian Endeavor Society became interested in mission study by delightful informal meetings at this delegate's horne once a week to go over the new books.

The Junior Society was not forgotten. It also was visited and programs on Mission Study books were planned.

Thus did one delegate go home and give a missionary impulse to the

a large delegation attend from his a Missionary Institute or to a Summer church. The Buffalo Committee Conference." wrote him that the delegation from his small church must be limited to Rules for Returned Delegates four. When a delegation of fourteen volunteered to go that Buffalo com- 1. Garb your enthusiasm in overmittee gave extension privileges to alls. their ruling, and that little country church claimed the privilege of supply- 2. Put not on any superior airs of ing the shortage in the delegations of disdain when your pastor does not some of the large city churches which equal the eloquence of your favorite were not able to muster their fuJI Moses or Elijah of the conference. quota. These fourteen delegates at- Neither Moses nor Elijah could do it tended every session of that Institute. if he had to preach twice a Sunday and commuting on each of the three days. prepare prayer meeting talks extra.

. They returned home with such a 3. Do not lose patience with the vision as they had never had before. people who were not there. Preserve The day after, the pastor summoned the shining of your face and deliver them all to the manse and told them your "tables of stone" unbroken, even that he wanted to organize some Mis- though you find the folks back home sion Study Classes in the church. His absorbed with their golden calves. proposal was greeted enthusiastically, but the common wail followed im- 4. Do not expect an eager throng mediately-"Where will you get the to meet you at the station begging to leaders ?" "From this delegation," be enrolled in Mission Study classes was the quick response. After some without delay. discussion eight of those young people agreed to lead classes, although none S. Remember that your summer had ever led a class before. Within a month eight Mission Study classes, conference vision is a thing not to with a total enrollment of eighty, out frame, but to incarnate. of a church membership of one hundred and eighty-six, were meeting 6. Face the task of the home church weekly at the homes of the leaders. with enthusiasm continued, which is perserverance, which is success. Here is the result in a nut shell: Nearly one-half of the entire mem- 7. Begin immediately to work up bership of the church began to study your delegation for next summer's missions; the benefits of the Institute conference. were passed on to sixty-six persons who had not attended it. Missions BACK OF THE POETRY, PROSE soon became a live topic in the church; the contributions for missions and "A man went down to Panama, benevolence quadrupled; and many Where many men had died, leaders were developed. Today that little church is 'represented on the To slit the sliding mountain foreign field by two of its members- And raise the eternal tide; one in Africa and the other in Syria, and that young pastor has become a A man stood up in Panama missionary leader whose influence is And the mountain stood aside." nation-wide, and world-wide. His recent advice along this line is: Do we catch the prose behind the "If you want to interest your church poetry? The prose of the Panama in Missions ana develop leaders, don't Canal and the poetic standing aside of try to do all the work yourself. Send the mountains were shovel and pick, a delegation of your young people to and some one who dug, dug, dug. Even after the mountains stood aside there was landslide after landslide which meant dig again.

If the man who went down to Panama had given up in the face of difficulties, as easily as do some sum- mer conference delegates, never a mountain would have stood aside and never an eternal tide would have been lifted.

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY MRS. O. R. JUDD, BROOKLYN, N. Y., Representative of the Council of Women for Home Missions A MIGHTY MOVEMENT TOWARD million will be distributd among five RACIAL CO-OPERATION. other schools of the C. M. E. Churcli in amounts of $50,000 each. Besides T By President Albert Deems Betts. these sums, over $200,000 is to be set HE recent General Conference of aside for the development of our the Southern Methodist Church, African Mission in the Belgian Congo. which met in Atlanta, Georgia, was more responsive to the needs of our It is a most wise policy to lend the colored brethren than any General larger aid to Paine College in order to Conference since the War between the make it an institution of commanding States. Historians have generally importance and representative of the overlooked the fad that in the middle true spirit of Southern Methodism in of the last century Southern Method- her attitude to our colored brethren. ism was spending over $100,000 an- Altogether $400,000 is to go to Paine nually for missions to the slaves. So College; and, in addition, there will the present great advance is another be a substantial support given through case of history repeating itself; the the proceeds of the assessment for colspirit of the fathers has descended ored work. This will make it an inupon their grandchildren. And it is a stitution worth over a half million; glorious fact. and it can then provide for three times as many students as now, or nearly a To be more specific: (1) The Con- thousand a year. ference authorized an assessment for colored work amounting to $55,250 To sum up: Southern Methodism annually. This alone is an advance of proposes to raise in the next five years 250 per cent. at one stroke. Half of approximat.ely $1,200,000 to help train the funds so realized will be distrib- and equip a Christian leadership for uted by the Board of Education, and the Negro race. It is a mighty prothe other half will be administered by gram and worthy of our great Church, the Board of Missions. But the funds though by no means all that we ought will be used to aid in practically all to do. We will do still better as the phases of the work of the Colored years go by. In proportion to our size Methodist Episcopal Church. It is and means it is doubtful if there is understood that much of the aid ren- another Church in the nation that has dered will be upon the "dollar for dol- so large a program for this cause for lar" proposition, which is very wise, the coming four years. It is a great in order to stimulate a corresponding task we have set ourselves. But we generosity in behalf of wisely planned can do it, and by the Lord's help we and very important enterprises. will.

(2) The Missionary Centenary car- Only the Gospel of Christ can bring ries with it a program for raising men of varying clans and races into about $1,000,000 for the religious wel- helpful co-operation and mutual love. fare and training of the Negro. The This will be the supreme need of the Woman's Missionary Council proposes new era that is dawning upon the to raise about $250,000 for the cause, world, and the peace and prosperity of which $150,000 will go to Paine of all mankind for time and eternity Annex, Augusta, Ga. The Board of are dependent on the power of Him Missions proposes to raise $500,000, who reigns in both justice and love. of which $250,000 will go to Paine College,' and the other quarter of a Note.-The article by President Betts was sent to the editor with the request

that it be printed in the bulletin. While sion Home Missionary Volunteer the advance movement described is not Work in our country be raised in acthat of one of our Women's Boards, it cordance with adopted denominational plans or by a special "Home Mission is of interest to all members of the Coun- Volunteer Fund." cil of Women as an indication that the hopes of the years are finding fulfillment in the translation of purpose into defi- That "the stranger in our midst" is nite, intelligent action. We heartily con- upon the hearts of the Christian gratulate our Southern Methodist friends women of our land the above resolu- tion recently passed by the Minnesota on this great work in behalf of the Ne- Woman's Home Missionary Union gro race.-B. G. J.

Home Missionary Volunteer Resolution convincingly shows. In this connec- "Realizing that a great proportion tion it must ever be kept in mind that of the popUlation of the United States the consecration of the individual of America is composed of foreign worker depends above all on the con- peoples, who have come to our coun- secration of the home. Christian par- try to enjoy the privileges and the op- ents are primarily responsible both for portunities of a democratic govern- prayer for the advance of Christ's ment, yet are unchristianized and per- kingdom on earth and for the thrust- meated with erroneous beliefs and doc- ing forth and the equipping of the trines instilled under the adverse con- young men and young women who ditions of their native lands; and being shall be specially engaged in the convinced that these constitute a great King's service. To Christian fathers menace to our Christian ideals and the and mothers and to Christian teachers development of a strong Christian is committed the supreme task of so civilization for the present and for exalting by example and precept "the the future generations; Name that is above every name" that "Also realizing the existence of young people shall recognize in His similar needs and dangers among the service the highest privilege of their backward races native to our home- lives and joyfully devote to it every land, and the urgent need of conse- energy of life.

crated, trained and skilled workers World conditions today are teach- among all classes and conditions ing us anew the need not so much of among all peoples in our midst; the giving of money and the devotion "Therefore, be it resolved that we, of every material resource as the out- the members of the Minnesota Wom- pouring of life. In earthly warfare the an's Home Missionary Union, earn- soldier may be drafted. In the service estly request the Congregational of God the only soldier who count3 is Woman's Home Missionary Federa- the one who enlists, freely, voluntarily tion of the United States to present giving himself. What measure of to all Student Missionary conferences grace is needed in the Christian home or conventions, to all Y. M. C. A. and and church, what faithful teaching, to all Y. W. conferences or conven- what constant communion with the tions, and to a11 Christian Endeavor Father and close fellowship with the and Young People's organizations of Son to bring to pass such an enlist- all denominations in our country, the ment of volunteers-as will be ade- matter of volunteer work for Home quate to the world's needs!

Missions and that the names of these And do we ask as does the last para- volunteers be registered with their graph of the resolution, "What of the home missionary denominational money to provide for such an army?"

boards. The answer comes, "0 ye of little "Also realizing that money is need- faith !" Could He provide for those ed for the promotion of so great a who centuries ago said, "Lo, we have 'cause, left all and followed thee" and make "Be it further resolved that the their ministry felt throughout the funds for the promotion of an exten- length and breadth of the Roman -Em-

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

pire, then will He provide today. All of their nation beating steady, quiet hail the volunteer! and strong; if they can so mobilize Mission Study Class Teachers that the front lines of battle can be held, what of the women of the The Council of Women for Home Church of God? Can they not mobi- Missions receives applications from lize on this one day to petition God teachers of Home Mission Study with prevailing power for the Classes who desire the endorsement of strengthening of the moral fiber of the the Council. It is the policy of the nation, for the relief of a bleeding Council not to ,advertise names but a list of available teachers is kept at world, for the redemption of a lost world? headquarters. Mission Study Classes in the Southwest can secure the name As we hold the home base of prayer of a possible teacher of Home Mis-' and service, the front lines of battIe sions by applying to Council head- in God's Kingdom will be held. Shall quarters, Room 1011, 156 Fifth Ave- it be so? nue, New York City. This applies to local classes in the fall or next winter. The program submitted by the Council of Women for Home Mis- sions for the observance of this day A CALL TO THE CHRISTIAN i~ merely sqggestive and may be WOMANHOOD OF AMERICA adapted to local needs.

A .. LL Christian women, of all de- MRS. LUKE JOHNSON, nominations, North, East, West Chairman Day of Prayer Committee.

and South, are requested to join in PROGRAM a service of prayer on November 21, Woman's Day Week of Prayer 1918–a union service, if possible, Theme: that there may be strength. Christian America The women of city churches, of vil- The Lasting Liberty Bond lage churches, of country churches, are called to unite in this day of pray- Arrow Points for er for America and its institutions, in this, its hour of gravest crisis. Thought and Prayer Perhaps no lesson of these war 1. Fundamental Principles of times ·is more apparent than that of Our National Government. organization, of speedy mobilization, The Kingdom of God. of concentration upon a given task. 2. A New Era The American government calls for In American National Life. money, for life, for prayer, and the In American Christian Life. nation responds.

The church is calling upon its 3. America's Leadership women to pour out their lives in Of Nations.

praver on this set day. Of Spiritual Forces.

"Ralph Connor" (Major Charles 4. The Call of the Hour W. Gordon) said: "If those women To the Nation. of France had not pushed their men To the Church. out to the front, and taken their places at home, France would never be hold- ing her line today." 1. Principles.

He further said: "If the women of . Scripture texts: Proverbs 14 :34 Britain had not pushed their men out and 16 :12. Psalms 33 :12; John to the front and rushed in millions to 8:36; Romans 14:17.

supply their places. in factories and State the principles of the Con- machine shops, Britain would never stitution of. the U njted States.

be holding her front lines today." State the principles of the If those wom~n can keep the heart Kingdom of God.

Pray for 2. The Church in America, that it 1. Our country, that it will hold may "brother all the sons of true to the Christian principles earth and make them sons of and ideals upon which it was God."

founded, and that it will share its 3. The Church-that it may make strength and opportunities with democracy safe for the world."

all mankind. 4. The Y. M. C. A., the Y. W. C.

2. The Church, that it will not fail A., the Salvation Army, the to meet its present day test and of Chaplains, and all who minister bring all men to recognize the to the spiritual life our soldiers and sailors. Lordship of Christ and the su- premacy of His Everlasting 4. The Call.

Kingdom. Scripture texts: Romans 13 :1, 3. Victory for America and her Al- Galatians 5:1, Ephesians 6:11 lies, that righteousness and peace to 18, I Timothy 2 :1, 2.

may prevail in the earth. Outline the call to America in 2. New Era. this hour of world peril.

Scripture texts: Isaiah 42:9 to Outline the call of God to His 16; Daniel, 2 :20, 21. Church in this hour of crisis.

Indicate the changed condi- Pray for tions in the different phases of 1. The American Government, that our national life. it may ever be the defender of Indicate the changed emphasis free peoples and free institu- and the new situation facing the tions; that it may establish a uni- Church. fied English-speaking America, Pray for inspired with Christian ideals.

1. The wisdom of God to be given Repeat: to the rulers of our Government, God bless our loved land I Firm may she ever stand that in quietness and confidence they may find strength from God. Through storm and night. 2. The coming of justice and right- When tempests roar and rave eousness in the individual and so- 'Mid perils dark and grave, Do Thou our country save cial relations of our country. By Thy great might!

3. The Americanization and Chris- Pray for tianization of an races within our 1. The Chur<:h, that it may speedily bring about the mobilization of borders. 4. The men and boys who fight and Prayer Power Life Power bleed and die today for the free- Money Power . dom of the world. for the healing of the nations! 3. Leadership. 2. The Red Cross in all 'its forms of relief and unselfish service; the Scripture texts: Deuteronomy physicians and nurses and all 7 :6, Isaiah 2:2 to 4, Isaiah 55:5 who minister to those who suffer and die that the world may be and 60:1 to 5. free. Wherein is the new leadership Pray of the Nation? Wherein is the leadership of Grant us the Spirit of Speed, Thou knowest, 0 Lord, the need the Church emphasized? Pray for 1. America to set the standards of In the trodden highways, along the greatness for nations upon the bY-ways, standards of the Gospel of Christ, Where souls for the Gospel plead. Do Thou send us Lord, with Thy and that America may exist, not blessed Word, to serve herself, but to serve For they die so fast who have not mankind. yet heard. o give us the Spirit of Speed!

News Of War

AN ARMY AND NAVY CHURCH Navy, 2,231,831 Bibles, Testaments T HE Baptist Union Council of and portions. This has meant an Great Britain and Ireland has de- average output of over a thousand cided to form a Baptist Army and volumes every working hour, of every Navy Church, from which men can working day, during the twelve be transferred at the dose of the war months! to churches in their respective home districts. Forms of application and SOLDIER COMMENT ON I certificates of membership have been CAMP LIFE N order to reassure those who are prepared and sent to Baptist chaplains. The constitution provides that anxious about moral conditions in the church shall include those serving the camps, the pastor of the Dudley in the forces at home or abroad who Street Baptist Church, Boston, gives are already members of a Baptist the following quotations from two church and others who desire to be- among several letters he has received: come members on the basis of a dec- "From a Southern camp: I .want laration of repentance towards God, you to know that I am keeping up of faith in Jesus Christ, and a desire my Bible-study, prayer and church- to follow Him and to do His will. attendance. The men of my battery are a lot of fine, clean, moral fellows. Membership will be open to any can- I don't know just what would happen to a man who brought disgrace upon didates satisfying this requirement, his fellows by his actions. Weare though precluded by circumstances or standing for the best things. I do conviction from making a profession of faith by baptism. A register will not find the rottenness in the army I be kept of all who desire baptism as expected to discover. Men in the soon as opportunity permits. army, the same as in civilian life, find BIBLES BY THE MILLION companionship according to their de- sires. If a fellow wants. rottenness, THE World's Sunday School As- he can find those who will rot with sociation has supplied, from the him; if he wants clean living, he will find those who would die before they opening of war in 1914 to the end of would stain their souls or sacrifice 1917, to the soldiers on both sides their morals." approximately 1,500,000 Bibles, Testaments. and portions. From one in the Aviation Service: "The fellows in my corps are a very Since August, 1914, the British and clean lot, and very easy to get along Foreign Bible Society has distributed, with. I am delighted to learn that including several hundred thousand the moral conditions incidental to which the American Bible Society army life are far better than I was supplied them, over 7,000,000 Bibles, led to suppose by what I had heard Testaments and portions, not only and read previous to my enlistment. among the troops of the British Empire and her Allies, but also among The men with whom I am associated their foes, and in the ranks of their bitterest enemies. The National Bible come from some of the best homes of Society of Scotland has circulated our country; and while some fellows over 3,000,000 Scriptures among the use a good deal of profanity, still I· men of war since August, 1914. think we average as high in morality Since America entered the war the as any bunch of fellows to be found American Bible Society has issued, in in civilian life."-Christian Endeavor special bindings for the Army and World.

MSOUTHERN CAMP PASTORS odist Episcopal, the Baptist, and the EMBERS of the Methodist Epis- Roman Catholic. Among the candi- copal Church, South, in the dates are members of at least three State of Texas, have appropriated Roman Catholic orders and several $70,000 for the work of camp ·pastors. Protestant denominations, all working Thirteen thousand dollars has been and conferring together.

raised for this same purpose in Vir- The course covers a period of five ginia, according to Bishop Walter R. weeks and during instruction the can- Lambuth, chairman of the War Work didates receive salary and wear the Commission of the Methodist Episco- uniform of a private of the United pal Church, South. This money will States Army.

be used for the salaries of camp pas- tors and for the erection of tabernacles MINISTERS STUDY WAR AIMS outside the camps. Already six taber- UNDER the auspices of the Na- nacles have been erected in southern tional Com mit tee on the camp communities and eighteen camp Churches and the Moral Aims of the pastors are working among the vari- War a series of institutes have been ous cantonments. These camp pas- held at educational centers in differ- tors co-operate with the Y. M. C. A. ent parts of the country this summer, and Red Cross, so that there will be the fundamental purpose being to no duplication of effort. "Distinctive study how the churches may make the evangelistic work is also being accom- best use of their opportunities for war plished by these pastors," said Bishop service. The first institute was held Lambuth. at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn., June 12th and 13th, and TRAINING SCHOOL FOR brought together more than one hun- CHAPLAINS dred ministers from six Southern TRAINING schools for chaplains states, Tennessee, Kentucky, Missis- have been established at several sippi, Alabama, Arkansas and Geor- points-one at Fortress Monroe, Va.; gia.

another in Texas and one at Louis- On the first day inspiring addresses ville, Ky. were delivered on such subjects as The Training School for Chaplains "Why We Are Fighting," "The New conducted by Maj. Alfred A. Pruden, City," "The New Social Order, and ;J chaplain of the Coast Artillery The Church in This Crisis." Sir Corps, at Camp Taylor, is modeled on George Adam Smith addressed the the lines of the Reserve Officers' Institute on "Great Britain's Message Training School. Stress is laid upon to America." The second day of the military affairs rather than upon the- Institute was devoted to an intensive ological instruction. All candidates study of the League of Nations movehave had the necessary theological ment, which is one of the stron~ education. Lectures are given to the points emphasized by the National chaplains on international law, mili- Committee and which looks· toward tary law; and military rules and regu- international reorganization after the lations, and conferences are held under the direction of experienced chap- war and the establishment of a League lains on general subjects connected of Nations. In its general outline the with their work. In addition to the meeting at Vanderbilt University is special hlstruction there have been like the Institutes which were planned held drills both in marching and in for other groups of ministers in the horsemanship. United States, at Amherst College, According to the Federal Council the University of Minnesota, Cornell of Churches, the faculty of the train- University, Piedmont College, Hamp- ing school includes representatives' ton Institute and other educational from -the Episcopal Church, the Meth- centers.

LATEST NEWS OF WAR WORK

SALVATION ARMY WOMEN deserves. The camp pastors are min- A IN FRANCE isters appointed by various denomi- GROUP of workers belonging national commissions to constitute a to the Salvation Army in Amer- connecting link between the men in ica sailed recently for France to re- training camps and the churches in inforce the 900 trained Salvation the adjacent communities. Their Army war workers engaged in relief work is not intended in any way to service in the battle zone. These duplicate or rival any work of the workers are frequently very near the Y. M. C. A. or the chaplains, but to front, and often under shell fire. The be supplementary to both. In some work done by these women has had cases the camp pastors have been defi- such a telling effect upon the Ameri- nitely assigned to units that were can forces that both the troops in the without regular chaplains, in which trenches and the military authorities case they have been known as "volun- of highest rank have voiced their un- tary chaplains." There are at the qualified appreciation aug approval. present time about 400 of these camp pastors, appointed in the main by ten NEW Y. M. C. A. AT of the largest Protestant denomina- CHARLESTOWN tions and perhaps 100 others ap- THE Army and Navy Y. M. C. A. pointed for at least parf of their time building at Charlestown, Mass., is by smaller religious bodies. Some of the most prominent ministers in the a center which is being much appre- churches are serving in the capacity of camp pastors. ciated by men in both branches of the service. The formal dedication took place on May 28th, with Governor FRENCH HOMES ASSOCIATION McCall, Mayor Peters of Boston, Rear Admiral Wood, U. S. N., and FRENCH women are forming the French Homes Association, which General Ruckman, U. S. A., as speakers. The building, which has sleep- is opening up homes of the finest kind ing accommodations for about 250 throughout France for the entertainmen, contains many club privileges ment of American army men. It is for both the soldiers and sailors. On an attempt on the part of the French the first floor there is a large lobby women to show that they are grateful and writing room, with a reading al- for the sacrifices the American women cove at one end, where are placed make for them by sending their men current magazines and newspapers so far away to fight in France.

from all parts of the United States. GENERAL HAIG'S FAITH N interesting incident, which il- A At the other end of the lobby there lustrates the Christian faith of a is a big fireplace. On the same floor there is a restaurant. Eighty-two bedrooms, for which moderate prices great general, as well as the value of the army chaplain's ministry in hours are charged, have been furnished, and of actual crisis is related by Major James M. Black, of Edinburgh, in addition the building contains game brother of Rev. Hugh Black and' a chaplain with the British forces. Writrooms, bowling alleys and an audi- ing to a friend, he said: "Two Suntorium to provide some kind of enter- days ago-the dark Sunday of the tainment every evening.-Congregationalist.

THE CHURCH IN THE CAMPS German push-I was at general head- quarters. Sir Douglas Haig was very THE work of the camp pastors is quiet. He came up and thanked me an important factor in the service afterwards for the comfort I had given him, and he remarked: 'Reof the Christian forces of the COuntry member, the battle is not ours, but and one which has not received as God's.' He is a sincere Christian." much recognition as in many cases it

FROM MANY

" J JAPAN-CHOSEN foundation of all pmhoilroasloitpyhyandanedthitchs~ APANESE leaders invite the full the basis of all co-operation of missionaries from Great Britain and America in conclusion of science. It teaches that the moral and religious development of their own country. No obstacles by following a proper method a man are put in our way by the government. OJ?- the other. hand there are many may become possessed of the reishi eVidences of mterest and apprecia- or spirit-force, of Tairei, the Great tion." So remarks Dr. C. J. L. Bates, Spirit, the ultimate reality, and dean of the College of the Canadian Methodist Church in Kobe, Japan. He t~rough reishi can do things impossaid in a recent interview: Sible. to physics. and physiology, in- "Japan is prepared industrially to take advantage of any opportunities cludmg: the curmg of physical disthat may arise. A few years ago she was believed to be on the verge of ease, hiS own and' that of others. A bankruptcy, but she has since become a creditor rather than a debtor nation. major-general, an admiral, and the Japan is qualified by educational leadership. She is the only nation in Asia chief paymaster of the Japanese Army with a public school system which definitely plans to educate all the peo- are among those who have adopted ple. In one generation 'Japan has passed from illiteracy to literacy. this new religion. A Tareido Asso- "But Japan recognizes that she is ciation has been formed, twelve memnot equipped morally and religiously. One of the leading Japanese officials bers of which were on April 1st to in Korea said to me, 'Korea stands in need of two kinds of salvation· one set forth as an evangelistic band with political and one religious. As far as the political is concerned, Japan will the object of evangelizing first Japan look after that; in so far as the re- .ligious life is concerned the only hope and then America and Europe.-C: of Korea is in Christianity. Other ~el~gions are 4ead and the only hope M. S. Review. IS m the teachmgs of Jesus Christ." Christianity a Permanent Factor AA New Cult in Japan NOTHER new religion has ap- "T HERE is abundant Heovlitdoennce~f" peared in Japan, which The writes Rev. D. C. Japan Evangelist says, is singular among the modern cults which are Tokyo in Missions, "that the Gospel ~pringing up as n:ushrooms, in that of Jesus Christ has established itself It .seems to .combme a rather lofty phllosophy with an exceedingly prac- as a permanent factor in the spiritual tical application to life and human life of the Japanese people."

sufferings. It is called Tareido, or A prominent Japanese Christian tMhoeri~GerieatTaSnpaikriat,-Woafy.ToIktyso,fouclnadiemr~ educator is of the opinion that in all that It is the source of religion, the Japan there are one million people who in their hearts believe in Jesus and follow Him, though the total membership of the Japanese Christiar: Church, including Roman Catholic and Russian Orthodox communicants, is only about 300,000. About half of these are members of the Protestant churches. An evidence of the vigor of the Japanese Church is seen in the fact that the Three Years National Ev~ngelical .Campaign for Japan, which closed m July, 1917, and which was instituted and carried on mainlv through Japanese initiative, reported a total attendance of d8u0r0i~0g0t0heatthtrheee various meetings held years, and 27,000 decisions to follow Christ.

The principal ground for confidence in Christianity ai an established factor in the life of Japan is in the kind of of various saints of the Early Church. men who have responded to the call One Japanese pastor had clear views of Christ and who have committed on the subject, as the following incitheir lives to His cause. To the aver- dent shows: age American rea,der the names of these truly great Japanese Christian "Mr. Ikeda, whose health had leaders are unknown and unpro- broken down, devoted his time to a nounceable, but to one who knows translation of 'St. Bernard and His them they are true Samurai of the Times,' believing that the book would Spirit. be a message of inspiration to Japa- nese Christians. To a friend visiting Conversion of a Japanese Woman him in his poor lodging he confided his difficulties in finding a publisher T HE line of thinking which led because of the size of the work. The Madame Hirooka, a prominent friend suggested that St. Bernard was but little known and that a life Japanese woman, to become a Chris- of St. Francis of Assisi would be more tian)s thus reported in her own words acceptable to both publisher and pubin Asia: lic. Mr. Ikeda acknowledged the force of this view and said that he, too, "I wanted women to be good and revered St. Francis, 'but,' he said, 'St. I wanted to help them to improve their Francis stood for love alone–selfless, lot. I found that I could not accom- gentle, self-sacrificing love. There is plish what I desired without religion. great power in that, but it is not That conclusion sent me to study re- enough. There is evil in men's hearts ligion from the woman's point of view. and that evil must be fought against I found that there is no hope for wom- and subdued. Only so can men be en in any of the religions of the saved. Not St. Francis but St. Ber- Orient. They teach that from the nard is the man who combines in cradle to the grave women are inferior himself both these principles, love and to men. They regard women as evil. the aggressive fighting spirit, and so Confucian ethics, for example, teach I thought it would perhaps serve that fools and women cannot be edu- Christ best if I introduced St. Bercated. A woman cannot be a 'heaven- nard to the Japanese Church.' "- ly creature.' It teaches that it is bet- Record of Christian Wark. ter to see a snake than a woman, for the latter arouses passion. Japanese A Lay Missionary to Japan women have been so long oppressed by this kind of teaching that they no THE visit to Japan of Capt. W. H. longer stop to ask why. They are Hardy has been described by a afraid, like slaves. Then I began to read the Bible. I did not like some missionary there as "one of the most parts of it any better than I like the brilliant chapters of unofficial missionreligions of the East. . . . When I ary service in the history of modern re3id the gospels I found that Jesus times." He says: "All sorts of recmade no ' distinction between the ords have been broken by this 'simple sexes. I liked that. We are all, wom- sailor.' He is a hero of three wars, en as well as men, children of God. I who carries ten bullets and five silver came to the conclusion that the only ribs in his body besides a silver plate hope for the women of the Orient to in his skull; he is one of the two surattain their true position is through vivors of Commodore Perry's famous Christianity." band of voyagers who opened Japan to the western world; he has been St. Bernard for Japan feted and honored in Japan during the past five months in ways that no other SOME students of church history and commoner has ever been; and he has of missions might find it of inter- chosen as his pet name for himself one given him by admiring friends, est to analyze the value for the Christians of the Oriental races of the lives

'The Grandfather of Modern Japan.' I ca~ pray that he may become a But these and similar facts concern- Christian, and then he will be fully ing the old hero which have been repaid."

stressed in the papers and magazines The missionary tells also how, soon are not the things that have impressed after the Bible woman began to pray, us most. What has touched us most this physician, who is a man of high deeply is the five-months-Iong sermon rank, having been decorated by the he has preached and practiced on Emperor for bravery during the war God's love and international good feel- with Russia, began English lessons, ing. He has preached from scores of reading the gospel of John, and soon platforms and written in hundreds of became so interested that he asked to albums 'God is Love.' In many ways have the way of salvation fully ex- he has set an example that regular plained.

missionaries might well follow." AHow a Leaflet Bore Fruit T THE close of the service one A Family Day in Japan INNorth America, the observance morning in the' church at of a special week in February as Chungju, Chosen, a woman came up Father and Son Week has taken firm to the platform and said to the miSe root in thousands of churches and sionary: "Will not the pastor stop at Young Men's Christian Associations. my house on his way home tomor- This year for the first time the idea row?" Upon inquiry he learned that h~s been transplanted to Japan, and she was a former beer seller, notorious true to the genius of the Japanese, it for her vile – language. The next has been modified into Family Day. morning, as the missionary sat on the By a happy thought it was decided to little porch in .front of her store, she tie the observance up with the boys' told of her conversion. "Someone festival which comes on May 5th. Ac- handed me a leaflet one day as I sat cordingly, a number of churches and here seIling beer. I said I could not Y. M. C. A.'s celebrated the occasion read it but he told me to have my son on May 4th or May 5th by special read it to me. After my son read it suppers attended by patents andchil- he said: 'Mother, we just must become dren, mostly men and boys, by public Christians.' We talked it over and a addresses and special sermons, and by few Sabbaths later I went to church athletic and other entertainments. The and when the pastor asked all who festival bids fair to become art annual wanted to believe to stand, I stood.

event and may in time give. a Chris- Now my son and his wife and I all believe. We have stopped the beer tian content to the boys' festival. business and expeet to move away and AWorking at Her Religion farm for a living."

FAITHFUL Bible woman in 'Taiku, Korea, was very ill last Wayside Sunday Schools year, and went to the Japanese hos- HUNDREDS of Sunday-schools pital for treatment during an entire in Korea have started in the fol- summer. At the end of the time, lowing manner: A missionary well when she asked for her bill, the Japa- supplied with brightly colored pic"! nese physician in charge said, "I am tures at text cards goes to some vil- a Buddhist and you are a quistian, lage and sits under some tree or by but I see that you are working at the side of the road. Very soon chil- your religion and so there is no bill." dren gather in front of him to ex- Shortly after. that the Bible· woman amine him and hear what he has to came to one of the missionaries in say. The missionary says a few great distress and said, "How can I words and perhaps sings a verse or repay .him?" and then sudd~ly her two of "Jesus Loves Me" and gives face brightenfd and she said; "Oh, each of the children a' card and tells

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS 70S

them to come again next Sunday and women, a class for city women being bring others. Next Sunday he comes held later, and all pay all their ex- to the same place and the children are pense of board and travel, as well as there to meet him. A few will per- a small tuition fee.

haps spell out with him a verse or a The beginners are taught reading, text. Some Sundays later the chil- Mark's gospel and a Bible catechism.

dren wiU look for his coming and the A certificate is given for good work, class will take on regular proportions, which is handed in the next year and and quite a number will join shyly in admits to the next higher division.~ the singing. It may be that a child The Korea Mission Field.

or friendly neighbor will offer his D house, yard or room and from that Devil Worship in Chosen time more or less regular work may EVIL worship among the Koreans be begun. Some "schools" have met is not a definite form of religion Sunday after Sunday through a long and is more or less difficult to explain. bitter winter under a tree by the road- Two classes of devils are worshipped side. Since these schools started only ~one class supposed to be malicious, a few years ago thousands and tho~­ the other of a more kindly nature. sands of children have been reached. Many things are done to' propitiate Just the other day a Korean said, them, even to the trimming of hats "When I used to go to such and such and providing fans for these demons. a village the children sang all sorts One Korean discovered a number of heathen songs, but now I hear only of weasels loitering about his home, 'Jesus Loves Me.''' and after calling in an his friends to First the children, then the home, talk over the unusual occurrence, he then the church. This is the story ih decided that its significance was that thousands of ·cases in Korea, as in he was soon to become a very wealthy other countries. man. With the hope of this great AClass for Korean Women wealth, he felt so kindly disposed to- ward the weasels that he built a house BOUT nine hundred Korean to accommodate them and every day women came to Pyeng Yang to prepared rice and food for them. But study in the general class in March. feeding weasels as well as his own There are old women and young, mid- household proved an expensive under- dle-aged women and girls, women in 'taking, and instead of becoming· a silk and women in coarse cotton, rich man, he found himself getting women with bundles on their heads poorer. It was then that he heard of and babies on their backs, women the "Jesus doctrine," and both he and footsore from many weary miles of his wife accepted it. After a time rough roads, alone and in groups of they invited a number of their Chris~ two, four or half a dozen, all pouring tian friends to help them burn all their into the Bible Institute on the opening devil possessions and now, with all day. There a committee of Korean traces of devil worship cleared away, women meets them and helps them they are finding joy in attending to find homes, as the school dormi- Christian services regularly.

tories accommodate but a few.. Any woman from the two hundred and CHINA seventy odd groups under the care of . Missionaries and Democracy Pyeng Yang· station of the Presby": WHILE missionaries do not med- terian Board may come to the city at . dIe in politics, it is true that the this time, have ten days of Bible American missionaries in China are study, see aU the foreign ladies and among the most active fortes working get the inspiration which comes froni for a true democracy.. One woulq worship and communion with a mul- suppose that the soldiFs. would de- titude· of believers. All are country stroy the lives and properties of mis-

sionaries, but it is cause for devout missionaries are fighting both typhus gratitude that both parties look upon and pneumonic plague; and seeking them as friends, and in many cases to care for the sufferers from the they have been used as mediators. It floods of last season. The British and was in the compound of the Reformed American ministers have sent the fol- Church Mission in the first days of lowing telegram to mission stations the fighting between northern and throughout China: "Conditions North southern soldiers around Yochow, China country district rapidly becom- Hunan province, that 3,000 women ing desperate. People eating leaves, and children sought refuge. Later bark, straw, corn-cobs. Fuel scarce, Mr. Beck reports that ten thousand . roof timbers and fruit trees used in- found refuge in the temporary sheds stead. Animals dead or sold. No on the Y ochow compound, and were grain for spring sowing. Robberies fed. increasing. Children abandoned, sold, One of the cheering facts amid the drowned.· Committee appeals Chinese warring factions is the widespread Christians raise $50,000, and help readiness to hear the Gospel. The raise $50,000 more from others."

missionaries have been brought nearer Rev. Emery W. Ellis, of the Amer- to the life of the people, and in the ican Board, writes: "The great plain time of intense suffering their mes- of Chihli has its thousands starving sage has been more welcomed than and its tens of thousands going about in the days of prosperity. These are begging and stealing. In thirty-eight the tidings that come from the field: chapel refuges 1,600 people are being "The door stands wide open for evan- fed and many of them are being gelization of all kinds. There is great taught the Gospel at the same time.

willingness to listen and less opposi- Great need and opportunity seemed to tion than ever before."-Reformed unite in this relief work. We have Church Messenger. been granted funds permitting 2,500 people to be fed, perhaps a hundred Encouraging Things in China of whom are feeble old men, the rest THE Rev. C. Y. Cheng, one of the women and children. The crowds of editors of the China Mission Year kneeling women appealing for food Book for 1917, speaks of three en- made a sight never to be forgotten, couraging features of the present sit- and the satisfaction of those who have millet gruel 'to eat is gratifying to uation : (1) Chinese Christians are see." more and more realizing their· re- sponsibility as Christians to serve the Symbolical Language in China Church, and laymen in particular show "THE missionary-who not only can greater keenness in evangelistic work; speak the Chinese language, but (2) there is a growing sense of cooperation and unity within the who is deeply conversant with its Church; and (3) churches and mis- written symbols as well, has an addisions, Chinese and foreigners, have tional and most valuable means of apnever been more friendly and have proach to the Chinese heart," says never understood each other's point Rev. Obed S. Johnson of Canton, in of view better. This has resulted in a The Missionary Herald. He continues: growing mutual respect. "The symbolism of the Chinese character is a source of constant sur- IGreat Suffering in China prise and delight. For instance, the sun and moon in close proximity indi- N any other days than these, when cates brightness; a man standing by stories of misery are coming in his words denotes faith or trustworthifrom all over the world, more atten- ness; when death and the heart are tion would be given to the plight of in combination, there is forgetfulness; the people in North China, where the when the pen~il spooks, the result is a

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

book; fire under two pieces of wood was evidently the outgrowth of some indicates a blaze; a· knife near skin small misunderstanding on the part means to flay; ten words or remarks of a rough element among the Canton- imply a scheme; to seize or capture a ese soldiers, whose conduct was dis- woman implies getting married; a rat avowed and reprimanded by their own and a hole signifies escape; growing commanders. At one time there had rice and a knife stands for profit; been over a thousand refugees on the three carriages in a heap spell a crash, mission compound. The marvel is a calamity; while a dog, given an extra that when all else was looted and over- mouth, would quite naturally bark. It run, this spot escaped so well."

is even more interesting to note that, to the practical Chinese mind, the idea Interfering With Idol Merchants of poison was conveyed by the mother or woman of the house, upholding A N incident in China reminds us power and sovereignty; that the idea of Demetrius and his fellowof peace was conveyed by one woman craftsmen in Ephesus whose trade under a roof; and that the ideal em- was interfered with by the preaching blem chosen to represent the Chinese of the apostle Paul. A Chinese woman home, or household, is a pig under a came to the Methodist missionaries in roof. Such examples might be multi- Hinghwa saying: plied indefinitely." "You Christians are despoilers- taking away our trade and leaving us The Outbreak in Yeungkong to starve. Before you came with your songs and prayers I was earning FIGHTING in Yeungkong, South twelve cents a day making idol paper.

