The Missionary Review of the World — May 1939

1939

The Church in Arabia Salutes You Paul W. Harrison Twenty..six Thousand Africans Converted L. K. Anderson Evangelical Progress in Brazil Philip S. Landes Experiences of a Missionary in Hainan Henry H. Bucher Saint Lucas of Allahabad Dr. and Mrs. Sam Higginbottom and Others Among the Indians in North Dakota Thomas A. Simpson Using Fingers for Eyes Lewis B. Chamberlain 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year

to Remember P LA 0 W ~I ~I to Spend Next Suauner". Vacation with some

I~ I~ America'. Greate.t Tbeolopcal Teachers. May 1-3 –..,. Tenth Annual Missionary Education Institute. Third Chris- Winona Lake School of Theology, Winona Lake, Indiana tian Church, Indianapolis, Ind. For Ministers. Teachers. Miuioaaries. SwuIa,. School Workers aDd La)'JDeD May 14-Rural Life Sunday. For sug- gestions write to Committee on Courses leading to Regular Theological Degrees, Cost Reasonable 50 FREE Town and Country, 297 Fourth Ave., July 11 to August 16-Two Terms 15 Day. Each-Interdenominational ROO M S New York. Evangelical Faith and High Scholarship Combined May 25 – General .Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in U. S. A., Dr. W. E. HiedeNoH. Director Ask for free Proopectus from Dr. J. A. Haffmaa. D…. Marion. Ind. Cleveland, Ohio. copal Summer Camp, P. O. Bijou, Rev. William A. Waddell, D.D., May 25-World-Wide Day of Prayer California-including Utah, Nevada honorably retired missionary of the for ministers and missionaries. and California; Eastern (Sept. 11- Presbyterian Church in South Brazil, 13), Thomas Indian School, Iroquois, died in Sao Paulo, Brazil, February May 30-June 2-Third Biennial Insti- New York – including Michigan, 22, after an illness of several months. tute, A Movement for World Chris- New York, North Carolina and Dr. Waddell went to Brazil in 1890. tianity, New York, N. Y. Florida. He was elected President of Mackenzie College in 1914, and held this position June 7-13 – Ann u a I Conference, Obituary Notes until 1927. From then until his re- Church of the Brethren, Anderson, tirement in 1932, his time was spent Ind. Dr. John Mason Somerndike, a sec- in evangelistic and Presbyterial work retary of the Presbyterian Board of throughout Brazil. June 8 – General Synod of the Re- National Missions, died of heart dis- formed Church in America, New ease on March 14 at his home in *•• York, N. Y. South Orange, New Jersey, at 61 years of age. Dr. Somerndike was Mrs. William A. Mather, Presby- June 16-24-Winona Summer School born in Philadelphia in 1877 and was terian missionary in Paoting, China, of Missions, Winona Lake, Ind. connected with the Presbyterian died in Peiping, February 19. She Courses include Bible, Missions, Board for forty years. Recently his assisted her husband in rural evan- Text Books and addresses by mis- work had to do J,T.<ainly with Sunday gelism and taught in the Girls' Bible sionaries. Write to Mrs. C. E. school missions, Alaska and the In- School, in the Nurses' Training School, Ahrensfeld. 431 S. East Ave., Oak dians. He was the author of "Sunday conducted a Mothers' Club and trained Park, Ill. School Missionary Incidents and Exer- volunteer workers. cises," "Teachers' Manual of Week- June 20-25 – Northern Baptist Con- Day Bible Lessons," "Sunday Schools *** vention, Los Angeles, Calif. in Town and Country," "On the Fir- ing Line," "By-Products of the Rural Dr. Luke Tamikichi Imaizumi, a June 21-25-Sunday School and B. Y. Sunday School." Surviving are his Christian physician who had devoted P. U. Congress of the National Bap- widow, Edna Smith' Somerndike, two the last years of his life to the spread tist Convention, U. S. A., (Inc.) , daughters and a son, J. M. Somern- of Christianity in Japan, died at Tulsa, Okla. dike, 3rd. Sendai, December 30th. In 1932, after making provision for his family, he July 6-11 – International Christian *** turned over the greater part of his Endeavor Convention, Cleveland, fortune, about $100,000, to be used for Ohio. Rev. E. S. Greenbaum, of Montreal, strengthening the Church in Japan. a former president of the Hebrew July ll-August 16 – Winona Lake Christian Alliance of America and '" '" '" School of Theology. Winona Lake, founder of the Hebrew Congregation Ind. Dean, Dr. J. A. Huffman, 302 of Christ in Montreal, died on March Dr. Spencer Lewis, veteran Meth- Morton Blvd., Marion, Ind. 25. He was born 50 years ago in odist missionary in China, died at Poland. After his conversion he Chengtu, February 15th, at the age July 22-28-Baptist World Congress. studied theology in America and was of 85. He had served in China 58 Atlanta, Ga. ordained to the Christian ministry in years and after his retirement in 1929 1917. remained in semi~ctive service until July 24-August 2-World Conference his death. of Christian Youth, Amsterdam, Rev. Martin *Eric* E*kvall, for forty- Holland. '" '" '" six years a missionary in China under Aug. 5-10-Ninth Quadrennial Con- the Christian and Missionary Alliance, Mrs. W. T. Larimer, formerly a sec- vention of the Woman's Home and died on January 6 at Hangkow, retary of the Presbyterian Board for Foreign Missionary Sdciety of Af- China. Mr. Ekvall was born in Christ- Freedmen, died February 15. She rican Methodist Episcopal Zion dala, Sweden, on July 26, 1866. His retired as secretary in 1928 but con- Church, Detroit, Mich. parents emigrated from Sweden in tinued to serve in the Pittsburgh Pres- 1882 and settled near Manchester, byterial Society. August 13-20-Geneva Summer School N. H. Martin and his younger sister of Missions, Lake Geneva, Wis. became students at the Missionary (Concluded on Tkwd Cover.) For information write to Mrs. Paul Training College in New York and H. Wezeman, 1177 S. Humphrey were appointed to China in 1892. Withthause Ave., Oak Park, Ill. of this Co-. every *** Young People'. Society may Regional Conferences of Indian Mis- eonvertef1..into a Sghgol fot sionary Workers, held under the Bishop Joseph Marshall Francis, Bible Training! . – .. auspices of The National Fellowship oldest Protestant Episcopal diocesan of Indian Workers, are as follows: bishop in America, died in Indianapolis 1939 Christian Workers' Course Oklahoma (June 6-8), Bacone Col- on February 13, in his 77th year. Ex- lege, Bacone, Okla. (near Musko- cept for ill health, Bishop Francis A Scriptural Study Each Week-52 Lessons gee)-including Oklahoma, Kansas, would have completed 52 years of Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas; service in the Church last December. A practical, effective course in methods S'authwest (June 13-15), Ganado of Christian work and soul-winning, Mission, Arizona – including New *** Mexico, Arizona and Colorado; Pa- Send 15c in slampa for current iSsue. Mr. Edwin F. Willis, treasurer of cific Northwest (June 20 – 22), the Executive Committee of Foreign HRISTIAN PUBLICATlONSJNG Missions for the Presbyterian Church, (place to be announced)-including U. S., died February 2, in Nashville, 1502 N. Third St., Harrisburg, Pa. Montana, Idaho, Oregon and Wash- Tenn. ington; Central (June 27-29) , Yank- ton College, Yankton, S. D.-includ- ing Nebraska, Iowa, North and South Dakota, Wyoming, Minnesota and Wisconsin; Western (Aug. 29- 31), "Galilee" on Lake Tahoe, Epis-

MISSIONARY Personal

REVIEW OF THE WORLD Dr. J. H. Oldham, who has held the DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor office of Secretary of the International Missionary Council since its beginning VOL. LXII MAY, 1939 No.5 in 1910, has resigned in order to give more time to the problems inherent in Publication and Business Office- the relations between Church, Com- Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. munity and State, and the efforts that are being made to solve them. Dr. Editorial and Executive Office– Oldham was the first editor of the In- 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. ternational Review of Missions, estab- Entered as second-class matter at lished after the Edinburgh Conference in 1910. In later years, he made Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Africa his special care, and served as Act of March 3, 1879. a member of the Commission on Closer Union in East Africa, member of the 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. Advisory Committee on Education in Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. the Tropical Dependencies and as Ad- Published monthly, except August. ministrative Director of the Interna- All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1939. tional Institute of African Languages British agents – Marshall, Morgan and Cultures. and Scott, 12 PaternDster Buildings, London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, *** 10 sh!11ings a year. Madam Chiang Kai-shek has been MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- awarded the gold medal of honor of LISHING CO., INC. the New York City Federation of Woman's Clubs for her "indomitable BOARD OF DIRE'CTORS courage and leadership in the crisis ROBERT E. SPEER, President of her native land." This is the first A. L. WARNSHUIS, Vice-President time the award has been made since WALTER MCDOUGALL, Treasurer 1929. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary *** PAUL J. BRAISTED SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT Mary Reed, friend of lepers, at 84 D. J. FANT years of age is still superintending MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD the leper colony at Chandag Heights, WM. B. LIPPHARD India. Miss Reed's fifty years of ERIC M. NORTH work for lepers has recently received SAMUEL M. ZWEMER a spontaneous tribute through meet- ings, letters, radio talks, and by the Editorial Chat publication of a new biography. Only 10 swift days direct to Yokohama when you sail by The June number of THE REVIEW *** Empress to the Orient. Only will deal largely with the progress of 3 more days to visit lovely Christianity in America and the de- Sigurgier Sigurdsson has been Hawaii en route by Empress oj velopment of the Christian Church. elected Lutheran Bishop of Iceland to Japan, largest and fastest liner This includes a wide range of activi- succeed Bishop Helgason, retired. on the Pacific, or Empress oj ties, in various fields and by many The new Bishop is 49 years old and Canada. From California types of work. Christian work in has served ten years as pastor in the ports connect at Honolulu. America includes not only pioneering most rugged part of Iceland. in new territory but reclaiming old Frequent sailings from both ground; attempts to reach nOlI; only *** Vancouver and Victoria to miners, and lumbermen of the West Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, and North, but mountains of the The Hon. Kensuke Horinouchi, Shanghai,HongKong,Manila. South; it includes neglected city areas Japan's new ambassador to the United Consult YOUR OWN TRAVEL and rural districts; Indians and Ne- States, is a witnessing Christian. His AGENT or Canadian Pacific: groes, Orientals and Mexicans, Euro- home in Tokyo has often been opened 41 offices in U. S. and Canada. peans and Eskimos, neglected rich and to Christian meetings where morning neglected poor, industrial workers and devotions are the rule. migrants, Moslems, Mormons, Buddhists and atheists. Only a few of *** these will be dealt with but all must be kept in mind in the study of Home Dr. James Dexter Taylor, of Johan- Missions. Our June and July issues nesburg, South Africa, who is now in will be overflowing with interesting the United States, is supervisor of the amalgamated churches of the Rand articles. Native Mission of the Congregational Union of South Africa and of the *** American Board Mission. Dr. Taylor has written a number of books dealing Readers have recently sent in their with race relations and missionary work. comments on the REVIEW, as follows: *** "The March issue is a splendid num- Mrs. Richard H. Soule, who origber and we certainly will use it to ad- inated the United Thank Offering plan fifty' years ago,- celebrated 90 vantage." MISS MARY MOORE, years on February 17. The annual thank offering topped a million before Secretary for the Western A rea, the financial depression. Board of Foreign Missions, *** Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. Robert B. Giffen, recently student *** pastor at the University of Chicago, has become secretary for the Univer- "I find your magazine the best that comes into the office." (Concluded on Third Cover.) ESTHER ROYAL ALTMAN, [225 ] Cincinnati Branch, Woman's For- eign Missionary Society, Meth- odist Episcopal Church.

BRAZIL – THE MONROE PALACE IN RIO DE

BY OX-CART IS STILL ONE OF THE MODES OF TRAVEL IN THE INTERIOR OF BRAZIL THE OLD AND THE NEW IN BRAZIL (See page 243) REVIB ORLD VOLUME LXII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WOBLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 5 MAY, 1939 Topics of the Times CHRISTIAN TRENDS IN JAPAN dent is their opposition to Christ and His spiritual AND CHINA program.

There was a time, forty years ago, when Japan Contrast the trend in China. Forty years ago seemed almost ready to accept Christ ·as the na- the Boxer rebellion sought to obliterate Christiantional ideal if not as divine Saviour. The old edicts ity in China and to drive the "foreign devils" into against Christianity were no more and the boards the sea. Many Christians died as martyrs, but on which they had been posted were only found in the succeeding ten years more Chinese became in museums. There was religious liberty; Bud- Christians than in the previous one hundred years. dhism was dying and Shinto was becoming more But even after the republic was founded by a proand more only a patriotic cult. Many Japanese fessing Christian and religious liberty was propeasants, students and even rulers were turning to Christ and there seemed a possibility that the claimed, there was a widespread anti-Christ.ian Japanese nation might adopt the Christian way of life. But the Christian Church was not ready to sentiment. Governmental decrees separatmg rise fully to the opportunity with a sufficient Church and State included laws against religious supply of consecrated men, money and prayer. instruction even in Christian schools and colleges. This was a serious blow to mission work but Then the tide turned. Rationalism came into Christianity continued to spread. schools and colleges to foster unbelief in Christ and in the authority of the Bible. Materialism Today China is passing through a baptism of took hold of the people and they sought satisfac- blood which is having a refining influence. Not tion in the cultural fruits of Christianity, while only has the anti-Christian feeling disappeared they overlooked the roots. Japanese travelers in but the whole nation seems to be turning toward America and Europe brought stories of the failure Christ. Many of the national leaders are outto practice Christianity in the lands from which standing Christians and not only is missionary missionaries were being sent to Japan. The World work favored but the law forbidding religious War brought another crushing blow to Christian education in public and private schools has been idealism. More recently the increasing power of abrogated. The sacrificial service of the missionthe nationalistic military party in Japan has pro- aries in China's time of need has shown the true moted the effort to establish Shinto shrines .in character of Christ and His Gospel. all Japanese controlled territory, to promote em- But what will be the effect if schools, churches peror worship and to make national S.h.into su- and other institutions in China should come under preme. Patriotism has become a reIIglOn, .and Japanese control? military might is the only power recognIzed. Japan and Korea are both suffering from th~ de- One foreign observer writes: . termination to make Japan supreme – obedIence to God being secondary. This attitude of the If Japan should win this war, Jtahpeando, o~roroefa,mFisosrimonoasray, domI·nant mI·II·tary party in Japan is making opportunity in the Orient-China, Christian life and work difficult in lands dom- embracing a third of the human race, WIll gradually be inated by the Mikado's army. The greater the success of Japan's military forces, the more evi- closed. She will extend her anti-Christian activities from Korea and Japan proper to China, just as soon as possible.

Here is a significant list of questions submitted by the Jap- anese gendarmerie to representative minis~ers of the Chr~s­ tian churches in Japan: "1. Who is thIS God of ChrIS- tianity? 2. What is your opinion of the 800 myriads of gods of Japan? 3. What is the difference between the Emperor of Japan and your God? 4. What is the differ- [227 ]

ence between a foreign ruler and your God? 5. What is r the relation between the Bible and Imperial Edicts? 6. What is the difference between Imperial Commands and claimed that she was defending them-that it is time the the Commands of Christ? 7. What is your opinion of an- truth or falsity of her claims were definitely proved. The cestor worship and shrine worship? 8. What is your opin- missionaries all go "at their own risk." ion of the ancestors of the Emperor? 9. What is the ultimate goal of your religion? 10. What is your idea of The recently reported statement by the Chinese Comreligious freedom? 11. Why do you regard worship at munist leader, Chu Teh, that he welcomed the mission- Buddhist temples and Shinto shrines as superstitious? aries raises an important point. In 1927 the Chinese Gov- 12. What is the difference between the Christian spirit ernment was opposed to Christian missions in many ways. and the spirit of Japan?" To give honest and Biblical Missionaries settled down to their tasks and in a few years answers to such questions would undoubtedly lead to op- the Chinese Government came to appreciate their work. position and persecution. In 1933 in our conference on "Christianity and Commu- nism" we decided that the only thing Christians could do But if China is victorious the result will be a great vic- was to out-live and out-serve the Communist. Missionary tory for democracy, for human freedom, and for religious efforts, especially in this year of great suffering, ha:ve now liberty. The doors of international trade will be opened won the respect of this Chinese Communist leader. wider than ever before, as China will need vast amounts of everything at one time for her rehabilitation. And best SIGNS OF LIFE AND DEATHof all the doors of missionary opportunity will be opened wider than ever before, not only in China, but in Japan, IN A CHURCH Korea, Formosa, and Manchuria. Victory for China will mean the triumph of right over might. It will mean the Springtime brings new signs of life – in budliberation of the Japanese people themselves from the in- ding trees and flowers, in new apparel, and in human tyranny of their own wicked military leaders. many church services. These awakenings are Surely Christian hearts all over the world should daily peri'Odic. At the Easter sunrise gatherings in join in prayer for victory for China and her brave Chris- hundreds of places all over the United States tian leaders. Surely the citizens of the United States there were pr'Obably not less than 200,000 people should vigorously protest to their government against the present, 'Ostensibly to commemorate the resurrecsale of anything to Japan that aids her in this iniquitous tion of Christ f.om the dead. Without doubt at war, this wanton orgy of murdering innocent men, women least thirty million people in America attended and little children. Christian church services at sometime on Easter -many of them for the first time this year. How Eighty per cent of the missionaries are remain- much does this celebration mean? It is difficult ing in China and most of the mission stations are to know how much is 'Outward show and how much still 'Occupied. The Chinese Christians are show- is an evidence 'Of inward spiritual life. Will the ing their courage and their patriotism, and openly 'Outward signs of awakening continue and bear testify to the c'Omfort and P'Ower of Christ and His fruit or will this apparent life be followed by an Gospel. What can Christian missionaries do for early blight? the Chinese in this time of crisis? Much in every way. They are a tremendous force for righteous- In many shop windows in large cities there ness and save multitudes of Chinese from death are on exhibition beautiful plants and flowersand starvati'On, from dish'Onor, despair and spir- palms, ferns, lilies, poinsettias, roses. They are itual defeat. One missionary writes: the same day after day, year after year; they never wither and die; they are artificial, without In the occupied territories our first duty is to carryon. life. The evidences 'Of life in a plant, an animal, Because their fundamental purpose is humanitarian rather a soul, a church are ability to breathe, to feed, t'O than nationalistic, Christian missions cannot enter into change, to grow, t'O reproduce its own kind. Life any "scorched earth policy." As the Chinese Government is "ability to respond to environment" and is maintold the Friends: "We can do a great deal for our own tained by a life producing and stimulating enpeople behind our lines, but there is a job we cannot do. vironment. That is to care for the people behind the Japanese lines. That you can do. Go and do it." The need is tremendous It requires n'O argument to pr'Ove that the life and the gratitude of the people almost breaks your heart! of a church is n'Ot shown by its beautiful buildings, The Christian missionary i3 the best friend the Chinese by the size of its membership, by the state 'Of its people in the occupied territory have. Every missionary finances, by the el'Oquence 'Of the sermons, by the who can possibly go back should dd so, with the exception impressiveness 'Of its ritual, or by the attendance of women with small children, and even that depends upon at its services. These may all be go'Od and helpful each family's own· position and desires. Single women but they are not the signs of true spiritual life. have proved that they can carry on even under war conditions almost if not as well as men. The story of how A report recently received from a very intellisix women and one man doctor have protected 5,000 refu- gent and spiritually-minded observer in a Chrisgees from the Japanese army in one mission compound tian church contains the following diagnosis 'Of a without any consular assistance, will go down as a classic church in a small American city: of heroism and devotion. Of course, the going of missionaries into occupied territory raises the question of Amer- This church has fallen on difficult days and may be ican rights and interests. But if we hold back for fear forced to close its doors. Only about one-third of the memof those complications we will betray our sacred trust and bers pay anything toward church support; the minister's obligations to serve the suffering. We do not ask for mili- salary is in arrears. . . . The reason for this condition tary protection. Japan has proclaimed so loudly that she is, I believe, that the people do not take any interest outwould protect the rights of third party nationals–even

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

side of themselves. None of them seem to have any and gives evidence of the fruit of the Spirit in knowledge of Christian stewardship. All of the men and love, joy and peace; one whose people show that most of the women show that they do not want to hear they are truly interested in promoting the Cause anything about missions. . . . Many are strongly opposed of Christ throughout the world. to having any benevolence budget. The church does not seem to be spiritually minded. I have never heard any VOLUNTEER SERVICE elder or deacon offer prayer in any meeting-and few of them attend. There is work but no true life; the chief Are we mercenary? Does anyone say that men idea of Christian activity seems to be entertainment, and women will not do effective and continuous church suppers and such things. . . . When the pastor work unless they are paid for their services? The started a Bible class for Lenten services less than ten peo- American Red Cross, that serves humanity in so ple were present, out of a total membership of four hun- many emergencies, has had a remarkable history dred. . . . The majority of the women belong to clubs that disproves this cynical charge. It is called of one sort or another and seem to want to make the upon in times of flood, drought, fire, epidemics, church just another club. hurricane or war to bring relief to many thou- sands who are suffering and in distress or danger. In contrast to this, note the signs of Life in the Forty years ago the headquarters of the Amerrecent annual report of the Peoples Church, To~ ican Red Cross in Wasihington consisted of a oneronto. The pastor is a Bible student, an evangelist room office with one full-time employee; its list and a spiritual teacher. He is deeply interested of donors numbered about three hundred and there in missionary work and ten years ago he organ- were only a few hundred dollars in the national ized "The Peoples Missionary Socety" of the treasury. Today the organization occupies its church. Now they contribute to the support of own building and has a large staff of efficient em- 130 missionaries in eighteen different fields at ployees. But the remarkable fact is that today home and abroad. Their congregational expenses, the Red Cross has in the United States 3,700 local including $3,966 for radio broadcasting, amount to chapters with 3,500,000 members. Its 197,397 $20,410 a year, while they give nearly $40,000 a. volunteer workers are always on call for service; year to missions. and they gave last year the equivalent of more than 105,000 days of volunteer service. They This church shows activity, but also life and made garments, layettes, surgical dressings; they power. The Peoples Monthly states: drove automobiles, gave public health aid, helped in hospitals, prepared food and fed victims of This church stands preeminently for the conversion of many disasters; with free smiling service they souls, the edification of believers and world-wide evan- also collected a million or more dollars in the nagelism; emphasizing especially the four great essentials~ tional relief and membership campaigns. salvation, the deeper life, missions and our Lord's return; endeavoring by every means to give the Gospel message to Another noteworthy fact is that the efficient the Christless masses both at home and abroad, in the head of this organization, Mis,s Mabel Thorp shortest possible time. Boardman, who has been leading the Red Cross for thirty-nine years, has never received any sal- The church activities include: a missionary ary, although she works daily from 9 a. m. to medical institute for prospective missionaries, reg- 4 p. m. and keeps four secretaries busy. It is reular preaching services, radio broadcasts, Sunday markable that this organization, with all its power school with adult Bible classes, elders' and ushers' and money for relief has kept out of politics and, prayer meetings each Sunday, Warriors prayer though handling millions of dollars of public meetin~s, children's services, young people's meet- money, has been free from scandal or charges of ings, women's prayer meetings, church prayer selfish and wasteful use of its relief funds. meetings, Sunday school teachers' meetings, and monthly meetings, for converts and personal All honor to the Red Cross workers; but they workers. are not alone in this free and sacrificial volunteer service for humanity. The Christian Church and How can we expect evidences of spiritual life in its missionary organizations have a still more wona church organization unless there is spiritual life derful record. In the American Protestant Chrisin the pastor and the individual church members? tian churches alone there are not less. than two True life will be manifested in earnest prayer and million women who are working as volunteers to Bible study, in personal work for the conversion serve their fellow men, women, and children, and of non-Christians, in vital spiritual activities and to promote the Kingdom of God on Earth. These in the practice of stewardship of time, talents and women provide free motor service, sew on garmoney. Any church that is not a working force ments, speak at meetings, collect funds, do free for Christ and the Kingdom of God, is apt to be clerical work, cook and serve meals, visit the sick a farce, without effectiveness for the fulfilment of and strangers, care for children, teach Bible Christ's program.