China, between the local troops All the women of our village are mak- and some northern soldiers had led to idol paper day and night, so that the such a serious situation that the mis- fame of this place has gone over the sionaries there sent to the American country. . Christianity may be Consul in Canton for help. An Amer- good if you are rich, but what of us ican gunboat, then in Hongkong, was in this village? You tell us not to sent to their relief, and Rev. Charles make idol paper, that it is sin-but E. Patton, of the American Presby- what else can we do?"

terian mission in Kochou who was one Mrs. W. N. Brewster writes that of the two missionaries in the party, she needs money-capital to start a describes what happened: new industry for the women of the "A sad sight enough the city pre- village. If it is weaving, there must sented. Every shop had been looted, be looms and-material supplied, wages the doors shattered and patched up for apprentices and teacher. Not until with bits of box boards. Bullet holes were everywhere. The streets were the Truth is combined with economic almost deserted, the people having fled freedom will the people of China be to the country, and they looked more free.

like horse stables than anything else. A Chinese Student's Testimony The fine big church building was a T'AO WEN TSUING, a student in pile of broken bricks, a complete Nanking University, writes of his wreck. The situation had been very grave a few days before. Just then decision to follow Christ: "For about the Cantonese army had driven the four years my heart has been a battle Northern troops of Lung Chai Kwong field. Jesus Christ and Satan have beyond to the Kochou region. struggled for possession of it, and Jesus has won the victory. From this "There seemed to be several sup- time forth, I am a follower of Jesus. posed 'causes' of the outbreak, no one I have not Gome to Him becailse of in itself being important, but all con- some improper benefit which I expect current and contributing to the un- to get from Him. If there is anyfortunate outcome. The whole affair

thing I despise, it is the man who is Prayer With a Magistrate always asking, 'What can I get out of it ?' I have come to believe in Jesus I N his country tours Rev. Charles largely through the study of a book by E. Scott of Tsingtao has had some Prof. Jenks, of Cornell University, en- extraordinary experiences with Chititled 'The Social Principles of Jesus nese officials, which have been re- Christ.' ferred to the Review. He tells the story of a call on one of the county "I cannot go into detail as to what magistrates, "a very wide-awake man, part of Christ's teaching is important, keen-eyed and eager. He spoke Engbut I must say that that which has lish fairly well and knew considerable made me want to be a follower of of world politics. I talked to him ear- Jesus is His teaching that we should nestly about Paul, and he surprised love all men as ourselves. This princi- me by his assertion of belief in the ple is clearly brought out in the book true God and praying to Him and mentioned. In addition to this, in my seeking His guidance in making hisstudy of history, I have noticed that decisions as a magistrate, and trying the leaders and philosophers and to render those decisions according to scientists, that is, a large proportion a good conscience. As the conversaof them, are firm believers in and fol- tion progressed about things spiritual lowers of Jesus Christ, and that those he seemed really eager as to how to who were not owed their knowledge know the will of God. I pointed him of philosophy and science directly to to John 7 :17, showing that assurance Jesus Christ, His teaching and His is not so much a matter of learning Church. . . . Fellow students, I as being willing to follow God's teachmost heartily commend to you Jesus ings as laid down in the Bible. Then Christ."-The Christian Observer. he pulled out a flne edition of the New Testament and we talked over IThe General's Wives several passages relative to Patti's N whatever field they meet the great choice. Finally he asked rue to problem, missionaries uniformly pray with and for him, which I did, insist that candidates for baptism with while several secretaries and henchmore than one wife shall give up all men peeked through the door and but one before they can be admitted listened eagerly. to church membership. General Wu of the province of Kiangsi, China, is "The evangelist and pastor who aca famous man and a Christian. But companied me were amazed to see unfortunately, though an ardent sup- this spirit in the magistrate. Inasmuch porter of the Methodist Episcopal as we came to ask him to give his Church, he is not a member because support to establishing a chapel in his he has two wives, neither of whom he city, you can imagine the amazement is willing to give up. Both the and delight of these two Christian women and all of his children have workers." been baptized, but the general explains his position by saying, "One of MALAYSIA these women is the mother of my children; I cannot desert her. The other TOpium Trade Not Dead is young and beautiful, and I love HE opium trade is by no means her." So the old general contents dead as yet, and the morphia trade himself with holding preaching serv- is increasing and working great ruin ice for his troops on Sunday and do- in the Far East, according to Rev. E. ing mission work during the balance L. Thwing of the International Re- form Bureau. Officially the opium of the week. trade, from India to China, has come to an end, but a report was published last year in Bangkok, Siam, that an agreement had been made with India to sell opium for five years to Siam,

1918J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Singapore, Malay Federated States, INDIA Dutch Indies and Hongkong. A Social Service Exhibition Dr. Thwing has visited this year all of these places, and has been surprised THE subject of social service is one at the great extent of the opium trade, that has made an increasing appeal and the large number of opium smokers. In 1915-16 the largest item of to Indian students, and this has per- revenue in Siam was from opium, be- haps been especially true in Bengal. ing more than from all of the customs The growing interest in the subject and land tax combined. In the Dutch was expressed in a social service ex- East Indies, the profit to the Dutch hibition held in Calcutta last spring. government in 1916 was over $12,000,- 000, an increase of 100 per cent. in The secretary of the Bengal Social ten years. The increase in the capital, Service League and the secretary of Batavia, for the year 1915-16 was 41 the College Branch of the Young per cent. With its many opium dens, Men's Christian Association were Batavia is one of the worst opium joint secretaries of a committee, sesmoking cities in the world. Opium lected from prominent citizens whose is distributed freely to the thousands enthusiasm for social service is of people throughout the islands, and acknowledged, and formed for the it is claimed that it is simply to meet purpose .of holding a Social Service the demands of the Chinese. During Exhibition during the Easter vacalast March Dr. Thwing visited the tion. . Charts, photographs and models large centers of Chinese in Java and -..yere collected, and such subjects as Sumatra, and without exception the sanitation, personal hygiene, child Chinese voted at their public meetings welfare, education, temperance, ecoto ask that the trade stop. This has nomics and co-operation dealt with. also been done in Siam. Several lantern lectures and demon- strations were also given, and the ex- A Chain of Hospitals Planned hibition met with very well deserved success. It was visited by over 5,000 THE American Methodists in Java people. are planning for a series of mis- The Exhibition Committee is a sionary hospitals to be scattered over separate body, independent alike of the the Netherlands. Indies, manned by a Bengal Social Service League and the capable surgeon and staff working in Y. M. C. A. The exhibition over, it co-operation with an evangelist; the still remains a permanent independent doctors to meet the physical need of the body, whose functions are to store, people and the evangelist with his to prepare and lend charts and to prostaff of native preacher-teachers to mote future exhibitions. follow up and clinch the work of the medical missionaries. Most of the Encouraging News from India money for building the hospitals, as well as subsidies for salaries of nurses REV. ALDEN H. CLARK of the and physicians can be obtained from Marathi Mission of the American the Dutch government. The problem, therefore, is not money but men. Board brings an optimistic report of conditions in India. He states that the Ninety per cent. of the people of church is on the verge of a mass move- Java are diseased in one way or an- ment .towards Christianity in the other, according to the estimate of E. Marathi field, and needs only the W. Allstrom, missionary teacher from money and the men to bring it to Soekaradja, Java. Before we can pass. Such a movement would be teach the people the love of God we more significant than those in North must make them believe in the love India from the fact that this work lies of man through ministering to their among the energetic and thrifty farmdiseased bodies. ing class rather than among the out- castes, as in the north. These farmers are already convinced of the truth of Christianity and might speedily be

brought over if they had the proper Christians," writes Professor John attention. One native pastor told Mr. McKenzie of Wilson College, Bombay, Clark he could receive 1,000 converts in the International Review of Miseach year, if he had teachers for his villages. sions, "but once we go beneath the Mr. Clark estimates the Christian terms to the connotation in which they population of India at 5,000,000, a are used and the system which they growth of 1,500,000 since he went out represent, what seemed identical is thirteen years ago. He finds a cor- seen to be separated by an impassable responding development of character gulf. The present-day religiolls diletand ability in the Indian Christians. tante who dabbles in Eastern mystic- In self-expression, in powers of ism enthusiastically quotes the sayings leadership and in the willingness to of Hindu sages on purgation, union support their own institutions they with God and so forth, sublimely unare gaining in a way to gratify the conscious of the essentially unethical supporters at home. He prophesies conception of purity and communion that India, with her rich intellectual with God that form their background. endowments and her mystical quali- As illustrating the influence of the ties, when properly disciplined by Hindu religious mind at its best, in its western education, will make a note- contempt for wealth, place and power worthy contribution to the Church it sets an example to a world that has Universal. been far too slow to accept Christ's transvaluation of values; its ethical A Padre's Message to Americans weakness stands revealed in the ab- sence of any sense of sin." ONE of the most devoted workers in Meerut District, India, is a dis- TThe Hindus Were Interested HE baptism of some Brahmin boys trict superintendent known as "Padre in the holy Hindu city of Madura, Gordon," who was born a Moham- so aroused the non-Christians that the medan. .He supervises a district forty missionaries, going into the city aftermiles long by twenty wide, with thirty- wards, at first feared that meetings two preachers under him and five hun- might cause riots. Instead of this, such dred villages to look after. In the crowds of interested people came that last five years he himself has baptized it was necessary to secure a larger five or six thousand converts. meeting place. Interest was so intense that the leaders of the opposition were Asked what he would like to send unable to accomplish anything, and as his message to his fellow-Metho- Christianity became the vital issue dists in America, he replied. : throughout the city. The Christian workers have found many inquirers as "We always pray for you,; we are a result of the meetings.-Methodist thankful for the help you give us both Centenary Bulletin. in money and in missionaries. Weare also thankful for the help of Jesus Buddhist Methods in Ceylon Christ. We are all merely helpers with Him. The big work of breaking A MOVEMENT in Ceylon which up the ground has been done by the has done much to revive interest missionaries. May the light of in Buddhism is called "The Sinhalese Christ fill all India! Surely India, National Movement." The leaders with your help, will become entirely identify Buddhism with Sinhalese pa- Christian. We give you our salaams." triotism, and urge upon the people -Christian Advocate. that loyalty to the nation implies loyal- ty to the religion. Christianity is de- " A Hindu Religious Ideas scribed as alien. One chief aim of S far as language goes, many the movement is to popularize Budd- passages from the Hindu writ- hism, and Christian methods are being ings might have been written by Christians, and can he appropriated by

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

closely followed. Formerly Buddhist boarding schools and other instituleaders showed no interest in educa- tions, must be re-opened. When this tion. But under the stimulus of this work among the Christians of the new movement, and with the help–es- country is revived and possibly expecially the financial help–of Euro- tended, there is no saying what it may pean and American theosophists, these grow to in the days of unparalleled leaders, during the last twenty-five or opportunity which are now upon us." thirty years, have opened opposition schools in a great many villages where The Sunday-schools in Jerusalem Christians were already teaching. Frequently, when the Christian school has REV. STEPHEN TROWBRIDGE, been ruined and closed, the Buddhists the secretary of the World's Sunhave also closed their school and left the village without any means of edu- day-School Association for Moslem cation. Buddhists are also opening Lands, who has been doing such efopposition Sunday-schools wherever fective relief work in Jerusalem, writes Christian Sunday-schools exist. They of having visited there the Sundayhave open air services and preaching schools, which, as he says, "have pluckhalls where Buddhist preachers con- ily held on during all the hard times duct services, with "a sermon, very under the Turks. The school at the much after the manner of Christian American Colony has never missed a services.-The Australian Missionary Sunday and the same is true of the Review. Blind School under Miss Lovell, who is one of the two Englishwomen who MOSLEM LANDS stayed on through the three years of war; again and again the Turks threat- Reconstruction in Palestine ened to take her house and turn her out on the street, but in each case God ONE of the results of the British mercifully overruled the threat. Two occupation of Palestine is the re- Sunday afternoons I spoke to the girls in this school; it was a great inspiration construction work. The Church Mis- to listen to their singing; they know sionary Society asks for $50,000 for English better than any pupils I have the restoration and equipment of dam- met in the Near East. The Arabicaged and looted hospitals, and $75,000 speaking church founded by the Chrisfor rehabilitating the general work of tian Alliance has also kept up the Sunthe Mission. The Gleaner summarizes day-schools, most of the pupils being some of the special needs: Armenian refugees. The large Ger- man industrial orphanages maintain "Our hospitals at Gaza, Jaffa, Nab- Lutheran Sunday-schools." lous and Salt must be restored, equipped and re-opened as opportunity EUROPE offers. Already, at the request of the military authorities, work has been re- Further Steps Toward Unity sumed at Gaza (in tents), and the hospital at Jaffa will be re-opened im- REFERENCE has been made in the REVIEW to the First Interim Remediately, to provide against the port of a committee appointed by the spread of epidemics among the people. Archbishops of Canterbury and York The hospital at Gaza being badly and by representatives of the English damaged, Dr. Lasbrey, who hastened Free Churches' commissions, in conup from Old Cairo hospital when the nection with the proposed World Con- Turks were driven back, has been car- ference on Faith and Order. rying on the work of mercy in tents. This report consisted of (1) a state- "Then there is the educational side ment of agreement on matters of of the Palestine Mission to be pro- Faith; (2) a statement of agreement vided for. As our army advances, the on matters relating to Order; (3) a forty day schools for boys and girls statement of differences in relation to in towns and villages scattered over matters of Order which require furthe whole country, as well as the

ther study and discussion, and was in- Technical School advertised for a tended not as a basis of reunion for teacher of English, and Senorita Christendom, but to prepare for the Digon applied to take the competitive consideration of such a basis 'at the examinations. In spite of her being a projected Conference. . woman, without one dissenting voice, The Second Report carries out this the committee elected her. It was the idea and states: "The visible unity of first time that a woman had ever pre- the Body of Christ is not adequately sented herself as a candidate for such expressed in the co-operation of the a post. Later, the committee was in- Christian churches for moral influence formed that the young lady whom they and social service, though such co- had appointed was a Protestant, but in operation might with great advantage spite of strong opposition, the Senorita be carried much further than it is at Digon was installed in the position, present; it could only be fully realized and f'Or two years has held her post- through community of worship, faith a woman and a Protestant-in the City and order, including common partici- Technical School.

pation in the Lord's Supper. This A would be quite compatible with a rich Returning Italians are Protestants diversity in life and worship." RECENT visitor to Italy reports ASalvation Army and Germany a conversation he had with a leading Protestant minister in Rome, CCORDING to a report received which should encourage those who are at the headquarters in New York engaged in home missionary work late in July, the Salvation Army in among Italians here. He says: Germany and Austria has been wiped "I had remarked that our American out of existence by order of the Kaiser, churches were doing missionary work not only because the organization was among the Italians coming to 'our founded in England and was devel- shores, but that I had seen small oped from that country, but because results.

Salvationists from all over the earth "'Do not become discouraged,' he are fighting under the various flags said, 'for you are building better than of the Allies. you know. Every Italian returning to There are over 100,000 Salvationists his native land from America is a now in the trenches and bearing arms. Protestant, converted through a touch All of the orphanages, rescue homes, with your atmosphere and institutions.

lodging houses, hospitals and corps When we go into a new community, headquarters belonging to the organi- we first inquire for some man who has zation have long since been confiscated, been to America. With scarcely an and the Salvation Army as such has exception we are able to establish a been put out of existence, so far as the Sunday-school and church in his home.

Central Powers are concerned. Its These men are the pillars of Prot- members are scattered in many direc- estantism all over Italy. The best mis- tions. They have not been permitted sionary work we could do would be to to communicate with their London send the people to America and then headquarters since the war started. bring them back again. You will not A Protestant Teacher in Spain be likely to establish any close connec- tions between the Italians and your CHRISTIANITY in Spain has heen American churches. But keep up your promoted by the daughter of the work. When they return they are no pastor in San Sebastian. Senorita longer Catholics.' "

Pepita Digon was a pupil of the Colegio Internacional and later studied to A New Bishop in Athens be a trained nurse in a London hos- BISHOP MELETIOS META- pital. When she returned to San TAXIS, the new Metropolitan of Sebastian two years ago, the City Athens, whose predecessor was a pro-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

nounced reactionary, seems likely to many calls for money, of course, and bring a new spirit of reform into the I can quite understand that it may be- Church in Greece. He stands above come more difficult than ever to ob- all for the autonomy of the Greek tain money for missionary enterprises, Church. He aims at the restoration of but that the work undertaken should the old synodical system-the system be continued and continued . . .

which anticipated the representative at its full force, seems to me of capital constitution upon which the peoples necessity, and I for one hope that there of civilized Europe pride themselves. may be no slackening or recession of The present administrative system any sort. . . .

must gD—–'a system imposed on the "Cordially and sincerely yours, church from without, according to "WOODROW WILSON."

which not all the bishops meeting to- ASunday-school a War: Necessity gether in synod, but only a certain T the quadrennial convention of number selected in rotation or other- the International Sunday School wise, carryon the administration of Association, which was attended by the church. more than 2,000 delegates from over forty states and provinces, it was re- As for the clergy, he longs to see the ported that the total membership of the day when no one will be able to re- schools of the association, which emproach them with lack of education, braces the North American continent, and to this end the monasteries must is 20,649,797. be recalled to their first object. They must once again become schools of Rev. Dr. W. O. Thompson, president prayer and theological seminaries, and of Ohio State University, was elected president for the next quadrennial. no longer be degraded to "academies of craftsmanship." To the Synod of Among the speakers was Marion Athens is assigned the care of the scat- Lawrance, who said in the course of tered orthodox communities abroad, his address: "The present conditions and foremost among them are those in on our continent and in the world are the United States; one of its first acts such as to constitute Sunday-school will be to send to the Greeks in Amer- work a war necessity. We all ica a bishop "capable of contributing gladly contribute to the war relief to the higher appreciation of the Or- agencies for the comfort and efficiency thodox Church." of our brave boys ia khaki. They de- NO~TH AMERICA serve it all and more than we can do. We must not forget, however, that President Wilson and Missions ten boys between eighteen and twenty- five remain at home for everyone who A MISSIONARY of the Woman's goes to the front, to say nothing of Foreign Missionary Society, now the millions of younger boys and girls and children. The future of the naon furlough, addressed a letter to tiondepends upon the moral and re- ligious training of these young lives;" President Wilson, in which she asked the question: .

"Do you agree with me if Missions have justified their existence, this is a time when they should not only be The Kennedy School of Missions maintained in spite of the war, but THE officers of the Kennedy School urged on because of the war?" She of Missions, Hartford, Conn., state received the following reply, dated at that the enrollment during the last ses- the White House, December 5, 1917: sion has been the most encouraging "I entirely agree with you in regard in the history of the school. Next year to the ~missionary work. I think it special lectures are to be given by Prof.

would be a real misfortune, a mis- D. J. Fleming of India, Dr. fl. Karl fortune· of lasting consequence, if the W. Kumm of Africa, on the History of missionary program for the world Christianity in Africa. Mrs. Agnes should be interrupted. There are Leaycraft Donohugh, M. A., will lec-

ture on African Native Life, including Among the difficulties, he places the customs and social organization. Miss indifference of the educated classes to Jean Kenyon Mackenzie will discuss religion, the fondness of the people work among the women of Africa. for the forms to which they hav!! been Rev. James Dexter Taylor, D.D., of accustomed, and the tendency of those NataI, reviser of the Zulu Bible, is also at home to generalize, as if all South announced. The other courses· con- America were one.

tinue as usual. Among the necessities, Mr. Inman feels that, in the first place, the TDoukhobors Going Back emphasis which has hitherto been laid HE announcement that Peter Veri- upon preaching must be somewhat gin, the leader of the more than lightened and diverted into channels 10,000 Russian Doukhobors, has de- of ,social service. "Latin America clared his intention of returning to needs a gospel of social power," and Russia with his followers, has caused to this end the hearty co-operation of a sensation in Canada. Fifteen years all forces, eliminating denominational ago the illiterate peasant "spirit-wres- emphasis, should be employed; par- , tIers," as their name implies, were dis- ticularly the scattering of forces in liked as religious fanatics, who herded the education of future generations of together in community houses, and, workers must be avoided. Provision though peacable and industrious peas- should be made for reaching the people ants, refused to conform to Canadian through native workers thoroughly laws and regulations or to accept na- trained. And further, close touch tionality. But the Canadians have must be kept between the foreign field found out that they are good colon- and the home base. At home the di- rectors must send level-headed and ists, if poor citizens. ,Brilliant, in British Columbia, is open-minded men to the field; and must one of the great Doukhobor centers have confidence in the recommendaand the socialist's Utopia. Here the tions and follow out the suggestions community is wholly self-contained made by those who know the condiand in contrast to the modern city, tions. Especial care must be taken not there are no anxieties concerning the to awaken antagonism at the outset by source of the next day's needs. There injudicious polemics against Roman are evidently no divisions between Catholicism, which is the state religion "mine" and "thine," no jealousies or in all these countries.

envy over the possessions of another, A for no man is richer than his fellow. Gambling Outfit for Mission One member of the executive does all NOTED gambler, who came un- the outside selling and buying, and all der the influence of the Gospel in moneys received are turned over to the the Presbyterian mission in Guatemala treasury. Money has no purchasing and was converted, confessed he was value within the community. All the in fact nothing but a plain robber- necessaries of life are doled out with- tha~ he had been robbing people out it by the various departments in through his roulette and fortune charge. wheels. Naturally, he wanted to get LATIN AMERICA rid of the implements of his nefarious IPlans for Cooperati.on trade immediately. He couldn't con- scientiously sell them, so he decided to N his valuable booklet on Latin destroy them. But another thought America, Rev. S. G. Inman enum- came to him one day, and he brought erates among the factors favorable to the entire outfit to the mission and missionary effort the attitude of in- offered it for the purpose of teaching creasing friendliness to North Amer- the sin and folly of gambling.

ica, due in part to the war, and a In front of a group of young men growing hunger for spiritual things. and women, the converted ex-gambler

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

took his machines apart and showed very keenly that they are losing ground the young people how the magnets politically. It has thrown Christensecreted inside could be operated at dom and Christ into their thoughts as wjlJ by the owner, how the dice were never before. They are face to face loaded, and how in every way the with a new world situation which fills fortune was turned to the benefit of them with dread. the man running the game. The exhibit was an.object lesson which no one "The battlefield has changed in could forget in a hurry, and the outfit Egypt within the last decade as reis now the property of the mission. . gards the line of opposition to gospel preaching. Formerly the arena of the TAn Argentine Philanthropy conflict was the Koran and Tradition; HE report that comes from Tres now it is the Bible. Moslems are try- Arroyos, Argentina, that an evan- ing everywhere to prove from our gelical orphanage is being started, Scriptures the incorrectness of our which is to be supported locally, indi- teaching and are trying to read Moscates not only that a much-needed lem truths into the Christian Gospel. philanthropy is under way, but that the "evangelicals" have won the confi- The general opinion seems to be dence of the town. The committee that at present there is a greater willconsists of members of the church, but ingness to conyerse along religious when the people of the town heard lines and that the corruption of the about it they responded in a remark- Gospels and the stumbling block of able fashion. No less than three build- the incarnation and the atonement are ing sites were offered as donations, less referred to than formerly. . . . and at the end of the year £1,800 in There is increasing interest in a comcash was in hand. Nor was this all. parison of the cardinal points that dis- A lawyer drew up the title-deeds free tinguish the two religions; increasing of charge; an architect contributed friendliness in the villages of the Delta the plans and is supervising the build- is due, we are told, to their appreciaing work as his donation; 25,000 bricks tion of missionary character and the and a large quantity of other materials Christian ministry of kindness."- have also been given; while the rail- United Presbyterian. 'way company has offered to carry materials, freight free, and has presented Sultans in Mission Schools old rails for the necessary girders. The mayor has promised a municipal grant CANON R. H. LEAKEY, of the of .£200 a year towards the upkeep, Church Missionary Society, who and nearly forty diildren are awaiting admission. It will accommodate last year took up his residence at Buseventy. The foundation stone was koba, in the county of Buwaya, in Gerlaid in December, and the build- man East Africa, says that it is diing is going up, the work being done vided into nine sections under "sulby a member of the Juarez Church tans," who resemble the county chiefs and his four SOns. The cost will be of Buganda, save that the office of the about £3,500. former is hereditary. Three of these "su!tans," who are minors, have been AFRICA sent to school in Buganda-two of them to the Kampala high school of DR. The Attitude of Moslems in Egypt the C. M. S., and the third to a Ro- man Catholic school. Of the others- s. M. ZWEMER sums up as one, the Sultan of Kiziba, is under Protestant instruction for baptism, two foHows the results of a question- have professed to join the Roman Canaire sent out to some forty workers tholics, and one is a Roman Catholic, in Egypt concerning the lines along baptized in Budu some years ago. which Moslems are thinking today: Since Buwaya has come under British rule there has been a real movement "The war has made Moslems feel towards Christianity, and Canon

Leakey is constantly being asked for It has become difficult to keep the teachers.. But they need to be edu- schools supplied with teachers, while, cated men.-C. M. S. Review. notwithstanding all the efforts of the missionaries, any adequate visitation "WE Methodist Work in East Africa of the schools is a physical impossi- have been fighting against bility. This last is a factor of the great odds," writes Rev. P. W. utmost importance, for even the best native workers are apt to get slack and Keys of the M. E. Mission in Inhambane, East Africa. "Storms and heavy discouraged ih the absence of effective rains have continued through more ~ supervision."

than twelve weeks. There will be no crops and thousands of people will be "New Africans" compelled to live on leaves, roots and ",THIS huge in~ustrial. center of herbs, such as they will be able to find Johannesburg IS a mIghty force in the forests. in the transition of the olacks from the "The great hope for the evangeliza- simple communal life of the tribe to tion of Africa lies in the children. As the individualism of modern times,"

we bring the message of repentance writes Dr. F. B. Bridgman in the Mis- and salvation to crowds of heathen sionary Herald. "How to help them people, or even now and again to in- make readjustment to the new order is dividuals, we often find the older peo- a problem as fascinating as it is diffi- ple saying, 'I am too old now. I cult. Under native custom, marriage couldn't change my life, for I am so is a tedious, round-about, go-between accustomed to heathen practices.' But affair-months of negotiations as to even when we fail to win the older the cattle to be paid, and then years people, we usually find them not only to find the cattle before you get the willing but anxious for us to take girl. Think of the shocking directness their children and teach them the 'Way of this 'ad' bya young Zulu, in the to believe.' And that is just what we last native paper on my desk. I copy are trying to do. Hundreds of such the wording, which is in English: children are now in our schools, mostly " 'WANTED-Smart, respectable, in the out-stations. In a short time attractive young Lady to correspond they go about as far as the native with a gentleman in good situation teacher _can carry them, and they are (flO monthly), very good home.

now clamoring for something more View, Matrimony. Please write for than our present equipment affords." his photo with strict confidence to "Chef," P. O. Box 1624, Johannes~ " W War Time in Nyasaland burg. Applicants must not be over E doubt whether it is in the nineteen years of age.'

power of anyone at home," "How's that for the new native!

says the quarterly Tidings of the Eng- And now, in this morning's paper, lish Industrial Mission in Nyasaland, prominence is given to a native boy- "to measure the demands upon the cott of certain stores in a large section European and the native populations of the Rand. The boycott is well or- of Nyasaland which have been made ganized, with pickets posted about all by the war. In newspapers lately re- the tabooed shops."

ceived from Africa it is stated that no less than 167,000 natives have been ISLANDS OF THE SEA called up for the transport service, and Films of the Philippines though the whole of these have not SUNDAY-SCHOOL life in the been taken from Nyasaland, we have Philippines is being brought vivid- to face the fact that many of our tIlest ly before home audiences by some fine reliable native helpers have gon~"'- in moving pictures whic;:h have recently addition to the white missionaries, wno been taken by Rev. Jf L. McLaughlin, are being held in -government serviee: Sunday-school Secretary for the Phil

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

ippines, representing the World's Sun': Testament in 1914. It was not an easy day School Association. The first film task, for the Japanese type-setters did shows the large city school, and the not know a word: of Tagalog, and country "barrio" Sunday-school. made thousands of mistakes both in Teachers are pictured as they leave the print and in the references; and it the morning church service and then took steady reading of proof, eight proceed to some outlying station to hours a day for six months, to finish. conduct a Sunday-school. They take with them the needed lesson supplies, A Pioneer Japan Missionary as well as the baby organ. The large O N July 4th Miss Julia N. Crosby adult Bible class in Manila is seen as died at the age of eighty-five in the members marched out at the close Yokohama, Japan. She was one of of their session on the day when 717 the first of the women missionaries to were present. The class began with that country, being associated with the but twenty and after calling them- Hepburns, Ballaghs and other workers selves "We Brothers of 99" started to of the pioneer days. She was the oldgrow. One of the thrilling parts of est lady missionary living on the field. the film is when the audience sees the special train of Sunday"school dele- Miss Crosby, with two associates, gates on their way to the great con-; Mrs. Samuel Pruyn and Mrs. Louise vention in Manila. Sunday-school pa- H. Pierson, both widows, arrived in rades are shown, as well as games of Japan in July, 1871, under the austhe children and many native scenes. pices of the Woman's Union Mission- That film closes with a .fascinating ary Society of America. A day-school "Thank you" by a little Filipino girl, for girls under another mission had who is expressing appreciation for all been started, but these ladies opened the help given by the Sunday-school the first Girls' Boarding School in the friends in America. Empire. This boarding-school, now known as Doremus School, is located Difficulties in the Tagalog Bible at 212 Bluff, Yokohama. For many years Miss Crosby was superintendent GIVING the Word of God to any of the Japan work. people for the first time in their own tongue always means a great OBITUARY NOTES deal of painstaking work. For in- Harvey C. Olin stance, it took almost unlimited patience to put the English Bible into HARVEY C. OLIN, for twenty- Tagalog for the Filipinos. There are one years treasurer of the Presmany words in English and Spanish which have no equivalents in the dia- byterian Board of Home Missions, ·lects spoken in the Philippines, and died July 3rd, in the Lakeside Hoswhen dialect fails, the translator is pital of Chicago, aged 65. Mr. Olin, compelled to substitute Spanish or who had been ill for nearly two years, went last year to Chicago, to be under English words. Also, the lack of uni- the care of a medical friend in Lakeformity in the meaning of words is a side Hospital. In a memorial meeting big obstacle. In Tagalog a word that of the Home Board, July 5th, the means "blue" in one town, in the next speakers mentioned particularly Mr. village will mean "gray." The word Olin's great sympathy with the mismeaning "cup" will also be misunder- sionary on the field. A well known stood as "jar" or as "jug." "Pro- worker among the Indians and another phet" may be totally misul1derstood as worker in Alaska spoke of his ready such five miles away, and will there response to every call. To an offi~e associate he frequently remarked 1ll mean "wizard" or "fortune teller." The American Bible Society decided discussing home mission problems, to revise its edition in 1911, completing "We must look at it from the mission- the task by the revision of the Old ary's standpoint."