An Indian Christian, N. K. Mukerjee, remarks that a "converted church" is one that is vitally related to Christ; one that is fruitful in spiritual children, not barren; one that lives victoriously

classes – in churches, homes, Christian associa- vited. Mohammedan converts have recently been tions, missions, jails, hospitals and other insti- able to register themselves as Christians, and their tutions. They give or collect not less than marriages by Christian ceremony are officially $20,000,000 a year to support the work done recognized. All religious faiths must stand on through Protestant churches and various Chris- their own merit rather than on tradition or force.

tian societies. All this volunteer service is ren- Iranian officials often praise Christian schools dered without publicity, public honors or material and hospitals and many send their children to rewards. These women are not organized into one these schools rather than to the government insti- great body under an outstanding human leader tutions. Sons and daughters of Cabinet and but they nevertheless work faithfully and effi- Parliament members, of provincial governors ciently, serving Christ and humanity. Their re- and other high officials have been students in ward is reaped in the lives they brighten or help mission schools. Missionary teachers are asked to save, and in the youth whom they teach and to serve on examining boards in Government ex- enlist in the cause of Jesus Christ. aminations, and serve on committees appointed While Chrstian women render the major part by the Ministry of Education to draft new curric- of such volunteer service, the men are not far be- ula for elementary and secondary schools. Re- hind. Their WIOrk is more largely on boards and cently when the Ministry of Education wished to committees, and in furnishing funds for the con- open Government nurs,ing schools they asked for duct of Christian enterprises. When to the Prot- half the time of three American missionary nurs- estants we add the Roman and Greek Catholic and es for three years. to start this work. Here was other volunteer workers, it is clear that mankind is an opportunity to render a unique service to Iran.

not wholly engrossed in the pursuit of money and Christianity in Iran faces new opportunities and pleasure. Sacrificial service is honored among all it is time to pres,s forward in the works of Chris- men-whether it is rendered in the sphere of the .tian faith and love.

State, in social welfare or the Church. Those who acknowledge allegiance to Christ are inspired by INTERDENOMINATIONAL COOPERATION His teachings and example. IN MEDICAL MISSIONS CHRISTIAN OPPORTUNITY IN IRAN Christian workers in mission lands are usually less conscious of the denOiminational distinctions The ancient land of Darius, the Persian, is and barriers than in the United States. This is attracting attention by the progress made in gov- particularly true in medicine. Dr. Edward M. ernment, in material improvements and in educa- Dodd, medical secretary of the Presbyterian tion. The Shah Riza Khan Pahlevi, is 'absolute Board of Foreign Missions, in his Founder's Day ruler of about nine million people. While Islam is address at the Clifton Springs Sanitarium and the recognized religion, and Moslem "doctors of Clinic, said: "It is an 'old saw' that there is no law" wield great influence, there is more religious distinctively Methodist medicine or Presbyterian liberty in Iran than there has been. – The Govern- surgery, no difference between Baptist and Episment seeks to take an impartial attitude toward copalian diagnoses – whatever may be said for all religion and Zoroastrianism, Judaism and Baptist hydrotherapy! Christianity are all recognized. Some officials are – "Most of the large mission medical hospitals in Christians or are very friendly toward Christiani- the field are union institutions in which various ty. "ASia matter of fact, (says a recent Bulletin), denominational groups collaborate. more limitations have been plraced on Mohammedan ceremonies, such as the famous. Moharram cele- "At this end of the line (in America) the Misbrations, than on Christian activities. . The sion Boards have had a joint examining office for Moslem ecclesiastics, who formerly often exer- several years in New York City and last summer cised more authority than government officials, a Christian Medical Council for Overseas Work have been reduced in number and are largely was organized. stripped of power." "There is still so much to be done, so large a In Iran today Evangelical Christians are quite medical and Christian contribution to be made in medical missions, that a life-time service should free to conduct preaching and worship services be devoted to this work. The chief hazards and handicaps today are the extreme phases of nationand to carryon evangelistic effort. Schools are alism in some countries which may in time shut even allowed to give Christian instruction to out foreign doctors, even though a country may Christian students; the government requires all not be adequately supplied with its own physicians elementary pupils to take examinations in the and hospitals. The Church at home should supteachings of their own faith. Missionaries and port and promote this arm of Christian missions Iranian evangelists hold public services to which while there is opportunity." Moslems and other non-Christians are freely in-

Church in Arabia Salutes You*

By PAUL W. HARRISON, M.D., Muscat I ~ .. – i Missionary of the Reformed Church in America ,~========================~I A RABIA is a small country, small in population good news? Everything that is recorded of His .L. at least. Three million men and women, earthly life is part of our message, and everything more or less, are scattered over a million that we know of the significance of His death and square miles of territory. The rainfall can hardly resurrection-all of His humanity and all of His exceed an inch a. year, and perhaps no area in the deity, and in their identifi,cation is our salvation.

world is quite so poor as Arabia. The drought That message we have carried to Arahia. We and the heat and the hunger have hardened the are celebrating our fiftieth anniversary this year.

Arab into one of the great races of the world. Once upon a time there was an Irishman. Some- Mohammed lived and died there, and he still holds body asked him how he was getting along. "Very the souls of the Arabs in the hollow of his hand. badly," he saia, "starvation is staring me in the Christ told us to "Go into all the world and make face." "That," said his friend, "must be very dis- disciples. of all the nations." It would be hard to agreeable for both of you." For forty-five years discover a more difficult task than this one, the that was our situation in Arabia. Our major in- transformation of the Arabs into disciples of door sport was staring our robust sense of failure Christ. But a promise was given with that com. in the face, and it was very disagreeable for all mand. "All power is given unto me in Heaven of us.

and on earth" and "Lo, I am with you all the days." But it is not true any longer. Five years ago, It is in that power that we go out to obey the com- Dr. Dame took a trip down to the Pirate Coast mand. Not with the tepid and futile feeling that and there he preached the Gospel. He did not have men ought to become disciples, but the confident much time for preaching, and perhaps he did not conviction that they will do so. Everything de- preach it very well; but Abdur Razzak listened pends' on this. If we succeed in making men dis- and walked right into the Kingdom of God as a ciples of Christ we succeed in our task. If we fail result of what he heard. It was a gift of God to here, we fail. His workers in Arabia, and we thanked Him and And in carrying out this difficult command, al- took courage.

most the most important equipment of all is a Forty-five years ago, Zaharah was born in Bah- robust sense of failure which refuses to be satis- rein. She did not live a monotonous life, and after fied with anything short of genuine discipleship. she married Mohammed, neither did he. She Human nature is weak and there are two direc- would quarrel with her husband more and more tions in which we tend to slip out from under the industriously until finally there was a major ex- pressure. The first is the wishful thought that if plosion; her husband, having patiently endured only we can provide a man with a shirt, having in many hard words and curses, would lose his it one hole instead of two, we will thereby save his temper, too. After some years Mohammed took soul. The doctors are the ones who yield here. We a second wife, Safeeah, and that made the situa- mend up the holes in a man's anatomical shirt, and tion still worse.

fondly hope that in some way this will make him Zaharah came into contact with the mission- a better man. One year we operated on three aries. She wanted something better than this life hundred hernia patients in Bahrein, and with all of disgrace and fighting and tears, but her resent- these anatomical shirts mended, the city was not ment was hot and her pride was like iron. The the least bit saved. Kingdom of God seemed very far away. But one The final interview in which Christ told us to day after a particularly disgraceful explosion she go and make disciples of all the nations was re- sat in tears in the path where she knew I would ported by Mark, and he remembered that Christ pass. Her pride was gone.

also said, "Go ye therefore and preach the Gospel "Sahib," she said, "I have done it again. What to the whole creation." We make men disciples can I do?"

by giving them the good news about Christ. What I told her that Christ would cleanse her heart of the terrible temper if she would give it com- • Report of an address given at the Madras Conference of the pletely into His hands. I led her in prayer, a word I. M. C.

[231 ]

at a time. She hesitated at the prayer, "And, God, brought over to, A:rabia and sold as slaves. NOQbie I take Safeeah to be my sister," but after a little was brought Qver as a baby, and his memory bepause she said those words too, and Christ led her gins with the bitter experiences of a slave boy into His Eternal Kingdom. Now she is the strong- whose father and mother were gone; he, a rebelest member of our Muscat group, and while she lious little .boy who wanted to run away and find has nQt led an altogether monotonous life as a them. Noobie is proof, for those who, need it, that Christian, a very splendid Christian she certainly the human spirit has a strength that cannot be has been. broken and a beauty that nothing can efface. Through forty-five years he tried to, escape, and Mobarrek was a sceptic. His first wife was a blows and irons were CQmmQn, but his spirit relittle wild thing, and he at that time was not much otherwise, but they were utterly devoted to each fused to break. other. Then the twin babies came. Out of the After many efforts, which failed, there came valley of the shadQw they came alone. The mo,ther remained behind. Mobarrek never got over that. one which succeeded. At sundown while he was He tried other matrimonial experiments, and a paying the penalty for a previous. unsuccessful bad time was had by all. He became our best com- effQrt, and was wearing the manacles which are pounder, and a very splendid perso,nal friend. their reward, a wandering camel came Qver to However, to the message of Christ he seemed ut- where he was standing. Mounting, irons and all, terly impervious. The mQre he heard of the Gos- he raced savagely thrQugh the night until Muttreh pel the more devout a Moslem he became. One and safety were only eight miles away. There he night I was led to share with him some of my o,wn left the camel dying behind him, and half-crept, deep experiences. The death of his first wife had half-walked over the weary miles that remained. been a desolating experience, and its scars were Providence was with him this time, fQr he met no still on his soul. I had walked in that path too,. Arab anxious to, send him back into the Purgatory It is not easy to share experiences of that sort, .but from which he was escaping, and at last he it is in the deep recesses of our SQuls that Christ dragged himself thrQugh the gates into the delecsaves us, and in that hour of sharing Mobarrek table city. A friendly blacksmith remQved his put his hand in Christ's and has fQund in Him an heavy jewelry and the British CQnsul gave him absolute Master ever since. He leads the Muscat his freedom. When Mobarrek walked into, the group with a love and a maturity that are superb. Kingdom Qf GQd, NQQbie fQllowed him, and the two, have been inseparable cQmpanions Qf the King And Noobie. Who is Noobie? He was a slave ever since. Qf the Bedouins for fQrty-five years. He has been a slave of Jesus Christ for three. AIQng the Mik- And so, the Church which is in Arabia salutes ron coast of Baluchistan tribal raids are common, YQU, yQur brQthers and partakers with yQU in the and the women and children who are captured are tribulation and KingdQm and patience which are in Jesus.

. SOME AFRIOANS' ANSWERED PRAYERS In a sixth grade Bible class in the West Africa MissiQn, the questiQn was asked: "Men- tion sQmething GQd has given you in answer to, prayer."

The fQllQwing answers were fQund among the papers handed in by the pupils. MQt MebomQ said, "I first became a Christian, but my mQther refused to, believe. She preferred the faith Qf my father and her father. But I prayed GQd fQr two, years and she now is a fQllQwer Qf Christ." Nkoe Le'e said, "When my brother's wife died and left a small baby, he wanted me to, take care of it fQr him, even though I was just an unmarried schQQI bQY. But I prayed God that he would give me wisdQm and patience and He did. Today the baby is big and has gQne to, live with his father. I cared fQr him a whole year." MbazQng Zok said, "When I was Qn vacation, it looked as though I CQuld nQt PQssibly find work to make the mQney to, buy my school books and pay GQvernment taxes. I knew I CQuld not CQme back to, schQQI withQut these things so, I prayed GQd with all the strength and hunger in my heart and He put it into, the hearts Qf my friends and they gave me palm kernels to, crack that I sold until I had money enQugh fQr everything." Angumu Kak said, "I was IQst in the fQrest Qne night. I knew a leopard WQuld eat me be- fQre morning and my heart was filled with fear. So, I prayed GQd that He WQuld take care Qf me. Next morning, God showed me the path that led to, my village."-Presbyterian Board News.

Twenty~Six Thousand

Were Converted An Experience of the Church in West Africa ~ –<ilil By the REV. L K. ANDERSON, Metet, Camoroun I THE West Africa Mission of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., has had a remarkable growth in recent years. But the knowledge of the untouched thousands in the Cameroun, and the many weak members of the Church, led the Mission to plan a general evangelistic campaign for Christ. The Bulu have a word that describes it oban, meaning "a raid to capture slaves and booty." This campaign was to capture men and women for Christ.

The forces and supplies for this campaign were appraised. The spiritual ammunition was gath- ered in the truth of the Gospel, simple enough to be understood by the least educated. Messages of God's plan of salvatiO'n were printed at the mis- sion press. A strategy was thought out, flexible enough to suit the need of every station and tribe.

Then, according to traditional native procedure, advance scouts were sent out to reconnoitre. For three months the Christians became scouts, visit- ing every hut in the entire district, returning to camp with news of thO'se whO' had been persuaded to' surrender. Then Believers gathered in camps, not like slave raiders to leap into the air driven A WOMAN OF THE NGORO TRIBE by the frenzy O'f a fiendish tom-tom, nor to sweat in contO'rtiO'ns around a flaming pyre of a captive name. The headman is a kindly soul, yet he was slave, but to spend hours in united prayer. And trusted by nO'ne. He attributes his success in at- hO'W earnestly they prayed for those who had re- taining the chieftainship to Mohammedan magic fused to' hear and for the scO'rners and sorcerers! which he bO'ught in his youth. Nominally, he is a There were three mO'nths O'f calm, prayerful prep- Mohammedan, but he and his tribe are ruled by aration for the Gospel of Peace. a fanatical belief in witchcraft. For ten years the A week of preparatory preaching and visitation MissiO'n struggled against this blighting fear, the was followed by a mass meeting on Sunday morn- tiny school gaining an occasional convert to ing. It toO'k long intO' the afternoon merely to strengthen the little Christian community. Things register the names of the hundreds whO' came pro- seemed brighter at times, until the customary an- fessing their faith in Christ as Saviour. As the nual orgy O'f fiendish deviltry drove all semblance campaign gathered impetus, many marveled, and of faith from the feeble followers of the New Way.

some even became fearful of the power that had The missionary arrived at NgorO' late one after- been unleashed. Miracles were of daily occur- noon to' find the one man thought strong enough renee, unexpected conversions of those long to be ordained an elder of the church in his cO'm- prayed for thrilled the Christian communities. munity, lying on his cot bruised and bleeding. It For ten years. a little struggling band of Be- was found that two days before he had been set lievers had tried to capture Ngoro, the largest upon by the men of the tribe when he refused to town of the interesting little tribe O'f the same participate in the horrible heathen practices de~ [233]

manded by the headman. At first he refused to. who. were willing to' make a public prQfessiQn Qf tell the story but after considerable persuasiQn their faith in Jesus Christ. This meant no.thing recQunted the tale of the fiendish machinatiQn Qf less than incurring the wrath Qf the headman, the fear-stricken chief. The gQvernment census and yet seventy-nine men and women came fQr- ward, and remained to. unburden their hearts and AN AFRICAN FETISH HUT seek CQurage fro.m the leaders. One year later sixty-eight Qf these CQnverts were still hQlding true to. their pledge and came back fQr a week to. be instructed in the meaning Qf GQd's grace and truth.

This is Qne instance Qf many thrQughQut SQuth- ern CamerQun. The MissiQn hQped and prayed fQr fifteen thQusand peo.ple to' be WQn fQr the Master. By the end o.f twelve mQnths Qver twenty-six thQu- sand had been enrQlled as beginners in the "Tribe Qf God."

What is the secret o.f the power that some men have enabling them to. sway multitudes and bring them to. a saving knQwledge Qf Jesus Christ? Wherein lay the Po.wer Qf SpurgeQn, Mo.o.dy and Qthers? Is it persQnality or eloquence, ability to. appeal to. the emQtiQns Qr is it a more complete consecratiQn to. Christ? Evidently none Qf these gifts, singly or combined, are sufficient in them- selves. Some men seem to. PQssess them and yet they are only ordinary, faithful pasto.rs Qf the shQwed that the tribe was decreasing rapidly, the A NGORO WIDOW, IN MOURNING COSTUME birth rate was abno.rmally IQW and infant mQrtality was high. The cause eQuId be attributed to. flock. What causes periQdic o.utbreaks Qf Christhe filth and disease resulting frQm the immQ- tian interest and enthusiasm which often center r:ality and carelessnessamQng the peQple o.f the arQund Qne man and so.metimes result in the CQntribe. But the chief blamed the WQmen – the versio.n of many? usual scape-gQat in Africa. He decided that they needed new blQo.d in the tribe; so., on a given day, all the WQmen were herded into. a little grQve Qf trees, stripped Qf what little clQthing they had, and were made to. lie dQwn by little ditches while dQgs. were butchered. Their blQQd flQwed down and was lapped up by the pl'Qstrate wo.men.

It was to. this rite that Mbassa, the Christian elder, refused to. go.. Then he was bQund by fQrest vines and was dragged by fQrce to. be an invQluntary spectator at the disgusting spectacle.

No. WQnder that the team o.f evangelists, chQsen to. sto.rm this citadel Qf Satan, walked the weary miles to. NgQrQ with prayers Qn their lips but scant hQpe in their hearts. A little grQUP o.f Believers, led by a faithful gra;duate Qf the missiQn theQlQgical schQQI, welco.med the visitQrs, and the week's campaign began.

Sunday mQrning the little mud chapel was filled to. Qverflo.wing. AlmQst every person in the tQwn was present, except unfQrtunately, the headman, who. was away Qn a gQvernment errand. The fQur members Qf the team, led by the cQnsecrated Bulu pasto.r, preached with spiritual PQwer. At the clQse Qf the service an invitatiQn was given to all

SAINT LUCAS OF ALLAHABAD

The movement we have descdbed marked a trial and Normal Schools, African helpers of every mighty surge of a mass of humanity, turning from description, government employees, interpreters the lowest depths of sin-cursed filth to march to of divers kinds of tongues, as God had set them the heights. of a knowledge of God in Jesus Christ. in the Church, offered willingly of their time and What caused such a spiritual phenomenon ? It was strength. not brought about through an individual but by a whole army of devoted souls. Every one of them The decision of the Mission, the plan of camknew that they had received supernatural power paign, the prayers offered, and the messages to which they reacted in simple faith by fearless preached, proved once again that the Holy Spirit testimony. Ministers, lay preachers., teachers, is the only agent by whom Jesus Christ must be doctors, instructors and apprentices of the Indus- preached when He is glorified and in full control this will result in the salvation of men.

Saint Lucas of Allahabad By DR. and MRS. SAM HIGGINBOTTOM and others I N MISSIONARY circles in northern India JAMES JOSEPH LUCAS AT NINETY-ONE James Joseph Lucas was a unique institution. He was so deeply, vitally Christian. Jesus I first met Dr. Lucas on November 18, 1903, in Christ was so real to him, and he seemed to have Allahabad. I saw him last in Lahore on March cultivated such a habit of constant communion, the 25th, 1938, when I had chhoti hazrie (early that it was a benediction to be in his presence. morning tea) with him. His mind was as clear Though only two might be present to the eye, one the last time I saw him when he was in his ninetywas always conscious that the Third was there. first year as it was the first time when he was More than any other human being I have ever fifty-four. F'or many years he and his wife had known, Dr. Lucas seemed to carry with him a read "Daily Light" together, and that morning on peculiar spiritual atmosphere. When he would the train I had received comfort from the readgo into meetings, where feelings were running ings for the day. I was being sent home to Amerhigh or where things were being said in the heat ica to make an appeal on behalf of the Allahabad of argument that did not help to calm the troubled Agricultural Institute and did not feel at all sure water, Dr. Lucas by his very presence would that I was doing the wisest thing. The reading change the atmosphere. for that day had removed all my doubts. Dr. Lucas was reading George Bowen's daily selection Never have I known any other man so generous for the day and this too was a deeply spiritual and kindly in his judgment of others, even those and helpful message. who differed most from him and fought him with determination. In the thirty-five years I have known him, especially in dealing with those who opposed him, he seemed to have learned with the Apostle Paul that Love is ready to believe the best and to bear all things. There seemed to be no other man to whom so many people in trouble have gone-young and old, men and women, Indian and non-Indian, religious and non-religious. In trouble they seemed to gravitate to Dr. Lucas; there to find wise counsel. For those who were slipping and had lost their grip-to come to him meant renewed hope and faith and courage. More than most other men he seemed to know what was in man-the wickedness and deceit and sinfulness of the human heart; but he knew also One who was mighty to save even to the uttermost and so there was never a note of despair. He believed that if the wrong doer would submit himself to God, there he would find abundant mercy and forgiveness.

In the early days in Allahabad I would go, on ing for over 68 years against the principalities college holidays, with Dr. Lucas into the villages and powers of darkness. He never lost faith that where he did evangelistic work. There I gained an Jesus is an all-sufficient Saviour for all who accept insight into the physical, mental and spiritual pov- Him; he was able to strengthen the faith of others erty of the village people of India. When I dis- and now he has been granted an abundant encussed with him the idea of the Agricultural In- trance into that City whose Builder and Maker is stitute, the "Mount Hermon" on the hanks of the God. Jumna River, he could not see the need for it at first; but as a result of our discussions he was How to Spell "Disappointment" convinced that this effort would be used by the Lord Jesus to hasten the coming of His Kingdom Once in a time of peculiar stress he came over to northern India. After I had studied agricul- to the farm and found me in the barn among the ture in America and returned with him to the vil- oxen. We sat on the manger and he said: lages, I pointed out some things that were among the causes of their economic disability. "For 40 "Did I ever tell you how I learned to spell disapyears," said Dr. Lucas, "I have been going into pointment with an 'H'?" Indian villages and there was much that puzzled me, but seeing the village through your eyes has "No," I replied. explained much." "Then, I will tell you," he said. "When I was Many of the most spiritual missionaries could ready to start for India, my sister was lying ill of not understand the purpose of the Agricultural typhoid fever at our home at Danville, Kentucky. Institute. Some spoke of it as a "fifth wheel My mother had planned to come to see me off at to the coach," concerned with material things and the boat at New York, but when my sister was so as a diversion of the primary purpose of Chris- ill, she was greatly disturbed to know what to do. tian missions. Through all the heated controversy Finally the neighbors persuaded her that every- Dr. Lucas never wavered. When I was tempted thing possible was being done for my sister, so she to be discouraged he would come and put his hand left with me. We reached New York on Wedneson my shoulder and say, "Higginbottom, every day day morning and I expected to sail that afternoon. I pray for two things for you: First, that you will Mother planned to catch the evening train back continue your work, and second, that God will to Kentucky. Then the Board Secretary came and give you patience." This confidence of Dr. Lucas said, 'The Board finds that there is the largest in me enabled me to go on and work through the number of foreign missionaries being sent out at darkest days, when all I said or did was misunder- one time in the history of the Board, so we have stood. Dr. Lucas lived to see his faith justified, decided to have a big farewell meeting tomorrow, and now all over the world, whether it is Kagawa and I want you to change your sailing date from in Japan or Sir Wilfred Grenfell on the Labrador, Wednesday to Friday.' " or Dr. Alfred Schweitzer in Africa, rural missionaries the world over are seeing and understanding "At first I felt that I didn't want to do this, as the relationship between spiritual and physical I knew how anxious my mother was to return to and mental poverty; what gets rid of one is likely her sick daughter and I did not wish to keep her to help get rid of the others. The rural folk of the over. But after I prayed about it, I finally said backward countries are poor to a degree that to the Board Secretary, 'All right, I will stay.' So America knows little about. When our Lord stood I took part in the meeting and sailed on Friday. up in the synagogue at Nazareth and declared that At the Prince's Landing Station at Liverpool, news the Spirit of the Lord was upon him because he placards told of the loss of the ship on which I had sent him "to preach the Gospel to the poor," was to have sailed on Wednesday. Only one perhe proclaimed the day of release for the world's son was saved in that wreck. I was impressed by rural billion, most of whom live in dire poverty. the fact that God had intervened to prevent my Christ was ,to heal the broken-hearted; He was to sailing on that steamer as I had planned and that set the captive free; He was to preach deliverance He had a work for me to do for Him in India. to them that are bound. This is the only program Then it was that I learned to spell disappointment that is adequate to meet man's need. Dr. Lucas with an 'H'-not 'disappointment,' but 'Hisapsaw this and earnestly helped to carry out our pointment.' " Lord's program. This was always his philosophy of life when James J. Lucas was graduated from Center Col- things did not go in the way he had thought they lege, Kentucky, in 1865, from Yale University in should. He would wait upon God to find out what 1867 and from Princeton Theological Seminary in God was trying to teach him. 1870. He arrived in India in the autumn of 1870 and died in India in January of 1939, after work- It would be difficult to explain all that this view of disappointment has meant in my life. Thirty- five years of close association with Dr. Lucas has meant much to me, and many others remember him as the most Christ-like man they have ever known. He did not seek to escape the pain and

disappointment of the world but he went boldly the man condemn Wanamaker for selling poker forward knowing that where "sin did abound chips while he professed Christianity. Dr. Lucas grace did much more abound." pushed through the crowd and interrupted the speaker, saying: "Sir, Mr. Wanamaker is a friend By MRS. HIGGINBOTTOM of mine and a friend of God, and I do not wish you to say anything against him, even if he does sell The homey Indian bungalow of Dr. and Mrs. poker ti·ps I" The crowd howled, the soap box Lucas gave us a welcome many a time when my orator was confused, and Dr. Lucas smiled and husband and I were confused by the new language led in prayer. It was all so natural and sincere and the new religions, or when new joys or new that it captivated even the careless street throng. sorrows came upon us. He seemed to sense our moods, and with a radiant face would say, "I Dr. Lucas afterward said, "I did not know what found a beautiful promise for me today as my wife the man was talking about; but I was not going and I read 'Daily Light' together early this morn- to have him denounce my friend and call in quesing." The promise seemed to fit our needs as well. tion his loyalty to the Lord." For many years, whenever he married a couple, Dr. Lucas gave them the little book with the hope Once, when we were praying about Allahabad that they too would form the habit of reading it and the general work in India, Dr. Lucas sobbed and praying together every morning. like a child, muttering, "Lord, give us this land which we so love I" Mrs. Lucas, who died in 1931, mothered all the missionaries and made them feel at home around By FRANK G. CORNELIUS her table. Her courtesy and love were also extended to Indian Christians. During my first Looking always to Jesus Christ and living like year I had been sick, my servants were a problem, the Master he served, loving and kind, Dr. Lucas the language was difficult and I was ready to weep. was an inspiration to many a soul. Many years Quick as a flash a missionary friend said to me: ago I had the privilege of working for him in my "Come, change your dress and come with me to professional capacity as "stenographer" when he see Mrs. Lucas." I was an unbidden guest at a dictated to me the "Biography of Robert Stewart lunch party but was welcomed so cordially that Fullerton," and "Commentary on the Epistle to there was no chance to apologize for breaking in the Hebrews" in English. I found that his faith on an invited company. in Jesus was deeper than one could ordinarily comprehend and his life foundations were laid on Dr. Lucas, more than anyone we knew, mani- the "Rock of Ages." fested the Love which is patient, kind, knows no jealousy, makes no parade, is never rude, never By A. RALLA RAM of Allahabad selfish, never resentful (even under strong provocations); is always slow to expose, always eager We always called Dr. Lucas the "st. John" of to believe the best, always hopeful. Hundreds of our time. His face was radiant with the glow of people, Indians and Americans, would heartily a joyous Christian. His gentleness, humility, genendorse that statement. erosity and affection were so infectious and real. We used to make opportunities to seek his study Whenever Dr. Lucas spoke in the church or at a for inspiration and strength. Never did he let us prayer meeting, one heard the comments on every go without prayer. Up till the close of his life his hand: "His face shone." "His goodness glows in delight was in the Scriptures, and their great him." His daughter's death was a terrible shock promises and assurances filled his mind. Who can and sorrow, but at the funeral service he spoke of tell how much literature poured forth from his the lovely influence of her life and of the certain pen to exalt his Master as Saviour and Lord of hope of seeing her again. His radiant, smiling men? face revealed his deep faith and was the means of strengthening the faith of those who were present. By REV. JAMES L. GRAY of Jagadhri By DR. JOHN TIMOTHY STONE He "walked with God." I can think of no better way of describing the life of our dear friend. When Dr. Lucas was my guest at the Brown There was a peculiar radiance about all he said Memorial Church of Baltimore thirty-five years and did that made us all feel that he was conscious ago, he had recently called to see John Wana- of another Presence ever at his. side. To meet him maker who had visited India and was much inter- on the roads of Landour; to talk with him in his ested in the work 'he saw there. The great mer- book-lined study; to see that sHyer hair and the chant was exceedingly busy and as Dr. Lucas be- uplifted hands in Kellogg Church-was always to came tired of waiting, he walked out on the street be made aware of an utter devotion to his Master for a little exercise. Passing a crowd that was and an intimate communion with Him that always being addressed by a soap box orator he heard made me feel that God was near. The place of

prayer was to him the place where "he took off By MR. C. THOMAS his shoes from off his feet" for the ground was indeed most holy. In the quiet of his study; at I can never forget the visit I paid Dr. Lucas at the grave-side with bereaved friends, or in church, his son's house in LahDre Dn March 1, 1938. Dr. that quiet yet thrilling voice was heard pleading Lucas had been ill, but on the previous evening he the promises of God, and leading us with holy was seen standing at the gate of his house giving boldness to the throne of the eternal Father. tracts to. the passers-by. He believed in the power Dr. Lucas was always busy for God and His Kingdo.m. On his daily constitutiDnals you met of the printed page. The faith and prayer life of him with tracts and Gospels in his hand, and a George Muller of Bristol had influenced him a happy word of cheer to coolie, soldier and mission- gDod deal. His own prayer life was known to all ary. In his study he worked with patient dili- his assDciates-the ease with which he would pass gence in English and in Urdu, seeking to give from conversation with men sitting with him to form to anything which he felt would enrich his conversation with GDd. One of his two. surviving fellOW-Christians.. His outlook on mDdern mis- students whom he taught at the Saharanpur TheosiDnary problems was sane and progressive, and logical Seminary said that Dr. Lucas loved his stuhis understanding and sympathy profound. Never dents and taught them by his example how to love did his evangelistic fervor ,lag. Often his zeal, his one another. He preached love and practiced love. piety, his faithfulness have been to me, as a much younger missiDnary, a reproof and a much-needed Dr. Lucas was a Christian saint. Many of us urge and stimulus. feel that nothing can be more helpful to young Christians, Indian and foreign, than a biography of this saintly missionary.

By A., RUSSELL GRAHAM of Indore By HOWARD E. ANDERSON To come to India at the age of twenty-three-tD spend 68 years in the Master's service here-to Editor of "The United Church Review" thrDw aside the well-worn earthy cloak with glad abandon and enter joyfully into His glorious pres- Dr. Lucas was a saint of God. Of few peDple ence. What a life! What a course to' run! So can this be said with the same absence of restraint old in years-so young in spirit! So. spiritual that and the same assurance Df agreement on the part his every cDnversation spDke of an Unseen Presof such a wide circle of acquaintances, and friends ence-yet so beautifully "human"! A saint, a true as he had. His saintliness was revealed in his saint Df God-yet reckoning himself as chief of countenance, the tone Df his voice and his conver- sinners! For he gloried in the Cross of Christ satiDn. Others may praise him fo.r his achieve- and all fDr which that "stumbling block" stood. To. ments, and they were many; but in the realm o.f personal contact, no Dne can tell the number of know Dr. Lucas was to. know Christ better. To. lives he touched for the glory of God. have fellowship with him was, to. desire a more in- The saintliness Df Dr. Lucas was shown in his timate fellowship with the Master. prayers, in what he talked about, in the thDUghts to which he gave expressiDn. They were largely By DR. FRED M. PERRILL Scriptural, fDr he was saturated with Scripture. God's Word was his meat and drink. For years Editor of "The Indian Witness" he lived in constant expectatiDn of the return of Dur Lord. I presume that is what gave him such Dr. J. J. Lucas, the friend of all, was bDrn in calm and repose at funerals, yea, even at the funeral of his own daughter which he himself CDn- Ireland, August 21, 1847, and came to. India in ducted.. He used to say that we who are alive at that advent time shall in no wise "prevent" them 1870. He had finished thirty-six years' service in that are asleep. To him it was indeed a blessed India when I arrived-a fairly long term Df servhope. ice; but for him it was barely half Df the tDtal years he was to give to India. The experience of death was for him an experience of "falling asleep." He grew more and Dr. Lucas had a remarkable memory and used more tired and expressed his desire to. depart. In it in a most helpful way. He must have held many Dehra Dun, a little more than a month before his death, Dr. Lucas spoke to us about a portion of to. a worthy pitch of effort by his encDuragement.

God's Word that had meant much to. him. It was He was a man Df cDnvictions, but he believed that earnest Christian brethren could find a way to that beautiful beatitude, "Blessed are the pure in understand each other. He did not think that heart; for they shall see God." He smilingly ex- bluster and bombast were substitutes for calm and plained that the beatitudes are for the present and considerate thinking. He was a mDdern "fundanot for the future. "So," he said, "the pure in mentalist," but most of all he had a vital Chrisheart shall see GDd now." tian experience and a heart filled with Christian love. For him to live was Christ, but having lived almost a century and having finished the course and kept the faith, certainly fDr him "to. die" was gain. Who. follows in his train?

Fingers for

Cooperative Service to the Spiritual Life of the Blind By the REV. LEWIS BIRGE CHAMBERLAIN, New York General Secretary of the John Milton Society for the Blind BLINDNESS is decreasing among children but when they could see; but only a small portion be- increasing among adults in America. Better come literate through their finger tips.2 After an care· at birth, in infancy and childhood ex- acquaintance with the problem of the literate Blind plains the decrease. Among adults, however, are that began twenty years ago, through supplying not only the historic disease causes and the more embossed Scriptures to them as one of my duties recent hazards and accidents of industry and mod- as a secretary of the American Bible Society, my ern life but also the increase in longevity and, sur- amazement and admiration continue to grow over prisingly, such modern causes as "high blood the achievement of the Blind in using fingers for pressure, hardening of the ar- eyes. It involves real intelli- teries and diabetes." 1 More gence, will power, persistence, than half the Blind in the and, particularly, a sensitive- United States are over fifty- ness in finger tips. Highly edu- five years of age, and there are cated adults are sometimes 11 per cent more blind men frustrated. What of those of than women.1 small education and hardened Though it may seem para- finger tips?

doxical, it really is natural that During recent years em- reading means more to the bossed magazines and books in sightless than to the sighted. Braille 3. have been appearing The Blind are cut off from or- in increased numbers, chiefly dinary life and activities and through generous appropria- have extra time to read and to tions by the United States Con- think. It is a frequent, though gres.s. Public funds, however, not inevitable result, that their are not used for religious lit- thoughts turn to the inner life erature.

-the spiritual; and they desire How then is the spiritual help in Christian life and serv- need and hunger of the sight- ice–the "new life" that grows less being met? Inadequately and gives to others. Many thus and incompletely. The great find blindness a blessing. HELEN KELLER READING HER Protestant churches of Amer- The loss of sight has roused JOHN MIL1'ON MAGAZINE ica-Baptist, Methodist, Pres- byterian and others, from sympathy through the ages.

Christ seemed peculiarly sensitive about it and the whose ranks the bulk of the literate Blind come, Gospels record more miracles by him to cure have neglected for decades both their own blindness than any other physical ailment. In 2 It is estimated that there are some 130,000 Blind in the United America, especially in recent years, much has been States, Gf whGm SGme 25,000 can read Braille. Some tWG Gr three done by both private and public effort, to lighten thGusand whose fingers are not sensitive enough to read the small this great handicap. Braille points, can read the Moon system which, fGr the Blind, is what large type Is to the sighted. In Braille the basis Is an em- The Literate Blind bossed domino six set upright and so small that the finger tip of a child can cover It. TG the uninitiated the fact of a single unit might "Fingers for Eyes" focuses attention, not on imply simplicity, but In it liefl complexity. All tbe letters Gf the the Blind generally, but on those who can read alphabet, all punctuation marks, all capitals, italics, underscoring, all without sight. numerals are made by omissions and combinations of these six pOints. Not only must the mind register and remember what each combina- Doubtless most who become Blind could read tion represents, but the fingers must register the relative positions of these pOints. For example, the single point may occur in any 1 Report of the Public Health Service on January 21, 1939. one of six pGs·itions and a two-point combiIlation may be made in eighteen ways.

3 "Talking Books"-that Is phonograph records of books, and the radio are real boons to the Blind and are being made available by Congress appropriation in considerable numbers. However, they do not take the place of books one may read and study and ponder any more for the sightless than they would for the Sighted.

[239 ]

Blind 4 and the other Blind who form a part of the who reside in all but one of the States and in great home missions field. The relatively heavy twenty-eight other lands. This wide distribution expense of embossed printing, and the relatively is almost entirely due to the activities and interlimited number of Blind affiliated with each de- est of blind readers themselves. They have a way nomination, are chiefly responsible for this fact. of passing magazines from one to another and this diminishes the expense of circulation. The The John Milton Society foreign circulation has come entirely through the Blind them,selves. Illustrations are constant. A Realization of this neglect, and appeals of the blind reader in Texas passes her copy to a blind Blind themselves for help in their spiritual life man in the same city who then sends it to a fel- low blind Hebrew in London who eventually places RE'ADING BRAILLE it in a Hebrew home for the Blind, and reports that "they holler for more." Inmates of homes or and service, brought about the incorporation of institutions for the Blind make one or two copies the "John Milton Society," taking its name from suffice for all their members. A few copies sent to one who despite his own blindness rendered great a State School for the Blind are read by many older service to generations of those having eyes to read. pupils for their own pleasure and then are read by The Society is sponsored by the Councils of them to younger pupils not yet literate with their Home Missions, both general and women's, and fingers. Home teachers of the Blind lend their by the International Council of Religious Educa- copies to their students. A blind American mistion. Its purpose and field were defined as the sionary in China enj oys her own copy and passes supply of general religious magazines, Sunday it on to her blind Chinese teachers who use it with school lessons or Bible stUdies, and religious books. their blind pupils. A masseuse in Jerusalem gains In 1932 the monthly John Milton Magazine was refreshment herself and tells her patients what launched for adults and in 1935 the monthly, Dis- she has read. covery, for boys and girls. Both are in "Braille." In 1937 a small book of standard hymns, words Nearly one hundred blind ministers, missionand music in Braille, the first of its kind, was aries (both home and foreign), and evangelists, issued. 5 The production of three books has been acclaim the John Milton Magazine for the aid it authorized this year: "Daily Devotions," "Sun- gives them in their work and life. Twenty-one day School Manual for Teachers" and "Christmas American denominations are represented by the Carols." The two magazines are free, as are the blind ministry. Some are active pastors and Sunday school papers for the sighted; but gifts preachers and often prepare their sermons from from readers toward their production are encour- the John Milton Magazine. Some are evangelists,; aged and received. The sale of books helps to meet their cost. BLIND GIRLS USING BRAILLE HYMN BOOK The 2,500 monthly copies of the two magazines some home mis!sionaries; some retired and lonely now reach from 10,000 to 12,000 blind readers, and eager for good reading. All are grateful.

• To their credit a few religious bodies have been responding to Among nearly eight hundred letters (several this need but they are exceptions and the activity of most is quite hundred in Braille) from blind readers recently recent. Also they are all keen on their own peculiar teachings. received, about five hundred came from those who Naming them somewhat on the length of their service, they are: attend Sunday school, and of these over two hun- Roman Catholic, the Seventh-Day Adventist, the Church of God, dred are actually Sunday school teachers, some Theosophist, Christian Science, Episcopal, Hebrew and a branch of the Lutheran.

• This year the two magazines are being continued; though a long-standing appeal for a magazine in "Moon" is still deferred because it Is a recurring expense without money as yet provided. "Moon" is to the blind what large print is to those wh<> see.

USING FINGERS FOR EYES

school superintendents – a truly noteworthy English in Holland wishes its stories to pass on record.6 to his scholars.

Sixty denominations listed in the Federal The John Milton Magazine collates and con- Church Year Book are represented by these read- denses its general articles from denominational ers, some of whom are members of religious and interdenominational religious publications.7 groups not listed. What other thousands represent we do not know. Apparently a large portion BLIND SUNDAY SCHOOL TEACHER (RIGHT) WITH of the blind readers are not connected with any HER SIGHTED CLASS religious organization. Many are too isolated or too physically restricted. Yet all eagerly receive Intentionally interdenominational, special care is and use these definitely evangelical Christian mag- taken to bring to the Blind, though in much conazines. They need this help even more perhaps densed form, choice articles-devotional, informathan the blind ministers and Sunday, school teach- tional, inspirational, and missionary-from variers. What a field for home mission work! It is a ous sources 7 which the sighted enjoy. The Sunday real privilege to have a share in such a service of school lessons have been condensed from those love. prepared by outstanding Sunday school workers in various denominations.s The Magazines for the Blind Half the pages of both magazines are given to The articles in the John Milton Magazine are general articles and half to treatment of the uni- varied not only in subjects to catch and hold attenform Sunday school lessons. Discovery usually tion, but in simplicity, in strength of language and has stories gathered round one theme each month, and largely from Miss Margaret Applegarth's thought, so that each issue inimitable store. The Sunday school lessons at may have a message for its present are drawn from the Methodist Illustrated variety of readers. Many tes- Quarterly. The bulk of each issue of Discovery timonies pour in, constantly goes to State Schools for the Blind which house marking the real service being most of the 6,000 to 7,000 blind school children in accomplished. Sunday school America, all facing lifelong physical darkness. It teachers say that they could is the only such magazine available to the blind not teach without the magachildren of our great land. Individual copies also zine's Sunday school lesson go far and wide. For example: A grandmother helps. One man in Alrubama in Buenos Aires receives a copy to read to her recently wrote that he had taught a large adult Bible two daughters who are Sunday school teachers; class until blindness cut him and the stories to her own grandchildren who are off. Then he learned Braille, entranced. A blind missionary in Shanghai trans- obtained the John Milton lates some of its stories into Cantonese and into Magazine, and is now back at Mandarin, sending them to schools and scholars his post. Young and old renot using English. A Christian blind teacher of port taking part in Christian Endeavor and in missionary societies, thus having 6 The exact figures are 772 letters received from Blind readers, of a share in the life of the church. A Sunday school whom 498 attend Sunday school and 222 are teachers. 7 A recent summary showed that in the past five years, articles have been drawn from 77 denominational, 27 interdenominational and 17 general sources.

8 Drs. H. C. Moore, Baptist So. (several quarters); C. A. Hauser, Christian and Reformed; M. Stevenson, Disciples; L. H. Bugbee, Methodist; E. ];'. Ziegler, Presbyterian; C. P. Wiles, United Lu- theran; Miss M. Tarbell, J. H. Snowden, G. L. Robinson and D. D. Burrell. The last four publish their lessons in non-denominational form.

teacher from Australia eagerly asks for the mag- "I keep it by my bed to read in the sleepless azine, the existence of which he had just learned. hours of the night." The custodian of a library for the Blind in South Africa appeals for its visits. A blind Japanese "I and my blind husband live in the hills of Ver- Sunday school teacher in H3iwaii rejoices in its mont where we do not see even the postman more help. A blind Presbyterian missionary giving his than once a week. What a comfort the John Millife to India, an Episcopal rector with ten happy ton Magazine is to us both." years of service in Kansas, an Evangelical Lutheran minister, executlve officer of a State Com- Such sentences are typical expressions. Many mission for the Blind, are a few of those who a touching and telling tale could be recounted from rejoice in it. One of its earliest and strongest the correspondence. The gist of it all is that they friends is an eloquent, forceful and successful are hungry souls; eager for and sorely needing blind Methodist minister whose church is filled at such help ; and they gratefully rejoice in havevening as well as at morning services, and who ing it. is in demand as a S'peaker before school, college, Rotarian and other audiences. To serve such is Sponsored by the Councils already named, the indeed a privilege. Society is helped by contributions from some Boards of Home Mi,ssions, Education, Sunday The Major Need School, and Publication. For them, however, these years have been difficult, and their contributions The great bulk of the Blind are not ministers or furnish less than one-tenth of the heavy expense teachers. Too often they are people limited in ex- involved in producing the Brame pUblications. perience and resources, isolated in country and Additional help has come from one other organizaother localities, home-bound by physical disabili- tion interested in the spiritual welfare of the Blind ties. Not a few are deaf, others are bedridden, and the Blind themselves contribute surprisingly. many have scant education and even scantier re- But it is necessary to secure 700/0 of the budget sources. To them the magazine,s, bring cheer and from individuals who are blessed with sight. inspiration, help and comfort and company. Where knowledge of this work is spread, those grateful for their own physical eyesight rejoice in "Next to the Bible it is my most treasured pos- helping the sightless in their quest for spiritual session." aid and life.

ENCOURAGEMENT IN TIME OF CRISIS Rev. C. Darby Fulton, Executive Secretary of the Presbyterian Foreign Mission Commit- tee of Nashville, says that this is a day of unparalleled opportunity in mission work, and lists some outstanding reasons for encouragement: The high spiritual purpose and morale of Christian missionaries. The courage and steadfastness of the Chinese Christians. The scattering of many believers to the provinces of West China has meant that they have carried the 'contagion of their faith into areas heretofore unreached by the Gospel. The new friendship of the Chinese people for the missionary, growing out of the helpful- ness and service he has shown in this emergency. The enormously enhanced prestige of Christianity because such great national leaders as Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, Madame Chiang, and others who are guiding the nation in the present crisis, are themselves Christians. The unprecedented open-heartedness of the people toward the Gospel, with their new long- ings for the assuranecs of faith in the midst of the uncertainties of the present conflict. The return of missionaries and the reoccupation of all our stations. The large crowds attending evangelistic services throughout the country, with many con- versions and other evidences of spiritual awakening. Thousands of Korean Christians standing fast under severe persecution. The deep undercurrent of heart-hunger among the people of Japan. The bond of fellowship that remains unbroken between Japanese and Chinese Christians. The wide open doors in Africa and Brazil.