_TIm MISSIONARY Ll/lEllMID(_

~ – . , lib'bii"""'iib'U"~"iririi"'" II ova'" 'UVG"'; The Gospel in a Working World. By relation of wages to prices and to prof- Prof. Harry P. Ward. IlIustrat.ed, 12mo, 260 pp. Missionary EducatIon its? Other sub j e c t s discussed are Movement, New York, 1918. "Strikes-the War of Lacbor Against This is the leading Home Mission Capital;" "Master and Man," or the study book for the year. It is filled relation of employe and employer; with facts and incidents bearing upon "Men and Things," or relative values the relation of labor to capital and laboring classes to the Church. The of the laborer and his product. Prof. Ward is inclined to emphasize subject is worthy of thoughtful and the prime importance of social Chrisprayerful study and there are many tianity, but he rightly holds that the labor problems that the Church has Church and Christians are accountable never seriously undertaken to solve.. for their attitude toward laboring Prof. Ward does not propose a remedy for our social ills,. but he poi~ts classes and the conditions that make Christian living difficult, if not imposout some lines on whIch the Chns- sible. He looks upon this territory in tian Church should build a constructive program. He begins his st,ud~ by industrial fields as new territory for •Home Mission work. Ministers and an argument in favor of a man s right Christians of all Classes have clearly a to live-the dangerous employments, responsibility for the solution of these occupational diseases, preventive measures remedies and compensation. labor problems. If they fearlessly es- Prof. Ward next studies the "day's pouse the cause of justice and mercy, work" and shows the unfairness of child labor, long hours and exce.ssive they will have greater influence in leading men to the God of all justice fatigue or unhealthful surround1l1gs; and mercy. . the effect of over-worked parents on the home and on children, born and Prof. Ward's study book challenges unborn. "Continued excessive labor the attention of Christian people. results in general moral degeneration. They may not accept all his state- ments as indicative of prevailing con- The sex instinct is -coarsened and de- ditions, and may question some of his praved," and the thirst for ~ntox}cants conclusions, but his facts must lead increases. The lowest gratification of us to consider anew our responsibility the forms of· animal appetites is the for present conditions and lead us to pleasure to which worn-out workers seek a remedy.

turn. They cannot enjoy intellectual Underwood of Korea. By His Wife.. Iland spiritual recreation-therefore lustrated, 8vo, 350 pp. $1.50 net. Flemthe Church has no real hold on them ing H. Revell Co., New York, 1918.

and no opportunity to train them. Horace G. Underwood was one of What can be expected from the em- the pioneer missionaries who "made ployes in 491 stores in Chicago where Korea famous." He went to the women frequently work 70 hours a "Land of Morning Calm" in 1885 as a missionary of the American week? The third topic under discussion Presbyterian Church. For over thirty is "The Pay Envelope." The wage years he labored there-itinerating, problem has always been present with teaching, translating, f 0 u n din g us and no doubt always will be. How churches and schools, and finally be- much must a man have to keep in fore his death seeing the inauguration health and support a family? How of two desires of his heart-a Union much must a girl or woman be paid to Bible School and a Union Christian support herself without making pov- College.

~rty a temptation to sin? What is the • The life of Dr. Underwood in Korea was full of thrilling incidents. He Sun. The bibliography is very comwas there and was in intimate touch plete and opens the way to further with the court during the China- study. Japan war, the establishment of the Japanese protectorate, and the Russo- Armema-A Martyr Nation. By M. C. Japanese war. He sawall the great Gabrie1ian. Illustrated, 8vo, 352 pp. political, social and religious changes $1.75 :let. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1918. take place and helped to develop the Christian Church from nothing to a The history of Armenia for the last remarkable body of self-supporting, 100 years has been one of massacre. evangelizing Christians. The tragic story is here told by a Mrs. Underwood's description of member of the martyr race who was her husband's character and career is Medaurc?aotvedan,ininthPerinAcmeteornicaTnheoMloisgsii~oani full of human interest-not an idealis- Semmary and Jefferson Medical Coltic sketch, but with facts that show lege, Philadelphia. The book comboth strength and weakness. His bines a description of Armenia, a his- British ancestors passed on to him a tory of the Armenian people and their goodly heritage and his early training religion, the political situation in Turfitted him for the mission field. At key, the story of Protestant Missions the age of four Horace Underwood among Armenians, the massacres of resolved to become a missionary. 1821-7, 1843, 1860, 1877, 1893 to '95, After his seminary course, at New 1908 and 1915 and '16, and the relief work conducted by Americans, Brit- Brunswick, N. J., he decided to go to ish and Russians.

India, but when Korea was opened While not as discriminating as up to the Gospel a student's paper on some other volumes by those able to the "Hennit Kingdom" turned him to write more dispassionately, this is the that field. most complete history of "the Arme- nians that has appeared. The author The story of Dr. Underwood's life is naturally bitterly anti-Turkish and in Korea is of intense interest and overlooks many of the faults of his worthy of careful reading. The trials people, but no civilized man or woman of pio!1eering; the methods by which can r~ad th!s story ?f hardship and success was attained; the opportuni- suffenng Without being moved with ties offered by royal favor; the diffi- indignation at Turkish cruelty and culties due to political complications; European diplomacy. The time has the foundation-laying in Bible work come to end Turkish misrule and to and education-all reveal missionary rehabilitate Armenia. life and the secret of success in Korea. In this biography we see the best side The Fulfilment of a Dream of Pastor of the hero's character and discover Hsi. By A. Mildred Cable. I11ustrated, what one consecrated missionary can 12mo, 268 pp. 5s net. Morgan & Scott, accomplish. London, 1918.

The Development of Japan. By Kenneth Pastor Hsi, the Chinese scholar and S. Latourelle. 8vo, 237 pp. $1.50. The opium smoker who became a Chris- Macmillan Co., New York, 1918. tian, has become known to many through his life-story written by Mrs. This concise history of Japan re- Howard Taylor. His dream showed cords the progress from the earliest him a tree, cut down but sprouting times until 1917-from the age of again and becoming stronger than obscurity, through various stages of before. The tree was the H wochow transition and struggle to the emer- Church, the story of which is here gence of the nation as a world power told with many charming and intiand the leading people of Asia. It is mate touches which reveal the inner chiefly valuable as a record of out- side of missionary life and prove the working of God's power in restanding facts relating to the political progress of the empire of the Rising mote places. Pastor Hsi died in 1896; connection with the Quadricentennial four years later came the Boxer up- Celebration. It deals chiefly with the rising, when Hwochow missionaries events of the sixteenth century, reviewwere murdered, but the native Chris- ing especially the political and religious tians were marvellously preserved. movements, Luther's life, and gives The story that follows is well worth brief acocunts of other reformations. a prominent place in missionary history. The Holy Scriptures. ANew <Jewish) Translation. 8vo. 1136 pp. Jewish Honey Bun, Others and Us. By Irene Publication Society, Philadelphia, 1917. H. Barnes. 8vo. Illustrated.' 1s 6d net. Church Missionary Society, Lon- This Old Testament translation is don, 1917.. interesting because it is Jewish. The translators have taken advantage of Missionary play books for little Protestant scholarship and generally children are not many. This one is a follow the revised version. bright, readable story of a bear, an elephant, a monkey and a tiger. It The Jewish translators have in some has patterns for cutouts and ideas for cases shown an apparent wish to making useful things. Between the lines avoid interpretations which support it is a real live missionary story. Christian clainis.

Home and Foreign Fields. The Mission- In Psalm ii, 12, the passage, "Kiss ary Journal of the Southern Baptist the Son lest he be angry," etc., is ren- Convention. Edited by G. S. Dobbins. dered, "Do homage in purity lest he SO cents a year, Nashville, Tenn. be angry and ye perish in the way."

This- is one of the most attractive of In Isaiah vii, 14, the new version the denominational periodicals. It is a changes "a virgin" to "the young great improvement on the ancient For- woman." The Messianic names in ei_qn Mission Journal and The Home Isaiah ix-xv are simply transliterated Field. With fine illustrations, large "And his name is called Pele-joez-elpages, good type, readable articles and gibbor-Abi-ad-sar-shalom." A footup-to-date news, it sets an excellent standard for religious periodicals. note applies the titles of the Messiah to God. "They shall look upon me Heroes of the Campus. By Joseph W. whom they have pierced" of Zechariah Cochran. 12mo. 167 pp. 60 cents is translated: "They shall look unto net. Presbyterian Board of Publica- tion, Phil a., Pa., 1917. me because they have thrust him through." Then a footnote gives, These live stories of live Christian "That is, the nations." young men will· be an inspiration to any boy or young man. They in- Standard Missionary Picture Roll. For clude stories of Pitkin, the martyr; Kui Home and Foreign Missionary Instruc- Takahashi, the Japanese football star; tion in the Bible School. Edited by Arthur Jackson, ,Ie physician; William Sue Reynolds Staley. 3 feet by 2 feet -V. Borden, the millionaire. These life 4 inches. $1.00. Published by the stories are good reading and furnish Standard Publishing Co., Cincinnati, many powerful illustrations for sermons Ohio, 1918. to young people. Eye-gate is an important entrance Protest and Progress. By Carolus P. to Man-Soul. This large colored Harry. 12mo; Illustrated. 162 pp. picture roll opens the gate immediate- 50 cents, c)oth; 30 cents, paper. 1917. ly to facts relating to Home and Foreign Missions. The pictures are This book has b.e~n prepared for attractive and clear. The facts are use in classes, particularly Lutheran, well chosen-and forcefully put. Hang studying the Protestant Reformation in thy roll in the Sunday School or yopng peoples room and it will preach silently, continuoQsly and' effeotively.

The Missionary Review of the World — June 1917

H OW AFRICAK S RESPOlD TO THE MESSAGE OF

A scene at a Baptismal S ervice of the United Free Church of Scot1and Mission in Lou don, British Cen tral Africa.

MISSIONARY

EVIEW~ VOL. ———-=——==—) XL JUNE,1917 NUMRER Six SIGNS OF THE TIMES ARE PEOPLE HUNGRY FOR THE GOSPEL?

M ANY young missionaries have heard stories of the heathen .hungering for the bread of life and holding out their hands eagerly for the Gospel and when these missionaries went to the fields they often found instead of religious eagerness only lethargy and. indifference. Were they deceived by misrepresentations ? Yes and no.

The world is to-day not greatly different from the world into which Christ came. He came to His own and His own received Him not. Men wanted something but He did not seem to them to be what they wanted. On the other hand there were those who had waited for Him and who knew Him when He came as the thing desired of their hearts, and to as many as received Him to them gave He power to become the sons of God.

Throughout the non-Christian nations to-day there is the same misunderstanding and dislike on one hand and the same interest and readiness to hear on the other.

Interest and accessibility are not always intelligent acceptance. But the audience is really there and waiting to-day on all the great mission fields. Here is a report from one station in India: "A large party went through the bazaar singing, and the shopkeepers begged them to stop and preach in front of their shops. .

"Twenty-three Indian women took part in the campaign. On Friday the largest number were out, twenty in six different parties. We are now hearing com- plaints from people that we did not come to their house; and where we did go, they begged us to come again.

"To-day, two Christian women and myself went to a Mohammedan village.

We spoke to 100 people, who listened with the greatest interest. We could hardly get away and they begged us to come again next week. We have marvelled every day of the campaign at the wonderful opportunities, at the interest the people took and at the little opposition. Many of the Christian women are anxious to keep

the work up. After the city campaign closed, two of the women went by themselves to the city to preach."

This is no overdrawn and enthusiastic exaggeration, and the picture it represents can be duplicated a thousand times from Japan, the Philippines, Chosen, China and Mexico. "Every night the meetings were held in the largest churches we had," reported a worker from Mexico City, "and the houses were crowded to the doors and the people stood without on the street." .

The Church of Christ may not turn aside from such work to any other. She can perform all her duties. She needs to leave none of them undone in order that others may be done.

THE CHINESE MENTAL REVOLUTION M ANY authorities on things Chinese believe that China's entrance into the European war on the side of the Allies will awaken the nation to her responsibilities and opportunities, and will unite the republic. There are also signs that China is becoming modernized even more rapidly than she is becoming Christian.

The Peking correspondent of the Shanghai North China Daily News believes that an entire revolution of the mental attitude of the Chinese is going on, and gives the following illustration: "The President's visit to Paotingfu shows the process of development taking place. The President went one hundred miles by train to attend the commencement exercises of a thousand students graduated at the Military Academy, in the old capital of Chihli. Three facts indicate a state of things inconceivable in China a generation ago.

"The least significant is that it is possible to journey a hundred miles from Peking into the interior to do business, and to return to the capital, all within a few hours. Next comes the fact that one thousand young Chinese of the better classes have completed a military education of a modern character, fitting them for commissioned rank. Third, the ruler of the State calmly walks in and out of his palace, drives along streets in his motor, brushes through crowds at railway stations, makes a popular address, and all the time is doing what everybody thinks nat" ural and proper. Truly, this trip of the President is indicative of nothing less than a revolution of thought in the mind of China, a revolution of which the possibilities are equally endless and encouraging."

A still more hopeful feature of the new life in China is the acceptance of higher ideals of service as presented by the Young Men's Christian Associations. Under their guidance hundreds of students are being enlisted in definite work to uplift their countrymen.

One significant piece of social service being done by the members of the Student Association of the University of Nanking is known as the "People's Schools,'J started about two years ago. They are conducting five different schools with a total enrolment of over 300, which

OF THE

are held in five churches in different sections of the city. The ages of the pupils range from fifteen to fifty years, and they meet six evenings a week, from seven to nine o'clock.

The Interchurch Department of the Shanghai Association is also fulfilling a most timely function. Institutes have been held for church and Sunday school work, unit'ing all denominations. As a result, the Association has become a clearing house for volunteer workers. At one of these institute sessions ISO alumni of Chinese colleges considered how they might lend aid in building up the Christian Church in China. Definite tasks of Christian service were presented, and the unanimity with which these college men pledged themselves for the work of the Kingdom presents large hope for future indigenous religious leadership.

"OF JAPANESE WOMEN LIBERATED all the signs of progress in present-day Japan, none is more startling than the rise of woman," says an editorial in the English Japan Advertiser of Jilly 28th. "After centuries of inferiority in a country that until the last few years has always subordinated the position of woman, self-realization among the Japanese fair sex, the dream of ages, is becoming a fact among the more advanced. As yet there are no suffragettes in the land of Nippon, nor cries of 'votes for women' j but there are many movements which show that the time has arrived for an improvement in the position of woman.

"Instances of revolt from the bondage of Old Japan are not wanting among Japanese women. A few weeks ago lliss Tokutomi, the daughter of a member of the House of Peers, joined the Salvation Army. Her father is famous in Japan as a writer, also as editor and proprietor of the Kokumin Shimbun; but his pleadings availed nothing in keeping his daughter from leaving her home and entering active work for Christ.

"Several daughters of well-to-do families have refused to marry by the aid of go-betweens, and have asked their parents to allow them a year's acquaintance to determine whether the young men selected are satisfactory. Recently the daughter of a wealthy government official was matched to a young man whom she flatly refused to marry. She is a member of 'The New Woman,' an association which has as its organ a magazine edited by women and known as the J00 (Queen). Although only twenty years old, she has translated a great part of the works of Ellen Key, and has imbibed her ideas."

PROGRESS IN MOSLEM THOUGHT I N spite of the backward steps that Moslems have been taking politi- cally, and the trend toward barbarism seen among the Turks, there are some very encouraging signs of awakening in Moslem intellectual life. These signs are particularly evident in the lands, like India,

where Islam has come into close contact with Christian thought and life. "The present spiritual attitude of Mohammedans is distinctly cheering," says a writer in a recent number of the Church Missionary Review. "There is a movement from Mohammed towards Christ, and nowhere is this more evident than among the sixty millions of Mohammedans in India.

"Many of them are dropping the name Mohammedan altogether, and taking Mussulman in its place. Some of them take this in its true spiritual sense. One writes to me, 'My cre.ed is this: I believe in God as my Father and in His unchanging love for me, and so I call myself a Mussulman, i.e., one who is at peace with, and is submissive to God.'

"Mohammedans now have higher ideals than the prophet himself. The new Islam also feels compelled to re-interpret part of the Koran. It is at pains to prove that the Mohammedan faith was never propagated by the sword, that slavery was only a temporary institution, and that Mohammed never permitted polygamy. Their ideas of Mohammed are colored with ideas from the Bible of what a prophet should be like, and he is now represented as humble, kind, pure, and the like. Higher criticism of this character will not long hold the field. When to this is added that we find side by side a growing attraction to the character of Christ and an increased hostility to Him-the almost inevitable signs of a true unveiling of Christ-we may well thank God and take courage."

If Christians are alive to this opportunity no sacrifice will be spared to lay hold of it, and to show by teaching and by life that Christ is the one great Revealer of God, and the only one who makes possible the realization of the highest ideals.

A MISSIONARY CONFERENCE IN MEXICO T HE largest and most important Protestant Convention ever held in Mexico, met in Mexico City from March 27th to April 1st. It was one of the regional gatherings planned, in connection with the . Panama Congress, to adopt a program and to unite the evangelical missionary forces in each Latin-American country.

The Conference was widely advertized as the "Convencion N aci- onal" and in spite of disturbed conditions over .100 delegates came from all over the Republic. One Protestant minister journeyed 2,500 miles and many delegates from the United States came double that distance. The following churches and organizations were represented: Metho- dist, North and South; Presbyterian, North and South; Northern Bap- tist, Congregationalists, Disciples, Friends, Y. M. C. A., American Bible Society, Committee on Cooperation in Latin America, Associate Reformed Presbyterian, Pentecostal Church of the Nazarene, and the Seventh Day Adventists. Nine of these organizations had representa- tives from the United States as well as from Mexico, including such

OF THE

prominent men as Bishop Francis J. McConnell, Bishop Collins Denny, Dr. A. W. Halsey, Dr. S. Earl Taylor, Dr. W. W. Pinson, Dr. Egbert W. Smith, and Dr. Charles E. Tebbetts.

Mexican Christians were elected as officers of the Convention and showed themselves highly capable. The discussions were of the highest order and were reported verbatim. The program followed the eight reports of the Panama Congress. Cooperation was the central idea, and the plans suggested at the Cincinnati Conference in 19 I 4 were generally the basis. There was an earnest desire to conduct the work in Mexico so that there would be no great duplication of work in some fields whiote others are neglected. There are now some cities where many workers reside, while whole states of a million population are still without even one evangelical missionary. When the Mexican leaders learned that the proposed division of territorial responsibilit.y meant a better program for Mexican evangelization and did not invade the rights of independent self-supporting congregations, they became enthusiastic supporters of the plan. This will help to develop an independent, self-supporting, self-governing, missionary chqrch in Mexico. The Conference voted to submit the proposed division of territory to the Mexican churches and to the several Boards for further consideration. The largest practical results of the meetings between the representatives of the Boards at the Conference were the completion of plans to open the "Evangelical Seminary of Mexico" and the organization of a union publishing plant with a union paper and a joint book depository. Five Boards agreed to cooperate in the new union seminary which was to be opened in rented quarters in Mexico City on May 1st.

Among the twenty-one recommendations made by the Convention in favor of an aggressive cooperative program to take advantage of the opportunities now presented to the Evangelical Church are: I. That all the denominations adopt the common name "The Mexican Evangelical Church," placing the denominational name in parenthesis when desired; that plans for the better distribution of the territory be developed; and that a committee be appointed to study plans for the organic union of such churches in Mexico as desire to take that step.

2. The formation of a Committee on Cooperation, composed of one national worker and one missionary from each communion or society working in Mexico.

3. That other National Conventions be held under the auspices of this Committee.

4- That an Interdenominational Council of Education be formed; that a movement be started toward a Union Mexican Evangelical University; that the Normal Schools of Mexico be merged into four-two for young women and two for young men.

s. That there be formed a united publishing house for all the

churches, which shall publish the union organ of the Mexican Evangelical Church, a young people's paper, and practical literature on temperance and purity.

6. That plans for interdenominational hospitals and dispensaries be studied.

7. That institutional churches, settlement work, and People's Institutes like the one in Piedras N egras, be established.

These findings represent the best leadership of the Mexican Evangelical Church, Foreign delegates formed less than half of the of- ~ial list and the conclusions were almost entirely those of the Mexican brethren.

There is evidence on every hand that the leaders of the new life of Mexico look to the evangelical churches and schools as their strongest helpers. Interviews with President Carranza and other officials led the delegates to believe that the new constitution is not intended to affect adversely the evangelical work. In the period of adjustment there may be some suffering, but God will lead the Christian Church to a great service to needy Mexico.

Interest in Evangelical Christianity in Mexico was shown by the large attendance at the open meetings. Every night the large Methodist Church was crowded to the doors and on Sunday a thousand people attended the service while many others were turned away. This building is a perfect beehive of Christian activities, and houses not only the big church auditorium and large Sunday-school rooms, but a printing plant, book store, executive offices, and residences for three mission families. Evangelical Christianity in the capital of Mexico is well-prepared to take advantage of the wonderful opportunities opened to it because of the thirst of the people for religious knowledge and the restoration of the constitutional regime, which is everywhere in evidence.

There are concrete results of this Convention which cannot fail to be of the first importance. Hitherto missionary endeavor in Mexico has been strongly individualistic. Each board went up to possess the land largely without regard to the ways of others. Now it is proposed that evangelical propaganda there shall be reduced to a system. The way is wide open as it has never been before. The revolutionary leaders are friendly to a religious propaganda that is moralizing, democratic, and non-political. Not a few Protestants occupy influential positions. More important even than this is the profound intellectual awakening that the revolution has brought to the submerged classes of Mexico. They are aroused to a new freedom and Protestantism has been in Mexico now for a generation. Its fruits are shown in the intelligence, industry, sobriety, efficiency and character of the evangelical Christians. The congregations assembling at the convention sessions and those to be seen at the several churches on Sunday are manifestly better clothed and better fed than were similar groups twenty-five years ago. All these facts have an evidential value among the Mexicans.

OF THE

A CHRISTIAN WAR PROGRAM E VER since it has seemed inevitable that the United States should enter the war, the principal Christian organizations in America have been planning to render spiritual service in the great emer- gency which the creation of a vast army will involve. The American Tract Society has undertaken to furnish "Gospel Munitions" in large quantities for American soldiers and sailors. The Christian Endeavor Society has issued a call to its members to keep in touch with all Endeav- orers who enlist, to support the Red Cross, to agitate for prohibition as a war measure, to help increase and conserve the food supply, and to keep "the home fires burning." The Bible Societies are preparing to furnish gospels by the thousands.

But the organization which is planning for work on the largest scale is the Young Men's Christian Association.

Under the leadership of the International Committee, the Army and Navy Department and Dr. John R. Mott, a program has been out- lined on the basis of 1,000,000 soldiers under arms within the next few months. – For use in 1917 $3,000,000 will be raised by the Associatiol1 to provide for employment of 1,000 secretaries, erection of 200 buildings at mobilization camps throughout the country and equipment and main- tenance of these centers in physical, social and religious activities. Organized campaigns for obtaining volunteer secretaries and rais- ing the $3,000,000 are being waged. Already men are volunteering, and large gifts are being made. A typical state campaign is that of Illinois, which will seek $300,000 for seventy-five secretaries and fifteen buildings. One million dollars has already been pledged and it is ex- pected that the entire three million will be in sight by June 1 st. As the work of the Association has been an invaluable factor in the lives of both soldiers and prisoners of war in Europe, and of American troops on the Mexican border, it may be expected to make a unique contribution to the higher side of America's great struggle. If physicians, surgeons and Red Cross nurses are needed to con- serve the physical welfare of the army and navy, much more are spiritual workers needed to minister to the moral and spiritual welfare of the men and so protect both body and soul. The Living Church calls especial attention to the obligation which the war places upon American Christians to seek the moral and religious health of the soldiers. "The government appoints a chaplain for each regiment but gives him no equipment nor allowance for providing such. The Young Men's Christian Association does excellent work, especially in the larger camps; but the unit of the army is the regiment, and only on a regimental scale, and by strengthening the chaplains, can moral and social assistance to the men be adequately given. The chaplain is the official moral and

spiritual guide to the regiment. He is the promoter of clean social life. He is the friend of all the men, especially when these are in any sort of distress. "

The chaplains should be men of strong personality and godliness and they should be well supported by the churches with the best equipment possible for spiritual work.

MISSIONS AND RELIEF IN TURKEY D IPLOMATIC relations have been broken between the United States and the Ottoman Government but war has not been de- clared. This makes the situation of the ninety-five Americans in Turkey somewhat uncertain. There is, however, no reason to fear for their safety. Some of the missionary buildings in Asia Minor have been taken over by the Turks for use as hospitals or barracks but there is little expectation that the occupation is more than temporary. The work at Constantinople College for Women and Robert College is going on as usual in spite of the high cost of food and a shortage of instructors. Talaat Pasha, the Grand Vizier, recently declared in an interview that American missionaries would not be disturbed in their work.

. The Turkish people and most of the Turkish officials are friendly toward Americans and realize something of their great debt to unselfish Christian philanthropy. They could be only the losers by the departure of Americans. The withdrawal of Consuls and other American Government representatives may make the situation more difficult but will not put a stop to missionary work. Even British subjects have been allowed to remain unmolested. American missionaries in Talas, Marsovan, Harput, Adana, Mardin, Smyrna and elsewhere are remaining at their posts.

There is no difficulty in transmitting financial credit to Constantinople through Switzerland and Holland so that relief work need not be interrupted. With 500,000 Armenians to succor-the hope for the future of Asia Minor and as many more Syrians in need of help, there is still an abundance of responsibility for those who are able to come to the rescue of these. afflicted peoples. The American Committee for Syrian and Armenian Relief has sent to Constantinople $1,300,000 and is sending more each week. Mr. Wm. Peet of Constantinople writes: "These are days of wonderful opportunity and I am sure we are laying the foundation for influence that can be turned to good account in the future. "

NEED OF STEADYHEADEDNESS

T HE neglect of present duty is poor preparation for the perform- ance of future duty. And yet in our colleges and churches multi- tudes of people are shirking the tasks of to-day in their feverish anticipation of the tasks of to-morrow.. Students are eager to get away from their college work and can not fix their minds on their lectures or books and many are rushing into forms of service for which they are not best fitted and from which they will not be able to release themselves for the work which they ought really to do.

In the Christian Church also we are trying to solve problems in .whose solution it is hopeless for us to compete against time, because time alone, and not we, can provide the elements of the solution. We are eager for some thing different from what we have. The doctrine of "drop it and try something else" which has pervaded modern life and education is yielding an ample harvest. The wise leaders are talking to us calmly. Let us listen to them and do our own business better and more sedulously than ever. Until a new task is given to us the greatest contribution that we can make to the nation is to do our old tasks better than ever before.

In missions we need to be steady and calm. The enterprise has met greater difficulties than those which it is facing to-day. It will meet these also. And it will meet them the more adequately if all missionary workers will quietly go straight forward, dropping no duty that they are doing because a great war with new duties has come. Missionaries who were returning home on furlough or starting from furlough to their fields should go forward just as in times of peace. New missionaries should be appointed and should go out to their fields. The churches should give not less but more than in other days. "Be still and know that I am God." And God would add "Do your duty quietly and more amply." The work is what it was. You are what you were. The Great Commission is not conditioned on world politics. The harvest is wider than ever and the thunder of war must not drive away the reapers.

Dr. Moffatt's translation of the New Testament renders I Peter, 4 :7-"Steady then, keep cool and pray."

THE WAR AND THE MISSIONARY CALL T HE work of foreign missions has never been stopped and must not now be stopped by war. The great foreign missionary so- cieties of Great Britain were launched in the midst of great European wars, and if the earlier missionaries from the Continent had

waited for times of world peace before setting out on their undertakings, they would never have gone. The first foreign missionaries from the United States, sent out by the American Board, arrived during the war of 18 I 2. If the Church could ever be justified in waiving her mission- ary duty irr times of national difficulty it would have been during the Civil War. The Southern Presbyterian Church projected its foreign missionary work then. To quote Dr. Houston's words, in a noble address delivered in Philadelphia in May, 1888: .

"When in ·that day she found herself girt about as with a wall of fire, when no missionary had it in his power to go forth from her bosom to the regions beyond, the first General Assembly put on record the solemn declaration that, as this Chuf(,h now unfurled the banner to the world, she desired distinctly and deliberately to inscribe on it, 'in immediate connection with the Headship of her Lord, His last command', "Go ye into all the world and preach the Gospel to every creature," regarding this as the great end of her organization, and obedience to it as the indispensable condition of her Lord's promised presence.' And the moment the way was opened she sent forth her sons and her daughters."

The experience of the missionary board of one of the churches in the Northern States during the Civil War will be illustrative, we believe, of almost all. In the spring of 1862 the Northern Presbyterian Board reported that instead of ending the year with a heavy debt as was seriously feared, the Board had been able "to support the missions in nearly all cases in their usual vigor, to send out new laborers, to occupy new ground in some instan~es, and to close the year in a satisfactory manner." The Board expressed the hope "that a not less vigorous support of this work will be afforded in the coming year," and appealed for an increase of 25 per cent. in the gifts of the churches, in order that the work of the missions might not be reduced or new missionaries kept at home. The following year the Board reported that none of the new missionary candidates had been kept at home except for health or similar reasons. As the war drew to a close the Board reported that never in its history had there been times when the financial prospects appeared so dark. The rates of exchange cut the value of American bills in half. But the light broke through the darkness, and the Board reported in 1865, "It has not been necessary to break up any of the missions, to recall any of the missionaries or to keep at home for pecuniary reasons any of the brethren who desired to be sent forth on this service."

The Christian conscience of the nation during the days of the Civil War saw in the generous outpouring of life at the call of the nation not a reason for exemption but a ground of appeal in the matter of missionary service. The General Assembly of 1865 resolved "That the work of Foreign Missions calls for expansion. The prayers and wants of our brethren in the field, the field itself white to the harvest, the loss occasioned by age, infirmity and death among the labourers, all appeal for an increase of men and means; while the voice of God's providence, in His favour to this work, clearly says to His Church 'Go forward.' The promptness, energy and abundance with which our young men have come forward during the past year

COMMENT 4II

to engage in our armies for the defense of our nation should encourage Christians to pray for that increased devotion of our sons to the service of Christ, which is demanded to provide ministers and missionaries to go into the fields which are now open to hear the gospel."

Surely, the Church can not be justified in sinking to a lower measure of courage and devotion than marked our fathers in the days of the Civil War. The nation is vastly richer now than then, and abundantly able to meet every obligation, first among them its obligations to God and the Gospel. There are men enough and to spare for all the work that needs to be done-foremost the great constructive work of spreading Christ's message of peace and good-will among the nations, and planting everywhere the principles of the Gospel. The increase of suffering on account of war does not diminish the chronic suffering of Asia and Africa. The hungry of these lands are not less hungry because there is want in Europe as well. Preachers of the Gospel, medical missionaries, teachers and friends of mankind who will serve the needy in the spirit of Christ are more needed throughout the non-Christian world to-day than they were before the war. And while all other duties must be done, these primary and continuing duties must not be left undone. The nation will be stronger for its task of war if it is faithful to its ministries of peace.

More than this can be said. These present months should witness the greatest enlistment that the Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions has ever known. Thousands of students who now realize the futility and faithlessness of selfish lives should hear, not only the call of the nation for loyal service in a great emergency, which all men hope will soon be over, but the call of God and of humanity for a service that shall last through life and make the whole world its field.

"THE PRAYER IN THE PRESENT CRISIS poor man cried, and the Lord heard him and delivered him out of all his troubles." What is true of the poor man may be true of the nation. The only real deliverance is from God. No man can foresee the coming events and no human force can control the powers of mind and of nature that are the greatest factors in determining the outcome of the war. Who can foresee the developments in Russia and their effects on the destinies of the world? Who can predict the influence of China or the developments in Latin America? Only God can foresee and direct the forces that will ultimately carry out this program.

A call to prayer has been appropriately sounded to unite Christians everywhere in humble acknowledgment of sins, in earnest desire to uhderstand and sympathize with the ideals and plans of Almighty God and to discover the most prompt and complete way of co-operating with His gracious plans for the betterment of mankind. The World's Evangeli-

cal Alliance sent out from London such a call to observe May 27th as a day of humiliation and prayer. Great Britain and America have equal need not only for a day but for unceasing prayer that their national pro- grams may be corrected and that the personal lives of their citizens may be rectified. The curse of the drink traffic is not yet fully recognized and attacked; immorality in cities and camps was never more subtle and deadly; the legislatures are still honeycombed with graft and laws are proposed and too often passed in the interests of gambling, Sabbath breaking and immorality. Selfish pleasure and greed for gold controls the motives Of the vast majority of the populations. Only about one- half of the people of the United States acknowledge God by membership in any of His churches, or by attendance at places devoted to His worship. God seems to be saying: "For three transgressions, yea for . four, I will not turn away the punishment" of America and England. These countries, equally with the nations of Continental Europe, must recognize their transgressions, must repent. "Seek ye Me and live," saith the Lord.

There is need for prayer that the p'eople of God will turn and acknowledge again the ideals of God-the ideals of unity, of purity and of self-sacrificing service. We must accept as the practical plan in dc..ily living, God's ideals of reverence for His name, His day, His Word, His Son, His will. The rule of life must be: No compromise with evil, no lowering of standards. God's people must look on life as God sees it-as a trust to be used in unselfish service; and must see the world in the light of God's program-the evangelization of the remotest spot in the world and also of the godless homes, of factories and offices of cities and towns at home.

When one looks on the corruption that is in the world and the forces for evil, there is a feeling of helplessness. This is need for, prayer that the omnipotent God will do what impotent man cannot. Man seems to be at the end of his resources. God is not. When "the poor man cried, the Lord heard him and delivered him out of all his troubles. " The problems of to-day are too great for human wisdom-the problems of peace, of reconstruction, of national government and international co-operation. It is time to acknowledge human failure and to seek divine strength and guidance. It is time to recognize the leadership of the Holy Spirit of God and to bring all the forces of righteousness into harmony with the program and nature of God.

Recollections of Missionary Incidents*

BY EUGENE STOCK, D.C.L., LONDON, ENGLAND For Thirty Two Years One of the Se"retaries of the eh urch Missionary Society of England T HE first recollection that I will mention goes back sixty-eight years, to the memorable year 1848. That was the great year of revolutions, when most of the sovereigns of Europe lost their crowns (Victoria being the most conspicuous exception), and when even the Pope was expelled from Rome. Let us suppose that it is the 2nd of November. I am, as a boy of twelve, at my first missionary meeting. It is a great gathering of three thousand people in Exeter Hall (then the chief place for large religious assemblies). It is the Jubilee Meet- ingof the Church Missionary Society. Sir Robert H. Inglis is the first speaker. He is the Member of Parliament for Oxford University, and an ideal specimen of "the fine old English gentleman, all of the olden time," as the ancient song expresses it. He reminds us that in the calen- dar of the Roman Church it is "All Souls' Day," with its requiem services for the departed. "We," he exclaims, "don't pray for all the souls of the dead, but let us pray, and work, for all the souls of the living." Then follows the Bishop of Oxford, Samuel Wilberforce. He is indisputably the most brilliant of Anglican Bishops, and his silvery eloquence is unrivalled. He is the acknowledged leader of the High Church party but his hereditary links with the great Evangelical Society have led him to a cordial acceptance of the invitation to be a speaker, and his superb oratory is punctuated by continuous applause, especially when ho refers to his "honoured father," the great Christian philanthropist of George the Third's time, William Wilberforce, or to the chief leader of the Evangelical Revival, John Wesley. The boy of twelve sits for five or six hours listening to these and other speakers, and receives an inspiration for life i but in his wildest dreams he never guesses that he himself is destined, in the wonderful providence of God, not only to be identified with that Missionary Society for half a century, but actually to compile its history.