Progress i11

By REV. PHILIP S. LANDES, Sao Paulo Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., 1912- BRAZIL is, a land of great possibilities and tious and spiritually destitute. With the advent great opportunities. Among the countries of Protestant missions this situation began to be of South America, this republic occupies the changed. first place in territorial extent, population and nat- As soon as Protestant missionaries landed in ural resources. It is larger than the United Brazil, they began distrihuting the Scriptures and States (exclusive of Alaska), covering half the preaching the saving truths which they contain.

map of South America. Thus a new era dawned for the people. From the Within its bounds are vast tracts of undeveloped independence of Brazil in 1822 to the year 1936 land available for the support of human life. The about ten million copies of the Scriptures or por- greater part of the world's supply of coffee is tions of them were distributed by national work- grown in Brazil which could, if necessary, furnish ers and misslionaries.

the world with cotton and foodstuffs such as The Rev. Ashbel G. Simonton, the first Presby- manioc, corn, rice, beans, cacao, sugar, tropica1 terian missiona.ry to Brazil, began work in Rio de fruits and many other agricultural products. Janeiro in 1859. He was a man of broad vision Brazil possesses abundant water-power, vast and statesmanship and laid solid foundations for forests, extensive grazing fields, immense deposits the development of a strong national Church. The of iron and manganese, rubber of the best qual- plan adopted for the development of the work fol- ity, many medicinal plants and a great variety of lowed the lines of the missionary purpose; to win other natural products. These vast resources, men to Christ, to train them for Christian service still mostly undeveloped, are an indication of the and to organize them into churches which should great future which lies before the greatest of our become self-propagating, self-supporting and self- sister republics in the Western Hemisphere. Bra- governing. After eighty years of work, there is zil has a population of forty-five million, but, if it in Brazil a strong national Church, carrying on were as densely populated as the State of New its work independently of foreign control and Jersey, it would contain a population of more than support.

a billion and six hundred million people. The beginnings of missionary work in Brazil A question of vital importance to all of the were characterized by the conversion of individ- American republics, as well as to all Christians, uals who formed the nucleus of the Church.

is this: will Brazil, the greatest of all Latin Amer- Among those won to Christ in this initial period, ican countries, remain democratic or will she join the most notable was a Roman Catholic priest, the "totalitarian states," placing nationalism Rev. Jose Manoel da Concei~ao who was, attracted above God and freedom of worship? The peace to evangelical Christianity by the honesty of the and destiny of the entire Western Hemisphere members of the new sect. He was the first Prot- may depend upon Brazil's decision. In determin- estant minister to be ordained in Brazil, became a iug the issue, evangelical Christianity may be the tireless itinerant evangelist and traveled over decisive factor, judged from the role that Prot- great areas in Southern Brazil.

estantism has played and is playing in the life of At Jandira, in the State of Sao Paulo, there is the Brazilian' people. a fitting memorial to this consecrated evangelist, When a century ago Protestant missions began in the form of a college which is training candi- their work in Brazil, the people had practically no dates for the Gospel ministry. At present this knowledge of the Bible and its saving truths. school has some sixty stUdents, nearly all of whom For three hundred years the Bible had been an expect to preach the Gospel to their own people, unknown book to her people. .It is no wonder, after completing their training in the theological therefore, that the religion of the people consisted seminary.

in the fo'rmal performance of religious rites and Rev. Carvalho Braga, the father of Erasmo ceremonies, devoid of spirituality or vital regen- Braga, was first led to examine the claims of evan- erating power. The dominant religion had left gelical Christianity when, as a clerk in a store, the great mass of the people illiterate, supersti- he read what was on a leaf which had been torn [243 ]

from a Bible to be used as wrapping paper. This one of the elders of the church receiving instrucled to his conversion and later he did a great work tions a.bout the new Christian life into which he as a preacher and as the translator of Davis' Bible had entered. He gave up Spiritualism, drinking, Dictionary. His scholarly son, Rev. Erasmo g1ambling and even smoking, although he had been Braga, became an internationally known religious an inveterate smoker for twenty-five years. It leader in the evangelical world and presided at was a hard struggle, but Christ gave him the victhe Congress of Christian Work at Montevideo in tory. Through his example his wife was won to 1925. Christ and all his family, so that the missionary had the joy of receiving his entire family into the There have been many remarkable instances of fellowship of the Church. Senhor Alvaro became the transforming power of the Gospel in Brazil. a most enthusiastic and energetic personal worker We tell the story of but two men of recent times. and pre,acher of the Gospel. He used to stand at the door of the worship hall in Campo Grande and When Gospel work was begun in the Sta~ of buttonhole passers-by, almost compelling them to enter, in order that they might hear about the Matto Grosso, a young man heard the preaching power that had transformed his life. He has a of the Word of God, for the first time, as he lay government position which takes him to different drunk in the gutter, outside the preaching hall in localities, but wherever he goes, he witnesses to Rosario Oeste. – The Gospe~ message, as it was the Gospel as the power of God unto salvation to sung and preached, touched his heart and he came all who believe. to the missionary with this question: How the Church Is Being Built "Do you think it is possible for me to be forgiven and saved?" It is by conversion of individuals that the Church of Christ is being built up in Brazil, not No wonder he asked this question, for he was by mass movements. The Presbyterian Church of not only a drunkard but a murderer as well. At Brazil has now an adult membership of fifty thoua;bout twelve years of age he had killed a police~ sand, with a yearly increase of ten per cent. Rev. man and later had killed-several other men from Domingos. Ribeiro, in his book, "Origens do Evanambush as they were bathing in a stream. Could gelismo Brazileiro," gives the total number of he be forgiven of God? The missionary was able communicants, baptized children, catechumens to assure him that "the blood of Jesus Christ and adherents of Presbyterian churches as apcleanses us from all sin" and that "if we confess proximately three hundred thousand. More than our sins, God is faithful and just to forgive us two hundred Presbyterian national ministers in our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteous- Brazil constitute a fine body of men who have reness." The young man accepted Christ as his ceived an education not a bit inferior to that of Saviour and today is a public school teacher. He most ministers in the United States. They have conducts worship and directs a Sunday school in their own schools and theological seminaries which the far interior of the State of Matto Grosso. are independent of missionary control. The Pres- byterian churches of Brazil have been organized An Extraordinary Man into twenty-three presbyteries, four synods and one General Assembly. These bodies have been A few years ago, when a series of evangelistic compJetely nationalized and are independent of meetings was being conducted in Southern Matta missionary control. The missionaries are still do- Grosso, in the city of Campo Grande, a rather ing the pioneer work, in the interior, and as rapextraordinary man began coming to the meetings.. idly as churches reach the point of self-support, He was known as intelligent and able, but a they are turned over to the national councils. drinker and gambler. It was not unusual for him to come home at four o'clock in the morning after The Southern Baptists also have a strong work a night of dissipation. The missionary thought in Brazil, with ~bout three hundred thousand, that this man, Senhor Alvaro, would be one of the counting adults, children, catechumens and adherlast in the world to be converted, not so much on ents. The Methodists number approximately one account of his vices, but because of his erratic hundred and thirty-five thousand, the Episcopa- Spiritualistic ideas which had made him egotis- lians twenty-seven thousand and the Congregatical and self-sufficient. When an opportunity was tionalists eight thousand. There are also indegiven, at an evangelistic service, for public deci- pendent missions at work with evangelical groups sion, he was one of the first to take a stand, declar- amounting to one hundred and ninety-five thouing his intention to follow Christ. It was difficult sand. In Southern Brazil there are nearly half a to believe that he was converted. He went home million German Lutherans. In round numbers and told his wife that he was a changed man, but the total Protestant population of Brazil is estishe did not believe him. Soon after this, he failed to come home early one night and his wife went out to hunt for him, thinking to find him amongs,t his old companions. She found him at the home of

EVANGELICAL PROGRESS IN BRAZIL

mated at one and a half million, which is about in large measure, to the high grade of theological three and three-tenths per cent of the totalPOI?~ training given to the ministry from the days of ulation. Domingos Riheiro affirms for the year Simonton down to the present time. Last year 1937 that there were, in Brazil, more than three (September 8), the Presbyterian Seminary at thousand preachers of the Gospel, including lay- Campinas, in the State of Sao Paulo, celebrated preachers, and more than four thousand places of the fiftieth anniversary of its foundling. Today it worship. There is probably not a town of any has a strong faculty of scholarly men who have size in all Brazil where there is not a group of also been successful pastors. Twenty-seven stu- Christians witnessing to the power of Christ. dents were graduated in the last three graduating The evangelical churches have produced some EVANGELICAL CANDIDATES FOR THE MINISTRY FIND great religious leaders such as Alvaro Reis, a great A RATTLE'R ON THE COLLEGE CAMPU.S AT orator, pastor and evangelist; Eduardo Carlos JOSE MANOEL DA CONCEICAO Pereira, the author of a Portuguese Grammar used in all the schools of Brazil; Antonio Trajano, classes and the total enrollment last year was the author of textbooks on mathematics adopted thirty-three. This school of the prophets has proin all Brazilian schools; Erasmo Braga, scholar, duced a fine type of leadership for the Presbyteacher and religious leader who also wrote text- terian Church of Brazil. books for the youth of Brazil; Miguel Rizzo, the brilliant pastor of the large and influential Igreja It is not possible here to do justice to all of the Unida in the City of Sao Paulo, and who recently evangelical institutions at work in Brazil, includrepresented the Preshyterian Church of Brazil at ing the splendid work of the British and American the centennial celebration of the Presbyterian Bible Societies, of the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A., Church. There are many other able leaders, too the printing presses, hospitals, sanatoria and ornumerous to mention. phanages conducted under Protestant auspices. Evangelical Christianity has become a mighty The Influence of the Evangelicals force to be reckoned with in .shaping the destiny of this greatest of the Latin American republics. The Evangelicals of Brazil exert an influence far greater than would be expected from their Let no one suppose, however, that the task numerical strength. Like the Huguenots in the has been completed in Brazil. Not even four per history of France they are usually better informed cent of the total population has been evangelized. and more alert than the rank and file of their fel- The great unoccupied Hinterland is destined to receive millions of people who will need to hear low-citizens. In general, they are intelligent, in- the Good News. Besides this, in the forests of the great Amazon Basin, there are many wild Industrious, honest and patriotic, and exert a great dians who have never heard the Gospel. The task influence upon the life of the nation. of the evangelization of Brazil has been well be- gun, but it is far from completed. The nation is An account of the progress of evangelical Chris- still young and in the formative period of its existtianity in Brazil would not be complete without ence, so that now is the opportune time to lay the some reference to the contribution to education foundations for a still greater Church of Christ made by the Protestant churches. The American in Brazil. It is the part of Christian statesman- School, founded in Sao Paulo, in the early days of ship to act now, in order that the people of our missionary work, served for years as a model for great Sister Republic maybe won for Christ and the educational system of Sao Paulo, recognized may enjoy all the blessings of His full salvation. to be the most advanced state of the Union in educational matters. The American School became a great educational institution which today ministers instruction to some two thousand students in all of its courses, from the primary grades up through the Engineering School of Mackenzie College. There are numerous other important evangelical schools of higher education in Brazil, such as Granberry College at Juiz de F6ra, Gammon Institute at Lavras and Jose Manoel da Conceic;ao at Jandira. A large number of evangelical gymnasia are scattered throughout Brazil, as well as many primary schools. Some devote themselves exclusively to the education of believers and their children.

The success of the work in Brazil has been due,

of a Missionary in

~._ By REV. HENRY H. BUCHER, Nodoa, Hainan, China I I Missionary of the American Presbyterian Church [Mr. and Mrs. Bucher are just completing thei~ first ings, accounts, many details of administration; term as missionaries in Hainan, the island off the south oversight of workmen and evangelis,ts; a funeral coast of China, and recently raided by Jap'anese bombing or a wedding; then some of the Lois (aboriginees) planes and occupied in part by Japanese troops. Mr. come to buy salt or fish from us to take back into Bucher (in per,sonal letters) describes graphically some the mountains. They are so often cheated in experiences connected with mission work in Nodoa and money deals that they depend upon us to help on tours into the country. The latter reveal a few of the them. They bring their midget chickens and sell trials that a missionary encounters today in a land that them to us so that they may have a few cents to lacks good roads and many other conveniences to which buy things for their simple needs. all travelers have grown accustomed in countries where good roads, comfortable inns and gasoline stations abound. There is a satisfaction in spending and being The day of the pioneer missionary has not passed.- spent for people in need, but one practical prob- EDITOR.] R THOUGH there have been no actual raids lem I face is the problem of finding any uninter- or loss of life in Nodoa (due to Japanese rupted time for Bible study and prayer. This is raids), there have been many scares and one of the hardest problems a missionary has; to panics! Altogether this unspeakable, "unde- fa'ce-to be so busy in well-doing that it is difficult clared" war has made inroads upon our strength to keep the spiritual fires burning! This Nodoa and energy – and nerves. In all my life I have church and compound is a very live place; no- never before experienced so sustained a drain where else in Hainan is there so much activity in upon my energies, both mental and physical, as the church, or so many meetings (averaging one during this past year. . . . meeting each night and a chapel service every Mr. Melrose (a fellow missionary) left on fur- morning). The work that I enjoy above all others lough last Spring (1938) and from that time I is the evangelistic work and the contacts with peo- have been the only man of the missionary person- pIe out in the country.

nel in this part of Hainan. I have had charge of Roughly speaking, in the past eight or nine the employees and of all property and repairs of months, I have been away from home out "iIi my the large compound. I have also had a goodly pasture" half the time. The average trip takes share of the accounts and bookkeeping – which about one week. First there are periodic visits can be a thorn in the flesh to one not trained or to each church area to examine candidates for . experienced in it. This has been merely "inci- baptism and to hold communion services. Then dental" to my major missionary task as one of there are eight-day Bible institutes for the in- the superintendents of all the evangelistic work struction of ignorant Christians; third, there is in Nodoa, with a dozen churches and a congrega- the preaching of the Gospel in towns and markets tion of several thousand. I am the treasurer for in order to contact those who have never or seldom all the evangelists in this area, and pastor of six heard the Gospel message!

of the country churches which have a combined While we lived in Kiungchow, where the Hain- 'congregation (not membership) of two thousand. anese language was the medium of expression, I In addition I am responsible for the Lodi field in did a great deal of this third type of evangelistic the mountainous interior where there are twenty- work and enj oyed it. There is a thrill in knowing five hundred professed Believers awaiting instruc- that one is speaking to many who are hearing the tion. I much prefer this phase of work to the ad- Gospel for the first time. Since coming to Nodoa ministrative details and bookkeeping in the mis- I have been able to do very little evangelistic work sion station, but someone must take care of these of this kind because of the "confusion in tongues." details and I have been the only man to undertake One cannot hold a boisterous crowd when speakit for eight months. It has ,been necessary for me ing in a tongue that they cannot understand. In to be absent in the country a great deal, so that Nodoa we are face to face with one of the moSlt the station work has: piled up. amazing dialectical jumbles-the true cross-word Early in the morning-at about 6: 30 a. m.-the puzzl~in all China, if not in all the world. If daily procession begins. It is made up of meet- this sounds like an exaggerated statement, listen [246 ] A GROUP OF CHRISTIAN LOI WOMEN IN HAINAN. THEIR VILLAGE IS NEARLY 100% CHRISTIAN to the enumeration of the different tongues com- huke mo," thinking that I was telling him not to put himself to so much trouble. But by a slight mon here. Every day in Nodoa I hear six major mispronunciation of the "0" in the last word "mo," what I really said was: "Don't act like a pig." On dialects spoken: Hakka, Limko, Mandarin, Dam- another occasion, I started out to take a walk after a day of holding classes. Someone asked me tsiu, Hainanese and Cantonese. As if six were where I was going and I thought that I replied that I was going for a stroll to cool off. By the not enough, and to add to the confusion, we often slightest difference in tone, which most foreigners would not notice even if it was pointed out, I achear the melodious monosyllables of the Loi, Miau tually said: "I am going to visit a young lady."

and Malaysian tongues. If this is not a "Babel" After several such experiences I realized that Limko is not one of those tongues that is easy to and confusion of tongues, then I do not under- pick up from hearing it spoken occasionally, so I hired a teacher and studied an hour a day for a stand the meaning of these words. These six month or more. These later efforts have been crowned with so much succes,s that on December major dialects, though they have some similari- 18th I preached my fil1st sermon in Limko. My aim is to be able to speak to the people in their ties (as is true in the Romance Languages of own dialect wherever I go.

southern Europe), are distinctly different tongues. In the last month there have been two phe- nomena to cheer our hearts greatly: First, the Some of the people can speak and understand only local Nodoa church sponsored a great collection throughout this area for the benefit of war sufferone of these six; most people can converse in sev- ers in North China. Over six hundred local dollars were given by Christians and non-Christians eral, not a few can make themselves completely at home in all six! Unfortunately this last ability does not come to an American without the lubri- cating agency of a great deal of "consecrated sweat." . .

Last summer; as I traveled in the Limko field and conducted Summer Bible Institutes, I under- took to apply myself to the Limko dialect so that my work there might be more effective. My first attempts were not crowned with complete success.!

Upon entering a home, if my host put himself out to be courteous and hospitable I remarked, "Murn

working together. This is a new thing under the we might be compelled to spend several days along sun! the road. Unwisely perhaps, we decided to chance it and trust God-so off we went into the night Another new thing is that at Christmas time and into trouble! about thirty Lois came down from the mountains and brought over ten dollars as their contribution Those next ten miles of road were unlike anyto the work of the church in this presbytery. thing that I have ever seen; I shall carry a men- tal picture of them for years to come! The rain At the present stage in our Hainan church there came down in torrents so that at times I could not is even a greater need for teaching the Bible to see where I was driving and the wind became those who are already professing Christians than alarming. In the light of the headlights the roads for bringing larger numbers into the ohurch that looked impassable and at times we would sink in has already too few teachers. so deep that we would come to a dead stand-still. By backing and charging and trying new ruts we The persecution of Christians by one of t~oi would finally be able to go on. I began to think chiefs is so bad that the Christians have begged that we would make our destination after all, but me to go out to the country field and see what I in the blinding rain and darkness I failed to see can do, largely working through official channels a big hOole until just too late. We settled down as I have no authority to deal with any Loi chief. in that hole until the rear left wheel was out of However, I can talk with him, and we can pray. sight and the rear right humper was sunk in It is a five-day journey on foot to the area where water and mud. The engine pan was fast down the trouble is so that I shall have to walk one hun- on a semi-hard shelf of dirt and the axles were dred and fifty miles, mostly up and down moun- buried in the mud. With Oour mind on a possible tains. But its all a part of the Lord's work and robbery we turned off the headlights, got out in there are great rewards. the drenching rain and deep mud and dug fran- tically with the hoe that I always take along. I *** must have spent at least a half hour down in the Traveling Under Difficulties mud on hands and knees trying to get the jack A recent trip from Hoihow to Nodoa was over under that rear bumper, but the weight of the car only rammed jack and stone down farther the worst road I have ever seen in all my life- into mud. We were stuck and no joke-and nothand I have seen very bad roads in southeastern ing for miles but fields and water and a sea of Asia (China, Siam, Malaysia), India, Persia, Rus- mud. The force of the rain beating against our sia, Turkey, Europe and America. The only trip faces became unbearable, so we climbed back into that was worse in physical strain was the two the car to wait for it to let up a little. We sat days and three nights without stopping in an old there, soaked to the skin with mud and slime and truck from Douzdab to Meshed, Persia! When I the driving rain; we had begun to shiver and left Hoihow I doubted the wisdom of starting out chatter with the cold when to add to our miseries in the face of the storm hut as I had been sent to the wind became so violent that it drove the rain get typhoid serum in a hurry I wanted to carry through the top and the side curtains. I had beout the commission and keep faith with the Nodoa gun to picture what we would be worth in the hospital. morning after a night spent huddled there in the damp and cold our bodies soaked and chilled to The first forty miles we covered in a little over the bone-when rip! ! before we knew what had three hours. The rain came down in torrents; the happened the wind took the top right off the car. wind blew and the road was execrable, but not It did not take us many minutes to conclude that impassable. It seemed a little ominous that in all we couldn't longer contemplate spending the night that time we saw not one other car, nor did any there and live through it. We would have to abancars go out from Nodoa all that day! Just before don the car to its fate-and in the back seat was we reached the half-way road-house, darkness over a hundred dollars worth of school uniforms, came upon us and we experienced what may have hats, books and other things that I had brought been an attempted hold up by bandits. However, along so that they would be safe! Maybe I didn't we reached Sim-toa and had a warm Chinese meal. hate to think of deserting the car there in that The question arose: should we attempt to cover condition to be blown and rained upon, for no one the other forty-five miles that night after dark, could tell how many hours-and open to the sky! with the poss1ibility of robbery (as another car However, we were desperate and had begun to had been p~undered there two weeks before), or think pretty serious thoughts. Each grabbed a should we spend the night in the car at Sim-toa small handbag containing personal belongings and and try to complete the journey the next day over a change of clothing. (The $700 was ina large roads that would be still more softened by a ty- suitcase with all my clothes.) I would gladly phoon rain all night? On the one hand I thought of the $700 that I had in my suitcase. On the other hand there was the likelihood that the roads would be impassable the next day, in which case

EXPERIENCES OF A MISSIONARY IN HAINAN

have left the clothes behind in order to travel light might be disposed to take us in. While the Chinese in the storm, but I couldn't open the bag there in are naturally hospitable they are not inclined to the driving rain and take out that paper money. receive strangers in the middle of the night and So we started toward No-vun which was several out in the country, for they have learned by bitter miles away. experience to assume that everyone is an enemy at such times. (The robbers are very bad in that I shall never forget that wild walk. You can area.) One would be apt to be met by vicious picture us in the midst of a cloudburst and a ty- dogs and perhaps a gun shot rather than by hosphoon wind; the former cut into the skin and pitality. This had been the subject of not a little made vision almost impossible; the latter blew talk before we arrived. us around at will and at times threw us down on the ground or into the fields, or started us run- SOME OF THE WILD LOIS IN A NON-CHRISTIAN VILLAGE ning along the slippery road, unable to stop and unable to proceed without slipping and falling. But there was never so much as a dog bark, for My long suitcase acted as a sort of sail and caught all animals were locked indoors; not a living thing the wind so that it was all I could do to keep stand- was stirring and apparently all were dead as the ing upright. The water and mud were often knee tombs. That is the first time I have ever apdeep; at other places the road was slick and slip- proached a village in China after dark (or in daypery as ice. I fell headlong in the mud a dozen light for that matter) without a multitude of dogs times,and twice I picked myself up in the fields going wild and making the air hideous. Every off the road entirely. Our knees and legs grew house was securely locked, with doors and winweak and our backs ached. That seemed the long- dows barred against the storm, and all the inest walk I ever took; actually it was only four habitants tucked snugly away under all the warm and one half to five miles! Talk about Paul Re- covers they could collect-for it was cold. We vere's ride. That was tough on the horse; this first tried the inn, or roadhouse (which is also the was tough on us! headquarters of the Public Road Department for that area). We yelled, and pleaded and shouted A Midnight Adventure ourselves hoarse-singly and in unison; we bel- lowed in desperation. It was all utterly useless Finally, at nearly midnight, we found ourselves waste of breath and energy. We did not seem to on the outskirts of No-vun-some distance off the be able to make ourselves heard above the noise main highway. Along the road we had passed of the storm. (Next day we found out that they five or six other cars in mud holes,; one was down heard us but didn't want to be bothered; or they in a field and deserted. They had all started out thought that we were robbers.) We didn't dare earlier that day in the hope of beating the storm beat on the door to attract attention for fear lest to Nodoa but all had lost the race. We were cov- we might get too warm a reception. So we went ered with mud from head to foot, drenched and down the street and tried .other places. Soon we soaked, chilled to the bone, and nearly "down and came to what we later found to be the "Smoking out." We were miserable specimens of humanity, Palace" (opium den) where we saw lights through and it didn't add to our peace of mind as we walked through the streets of the town (themselves litle rivulets) to see buildings blown down and other evidences of the violence of the storm. We could not but think of the car out there on the highway and we wondered what would be left of it in the morning. Of course my mind turned anxiously toward Nodoa, wondering what my wife was doing during this storm and how the children were. Had she been able to get the windows and shutters securely locked without help. For months the roof of our house has been leaking like a sieve: the tiles were very inferior, and in a recent storm we had to place pans to catch drips in about five different places. The mental picture was not very reassuring, or calculated to remove anxiety.