Come forward two or three years. It is the 2nd of January, 185 I. That same boy is at another missionary meeting, quite a small one, in an old-fashioned school-room in North London. But the occasion is not one of small importance or interest. It is the leave-taking of·a noble missionary, a German, but working under the same British missionary society, Ludwig Krapf. He has already been in Africa thirteen years. He has been the first messenger of Christ in modern times on the East .. It is a dangerous thing to ask an old man to jot down reminiscences. For, once he begins, how are you going to stop him? But the editor of this REVIEW is of course conscious of his absolute power in such a case, and when inviting me to indulge in a few recollections, he perhaps muttered to himself some such words as these: "If that Britisher proves too long-winded, I can easily shut him up!" In point of fact I could without difficulty fill the whole REVIEW with my memories of the past, even while confining myself, as I am requested, to the one subject of Foreign Missions. But I will choose a very few, and do my best to observe the allotted limits.-E. S.

Coast. He and his colleague Rebmann have already been the discoverers of the two mighty mountains, Kilimanjaro and Kenia, and the first to hear of great lakes in the far interior, though unable to reach them. And now Krapf is gravely proposing to "walk across Africa under an umbrella"; and this obscure gathering of sympathizing friends is to wish him Godspeed and to commend him to the care of the Lord, whose messenger he is. Again the boy who sits in the audience is utterly unconscious of the wonderful future; how the researches of that missionary are destined to inspire the great travellers whose journeys will eventually issue. in the practical division of Africa among the European nations, and will lead to the rise of Christian churches in the very heart of the continent.

More than twenty years pass away. The course of that boy's life goes in other directions. In 1873 the call comes to him to enter the service of the Missionary Society at whose Jubilee he had been present a quarter of a century earlier. On June 24th of that year he is for the first time in the board-room of that Society. Its leaders are interviewing a brilliant Anglo-Indian statesman. It is Sir Bartle Frere, who has been sent by Gladstone, the British Prime Minister, to negotiate with the Sultan of Zanzibar, for the suppression of the East African slave trade-that "open sore of the world," as Livingstone called it. Frere has returned to England to report his success, and he has come to the Church Missionary Society to urge the revival and development of Krapf's plans of 185 I for the evangelization of Africa, which had lain dormant for many years. He stands before a large map of the Dark Continent, and points out to the listening committeemen the possibilities of work on the East Coast. But none of them, nor the young man who is present for the first time that day, can foresee how from those suggestions of Bartle Frere's will by and by issue the great missions that are destined forty years later to give world-wide fame to the strange name of one of the obscure and barbarous tribes among which they will work-Kikuyu.

THE DEATH OF LIVINGSTONE A few weeks before that June day in 1873, an event had occurred in the heart of Africa, of which nothing was known in Christendom un- til the following .Tanuary. This was the death of the greatest of African missionaries, David Livingstone. Let us come to April, 1874. The C. M. S. Committee are interviewing a black African lad, who has been one of Livingstone's band, and who (as the one knowing English best) was chosen to lead the burial services when the Doctor's heart, etc., were laid in a little grave in the midst of the forest. He tells his story. "vVhere did you find him dead?" asks the Secretary. "Sir," replies the lad, "he was kneeling by the side of his little couch, and was quite dead." "Who read the prayer by the grave?" "Sir, I did." "And what did you do next?" "Sir, we fired off our guns." "And then?" "Sir, we

RECOLLECTIONS OF MISSIONARY

sat down, and cried a great deal." Then he tells the wonderful story of that band of young Africans carrying their dear master's body more than a thousand miles to the coast. A few days later, April 24th, he stands in Westminster Abbey, one of the pall-bearers of David Livingstone.

That death woke up Christendom. "Africa must have the Gospel," was everywhere the cry. Henry Stanley went out, navigated the great lakes, explored the mighty Congo, and visited Uganda. From Uganda he sent his memorable challenge to the Home Church. Let us come to the C. M. S. board-room again on April 25, 1876. The first party for Uganda are being taken leave of. One of them is a young Scottish engineer from the University of Aberdeen, Alexander Mackay. As the youngest member of the band he is the last to reply to the instructions of the Committee. What does he say? He says this: "Within six months you will probably hear that one of us is dead. Is it likely that eight Englishmen will start for Central Africa, and all be alive six months after? One of us at least-it may be I-will surely fall before that. But when that news comes, don't be cast down, but send some one else immediately to take the vacant place." They go forth. Within eighteen months only two are left, and he is one of them. For fourteen years he devotes himself to the people of Uganda, and then dies in Africa without having once come home. His last letter, written to the man who more than forty years earlier had been the boy of twelve at the Jubilee meeting, contains these words: "But what is this you write-Come home? Surely now, in our terrible dearth. of workers, it is not the time for anyone to desert his post. Send us only our first twenty men, and I may be tempted to come to help you to find the second twenty."

Was his faith, as he passed away, strong enough to foresee the triumph of the Gospel within the next few years which has called forth the praises of Christendom?

MACKAY OF UGANDA Those fourteen years of Mackay's career witnessed many events of deepest interest. Let the brief course of one noble missionary and dear friend be mentioned. We will imagine that it is the 2 I st of November, 1881. The individual whose memories, boyish and adult, are being drawn upon for this article, is speaking at a missionary meeting on the south coast of England. The day is cold; the meeting is cold. Little impression seems to be made. The speaker, and a colleague with him, return to London with the disappointing feeling that neither of them succeeded in touching the hearts of the audience. But, unknown to them, one of their hearers has that day, through their addresses, received God's irresistible call to Africa. His name is James Hannington. Presently he goes forth, leaving wife and children behind him. But desperate sickness brings him to the point of death, and he is sent back to England. His first act on arriving is to go to the doctors, and ask,

"When may I go out again?" Their reply is, "Never." Yet presently he goes; and this time he goes as Bishop, consecrated and commissioned by the Archbishop of Canterbury. The speaker at that chilling meet- ing, who has meanwhile become his intimate friend, and who has learned to admire his noble character, sees him off by the mail steamer. He lands in East Africa, and after many weary months of marching, he reaches the frontier of Uganda. But there, by order of the cruel king, he is barbarously murdered. In due course his life is written by an old friend; and the book, revealing one of the most delightful personalities in all missiona'ry history, speedily becomes the most popular biography of the day. But imagine the astonishment of that speaker already re- ferred to, when he finds in it an entry from Hannington's diary, re- vealing the fact of his having received his decisive call at that cold meeting!

Here let me parenthetically notice a group of later events, which dramatically wind up the story of James Hannington. A few years after his death, and after Mackay's death, Uganda became a British Protectorate, the barbarous King Mwanga accepting the position of a feudatory chief. But afterwards, seeing a chance of getting rid of the English intruders, he headed a revolt. It was quickly suppressed, and M wanga was banished to the Seychelles Islands. There he studied the Bible, became apparently a sincere believer, was baptized, and died a Christian. The chief who by his orders had actually put Hannington to death, did not accept Christ, but became friendly to the Mission; and his son was baptized in 1906, Baptized by whom? By the Rev. J. E.

M. Hannington, eldest son of the murdered Bishop, who had followed in his father's footsteps, and was avenging that father's death by proclaiming the message of Divine Mercy to the people of Uganda.

But let us revert to the date of Mackay's death, 1890. Before the news that his course was finished reached England, a new party was being made up to reinforce the Mission. One member of that party was George Pilkington, the first-class Cambridge student, who in a few years gave the people of Uganda almost the whole Bible in their own language. But the men were young, and it was desired to find a man of some experience to be the leader of the band. I had met an able young' clergyman who had remarkable influence with boys and lads, and at my suggestion he was sounded on the subject; but he could not recognize a Divine call in the matter. He was right, for God's work for him proved to be quite different. He did presently come to see that he really was called to Africa, but to the West instead of the East; he eventually became Bishop of Sierra Leone; he is now Chaplain-General of the British Army, Bishop Taylor Smith. But just at the time when he was being sounded about Uganda, I received a letter from another clergyman whom I had met in the North of England, named Alfred R. Tucker, asking my personal opinion as to any opening for him in Africa, before he made a formal offer to the Society. He was a notable man in more

RECOLLECTIONS OF MISSIONARY INCIDENTS

ways than one. He had been a painter before entering the ministry, and his pictures had appeared in the Royal Academy Exhibition; and he was a great athlete, having once accomplished the biggest walk ever taken in our Lake District of Cumberland (64 miles in 24 hours, including four mountain ascents). I showed his letter to my colleagues, and we agreed that this was the man to "boss" the new party. But the party had already sailed, without a leader, and he would have to hurry after them. Then arose another question: Could he not be the Bishop, succeeding Hannington and Parker ? Yes, said the Archbishop of Canterbury (Dr. Benson) ; and so we come to April 24th, 1890, and we are in the church adjoining Lambeth Palace, the Archbishop's residence, for the consecration of Bishop Tucker. The solemn service over, he says his last hasty good-bye, and that same evening starts for East Africa. He .catches up to the party, and together they take the long march of 800 miles to Uganda-for there was no railway then.

Pass over twenty-four years, and come to the 15th of June, 1914. Bishop Tucker has retired, having seen the handful of converts in Mackay's time grow into a great Church of over 100,000 baptized Christians, without reckoning a still larger part of the population under Christian instruction; and the whole country a peaceful and prosperous British Protectorate. He has then thrown himself vigorously into the Church's service at home, and has been appointed by the Archbishops of Canterbury and York to be a member of the Anglican Committee on Faith' and Order, formed at the request of the Bishops of the sister Church in the United States. A united Conference of that Committee and of representatives of the various Free Churches is to be held on this 15th of June in the historic "Jerusalem Chamber," close to Westminster Abbey, and Bishop Tucker goes to attend it. Thither also, for the same purpose, goes that old member of the C. M. S., whose experi ences in boyhood and afterwards have been referred to above. As the latter approaches the ancient building, he sees to his horror, just outside the door, his old friend in a state of collapse; and within an hour or two Bishop Tucker has passed into the eternal world. He has died on the threshold of an honest effort, in which his whole heart was engaged, to promote the unity of Christendom.

There is no cure for pessimism like the study of history. As the 78th Psalm reminds us, we are to "tell to the generation to come the praises of the Lord," "and His wondrous works that He hath done." But why? With what object? "That they might set their hope in God, and not forget the works of God, but keep His commandments." Memory is to be cultivated; hope will then be stimulated; and obedience, loving and loyal, will ensu~. And if we may say this of the history of past ages, how much more of recent history, told by eye-witnesses and sharers in the actual events! Small incidents may be the forerunners, indeed the progenitors, of far greater events-to the praise of Him who worketh all things after the counsel of His own will.

MATERIAL TN BRITISH CENTRAL

Some l'gol1i warriors preparing to kill th eir fellow men MAKI:'<G OVER RAW MATERIAL IN l1RITlSII CENTRAL AFRICA Students at the Livingston ia .Mission preparing to teach their fel10w men

Experiences Among the

BY REV. DONALD FRASER. LOUDON, NYASALAND, B. C. A.

Missionary of the U ni ted Free Church of Scotland T HE Loangwa Valley, in British Central Africa, seems to epitomize all the moods and phases of the pioneer missionary's work. Here I have seen times of gross darkness, unbroken by any light, times of crude and eager response, when the wonder of the Gospel broke upon the people, times of soul-moving evidences of the triumph, times of sore reaction, when stern rebukes and warnings were one's constant message. This is a land where no European can live and work, so the Gospel has' been brought to them by native Christians. Every force that fights against the Kingdom seems to be let loose in turn. Now it is ignorance and a craven timidity. Now it is the climate, or drought, or sore famine. Now it is a sudden inrush of wealth, now the tsetse fly and sleeping sickness, and last the outbreak of those sensual powers of hell which are ever smouldering under the strong animal passions of the African.

Eighteen years ago I came to them for the first time with the message of Peace. Then they were huddled and crowded in stockaded villages, hidden in filthy thorn-tree thickets. The Wemba had raided them from the west. In the villages there were men whose fingers and toes had been cut off by those cruel warriors. The Ngoni had swept through the land every year coming from the east. So now they were a poor craven folk, whose spirit had died out in those smelling hot villages over which the dread of a hostile force was always hanging. My carriers were N goni, for the Gospel had already triumphed over their war-spirit, and they came with me on this errand of Peace. As we approached the stockades, the heads of the raiders who had been slain in former attacks were grinning at us from the tops of poles. We spent a day or two in each village telling the Senga they had no need to fear the Ngoni, for Christ had triumphed over them, and the same Stronghold was for them. It was hard to speak when one knew that scarcely a word was understood, and even the N goni teacher who repeated my message in a language more intelligible to their ears, spoke to those who had ears but could not hear. At first my appearance was terrible to the natives, and a sudden movement of the white man produced a panic. But gradually some sense that we had a great message for them broke strongly on them. Before we left a stockade we were assailed with requests for schools.

A 'month or two later there followed a great Convention in N goniland, when we told the little church there what we had seen, and called for volunteer missionaries. A dozen of our best teachers offered, and with them three or four schools were opened in the chief villages. Year by year my fellow missionaries or I went down to the valley to superintend the work of the teachers, and there we saw the gradual coming of the dawn and a new day.

Then came the visit when the first Senga were baptized, and a little church was formed. The people with a new confidence had moved out of their stockades, and were living in open villages, for the fear of the enemy had disappeared. The schools were crowded with eager pupils, men and women, boys and girls, who were pressing towards the light. There we saw mothers who had known the long years of dark terror and ignorance, now sitting with babies on their backs, with their primers, trying to master the mystery of reading. In every village there were large classes of enquirers, and the Ngoni teachers were full of zeal and hope. Rinderpest had swept off the game, and the tsetse fly had disappeared. Now the N goni masters opened friendship by sending down cattle to each headman to keep for him. . In a few years we saw these once poor villages well stocked with cattle, sheep, and goats. What a land it is for cattle when no tsetse are there! How the stock increased and the evidences of new prosperity were everywhere! Year by year knowledge grew more and more. Some of the brighter Senga lads were trained to be teachers, and soon each N goni had a Senga monitor under him, helping him in his work, teaching him the way to God and the mysteries revealed in Christ.

The Rhodesian Government had now begun to administer the land, and to open up ways to new undreamed·of wealth. Crowds of lads who had scarcely ventured beyond the village stockade in former days, made journeys to the mines in the south. Many died there, for they had not the physique to stand the long journey, and the rigor of the climate in the mining highlands. Others returned with gold in their pockets, and wearing cast off European clothing and ungainly boots. T have seen the day when the congregation was dressed chiefly in oil and a few inches of homespun cloth. But now the little native looms are neglected, and while startling costumes are seen on a Sunday every person in the church is clothed in some degree of respectability. But new riches were stealing their hearts. Some lads thought that those garments, and the pleasures that money could buy, were the real things. Spiritual things were less valued, and the message of the Kingdom of God seemed too visionary. The cases of discipline in the classes and church became alarmingly frequent, and the schools were less crowded by the old and young.

The tsetse fly reappeared, and rapidly spread with the increase of game. The cattle died, and goats, sheep and dogs faded away, until not a domestic animal could be found in all the villages. Soon sleeping sickness followed, not in a severe form, but here and there isolated cases. The Government took precautions, isolated all infected persons and closed the border between N goniland arid the Loangwa Valley.

This was a severe check to our work, for we could no longer send senior and responsible N goni to help the Senga. They must now rely on themselves. Happily I was able to reorganize the schools, which now numbered about thirty, and place them under charge of local teach-

EXPERIENCES AMONG THE SENGA

O:"llE OF THE EVILS OF AFRICA Professional dancers preparing for a dance. Tbese dances arouse all the passions of the African and greatly hinder Christian growt h, ers. I did this with misgivings, for these lads were poorly taught and feeble in authority beyond most folk. The Government gave missionaries special permission to travel in the sleeping sickness area and to visit the schools. Thus we were able to continue our work of supervision, but our visits were paid at long intervals, and meanwhile the people were cut off from communication with us.

We knew that this condition of affairs must soon lead to confusion. A European was sent from hom~ to care for these Senga. But before he reached them he was invalided home. This was our second attempt to give the people a missionary of their own. The first endeavor ended with the death of Mrs. Boxer after a few months' residence. The poor folk grew dispirited. For years they had waited for their missionary, but just when they seemed to have him, he eluded them. The feeble Senga teachers felt their own incapacity more and more every year, and everything was going wrong.

A TYPICAL ~CENE 11 CENTRAL AFRICA-A WOMAN POTTER AT WORK TRANSFORMATIONS IN <;E.'.rTRAL AFRICA Last year, during a hurried visit to the schools, I found that everywhere an abominable dance, called Tiya, had taken possession of the valley. It is loathsome beyond words. Yet the elder men and women danced it, and the children loved it. No more horrible exhibition of the essential lewdness of public morals could be found than this dance. Yet night by night the villagers gloried in it, and some of the chiefs led it. I denounced it in the strongest terms, and demanded that it should cease. Noone could defend the sport. Village head-men declared that it led constantly to dreadful evil. Some of them took strong measures after my visit, and smashed the drums that beat for the dance, and dared anyone in the ir villages to start it.

This year I have again been among these Senga. I write this on my way home after a five weeks' journey, during which we have travelled between four and five hundred miles among their villages. Never have I had a sadder tour, and vet it has been full of thankfulness, for aU the time we knew that we w~re leaving things better than we found them, and we were conscious of a following stream of prayer, poured out by the Ngoni Christians, all along our way. Nothing else could account for the authority that crumbled up each new force opposing.

What shall I say of the schools? Day after day we came to mere shadows of what were once good and useful schools. In some cases the pupils were reduced from fifty or sixty to two or three . In village after village the school had lost all evangelistic power, and not a single enquirer was to be found on the rolls. The old enrollments had been blotted out, for the enquirers had returned to drunkenness and polygamy. The teachers had lost courage and hope.

At three centres I celebrated the sacraments. Let me speak of SPIRIT HUTS WHERE THE HEATHEN AFRI CANS WORSlIIP THEIR ANCESTORS one. As I sat in my hut after arrival the young chief came in to greet me. He had once been a teacher, but since he had succeeded to the chieftainship he had renounced his Christian profession. He had ell- tered deep Iy into polygamy, and, like most African chiefs, was a drunk- ard. I had no message of peace for him. Before his head-man I de- nounced him and his wilful denial of Christ. He sat ashamed, saying little. I told him he had to answer not only for himself, but for all those who were led astray by his example. At the Sunday celebration of Holy Communion, I thought with a sad heart of those who should be there and were not. Then I looked on the seventy men and women who were partaking with us, and I praised God for those who had not defiled their garments. .

The next day as I was tramping through the long forest reaches in a blazing sun, the young chief came out from his village to meet me, and to lead me on my way for two or three miles. As he walked ahead I said, "C–, it was hard to speak to you as I did on Friday. Yau once did me a great kindness which I can never forget. The only return I can make to you is to speak the truth ."

"Ah, sir," he said, "your words have stabbed me. I have no peace, and I know I am on the way to death."

"Why not follow the Light?" I asked. "I must. I cannot go on as I am." Then he told me that he was coming to our Convention at Loudon a month later, a hundred miles away, and there he hoped to make the great renunciation. When I left him the whole forest was full of light and shadow, too. I tramped the remaining miles with a song in my heart. Eight or nine of the schools had fallen so low that I closed them after inspection. Calling the people together, I told them that I had given them the Gospel, and they had despised it. N ow I was taking their lamp from them, and I would carry it to others who would value its light. So we went forth with disappointed hopes, but in each case I was followed to the next village by chief and people, praying me to reo store the school, and not to leave them alone. I told them that they had despised the gift that had been sent to them, and I could not grant what they asked. The world was full of need. Others would be glad to have what they did not value. They begged and begged, and in each case I yielded when they showed their earnestness by bringing the school fees for the past session, promising to send every child to school, and never again to allow the Tiya dance in their villages. In one case we sat and argued for five hours, I resisting, and the people pleading. In the end we found that we had not been able to close a single school, but we had left the people with a new seriousness, and sense of their responsibility to the message that was among them. At the same time it was evident that the Senga teachers were no longer fit to be left alone. Some way must be found to send senior men with authority; God will find for us also a European missionary, after His own heart, who will shepherd these poor folk. The last morning I was in the Senga villages I found a curious example of their docility to our authority. We were preparing to start at dawn on our journey. As my carriers were tying up their bundles, I strolled through the village to see what was the meaning of the fires that had'been kept up all night, and the perpetual chatter of women. I found that they were brewing beer for a great drunken bout. About one hundred gallons were in their beer-pots, and I could imagine the orgy that would demoralize the people a week hence. So I went round the various fires and spoke to the women about the devil they were raising, and urged them to pour out the beer and save themselves from the drunkenness and resulting crime that would be sure to arise when once the beer had fermented. Then I returned and had prayers with my men before we started on our long journey. As they took up their loads I walked round the fires again, and found every beer-pot empty. One hundred gallons of beer had been poured out on the sand by the women who were preparing it. So we started out for the hills feeling that it had been worth while making this long journey through the valley, and that God had not withdrawn Himself from this sad folk. Pray for the poor people of the Senga villages.

Impressions of Asia*

The Report of a Pastor 011 His Yisit to the 1] issionary Fields BY THE HEV. HENltY SLOANE COFFIX, D.D.

Pastor of the Madison Av('nue Presbyterian Church, New York A s one result of my recent trip to China, Japan and Korea three gatherings of native Christians stand out in my memory. One was on the first Sunday in July, an exceedingly hot Sunday, when I was asked to preach at the Fujimichi Church, in Tokyo, and to administer the Lord's Supper. As I went there through the sweltering streets I thought that there would be a very small congregation, as one might expect in New York City on a hot day. I found the church filled with between six hundred and eight hundred people. But the numbers were not as impressive as were the men who came forward as elders and deacons to administer the Lord's Supper. After the service I learned that among these men were two members of the House of Peers, a Judge of one of the superior courts of the Empire, a Vice-Mayor of the City of Tokyo and a Professor in the Japanese Imperial University. The others were eminent merchants and citizens in the city. I wondered whether one could find many an American church that had as many important interests represented in it as were represented by the elders of the church in Tokyo.

The church impressed me for two reasons. Each new communicant was placed under the supervision of some mature Christian so that it was very rare for them to lose one who had once made a public confession of faith in Jesus Christ.

Immediately after that morning service the elders and deacons and a few other men gathered for a prayer meeting. It was their custom to set aside every Sunday afternoon for personal work, and after prayer they went out to speak of Christ to one or more in the circle of their acquaintances and friends.

A second gathering of Christians that stands out in my memory was in the interior of China, eight hundred miles from the coast, at Changsha. Only about fourteen years ago two missionaries were murdered in the province of Hunan; and only fifteen years ago the first missionary was smuggled into the city of Changsha. It had been a very conservative city and very hostile to foreigners. I arrived on a very hot Thursday afternoon, having come to preach the dedication sermon in connection with the opening of the chapel in the Yale Mission in China. Afterwards the Christians in the various churches asked me to meet with them, and with only twenty-four hours' notice, they sent word through the Christian circles of that city of Changsha, and on an afternoon with the thermometer at 98, I faced an audience of between six * An Address at the Sixth Annual Dinner Arranged by the ",fissionary Education Movement January 8th, 1917, Hotel Astor, New York City.

and seven hundred. The first Christian was baptized in Changsha less than ten years ago. To-day there are probably more than two thousand profes~ed Christians in the churches of the various missions in that city.

The third great audience was in the city of Pyeng Yang, Northern Korea. It was at a Wednesday evening prayer meeting. In New York City prayer meetings are usually the irreducible minimum of saints. In Pyeng Yang there were eight congregations holding prayer meetings that Wednesday evening. I went to a number, as many as they could get me to in an hour and I did not see one with less than five hundred people; and in the Central Church I sat on the platform and counted until I reached more than twelve hundred-Koreans sit tight, you know -and then I lost count.

These three gatherings-and I could name many more-show what a strong body the Christian Church has already become in those lands that are so often classified as heathen.

The second impression is one borne in upon me again and again of the unique opportunity for the United States of America in the Far East. vVhat a singular thing the republican movement is in China when you stop to analyze it! Here is a nation about as fit for a government of the people, for the people and by the people as a nursery is fit for a government of infants, for infants, and by infants. They have nothing in the way of republicanism that really can be labeled as such, but in the backs of millions of Chinese heads is the republican ideal and it is there so firmly fixed that even the suspicion that their republicanism was being done away with by the late Yuan Shi Kai meant the downfall of his regime. That is one of the most remarkable facts of contemporary history. In an interview with the President of the Chinese Republic, he said to me, "Our Republic is the baby brother of your great American Republic, and remember that all baby brothers have to be taught to walk," and speaking of the prestige of our land in China, he said, "You have sent us your best, your physicians, your teachers, and your preachers; they are your best. We recognize them and you cannot send us too many of them."

In Japan one of the leading statesmen of that Empire, speaking of the present woeful condition of the world, said, "I do hope that your country will do nothing to shatter our confidence in her. America is to us the idealist among the nations." America is to us the idealist among the nations!! As a land we must see to it that we do not bow down to those same gods of force that have brought destruction and bloodshed to them who have put their trust in them.

The third impression is a very painful impression. It is the impression of the peril that our Western civilization is to those great Eastern lands. Sometimes I wonder whether we Anglo-Saxons can ever be used of God as representatives of Him who emptied Himself and took upon Him the form of a serva1t. Anglo-Saxons in the East are always

IMPRESSIONS OF

served by the Oriental and are not the servants of the Oriental. In the beautiful park in the Foreign Concession in Shanghai you may see upon the same sign at the entrance two warnings: "No dogs allowed" and liN a Chinese allowed." vVould you like that in America?

My blood boiled at something I saw when we came down to Hankow on the Peking and Hankow Railway. As we got off the train there was a foreigner ahead of me who got into a rickshaw and said to the coolie, I imagine, "Turn to the right," and apparently the coolie did not quite understand, and turned to the left. The foreigner picked up his stick and struck that coolie over the head in the most brutal fashion. He would not have treated a horse in that manner in this country. These men are representatives, in the eyes of the Chinese, of Him who made Himself of no reputation and took on Him the form of a servant.

Then there are the perils of our competitive industrial order. In a beautiful little town on the borders of a lake in Japan I came upon a huge stockade, and said: "I suppose this is your prison?"

"N0," my guide replied, "this is one of our factories."

"Why have they that big stockade there?" "To keep the operatives from getting out." They are little girls -thirteen to sixteen years of age, who are practically sold to the management of that concern by their parents. These operatives are worked seven days in the week, twelve to fourteen hours a day. They are never let out. They are fed there, they sleep there, and they are worked there until literally there is no more work in them. Then I was told that a large proportion of them are sold into lives of shame. That is what happens to non-union labor. People are dying for jobs and, of course, you cannot organize labor when it is so cheap. Labor that is not organized cannot defend itself and the result is that labor is exploited. The factories in Chinese cities are run seven days in the week, twelve hours a day on the day shift and twelve hours a night on the night shift. And I was told that the dividends paid by those factories were as high as forty-eight and fifty per cent. on stock owned for the most part by nominal Christian white men. That is the impact of Vestern competitive un-Christian industrialism on the Far East. I came home saying to myself that the most imperative message that I could carry from the East is the message of consecration to the duties of the Church at home. We have no right to carry a Christianity to the Far East that does not seem to work here. What is more, those people are coming over to America as students and visitors and they see what conditions are here. One of the tragedies in the history of missions was when King Kalakaua of Hawaii made a journey around the world and made up his mind that Christianity was being given up in the countries that had had it for a long time. Another thing: we have been flattering ourselves that church unity is taking place on the foreign field; and it is, to a certain and surprising degree. I was very thankful to see such splendid union educational in-

stitutions as the Nanking University, the Shantung Christian University at Tsinanfu and the new University in Peking. It was good to see how statesmanlike leaders had brought together so many Christian forces; and yet is it right to place upon the backs of heavily burdened foreign missionaries the duty of church unity if we are not prepared to face it at home? When we stop to think of the numberless problems with which these missionaries are confronted, I for one am unwilling to place upon their shoulders any additional burden, of all things, a burden that we ought to be carrying for them. We could make a great many amalgamations here; many of them may be, in a very few years, if we set ourselves to it, amalgamating those communions that already recognize each other's churchmanship and each other's ministry.

While in Asia I had several conversations with Oriental Christians that profoundly moved me. One in particular stands out most clearly. It occurred in the heart of .the Forbidden City, in Peking. A private secretary of the President, who had been a confidential advisor to the late Yuan Shi Kai, was taking us about and showing us the sights. He became somewhat confidential and opened up his heart about the deeper things. As we stood out there looking over one of those lovely lakes, he said, "I read our own sacred books and ask myself, what is the difference between them and Christianity? So far as I can see our great teachers and Jesus Christ all urged men to about the same kind of goodness. They all commend about the same virtues; they all hold up the same ideals; but it seems to me that there is this difference-Clwistianity has the power to create a more delicate conscience."

To me that was a most discriminating remark. "Christianity has the power to create a more delicate conscience." Shall not we of the Church of Christ in America see that a more delicate conscience is applied in our own industrial order, in our political life, in our international relations? Then we may go out with more boldness, with more sincerity, to those lands that lie afar to commend Him who is Lord and Saviour of conscience, that He may create in them also that which we prize as our most precious heritage.

A GLIMPSE OF THE FUTURE.

I covet the gift of a sanctified imagination which can look down long highways into distant futurity. For instance, when an apostle like Paul walks into imperial Rome, utterly unheeded and ignored, I would like the power of being able to foresee some of the amazing possibilities of that lonely entrance. When James Gilmore crosses the frontier into Mongolia, and sets his single plow to the upturning of the soil of that mighty land, I would have the eye that can see coming harvests, vast reaches on waving corn, shining ripe before the face of the Lord. When the New Testament is translated into a new language I would have the power of seeing the tremendous influence of the modest Book, the light it will bring, and the warmth, and the moving air, and the genial liberty. – Dr. ]. H. Jowett.

Value of Missionary Motion Pictures·

BY THE REV. SUMNmt R. VINTON. NEW YORK The use of motion pictures not only for amusement but also for education and inspiration has made marked progress in schools and in recruiting for the army and navy. Mr. Vinton, who was formerly a missionary in Burma, is now having remarkable success in the use of Afissionary M ation Pictures.-EDITOR.

T HIS is preeminently the picture age. Most of us have "visual memories." The thing we see makes more definite, more accu- rate and more lasting impression than that which we only hear. Moreover, it would seem as if the visual centers in the brain must be very closely geared up with the centers of will for we act far more quickly and generously to supply a need that we see than in a case that we merely hear about.

Most of us are exceedingly provincial; we know only the things that most closely concern us, the things we see and associate with day by day. The newspapers recognize this and play up most prominently the news closest at hand. In ou; campaign of missionary education we cannot follow that policy but must overcome provincialism and create an interest in the needs of people far away. To accomplish this object, pictures are an essential-all kinds of pictures-pictures for illustration in our magazine-lantern slides to be projected on the screen -and most of all, moving pictures. The moving picture, above all else, excels in realism, and it is realism that we need. Hottentot and Punjabi, Battak and Karen, Tamil and Telegu, Hindu, Buddhist, Mohammedan and Confucianist-these are all names, mere words to the average church member in America. Good slides, clear in detail, accurate and artistic in coloring, will do much to make them real, but, even so, they are not alive; they might be so many statues, they might be from some other age or sphere, but let them move and then you have the real thing-all but the heat and sounds,-( and smells!).

A missionary, who had used moving pictures to illustrate his talk, returned to a church for a second lecture on Burma. The pastor asked if on the occasion of the first lecture a certain scene had been shown in moving pictures. On being told that it had been shown, he said-"Well, you have certainly got me mixed up. Two years ago I spent six weeks in Burma, but as I recall scenes from Burma I cannot always be sure whether it is something I actually saw on that visit or something that I saw in your moving pictures."

Does the "Heathen in his blindness" really "bow down to wood and stone"-gods they have made with their own hands? Put the idol maker at his work on the screen and then the throngs at their worship on the platform of the Shwe Dagon pagoda in Rangoon. They will realize then what idolatry is,-the absurdity of it, the folly of it and they will come to realize the depressing, awful fact of idolatry.

Are the missionaries actually accom- plishing anything? Show the ordinary heathen village and its peoples and then the orderly procession of school boys and girls coming from a mission school.

Are converts being won? Let the audi- ence at home see the baptism of converts. "I have seen a baptism in Burma," wrote a pastor. "After this, every account I read of additions to the Church will have new significance." After seeing the same baptism in moving pictures, a young man in McMinnville, Oregon, came to a Sun- day-school teacher, saying, "I'll not hold back any longer; if those heathen people know a good thing when they see it and accept, I'll not hold back, I'll come out and be a Christian." At San Jose, California, a boy stole over to his pastor,put his hand in his while the picture was still on the screen and said, "Pastor, I want to be bap- tized. I, too, love Jesus." The realism of the moving picture is beyond question. We ought to take advantage of it in our work of missionary education.

THEIR PUBLICITY VALUE We need to realize not only the realism of moving pictures, but their publicitv value as well. The moving pictures ad- vertise well. They draw better than just the plain slides. There are faithful souls in every church who are so interested in the great world-wide program that all that is necessary is to announce a missionary speaker and they will come through wind and rain to hear the message.

Thank God for them r The missionary cause would languish without them. But what of the person who is not interested, the Christian without a vision? (Are the terms compatible?) The crux of every problem of missionary education is to find a point of contact with the person who is not now interested. Facts will interest, COMING FROM A MISSION ,?CHQO!,.

VALUE OF MISSIONARY MOTION PICTURES 43

but how teach people the facts? How can we induce people to read the missionary magazines? A missionary address will stir them, but how persuade them to attend and listen? A missionary study class is fine, but how get them to enroll? "Travelogue illustrated with moving pictures" – that announcement will bring many an individual who would not respond to an announcement that a missionary from India will speak. If the use of motion pictures is sugar-coating the pill, we must remember that we are commanded to go out into the highways and hedges and "compel" men to come in. Surely the use of a little sugar will do no harm!