We were somewhat reassured by the fact that we saw on the only street of the village two cars that had taken refuge from the storm. If the passengers had been taken into the houses near by then the people of this small village must be awake to the fact that the road was impossible; they

the cracks in the building. We carried on a lively leather seat-covers and the coating of mud. But and edifying conversation with the people inside the car was not utterly ruined. I collected what through these same cracks; but they had no in- was left of the top from a near-by field and folded tention of letting us in. They called out: it up for future use. The engine, the coils, and all else were soaked-and it was still raining by "Go away and leave us alone. We won't open gusts and spurts. To start the engine seemed to you as you are robbers." hopeless but I took a chance and tried the Chinese method that I have seen used with success but not But we had no intention of being denied as we without risk. We ignited several' pieces of paper were getting desperate. We said: and put them into the engine so that the flames curled around the coils, cylinders and spark plugs "If we were robbers would we be standing here to dry them out. It sounds dangerous and it is, with a flashlight lighted up and shouting to you but we were desperate and ,still damp and hungry through the door, making a lot of racket and in- from the proceeding day's "lark." The plan viting you to attack us? Robbers wouldn't be that worked like a charm! The spark caught and the stupid !" engine started. I would not recommend the method to folks at home but it might be a good So the talk went on into the night, for what thing to know about when you visit Hainan. seemed to us hours. We were making no headway and were about to give up hope of getting in The day's work had just begun. There were anywhere – when an old woman (who had no ten men with sturdy poles and great strength, but money or valuables and so was not afraid of being the car would not budge an inch, so deep had it robbed) took pity on us and let us come into her settled, with the bumpers under water and mud house. There was no room for the four of us, but and great suction holding down the rear tires. we, at least temporarily, found warmth and We must have worked at it an hour before we shelter; she finally persuaded the gallant smok- gave up and hired several more men to lift the ing braves across the street to let us come into car bodily out of the slough. Then all rode the their commodious quarters. running board back to No-vun, and it was well that they did, for they often had to get out and The first thing for us to do was to take off our push us through ruts so deep that the bottom of filthy, drenched clothing. We did not have one the car literally plowed through the mUd, and the really dry garment in our handbags or in my suit- front axle and radiator acted as a scrape to level case, but we had some semi-dry pieces and shared off the road, clear away rocks and prepare the what we had. For instance, my pajama tops way for the more vulnerable parts behind. It was looked ridiculous on a little nO-pound Chinese- a miracle – nothing more or less – that we got Bit-kheng, one of the hospital assistants. We had through that stretch of road as far as No-vun quite an interested audience of men and women which is the worst stretch on a very bad road. whose curiosity as we changed our clothing might We drove into No-vun to get something to eat, charitably be explained as "fraternal interest." I pay our bills for our luxurious night's accommodawas too far gone to be "nice." They finally gave tions, and buy gasoline from the Public Roads us some food and a warm drink of some kind Headquarters. I had started from Hoihow with which fortified us against the night that we had to ten gallons, had made about fifty miles of the endure. eighty-nine and had only two gallons left. That gives some idea of the state of the road; under For a bed all four of us were provided with good conditions my car can do nearly twenty miles double doors supported on two wooden horses; on a gallon of gas. for pillows we each had a nice ten-inch brick (guaranteed not to break from the weight of one's Of the rest of that trip as far as Notia I will head, nor to transmit insect life.) The roof leaked spare you the details of the numberless times we but not directly over our heads. The floor was so got stuck, the hours we spent pushing, digging, muddy and slippery that we could scarcely walk jacking up the car and putting rocks under the or keep on our feet. There was very little sleep tires. It will always remain etched upon my memfor any of us that night but we survived! ory as incomparable. We learned that between Notia and Nio-hau two bridges had been washed The Morning After away and were told that we might as well give up any idea of reaching Nodoa that night. But after The next morning with empty stomachs we all our herculean efforts, we were not going to trudged back over the road we had trekked the fail to reach our goal when so near-especially as night before and took five or six men with us to we feared one more night in wet clothes and with help push, drag and persuade the car out of that empty stomachs might be the end of us. So we mud-hole. My imagination had painted a very sad went on. The first bridgeless stream was not wide picture of what the car must be like after being out on the road all night, through a typhoon rain and with no top. It was certainly an awful sight to behold-with all the contents (hat-boxes and school uniforms) melted and merged with the

EXPERIENCES OF A MISSIONARY IN HAlNAN

but had high banks and a deep swift current. We China through Canton are now cut off and we are hired a bunch of farmers to bring beams and left in the dark mostly – and the victims of the planks, and in a couple of hours a bridge was put most alarming rumors. The loss of Canton, nerveacross where there had been none before. There center of the wealthiest province in China, is a was a clearage on each side of only a few inches. dreadful blow, and an awful heartbreak to We had not gone far before the farmers were tear- Hainan. There may have been darker periods ing down the bridge so the next cars to come along ("before the dawn") in the history of other nawould be obliged either to pay four dollars to them tions-but it is not to be denied that the present to rebuild it or could sit there and enjoy the beau- picture is black. We still have hope and faith ties of nature. but we do not know what our future course will The second bridge was wider but the approach LI-EK, niE LOI LEADER, WHO BROUGHT HUNDREDS was damaged and speedy and temporary repairs OF HIS PEOPLE TO CHRIST were out of the question. We decided to take a chance, running through the stream, though the be. Before we can write another letter communiwater was deep and the current racing. There cations may be cut off entirely, or Japan may take was an ox-cart crossing at that point; but a cross- over the island and establish a rigid censorship. ing possible for an ox-cart is usually impossible Already word has come from Hoihow that the to a car. Out came our hoe and again we went local Government has ordered all the Chinese to work leveling off the approaches and cutting women and children and old people to flee from down the bank that we must ascend on the other Hoihow and Kiungchow to the villages. The side. The water was almost up to the waist and French Consul has notified us that France will not the ascent on the other side looked almost impos- defend Hainan, and advises all American women sible. But the alternative was to leave the car and children to leave for Hongkong, as he conthere or spend the night with it in our exhausted, siders the Japanese invasion of Hainan as a mathungry, wet, clammy state. If I had to leave the ter of a few days or possibly hours. car in the middle of the stream it would at least be washed clean, so I breathed deeply and made We have made up our minds, for better or the attempt. The water was up to the engine and worse, to stay by here for the time being at least. the vulnerable parts, but it was so heated from We will stay and serve the people just as long as its exertions that it resisted the water. That is we can, for I prefer to stay by the people here at my theory-because before we reached home the a time of stress and danger. water and mud had permeated into the motor and stalled us; the battery, carburator, and coils were soaked and coated with mud. It was too much for even as noble a car as my little Ford. We had to push her the rest of the way home-and our entry into the compound gates was anything but triumphal! The next day (Sunday) I spent in bed, conscious for the first time in years of many usually well-behaved muscles, now sore as a boil all over, almost too tired and weary to sleep. The next two weeks I spent all the time I could spare working on that car, cleaning it inside and out, putting on a new canvas lining for the top, and repainting the whole car. It really looks very well, but I fear it will never be the same again.

Developments in the War Zone Later: For days we have been intensely watching developments in the war zone – and especially the lightning attack upon our own Province. Everyone 'is greatly disturbed and for several days I have done little but talk with callers, trying to allay fears, answering questions about what is happening (the Chinese will believe that somehow we have inside information that is kept from them). Several days ago came the staggering news of the fall of Canton and its destruction. All communications with war zone and the rest of

Beams from Lima

By DR. SAMUEL S. RIZZO, Newark, N. J.

Pastor of a Portuguese Presbyterian Church T HE recent conference of Lima was not with- service. The liberalism of President Vargas goes out religious significance. Its political re- so far that, being a nominal Catholic, he does not sults, valuable as they were in proclaiming apologize for naming his son after the great rethe validity of International Law, and in pro- former Luther. moting friendly relations among the nations, are secondary in importance when compared with the Several years ago a proposal came before the recognition of certain moral principles accepted Brazilian Congress to "declare" Roman Catholiby the conference, and of great significance to the cism the religion of the majority of the Brazilian Kingdom of God. people. President Vargas, then a congressman, wrote: Religious and Racial Liberty With reference to the proposed amendment (to the Con- stitution, Item No. 10) stipulating that the Catholic The Lima conference was an event, perhaps Church is the church of the majority of the Brazilian peounparalleled in the history of Latin America. ple, I think, in the first place, that such statement is very Twenty-one nations, after much debate, and with disputable. In order that a person might call himself a full acquiescence of their respective governments, Catholic, he should know the doctrine, accept it and live it. signed a document upholding the principle of "in- With such conditions only an elite, a select minority, comdividual liberty without religious or racial preju- ply. The high circles in social life have adopted a Catholidices." cism rather sceptical and elegant. And the vast ignorallt masses are still in the age of fetishist worship of saints While the Americas are not entirely free from with several miracle-working specialties.

religious intolerance, it is only fair to say that The amendment was rejected by an overwhelmsuch intolerance as exists in the republics of the ing vote. south is usually the work of Roman Catholic priests. Such intolerance is not condoned by the At Lima, when the world's political skies were laws and is repudiated by the best citizens. When so dark, it was an auspicious time for this "liberala Presbyterian minister was expelled from the ism" to project itself as a ,beam of hope for decity of Aparecida, Brazil, and the furniture of his mocracy. How long shall "individual liberty withhall was burned by a mob led by German monks, out religious prejudices" prevail in Central and the ex-president Washington Luis, then governor South America we do not know. With the world of Sao Paulo, sent a squadron of oavalry to the constantly menaced by dictators,and the devil acscene of disturbance, and for several Sundays the tive, anything may serve as a pretext to justify same pastor preached in the open air, protected the invalidation of this religious liberty. But by the State troops. I have seen a Christian Jew while it prevails may we, ministers and laymen, knocked down by men of his race when he at- be made equal by the power of the Holy Spirit, tempted to preach the Gospel in Columbus Circle, to the opportunity of this hour. New York. Religious liberty was not vindicated The Christ of the Andes more quickly or with more emphasis by the police Of far-reaching .significance was the declaration of New York, than it was in the case at Aparecida. at Lima, by the twenty-one nations of the Amer- In both instances the intolerance was a violation icas, to express their "unbreakable desire for of the law of the land and was, not condoned by peace, and their profound sentiment of humanity the State. and tolerance." Next to the delegation from The statesmen of South America are, as a rule, Bolivia sat the delegates from Paraguay, all in proud of their "liberalism." When I invited a joyful mood, glad that no longer an abnormal redip~omat in New York to come to a religious serv- lation of hate existed among the family of nations ice in my Portuguese Church in Newark, knowing in the Americas. Dignified and greatly esteemed, that he was of different faith, I added to my presiding over the most important committee of invitation, "I know that you are a liberal." He the conference-the committee on Declaration of sent me a courteous reply, stressing his liberal- Solidarity-sat one of the oldest statesman of the ism and promising to prove it by attending the Americas, the Brazilian delegate, Afranio de [252]

AMONG THE INDIANS OF NORTH DAKOTA

Mello Franco. He was the sole arbiter of the dis- own plans to accept that from Argentina." pute between Colombia and Peru over the conflict Twenty-one nations of the Americas refused, in of Leticia, and his efforts for peace saved thou- the critical hour, to "isolate" Argentina, writing sands of lives from destruction at a time when a declaration of continental solidarity without the Peru, Colombia and Ecuador had already em- signature of Buenos Aires. "The victory belongs barked on a wholesale arming for war. When, to the Messrs. Hull, Mello Franco, Conchas and in the midst of the conference this gentleman re- others, who were magnanimous and did not deceived the sad news of the death of his son-in-law, mand that which the superiority of their forces the sincere sympathy of his admirers poured in . . . could suggest." This declaration marked an in hundreds of telegrams daily from all the Amer- attitude most dramatic in the history of the Panicas showing to the world that those who labor for American Conferences, and perhaps never equaled peace are ble,ssed by man, as well as by God. Let in tne political history of the world! Twenty-one us be thankful for the peacemakers of the Amer- republics sacrificed their personal preferences be- £Cas, and let us' ,pray that the Christ of the Andes, cause they could not bear the separation of a sister today ruling over the Chaco, in Tacna-Arica, and republic from the family of nations. This speaks up in Leticia, shall be always the Prince of Peace of the unity of the Americas much more effectively in the Western Hemisphere. than the Declaration of Solidarity in itself. It was a beautiful example of the Christian principle Solidarity at a Sacrifice of "the second mile," practiced collectively.

Commenting on the Declaration of Lima, a Bra- '" '" '" zilian newspaper wrote: "The only victory that is really to be seen in the declaration of continental Liberty, tolerance, peace and magnanimous sacsolidarity of Lima, is the loyalty and spirit of sac- rifice were the contributions of the Conference of rifice of twenty other nations, who, in order not to Lima to a world darkened by the lack of these virbreak the unity of the Americas, abandoned their tues. Christian people welcome them as new rays of hope for mankind.

Among the Indians in North Dakota* By the VEN. THOMAS A. SIMPSON Archdeacon of Indian Work, North Dakota O N THE Standing Rock Reservation, North some of the men present she said "and he has Dakota, there was Red Hail, a Sioux chief, struck some of you." But she remarked that it so named, says Indian tradition, because he was a good place to be, for if he came after anywas born during a great meteoric shower. For one they could run to the church for refuge. many years he welcomed Indian missionaries to Lastly she said the river was near by and those his cabin for services and largely was responsible who did not wash very often could come for a for the building of St. Gabriel's Chapel at Red swim. Hail Camp (Brien). St. Gabriel's has produced some fine Christian characters among whom are William White Eagle's zeal for Christ led him the Rev. William Skala (White) Cross, a grandson of Red Hail, and Luke and Lucy Shoot-the- into active missionary work, both on the Standing Buffalo. Lucy invited the annual Indian convo- Rock and Fort Berthold Reservations. On one of cation to meet at St. Gabriel's in 1937. Argu- his mis1sionary journeys to Fort Berthold he was ments were advanced in favor of other stations. the means of Yellow Bear's conversion. One night It was said that good food would be served at St. as he was conducting service in his tent, Yellow Sylvan's, while at St. Gabriel's there was a den Bear went on the war path, determined to put an of rattlesnakes which the people from Fort Tot- end to such religious activity. Yellow Bear waited ten did not like. Lucy promptly replied (her re- for a moment outside the tent before going in to marks being interpreted) that nowhere did the break up the meeting, but as he sltood there he Bible teach men to worship their stomachs. She heard for the first time the message of the Master acknowledged that there were rattlesnakes at St. spoken through the lips of White Eagle. His con- Gabriel's and that one of the snakes had seven version followed. At his baptism he was named tongues and one tongue was liquor. Pointing at Paul after St. Paul, who also was once the enemy of Christ. • Condensed from The Spirit 01 Missions, December, 1938. Paul Yellow Bear was an unusual man; as he formerly had used his natural gifts to keep his

friends and neighbors in paganism, he later used vicinity. Here the Church has some eight acres them to win people to Christ. For many years he of land, church, parish house, rectory, and miswas lay reader at St. Paul's Chapel, where he has sion home; all in charge of the Rev. W. S. Cross, left a lasting impression. a retired Indian priest. The existing social and moral conditions demand recognition. The Gov- Paul Bear-Paw, another convert from pagan- ernment has established' a local school system in ism in North Dakota, served for many years as addition to nonreservation schools but the averlay reader at St. James' Church, Cannon Ball, age home life has not kept pace with these adwhere his widow, Julia, is still an active com- vances and the returning student has almost municant. insurmountable problems of adjustment, often reverting to old reservation ways of living. Sick- Thomas Ashley, another chief figure, was an ness is prevalent while social diseases play havoc able leader and efficient interpreter. As an inter- with countless Indians. Among children, the preter he served faithfully, with marked ability, death rate is especially high. Doctors and hospinot only his Church but also the Government and tals are miles away and there are some tragic courts of justice. deaths. Only within one-half mile of St. James' a young girl died of tuberculosis while in the In St. Sylvan's Mission, in the Turtle Moun- same one-roomed cabin a young mother was givtains, labored that staunch Christian, Rising Sun, ing birth to her first child. And there was no one a full-blooded Chippewa, who lived to the age of to help! 110 years. His name was given him because he first saw the light of day when the sun was peep- An adequate program of religious education for ing out of the East. When past middle life he set- Indian children is something yet to be achieved. tled down in the Turtle Mountains, and devoted his Distances, weather conditions, general environtime to raising cattle. He was partly the means ment, seem to be insurmountable difficulties. of preventing a repetition of the Custer massacre Apart from two Church missions there is no orin the Dunseith hills when the county authorities ganized religious instruction. Leaflets, manuals had a misunderstanding about taxes with the of instruction, odd numbers of the Christian Nurmixed-blood Indians. When Rising Sun and his ture Series, religious pictures, are given out and wife received their first annuity from the Govern- used at home, where many of the parents welcome ment, they bought thirty dollars worth of lumber the help given. But the Church has not yet to help build a chapel that they had been wanting touched the problem. The men have their guilds for years, keeping the lumber in their little log and carry out a program of service adapted to hut for six years before their ambition was real- local needs. The Woman's Auxiliary branches ized. St. Sylvan's. log chapel, standing on a high meet for worship and work. elevation of land, is a monument to Rising Sun's devotion. Mr. Robert Fox, an Indian trained at Santee, Nebraska, and his wife, are doing excellent work The present work at Breckenridge Memorial in St. Paul's Mission to the Arickara tribe at Fort Chapel began in 1898. It is about six miles from Berthold. Since their coming the work of the the Agency in what is known as the Crow Hill Church has made real progress. Once a month neighborhood. An Indian named Iyayukamani they give religious instruction at the public school, (He-Follows-Walking) had loaned a house where to classes that are increasing in numbers. The services were conducted in the Dakota langua.ge. Arickara people, having had more educational ad- Iyayukamani was a stalwart Christian and is re- vantages than some other Indians, are more admembered as the founder of the Church work at vanced and more prosperous. this point. Bernard Rainbow, brought up under the Christian influence of Iyayukatnani, carried Originally St. Sylvan's Mission in the Turtle on the work of lay reader for many years. Mountains consisted of a log chapel and seventy acres, of land, but about five years ago the National In recalling these and other names it can be Indian Association turned over to the Church seen that the work among the Indians in North their abutting property consisting of 220 acres, Dakota is unique in that it is the result of the a dwelling house, a frame parish hall, and some missionary zeal of the Indians themselves. dilapidated buildings.

Today there are some eight thousand Indians If the story of this Indian field had to be sumliving on the four reservations where the six mis- med up into one word it would have to be the sions of the Protestant Episcopal Church are word need. Not only is there need for physical located. direction and assistance, there are those deeper and more urgent needs arising out of the social The largest mission on the Standing Rock and tribal background of the various groups, Reservation is St. James', three miles south of which can only be met by a well-balanced program the village of Cannon Ball, in the center of a large express'ed through the Church. Indian community. The name Cannon Ball is derived from the huge rock formations found in the

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I Effective Ways of Working 'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MISS GRACE W. MCGAVRAN, 5718 OAK AVE.. INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA ~=I============~~==~~~~~ Combatting Summer Heat glad, once a year, to open them At one of the regular meetings to such church groups, especially the members who had made Although it was early summer when the hostess is a member of these trips told about them. it was already hot. Sheer iner- the group. They spoke informally, not attia would keep some people from tempting to philosophize or to attending their missionary meet- In planning such an event, it summarize situations. The y ings. The two missionary or- is wise to put extra effort into merely gave their impressions. ganizations in one church were the arrangements, so that every- Those who had not been able to busy planning attractions, the one may have an unusually good go, gained a new vision of the pull of which might overcome time "visiting." The trip out in needs of a great city and of some that tendency to stay at home. the bus may be made a jolly oc- of the very human ways in which The women's group, made up of casion. Have good, simple and life can be changed when somewomen who can come in the ample food. Have a good pro- one cares enough to do someafternoon, had its special prob- gram, suited for outdoor pro- thing about it. lems. The business women's duction. group (who necessarily met at What is there about which night) had to combat the fatigue Every summer meeting, from your missionary society, your resulting from work through which members of the society ch~rch body, or your young peolong hot hours. come away saying, "Didn't we ple s group need first-hand in- have a good time? Let's do it formation? Do they know that At this point an invitation again next year," has not only many human beings are suffercame from a former minister of accomplished its purpose in this ing in the suffocating streets and the church and his wife, to both series of meetings, but has had a alleys of the very city or town in groups, to hold their next meet- real part in training the women whose comparatively cool subing at the country home to which to look forward to summer mis- urbs you live? Do they know he had retired some years ago. sionary meetings, instead of some of the difficult working and avoiding them. living conditions of migrant The invitation was accepted workers in your own county? with delight. But careful plan- Telling What They Have Seen Do they have firsrt-hand knowlning had to follow. The country edge of the way in which social place was some distance from There is an eternal fascination service and church agencies are the neighborhood so that busses in hearing about interesting working? Do they know what had to be chartered, and the things that we have not seen. avenues of volunteer service are necessary meals planned. There is even greater fascina- open to some of themselves? tion in telling about things we One group went in the after- have seen to those who have not Try making investigations. noon and one in the evening and seen them. Why not make use Those who do it will be glad to both enjoyed a delightful time. of those two characteristics to tell about it. Your meeting will The attendance was as good as achieve summer program effec- have a breath of reality to it if the weather had been more tiveness. which will attract, in spite of hot propitious. The programs were weather. excellent; the fellowship was A missionary group in a large joyful, with an opportunity to city asked several members to A Book Meeting in August wander through the orchard look into certain institutions last with its closely mowed grass, summer during the study of The August is usually a very dead among the flower-beds, along the City. (The summer before the month when many churches alraspberry vines, and beside the same group had asked members most close their doors. lily pool. After a dusty day in to look into the Negro's living town it seemed like a different conditions.) A morning in the But it is during those very world. juvenile court; a visit to the "dead" times that many people county home for orphan chil- have more leisure for reading While only a few societies can dren ; a few hours in police than at any other time during enjoy such an experience, it is court; time spent in one of the the year. possible for more than actually settlement houses-these were a experience it. Many times per- few of the trips made. One organization asked a comsons with lovely grounds are mittee to select new books deal- [255 ]

ing with various missionary sub- Among those put out coopera- living in areas of tension, conjects. These were to include tively by a number of the denom- flict or economic readjustment, stories, biographies, travel, his>- inations, are very good units on "working on some community tory, background material; and world friendship. Less well project of social significance ineven such things 'as the poetry adapted to the longer vacation volving physical labor." and the philosophy of a certain schools, but good for those runcountry or people. ning for a short period are the Work camps require more texts of the Friendship Press than a desire to serve. Only One person, quite clever at (New York), which can be se- those should apply (says the such things, took five or six of cured through any denomina- folder describing them) "who the lighter books, and selected tional publishing house. are willing to live cooperatively from each an incident which she as a part of a group; do hard dramatized. The dramatization Talk over the matter of mis- physical labor; impos.e self-disin each case ended uncompleted sion study with those in charge cipline as a member of a demoat an interesting point, leaving of the vacation school planning. cratically organized group." the group with a desire to know An effective course should be what happened next. placed somewhere in a three- Hard labor, we might say in year cycle. Write to your na- passing, means just that. Wreck- The dramatizations, together tional children's work director, ing houses to create playground with a review of a book or two, the missionary education depart- space; quarrying stone to build formed the program for a meet- ment of your Board of Christian a dam; clearing land for farming, and started the autumn Education, or similar organiza- ing, making roads – these and reading in a very effective way. tion, or to your church publish- other projects are done under ing house for specific informa- technical supervision and must Why not have a book meeting tion. be done right. sometime during the summer? If you do not wish to have dram- A Comparison Ha.rd labor is not all. Noone atized incidents from books, does the camp work for the there are many other ways in I thought of it once as I sat by myself workers. It is a cooperative which books can be introduced. And looked at the boxes that sat on enterprise and the campers must Perhaps you can secure some do camp work themselves. Then member, or some one else who the shelf, there are hours of study. Each is a well known reviewer of One so large, one so small, with a camp, with its relationship to books, able to give a really one of the areas noted above, thought-provoking book review contrast most grim. engages in serious study on the of one of the important books for A bandbox for me, and a mite-box for problems of the community and the coming year's study. The ways of working toward their one review may make up the en- Him. solution. tire program – one to which guests might well be invited, and I paid for my hat and I paid for my You could not do better for one which would stimulate the gown, your young people this summer reading of the book by every than to investigate with them member of the group. Such And I paid for the furs that I pur- this particular field of service books do not often appear, but chased down town, and other avenues of volunteer the type we have in mind is that work. of House of Exile (China), by And when I returned, it was plain as Nora WaIn, or the more recent could be– You could not do better than Himself (India), by Ramahai to guide them to that which is Ranade. A mite-box for Him and a bandbox the "moral equivalent for war, for me. in terms of a constructive and Vacation Church School and adventurous service." I tossed in a dime, but it didn't seem Mission Study right; For specific information about work camps, write to the Work Camp Com- Now is the time to survey the I couldn't be proud of that curious mittee, American Friends SerVice field of studies in world friend- sight; Committee, 20 So. Twelfth Street, ship and in the missionary work Philadelphia, Pa. of the church which are avail- So I took out my check book and tried able for Primary and Junior to be square; Another avenue for a different type study in the Daily Vacation of service may be found in the Chris- Church Schools which will be set For I wanted my giving to look like tian Centers in migrant groups. Write up this summer in thousands of my prayer. to the Council of Women for Home churches. Missions, 297 Fourth Ave., New York. -By Sarella Te Winkle, in Vacation Church School is an "The Missionary Monthly." There is adventure aplenty in takideal place for effective mission Used by permission. ing Vacation Church Schools to the study. Make sure that those in children of isolated regions of our charge of selecting the studies American Youth Can Serve country. Write to The International this summer are aware of the Council of Religious Education, 203 available texts along this line. One of the most interesting So. Wabash Ave., Chicago, 111., to ask developments of recent years is about that. the type of volunteer service made possible to American youth Student Peace Service secretaries under the American Friends are looking for Peace Volunteers to Service Committee. work this summer in America, Mex- ico and Europe. Pacifist youth will Since 1934, when the project find a thrilling service there. Write was started, the movement has grown. What is it?