A woman of wealth was visiting a friend. A strong interdenominational mission study class was to close that afternoon with an illustrated lecture. Her friend asked her to attend, but she was not interested in missions. She gave something but that was because she felt she must have some part in every phase of the Church's work. (The East would say that she gave to save her face.) Her friend urged that there would be some beautiful pictures. No, she did not care to go.

"But," said her friend, "there will be some intensely interesting moving pictures from India, showing the games of the children. the travel methods. etc."

"Oh," she said, "in that case, I will go. I am intensely fond of the movies."

She went. One of the pictures showed a procession of the eighteen hundred widows of the Ramabai Home for Widows. Ramabai herself appeared amid little children of kindergarten age. That woman had heard many times about the widows of India, but it never meant much to her. N ow she realized what she had simply heard about before. She thanked her friend for insisting that she go. Her own church had no work in India but she sent A BAPTISM IN BURMA

a substantial check for the work among widows. There have been many such instances. If the Church had been more alive to the value of the movies, there would have been far more.

SOME DIFFICULTIES The actual use of moving pictures in a church offers at present a great many difficulties. To begin with, the state, municipal and insu r ance regulations are such that a fireproof booth is necessary. The cost of a standard machine and booth is well-nigh prohibitive for most churches. The only machine concern- ing the use of which there are no re- strictions, is the Pathescope. This is exempted because it uses a non-inflam- mable film of special size and perfora- tion. A good library of travel films is available for use with this machine but nothing distinctively missionary, unless one has access to privately owned mis- sionary moving picture film negatives which can be reduced in printing and made available. This has been done successfully in a number of cases.

An even greater difficulty than the fact of expense for installation, is the inadequate supply of good distinctively missionary films. There can hardly be said to be any supply at all. Some of the British missionary boards have made notable and successful use of moving pictures but their films are not available in America. The Canadian Methodist Board has pioneered in this field and has some fine films that are in constant use. But customs regula- tions make it impracticable to use them in the United States. The American Baptist Foreign Missionary Society has one reel of its work in China. The Laymen's Missionary Movement of the Southern Presbyterian Church took a large amount of moving picture films AN IDOL M.KER AT WORK

VALUE OF l1ISSI Cl NARY JWTlON PICTURES

in China, Korea and Japan, including some which by special arrangement they took for the Southern Baptists and for the Christian denomination. Dr. Worley, of Japan, has recently taken about 3000 feet in the Philippines, China, Korea and Japan for the Missionary Education Movement. But the total amount of distinctively missionary films is woefully and ridiculously inadequate. Many a manufacturing firm gives its salesmen more film to illustrate the various processes in manufacturing some of its products than all the missionary films put together.

Many travel films are available through the Educational Departments of the regular film companies, into which it is possible to read a missionary message. It is seldom, however, that a reel of such film does not contain something undesirable. The average reel on India has a disproportionate amount of Nautch dances. And there a re few films of Japan that do not have a good deal of the dancing of the Geisha girls. For use at the Laymen's Conference in Washington in April, 1916, I had fifteen hundred feet of my own films of Buddhist lands that fitted into the progqm, but to show an additional twentyfive hundred feet of film to present religious conditions in other lands 1 was obliged to rent over ten thousand feet from dealers in N ew York, Chicago, and Madison, Wisconsin. Even then much that was usable illustrated my theme in only an accommodated sense. No wonder pastors hesitate to invest large sums of money for a motion picture equipment for their churches. And yet the situation is not hopeless.

The day is coming when the present cumbersome fire regulations will be modified if not entirely removed. Electrical science is making such rapid progress that it is well-nigh impossible to keep track of it. From the old carbon incandescent to STARTING ON A MISSIONARY TOUR

the gas-filled Mazdas of today is more than a series of steps, it's an express elevator to the fortieth story and there is more to come. Already the prediction is made by men in close touch with the situation that it will not be many months before arc lamps will be discarded in projection work. Already a special type of the gas-filled Mazda has been produced which makes possible the projection of lantern slides up to twenty feet in diameter. The prediction is made that it will not be long before the regular motion picture houses will be using such a light. As this light generates less heat than the high-powered arc, the fire risk is lessened. At the same time progress has been made in the direction of the so-called non-inflammable film. Slow burning describes it more accurately, for it will burn if placed in a direct blaze. In the intense heat of the focussed rays of even a high-powered are, however, it will not burst into flame but will only blister .and bubble. There can be no question but that the development along these two lines is going to bring relief. Moreover these developments are certain to lead to the perfection of a type of machine less heavy and less expensive than present types of motion picture projectors but thoroughly adapted to church use. The full development may not come this year, nor even next year, but it is certainly coming. A number of firms are working on the problem of the small moving picture machine. Some of them are remarkably good already. Some of the firms are making very strong claims to exemption from the regular fire and insurance regulations. As far as the fire regulations are concerned, it is true that already the N ational Board of Underwriters has decided that non-inflammable film may be projected without the use of a booth, provided the current consumption is not over 650 watts. City and State regulations, however, have not recognized this rule of the Underwriters. Numerous experiments are being tried, however, in the production of standard size films, printed on non-inflammable stock, which through the use of some special perforation will be exempted by City and State authorities. The details involved in this plan are far too technical and as yet far too indefinite to be treated fully here. There can be no room for doubt, however, but that the day is coming when present restrictions will at least be modified if not removed and when moving pictures will come to be quite as common as slides are today. Missionary boards should realize this and should get ready to supply the coming demand for good moving pictures illustrating missions.

There can be no question but that the mere entertainment phase of the motion picture business is already at, if not past, the crest. The day of the educational film is at hand. Already several of the leading producers have pooled their interests in this phase of motion picture production. They have in mind especially the school field but are not unaware of the possibilities of the church field. Some of them are sending their camera men abroad with definite instructions to visit certain mission stations and get pictures. We must, however, recognize this fact-

VALUE OF MISSIONARY MOTION PICTURES

we will never get the right kind of moving pictures of missionary work until the taking of the pictures is done under the control and direction of mission boards. A moving picture camera man looks at things from a different viewpoint than do we. It may indeed be true that it would be well for us to get more of his viewpoint. The fact remains, however, that for our purposes he needs to get ours but is not very likely to do so. The work will never be rightly done until we have men who possess not only the necessary technical skill but also a thorough-going sympathy with the fundamental object of the whole mjssionary enterprise.

There should be co-operation between the boards in having the necessary pictures taken. Many pictures from a given area could well be used by all. Special pictures could be taken for each denomination, showing in detail the work of that denomination. It would mean a large initial outlay. It is doubtful whether this first cost could be repaid from rentals. It could not be done until with the removal of the present restrictions the number of church-owned machines is very greatly increased; but it is well worth the doing.

In addition to showing actual scenes of present-day missionary work, moving pictures present great possibilities along three other lines. Trick films and animated cartoons are today commonplace. They have wonderful possibilities for the presenting of missionary facts in an interesting and striking way that once seen could never be forgotten. A scenario was prepared last year representing in about 1,000 feet of film the whole history of missionary effort. One of the leading producers of trick films has passed upon this scenario as thoroughly feasible.

Another field would be the working out of fiction scenarios which would tell missionary stories. Why could not "The Lady of the Decoration" or "The Little Green God" be worked out in scenario form? Give direction to the quickened imagination of a picture-mad age.

Yet another great range of possibility would be the reproduction of great scenes in connection with the history of missions. There have been many incidents full of human interest, full of dramatic possibilities which could be re-enacted and made to live through motion pictures. William Carey, the consecrated cobbler and his experiences in India; the haystack group at Williams College; Adoniram Judson and his heroic wife and companions starting out from America, their varied experiences as they severally began work in different parts of India and Burma, the awful experiences of Judson in prison at Ava and Aungbinle; the Moffats and David Livingstone in Africa-it is not necessary to extend the list further. All the great heroes of the Cross can be made to live again. It would not be an easy thing to do it right. It would be an exceedingly expensive thing. It would be necessary to have very careful supervision by those deeply interested in the Cause, to make sure that the reproduction of these things reproduced the spirit of it all correctly. It would be difficult, it would be expensive, but it is not impossible and it would be well worth the doing.

A CIIRISTIAN VILLAGE COMMUNITY IN NORTH

The~(' were formerly spirit worshippers-Now they arc Christians-They are a village of converted horse and cattle thieves

Worship Among the

BY THE ItE,. J. L. HAHTZELL, LAMPANG SIAM Missionary of til<' Pr('shyl<-riall ehllt"{·h. IT. S. A.

DEMONOLATRY or spirit worship is a marked characteristic of the Tai people as it is of other primitive races. The Siamese have come into contact with foreigners and the outside world more than their Laos relatives in the North and so have gotten rid of their superstitions to some extent. Siamese of the higher class are ashamed of the superstitions of their people, and some declare that their people as a whole do not believe in or worship spirits. This statement does not agree with the writer's experience. Among the Laos I have never met any who do not believe in the reality of spirits. Most Christians believe that the God they worship is able to protect them from this and all other forms of evil, but all believe in the existence of the spirits, and so real are they to these people that some of the missionaries who have lived on intimate terms with the people for a number of years seem to credit the spirits with more than mere subjective reality.

These spirits have to do with every department of a person's life. When the little child is born it is placed at the top of the stairs leading up into the house and the spirits of the former parents are called upon to take the child then or not to trouble the child or the parents in the future. If the child dies from any cause it means that the spirits have claimed it. If the child survives in spite of bad feeling and lack of care, he must all his life take measures to keep the friendship of the good spirits and to appease the evil. Tattooing the body is a favorite practice among the men. Wearing amulets, placing charms over the door of the house, stretching magic strings across and around the house are also favorite practices to propitiate spirits. Their name is legion. Different localities call them by various names and describe them in different ways. Many places have local spirits not known elsewhere. Perhaps the best classification of these spirits is as follows: I. Spirits connected with individuals and those responsible for health and sickness.

II. Spirits connected with the home. III. Spirits of the fields and forests, streams and roads. IV. Spirits of the dead. The first class includes the personal spirits, the chief of which is called Pe Ga. This spirit lives in the individual and is supposed to bring blessing to the possessor, but evil to others. In former times it was customary to buy and sell these spirits. If the owner does not properly care for the spirit it is apt to go wandering off tormenting others, and may even take up its abode with some other person. Sometimes it will speak through the mouth of this person declaring its name to be that of its former owner. This, of course, brings the owner into

bad repute for allowing his spirit to run around bothering people. There are also some, usually old women, who on occasions perform dances during which they receive communications from the spirits which they make known to the people afterwards. Some women are supposed to be able to tell fortunes with the aid of the spirits.

The Laos believe the body to be composed of thirty-two principles or elements, each of which is connected in some way with a spirit. If a person becomes sick it is supposed to be due to the fact that one of these elements has escaped from the body, and measures are taken to coax back the wandering element and to prevent the others from leaving. If all take a notion to go the result is death. A favorite method is to tie the wrists and neck with magic strings, and if that fails the spirit doctor is called in to administer medicines of his own manufacture, to perform incantations. Sometimes he causes the patient much suffering by using a knife or other sharp instrument to locate the trouble. Sudden death of any kind is due to a certain spirit which is very much dreaded. Rheumatism or pain in any part of the body is caused by another, and death by accident or murder or suicide by hanging, by others. Death in childbirth is caused by a very malignant spirit and the husband of a woman so dying must take refuge for a while in the Buddist monastery. Drowning is caused by the spirits of the water seizing the unfortunate person and dragging him under, and no one dare go to the assistance of the drowning person lest the spirits be angered and seize the rescuer also. Those who fall into the water need not expect help from any who are not Christians. The insane, foolish, and epileptics are called Pe Ba from the spirit supposed to inhabit them.

II. The second class of spirits are those connected with the home, and the principal ones are called Pe Ruin or house spirits. A shelf is made inside the house where the spirits are supposed to rest and daily offerings are placed thereon. These are considered benevolent and are diligently cared for by the people of the house. Outside live another kind not so good. At the rice steamer presides a certain spirit and where the women winnow the rice is another. Those around the monasteries are cared for by the Buddhist priests, while around deserted temples live very malicious spirits of which people are much afraid.

III. In the third class the spirits are connected with fields and forests, streams and roads. These Laos people believe that all vegetation and every spring that wells up from the ground, comes up because of spirits. Main roads are inhabited by spirits, and the rice fields are full of them. Charms made of bamboo are set up in the growing rice to protect the crop. Sometimes certain fields come into the possession of evil spirits and the owners are afraid to work there. Christians are often able to obtain such fields at a very low price, or even for nothing. One of our country churches took over such a rice field and the crop each year now helps to support the church.

There are places where cattle eat the earth because of the presence

WORSHIP AMONG THE LAOS

of some saline substance and such places are supposed to be inhabited by a sl?i~it. In the. forest and jungle live a great variety of spirits. The SPlflt Pe N yak IS much feared. Its abode is hard to find, for some say it lives in the jungle and others that it is a great dragon living in the sea. The enemies of Christianity have circulated a story that the miss~onaries are in league with this spirit and some time will give all ChristIans to the Nyak to eat. Thousands believe this and refuse to have WOMEN SPIRIT DANCERS IN NORTH SIAM In yard in Chiengmai trying to appease the spirits who have taken possession of a little daughter.

(The ch ild was il1.) anything to do with the missionary or his religion. This is one of the greatest obstacles to civilization and Christianity in the North of Siam.

IV. The fourth class includes the spirits of the dead. Some are like ordinary ghosts, but others are spirits of very wicked persons without merit, who suffer continually from starvation.

Buddhistic teachings forbid the worship or propitiation of spirits, but before the Laos people accepted Buddhism this Animism was their religion and they simply took on the religion of Buddha and wore it over their old religion as a tramp might put a new coat over his rags. The old coat is nearest to the heart, while Buddhism is only a veneer. Priests and people alike are steeped in spirit worship and from this ignorance, superstiti~n and degradation, which Buddhism has failed to dispel, the religion of Jesus Christ is gradually delivering them.

Students in America*

How Can They be 'IVon for Christ?

BY TIMOTHY TINGFANG LEW, M.A., WENCHOW, CHINA Mr. Le'to is a Graduate Student, Teachers' College, Columbia Uni'Versity, Ne'Lv York city. He is President of the Chinese Stude1lts' Christian Association in N orlh A meri(a.

T HERE are about 1,500 Chinese students studying today in the universities, colleges, technical and professional schools in Amer- ica. How can American Christians win these Chinese students for Christ? To my mind, very few problems are likely to have as farreaching influence as this upon the world during this century.

In the last few years the world has witnessed the fall of a colossal order-the Imperial Monarchy of China-which was of 5,000 years' standing. Even greater than this is the painstaking reconstruction of a new order which is of an extremely difficult type. There is no doubt great room for improvement, but remember that it took the flower of liberty-loving Anglo-Saxons seven years to win the Revolutionary War, seven years more to frame the Constitution of the United States, and it was seven decades more before the Union of the States was completed. Common sense forces us to acknowledge that at least the same amount of time should be allowed to a people whose task is one hundred times greater than that which was faced by the American forefathers, in extent, scope and degree of difficulty.

China needs today men and women well trained and well equipped, intellectually, physically, morally and spiritually, who can cope with the numerous intricate problems that are arising daily, and who can create a new nation. Chinese students who are studying in America are, therefore, under heavy obligations. Their country looks upon them as her needed servants. Whether able or not, upon their return they are expected to serve their country in the particular lines for which they are preparing themselves. Responsibility, and even leadership, will be forced upon them by circumstances, if not by merit. It is not an exag- geration to say that the future destiny of China lies partly in these tender hands.

China not only sends her children to be educated; she also shows her confidence in American education by placing these graduates in reo sponsible positions. A few years ago there was a group of Chinese students studying in America. Today one of them, a Cornell man, is the Chinese Minister to the Court of St. James; another, a Columbia man, is now Chinese Minister to Vashington. Another, a Yale man, is now the Vice-Speaker of the Chinese Senate. Another, a graduate of the University of Virginia, was the Chinese Minister to Berlin. The Minister of Finance in China is a Yale man, and the Private Secretary to *p,.om An Address Delivered Before the Fifth General Convention of the Laymen's Missionary Movement of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S., at Lexington, Ky., February 22, 1917 the President of China studied at the University of Pennsylvania. Two years ago two of the most important positions of State Commissions of Foreign Affairs were held by two American college graduates; one from Vanderhilt University and the other from the University of North Carolina. The Director of the Indemnity Students in America today was also a University of Virginia man.

What would it mean to the 400,000,000 of China if we could win these Chinese' students to Christ while they are in America?

N a history contains more painful episodes than the modern diplomatic history of China. Prof. John Bassett Moore, one of the great American authorities on International Law, once said: "China has never failed to keep her word in international relations." China has never failed, but what has China received in return? Her territories have been seized upon the slightest pretext; her people have forcibly been drugged with opium; her natural resources have been exploited by tricks, and her possibilities for greater and freer development have been cur· tailed by many devices.

Be it said to the glory of America that she is the only nation among all the world powers which has truly been unselfish in preserving China's integrity. She was the second nation to welcome the Infant Republic into the family of nations and she is the only nation that has taken the noble step of returning a portion of the Boxers' Indemnity Fund. China quickly responded to these glimpses of square deals, which she deserved but rarely received. She has been spending the very money America returned to her in supporting American institutions of learning by sending her children over to be educated. Out of the 1,500 students in America today, about one-fourth are holding scholarships appropriated from the Indemnity Fund.

America's action has won the hearts of China's people. That is one of the chief reasons why there are in America today as many Chinese-; students as are in all European nations combined.

These students are spending the best and the most formative period of their lives away from home. They are learning to think with Ameri· cans and have learned to love America. In a few years one will find in almost every large Chinese city some Chinese-American college gradu· ates. Their loyalty to their Alma Mater in America, the bond of friend· ship they formed in their college days in America, the ideals and ideas which they formed when they were in America all tend to make them give preference politically, socially and commercially to Americans.

Look one step further. If international peace ever comes, if universal brotherhood ever is to be realized, it will be realized only through the united efforts of the world's democracies. It is the spirit of Jesus Christ as it was manifested by such men as Washington and Lincoln that will bring these things about. Greater armament will never accomplish this. America and China, the two great republics have, therefore, a

common task, which is to show the world that Democracy is not only practicable and reliable, but also is powerful. It will transform the world. We are both making experiments with the principles of democracy and both hope that some day we will be able to prove conclusively our point to the world.

The Chinese students who are studying in America now, are, therefore, the future co-operators in the reconstruction of the world order. To win these students for Christ: What would it mean to the world!

HOW CAN IT BE DONE?

But how can these students be won for Christ? How can you win anybody for Christ? How can you win American college students for Christ? Apply the same principles which you would apply in winning American college students for Christ to the Chinese students and you will have accomplished a great deal.

To win Chinese students for Christ, we must first of all live a Christ-like life. The Great Master "came not to be ministered unto but to minister." He was thoroughly human as well as divine. He was ever attentive to the needs of His people and He ne.ver failed to meet these needs.

One of the often felt needs of a student studying in a foreign land is home life, and this is particularly felt by our Chinese students, because we Orientals put the highest emphasis upon our home. The whole code of moral ethics is built upon it. The most destructive influence a foreign student finds in America is the effect of broken homes and the many questionable substitutes for homes, by which I mean certain kinds of clubs, hotels, restaurants and cabarets.

A cordial reception into a real Christian home of America brings a Chinese student nearer to Christ than ever before. Past experience has taught us that not a few students have been led to Christ by the wholesome influence of a Christian home.

Another important need is to be found in college life. What a flood of temptations there are waiting for a freshman who is a foreigner! What an amount of preJudice and discrimination a foreign student often has to endure! As one who has gone through these experiences and who has fought through some of these problems, I appreciate their disciplinary value, hut what about a non-Christian student who thinks that he is in a Christian community and claims the right to be treated as Christians should treat him?

Another need is to be found in church life. How can you win anyone for Christ when he goes to one of your churches and finds it a refrigerator? The courteous but cold usher will perhaps show him a back seat, where he can hardly enjoy the sermon, much less Christian fellowship. Such a need should never be left unmet, and it needs no further comment.

To win these students for Christ you must be thoroughly Christian

STUDENTS IN AMERICA

in your Christian enterprises. Perhaps more Chinese students who came as Christians have been turned away from Christ than brought nearer to Him through the various methods of missionary gatherings.

Fellow Christians, there is only one right way to carryon any form of missionary work and that is to build every part of the work on love and love alone. "Love," as I understand it, is different from "Charity" in the modern sense of this English word. Charity says: "Here are some crumbs which I can spare. You poor people take them and be thankful." Love says: "We are your brothers and sisters. We are all of the same Father. It is our duty and privilege to serve you in wh~tever way we can." What takes Love years to build up can be destroyed by a day's patronizing air. The greatest enemy of missionary efficiency is this patronizing attitude which hurts the self-respect of the receiver with an unnecessary sense of humiliation and taints the giver's fruit with the impurity of pride.

Why do we believe in missions? N at because others are worse than we, but because it is the love of Christ that constrains us. It is because we are co-workers with God and it is our duty to hasten the coming of His kingdom. Such an attitude, devoid of the patronizing spirit and of self-conscious pride, is the way to remove one of the great obstacles which lie between many Chinese students and Christ.

To win these Chinese students for Christ, we must present to them the Gospel to Jesus Christ in its pure essence, unmixed with the nonessentials and put in terms that are intelligible to them. Undue emphasis upon human interpretations of scripture hair-splitting, archaic and provincial theology can hardly win men to Christ. The majority of these students are students of science. They are drilled in scientific methods of thinking and reasoning. The atmosphere in which they are living and their point of view are thoroughly modern. To present to them any gospel that is clothed in garments which are several generations old and to ignore the results of the progressive sciences is to call for reactions that would push them away from the living Christ rather than bring them nearer to Him.

One of the greatest curses China has ever had is the opium evil, and China got it through her commerce with a Christian nation. With all the glory England has ever achieved, with all the good work England has done through missionary enterprises, she can never fully wash away the stains on her glorious flag; with all the mercy of the highest tribunal of justice the sin of the opium war may be forgiven but the reproach shall remain forever. It will be forever the shame of that great people. It has formed the greatest obstacle in winning Chinese for Christ. The Chinese have accomplished wonders in stamping out the opium evil, but it involved untold pain and incalculable self-sacrifice in lives as well as money. It has caused weakness and poverty, for which England is responsible.

Some Americans are now sending into China millions of cigarettes. Their aim is to replace the opium by a another vicious habit. More vicious, let me emphasize, for two reasons. First, the poor victims who have just fought a terrific battle and given up the evil habit of opium are naturally looking for some substitutes. American cigarettes mixed with questionable contents induced the Chinese to take more than people ordinarily would. Second, the opium evil was limited to those of certain age, and it was not a convenient thing to smoke, but cigarettes can be smoked by anybody at any time, in any place, under any circumstances. With my own eyes I have seen American tobacco agents induce children seven or eight years old to smoke.

Not only the tobacco evil but also intoxicating liquor is entering China through American efforts. There are today young men who are actually spending their valuable time in the business schools of America's best universities to study how the American strong-drink trade can be most efficiently extended in China. Remember, fellow Christians, as the states are becoming drier and drier, the liquor traffic men are looking for new fields for their business.

Unless the American Christian conscience is awakened to these facts and raises an incessant cry to stop these sinful enterprises before they go too far, you are placing a stumbling block before all Christian workers who are trying to win Chinese students for Christ. You cannot serve Christ and Mammon at the same time.

Finally to win these Chinese students for Christ, you must have a united Christian Church. Theological differences, however nne and interesting they may be, denominational differences, however important historically (and I speak as a loyal denominational Christian and a theological student who appreciates theological differences), should never be allowed to interfere with the true spirit of Christian brotherhood or with the winning of men to Christ. The 152 different denominations are always a puzzle to a non-Christian and his common answer to Christian evangelistic persuasion is, "Agree among ourselves first before I cast in my lot with you. " Unity in spirit, unbroken bonds of love and real Christian co-operation should be the foundation of any evangelistic work among Chinese students.

Fellow Christians, win these Chinese for Christ and win them while they are here. Many have come as Christians but have returned home non-Christians, forever immune or even hostile to Christianity. The explanation of this is not difficult. When one has seen all the darker sides of a so-called Christian nation and Christian people, but is not brought close to the brighter and really Christian side of America, he is naturally disappointed and misled.

Win the Chinese students in America, and win them now! I hear the voice of 250,000 Christians in China saying: "We have trusted to you our future leaders-the hope of our nation. We have the greatest confidence in your reliability and ability to give them the best you have. Make them Christians for Christ's sake and for China's sake.

Challenge of

BY PAUL HAHIUSON. M.D.. BAHREIN. ARABIA MissioWII'Y of the Rcfol'lIlc( Church in America A LITTLE over thirteen centuries ago a new religious faith was introduced into this world. Tradition tells us that Mohammed, who introduced it, was so ignorant that he could neither read nor write. The progress of that faith has been one of the remarkable phenomena of modern history. For thirteen centuries it has continued to spread, with almost never a check or a defeat.

There are countries like Java, where the prevailing religion was once Brahmanism, but where there is no Brahmanism now. There are countries in Central Asia where the religion of the people was once Buddhism, but where there is no Buddhism now. On the plains of Mesopotamia are the scattered and feeble remnants of the religion of Zoroaster, a faith that once dominated that whole section of the world. The fire worshippers of Mesopotamia now number only a few thousand, and they are becoming extinct. There are whole lands where a corrupt Christian church has been almost wiped out of existence, and in each case the religion of these countries today is the religion of Mohammed of Mecca. But, with the single exception of Spain, what land is there where the religion of Mohammed ever obtained a foothold, and has since been displaced? That faith has .marched down through thirteen centuries and has practically never suffered a defeat. It has overcome everything in its path by virtue of strength which is simply phenomenal. Today it extends from China on the East to the Atlantic coast of Africa on the vVest, and from Central Asia on the North to the Philippine Islands on the South.

More than that must be said. Not only has this faith of the prophet of .Mecca thirteen centuries of victory behind it, but today it is still spreading unchecked, with a strength and a virility quite unabated. We used to talk of the great pagan continent of Africa, and we drew it in black. The days are coming very soon, if present tendencies continue, when we shall draw it with green ink, and speak of it as the great Mohammedan continent. Mohammedanism is still spreading in India, it is spreading in the Malay Archipelago. It is spreading in Central Asia. A few months ago I was talking with a missionary from Russia and he told me that one of the finest of the new religious buildings in Petrograd, was the new Mohammedan mosque recently erected in that city.

THE STRENGTH OF ISLAM If you will visit Arabia, one of the first things that you may expect to hear will be the rhythmical chant of laborers, as they carry some heavy burden along the road. You will be surprised to find that the sailors chant the same thing as they hoist up the sail of their boat. The

Arab mother sings it to her baby to put him to sleep, and at night in the mosque as long as you remain awake, you may hear the same chant repeated in a sort of maddening repetition, till far into the morning hours. And the chant is their short creed, and in it we shall find the secret of the strength of this faith, the faith that has triumphed over all the forces of civilization and Christianity for thirteen hundred years. "La Illah ill Ullah," "There is no god but God." It is this creed that the baby hears as his cradle song, and that the laborer sings as he works, that the religious fanatic chants as he works himself up to a frenzy, and that every pious believer repeats with his last breath, as he passes into . the Mercy of God.

"There is no god but God." It means in the first place, the Om- nipotence of God. We suppose that we believe in the Omnipotence of God, but we have no such belief as has the Arab. If I ask him to- come and see me the next day, it is not "Yes" or "No" that he says, but "In shah Lah," "If the Lord wills, I'll come." Secondary causes have dis- appeared in this universe of God's omnipotence. It rained today be- cause God sent the rain, and tomorrow it will shine because God sends the sunshine, and there is nothing else to it. An old Arab chief one day in Oman, told me that cholera was in the village next to his own. "Now," I said, "cholera comes from little worms in the water-little ones, you cannot see them, but I could show them to you with the microscope. If you will cook all the food that you eat, and boil all the water that you drink, you will not get cholera." The old man drew himself up in his dignity. "Cholera," he said, "is from God," and after that we talked about something else.

"There is fio causation but God." This tremendous belief in God's omnipotence is even sufficient to drive superstition out of the Arab's mind, and credulous as he naturally is, I suppose that it is a safe statement that the average Orthodox Mohammedan of Central Arabia is less superstitious than the average American of Chicago. I remember very well when we took a trip across the desert from Bagdad to Damascus, two Arabs and myself. We travelled by night as well as by day, and if there ever was a time to have a rabbit's foot in your pocket, and to wear a charm around your neck, that was the time. But we started out· on that journey with the Name of God on our lips and the thought of God in our hearts, and never a word was heard of a spook or a jinn or a ghost or a saint. I remember starting on a sea trip for Kateef. The sailors as we moved out into the sea chanted, "Tuwukkelna ala Ullah, lasem naoud." "Tuwukkelna ala Ullah, lasem naoud. " "We've trusted in God we must return." The Arab is a credulous Oriental, let him who doubts read Arabian Nights, but his overwhelming view of Gqd's omnipotence has been sufficient to drive all superstition out of his mind. "There is no god but God."

It means in the second place the Unity of God. "Do you mean to tell me," said an Arab in his reception room in Kuweit, "That this

CHALLENGE OF ISLAM

prophet of yours who has been through all the disgrace and uncleanness of human birth, is divine, that he is God? Such teaching is infidelity, and we want none of it."

"I was visiting Bombay the other day," said an Arab to me, "and what do you think 1 saw there? What do you think that I saw?"

"Bombay," said I, "is a large city. I do not know what you saw. Vhat did you see?"

"I was curious to see the place where the Indians worship, and 1 asked them where their worshipping place was. I looked in, and what. do you think 1 saw in there. What do you think 1 saw?"

"I don't know," 1 said, "what did you see?" "I saw," said the Arab with horror, "men-men worshipping a cow." Those men of India could not have committed any crime or any series of crimes that would have so lowered them in the estimation of that Arab, as did the fact that they were willing to worship a cow. "There is no god but God." It means the Unity of God. It means something else too, something that would not be put into the same bundle of ideas by a Westerner, but which is part of the same idea, in the Arab mind. It means the brotherhood of man. It is true that statement must be qualified, and discounted somewhat. It does not mean the brotherhood of women, so to speak, nor the brotherhood of slaves, nor the brotherhood of unbelievers. But when every allowance is made that must be made, it still remains true, I think, that the most democratic society to be found anywhere in the world today, is to be found in Central Arabia. I well remember when I had been in Arabia only a few weeks, how one evening I saw one of the most impressive sights of all my life. I was on my way to the language teacher's house. It was just after sundown, and I looked into the door of a large mosque by the side of the road, as I passed. The people were gathered for sunset prayers, and the large room was full, row upon row of worshipping Moslems. The rich and the poor, the educated and the uneducated, the high and the low, were there together. They stood on the same prayer mats, and with their faces toward the same Kibla in Mecca, they followed the same leader, and repeated the same prayer together. It was one of the most impressive things that I have ever seen. Do you know where the largest religious convention in the world was held last year, an'd the year before that, and the year before that? It was not in this country, and it was not in Europe. In a small city of Arabia, there came together a hundred thousand Moslems to go through the ceremonies of their faith. And where did they come from? The Black man was there from Africa, and the Yellow man was there from China. The White man was there from Central Asia, and the Brown man was there from the Philippine Islands. They marched around the same mosque, and they kissed the same black stone, and they went out and listened to the same sermon together, and it did not occur to any-

lllSSIONAl{Y REVIL~W UF THE WORLD [J

body that the Black man was not just as good as the White man, or that the Yellow man was not just as good as the Brown man, for "There is no god but God," and men down on this earth stand on the same plane absolutely. So far as I am aware, that is a result which has been accomplished nowhere else. I know that the Christian Church has not done it. Suppose we took the front pew of one of our churches. On the end seat we will put a college professor, and next to him a Pullman porter, next to him will be a banker, and next a Chinese laundryman. Would it work in America? But out there it works. This tremendous conviction of the Omnipotence of God has been sufficient to wipe out the race prejudice of a whole nation, and race prejudice is pretty nearly the deepest running yellow streak that humanity is heir to.

lf that were all that is to be said about Mohammedanism, it would be a pleasant thing to talk about, would it not? For the man that cannot see the magnificence oJ a faith that can accomplish such things, is blind. That Arab conception of God's omnipotence is the right conception. It did rain today because God sent the rain, and it will shine tomorrow because He sends the sunshine. That conception of the brotherhood of man is the right conception. God does not rank mankind according to color. And in so far as we have yet to attain to a conception as correct and as true as the Arab's, we have something to learn from him. But unfortunately that is not all that there is to be said. On that foundation as splendid, and as beautiful, and as true as it is, has been built a superstructure of faith and practice, which I suppose is without question, the most destructive to all that is good in human nature of any that curses the world today.

THE DESTRUCTIVE SYSTEM It is a system of STAGNATION. To Islam progress IS a sm. In Kuweit, the people decided to organize a Moslem school. It was about the only instance of real co-operative effort that I have ever seen out there. The whole city was divided into two factions over the question as to whether or not arithmetic and geography were to be taught in that school. The Orthodox wing won, and they decided to keep the pure mind of their youth free from such contamination. I never was able to find out just what was the objection to arithmetic, but the case against geography was clear, as the boys might learn that the sun' does not set in a pool of black mud, as the Koran says that it does, and their faith would be undermined.

We, in the west, have not learned any too much about hygiene and sanitation. Over there they know nothing, nor do they desire to learn. Busrah is a city of approximately IOO,OOO people. Irrigation canals intersect it in every direction. There are large ones and small ones, but there is no system of water works, no sewer system. No system in" deed, of anything_ You pick your way with difficulty along the back

CHALLENGE OF ISLAM

streets, because of the filth of the night before. It all drained down into the irrigation canals. And where do they get their drinking water? Right out of the same canals. Islam is a system of stagnation.

It is a system of CRUELTY. In Kuweit, I was told of the five-yearold grandson of the chief of that city, now dead. The small boy was playing near the sea, with a slave boy of his own age, and the slave boy struck him. The youngster ran away to complain to his grandfather, and the old chief came down from his council chamber immediately.

He found the small colored boy on the beach. "Jump into the water."

The boy jumped in. "Now swim," and as the small boy swam away from the shore he ordered his retainers to shoot at him, and after they had struck him enough times, he went down. "The dark places of the earth are full of the habitations of cruelty."

If one really wants to know the type of mind developed by this system, to realize how completely the mind loses its qualities of mercy and compassion and pity, it is only necessary to read the papers, and learn something of the horrors perpetrated in Armenia, in these days. If you were to shut your eyes and give your imagination absolutely free rein to picture the worst scenes of outrage and cruelty it is capable of painting, I do not suppose that there would be any approach in any of those pictures, to the actual occurrences in Armenia. I know of only one system of faith that will take murder and pillage, iniquity and outrage, mentionable and unmentionable, baptize them with the names of religious duties, and canonize the perpetrators.