Briefly, work camps are set up -there were six or seven of them in 1938 – where carefully selected college or university young people spend eight weeks

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

to Harold Chance, 20 South 12th since the preparation of entirely Koreans and Japanese, and Street, Philadelphia, for information. different menus would be im- green tea.

There are also innumerable practical. However, a dessert On the China table was a Chiprojects arranged by mission typical of each country was nese evergreen in a dragon bowl, served, as nearly as possible boards of various denominations. after the manner of that coun- and "water flowers." Woven Send out inquiries in various try. straw place mats were used, and directions, and try to plan a con- the place cards were Chinese structive summer of study and The centerpiece for the Mex- scenes, attached to tiny paper valuable experience, for the ico table was a bowl of cactus parasols. Rice wafers, crystalyoung people in your church or plants. Zinnias would be equally lized ginger, peanuts and "jas- appropriate, since this flower community. came originally from Mexico. mine" tea formed the dessert. A list of Chinese proverbs was An International Luncheon There were bright-colored doi- read, the Chinese being noted for lies, fiesta china and paper nap- their terse sayings. (We are indebted to Mrs. H. H. Fer- kins with a fiesta design. The guson for the following account) dessert was penuchi, strips of Chopsticks were provided for fresh coconut and coffee with those who cared to eat rice with An "International Luncheon," hot milk. them. given recently in Xenia, Ohio, was a social occasion with a pur- At the Philippine table, na- At Iran's table, the hostess pose: to create an interest in the tive-drawn work doilies were sprayed each guest's napkin peoples of far-away lands and to used, and as a centerpiece an with rose perfume (from the 10 promote world-mindedness by oriental bowl with brilliant cent store). Roses are grown in attempting to secure a better orange flowers. Place cards were Iran for the manufacture of perunderstanding of how other peo- hand made, using very tiny sea fume, so the centerpiece was a ples live, of their customs, their shells, glued to cards and tinted bowl of roses. Brass is much interests, their problems. Plans to represent flowers. The des- used in Iran, so the candlesticks, for the luncheon were rooted in sert was sliced pineapple, fresh tray and dishes for the dessert the idea of the oneness of the coconut and coffee with hot milk. were of brass; and since green human family. They can be is the Mohammedan color, the adapted to any group. For the West Indies, the cen- paper napkins, ink on the place Tables, each seating eight per- . terpiece was a pottery donkey, cards and the candles were sons, represented countries with tiny plants growing in the green. The dessert was turkish paste, dates and wafers. Black where Presbyterians are at baskets attached to his back. tea was served, guests putting a work. Since this group was not These donkeYis with their bas- lump of sugar in the mouth and large enough to represent all of kets are the common carriers in s,ipping the tea over it, according the sixteen countries, the follow- the West Indies. Little dolls, to Iranian custom. ing seven were selected: Korea, made of sea shells and popular China, India, Iran, Philippine with tourists, were used in the The afternoon program in- Islands, Mexico and the West decorations. A missionary friend cluded a few national songs, and Indies. A tiny national flag and in Santo Domingo sent a native items of news interest from vaa placard on each table indicated candy, made of coconut milk, rious lands. Guests were then the country represented; and to and hand tinted photo scenes in divided into two groups for a arrange the seating, the guests, the West Indies for place cards. "Prof. Quiz" feature, with thirty Another missionary in Porto questions of general missionary as they arrived, drew a slip bear- Rico sent guava paste for this significance, and a score of coring the name of one of the coun- rect answers was kept. Some of tries. The centerpiece, .and other table served as Porto Ricans like the questions. were: appointments of each table, sug- it with yellow cheese and crackgested the country. Some of the ers. At this table also, coffee What people are called a "nation of place doilies were paper world was served with hot milk. . Bible readers"?

maps, secured from Dennison'S, The hostess for the India table Has India more, or fewer people than New York. Place cards con- made "tied and dyed" plate the United States? tained a statement or question doilies, as this art originated about the country to provide con- with the Indians. Their favorite Name five living religions. Which religion has the largest num- ber of adherents?

versation topics.. At each table a flower, yellow marigolds, formed Narne three famous missionaries of "hostess," who had been previ- the centerpiece. At this table, the past.

ously supplied with facts, kept there was chutney, cashew nuts The success of such a lunchthe talk going about her country. and "sweets." Black tea was eon will depend upon planning The following ideas were car- served. well in advance, in order to se- ried out at the various tables. A A "dish garden" made the cure as much background inforlittle canvassing among friends, centerpiece for the Korea table. mation as possible. Denominaand consultation with mission- Place cards were supplied by a tional Boards will gladly supply aries or Board executives, will former missionary. For dessert, songs and proverbs, and interyield many other suggestions. there were rice wafers (from esting facts about all countries Rice was served as a part of the R. H. Macy's, New York), per- are to be found in the MISSIONmain course at all the tables, simmons, a favorite fruit among ARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD.

A Story for the

MOTHER'S DAY FIESTA "Ah, Ricardo, can't we do "Well, I have it here and I'm something?" The tears started By VIOLET WOOD, NEW YORK in Jacinto's eyes. "How good going to give it to you." you are! I did not even notice Ricardo, a Mexican boy, sat our mother's rebozo." "Could we possibly have that hunched over on his pony. He scarcely heeded the cattle as they "No, it is not that I am better one, just for the Mother's Day wandered about nibbling grass. than you, little sister. I am Then, as he heard someone older than you and notice such Fiesta?" Jacinto fairly shouted. shouting "Ricardo!" he looked things," responded Ricardo. up and saw his sister, Jacinto, "Yes," responded the teacher, running in and out among the "Now I am sad like you. Now gentle beasts, shouting: "Hi, the beautiful funny-faced pan- "and if you will make another Ricardo, hi!" sies in my garden no longer make me laugh." one to take its place, your mother As he looked at her he thought, "When I am a man I "There is our friend, Mrs. may keep this one. I'll give you shall buy her ribbons for her Turner, at the church," said hair so that she will not have to Ricardo. "She is the one who the patches and if you sew one tie her braids with shoe strings." spoke to the Senor of the ha- cienda and arranged that I small one every day, the rebozo "What's the matter with you, should take my father's place." Ricardo? Are you ill? Was the will be finished in time for our market-day too much for you "Yes," Jacinto clapped her yesterday?" she asked all in one hands. "Let us go to her dur- Christmas service next year." breath. ing the siesta." Ricardo and Jacinto threw "Ah, Jacinto, how you chatter, Since their mother worked in like a macaw, the noisiest of pa.r- the big house on the hacienda, their arms around Mrs. Turner rots," sighed Ricardo. Jacinto prepared lunch for her brother and herself in the little and then ran after her into her Jacinto, puffing, reached the white-adobe, one-room hut that pony and rubbed his nose affec- was their home. After lunch, little three-room house. Breathtionately. "But, Ricardo, why instead of sitting on the little are you so sad on this beautiful porch under the hanging peppers lessly watched her turn over the May day? We are to have fri- to enj oy their siesta, they set off joles and tortillas for lunch." at a fast pace to the Christian contents of her trunk. In it were Social Center to find their friend. "Tomorrow is the Mother's lovely soalrlaasp,esor(cwlaayterdijsahres~),bea- Day Fiesta." On the way Jacinto gathered sides an armful of wild geraniums "Ah, I have guessed. I know." and dahlias t.o give to their painted pig bank and a huge Jacinto danced around. "You friend. When they reached Mrs. are afraid you will forget your Turner's house, they bot h sombrero. Near the bottom of poem at the Christian Social stopped, suddenly frightened. Center. It is hard to speak Eng- The missionary welcomed them the trunk lay the rebozo made lish, but you are very smart, from her porch and finally Ri- Ricardo; you will not forget." cardo blurted out their problem, of hundreds of patches of gaily with Jacinto butting in tearfully "No, Jacinto, it is not that I every once in a while. colored calico, silk, rayon and fear to forget the English words." Ricardo shookhis head. "I know just the thing," said cotton. It was a beautiful shawl, Mrs. Turner. "You remember "T hen what?" J a c i n t 0 the Christmas pageant we had much more lovely than the usual shrugged. in the church last December?" black rebozo worn by the women. "If I ten you this, you must Ricardo nodded. not let our mother know I have Jacinto burst out, "But what There was great rejoicing in guessed. Promise me, Jacinto." has that-" "Oh, it has a lot to do with it," the little adobe hut when the "Yes, yes, Ricardo. It will be cried the missionary. "Rememas if you had not said it." ber that lovely patchwork rebozo next day the children gave their I made and which your Spanish "Our mother has no new re- teacher wore when she was the mother the rebozo! That evebozo to wear to the Christian Madonna?" Social Center. All the other "Yes," cried both children. ning in the Christian Social Cenmothers who have husbands are going to have new shawls, but [258 ] ter there was no prouder woman our mother has no husband to buy her a rebozo. She will be than the mother of Ricardo and unhappy." Jacinto.

Rkardo was so happy that he shouted his Mother's Day Fiesta poem. Jacinto could scarcely sit still. Mrs. Turner, the mission- ary, thanked God for having the chance to bring happiness.

Making Use of This Story To interest the child in the missionary project among Mex- ican children, who are our near- est neighbors. See how many Mexkan words he knows after reading the story.

1. hacienda (large estate). 2. fiesta (holiday). 3. siesta (resting period after lunch) . 4. frijoles (beans). 5. tortillas (corn pancakes). 6. rebozo (shawl). 7. plaza (city or village square). 8. sarapes (blankets worn by men). 9. so-mbrero (huge hat). 10. senor (Mr. or owner). .

BULLETIN

Council of Women for Home Missions EDITED BY MISS EDITH E. LOWRY, 297 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, N. Y.

I============================~ Vacation Time – Summer Women and girls. unfamiliar counter in our local tasks and to- with summer conferences often gether solve them. We learn to Conference think that their sole purpose is understand characteristics and to teach the mission study books. viewpoints of peoples from other Yes-vacation time does mean This is only one feature, an im- lands by our contacts with misa summer conference for an in- portant one, but many more sionaries and nationals. We see creasing number of women each courses are offered. It will be ourselves from their viewpoint. year throughout the United of interest to doubting ones to States. There are twenty-two list a few of the courses that Vision – with this fellowship Conferences and Schools of Mis- were successfully tried last sum- comes a new understanding, and sions affiHated with the Council mer at various schools. with this new understanding of Women for Home Missions, comes a loftier vision. A vision and the Committee on Women's Christian conduct today. which places us and our difficul- Work, Foreign Missions Confer- Leadership training in devotionals. ties in their proper relationship. ence. These conferences are held Normal class in leadership. A vision from a spiritual mounat various times from April Book reviews. tain top that gives courage to through October, planned to co- Building and administering a helpful descend to the valley, better preincide with the vacation season. pared to attack the work waiting The attendance ranges from one youth program. there. A vision of the whole hundred and twenty-five dele- Laboratory class in methods of pro- purpose-His Kingdom on earth gates at the smallest conference -and the part we each are privto more than twelve hundred gram building. ileged to contribute. delegates at the largest. They Planning worship services for girlsvary in length of time. A few 1939 Conferences * are for two days-devoting one including personal worship. day to Home Missions and the Christian citizenship. The mission study for 1939 other day to Foreign Missions. Problem clearing. will be developed around the Some are of four-day duration, Religion in art. 'theme "Christ and World Comand many take a full week for Women's work-social action-peace munity." study. It is interesting to note that the large majority of the -unity. "The Mission of the Church delegates are lay-workers and Girls' personality course. Abroad" will be studied against leaders, women and girls from Music in Christian education. the background of the material local churches. Women and Panel discussions on various phases of presented at the great missiongirls who have accepted offices ary conference held in Madras, of responsibility: president of women's interdenominational work India, in December, 1938. In the mission society or women's Round table discussions on Oxford no sense a report of the meeting, auxiliary, devotional I e ad e r, the study books will interpret chairman of worship services, and Madras. the valuable discussions on the teacher of a study book, teacher Infusion of missions in the whole life and work of the younger in the bible school, etc. One mis- churches and the major issues sions school reported local pas- church program. confronting all Churches of the tors as delegates and one confer- East and West in their common ence had four groups: children, We have been thinking and missionary enterprise of the junior girls, senior girls, and writing about courses and dele- coming years. The books are bewomen. Apparently local work- gates, now let us consider the ing prepared by S. Franklin ers, women and girls, realize spiritual benefits derived from Mack and Basil Mathews who that more serious study and a these gatherings. were in attendance at Madras. deeper consecration is of vital importance if they are to per- Fellowship-Understanding "The Mission of the Church at form their various duties accept- -Vision Home" will be presented in ably. It is also encouraging that courses showing the rich fruits the groups attending are com- Fellowship – with worn e n of home missions through a cenposed of younger women. from other churches, from other tury of pioneering, introducing denominations, from other coun- tries. A fellowship with mis- * A list of summer conferences for 1939 sionaries. A fellowship with leaders and teachers. Fellow- will be found on page 260. ships that ripen into life-long friendships. Friendships that call forth the best in us in re- membrance of our conference days together.

Understanding – in this close fellowship we share the prob- lems and difficulties we en- [259 ]

the new leadership and pointing ward, 902 North 6th Street, Cam- and power may be utilized) but out the new tasks for the home bridge, Ohio. also practical new ways of premissionary enterprise of the fu- Mountain Lake Park, Md.-July 19-25 senting the four projects-samture. Books are in preparation -Interdenominational Sum mer ple d ram a s, impersonations, by Arthur S. Limouze and Frank School of Missions. Mrs. F. I. symbols-as well as other inti- S. Mead. Johnson, 711 Lake Shore Boulevard, mate suggestions. about proce- Saint Cloud, Fla. dure so that various types of These books on home and for- women may become active: coleign missions will be taught at AUGUST lege girls, world travelers, inall the mission schools. Kerrville, Texas – August 10-16- valids, etc. Instruction in the Bible will Texas Synodical Auxiliary Training 3. The Publicity Sub-Commitbe given at the conferences. School. Mrs. George M. Smith, "The farther the ages advance in Route 2, Brownsville, Texas. tee is already at work on sample civilization the more will the articles for use in local news- Bible be used."-Goethe. Lake Geneva, Wis. – August 13-20- papers beginning a month ahead Summer School of Missions. Pres., of February 9, 1940, which is Let us strive toward a greater Mrs. W. P. Topping, 406 Center the first Friday in Lent next interdenominational cooperation Street, Elgin, Illinois. year. If you have something in all summer schools and con- good used in your own newsferences. The Council of Women Chautauqua, N. Y.-August 19-25- paper, do send it to us at headfor Home Missions and the For- Institute of World Missions. Miss quarters to share with others, eign Missions Conference are B. Louise Woodford, 930 23rd Ave- for much of our mail asks: eager to help foster this coopera- nue, North, St. Petersburg, Fla. "What shall we say and how tion and may be called upon for suggestions. Many conferences SEPTEMBER shall we say it?" Bradford, take an offering each year for Pennsylvania, mailed us an asthe two home and the two for- Warren. Ohio-September 5-6-School tonishing and glorious reproduceign projects. Let us all support of Missions. Mrs. George Konold, tion of our small blue "Call to these four projects – Migrants, 314 Scott Street, N. E., Warren, Prayer," enlarged to cover one United States G () v ern men t Ohio. entire huge page – including Schools for Indians, Christian Durer's "Praying Hands," all Literature, Union Christian Col- Minnesota (Minneapolis-St. Paul)- the prayer items, the poem, and leges in the Orient-by gifts as September 18-22 – School of Mis- the interdenominational commitis our custom on the World Day sions. Pres., Mrs. C. E. Heard, tees of church women sponsorof Prayer. 3020 Colfax Avenue, Minneapolis, ing it, with a significant line, Minn. reading: "This is not a paid ad- Let us include a summer con- vertisement." So somebody was ference in our vacation. Dallas, Texas – September 25-29- amazingly wide-awake to the School of Missions. Mrs. Mitchell challenging uses of creative pub- Conferences and Schools Langdon. Hutchins, Texas. licity! of Missions Houston, Texas – September 25-29- 4. The New Radio Sub-Com- Affiliated with the Council of Women Leadershin Training School. Dean: mittee will put into the handbook for Home Missions and t "e Com- Mrs. A. B. Haynes, 618 Highland several sample radio programs mittee on Women's Work,For- Avenue, Houston, Texas. of warm and reverent beauty for eign Missions Conference use on a local radio. It is none The World Day of Prayer too soon now to secure "time" DATES AND CHAIRMEN, 1939 for this local broadcast next It is the hope of the Commit- February 9. JUNE tee for the World Day of Prayer that each city has already called In case you have any splendid Winona Lake, Ind.-June 17-24-Sum- together its Day of Prayer lead- ideas to share with your World mer School of Missions. Miss Min- ers to garner their beautiful Day of Prayer Committee, please nie M. Rumsey, 685 Northmoor items, to list all unfulfilled send them to the Chairman, Miss Road, Lake Forest, Illinois. dreams, and plan to make these Margaret Applegarth. Room 63, come true in 1940. Boulder, Colo. – June 25-July 1 – 297 Fourth Avenue, New York. School of Missions. Pres., Mrs. To make all of us conscious of Henry F. Hoffman, 741 Adams the larger values at our com- A Letter from Kinston, Street, Denver, Colorado. mand, the World Day of Prayer North Carolina Committee has set up four sub- Eagles Mere, Pa.-June 2d-.Tuly 1- committees to concentrate on "Yesterday I served on an interde- Interdenominational Confer('nce of preparing sample suggestions to nominational committee to plan for Missions. Mrs. Earl B. Breeding, be gathered into a handbook, for the observance of the World Day of Palmer Avenue and Vernon Road, Fall publication. Prayer. It was most encouraging. Scarsdale, N. Y. We plan to have a program in each of 1. The Program Sub-Commit- the public schools at the chapel period Mount Herman, Calif.-June 24-July tee will have as its duty the prep- and to help the Negroes with materials 1 – Federate School of Missions. aration of three new programs- and plans for observing the day. Mrs. Grace C. Makinson, 201 Ridge- one for children, one for young way Avenue, Oakland, Calif. people, one for women; the lat- "Last year we had a most impres- ter to use the "findings" of the sive service in our church. This year JULY recent Madras Conference, so we will all meet in the Christian that all of us may share in the Northfield, Mass.-July 3-10-Mission- impetus· of new goals for our Church." ary Conference. Miss Edna M. Christian living. Springhorn, 19 Wayside Lane, Scarsdale, N. Y. 2. The Promotion Sub-Com- mittee will put into this hand- Bethesda, Ohio-July 10-14-School of book not only an ideal set-up for Missions. Dean: Mrs. John Se- a local Day of Prayer observance (so that all the innate richness

come to. believe that "might with the remark: "Please in-

makes right" because the in- form owners in America that The Future of Christianity vaders seem to get what they their property will receive good want without much effort. care." The writer of the article World Call asked a number Oof Where is justice, they ask, and describes the kind of care it is Christian workers in China to what is truth? Evangelists who receiving. "Its dormitories have give their reaction to the present stress the future life have con- been used to house troops, alsituation and the outlook for siderable influence on this group. though Japanese property near Christianity in that harassed by is unmolested. These troops land. Briefly, here are some of The other group argues that cook their meals by burning furthe replies: it is more important to struggle niture from the Woman's Build- in this life than to seek immor- ing. Its thirty-year-old trees "Though distressed, Chinese Chris- tality in the next; that it is use- have been cut down over our protians do not believe that God has for- less to speculate over anything test. University safes have been saken them, or that His purposes have so remote. Face the world, chal- rifled, although we informed the been defeated." – J. H. McCallum, lenge it, change it, say they; but Japanese that these safes con- Nanking. the tendency is away from reli- tained nothing but University gion. A number of this group record.s. At least one small *** were once Christian, but now building has been torn down. "Youth are interested in the Chris- they are uncertain as to just Efforts to remove the library tian message as never before. They what to believe. They are say- and laboratory equipment have are rethinking the meaning of life."- ing if Christianity has no effec- failed. Katherine Schutze, Nanking. tive solution for the ills of this chaotic age, sooner or later it Innumerable holes have been *** will disappear. cut in the long fences, and sneak thieves snag typewriters and "Every opportunity for worship, The Association Pre s s of microscopes at will. It is obvious Bible study or service is met with China has published a set of fifty that the local military want this radiant spontaneity. Said one young books and three sets of pam- property after the war is over, man: 'Our lives must be representa- phlets that will be of value to all and are doing all this to depretions of Him. What else should we be these inquiring minds. The view ciate its value, so that it can be about these days?' "-Edna W. Gish, expressed by a Central China bought at a fraction of its worth. Nanking. University student shows how It is valued at $2,000,000, is 100 obvious and how urgent is the per cent American property and *** need for guidance. This student is so registered with the United who was a Christian with a States Government. "The Bible teaches that Jesus came sound religious background said to bring life and liberty. Although he was weary of abstruse books "Near to the Heart of God" our suffering is unspeakable, still our on religion, as most of them canspirit is unbroken."-Pastor Lee Cho- not be understood; nevertheless, Dr. Frank W. Price, of Nanwu, Wuhu. if he could find a good one he king Theological Seminary, gave would study it diligently to see students of Cornell University a *** if there is any alternative to glimpse of China that is refresh- Christianity, and if so, how it ing: "The Church has found real roots could help solve their problems. in the lives of the people, and favor Rural churches in China are feeling with the Government. To us, it seems University of Shanghai their way to new forms of worship. the future of Christianity for the Chi- I have never felt so near to God as in nese has never been brighter."-Daisy An article in the Religious some little village chapel near the B. Slater, Nanking. Herald of Richmond, Va., clari- fields. A cross on a table, a few scrolls fies the situation in regard to the on the wall, some backless benches, *** University of Shanghai, still in but it all belongs to the people and to the hands of the Japanese Army, God. Songs, not merely translations "The Church is the only decent despite repeated promises to re- of our Western hymns but more and thing we have left from our past."- store it to the Baptist Mission. more Christian verse set to Chinese An Educated Chinese. One of these promises ended music, throbbing with the pain and joy, the longing and hopes of country What Students Are Thinking [261 ] life, and rich in rural imagery. I A contributor to the Chinese Recorder points out that the present time is a critical one for students; and divides them into two groups with regard to their attitude toward Christianity. One group is pessimistic. They have been seriously affected by the horrors of war i they have