It is a system of IMMORALITY. I am aware that someone may declare that there is less immorality in Arabia than there is in America. He will speak the truth. There is no sexual immorality in Arabia. There is no morality there. The conception is lacking. In that country every man may have four legal wives, as many concubines as he has money to pay for. As if that were not enough, he may sell his concubines as he does his cattle, and divorce anyone of his wives whenever he wishes, with no legal process whatsoever. A man eats a different sort of potatoes every day, why should he not have a different wife every day? I know of only one system of religious faith in the world that has actually instituted the practice of sex promiscuity, stamped it with the seal of its own religious sanction, and wiped out the human conscience that condemns it, just as completely as the human conscience is capable of being wiped out.

This, then, is the system of Islam-a system as strong, almost, as the very truth of God, and as hideously evil, almost, as the pit itself. A system that stands before the Church of God today -in an attitude of insolent defiance. "I defy the armies of Israel today, give me a man that we might fight together." There is perhaps no call to the Church today quite so insistent as that insolent challenge. The fate of two hundred million men and women and children, the Honor of our Lord, indeed, our own self-respect as Christians, are at stake.

Pray For Moslenls?

~~ Call to Prayer For Moslems In View of Efleet of the 'IVodd 'Yar BY THE HEV. SAMUEL M. ZWKIIBER. D.D., CAIRO, IWYPT Author of "The Disintegration of Islum," cte.

T HE present world conflict, both in the war and its Pentecost of heroism. its fundamental causes, in its Fear on the part of a Christian is a progress of events, and in its final is- sues, deeply concerns those who are denial of God. What kind of a God laboring and praying for Moslems. have we if He is not able to save us There is, theretore, a special need and from those fears that cripple our lives also a special call for prayer. The and thwart our purposes, or make us evangelization of the Moslem world is diffident to undertake the enterprise of not a phrase to be bandied about easily; faith? We must make our influence felt it is a deep life purpose, a work of faith, through' prayer and testimony, so that a labor of love, a patience of hope. the Church will claim these millions by faith, no matter what the sacrifice may ( I ) We need first of all to pray for be. ourselves and for the churches of Christendom, lest our faith fail and our fears (2 ) We must intercede for those triumph-lest we confound loyalty to lands where the door of access to Mosthe flag with loyalty to Christ, and so lems was open before the war, and confuse issues and the results of the war where it has not been closed in any way. in the Near East. We need to ask Among these we may mention India, first of all that everyone of us may be China, Malaysia and Egypt, together delivered from fear, from timidity. embracing more than one-half of the en- This has been one of the chief hin- tire Moslem world. The effect of drances in the evangelization of Moslem the war in these lands has not been felt lands. Mr. H. G. Wells in his story, directly and on economic lines, but in- "The Research Magnificent," says that tellectually and spiritually hearts have the struggle with fear is the very be- been stirred and awakened. Never has ginning of the soul's history. "Fear," there been so great a demand for the he writes, "is the foremost and most per- Word of God nor has Christian literasistent of the shepherding powers that ture been more widely circulated. keep us in the safe fold, that drive us back to the beaten tracks and comfort (3) There is urgent need for interand-futility. The beginning of all cession that lands and hearts hitherto aristocracy is the subjugation of fear." closed may be widely opened after the .•. "The modern world thinks too war. No one can be blind to the fact much as though painlessness and free- that the events which have transpired in dom from danger were ultimate ends. Turkey, Palestine and Arabia must have It is fear-haunted, it is troubled by the a deep significance for the future of the thought of pain and death, which it has Kingdom. If the blood of the martyrs never met except as well-guarded chil- is still the seed of the Church, what a dren meet these things, in exaggerated glorious harvest we may expect on the and untestable form, in the menagerie holy fields of Armenia and Northern or in nightmares. And so it thinks the Persia where so many were massacred. discovery of amesthetics the crowning In the new king of the Hedjaz, in the triumph of civilization, and cosiness highway from Assyria to Egypt, in the and innocent amusement-those ideals of new civilization that has come into the nursery-the whole purpose of Mesopotamia, we can already see somemankind." This was written before thing of the fulfilment of the glorious prophecy in the 72d Psalm and the 60th *Written for the Fellowship of Faith for chapter of Isaiah. To read these chapthe Moslems, with headquarters at Cu/fnells, ters in the light of the present war is Weybridge, Surrey, England. to strengthen our faith and deepen our purpose. May we not hope that the twenty ready been done among Mohammemillion Moslems under French rule in dans has been only play, only a pre- Africa, and the number of those in Rus- liminary skirmish, needs missIOnaries sia which is nearly as great will be more who will in truth fast and pray; that accessible after peace nas been declared? is to say, who, with new and holy de- The redistribution or the readjustment votion, will cut themselves loose from of colonial possessions in Africa is also all that hinders, and become wholea call for intercession. Prayer moves hearted disciples of Jesus Christ; men the Arm that moves the World. who are not transiently excited by the flickering light of unconsidered plans and (4) Lastly and most of all we must hopes, but who wiII serve with patience, pray for reinforcements. The present quietness and constancy, relying with war has shown that man-power is even child-like trust on the might of the unmore important than money-power in a seen God." long-drawn conflict. I t is calculated that before the close of the year 19 16 For the unoccupied fields we need there had already been eighteen and a men of the highest type-real pioneers, half million casualties of which deaths such as Charles G. Gordon once demake up one-fourth. scribed in a letter to his sister, "Where will you find an apostle? I will ex- The present need of the Moslem plain what I mean by that term. He world now-and a need that will be must be a man who has died entirely enormously emphasized after the war- to the world; who has no ties of any is reinforcements. I t is the part of wis- sort; who longs for death when it may dom, therefore, to face the new condi- please God to take him; who can bear tions that will obtain after the war in the intense dullness of these countries; the Turkish Empire, in Persia, in who seeks for few letters; and who can Arabia, in Egypt and North Africa. bear the thought of dying deserted. The issues of the ,var are so closely re- Now, there are few, very, very few men lated to the issues of the Kingdom that who can accept this post. But no halfwe may well consider them in terms of measures will do. . . . A man must recruits and of mobilization of these give up everything, understand everyvital forces of the Church after peace thin!:, everything, to do anything for is declared. Christ here. No half nor three-quarter measures will do. And yet, what a Such fields as Arabia, Palestine, Asia field !" Minor, Syria and Persia which were terribly undermanned before the war broke God by his providence has brought out, will make a new appeal of supreme thousands of the choicest men from New urgency when the period of reconstruc- Zealand, Australia, Canada and Great tion begins. We will then face needs Britain into closest contact with the that are appalling in their extent and Near East during the war. Thev have deep beyond measure in their pathos. seen service in Egypt, at the Darda- Where the Armenian martvr Church nelles, in Salonica and Mesopotamia. has shed its blood is now ho·ly ground: There faith in God grew strong among and because of the sacrifice there will those who knew Him. These Chrisbe unprecedented opportunities for the tian men, many of them from the unipractical manifestation of the love of versities and coIIeges, saw the oppor- Christ to Moslems in social and spirit- tunities for medical, educational and ual service. In addition to all this there social service. They have come into close are the unoccupied provinces of the touch with Islam and its needs. To Near East and of Central Asia, a chal- them the Near East has spoken for a lenge to the venture of faith and utmost higher warfare and they have seen the Christian boldness. "The great conflict coming of a Kingdom without frontiers with Islam," said a missionary leader in or race-barriers. It is for the Church 19 I 2, "which the coming decades will to extend to them the call for reinforcebring to the Church of Christ, and in ments and to do it now. comparison with which all that has al-

@ @ ~"'_""B'~E'"S'T~M'"ET_H"O….D~uS…,,,_

CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, 38 UNION AVENUE, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK.

PLANS AND PROGRAMS FOR MISSIONARY MEETINGS I N recent years we have noted with A PLEA FOR SELF-DENIAL sorrow the growing tendency to make The constant serving of refreshments use of methods at the home base which in connection with church activities is dedishonor God and belittle the cause of plored by many Christian workers. It missions. Some months ago we set apart has seemed, in recent years, as tho not a special drawer for articles, clipped from even a committee meeting could be held missionary magazines and religious peri- without having something to eat. An ocodicals, describing methods of work that casional missionary tea or get-together did not seem to us quite above criticism. church dinner is a delightful and legiti- mate thing, but the serving of refresh- This drawer now contains a large ments every time the church doors are amount of material that would amaze open is quite a serious matter. There and grieve a large majority of mission- actually are churches (we know personary workers. Some of these methods ally of more than one) which have a have to do with the raising of money; social hour with light refreshments every others deal with missionary programs and Sunday evening at the close of the ways of increasing interest and attend- preaching service. ance. Some of them seem positively wrong; others merely foolish and frivo- This mingling of pleasure with service lous. It is a serious thing that they have is regarded by many students of prophecy not only been used by individual societies as a significant sign of the times. "The but are advocated by missionary leaders church is in the condition described by and printed in missionary magazines. the apostles as indicative of the 'last We confess to have spent many a days,'" said the Rev. A. E. Thompson wakeful hour in the night watches griev- at the Jewish Conference held in Chi- ing over these wrong methods and pray- cago last November. "Its wealth, seIf- ing and planning as to how their evil ten- sufficiency, formality and worldliness; dencies can best be overcome. It is, the false doctrines that prevail; and the therefore, with a deep spirit of thanks- mingling; of pleasure with church activi- giving that we note a new aspect of seri- ties-all these are very significant."

ousness on the part of Christians every- It may be that the entrance of Amer- where. If participation in the great ica into the World War will call a halt World War, awful as it seems, can check on this. Soon after the break with Ger- the tide of worldliness and frivolity many, the mistress of the White House, which threatens to engulf the Church, it supp'orted by the wives of the Vice- may be worth all it is costing. President and members of the cabinet, "The seriousness of the times ought to issued a caU for self-denial in social sober our thinking, bring us to our knees, functions of all kinds and religious and deepen our spiritual life," said the leaders would do well to follow suit.

Rev. Thomas R. Good, pastor of Union In matters of self-denial the Church Presbyterian Church, Schenectady, in an should take the lead. We are glad to Easter message to his people. "Sorrow know of one Ladies' Aid Society that has and sacrifice are for the chastening of the recently given up the teas held in con- soul. Let us all take our religious life nection with its fortnightly meetings on more seriously, and with humble hearts the ground that they cost too much and draw nearer to God." take too much time from the relief work they are doing. "It will be too bad if it come from comfortable homes and prob- keeps anybody away," says one of the ably never have known actual hunger in members. "But I really think we can all of their lives.

get along just as well without those who "With the thousands of our needy sis- come from such motives." ters in this and other lands calling for The following letter written to Miss Bible schools, teachers, preachers, hos- Margaret E. Sangster, Jr., by a mission- pitals, and daily bread, and one decent ary worker in the Middle West, is one garment to put on, are we not mocking of the best things we have seen on this our Lord with such praise services as subject. We reprint it from The Chris- mentioned above? Does not our Lord tian H era/d, and trust that its appeal stand before us, and say: may meet with quick response. " '0 my daughters, what wiII it have DROP THOSE "FEEDS." advantaged you to give luncheons, teas, and suppers-to serve refreshments when " '[n our church we have a fine mIs- the price of them would have purchased sionary society, hut-' That's the way hundreds of loaves of bread and butter a letter from the Middle West begins," for the soul-hungry ones whose uplifted says Miss Sangster. This is the way hands appeal to heaven for help?

it goes on: " 'At the missionary teas you feed not "The missionary society is doing splen- the hungry but the full. The little you did work. By strenuous efforts in the make would be trebled if you gave the past years we have largely avoided the full cost of time, labor and food. I, the 'refreshment' craze and have attended to Lord, ask self-denial. The extra feeding business. Lately there has been develop- is self-indulgence.

ing (and rapidly) the idea of trying to " 'I gave my life for thee. What dost 'win new members by serving refresh- thou offer me?'

ments.' Though the character of the "The women of the churches should 'feed' (as students call it) is supposed to send out a calI to Halt! Look! Con- be regulated by rule, yet more and more sider! and Remedy this extravagance!

time, money, and labor is expended upon Thousands in Mexico are starving, so each passing monthly meeting. say our missionaries in private letters- "Lately we had a 'praise service,' with so savour native Christians who write refreshments. Our offering, in envelopes to us: begging help; and yet nothing is plarked 'thank offering,' was twenty-two being done by any organization (as far as dollars. The refreshments cost nearly' I can learn) to relieve the distress next eleven doIIars! Out of all proportion is door.

the second to the first. "Let your imagination fly over these "Now what can we do to make our beautiful states and pause at the multigood ~nergetic women in the churches tude of teas, luncheons, and so forth, realize that now-while we are sur- given in and by the churches to raise the rounded by such misery as the world has money for strictly missionary work.

not seen for fifty years-is the time to You'll come home, tired out."

drop these 'feeds'? THE UPPER ROOM OR THE SUPPER "I believe most heartily in social gath- erings, in get-together meetings of social, ROOM?* civil, and religious betterment. Please The early church prayed in the Upper do not think me a grumbler, for I love Room,· the twentieth century church people, fun, music, and so forth; but I do cooks in the Supper Room! believe our women who have their dinner or luncheon at noon, and will 1.J.ave * These striking paragraphs by an author their evening meal at the regular time, unknown to us may be obtained in leaflet are not in need of special refreshment at form by addressing the Rev. J. J. D. Hall, -1-:30 P. M. We feed not the hungry, Superintendent of the Galilee Mission, 823 starved mothers of families but those who Vine Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Price, 20 cents a lOO.-l3.M.B.

Today the Supper Room has taken the when the very existence of the missionary place of the Upper Room! Play has enterprise seems imperilled and the need taken the place of Prayer, and Feasting of prayer is so great, these old time meetthe place of Fasting. There are more ings should be revived. Full Stomachs in the church than there are Bended Knees and Broken Hearts. 'Ve believe that there is, at the present There is more fire in the Range in the time, a very widespread desire for meetkitchen, than there is in the Church Pul- ings devoted largely to prayer. The quespit. When you build a fire in the church tion is just how to conduct them. Not kitchen, it often, if not altogether, puts long ago a Woman's Bible Class became out the fire in the Pulpit. Ice Cream so burdened with existing conditions that chills the fervor of Spiritual Life. it was decided to hold a woman's prayer meeting once a week at the home of one The early Christians were not Cook- of the members. No effort was made to ing in the Supper Room the day the secure a large attendance and at the ap- Holy Ghost came but they were Praying pointed time only four responded, tho a in the Upper Room! They were not few others telephoned excuses. But the /17aiting on Tables, they were Waiting four who came were strong, spiritually on God. They were not Waiting for minded women each of whom had been the fire from the Stove, but for the Fire "with Christ in the school of prayer." from Above. The leader opened the meeting by They were Detained by the Command reading a portion from the Scriptures and of God, and not Entertained by the a brief chapter from a helpful book by Cunning of Men. They were all Filled Moody on prayer. Then she gave a short with the Holy Ghost, not stuffed with talk on the need of prayer that deeply Stew or Roast. moved her hearers. After that they prayed all around the little circle, one by 0, I would like the Cooking Squad one-intensely earnest prayers for God's put out, and the Praying Band put in. blessing on the church and the world. Less Ham and Sham and more Heaven. Taken all together. these exercises did Less Pie and more Piety. Less use for not occupy more than twenty minutes. the Cook Book and more use for the Old and then there seemed nothing to do! Book. Put out the fire in the church The remainder of the hour was spent in kitchen and build it on the Altar. discussing the needs of the church and some of its members-a legitimate thing, More Love and more Life. Fewer tho it was a little hard to keep it from Dinners and get after Sinners. Let us descending into what is commonly called have a church full of Waiters on God. go~sip ! a church full of Servers, serving God and waiting for His Son from Heaven. What happened in this little prayer group is likely to happen in larger groups A REAL MISSIONARY PRAYER MEETING as well. Time set apart for prayer in any meeting is always in danger of being In these strenuous days there is danger lost unless there are enough persons presthat prayer may become a lost art. In- ent who are willing and able to fill the deed, there are not wanting those who time with audible petitions. Few of us tell us that in the lives of a majority of are so fortunate as to have no remem- Christians prayer has already passed out brance of awkward and embarrassing of use. pauses when a season of prayer was called for and no one responded. Be this as it may, we cannot deny that the old-time missionary prayer meeting- Wherein lies the remedy ? We believe the so-called monthly concert where con- it is to be found in well-directed periods certed prayer for the salvation of the world occupied most of the time-has of silent prayer.'" long been a thing of the past. Monthly missionary meetings are still held in '" See Best M ethads Department for April, many churches but the prayer element in 1914, on "Silent Prayer Method." them is very, very small. At this time,

T<)T7J BEST METHODS

Last February when a day of prayer nounced the fields, one by one, allowing was observed bv the Federation of Wom- two minutes for prayer after each. In an's Missiona~y Societies of Schenec- order to make the praying more specific tady, a program was carried out which she gave a few of the special needs of goes to prove this contention. Fully half each field as she announced it. The the time was spent in silent prayer and it fields named were these: America; made a great appeal to the representative' Latin America; Europe; Africa; Mobody of women in attendance. "You have hammedan Lands-Turkey, Armenia, taught us a new way to pray for mis- Syria, Egypt, Persia, Arabia; India; sions," said a prominent religious leader Burma; Assam and Siam; China, Tibet to the president of the Federation at the and Manchuria; Japan; Korea; Island. close. And there were many other ex- of the Sea; The Jews, God's chosen pressions of commendation. . people. ) 11. Hymn-HO, Zion, Haste." If such meetings could be arranged 12. Closing Prayer-Miss Mary Backus. periodically or even occasionally, it would not only greatly increase the volume of PREPARATION prayer for missions but result in a deepening of spiritual life at home. To in- A good mISSIOnary meeting does not sure success there should be perfect quiet happen; it is the result of prayer and and freedom from interruption and in- preparation. tense earnestness on the part of the leader and those asked to participate. The pro- The first step in preparation is to degram for this prayer service was as fol- cide upon what you wish to accomplish lows: by the meeting.

Missionary Prayer Ser'Uice An audience does not happen; it must (Doors closed and all heads bowed) be worked for and prayed for.-The Missionary Outlook. 1. Silent prayer for the presence of the KOT HALF HAVE EVER BEEN TOLD* Holy Spirit. A NEW VERSION OF AN OLD HYMN 2. Hymn-"AII Hail the Power of Jesus' BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, Columbia, South Name." Carolina (Doors open to admit late comers.) Tune: "Not Half Has Ever Been Told."

3. Scripture Lesson: Isaiah's Call to Serv- 1. We have heard of a Father in Heaven, Who tenderly cares for each one, ice. Isaiah 6:1-8. (Four steps: (1) vVho in infinite goodness and mercy Unto us gave His only Son. Vision of God's holiness, 1-4; (2) His care day by day doth enfold us, His goodness we ever behold, Realization of sinfulness, 5; (3) But not half of the earth's needy mil- lions, Cleansing from sin, 6 and 7; (4) Of that Father have ever been told.

Ready for service, S. REFRAIN: Not half have ever been told, 4. Hymn-"Wash Me and Shall be Not half have ever been told, Whiter Than Snow." * "One day when hearing the choir sing- 5. Prayer-Mrs. Alexander Gillespie. ing, 'Not Half Has Ever Been Told,' it came over me very strongly," says Mrs. Cronk, 6. Scripture Reading-Daniel's Prayer of "that while we were dwelling on the fact that we have never heard one·half of the Confession. Daniel 9 :6-22. glory of our Lord and His kingdom, that one-half of the world has never even heard 7. Hymn-"My Faith Looks Up to Thee." that there is a Saviour. So I took the old hymn and rewrote it from a missionary 8. Sentence Prayers of Praise and Thanks- standpoint. It was sung with wonderful ef- fect at one of our recent public missionary giving. meetings. A fine soloist sang the stanzas and a quartette the refrain. It fitted in per- (At this point the leader announced fectly with the thought the speaker of the evening had left in our minds." that the remainder of the time would be spent in silent intercession and that the next number on the program would be given to strengthen faith and give a glimpse of the need and power of prayer for missions.) 9. Reading-"Prayer and the 'Uttermost Parts.' "-Mrs. S. A. Hamilton.

(This article by Mr. S. D. Gordon ap- peared in THE MISSIONARY REVIEW in November, 1916.) 10. Period of Silent Intercession for the Mis- sion Fields of the vVorld.

(In conducting this the leader an-

Not half of the earth's needy millions, the course of five years, less than a doun Of that Father have ever been told. failed in any way. But there were a few failures and the president was always 2. We have heard of a Saviour who loves us, armed with something of value to substi. Who for sinners His life freely gave. tute in case of emergencies. Oh, the wonderful, blessed assurance That He from our sins doth us save! WAYS OF MEETING EMERGENCIES We know of His love and His mercy To those who have entered His fold, There are many ways of meeting such But not half of the earth's waiting mil- emergencies and by wise and careful lions, handling there may, out of the ashes of Of that Saviour have ever been told. the meeting that was to have been, arise one equal to it, if not better. The REFRAIN: first thing to do under such circumstances is to pray-to ask God for the wisdom Not half have ever been told, promised in James 1:5. The anSWl'f is Not half have ever been told, sure to come for the promise is without Not half of the earth's waiting millions, reserve, the one condition being absolute Of that Saviour have ever heen told. dependence upon it. We have ourselves tested it many times and have never 3. We have heard of the mansions in known it to fail. Heaven SPECIAL SPEAKERS Which our Saviour has gone to prepare, Where the saints who on earth have heen Where a whole program or the prin- cipal part of it goes by default, the easiest faithful way out is to call in the services of a Shall His glory eternally share. special speaker. In large communities But millions who sit in the darkness this should not be a difficult matter, for His glorious face might behold, the right kind of speaker will esteem it a If we to His charge had heen faithful, privilege to help in such a time of need. To "all people" His message had told. As a part of its work, one of the com- mittees of the Federation of Woman's REFRAIN: Missionary Societies in Schenectady, N ew York, keeps a list of all speakers in Not half have ever been told, the city and vicinity who are willing to Not half have ever been told, read papers or make addresses either for To us comes a plea from the darkness, regular appointments or in response to Of those who have never been told. emergency calls. If this were done every- where, it would be a great help. EMERGENCY PROGRAMS MISSIONARY PRAYER MEETINGS Emergency programs are the despair of most missionary leaders-the programs Such a l1issionary Prayer Service as that must be made up on short notice be- we have already outlined can be arranged cause someone has failed. Even tho the on very short notice and could be sub· failure may be due to serious sickness, stituted either for the whole or a part sudden death or some other unavoidable of a program. Rightly conducted, such calamity, the problem is hard to solve. a service is not only profitable but very enjoyable. As the need for prayer is Through prayer and the cultivation of always great, such a service is always in a strong spirit of responsibility it is pos- order. sible, of course, to reduce such failures to a minImum. In a young people's mis- MISSIONARY SONG SERVICES sionary society of which the Best Methods editor had charge years ago in Where the gathering is large and it Ohio, special prayer was continuously of- is possible to sing, a Missionary Song fered that the young people might be Service can be gotten up in a very short willing to undertake the various parts of the program assigned them and that they might be faithful in the preparation and presentation of them. At the same time care was taken to see that every participant was thanked for his faithful service and, in so far as was consistent with honesty, appreciation of the excellence of that service was also expressed. The result was that of the more than 700 program assignments made in that society in

METHODS

time. This is always enjoyable, for peo- it very much, and the stories seemed to ple love to sing. And it can be made a make a very deep impression. Here are real aid to the work. We hope in the a few that might be used for this pur- near future to give material in full for pose;'" such a service. In the meantime sugges- tIOns may be found in "Fifty Missionary READINGS FROM MAGAZINES Programs" (United Society of Christian Endeavor, Boston, Mass., price 35 cents) The majority of missionary leaders and "Holding the Ropes" (Funk & have come to regard the reading of Wagnalls Company, New York, N. Y., magazine articles in the missionary meetprice $1.00). ing as a cardinal sin. And no wonder. The number of missionary meetings that CONVERSATIONS AND DISCUSSIONS have been hopelessly ruined by uninter- esting articles selected almost at random Where materi~l for one number only and carelessly read is greater than can of a program is needed, it is possible to be estimated. As a rule the articles in substitute for it, even at the very last the magazines, excellent as they are, are minute, a topic for conversation or dis- not well adapted for use as readings. But cussion in which many present are com- occasionally one is printed that is excelpetent to take some part. If the topic is lent for this purpose, and it is best not well chosen and the leader skillful, this to make hard and fast rules that would will prove very effective. The only trou- exclude its use. ble will be to limit it in length. It is amazing how eager people are to talk- One of the best emergency programs even those who ordinarily keep silent in that has come to our notice consisted of the meetings-when they are given the a series of articles from a number of difright kind of a chance. The following ferent missionary periodicals. It was topics would be suitable; worked up on a few hours' notice when the special speaker from a nearby city My favorite missionary book. The best missionary meeting I ever at- * "The Old Order Changeth," pages 153tended. What gave me my interest in missions. 156, and "Running Away Vith a Vidow," The best missionary sermon I ever heard. pages 244-248, in "Black Sheep," by Jean My favorite missionary speaker. Kenyon Mackenzie (Houghton Mimin Com- Memories of missionary conventions I have pany, Boston, $1.50 net). attended. Missionaries I have seen or known about. "A Wonderful Convention," chapter 27, Missionaries that have gone from our com- and "A Day On the Station," chapter 26, in munity. ""'inning a Primitive People," by Donald My neighbor's missionary society-what it Fr4ser (E. P. Dutton & Co" New York, $1.50 is doing. ,tt t). Missionary news items from the public press. "How Hsi Settled the Quarrel," pages 107- What I have read in a missionary maga- 1J3, and "How Mrs. Hsi Gave the Gos"el zine. to Hoh-chau," pages 138-140, in "Pastor Hsi, What the Bible says about missions. One of China's Christians," By Mrs. F. Howard Taylor, (China Inland Mission, READINGS FROM MISSIONARY BOOKS 64 "Test Chelten Avenue, Philadelphia. Price, cloth, $1.25; paper, 20 cents,) There is a vast storehouse of fascinating stories locked up in missionary books "Making Shoes for Jesus," pages 367-8 that can be tapped for emergency pro- and "A Little Malagasy Christian" pages grams if the books are at hand and the 174-178 in "Thirty Years in Madagascar," leaders familiar with their contents. Not by T. T. Matthews. (A. C. Armstrong and long ago a lady who was asked to supply Son, New York.) an entire program of an hour's length on two days' notice, did it by giving a series "A Motor Car Romance," pages 257-259; of delightful readings from well-known "Power Through Prayer," pages 293-297; missionary books. The audience enjoyed and "Royal Recognition," pages 303-308, in "Mary Slessor of Calabar," by W. P. Livingstone (George H. Doran Company, New York, $1.50 net.) "Going On Furlough," pages 210-213 and "How God Reckoned with the Munsiff," pages 322-325 in "Social Christianity in the Orient," by John E. Clough (The Mac- millan Company, New York, $1.50 net.)

was snowbound and could not meet his byterian missionary society came to us in appointment. A poem was read from great trouble. The lady in charge of one magazine, an editorial from another, the program for the next meeting-only four days away-was very ill and could an inspirational article from a third, a not go on with her preparations. The story from a fourth, and so on. Atten- topics were Alaska and the Philippines, tion was called to a number of inter- and many ways of meeting the emergency esting pictures, and at the close the maga- were suggested to this troubled presizines were passed around for inspection. dent. But though she expressed cordial The following articles recently printed approval of them all, nothing seemed to in THE lVIISSIONARY REVIEW would be just what she wanted. At last we discovered that the topics had been anmake excellent readings: nounced, and that if they were given up the failure would be too painfully ap- "A Bishop's Adventure in Mexico" (a parent. With many resources in the way reprint from The Spirit of Missions), of material at hand we were able to meet March, 1915. even these specific needs. A fine article by Robert E. Speer in THE MISSIONARY "The Gospel of the Plow in India," REVIEW, February, 1916, on "Progress April, 1915. in the Philippines," took care of this topic and a resume of the four brief chapters "A Kansas 'Cruise of Ointment,' " May, beginning with "The Romance of the 1915. Reindeer," in "The Alaskan Pathfinder," by Dr. J. T. Faris, was suggested for the "From Wigwam to Pulpit-A Red Man's other. Own Story of His Progress from Darkness to Light," May, 1915. The program proved a great success. Doctor Speer's article was very well read "Talks With Buddhist Priests," December, by a member intelligent enough to throw 1915. in a few illuminating comments of her own. And Doctor Faris' book proved "Breaking Vith Idols in India," Decem- so fascinating to the member who agreed ber, 1915. to take the Alaska topic, that instead of confining herself to one achievement of "What Missions Have Done for China," Sheldon Jackson's life, she gave a fine by His Excellency, Doctor V. K. Wellington presentation of his entire career. Koo, Chinese Minister to America, October, 1916. We were very glad to help this troub- led president, but with an emergency "Advertising the Gospel in Japan," note-book she could have solved her September, 1916. problem herself.

"Why the Church in Korea Grows," A prominent educator once gave a March, 1916. word of advice to a body of teachers that may well be heeded by missionary "Developments in Home Missionary program makers. Work," March, 1916. "Give your pupils to drink from a "How the Revival Came to China," running stream," he said. "Even anifarch, 1916. mals will turn away from a pool that is stagnant." "Wanted-A Missionary" (a reprint from The Missionary Herald), March, 1916. If you would always have something "Hallelujah Kim, the Japanese Billy Sun- fresh and inspiring to give to your day," May, 1916. society, keep adding to your own store "The Multiple Life of a Foreign Mission- of missionary knowledge. ary" (a reprint from The Missionary Record), May, 1916. If you would arouse interest in others, keep your own interest keen and "Mr. Chang of the Crystal Spring Vil- strong by feeding it on the marvellous lage," January, 1917. records of the history of missions, past as well as present. "Three Calls in the Night," February, 1917.

AN EMERGENCY NOTE-BOOK Since any leader may, at any time, be confronted with the problem of the emergency program, it is wise to prepare for it by keeping a note-book with references to material that would be use- ful under such circumstances-a list of "First-aids to injured missionary meetings," perhaps we might call it. An illustration of the value of this recently occurred in our own experience.

Not long ago the president of a Pres-

PROGRAMS FOR JiIm-WEEK MISSIONARY pelting rain, it means much for the spiritual quickening of the church." JiIEETINGS Among the programs were the follow- Some years ago, while pastor of the ing. Almost any church could carry First Presbyterian Church, Springfield, them out as successfully as the one in Ohio, the Rev. John Clark Hill, D.D., which they were originated: tried the experiment of putting the monthly mid-week missionary prayer An Evening with Missionary Boob meeting into the hands of the Woman's Missionary Society. The women agreed I. Devotional Service. to undertake it, and a committee of 2. Address: Missionary Literature. three members was appointed to take en- 3. Reading: "The Sinking of the Well" tire charge. The result was a series of meetings that filled the large lecture- (from the Autobiography of John G. room of the church and aroused very Paton). great interest. 4. Vocal Solo: "The Old, Old Story Is True." The programs were all built on the 5. Reading: "The Korean Boy" (from same general plan. At each of them "Korean Sketches," by James S. Gale), some prominent layman in the church 6. Reading: "God on the Rock" (from "On was asked to preside. The opening de- the Indian Trail," by Egerton Young. votional service, consisting of Scripture Given with blackboard). reading, prayer and two or more hymns, 7. Closing Exercises. was conducted by another layman, usually one of the elders. The closing *** exercises, though brief, were thoroughly devotional in character and formed a fit· Frayer and Its Answer on the Mission Field. ting climax to the whole. The body of the program, given by the very best tal- l. Devotional Service. ent the church afforded, consisted of 2. ANew Year's Prayer Meeting and Its brief addresses on mlsslOnary topics, readings from missionary books, and spe- Results (a Story of the Baptist Miscial music appropriate to the occasion, sion among the Telugus in India). everything being carefully selected with 3. Vocal Solo: "In the Secret of His Presthe twofold purpose of arousing mis- ence." sionary interest and deepening spiritual 4. Notable Examples of Amwered Pra'yer life. The pastor, tho he had noth- (given by seven persons). ing to do with the conduct of the meet- 5. Duet: "I Am Praying for You." ings, was always given a place on the 6. Reading: "In the Tiger Jungle" (from program. The fact that he was a reader book by Jacob Chamberlain). of rare power (not an elocutionist) 7. Closing Exercises. proved a great asset. * * .. As the meetings progressed both pastor and people became more and more Indian Tales from the Great Northwest. enthusiastic. "God bless those women!" wrote Doctor Hill in the church leaflet (Readings from "The Life of James Evans," after the third meeting. "Our monthly by Egerton R. Young.) missionary meetings are making a record in the church. There has been a grow- 1. Devotional Service. ing interest from the beginning of the new method. The meeting last W ednes- 2. Camping in the Snow Bank. day night was a solid testimony to the 3. Vocal Solo: "The Ninety and Nine." wisdom of the plan. When we can have 4. The Victory of the Sabbath-keeping Insuch a large and enthusiastic audience at a missionary meeting, in spite of a dians. 5. Hymn: "All Hail the Power of Jesus'

Name." 6. A Life for a Life. 7. Closing Exercises.

*** The Reflex Influence of Foreign Missions.

l. Devotional Service. 2. The Commercial Value of Missions (by a business man). 3. Vocal Solo: "Consecration." 4. The Contributions of Science to Missions (by a professional man). 5. Vocal Solo: "I Love to Tell the Story." 6. How An Individual Church Was Blest (the story of Pastor Harms). 7. The Experience of a Denomination (the growth of the Missionary Baptists and Decline of Anti-missionary Baptists). 8. Closing Exercises.

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY MRS. WM. H. FARMER, MONTCLAIR, N. J.

THE EDITOR'S MESSAGE GLIMPSES OF GINLING EVERY "missionary woman" (and [Address given at Garden City Confer- you are one if you read this) ence, January, 1917.] should take an inventory the first of June. The house is cleaned, the ward- MISS FREDERICA MEAD, robe replenished, and the patriotic gar- NANKING, CHINA den planted. It is equally important that missionary plans be overhauled and I LEFT Ginling just last June, and brightened. Are you a private? Then I want to bring you this afteroffer a gift of time and effort to some noon a little bit of an outline of our officer. Are you an officer? Then re- first year, of what I am hearing this member that you rank as an employer, year, and of our look into the future. and, by an axiom of the business world, it is the duty of every employer to find Perhaps some of you have read the some place where every person will fit. report of Mrs. Lawrence Thurston that told of our first year at college, and you Among your possible assets will be know that our feeling was that at the the following items: beginning there was a lot to work against. The girls arrived in our love- A week at a Summer school to study ly Chinese residence, and instead of bethe new study book, "An African Trail." ing perfectly delighted that they could be in one of their Chinese hous(;s, they Subscriptions to the MISSIONARY RE- were all very much disappointed. After VIEW OF THE WORLD, and your denomi- having been accustomed to great, big national magazine. mission buildings that are usually huge piles of brick put on the top of a hill Leaflets from the Board to use with where they have a view for miles around, the book on Africa, as well as posters, they found themselves hemmed in by a high brick. wall, with nothing to look How to Use, and J unior mat~rial. out on but the court yards, which are as beautiful as anything can be, but A list of missionary calls to be made. which did not appeal to them at the A committee willing to organize a local beginning at all. That prejudice had to federation, a new auxiliary, or to pre- be overcome, and because the feeling pare a wardrobe of Oriental costumes that they were in a very, very new place for dramatic presentation of missions. and in a Chinese house made some of them homesick, that had to be over- A visit to the missionary meeting of come. But as we went through the some other church for helpful program year, in our work together, in our play points. and picnics and good times, and through the spirit that came through our chapel, The introduction of the Missionary and through becoming friends with Hymnal (costing only 10 cents apiece) them, little by little the strangeness wore to your society or to some other where away and a great big love developed; a funereal chill could be cured by more and I went away from Ginling with inspiring music. thanksgivings for what had grown up in that year that was shown in those last Having taken account of stock, and eliminated all waste material by find- few weeks. ing some use for all indifferent, unat- As a little instance of this, I want to tached women and children, see that all supplies are actively circulated through tell you about the dinner to which the the summer months. June efforts may girls invited the faculty on one of the insure the success of September and last days, when the examinations were October. over, and they were waiting over Sun- "If you become a missionary, you may gather a little family about you for heaven, that would have been left out but for you." day before going horne. We did not been planted inside the evergreen trees. know what they were going to do nor How lovely it will be to walk between where we were going to have supper, them during the full bloom next month! but when the time came, I dressed in Last Saturday the tennis court was the Chinese costume that I was going marked again, and we are going to prac- to bring home (which pleased them all tice some in the afternoon. The old li- tremendously), and they led us out to brary has been arranged to be a social the garden, and there in the outdoor room;, with magazines and newspapers gymnasium they had arranged a great, in it. The number of books in the new big, round table where we all sat to- library has been greatly enlarged. Miss gether, and they served the Chinese Nourse has given some regulations for dishes that they had themselves cooked. keeping silence and for borrowing Girls that had been brought up in books." families where they had never had a chance to learn how to cook, just set to Then I hear from Miss Goucher. I it and worked their finger-tips off get- think a good many of you knew Eliza- ting together that Chinese supper, and I beth Goucher before she went out to do not know when I have ever had a China. I have had one lovely long let- meal that tasted better. Afterwards we ter from her, and this is the way she in- sat on the steps and benches watching troduces the new girls: the moon rise and having a dear evening together before our separation. "The ten new girls, one of them a sophomore from McTyiere (the South- You know we began last year with ern Methodist School in Shanghai) are • only nine students. This year we have strong, well prepared girls with pur- poses, this to an extent which rather fifteen, who represent all the denomina- distinguishes them from last year's tions whose Boards are co-operating in group, as a group. Of course the the college and who come from twelve sophomores are taking heaps of respon- different cities. That shows how our sibility, and seeing that things go, as power is broadening and what an op~­ only sophomores can." That gives you portunity we have at Ginling even a realization that we are advancing in though we still have very few students. the quality of the girls we are getting. We all thought we had a wonderful In telling you about this year, I group last year, but Miss Goucher can thought I would like to introduce you say that this year they are a step for- to some of the people that are out there, ward in having purposes. and try to have you get to know them a little bit by reading parts of letters Mrs. Thurston writes: that give the main impressions of our "The sophomores show a decided pur- second year. pose to impress the freshmen and are on their dignity and good behavior all the I want you first to meet Miss Wu, time. One gets some idea of how very who is one of the most brilliant girls I nice it will be when they are seniors. have ever met anywhere. She has been I feel as if God had answered our teaching in Pekin, but has had the long- prayers even beyond our asking in bring- ing to go to college, and when she heard ing this better spirit into our college that Ginling College was opening, real- life." That is certainly encouraging. ized that her desire was going to be You see this year they are beginning satisfied. I wish I could read the whole where we left off last year, and it is letter because I would just love to have going to make a tremendous difference in you know her better. the whole work." Miss Zee is a girl that I want you She is telling me the bits of news all to know about. She is from Shang- about college that she knew I would hai, has had greater opportunities than love to know. any of the other girls and is a wonder" ful pianist, and is looking fonvard to "The garden is much more beautiful a life of Christian service. She writes than last spring. Some roses have climbed up to the tops of the arbors, and two rows of chrysanthemums have

me about the little Sunday-school that it impossible to go. It means that I am was started last year: trusting that somehow or other the Uni- versity of Nanking will be able for this "I want to give you a report of the year to help fill in that big gap of the biology and chemistry that we had promfirst time we met this year. How many ised the girls. I wish I could read you children will you guess we had, with- part of Miss Wu's letter that refers to out looking at the following numbers? this same question in the sweetest way While we were cutting the pictures out just expecting that of course somebody will come. Noone has come yet, and for lessons, some said the children that is one of the two things that I want would not come because no one had even to bring before you this afternoon as a told them that we would begin our tremendous responsibility. Sunday-school this week. How could they come? Some said that they would There are five boards here represented not come because it was raining. But that are co-operating with Ginling, and when the time drew nigh, and eight of they can do whatever they want to. us went to the chapel, what do you think we saw? Children sitting quietly For each of these positions and for muin three rows. There were thirty-six all together. We felt so ashamed of sic we must find women who are up to our idle expectation. The children re- the task of bringing the highest that membered all the songs we had taught America has to give to these Chinese them. So, Miss Mead, I trust God girls. We need women with big vision will use us to accomplish something for and love of Christ, who are now doing, our neighbors here." or are trained to do, college teaching and who are going to leave big holes Then I come to the question of the when they go to Ginling College. If faculty. Last year there were four of us we can find those women and send them foreign teachers and two Chinese teach- there, we shall be carrying the Christ to ers. Miss Li, one of our Chinese faculty China. Because, as you know, many of members, is hot with us again this year. the most brilliant Chinese girls are now Miss Rivenberg, a Vassar graduate, coming here to America for higher eduhas gone out to take charge of the Bible cation, and they are not being prepared Department. So this year there are specifically for China's need as we are again four foreign teachers, but without praying that Ginling may prepare them. Miss Li we are lacking a teacher for science. It has just wrung my heart Another thing that I want to bring bethis winter to get these letters that look fore this gathering this afternoon is the forward, and hope forward, and then possibility of more than five Boards cohear that nobody has gone. This letter operating with Ginling. We have five came from Mrs. Thurston, and I want now. There were seven that got toyou to see the way she is taking this big gether to make the first plans, and I am burden and see if you cannot help her just trusting and praying that there will with it. soon be more than five and that the whole full sum of the Boards may little "I am not worried about things, but, by little be included. We want the of course, I have been unable to feel en- spirit of Christ to live in Ginling Col- lege, and it will, as each one of us makes tirely free of the sense of burden and of it a big motive power for our prayers. not being quite prepared to meet the demands which the students are making CENTRAL COMMITTEE NOTES upon the college. They are such dear girls, and they want what we promise Publications of the Central Committee them. It makes one feel dishonorable o.n the United Study of Foreign Misnot to give it to them. But this hope of sIOns. Miss Wang, added to the hope of getting Miss Lipscomb and looking for- THE new Federation pamphlet, givward to Miss Strasman later, makes it ing names of leading lecturers for very much easier." All those hoped-for ones have for the present, at least, found Summer schools and leaders of -institutes

prepared by Mrs. Charlotte E. Vickers, to discover whether or not there are a valuable list for leaders. Send a two within us latent resources hitherto uncent stamp to your Board for a copy. known; capacities for unselfishness in giving, self-sacrifice in serv:ng, and more A biographical sketch of Jean Kenyon faith in God's promise to help. Mackenzie with a review of "An African Trail" by Ellen C. Parsons. This should Interdenominational work, where dibe widely used. A two cent stamp will visions in the Lord's army are hidden secure it. from view, serves to emphasize our one- ness in Christ Jesus, and high over all "LIGHTING THE DARK CONTINENT," the various beliefs thAt divide Christians into denominations stands our common by Alice Parsons, a charming simple lit- faith in the one God as our Father, in tle play for juniors and young women's Christ as our one Saviour, and in the societies, illustrating "African Adven- Holy Spirit as our one Guide. turers," our junior study book; price per copy ten cents; postage one single copy MARY CLOKEY PORTER. two cents. $1.00 per dozen, postage included. The older juniors will find QUOTABLE BITS pleasure and profit in giving this as an entertainment. All these may be se- "That God has conditioned so largely cured from your Woman's Mission the extension, the progress and the fruit- Board or from M. H. Leavis, West fulness of His kingdom upon the faith- Medford, Mass. fulness and loyalty of His children in prayer, is at the same time one of the "I did not have time to prepare a deepest mysteries and one of the most paper for our Wednesday Morning Club wonderful realities." so took. 'An African Trail' and read two chapters to a group of our most intel- *** lectual women as yet uninterested in foreign missions. They were spell-bound A woman whose four sons were in and begged for more." the French armY entered the office where relatives are informed whether soldiers A Missionary Leader. are dead, wounded or unreported. She came away with a white face, evidently DOES IT PAY? forcing back the tears. To a friend on the sidewalk she said, "Yes, they are all D :JES it pay to expend time and safe. They are safe in the arms of the strength and means to attend In- Heavenly Father. I am proud to give terdenominational Conferences and Sum- all to the cause." mer Schools? Are some American mothers selfishly Yes! It certainly does! keeping in this country sons and daugh- Naturally,-working alone-we be- ters who ought to be giving their lives come so absorbed in our own denomina- to a greater and nobler cause? "All to tional work that we are apt to forget Jesus I. surrender" must mean human that there are other mission fields and as well as material possessions-our chilother workers besides our own. Attend- dren as well as our money and time. ance upon the Interdenominational Schools of Missions and Conferences *** lifts us out of ourselves; it broadens our vision of worldwide conquest; it enlarges "The World Alliance for Internaour hearts and begets sympathy with tional Friendship" stands for the chrisother denominations in their work; it en- tianizing of International. relations. riches our character by stimulating the Recognizing that Christian Missions are desire to do greater things for our Lord; vitally related to and dependent upon it sends us home with higher ideals for this International friendship, we recomour own church's work and with re- mend: ( 1) That the Federation innewed zeal to do our full part in efforts dorse the Alliance. (2) That the subto build up Christ's kingdom on earth. ject be presented at the Annual Meet- Coming into contact with great minds ings of the Boards and at the Summer along missionary lines prompts us to try Schools. (3) That we cooperate in the Alliance courses of "tudy.

AND MALAYSIA neighbors to the place where the

was lurking. On sight of the animal, "The Only School Worth Seeing" the missionary fired, killing it with two shots. A BOUT two weeks ago the Under Secretary of Education for Siam Tigers are more numerous in Nan visited Chieng Mai, and said to the mis- province than in the other parts of the sionaries : ' 'You need have no fear country occupied by the North Siam miswhatever that my Government will do sion. Government officials state that an anything in Chieng Mai calculated to average of one person a month is killed injure your educational work, or to in Nan province by tigers. Missionaries weaken your school. Such a course on an evening walk through the city of would indicate naught but ingratitude N an sometimes spy the feline form or and folly on the part of the Govern- gleaming eyes of a man-eating tiger, and ment." He went on to say "th~t the the animals even enter the house yards Government was grateful for what is of the missionaries. being done by the Presbyterian mission schools, and had every hope and desire Islam in the Malay Peninsula for the success of our work." I N A. D. 1276, Mohammedanism was The principal of Prince Royal's Col- introduced into lVl alacca. The lege, a Presbyterian missionary school Census of 1911 gives the number of for boys in Chieng Mai, Siam, writes: Moslems in the Straits Settlement and Federated Malay States as 673,159. Of "We have now reached our maximum these 633,732 are Malays and the repossible enrollment, until further funds mainder chiefly Indians and Arabs with can be secured for buildings and equip- a few Chinese. ment. 'Ve have the endorsement of all classes as never before. The Viceroy The Islam of the Malays is very said to Dr. Norris of the Rockefeller superficial. Old Indonesian and Hindu International Health Commission, in gods are still sometimes worshipped unanswer to his request to see the govern- der other names, and, in times of trouble ment schools: 'The only schools worth especially, the Malay shows that he beseeing here are the mission schools.' " lieves in devils, familiars, omens, ghosts, >orceries and witchcraft. Where Missionaries Meet Tigers Few of these Malay Moslems under- M ISSIONARIES in north Siam are stand the Arabic language in which the occasionally called on to help pro- Koran is recited and, although the Tra- ditions have been translated into Malay, tect the lives and property of the people they are seldom read.

from the ravages of tigers and other sav- Polygamy is rare among the poorer Malays and the purdah system was not age beasts. Indeed, the recent annual introduced with Mohammedanism, but the position of women is lower now than meeting of the North Siam mission in under the old Indonesian customary law.

Nan was disturbed by a half-grown Here, as elsewhere, l!lohammedanism is antagonistic to national progress. Bengal tiger's invasion of the very city. Very little has been done towards teach- ,v. Dr. ing the "Better Way" of life. H. Beach, one of the Pres- Thanks to the British and Foreign byterian missionaries, was on his way Bible Society, the American Methodist Mission and others, the whole Bible, the from his home to the meeting place of the mission one afternoon, when some of his neighbors ran up to him, appeal- ing for his help in killing a tiger that had entered that part of the city. Re- turning to the house, Dr. Beach took his Mauser rifle and followed his Laos

FROM MANY

Book of Common Prayer and a few six thousand converted people came to tracts have now been translated into the mission almost in a mass at Ragapur. Malay, and some Christian teaching has The handful of pastors are struggling been given to a few of the Moslem Ma- to instruct, organize, evangelize them, lays, though most of the mission work but it is difficult with an illiterate peocarried on is amongst the heathen ple, though each pastor takes twelve to Chinese and Indian immigrants of this twenty villages and itinerates continucountry.-The Moslem World. ally. "The people implore more preach- ers, organize class meetings and praying Head Hunters in School bands and schools, build rude meeting- houses, and do all that is possible in ex- BITTER rebels against the govern- treme poverty," writes Rev. Geo. O. ment, a fierce and bloodthirsty tribe Holbrooke of Viharabad. "They are a very musical race, and thev learn and of. head-hunters, nomadic, yet hard- assimilate the hymns rapidly. David working, the Dyaks of Borneo are the translates and composes them admirably, last people one would think of as going and they fly from village to village. docilely to school. Nevertheless, a The people long to be set free from the group of Dyak boys are now studying demons and witches of the past, and all the Dyak and English languages, draw- the miserable accompaniments of caste, ing, woodwork, gardening and drill in child marriage, and consequent immorthe Methodist mission school at Sara- ality and short life. Caste means inwak, Borneo. The first step was taken evitable and extreme poverty and diswhen a Dyak chief paid the missionaries ease of the majority. a ceremonious visit and asked them to travel up his river so that he might be "Complicated with this year's war protected against evil birds, dreams and taxes in natiorial defense, disease has spirits; and how their astonishment grew broken out all over India in the plague. when he came again and said that his people wanted to follow the white "Christianity has extraordinary power man's customs and wished to send to to unite, uplift, relieve; preaching is the school a few boys of the tribe. necessary, but rapid growth depends on Three boys came, then suddenly disap- its passing from neighbor to neighbor in peared, to return later with four com- a community. Our Bible school men rades-seven boys straight from the live on dry rice at five cents a ·day ; speak jungle and jungle life, with long bushy out with eloquence and forc'e, stimulate hair that had never known a comb, and each other in the work; and soon graduwith no knowledge of any civilized cus- ate and are· out as preachers. The mistoms, coming into the neat mission sta- sion unites them for a new life, rouses tion with barely clothing enough to make them to higher thought, fills them with them presentable at a boys' swimming graver purpose. The Spirit which has hole. fallen upon them divides to every man as he wills, and a nation seems indeed to The missionaries knew no Dyak, and be born in a day, nor is anything Im- Ii ttle about this wild folk, yet after four possible to them that believe." months in school these boys have learned to read, write, sing and talk both Dyak Redeeming Robber Tribes and English.

INDIA, BURMA AND CEYLON A BOUT a year ago the REVIEW re- ported that the Marathi Mission of An Hundredfold Harvest in India the American Board was about to make an arrangement with the Government of CHRISTIANITY has been spreading India to conduct work for the robber widely in the Deccan this past year. tribes in Sholapur similar to that which the Madura Mission has been ,carrying The times have been hard on account of on so successfull y in South India. Word the war, and people long for something on which they can really depend. About

has now come that in April the mission finer examples in the world. Five so- expected to be entrusted by the Govern- cieties in the United States, one Cana- ment with the entire charge of the work dian, and six British societies are co- which had been carried on by Mr. operating upon equal terms-twelve Starte, an Englishman, but which he felt missions in all.

had grown too large for him to handle alone. There are now about three Facts About the Mass Movements T thousand people who have thus been put HE Mass Movement towards Chrisunder the teaching of the mission. Mr. Starte had been remarkably successful in tianity among the depressed classes winning the confidence of these criminal is at the present time the dominating tribes which were originally among the fact in the missionary situation in India,"

wanderers of India's population, and writes J. H. Oldham, in The Interna- who were not only a menace to any com- tional Review of Missions.

munity, but also a great expense to the There are fifty millions of people in government. He feels very strongly these depressed classes, and the Christian that the only way to permanent reform Church today has access to them all.

is by educating the children, and the mis- These lower classes are the founda- sion will devote itself especially to this tion on which the whole Hindu social phase of work. life rests. If we can win these fifty mil- lions, we shall have made the winning of TUnion Work in South India the remaining millions comparatively easy.

HE past few years have seen strik- Where we now have the most suc- ing advances along the line of or- cessful work among the depressed classes, ganized missionary union effort in South we have the door widest open to the India. First of all is that well-known higher castes.

undertaking, the South India United The people affected by the Mass Church. This includes the American Movement are in the villages, chiefly Board (Congregational) , the Arcot agriculturists rooted to the soil. They Mission (Dutch Reformed), the United are a permanent factor in the life and Free Church of Scotland and the Lon- work of this land, and do not need to don Missionary Society, both in South become Christians in order to get a liv- India and Travancore. ing.

The recent evangelistic campaigns More than 90 per cent. of the Chris- represent union effort at its best and tian community has COme from the de- their influence has been felt in quarters pressed classes.

far outside the Church itself. The The Methodist Episcopal Church bap- Union Theological College of Banga- tized 40,000 people last year, where it lore has a staff of four specially able might have had 100,000. What will be- Europeans (Danish Lutheran, Wesleyan, come-what has become of the 60,000 and Congregationalists, American and they failed to baptize?

British) well qualified in theory, but For lack of funds, for want of Indian peculiarly strong in their practical evangelists, pastors and teachers, want of knowledge of pastoral work and its daily missionaries to supervise new work, and needs. Quite as important is the pres- for lack of means to provide either secu- ence of one or two Indians of special lar or religious instruction for the wait- distinction. Such men, even had the ing thousands, the Methodist Church in money been forthcoming, could probably India is having to refuse baptism to never have been brought together by any thousands of waiting, expectant people.

denomination. The new Women's Fifty millions of people may be saved Christian College, in Madras, is prob- or may be lost, in India. The whole ably the finest example of co-operative Church is responsible for the outcome, work in India, and there can be few not merely the missionaries on this field.

7] NEWS FROM MANY

Baby Girls in India THE CHINESE REPUBLIC T HE reports of reform movements Dollars Instead of Chinese Taela which come from India should not make one forget that heathen customs, T HE Shanghai Chamber of Comsuch as the killing of girl babies, still merce is reported to have started a control the lives of the mass of the peo- movement which will eventually lead to ple. A woman missionary in Bengal the substitution of the dollar for the writes : tae!. Before the establishment of the re- public, all business transactions, both "An old woman I have often visited official and private, were made in .taeIs. in a near village told me last week that In 1911 the government ordered the suba neighbor, who was then sitting beside stitution of the dollar in all government her, had had a little girl born, and as transactions. This order was carried she already had two others and one son, into effect in a number of provinces, but she did not want another girl, and de- the tae! continued to be popular in busicided to put an end to it. The elder ness circles in Shanghai. Owing to the woman said, 'You shall not do it; it is numerous disadvantages of the tael sysvery wrong,' and she succeeded in pre- tem resulting from lack of uniformity, venting the mother from committing the fluctuation in value, etc., the Shanghai crime. Another is feeling very troubled district chamber of commerce and the that she has killed three of her girls. heads of influential banking houses have About a year ago another was born, and determined to stop its use, and to this she was determined to save its life, but end have organized a committee to make she said, 'You would never believe what arrangements. a storm there was in this house for two days with my husband and his mother The Shih Pao, a leading Shanghai veragainst me because I was determined nacular paper, commenting on the movethis girl should live,' and she is living. ment, says: I suppose there is scarcely a family where one or more girls have not been "China has been the most backward put away like this, among the Sikhs here, country in the world in currency reform. at any rate." The new movement to adopt the dollar as the standard currency is calculated to Among Indian Christians improve the business system of this city, and for that reason it should receive the REV. S. M. WHERRY of the Pres- hearty support of all concerned." byterian mission in the Punjab, writes: A New Station Opened "All over India, among the Christians, REV. Z. C. BEALS, on returning to there is great preparation for the evan- China with his wife after furlough, gelistic campaign, and we are all hoping much from it-because we believe opened up a new station at Hochow, in prayer being answered, and many are thirty miles north of Wuhu, where they working for this who will not, or did had previously spent twenty years. They not, see that they needed to help the rented a building for a chapel and work of missions. Pray that the Chris- bought land for a home in April. In tians everywhere may feel their need August Mrs. Beals died, and her husand realize their responsibil.ity for bring- band wrote some months later: ing this great land to Jesus. There seems to be great demand for the Gos- "I am alone in Hochow, yet not pels and Bibles. At a fair one day, we alone, as He is with me. The work is thought we had taken a great many most interesting and hopeful. On Ocbooks with us, but we could have sold tober 12 we examined the candidates for nearly twice the number if we had had baptism, and found fifteen who had them with us." given up idolatry and were accepting the true God. That afternoon we had the glorious privilege of baptizing them. The first one to come forward was a

man of seventy-five years. He was so lend their influence and active support glad he had heard about salvation before to it. Leading men and organizations it was too late. It is a joy to hear him throughout the country are now sending pray and testify. If no one else were to the Council on Public Health invitasaved here I would feel repaid for all tions to conduct campaigns in their cities trials and losses; but there are others, and towns. just as earnest, who are also rejoicing in this salvation, and thirty-five inquirers Besides the formal health campaigns who are now preparing for baptism. conducted by Dr. Peter, the Council on Seven months ago these were in heathen Public Health extends its educational darkness and never heard of Christ, and work throughout China through a now at least thirty are truly saved, and "Health Publicity Bureau" and a "Nathe work is only just begun. tional Lantern-Slide Exchange." The Publicity Bureau prepares newspaper "We are planning to build a church articles on health subjects. and twice a here at Hochow that will accommodate month "copy" is sent out to as ma,ny seven hundred persons. The Chinese to- newspapers and schools as agree to use day are ready for the Gospel. Never in it. At present about 150 newspapers are all my twenty-five years' experience have printing the articles. I found them so willing to hear and re- A New Magazine for Chinese Women cel.ve. "

Public Health Work in China T HE National Young Women's Christian Association of China has pUBLIC health education in China issued its Young Women's Magazine. is now being carried on by the Coun- all but the Table of Contents of which is printed in Chinese. cil on Public Health, an organization formed for the specific purpose and rep- The first issue contains a letter from resenting three great institutions-the the national secretary; a summer con- China Medical Missionary Association, ference write-up; an article by Miss the National Medical Association of Yung Mei Chun, Wellesley, national China, a professional organization, and secretary for physical education; edithe Young Men's Christian Association. torial matter; Association news items It is out of the health department, so and a Bible study course. There are successfully carried on by the Y. M. C. several illustrations, three of Chinese secretaries, the Foochow summer con- A., that this larger work has grown. ference and the Shanghai gymnasium.

Its secretary, Dr. W. W. Peter, first a The cover carries the names of the medical missionary and then an Associa- national committees, the national secretion secretary, is constantly going up and taries and the list of local secretaries in down the length and breadth of the Shanghai, Tientsin, Canton, Peking, Middle Kingdom telling thousands how Foochow and Nanking. We wonder flies kill people, how filth in houses and how soon this latter list will be too long streets is as dangerous as poison, how to admit of its publication in the small the "coughing sickness" ( tuberculosis) space of the outside cover.-Association can be avoided, relieved and controlled, Monthly. how plague can be prevented, and other vitally interesting things about public Touring With Ding Li Mei and private health. M R. BRASKAMP of China writes Dr. Peter has conducted "health cam- of an evangelistic tour which he paigns" in fifteen of the leading cities of recently made in company with Pastor China within the last year and a half. Ding Li Mei. Between 175,000 and 200,000 people have attended the meetings and seen the "At Hwangsien we held six days of exhibits. Officials have become deeply services. Weeks had previously been interested in the work and are glad to spent in prayer in anticipation of our

FROM MANY LANDS

coming. There was a great outpouring with business acquaintances. As one of the Spirit. Cards were distributed missionary has put it, "It is simply going pledging, {irst, to read one chapter in back to the simple effectiveness of the the Old and New Testaments every early Church when all those who were day; second, to join a prayer circle; of the way led others into the way, and third, to win at least one soul to Christ. church membership was multiplied in- At these meetings seventy-six made pub- stead of added."-The Continent.

lic confession and sixteen decided to take up evangelistic work. Our next stop- Disturbances in Chen-tu ping place was to be Laichou-fu, sixty REPORTS came recently from the miles further on. The time we spent in province of Szechuan, to the effect wayside inns was put to a good use. As that Chinese robbers have been terrorhe was lying on his kang (Chinese bed) izing the country in which many British he took out his prayer list of 1,000 and American missionaries are working. names. My number was 666 on the Mr. Stark, secretary of the China Inlist. At Laichou-fu we held three days land Mission at Shanghai reports that of services. Forty men and forty the country in general is now tranquil, women gave testimonies. Then on to though robbers are active in some places. Ping-du for four days of meetings. Four The efforts of the Government to estabhundred were there present at one serv- lish order seem to be effective and deice. At Wei-Hsien fifty-two signed tachments of soldiers have been sent to cards promising to follow Christ. As a search for poppy fields and to punish result of these meetings many university offenders against the anti-opium law. students and two Chinese professors are planning to enter the Theological Sem- Fifty Years in Chefoo inary in the near future. One hundred and eighty-four 'promise cards' were F IFTY years ago last autumn the signed, pledging an earnest effort to Presbyterian mission in Chefoo, bring 379 unconverted friends to Christ. China, was founded by Rev. Hunter Such an experience as this makes us feel Corbett, D.D., who is still living to see that the time is near when He, whose the growth and development of the work right it is to reign, shall reign over this in the half century. In 1865 the first needy land." three converts from heathenism ani idolatry were baptized. The following Home-Made Evangelism year the membership had increased to 20 "H and the congregation was formally or- OME-MADE evangelism" is the ganized into a church with one elder an:l purpose of the effort set apart in one deacon. The session records show China this year under the direction of the names of 1,902 adults as having been the Forward Evangelistic Movement. received into the church and 472 chil- Every church to be counted as cooper- dren baptized. The great majority of ating in the campaign must pledge each those received have been a power for member to do some specified piece of good. Many Christian families were work, and make evangelism a continuous, established and the children educated progressive activity on the part of mem- and trained for service. Two of these bers. In the past there have been special lads have become elders in the church, leaders or evangelists who have held a and are successful men of business. lib- series of meetings for a stated period, eral in their church contributions and but this time the work is to be done en- service for good. One of them has as- tirely by the Christians of China. sisted five young men with their educa- Emphasis is laid on the point of con- tion, provides the salary of an evangelist, tact, and the members are shown how and lately gave $1,500 Mexican to pur- many points of contact they have in chase a lot for the city Young Men's their families, with immediate friends, Christian Association.

JAPAN-CHOSEN have passed through the institution since it was founded, and about 200 are now A Patriot's View of Christianity be:ng cared for. Mr. Kobashi, writing of the work, says: T HE Christian Literature Society of Japan is issuing a series of evan- "Our original scope was to give prigelistic tracts· by Japanese writers which mary education in a Christian atmoshave circulated by the hundreds of phere, and to send the children into the thousands and have won the commenda- world as good citizens of society as well tion of critical Japanese readers. In one as faithful members of the Church. of these, entitled "Why I Am a Chris- After many years' experience, however, tian," Col. T. Oshima of the Imperial we have come to realize that our educa- Japanese Army tells how his prejudice tion does not sufficiently meet the deagainst Christianity was overcome by the mands of society, as to proper training lives of two fellow-officers and how for the conditions of the modern indusfinally not only he but several members trial age. In order to secure their fuof his family were converted. His views ture, we ought to furnish them proper on the val lie of Christianity to Japan are industrial education, such as manual of interest: training, cooking and sewing, as armor for the battle of life. "I believe that Christianity is the mightiest dynamic for individual, social "To meet this demand we are forced and national regeneration. Men who to expand our institution, and we need are possessed by it will, each in his own $lO,OOO."-The Spirit of Missions. way, through a thousand channels work out the will of God. Christ may mani- Industrial Conditions in Japan fest His power in one way in an Occidental and in another way in a Japanese, A REPORT on industrial conditions according to his needs and his character- in modern Japan prepared by the istics, but it is everywhere the power of social welfare committee of the Conferthe same universal Christ. Obedience to ence of Federated l1issions, embodies a Christianity will give us true morality striking array of figures showing the and a sound soci~ty and state. As a pa- rapid transition of the Japanese from triot I not only believe in Christianity an agricultural and rural people to an for myself but I pray above all things industrial and urban status. that. m~; fellow countrymen may follow Chnst. In 1883 Japan had only 125 factories, employing 15,000 hands. Today it has The "Widely Loving Society" 20,000 factories employing a million working people. Since 1880 practically T HE philanthropic institution known all its principal cities have more than in Japan as "The Widely-Loving trebled their population. The annual Society" was established in 1890 by K. shift of factory recruits from country to Kobashi, who was one of the earliest city homes is estimated at a third of a members of the Protestant Episcopal million. Practically all of these. give Church in that country. At first he up fairly healthful conditions of rural opened his own house to orphan children, life for low, damp, cheaply built houses as many as it could hold, offered his situated in the most objectionable city farm for their activities and took care of sections, usually on flats subject to floods, them as his own children as to their and without drainage. Sleeping quarters education and tram mg. After four are everywhere crowded and most bedyears he died, but the work was carried ding is used twenty-four hours a day by on by his brother. In 1899 gifts from different shifts of workers. Practically Americans, as well as Japanese, made it all factory employes labor twelve hours possible to secure a farm two miles from a day, and some even sixteen. Factories the city of Osaka. Over 600 children are seldom ventilated and almost none have safety devices. In many establish-

FROM MANY LANDS 47

ments 8 per cent. of the workers are that is the Korean way, and I am in- children, mostly girls. Tuberculosis is clined to think it is rather on the aposstartlingly prevalent, especially among tolic style. the women workers of the spinning and weaving mills. "The very first one to rise on that cold morning at 3 :30 was a woman in The Sabbath and the Mill Owner hllsiness, who confessed to stating false prices for things she sold, and lying quite T HE richest man in a Japanese vil- consistently in a thoroughly Orien'al lage, the owner of a paper mill, vay. She wept long and loud and we came to the mission hospital at Yama- all prayed for her sins. In a moment guchi, a few miles distant, for treatment. a man rose and confessed to hating hi, He was paralyzed in both legs, and hi~ wife, who was not a Christian. His sob; case was a hopeless one, but while in the shook the house as he referred to my hospital he learned to know Christ. He ~~crmon, 'Vhere is Abel Thy Brother?' returned home, and at the first occasion and told how God had smote him in the Rev. H. C. Whitener, the mission- those words. One school teacher who, ary in charge, visited the man in COI11- )ears ago, had embezzled school funds pany with one of the Yamaguchi elders. while still a heathen and teaching in a They had supper together, and the mis- heathen school, confessed his guilt and sionary told about keeping God's Sab- is going to repay the amount with inbath. The mill owner never had heard terest. And so it went on, during thTe~ this before, but said if it was God's will for him to keep it, he would. So the seSS.Ions. " next morning, Sunday, he sent orders early to close down the big steel water Sunday-schools for All Ages wheel that ran the mill, so that all the workmen might keep the Sabbath. It T HE churches in Korea arc gradually marked an epoch in the village to shut awakening to the possibilities of the down the only public works of the place, children's Sunday-schools. This has been and the silent sermon preached was un- hard to hring about because the Korean derstood. Nearlv all the workmen in the has for centuries reverenced old age anl mill are Christi;n now, thollgh not ~ et neglected childhood. One event which baptized. At a meeting which Mr. has had a great deal to do with this Whitener held during his visit to the vil- awakening; is the movement, which belage, 150 were present and stayed till gan in 1912, to reach the children of after midnight. non-Christian parents, and this has al- readr brought into the Church thuusands "Confession Meetings" in Chosen of ~hildren, and, more slowly, many adults. Such schools are usually begun A STIRRING revival is reported III in non-Christian villages, wherever the a prosperous little town not very use of a building can be obtained. far from Haij!, Korea, according to These Sunday-schools frequently form Rev. Paul L. Grove: the nucleus of a new church.

"After manv dars of preparation, we Since there is not room in many of had what we ~all 'Confession Meetings,' the Sundav-schools to have separate sesin which those burdened with sin con- sions for the children and adults. it has fessed their sins before men and received been necessary to have three Sundaypardon from God. The first meeting; school sessions each Sunday: first the was held on a Sunday morning from men's, then the children's, and then the 3 :30 to 6 :30. It was odd to get up in women's, so that each Sunday from 9 :30 the middle of the night and go to a. m. to 1 :30 p. m. is given up to Sunchurch, preach a sermon, spend several day-school work, and the preaching servhours among weeping and stricken peo- ices are held at 3 and 7 p. m. This ple, and then go back to bed again. But would be an excellent program for many churches in England and America.