think of the line in one hymn, "He is Ohristian Oolleges are too small to hold the people, the spring wind and I am the grass; and in some places it is neceslet him blow"; and of that hymn with The most recent reports tell sary to hold parallel meetings. an old ballad tune which Christian us that there are at present over Progress on the East coast is farmers in many parts of China now 6,000 students in all the Chris- constant. sing as they go to their work: tian Colleges in China. This is "Wearing our straw hats and carry- 2,000 more than the previous -Sunday School Times. ing our hoes, we go to our fields, year, and only 1,000 less than praising the Lord." In Shantung and the record of peace days. This JAPAN AND CHOSEN other provinces village Christians are condition is due to the tenacity singing whole sections and chapters of students and staff in the face Economy Must Be Observed of the Bible to old tunes that have of hardship and danger. All the come down through the centuries. To Christian Colleges are still in Orders have been sent from hear the twenty-third Psalm thus existence, although only two are Prefectural Headquarters to all chanted by a country congregation is conducting all their work on religious organizations t hat to be moved to tears. their own campus-West China economy must be pra.cticed in Union University and Yenching the following ways: erect no On Easter of last year I was with University in Peiping. Cheeloo more buildings than are abso- Frank Brown of Suchowfu in one of University carries on sections of lutely necessary; do not use gold the rural churches of his missionary its work on its campus in Shan- in ornaments and decorations; field. The Christians streamed in tung, but the Medical School and do not use gold thread, and limit from the villages and filled the little Science Department have moved as far as possible the use of iron, chapel to overflowing, so that we met to West China. lead and copper; contribute in the yard outside. Each came with waste products to the governa wild flower in his hand and greeted U. S. Property Returned ment; carry on festivals economhis fellow-Christians, "Ye-su fuh-ho ically; do not have elaborate liao, Jesus is risen!" More and more On March 9, Japanese mili- funerals and marriages; curtail the rural churches of China are giv- tary forces, after many months the holding of feasts and the giving the festival the place it deserves, of occupancy, returned Soochow ing of presents; for publicathe church festival and the Christian- University to its Southern Meth- tions, use a poorer grade of ized native festival. odist owners. The Japanese au- paper. thorities also informed the Service for the Wounded United States Government that Suggestions for work that they were returning the South- Christian churches may carry The "Christian Service Coun- ern Presbyterian School and on are indicated in a program cil for Wounded Soldiers in Mission property at Kashing in announced by the Nat i .0 n a l Transit" enlarged its program Chekiang Province, and the Christian Council: (1) In Jain January this year, the nine- Southern Methodist School at pan; comfort for the wounded teenth month of China's resist- Huchow in the near future. and memorial services for the ance to aggression. Headquar- Members of the Soochow Uni- dead. (2) In China. Cooperaters of the Council have been versity staff have returned to tion with comfort agencies in removed to Chungking, provi- start repair work, and resume China and training workers for sional capital, and soon after- work at the institution. evangelism. (3) InternationaL ward eleven service units were Cooperation wit h Christian established along the various -New York Times. agencies in other lands in corhighways, railways, waterways recting mistaken views of J aor other lines of communication The Tide Rising pan's policies, and contacting inthroughout the provinces of dividuals with letters and pam- Shensi, Hupeh, Hunan, Kwangsi From French Indo-China it is phlets. (4) Distribution of the and Kwangtung. Workers wait reported that revivals are Bible and publication of pamupon wounded soldiers at the spreading. The Mois are assem- phlets. on the "emergency." various stations, serve them food bling at almost any hour of the and drink, dress their wounds, day or night for testimony, Kagawa's "Ten Points" write letters for them and ren- praise and prayer. These simpleder all help needed by the war- minded children of the jungle In one address, Kagawa has afflicted men. have met God, know their sins given five points of achievement are forgiven, and are filled with of Christianity in Japanese life. During the past year, the joy. Annamese Christians have They are: personal piety, purity, Christian Service Council had been touched also through a Chi- respect for labor, the spirit of under its direct employ only nese evangelist, and their lives peace and the spirit of social about 100 workers, drawn from have been completely changed. service. As for peace, he says the various Christian churches, that while the Japanese people schools and hospitals in differ- Changes are coming about in have never particularly abhorred ent centers throughout the coun- Sumatra also, and Mohammedan war, they are calling the present try. This foundation group drew influence is on the wane. The war a "war for peace." This into their respective folds of Batak Christians now number idea can be traced to Christianservice a total of 2,000 men. A 400,000, and 28,000 were bap- ity; that is, it is a step in adtotal of 460,754 wounded soldiers tized last year. The churches were assisted during the past year. Generalissimo Chi a n g Kai-shek has expressed his appreciation for the invaluable service thus rendered.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

vance that they must find an ex- Government officials h a v e jian schools, both in the number cuse for war. of pupils and the quality of work been friendly; a preaching per- done. Most significant of all is the changed attitude toward In a different address he mit for any place at any time Christianity among all the peopointed out five mistakes in mis- was readily secured; but the ple of the Islands. No longer sionary work: too much de- priests had warned the people are expressions of contempt pendence on Japanese workers; that the Protestant devils had heard when a Christian passes failure to read Japanese news- horns, and were evil people. by; opposition is being suppapers; unfamiliarity with good This aroused great curiosity, planted by admiration. Whereas Japanese books; too little min- especially among the children. religion is fighting for its life in gling with Japanese people and As the evangelists approached, so many countries, in Fiji there not growing with the Japanese. however, most people would dis- are signs of a rising tide of re- The Church of Christ will take appear within and bar their vival. time, he says; maybe four hun- doors, but their windows re- mained open, so the workers Clothes for Pitcairn Islanders dred years. would stand on the street and An amateur radio in the home -Japan Christian Quar- preach in a loud voice, knowing of Mrs. Dorothy Hall of Long terly. there were many listening ears. Island, New York, is practically the only contact that the 215 A few of the bolder inquirers Pitcairn Islanders have with the outside world. Ships that hap- "Combating Superstition" came to the evangelist's home in pen to be in that latitude call in- in Formosa frequently, but no closer than day time, but most of them five miles because of the shoals. Islanders must row out to meet The rigorous "Nipponizing" sneaked in at the back door by them. Since Mrs. Hall made campaign under way in Formosa night. At one time the workers public an appeal for supplies and . were speaking to a crowd when medic-ine last July, as all the includes the elimination of the world knows, she has been in Chinese language, even from a woman with eyes tightly closed constant touch with the island, primary schools; all teachers are for fear of seeing something, and the descendants of the required to have a command of came groping through the crowd Bounty mutineers look upon her the Japanese language, which in search of her son who, she as their agent and savior. When- knew, was listening. Still an- ever supplies run short, or demeans that Formosan teachers other day, during a street corner sires are expressed, they appeal are replaced by Japanese. Jap- to Mrs. Hall by radio to make service, an old woman ran out of the purchase and expedite the anese must also be th!Ol spoken her house with a bolo, ready to shipment, thus saving many prelanguage in homes, and the knife the preacher. She was re- cious weeks; otherwise, they strained, but the meeting broke must wait for a ship to call and police check up as to whether up. take the order. A recent request this is being done; also, whether was for a white shirt to wear to church; and something to use families have replaced the old It is encouraging that teach- as a substitute for tea and coffee, since the islanders will not drink Chinese gods with Shinto deities ersand school principals have either for religious reasons. -this, to do away with "superstition"! Compliance with these open minds, and are anxious for Honolulu Again a Foreign requirements assures the head of Field the family a preference in get- students to have the New Tes- On recommendation of the' tament. -The Message. Finance Department of the Epis- copal National Council, Honolulu ting a local job, or success in his The Fijians Today has been restored to its former business; and conversely, with- status as a foreign mission field; and Bishop Littell of Honolulu out such compliance it is impos- The Governor, Sir Harry has been given discretionary sible to find a job, or carryon Luke, was in attendance at the power to allocate appropriations business. Fijian Synod last fall, and was for this field. Since 1935, Hono- lulu had been considered a do- presented a whale's tooth by the mestic missionary field.

ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC Fijians as a mark of their re- -The Living Church.

Victories in, Batanes Islands gard. The Governor told them that, as a fellow-Christian, he Up to 1937 there had never rejoiced in the evidences of what been a Protestant worker in the Christianity has done for Fiji Batanes Islands, in the extreme and the Fijians.

north of the Philippines. Two The Synod celebrated the 25th Baptist missionaries, Dr. and anniversary of Baker Hall, built Mrs. Culley, were the first to go, in memory of Rev. Thomas and left two Filipino evangelists Baker and seven Fijian Christo establish a permanent work. tians who were killed and eaten A total of 2'15 conversions are in 1867. The building contains noted in the latest report, and 12,000 stones, a fact which sugtwo young men from Batanes gested the text for the occasion: are studying at Manila Evan- "Ye also as living stones are gelistic Institute, in preparation built into a spiritual temple."

for returning to their province Educational progress has been as evangelists. marked in both Indian and Fi-

NORTH AMERIOA The Bible Goes to School the land, for the most part un- molested. Those five Indian Another Unfinished Task Gideon Bibles are going to chiefs and army officials met and Although the Christian forces school. Inspired by Canada's of the United States have been negotiated at the junction of the attempting for more than 300 three years of placing Bibles in years to evangelize the North Trinity and vKelraymsaptoht Rt hi vaet ras~aInnd- American Indians, only about the schools, the Gideons of it is on this half of the 350,000 profess to be either Catholics or Protestants· America adopted as their na- dian Presbyterian Church has while the other half are stili pagan. Sectarian divisions are tional objective ilnastthyeeanr~t"ioTnh'es been built, near the old Indian no doubt partly responsible; an- nation's Book other factor has been the enor- rancheria known as Weitchpec. mity o~ the task ?f evangelizing schools for the boys and girls of the whIte populatIOn as it moved About ten years ago when the westward from the Atlantic to America." Denver, Colo., was the Pacific, obscuring the need Rev. Emil A. Schwab became for evangelizing the Indian. the first city to follow out this p~stor of the Presbyterian In- Now that there are no longer dIan Chureh at Hoopa, he saw 'an any frontiers in the United objective on a large scale, al- States, the Christianization of the Indian should receive more though other states rapidly fol- opportunity to extend Christian attention. Notable work has been done by the Episcopal lo~ed. Six hundred and fifty work among the Indians at Church among the Sioux in South Dakota, and by Baptists BIbles have been placed in 63 Weitchpec; whereupon, a Sunand Methodists in Oklahoma. schools in Denver: Several sub- day School was osregtanuizped~nda -Christian Observer. preaching station urban schools have been sup- Are Americans Being Duped? plied, making a total of 700 ac- through the years services have tually placed in schools, at the been maintained. Lseacsut ryede afr ~oamn appropriation was last report. Contributions have come mainly from Colorado Sun- the Board of National Missions day schools. Gideons themselves which made possible the erection visit Sunday schools and present' of a church building. It was dedi- the plan. cated November 16, 1938. An The fact that copies go only interesting part of the dedica- to rooms requesting one is as- tory service was the reading of surance that it will be used. an historical sketch of the Mis- sion by a grandson of one of the Teachers read passages for a ~ornin~ devotional, they study five Indian chiefs who had a It as hterature, they use it in part in the negotiations over the memory work, they use it as ref- land. erence material.

EpDisrc.oWpa. lRuCshseulrlcBh,owNie~wof Grace Realizing the general lack of Ohristianity and National York, knowledge of the Bible, the Gid- Wealth recently expressed astonishment eons are preparing a list of ref- erences adapted to students; and Speaking before 500 business at ~he number of apparently in- an outgrowth of this whole proj- and professional men at a Chi- cago Chamber of Commerce te~hgent persons who are being ect n?w follows in the forming me~ting, W. A. McIntyre, Sal- of BIble research clubs in the vatIOn Army Commissioner for mIsled by under-cover anti- schools. These are regular the central states, said that the school clubs, each sponsored by Army has contributed two bil- Semitism. Exaggerated state- lion dollars to the wealth of the a member. of the faculty, and United States by the reclamation ments are made that are cal- they pr:ovIde both Bible study of over 200,000 "down-and- and socIal contact for Christian outers." When a citizen is lost culated to arouse dislike of Jews young people. The study in to society through drunkenness, as many thousands are every by people who pose as intelligent these clubs covers a wide range of subjects, such as archeology, ~ear! ther~ is !l- monetary value defenders of the truth. These astronomy and other sciences in the light of the Bible. mevItable m hIS restoration. An people are unwitting tools of -So S. Times. propaganda by groups who are using anti-Semitism as an in- strument to establish here the same sort of fascist regime as is in power in Germany and Italy. Here is the technique: Divide the nation into groups: get New Hoopa Indian Ohurch economist estimates the average ~me. ~roup to hate another; fasten an It was eighty-seven years ago person is worth $10,000 to the last October that five Indian InVIdIOUS label on every one who chieftains, representing tribes in country. Mr. McIntyre says northern California, met a milifst~aeneddosmf(orfa~Armpelraiyca; n ideals of honor tary commission and entered in- that in his life time he has seen call every cham: to treaties with the United plOn of JustIce a communist and every States Government whereby cer- 200,000 human derelicts, with no tain tracts of land were deeded Jew a communist; call every labor to the Indians. These treaties future but sapisrliatbuailnlythaendmophrygsu.ie~ have never been ratified, but the recovered lead,er in the North and every or- Indians have continued to occupy ~amzer of the pitiful share-croppers cally through the ministry of the I!l the South an enemy to the estab- Salvation Army. This means a ~Ishc:d order; call every defender of Jus~lce for the Negro a traitor to contribution to soc i e t y of whIte supremacy – in short stir up $2,000,000,000.

enough antagonisms and you will The totals mount when one make democracy unworkable and the adds the results of other rescue stage will be set for a Hitler.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

mISSIOns, and the ministry of stroyed. In all, the cash loss is friends with officials, and finally the churches. In commenting, approximately $10,000, but this gained permission to begin evanan editorial writer in the Watch- does not include loss of farm in- gelistic work. Although hunman-Examiner says that while come and that from damaged dreds of men crowded in to hear, one cannot approve of measur- buildings. when they were given their freeing the value of a life in dollars dom, they were soon back in and cents, this is nevertheless a ELMER E. GABBARD. prison for new crimes. Then language that business men the prison walls were made to understand; and that our eco- LATIN AMERICA ring with the warnings of God's nomic depression is in large part judgments on murder, theft, and the result of business leaders Student Pastor in Puerto Rico other forms of wickedness, toforgetting that Christianity pro- gether with the assurance of forduces far-reaching benefits to the The University of Puerto Rico giveness through Christ. Soon nation. is a growing institution. It has it was evident that "something" recently added several ne,w was happening. Tears flowed; Good and Evil Influences buildings, and its six depart- prisoners began to make a "clean ments have a faculty of 229, breast" of their sins and there A group of workers of St. with a total enrolment of nearly has been a mighty turning to Mark's Methodist Church in 5,000 students. For some time Christ in this prison. Many are New Orleans recently made a the evangelical churches of now reading the New Testament, survey of the French Quarter of Puerto Rico have hoped that an and some are genuinely conthat city, in which the church is evangelical pastor might be ap- verted. located, and report that this pointed to the University staff, a Quarter has about a dozen bad hope that has now been realized. A Nurse's Job in Guatemala influences to one good influence; Rev. Domingo Marrero, missionor, 285 bad influences and only ary in Santo Domingo for some Poverty, malnutrition and dis- 25 good ones. In the category years, a Methodist minister with ease underlie the picturesque of bad influences are 264 saloons excellent preparation, a fine beauty of Guatemala which touror beer parlors, six dance halls, speaker and strong in Christian ists admire. Miss Lucy Bestand fifteen gambling houses. education, was appointed to the wick, R.N., conducts a clinic in staff. He has already won the her home in Quezaltenango and Among the twenty-five good respect and affection of both stu- in the near-by villages. She has influences were eight churches, dents and faculty. learned to drive a car on roads eight schools, one park, two play- where a leeway of six inches begrounds, one library, one kinder- The Federation of Evangelical tween the car and precipice is garten, two health centers, and Churches of Puerto Rico re- considered ample, and where 72 two community centers. cently honored Mr. Marrero by hairpin turns in a distance of appointing him as executive sec- two miles make what Guate- -World Outlook. retary of the Committee of Re- malans call a good road. There ligious Education of that or- are regions, however, where the Flood at Buckhorn Mission ganization. nurse and her car cannot go- not because she fears the road The region around Buckhorn, Preaching to Prisoners but because there is no road; Kentucky, experienced the most then she takes her bag and disastrous flood in its history in F. J. Huegel, a missionary to climbs to whatever cornstalk hut January, and the waters did Mexico under the United Chris- may need her services. their worst on the premises of tian Missionary Society, has the Presbyterian Mission there. been a leader in prison work in Last summer typhus broke out The church was under eight feet Mexico. He writes in World Call and 87 died. Though it origof water. The Domestic Science of some of the difficulties. At inates in poverty and filth, the building, McKenzie Hall, Englis Xochimilco the Christian work- privileged class is struck down Home, the Geer Gymnasium and ers were told that if they would too. So Miss Bestwick set up an the store rooms were all flooded. teach the prisoners to read, and isolation hospital in a little evan- The water went into the second kill bed bugs, that would be more gelical chapel, where she and an story of the Domestic Science to the point than giving "a mes- Indian preacher who volunteered building and totally or partially sage of pretty words." Both to help, and twelve patients were destroyed all the weavings. Al- projects were undertaken on the left to fight it out. One patient most all the food supply that side, and the result was a group died; eleven got well. had been canned and dried and of Believers won after a year of placed in the new store room, preaching. Two years of preach- Colombian Christians built safe~ above the highest ing at Coyoacan had a similar water level 'known to the oldest result. Days in the s'addle, nights in citizens, was destroyed. a hammock, heat, insects, fatigue Mexican law forbids evan- are incidentals in an evangelistic The whole farm program of gelical activity in the federal trip over mountain trails in inthe school was disrupted, and prison, but when a young nurse terior Colombia, but these hardhope of returns from gardens, killed her lover and was put in poultry and dairy seem de- the prison, Mr. Huegel visited her. He took books, made

ships did not dim Mr. W. W. mosque in London, connected were granted religious liberty on Thomas' enthusiasm over the with the Ahmadiyya sect which February 17, 1848. Since that staunch qualities of Colombian is only about seventy years old. time, realizing that they must be Christians. Said he: "To use missionary, they have spread the your machete for chopping brush Hinduism has not formerly Gospel throughout Italy and toinstead of carving your neigh- favored proselyting but is now day they have churches, mission bor, to be a teetotaler, to be the conducting propaganda in Eu- stations and organized groups in husband of one wife, to read the rope and America, through their Italy, in Italian East Africa, in Bible and try to practice its swamis. Hindu publications are Uruguay and Argentina, and teaching – all these sound like issued in English and German North America. commonplace things to us; but as well as in Indian languages. they are not commonplace to the Many of the Hindu sects are Bible Study in France mountain villager in Colombia." closely related to Theosophy and some claim a considerable fol- As if tired of human theories, Mr. Thomas met a woman lowing of the yogi cults. French Protestants are drawing who told him she never used to closer to the Word, and forming know when her husband would A Waldensian Celebration Bible reading circles. Out of get home, because he simply this has come the formation of could not pass the cantina with- This year the Waldenses plan Bible study groups in a number out stopping to get drunk. "But to celebrate the 250th anniver- of churches. In one church an now," she said, "I still never sary of their "Glorious Return." entire afternoon was given over know when he'll be home, but After the revocation of the Edict to a detailed study of selected that's because he can't pass. any- of Nantes by Louis XIV of portions of the Bible. In another body on the trail without stop- France, the Waldenses in Italy place, sixty young people were ping to tell him what Christ has suffered greatly from ruthless seen bent over their Bibles in done for him, and urge the other persecutions. In 1687 the small meditation. Observations made man to become a Christian too." remnant were allowed to flee to by these young people, whose Switzerland and there they kept training and environment had -:-Monday Morning. alive their love for religious lib- given them no special aptitude erty and for their valleys in for Bible study, showed a grasp EUROPE Northern Italy. Two years later, of Scripture truth. in August, 1689, Pastor Henry Asiatic Missions in England Arnaud led about 600 men across -Sunday School Times. the Alps to the Waldensian Val- Rev. G. Francis S. Gray, a leys, where, against superior Religions of Central Europe missionary of the S. P. G., when forces of French and Italian on furlough, made an investiga- soldiers, they rewon their home- Practically every European tion of the activities of Bud- land. This "Glorious Return" creed may be found in Czechodhists, Moslems and Hindus in will be celebrated in Italy in slovakian territory. Here live England. He visited the head- August and the first week in Roman Catholics, Lutherans, quarters of the two main Bud- September. Calvinists, Jews, Roman Uniates, dhist organizations. One is the Old Catholics, Baptists, Metho- "Buddhist Lodge," which has The Western Section of the dists, ultra-patriotic Czechoslobeen in existence for about fif- World Alliance, which met in vak National Church, Greek Orteen years and was formerly a Pittsburgh, February 28-March thodox, Pietists, agnostics and branch of the Theosophical 1, adopted resolutions express- atheists. Presidents Masaryk Society. Its work is largely ing their congratulations to the and Benes were of the Hussite devoted to the translation of Waldensian Church, and calling tradition; the present premier Buddhist classics. The other this historic event to the atten- is a Roman prelate. Roman Buddhist Mission (also called Catholics embrace about two the British Maha Badhi) with tion of Protestant churches.* thirds of the population; less headquarters in London, is con- than a tenth are Protestant, the nected with Ceylon Buddhism The Waldenses are the oldest two ma,in subdivisions being and is more intent on propa- survlvmg evangelical church Lutherans and Calvinists. The ganda. It was founded in 1926 group in the West. Their his- Moravians, some of whom setby a Singalese but the monks torY is continuous from the tled in Bethlehem, Penna., total find it difficult to observe their twelfth century to the present about 8,000 in Czechoslovakia. religious rules in the climate of day. Their missionary efforts Congregationalists n u m b e r England. at one time covered most of Eu- 7,000, Methodists 8,000 and Bap- rope and their influence was tists perhaps 3,000 Smaller Islam in Epgland is repre- strong in the Latin, Germanic, American sects, such as Russellsented by two sects. There are and some Slavic lands. The ites, Pentecostals and Seventhonly two mosques but a number Waldenses helped prepare for Day Adventists are represented. of Moslem prayer houses, mainly the Protestant Reformation by There is also a group of some for Eastern M 0 s I ems. One sending missionaries and the 600,000 seceding Catholics who mosque at Woking is staffed by Bible throughout Europe. They resemble in their beliefs the Indians, graduates of Indian universities. There is another • Suitable music and other helps for the celebration of this anniversary may· be ob- tained from the American Waldenslan Aid Society, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York,