NORTH AMERICA vation, and of Sunday-school institutes and conventions. In many cases the Grace Dod,ge Memorial Fund County Associations have invited the furlough missionaries to be special guests A MEMORIAL Endowment Fund at their spring conventions. This plan of $1,000,000 was gathered in con- should be mutually helpful. nection with the Young Women's Christian Association Jubilee to commemo- The foreign students are being reached rate the work of Miss Grace H. Dodge, principally through the Young Men's the first president of the National Board. Christian Association Student Secre- The Jubilee records show 16,000 pledges taries of the various colleges and unimade from Associations in all of the versities, who are co-operating in the eleven fields. The smallest gift was the distribution of Sunday-school literature sum of four cents; the largest was and information among the foreign stu- $500,000, and by the time of the next dents. annual meeting one million dollars had been contributed. Oriental Students in America This is a part of the permanent en- MR. CHARLES D. HURREY, secdowment fund which the National retary of the committee of the Board is endeavoring to raise as a financial foundation to prosecute a vigorous Young Men's Christian Association to work among the 10,000,000 young promote friendly relations among forwomen of the United States, many eign students made an extensive trip groups of whom cannot as yet be in- during the winter to the Pacific coast. cluded in the Association program. He summarizes some of his impressions as follows: As the home base is more adequately endowed the American Associations can "That the Japanese-American relaextend their work in those foreign coun- tionship question is most urgent; that tries where the magnificent achievements it is aggravated by American traders of the Young Men's Christian Associa- who are determined to prevent J apantion call persistently for a correspond- ese from promoting trade in China or ing advance by the woman's movement. in the United States. Writers and edi- tors also stir up much anti-Japanese Training Sunday-school Leaders feeling by publishing untrue and sensa- tional articles. The policy of the A PLAN for the Sundav-school train- Young Men's Christian Association in ing of leaders for the foreign field is California in excluding Japanese from being developed by the American section full membership privileges and the disof the World's Sunday School Associa- crimination against them in many restion. Three groups are included in this taurants, hotels, and other public places training department, namely, missionaries are responsible for much bad feeling. on furlough in America; missionary candidates for the foreign field, and students "That by organizing Chinese, J apanfrom foreign countries. ese, and M6xican Young Men's Chris- tian Associations we can do more to de- A list of over 650 furlough mission- velop Christian character among such aries has been received through the va- people and to promote international rious Foreign Mission Boards. A let- friendship than by trying to admit them ter is sent to each missionary, giving a freely into the American Associations. suggested list of books on Sunday-school methods and organization. Through the "That secretaries of student and other Sunday School Association of the state Young Men's Christian Associations on and county in which the missionary re- the coast should be urged to give more sides, he receives a set of the State'Sun- attention to young men from Russia, day-school literature, and is advised of India, the Philippines and Korea." good nearby Sunday-schools for obser- In this connection read the interesting article by T. T. Lew (page 440).

FROM MANY LANDS

Ten Millions for Relief prostitution and illegal liquor traffic. Evidence gathered by the Law Enforce- T HE American Committee for Syrian ment League was given publicity and a and Armenian Relief has passed the community mass meeting was held. $3,000,000 mark: and is seeking $10,- About 300 women of the "segregated 000,000 to meet the crying need ~f district" asked for an interview with starving Syrians and Armenians. It IS Mr. Smith and claimed that they were not expected that this work will be victims of social and economic conditions. stopped by the entrance of America into On being asked how many would accept the war. Although diplomatic relations honest employment at eight or ten dolhave been broken with Turkey relief lars a week they scornfully refused to work may be continued through Swedish consider less than $25. A kindly recommittees. Most of the Turks are ception in the church was offered to all clearly friendly toward America. who would repent and "sin no more," but met with no response. As a result Miss Caroline Holmes, who has spent of the mass meeting, where 7,000 gath· 32 years in Turkey, estimates that of ered and more were turned away, the the 750,000 inhabitants of Syria ten Mayor agreed to appoint a "Vice Comyears ago only about 500,000 remain. mission," orders were issued abolishing The others have died in war or from many vicious customs, more than two illness, or have joined the Turkish hundred houses in the segregated disarmy. The need for immediate relief tricts were closed and for the first time is great. in half a century San Francisco ceased officially to recognize and tolerate com- Gospel Work for War Prisoners mercialized vice. Let churches in other cities go and do likewise. T HE. American Gospel Committee (Bible House, New York) that has Immigrants to Read the Bible been distributing Gospels and Christian tracts to evangelize the Russian A NEW distinction for the Bible is the prisoners in Germany has already spent adoption of it by the United States about $30,000 for this purpose. A Immigration Bureau as the book on Swedish committee is representingAmeri- vhich each incoming alien will be tested can givers and hundreds of thousands of to see if he can meet the requirement evangelical tracts have been distributed. of the latest immigration law for abil- The results are most encouraging. In ity to read in at least his native lansome camps churches of evangelical guage. The bureau chief is at pains to believers have been formed and the explain that he has not thus selected the Christians are doing personal work. It Bible for any religious reason, but mereis now proposed to broaden the scope ly because it is the one book available in of the work of the committee, in view all the divers tongues and dialects of recent developments in Russia, and ~poken by the multitudes who knock at to continue the evangelical work among America's gates. Moreover, the Bible Russians at the close of the war. "Now is always translated into common rather is the accepted time" for reaching than literary speech, and those who can awakened Russia with the Gospel. read at all cannot fail to manage its simpler passages. But no Christian citi- Cleaning Up San Francisco zen will consider it altogether an inci- dental and unimportant thing that at W HAT Christians working together the moment of introduction to his new can do to clean up social cess- homeland the arriving stranger is to find pools is shown by the success of Rev. the Bible the first book put in his hands Paul Smith and the San Francisco Fed- by representatives of the American goveration of Churches. The Central ernment. And the passages chosen for Methodist Church sent a letter to the president of the police commission cal~ing attention to the openness of gamblwg,

the reading test may well leave a lasting the pride you feel that you come from influence on the mind of the new set- the first of all Americans." The new tkr in America. citizen is then addressed by the white An Enterprising Congregation name he is henceforth to bear, and is asked to take hold of the handles of a I N Butte, Montana, there is a Chi- plough. This act is interpreted to him nese llission which has been very as signifying that the white man lives successful for several years. Vhen the by work. A purse is next given to him rmsslOnaries returned last fall after va- as a reminder that the money gained cation, on the opening night of the from labor must be wisely kept, and school they found to their intense sur- lastly, there is put into his hands "the prise that the church had been painted flag of a hundred million free men and inside and out, all the furniture had been women, of whom you are now one." He revarnished, and a new piano had been repeats a promise to be faithful to the installed. This had been done by the requirements of American citizenship, Chinese themselves with slight assist- and there is placed upon his breast the ance from a few of their American badge of his new status.~Christian friends who were interested. The work Work.

is progressing well and the attendance Medical Students in Labrador has greatly increased. T HE best-known hospitals established The Churches and the Indians by Dr. Wilfred Grenfell in Labra- RELIGION among the Indians is dor are at Indian and Battle Harbors, thus commented on by an exchange: They are two hundred miles apart, and half way between them are the Spotted "There are 325,000 people in the United Islands with a population of several States who are classed as Indians. Less thousand people. Until 1912 their nearthan forty per cent. of them confess the est medical aid was eighty-five miles Christian religion; about one-half of away, with the only way to get there in these are' claimed by the Roman Catho- times of emergency by small boat along lic Church and the remainder by the one of the most treacherous coasts on Protestant denominations. Among these earth. Once in a while a missionary the Northern Presbyterians have 9,000, teacher carne to spend a few weeks there, the Episcopalian~ 7,000; the Baptists but that was all in the way of help from 5,408 and the Methodists 5,300. the outside. All this is changed now, How an Indian Becomes a Citizen for the care of these people has been taken over by the P. and S. Club of the T HERE is an interesting symbolism in School of Physicians and Surgeons of the picturesque ceremonial that is Columbia University, in the summer followed when a native Indian is re- time. leased from the paternal care of the Indian Bureau and admitted to the full Two members of the class of 1918 responsibilities of American citizenship. spent last summer at Spotted Islands and The representative of the Department, conducted a club room and social center calling upon him by his Indian name, in the little building which serves as hands him a bow and arrow, and in- both hospital and chapel. Services were structs him to shoot the arrow. When held in the chapel twice a day, however, he has shot it, he is told: "You have and were well attended.

shot your la~t arrow. That means that LATIN AMERICA T you are no longer to live the life of an A Pan-American Labor Union Indian. You are from this day forward HE American Federation of Labor to live the life of a white man. But you may keep that arrow. It will be to has issued from its headquarters in 'you a symbol of your noble race and of Vashington a manifesto printed in Eng-

FROM MANY LANDS

lish and Spanish, signed by Samuel much that is harmful and pernicious. Gompers, president, John Murray, sec- Free thought, spiritualism, and some very retary, by a labor man from Porto Rico, peculiar socialistic ideas are being prop- and another from Yucatan, calling for agated." the adherence to its principles of all labor organizations throughout the two The ·Methodist missionaries also re- Americas. These men are the confer- port that in the PlIebla district two in- ence committee for a proposed pan- stitutes have had an attendance of over American labor union that will estab- 600 pupils, and 17 day schools with lish a new bond between the various re- three primary schools have had 1,200 publics of the Western world. Here are pupils. .:'Iany children have had to be some of the things advocated: "Higher turned away. A higher moral level is wages, shorter work days, more safe and also noticeable among normal students sanitary con,ditions in places of employ- and the interest in intellectual progress ment, better surroundings, prohibition is grea ter than e'er. of child labor." Also "legislative enactments to maintain equal rights-the Prohibition in Peru right of association; the right of fiee assemblage; the right of free speech; the PORFlRIO ADAN, member of the right of free press; the right, singly or ayuntamiento or council of Lima, collectively, to withhold labor-that is, to strike." Many thoughtful observers Peru, a well-known merchant in South believe that social conditions are ripe for America, has broug;ht to the United the enthusiastic acceptance of all these States news of a far reaching, organized throughout most of Latin America. and determined effort by the Peruvian government to wipe out the manufac- The Open Mind in Mexico ture, use and sale of intoxicating liquors in that country. "Intemperance has be- R EV. L. B. NEWBERRY says that come a serious problem in Peru," said missionaries to Mexico now are Senor Adan, at New Orleans, "especialhaving unusual opportunities to distrib- ly in the mining regions, and the governute evangelical literature, especially ment has asked the state, city and town tracts. authorities to help the federal govern- ment to wipe it out. The national gov- "The revolution has contributed to- ernment has offered a prize of $500 gold ward the destruction of fanaticism. The for the best textbook teaching tempereyes of many have been opened. The ance to be used in the public schools. spirit of investigation has been stirred up, The author of the book will receive a The people seem to be willing to read roralty, and study of the book will be whatever is put into their hands, Ten compulsory in all schools, public or priyears ago, when I came to the field, to vate. lVfeanwhile strict laws soon will distribute tracts required courage as well be passed, forbidding the importation or as zeal. They were frequently received manufacture of liquors containing more with indifference, at other times with disgust, and occasionally they were torn than 1Y; per cent. of alcohol. Even up in your presence. Such is not the case now. Often the person given a these eventually will "be eliminated."- tract will reply with words of appre- The Co ntin I'1lt. cIatIOn. Not infrequently he returns and asks for another. Sometimes one is EUROPE literally surrounded by people requesting them. Opportunities Among British Soldiers "This disposition of the people to in- T HE Rev. Dr. John McNeill, of vestigate and to receive new ideas opell'; Denver, who has been doing some the door not only for us, but also for very successful work among the soldiers in England, at the invitation of the Na- tional Council of Young Men's Chris- tian Associations, writes: "This very night there are thousands

of men, men in their prime, in Associa- colony, and the three French mission- tion huts aU over these camps. Please aries are now at work there.

remember the men are actually gathered One Effect of War: in Austria in the huts, thousands of men, I say, ready and willing to listen devoutly to a AS recently as 1913 a Bible Society straight, living gospel message, and colporteur in Austria wrote: there's almost nobody to give it to them. "Austria remains in the firm grasp of It's tragic to think of it. And the Rome. There is no country in Europe Young Men's Christian Association is where the policy, the spirit and the am- not to blame. It is doing all it can. bitions of Ultramontanism have a freer But it cannot get preachers or speakers hand. Hardly a week passes in which to meet the fiftieth part of the need and we do not receive some unpleasant re- of this unheard-of opportunity. Would minder that our work in this empire is God that all of the Lord's people hated by the authorities, and that they were prophets, and that His Spirit dwelt are averse to taking any step which among them. Moody never saw a might make our lot more tolerable."

chance like this. He would nearly have Yet now another colporteur writes: died of joy, if he had; or of grief, to "In Austria our circulation reached a see it wasted so. I can't sleep at night height last year which in ordinary times sometimes, between contending emotions. we never thought possible. Our appre- 'Lord, thrust them forth,' I cry. 'Comb hensions at the outbreak of the war that out the churches, Lord; send out Thy Bible work would be entirely suspended servants to save men, not to shoot have fortunately not been fulfilled. On them!' " the other hand, the Austrian Govern- The Paris Society Crippled ment made overtures to us in a way we never expected, and we are thankful for THE Societe des Missions Evangelique it. The increase is due to the war.

de Paris has been greatly crippled Everywhere there has been a great de- by the death at the front of two of its sire for the Word of God. The mili- finest missionaries and thirteen young tary officials, especially those in com- men, sons of missionaries or students in mand of the camps for prisoners of war, training, and the mobilization of five have repeatedly asked for copies of the members of the Board, of six members of Scriptures. Thus the war' has opened the home staff and of eleven mission- many a door which was closed against aries, who had to leave the fields of us at other times. We hope that we Basutoland, Zambesi, Senegal, Congo shall be able to continue this blessed and Tahiti, leaving their work to over- work among the soldiers until the war burdened colleagues or to their heroic ends in peace."

wives or to native evangelists.

I There have also been financial dif- Islam in Berlin ficulties brought on by the war. Gen- N Germany many books are being erous supporters of the missionary published largely devoted to the fos- cause have been killed or ruined; others tering of good relations between Turkey have felt themselves called to consecrate and Germany, One of them, the Is- most of their available resources to pa- lamic World, published in Berlin, is a triotic charities. Funds from Holland, quarterly for "Politics, Economics, and Belgium, Switzerland and Italy have Kultur." A number of Turkish writers been reduced or have failed. The re- are contributors. Another Moslem duction of all salaries and the strictest weekly, also published in Berlin, has ex- economy have alone averted a disaster. cited suspicion. Part of its program is At the same time the War has brought "to free the laws and customs of Islam an unexpected opening. In consequence from the reproach which has been false- of the conquest of Kamerun, France has ly and erroneously cast on them by the been asked to administer this German modern world!"

FROM MANY LANDS

Zionists in Russia Meet 175,000 Orphans T HE first Zionist convention ever held ONE of the most perplexing problems in Russia met in Moscow in April. facing missionary workers in the Its sessions were marked by tremen- dous enthusiasm, due to the fact that this Caucasus is what to do with the or, is the first time Jews have been able phans. Dr. George C. Raynolds, writ- to assemble from all parts of the coun- ing from Erivan, says: try and to publicly discuss questions of interest to the Jewish people without "We found the number of fatherless fear of arrest. children in this city, mounting up into the thousands, and knew that similar Resolutions were adopted congratu- conditions prevailed among the refugees lating President Wilson and the Ameri- throughout the Caucasus, where the can people for ranging themselves on large majority of those from the eastern the side of the democracies of the world provinces of Turkey are congregated. . and for espousing the rights of the small Their number was then estimated at nationalities to live their own lives and fully 175,000. It is in these children develop their own culture. The first that the hope for the continuance of the act of the convention was to get into Armenian race is bound up. This fact communication with the leaders of the is appreciated by the different Armenian Zionist movement in neutral countries, societies which are operating among the to arrange for concerted action, and later refugees, and they have established a the convention sent greetings to all considerable number of orphanages in the Zionist federations throughout the different centers. But numerous as these world. institutions are, they do not reach a ti the of the need. We have considered Status of Missionaries in Turkey whether it would be possible to give a small stipend to such orphans as were JUST before the entry of the United living with their mothers, so as to per- States into the war, the American mit the latter to keep their families to- Board gave out the following statement gether, which is an object especially de- about its work in Turkey. Conditions sirable In the present state of the Ar- are bound to be greatly changed by the menian people. Most of these mothers actual participation of the United States have no income save what the Russian in the conflict. Ninety-one American government gives; which, even when Board missionaries are now in Turkey; regularly distributed, barely suffices to 24 men, 16 wives, and 51 single wo- keep them alive."-Missionary Herald. men. In the missionary families are 17 children, making 108 Americans of AFRICA the Board's special connection in the Ot- toman Empire at present. These mis- The Paris Society to the Rescue sionaries have all been given permission to withdraw from their posts, but are T HE difficulties of reorganization staying because they believe they are brought upon the Basel Missionary needed where they are, and insist that Society work in India by the war were to come away would be to desert a duty. described in the May REVIEW. Now word comes of the situation in Africa. The Board has in its files copies of statements made by Turkish officials to When the British and French troops the American ambassador in Constanti- took possession of the Kameruns all the nople to the effect that the Turkish gov- Swiss workers were removed by order ernment has not "seized" the American of the new government, with the ex- property, but considers that it is "occu- ception of one, who happened to be an pying the buildings, etc., under military Australian. Thus all evangelical mis- necessity," and will restore the places to sion work was completely disorganized the Board at the close of the war. in what had been the German colony, and some sad relapses are reported to

have taken place among those who were United Work in the Congo formerly under the care of the Swiss Society. T HE Foreign Christian Missionary Society and the Christian Women's In order to conserve the work as much Board of Missions of the Disciples of as possible, the Paris Missionary Society Christ have taken official action to unite has sent to the Kameruns a visiting dele- their forces in the Belgian Congo. The gation, comprising one who was former- Women's Board heretofore has been doly a missionary in the French Congo, ing a small work in Liberia. All of one who has labored in Basutoland, and their missionaries are to be transferred the third who is from New Caledonia in to the Congo Mission and it is to be the South Seas. The native church in one united mission with one treasurer the Kameruns has suffered persecution and one advisory committee on the field. at the hands of certain chiefs, who have The work is to be directed by a joint taken advantage of the absence of mis- committee of the two boards here in sionaries to harass the believers. I t is America. The contributions to this the hope of the Paris Society that the work will go through the joint commitvisiting missionaries may be able to con- tee. The two boards are just now planfirm the faith of many in the time of ning a campaign to raise the support of trial. the missionary families in this mission. This is the first step toward a closer Call for a School union of the two boards in all of their work on the foreign fields. REV. E. H. GREELEY III Mrewa, Rhodesia, writes: Missions in Madagascar "Recently twenty-four youths came to me from a village in this district, walk- THE retirement of Rev. James Sibree, ing all the way, saying that they wanted D.D., who first sailed for Madame to send them a teacher. I had to do gascar in 1863, has been made the octhat hardest of all things a missionary casion for a review by the London has to do-tell them that I could not Christian of the work of the London send a teacher, because there was no Missionary Society in that island·. money and a teacher could not live without food and clothes. Missionary work was first started, in 1820, at Antanarivo, the capital of the "I inquired as to how many people island, among the Hova people, who would come if a station were started, were then entirely heathen, believing in and was told that all the young people witchcraft, charms, poison-ordeals, and from four or five villages would come. other supersti tions ;. they were also an- I asked if the chief was willing and they cestor-worshippers. The mission staff of replied, 'It was he who urged us to come the first period included several Chrisand ask for a teacher.' The chiefs are tian artisans, who taught the Malagasy now generally willing because then the to work in wood, stone, iron, and young people stay at home. If a village leather, as well as giving instruction in has no mission the boys and girls run other arts. During those first fifteen away to go to school. They want to years the language was reduced to writ· learn and are willing to stand the dis- ing, and the entire Bible translated into pleasure of their heathen parents to Malagasy; teachers were trained, a numdo so. ber of primary schools, with about 10,000 scholars, were founded, and sev- "God seemed to SIlY to me, 'Do what eral Christian congregations were gathyou can. Give them the Gospel.' So I ered in the capital and its vicinity. said to them, 'If you will build a church I will send some one to preach whenever Then came a quarter of a centurv of I can on Sundays.' They were greatly persecution (1835-1861), during which pleased and said they would build a persistent efforts were made by the church if I would send some one to show heathen queen Ranavalona I, and her them how."

FROM MANY LANDS

government, to crush out Christianity, cases trustworthy positions. Several are which, however, only strengthened its in Government service.

influence year after year. After that sovereign's decease, the country was re- OBITUARY NOTES opened to missionary effort, which, not- Robert Chambers of Turkey withstanding many political changes, has THE death of Rev. Robert Chambers, been carried on ever since with mcrea" D.D., at the Newton (Mass.) Hosmg success. pital, April 2, closed a long and excep- When the island became a French tionally efficient missionary career. He colony in 1896, the Society had, in addi- was born on May 1, ISi-9, in Norwich, tion to a hospital and training college, Canada, and studied in Queens Univerthirty-six European missionaries, 1,460 sity and in Princeton Seminary. In congregations, 1,020 native pastors, some 1879, with his brother, Rev. W. Nesbitt 7,000 native workers, 1,200 dav schools, Chambers, D.D., he received appointwith more than 70,000 schola'rs; while ment by the American Board and the at least 100,000 adults were able to read two sailed for their life work in Turkey. the Scriptures. He was first assigned to the Erzrum field in the Eastern Turkey Mission, ISLANDS OF THE SEA but in ] 891 he was located at Bardizag, Chinese in Samoa near Constantinople, and there took charge of the Bithynia High School. WHEN Samoa began to develop This important school for boys greatly commercially under German rule, increased in size and influence under his administration. Hundreds of graduates, and especially as the cocoa plantations scattered widely through the empire, were extended, the labor problem became look back to their Bardizag days with a serious one. In order to meet it, gratitude to this man, whose strong per- Chinese were brought to Samoa and sonality, kindness, uprightness, enthusiwere given a wage far in advance of asm and deep sympathy for the struganything they could ever hope to receive gling Armenian race, won him the conin China. They were well treated, an:! fidence and affection of the people to seemed perfectly satisfied with their lot. whom he gave his life. After the first three years in Samoa they were at liberty to return to China at any John G. Fagg time, or they could sign on again for another year. Many of them did remain in Samoa, signing on year by year at advanced wages. ON Thursday, May 3rd, the President But they were all heathen. Three of the Board of Foreign .Missions thousand of them came into the midst of the Reformed Church in America of the Samoan Christian Church, and it the Rev. John Gerardus Fagg, D.D., was not long before the Samoans were died after an operation. For some years asking themselves what their duty as he was a missionarv in China and tater Christians was to these men. was pastor of the liliddle Dutch Church, It was soon recognized that if any real New York City. He was an ardent work was to be done among the Chinese, friend of missions and an able preacher.

it must be through one of their own Dr. Fagg was an efficient and honored countrymen, and the China Mission of member of the Editorial Council of the the London Missionary Society sent to REVIEW, and his sudden home going is Samoa Rev. Mr. Li. He has now a an unspeakable loss, not only to his body of twenty Chinese as a nucleus of wife and many friends, but to the whole his work, who, in their turn, will no Church of Christ. No man was pos- doubt become workers amongst their fel- sessed of a finer spirit of devotion to the low Chinese. whole world-wide missionary cause..

These are no "rice Christians." The Few men manifested as noble and majority of those who have "come out" Christlike a character under all circum- are wage earners in assured and in some stances.

TIm MISSlIONARY LllllllJRARY~

~"U'V'O ; hUV].h 'UV'U """DVO' • ? =- £ :: "U13U 'V'U"U STUDY BOOKS ON AFRICA An African Trail. By Jean Kenyon Mac- kenzie. Illustrated. 12mo, 222 pp. SO The Lure of Africa. By Cornelius H. cents net. Central Committee on the Patton. Illustrated. 12mo, 205 pp. 60 United Study of Foreign Missions, cents. Missionary Education Move- West Medford, Mass., 1917.

Ament, New York, 1917. Another volume by the author of FRICA is a fascinating continent to "Black Sheep" is a treat. It is a text study. There are found dark tropi- book, but one that fascinates as well as cal jungles, snow-capped mountains, instructs. Miss Mackenzie, who has restrange wild beasts, magnificent birds cently returned to Africa, devotes six and luxuriant vegetation; human beings short chapters to The White Man in of many types-pigmies, savage canni- Africa, The Bulu, The Bulu and God, bals, slave dealers, some only half human The Ten Tyings (or Commandments), and others of noble characteristics. It is The N ew Tribe (the Christians) and a land of magnificent distances, of great the New Custom (or practice of Chriswealth, of romantic history and heroic tiani ty ). Many quota tions from traveldeeds. It is a continent of the future, ers, missionaries, and students of Africa capable of marvellous development and add to the wealth of information. After has already attracted great men and seeing the Bulu people through Miss great nations to undertake this work of Mackenzie's eyes we understand them expansion. The missionary progress of better in their poverty, their struggles, the continent has been slow but its his- their possibilities and their many noble tory is full of romance and inspiration. characteristics. It means much when a man is ready to say as one old headman The foreign mission study courses said: "I am N. Kolenden, once the for the coming year promise to be unique- owner of many women, a glorious perly interesting, for they study Africa and son, now a servant of God. I will beat offer text books of unusual quality. The the drum for the service." book prepared for the Missionary Education Movement is "The Lure of African Adventurers. By Jean Kenyon Africa/" by Rev. Cornelius H. Patton, Mackenzie. Illustrated. 12mo, 119 pp. D.D., a Secretary of the American SO cents net. The Central Committee Board, who not long ago made an ex- on the United Study of Foreign Mistended tour in the continent. Dr. Pat- sions, West Medford, Mass., 1917. ton divides his study into seven parts. First he describes some alluring scenes- This junior story book describes the Cairo, Mombasa, Victoria Falls, a na- adventures of African boys and foreign tive war dance and a great Zulu choir. teachers. Akulu Mejo was a little Then he pictures vividly the magnificence brown Bantu boy-very human and of Africa and its people. Next the very interesting, but of strangely differstrongholds of Mohammedanism are de- ent education and surroundings from scribed and the progress of Islam-like a those of British and American boys. Livgreat tidal wave from the north seeking ingstone's hazardous experiences are the to engulf the whole continent. Oppos- subject of a palaver in African style. ing this onward march are the strong- An adventure with the dwarfs is of holds of Christianity and in the interior, unique interest, as are the adventures the heart of Paga~ism. Dr. Patton pic- of Assam and Mejo, young Bantu tures vividly, with telling facts and in- school teachers. The story is of the cidents, the conflict between these forces sort that teaches facts and lessons and shows that in Africa Christiani ty is without the reader realizing that he IS uniquely showing its power to transmute reading a mission study text book. human beasts into godly men. Nowhere is the transformation more remarkable. BOOKS ON WAR AND PEACE Bourne. 8vo. 336 pp. American As- soclatlOn for International Reconcilia- From the Front. Stories from Real Life, tion, New York, 1917. by Alex. Marshall. 12mo. 1 shilling. Pickering and Inglis, Glasgow, 1917. Many able men have contributed to this volume, which advocates in general Tracts of the best kind have a great a League of Peace. It begins with a message in small space. These stories study of economic and political probare of brave deeds and experiences con- lems and causes of war; discusses ways nected with Christian testimony and the to enforce peace by economic coercion, passage from death to life. This little treaties and laws, but does not show how volume is full of truth and incidents for men of the strongest nations may be gospel addresses. The stories and facts induced to agree on a program and a are from all walks of life and from plan for its enforcement. The study is many lands. a helpful one but not all the contribu- tors to the volume agree on the pro- The Fight for Peace. By Sidney L. gram. War is an eruption due to dis- Gulick. 12mo. 192 pp. Paper. Flem- eased conditions and failure to agree on ing H. Revell Co., New York, 1916. a remedy. The only lasting remedy is a radical cure of the national maladies The gist of this little volume is con- of selfishness. tained in two visions: The first, a "Vision of World Empire," giving rein to Directory of Protestant Missions in selfishness, hatred and lust and result- China. Edited for the China Continuing in "Hell on Earth." The second is ation Committee by Charles L. Boyna "Vision of the Kingdom of God," in ton. 12mo. 289 pp. 25 cents. Chriswhich reigns justice, unselfish love and tian Literature Society, Shanghai. 1916. service and resulting in "Heaven on Earth." Dr. Gulick pictures the mod- This directory of missionaries is arern world and the church, with the true ranged by societies, stations and alphaplace of Christianity and a constructive betically. The Chinese names as well as peace program. I t is a vision of ideal- the English names are given and the dates ism which can be ushered into reality of the founding of stations are noted. It only as Jesus Christ becomes Master of is a valuable list of 5,864 names, truly a mankind. noble band of witnesses to Jesus Christ. There is also a map showing distribution Toward an Enduring Peace. A sym- of missionaries prepared by Miss Mc- posium of peace proposals and pro- Keely and to be obtained from the pub- grams. Compiled by Randolph S. lishers.

New Books on Missions The Revelation of Jesus Christ. By H. C. in the Local Church. By Bert Wilson. Williams. 12mo. 370 pp. $1.50. Stand- Pamphlet. 56 pp. Men and Millions ard Press, 1917. Movement, 1917. Russian Realities and Problems. By Paul Library of Christian Co-operation. Re- Milyouko', and others. Edited by J. D. ports of Third Quadrennial Meeting of Duff. $2.00. University Press, 1917. the Federal Council of Churches. Six volumes. $5.00. Single volumes, $1.00 Russia Then and Now. By Francis B. each. Missionary Education Move- Reeves. 8vo. Illustrated. $1.50. G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1917. ment, 1917.

Conditions of Labor in American Indus- The Immigrant and the Community. By Grace Abbott. 303 pp. 8vo. $1.50. The tries. By W. Jett Lauck and Edgar Century, 1917. Sydenstrickcr. 8vo. 400 pp. $1.75. Funk & Wagnalls, 1917. Algaisnksa~n.the Gre at Country. By Ella Hig- 8vo. $2.50. The MacMillan How to Inaugurate the Tithing System Company, 1917. WRONGS OF INDIA'S WOMANHOOD THREE GENERATI,ONS A Grandmother at twenty-five! In India there are 2,273,245 wives and '15,285 widows less than ten years old JAl'ANESE CHILDREN WITH SURPLUS MATERIAL A World's Highway to Usefulness BY REV, SAMUEL D. PRICE, D.D. Secretary of the Surplus :vIaterial Department of the World's S. S. Association "Of picture post-cards we can never of bright colored post cards, The most get enough to meet the demand from valued picture gift is the large Bible lesour children. And every picture roll con picture reel. Accordions and baby we use and use again. You never saw organs are very useful. such a place for finding a use for almost everything under the sun." A school, class, or individual who has anything to send may write to the Soon people will beg'n to count the superintendent stating the denomination weeks until Christmas. – For those who and the kind of gift to be disposed of. will assist the missionaries in 'giving joy An introduction is sent to the writer and at the Christmas season now is the time the gifts are forwarded direct to the misfor active work. Packages of any surplus sion field. In.about three months a letter material you 'have can be sent wherever of appreciation comes from the missionparcel post rates prevail-China, Japan, ary. Thus a definite point of helpful Korea, Philippine Islands, Cuba, Porto contact is established between the Chric·, Rico, Liberia and many other countries tian home and the worker abroad. (12 cents a pound; pictures, 2 oz. for 1 cent) . Many cash gifts have been used to supply special needs, ranging from a card What to Send punch to a mule. Thirty dollars will purchase and transport a good baby First among acceptable gifts must be organ. Many publishers send wholesale mentioned dressed dolls. A good size is gifts to this Department and the things a doll about 10 inches long. one that has are forwarded as postage money is supgo-to-sleep eyes, dressed in colors, (white is the sign ·of mourning in many lands). plied by those who are interested. * Scrap books, knives, marbles, mouth organs, handkerchiefs and numerous *For all information write to Rev. Samuel other things make splendid gifts for dis- D. Price, 216 Metropolitan Tower, New York tribution at Christmas. A missionary in City. (1) Name your denomination in full, Korea said that he could use a half ton (2) Enclose a stamp for reply, (3) Do not send any packages to the New York office. (4) DQ it now.

Personals

REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., of Cairo, Egypt, recently gave the first mIssIOnary lecture ever delivered in the Coptic College, Cairo. It was an address on David Livingstone.

GIPSY SMITH, as a worker in Y. M. C. A. camps in France and Flanders, has been able to reach all sorts and conditions of men. In five meetings he had given away 850 khaki Testaments, each one in connection with a definite pledge to follow Christ.

f"'- DR. J. C. R. EWING, President of Forman Christian College at Lahore, India, and cipient of the Kaiser-i-Hind medal from the British Indian governmem, has now receiv<ti the degree of Doctor of Literature from the University of the Punjab. Dr. Ewing has served as Vice-Chancellor of this University for seven years.

MR. RALPH C. NORTON, who has been in America for the purpose of securing a fund of $50,000 to be used in evangelistic work among the Belgian soldiers, sailed on May 6th, taking with him more than $65,000 for this work.

DR. JAMES HOPE MOULTON, one of the most distinguished preachers and scholars of England, died recently as a result of exposure after the torpedoing of the ship on which he was returning from India to England. A few months earlier his son was killed in action.

REV. S. KIMURA, sometimes called the "Billy Sunday of Japan," has sailed for the South Sea Islands to carry the greetings of the Christians of Japan to the Christians of these islands. It is hoped that this visit will result in a better feeling between the Japanese and the native islanders.

DR. MARY MILLS PATRICK, President of the Constantinople College for Women, is in America in the interests of the College.

REV. and MRS. STEPHEN TROWBRIDGE, of Cairo, recently returned from a journey in the Sudan. While there they saw a fierce battle between two groups of villages.

DAN CRAWFORD recently saw $1,000 worth of the mission property at Luanza go up in a blaze "to feed the stars" as the Africans put it. Gifts to replace the buildings may be sem care of the Standard Bank, Bulawayo, South Africa.

DR. MACKICHAN, an honored missionary in India for the past forty years, is the Moderator-designate of the United Free Church of Scotland. He has been for many years the Principal of Wilson College, Bombay.

REV. FRANK NEWHALL WHITE, D.D., is the new District Secretary of the American Missionary Association, to succeed REV. L. O. BAIRD, D.D., with headquarters in Chicago.

REV. WILLIAM A. SUNDAY announced at his initial service in New York City that hewould divide between the American Red Cross and the Army and Navy Y. M. C. A. the entire sum contributed as a "freewill offering" at the close of the campaign.

ELLIOTT SPEER, the son of Robert E. Speer, MR. RoY MCCONNELL, a son of a missionary in Costa Rica, MR. MAXWELL CHAPLIN and some twenty other Princeton students, graduates and professors, sailed on May 5th to help in the Y. M. C. A. work among British soldiers in England and Franc~ MR. WILLARD D. PRICE, Managing Editor of the "World Outlook," has started on a nine months' tour of the world.

DR. JOHN R. MOTT, General Secretary of the International Y. M. C. A., Chairman of the Continuation Committee on the World Missionary Conference, has been appointed by President Wilson as one of the commission to go to Russia with the Hon. Elihu Root, to help the new government solve the national problems_ DR J. WILBTIR CHAPMAN has been elected moderator of the Presbyterian General As- sembly in the United States of America for the coming year.