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Alnglicans of the time Qf Henry to its readers last December to. tiQn fQr the purpQse o.f spreading the VIII. kno.wledge amo.ng o.ther peo.ples., cQntribute to a fund to supply that they, to.o., might be made In the midst Qf cQnflicting ra- happy thro.ugh its ,blessings. cial claims Qf Czechs, SIQvaks, destitute Russians all o.ver the These charitable o.rganizatio.ns PQles, Ruthenians, Sudetens, WQrld with free Bibles. This send o.ut their educatio.nal mis- Magyars, Jews, Rumanians and met with pro.mpt and hearty re- siQns, supply them with mo.ney Gypsies, the religiQus aspect Qf SPo.nse on the part o.f Swedish and supPo.rt them in every way, the CzechQslQvakia prQblem have Christians, and in one month fo.r no. o.ther purpo.se but sincere been largely Qverlooked. This about $2,500 were sent to. the service fo.r humanity's sake and seems all the mQre remarkable o.ffice of the paper fo.r this pur- fQr the lessening Qf its afflictions. since this is the land Qf J Qhn pose. With this sum, 6,000 co.m- Wherever these missiQns have Hus, Qne of the fQunders Qf plete Russian Bibles can be sent, gQne, they have becQme angels PrQtestantism. and several societies are now Qf mercy and examples of per- busy distributing them amo.ng fect fulfilment of duty. "God. Seekers" in Yugoslavia Russians in the Baltic States, Po.land, Czecho.slovakia, Ruma- "If the noble feeling, that o.f The Watchman-Examiner re- nia, France, Brazil, Argentina sincere cQoperation among na- PQrts a new religiQus mQvement and Manchuria. tions, permeated the individuals that is sweeping over YugQ- of society and brotherhoo.d of slavia. More than 400 brQther- AFRICA love were spread among all, then hQQds have been Qrganized and all nations would be the memtens Qf thQusands Qf members Leaders for New Egypt bers of one family, and most huhave been enrQlled. TheyadvQ- man tro.ubles would be ended." cate a return to. the Qriginal In 1921 Wilbert Smith went primitive life of the evangelists., to Cairo. with a co.mmissio.n and -The Moslem World. free frQm the "burdens" of an idea. The co.mmissio.n was to. earthly PQssessiQns, and call start an Egyptian Y. M. C. A. Spiritual Progress in themselves "GQd-seekers.." Many Friends in America provided the Sudan thQusands are said to be giving $275,000 for a building, and away all their possessiQns and England and America provided C. M. S. missionaries tell of a j Qining this movement. five secretaries. But the idea remarkable spiritual movement was more difficult to put thro.ugh. in parts Qf the Upper Nile re- Galicians Eager for Gospel It was that the new Y. M. C. A. gion, with schools, hospitals and must be manned by Egyptians churches all flourishing. Mrs. Last year, in the Galician re- and stand o.n its o.wn feet. Now, K. G. Fraser writes in the Life giQn Qf pQland, wQrd was sent after 18 years, eight o.f the ten of Faith: Qut that an evangelical Christian secretaries are Egypitians and meeting WQuid be held in Qne Qf o.nly two. are Americans. The s c h 0 01 s and dispensaries the villages, and five thQusand throughout the country are packed perSQns responded by attending, The first Egyptian to. become with people, and on Sundays the SQme Qf whom had traveled 35 a Y secretary had been an ardent crowds are so great that they have miles. nationalist, and tho.ught the Y overflow meetings at every center. o.ught to. be destroyed, so he At Chief J ambo's there are over 1,000 This meeting was Qne Qf the j Qined it in Qrder to. bo.re fro.m people every Sunday morning. In addevelQpments. Qf the interna- within. Now he is more reSPo.n- dition to sixteen out-schools there are tiQnal Christian WQrk carried Qn sible than any other man for now ten preaching places, and quite with the help of the Central Bu- pro.ducing the yo.ung leaders 10,000 people hear the Gospel every reau for Relief o.f Evangelical both in bo.ys' and men's depart- Sunday. Several well-known witch Churches in Europe, begun ments who. are interpreting doctors have broken up their charms twelve years ago. The work in Y. M. C. A. ideals to. the youth and destroyed their entire parapher- Galicia no.w has 18 salaried pas- of the natio.n. Another of the nalia, and are attending services and tors, 75 grQUps of worshippers, eight is now studying in the New classes regularly. 40 organized churches, 3,020 York Schoo.l of Social WQrk, and recognized church members and plans to. return to. Egypt for spe- There are not enough beds for all 2'0 Sunday Schools. Of the 40 cial work in this field. the patients in the hospital at Lui, and Qrganized cQngregations, five as for schools, about 80 attend the meet in chapels. The remaining Honor to Mission Schools Girls' Classes, sixty the Women's 35, until they receive aid in School and over 200 pupils are in the erecting buildings conforming to. The Governor Qf Assiut PrQv- Boys' School. Sale of Gospels has the local law, meet in peasants' ince, Egypt, in addressing 2,000 gone up by leaps and bounds. In short, cottages consisting of one living at the co.mmencement exercises the increase in the Christian commuroom each. of Assiut College, said: "One of nity has far outstripped the resources the accepted human principles is in teachers and evangelists. It is re- Bibles for Russians that individuals coo.perate in ported that 11,000 Christians are in o.verco.ming difficulties, the the care of one African pastor, the A Swedish Christian paper, strQng helping the weak. Gro.ups nearest missionary being 80 miles Hemmets Van, issued an appeal Qf charitably inclined individ- away. uals have gQne ahead in civiliza- Nigeria Opens Its Doors The establishment of leper set- tlements by the Sudan Interior Mission, the Sudan United Mis- siQn and the C. M. S. in several

provinces of Nigeria has gained boys play football with bare menian and Syrian Evangelical the good will of the people to feet, harder than boots, and the Churches. The Bible Lands such a degree that missionary native band at the game dis- Union for Christian Education work is now possible in the for- courses "The Swanee Ribber" conducted a successful Sunday merly closed Moslem emirates of on instruments of bamboo joints. School Institute and the Arme- Kano, Katsina Zaria and Sokoto nian Christian Endeavor Socie- Provinces. The above named mis- It should be further noted that ties held a large and enthusiastic sions are caring for about 800 the white man's prestige is prac- conference whose results are belepers. With government assist- tically a thing of the past. In ing evidenced in various direcance the Brethren mission is car- the commercial world the su- tions. The British Syrian Mising for 500 lepers and the Dutch perior,educated native has dis- sion and Danish missionaries Reformed Church for 400 more. placed the inferior w hit e. also held a ten-day summer Natives are to be found in large school. In the Steps of Dan Crawford offices and banks, using compli- cated cash registers and type- The Near East School of The- Mr. Ernest Salisbury, mis- writers, and keeping their firm's ology, another union institution, sionary of the Brethren, last ledgers. Many of the captains graduated five students last year visited the district around of large transport steamers are year; two were women. Hospi- Luanza Mission, Elisabethville, natives, as are postmasters and tals of the American Mission in Belgian Congo, where Dan traders. Tripoli and Deir-ez-Zor, and that Crawford labored for so many of the Edinburgh Medical Misyears. He describes a confer- -Sunday School Times. sionary Society in Damascus are ence of native Christians, which all filled and several young began each day with a devotional WESTERN ASIA women have completed their message and prayer. This was training as qualified nurses. followed by a study of Paul's Religion in Turkey Epistle to Titus, presented in a -NearEast Christian Counhelpful manner. Gospel services There is a distinction between cil N eW8 Bulletin. were held in the evenings, and official and personal attitude toon the closing day four converts ward religion in Turkey. Offi- Two Bible Societies Combine were baptized. Nine persons in- cially, Turkey is completely secdicated their desire to become ular, but religion is respected The American Bible Society Christians. because it is ingrained in the life and the British and Foreign and thought of the people. Tur- Bible Society have combined Mr. Salisbury's tour of the key has not suppressed religion, their work in the Near East, Luanza district covered 350 but has separated religious and and have established headquarmiles, including a visit to the tin secular authority which were ters in Beirut. The American mines where thousands of na- formerly united in the Sultan. Press is the chief publishing tives are employed. At the In thousands of mosques and in agency for the Society. During hospital no fewer than 200 pa- hundreds of churches and syna- one recent four-month period, tients are treated daily. Bibles gogues worship goes on unhin- 40,000 Bibles and portions were had been given to a number who dered. Four evangelical churches shipped out, most of them to the had shown their keenness in in Istanbul hold services as Port Said depository. In addievangelistic work, while two na- usual. tion to Bibles, the Press prints tives had been sent as colpor- textbooks and other publications. teurs to villages near the mines. No religious training for chil- A monthly magazine issued by A three-room house has been dren is permitted, except at the Press goes to North and erected for untainted children of home, but there is a good oppor- South America, as well as to leper parents.-The Christian. tunity for mission Sun day Asiatic and European countries. schools. Schools have been sec- Palestine, Iran and other Arabic- Changes in Nyasaland ularized and mosque schools speaking countries are good cus- suppressed. Early morning call tomers for literature. These are suggested by the re- to prayer has been discontinued; cent dedication of a memorial Sunday is now a legal holiday Results Among Moslems window in the mission church instead of the Mohammedan Friat Ekwendeni, representing Luke day. The sale of Christian lit- It is sometimes said that a and commemorating the minis- erature is limited by censorship. hundred years of effort to contry of Dr. Walter A. ElmsIie; vert Moslems have not produced the singing of Ngoni songs with Progress in Syria results. A report of the Near Christian words, and Scottish East Christian Council, while psalms as well. Tales of sav- This country, too, has its prob- admitting that the number of agery are all but incomprehen- lems, but mission schools report converts is not large, calls attensible to Ngoni young people of advance. Aleppo College has tion to the incalculable change today, who are happier by far erected new buildings and over that Christian thought and than their forefathers. There 275 have enrolled. This School ideals have wrought upon Islam. are slave raiders no longer. The is a united undertaking of the The reports reminds that it is American Presbyterian Mission, not required of stewards that the American Board and the Ar-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

they be successful, but that they Indian Communal Groups Dr. John McKenzie, Principal of must be "faithful." Wilson College, was elected Mod- Recently, the Near East Chris- The National Missionary So- erator, an appointment for three ciety of India has now eleven years. tian Council has been looking fields in India. The work is carinto the reasons for the lack of ried on in association with neigh- Communicant membership of definite results. The inquiry boring missions, and comprises the United Church of Northern has centered around two ques- district work, hospitals, an ash- India stands at present at 77,000, tions : (1) "What special hin- ram and a college. Thus, the all- while the adherents. number well drances make work for Moslems India society has extended its over 200,000. The India Mission less successful than similar ef- work into almost every branch of the Lutheran, and of the Reforts for other people?" and (2) of the Christian missionary en- formed Church in America, were "What changes in methods or terprise. The Poona and Indian incorporated with the United line of approach offer hope of Village Mission, in its last re- Church of North India, after better success?" The two hin- port, faces up to the results of nearly six years of negotiating. drances stand out: Christian itswork. It describes its bapteaching does not mean the same tized converts for the last five Another action taken by the to the Moslem as to the Chris- years as numbering eight. The Assembly had to do with a protian ; and to the Moslem a change churches, which meet almost en- posed foreign mission project. of religion involves a change of tirely in compounds, consist of Definite plans submitted by the group connection and loyalty. Christians entirely dependent Foreign Missions Committee on the mission. There cannot be were approved by the Assembly, The best way to overcome in the whole area more than and the Church will now be these hindrances is first: more fifty-five Christians not depend- asked to support its own mission devotion, more prayer, more ef- ent on the mission; some of the in East Africa. Almost all the fort, more faith, more love; and latter are not in regular attend- Church Councils are supporting second, a way must be found ance, and the names of others are home missions within their own around the obstacles, so as to not even on the church rolls. bounds. avoid a frontal attack on the There are altogether in touch Moslem position. This requires with the mission about one hun- -Presbyterian Register. a sympathetic understanding of dred and sixty individuals. the Moslem mind. Efforts should Growth in Elementary Schools center about making J e sus It should be remembered that Christ known as a personality, India moves in com m una I One of the changes of the last rather than on doctrinal discus- groups, and that work for indi- decade has been the phenomenal sion. New converts should be viduals often causes a deadlock. increase in the number of chilled to develop such a sympathetic One missionary relates his ex- dren going to school; indeed, relationship with their neigh- periences in Hyderabad State, there has been a marked advance bors that a spiritual fellowship where he had refused to baptize in all stages of school training; will follow. individual converts until they but according to the Minister of had made every effort to win Education in Lahore, what is -American Mission Report. their relatives and friends. On now needed is not so much quan- one occasion he took a number titative expansion as consolida- INDIA, BURMA, SIAM of these unbaptized converts tion of what· has been under- with him, and they visited in a taken. He would like to see the Hunger for the Gospel team the relations and friends of system of education in schools to each throughout the district, be based on community work- A convincing evidence of In- with the result that in a few more on actual observation of dia's hunger for the Gospel is months one thousand were under things and facts and nature found in the statement of an preparation for baptism. study than on mere cramming English Methodist missionary in and the reading of officially prethe Deccan. He says that in his -Australian Missionary scribed textbooks. thirty-eight years of missionary Review. service he has never yet gone to Not in costly buildings, but in a village for evangelistic work United Church of North India thatched houses, if need be, he without being called to it by the would have students trained in people thems.elves. During the A successful General Assem- simple living and high thinking; past three or four decades the bly of the United Church of with more attention given to dedemand for copies of the Chris- North India was held early this velopment of mind and chartian Scriptures has far exceeded year in Bombay. From nineteen the supply. Similar conditions acter. -Agricultural Mission Notes.

exist among the Bhils of West- Church Councils, or Presby- A Note on Prohibition . ern Central India. During the teries, covering an area from past three years the North India the Northern Panjab to Assam, The following observation on United Church has baptized Rajputana and Central India, the prohibition campaign is en- thirty thousand from among some 100 delegates gathered. lightening. A correspondent of Some delegates traveled more the Daily Times of India who these primitive peoples.

-Dnyanodaya. than 3,000 miles to be present. has been investigating economic

conditions on behalf of the Bom- these versions is told by Rev. than 1,000 consecutive cases bay Industrial Survey Commit- J. M. S. Hooper in his recently there has not been the loss of tee, made a special study of the published book, "The Bible in any mother. With the medical effects of the "No Drink Cam- India." care has gone the presentation of paign" on the lives of some fish- the Gospel of Christ. ermen. Here is his report: Baptist Union a Reality Bangkok is a difficult field for About 42 fishermen of Kumta were The Baptist Union of India, evangelistic work. In the hustle working in cooperation and owned a Burma and Ceylon is an accom- of such a city, it is difficult to rampan (big net). As was their cus- plished fact. The tentative or- make lasting contacts. A good tom, before going on work with the ganization was set up at Bala- time to present the Gospel is durrampan and after coming from it they sore in February, 1936, a con~ ing the first few days following used to take toddy, all sitting in a stitution was agreed upon and a the birth of a child. To many it circle. Apart from this each of them panel of officers elected. Seven~ is the beginning of plans for also invariably had his bottle or two teen of the various Baptist family life and the home. To in the evening. Excluding this quan- groups ratified the constitution. others it is added responsibility, tity taken on individual account, I An inaugural session of the as well as greater joy to be found that the 42 fishermen spent, be- Union has recently been held, shared. A sympathetic interest, tween November 1937 and February and a president has been elected. with Christ-like care and atten- 1938, Rs. 800 on drinks. In short, Words of greeting from Karens, tion, are bringing results. what was happening was that the in- Burmans, Telugus, Panjabis, come of the male members was being Bengalis, Assamese and head -Siam Outlook. spent on drinks, and it was the woman hunters were a demonstration of who was supporting the family with the power of the Gospel. The Siam – Land of the Free her slender earnings. All this is central theme placed before the changed now. About 90 per cent of delegates at this first session The Siamese have maintained these fishermen are not drinking to- was "All one body in Christ." their independence for the past day. A small number of them have 600 years. Their ancient name freed themselves from debt and have -Baptist Missionary for themselves is thai, free. Just opened accounts with the post offices. Review. now, in this totalitarian age, They have also given up their set no- they are experimenting with a tion that fishing is impossible without Buddhist Missionaries constitution and representative toddy. Small artisans outside the from Siam government. "dry" area want prohibition in their areas too. But the real contribution The Siam Chronicle reports Siam is surrounded by broadof the experiment is seen in the eyes that a group of Buddhist priests casting stations – at Singapore, of the womenfolk. are about to set out from Ceylon Batavia, Hongkong, Calcutta, so on a missionary tour. Starting that all the currents of world How the Bible Came to India from India, and going east thought sweep over her. Her through Burma, Siam, Ind~ political patterns are new, and The honor of giving India her China, China and Japan, they her leaders are young. It is sigfirst Bible belongs to German expect to take three years to go nificant that they take up their missionaries of the Lutheran around the world. In America responsibilities with a heritage Church, who went out in 1706. and Europe they will investigate of religious liberty, unhampered There have been Christians in conditions to see what advances by a racial inferiority complex, Travancore for 1,500 years-Ja- of the Buddhist religion can be less bound by tradition than cobites, converts of early Syrian made in those two areas. Also most Orientals, unafraid of new missions, but no attempt was there are many young men in ideas. All this constitutes a made to provide the Bible for the Ceylon studying, in preparation striking challenge to the Chrisconverts. The Church of Rome to go wherever there may be an tian missionary forces, since nohas been in India for 500 years, open door for the teaching of where else in the world is Budand has today nearly 8,000,000 Buddhism. dhism so well organized and members, but only recently has firmly established as in Siam. any translation of the Scriptures For Mothers and Babies Protestant work there is largely been done under the auspices of the responsibility of the Presbythis Church. While Bangkok has some fine terian Church. The task was hospitals with modern equip- faced at aconferenc·e in Feb- In 1857, the year of the Sepoy ment, they are not adequate to ruary, when a program of evan- Rebellion, the British and For- care for young mothers and new- gelism was outlined for the imeign Bible Society appointed a born babies. Fifteen years ago, mediate future. committee to prepare a union the Presbyterian Mission in version of the Bible. An earlier Siam assigned Miss J. Christen- For the past five years, the Tamil version, translated by Lu- sen to Bangkok, to work out young king Ananda Mahidol has therans, had served the purpose some plan for helping in this been studying in L a usa nne, of introducing the Book, al- great problem. Switzerland. In November he though it had many defects. The went to Bangkok to open the pr.inciple races of all India now Government approval of her newly-elected parliament and atpossess the whole Bible, trans- work has been given for, in more tend to various official duties. lated by men like William Carey and Henry Martyn with the help -Foreign Affairs Bulletin. of Indian scholars, and finally revised by committees of the Bible Societ.y. The story of all Our Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information Studies in Popular Islam. By Samuel social worker, builder, truck ments, explicit and tacit. It can M. Zwemer. 8vo. 148 pp. $2.50. driver, preacher in three lan- Macmillan Co. New York. 1939. guages, Bible class teacher, and be expressed in words (verac- has trained a very efficient staff Forty years of study and ex- of native nurses. The frontis- ity) , or in actions such as fulperience has made Dr. Zwemer piece, showing a Burmese doctor an authority on this subject. As a and his wife and twenty-nine filment of contracts, and in missionary to Moslem lands, edi- nurses belonging to his Amertor of The Moslem World, the ican Baptist missionary hospital habits such as fidelity, loyalty, author of many books on Islam, at Namkham, Burma-where he wide travel and recently Pro- has been in charge for seventeen and dependability. A lie is an fessor of History of Religion and years-is most impressive. He Christian Missions at Princeton, is a graduate from Johns Hop- attempt to deceive without conhe has gathered an immense kins University and a fourth amount of information. Above generation missionary, the great- sent. It may not succeed; yet if all he writes with sympathy for grandson of Rev. J. H. Vincent, the good points in Islam, but a pioneer missionary to Burma. it tries to deceive it is a lie from with understanding and convic- Mrs. Seagrave is evidently a tion as to the supremacy of wonderful partner in service. the moment that it crosses the Christ and His Gospel. If you would like to know how liar's lips.." Xes and it may start This volume takes up the use a ,good pioneer missionary doctor of the Moslem prayer beads, the "wastes" his time, of his adven- farther back than the lips. Ka'aba at Mecca, the sword of tures on the road, of the way he Islam, their calendar with feasts "holds the fort" against attack- Dr. Cabot's great book is in and fasts, traditions, supersti- ing tribes from China; if you are tion, sorcery and charms; the interested in amusing incidents, three parts: I-Definitions; 11- Koran and its translations, the tragedies, near tragedies and prophet and the worship of triumphs – physical and spir- Selected Problems in Honesty Adam. Here is an excellent but itual-we recommend this book. brief description of faith and It is easy, fascinating reading and Dishonesty, and III-Phipractice in Moslem life. for young and old,for doctors and laymen. losophy of Honesty. It faces Tales of a Waste-Basket Surgeon. By Dr. Gordon S. Seagrave. 265 Honesty. By Richard Cabot. $2.50. honestly the problem of honesty pp. $1.50. Judson Press. Phil- 326 pp. The Macmillan Co. New adelphia. 1938. York. 1939. and tells the truth about lies.

In an informal, chatty way, This is clear ozone, purifying Here is solid foundation for Dr. Seagrave tells many inter- and penetrating. According to esting experiences of his life as Dr. Cabot's sound doctrine a lie character and human trust and a pioneer missionary doctor in is a lie and it is always wrong. North Burma. The "waste- He agrees with Dr. Henry Clay right relations between men and basket" does not indicate the Trumbull's position: "A Lie quality of his work but the des- Never Justifiable." Honesty and nations. R. E. SPEER. tination of his patients if no truth are obligations not to be skilled medical help had been tampered with, never to be com- Abraham to Allenby. By G. Fredavailable in their time of dire promised. There is no room here erick Owen. Illus. 8vo. 351 pp. need. As it was, he saved many for Dr. Joseph Collins' physi- $2.50. Wm. B. Eerdmans Pub. Co. lives and won unbounded grati- cian's lie. Dr. Cabot is a physi- Grand Rapids, Mich. 1939. tude by this free and loving cian too,and he can find no place service. in a physician's pharmacoopia for Palestine and its history are a lie. And he has his clear defi- important and fascinating from Dr. Seagrave is a true pioneer nitions: "Honesty is the will and many points of view – political, among a primitive people. He the effort to keep one's agree- racial, archeological, geological, is not only physician and sur- cultural and religious. The augeon, but sanitary engineer, [271 ] thor of this large volume has de- voted twelve years to research in preparation for this important popular study. He spent some time with the American School of Oriental Research at Jeru- salem and his books of reference include one hundred contribu- tions to archeology, Biblical and secular history and kindred sub- jects. (He has, however, omitted many important volumes, such as those by Morton, George Adam Smith and George L. Rob- inson.) In popular and vivid narrative style Mr. Owen tells the story of God's call to Abraham to leave Dr of the Chaldees. He carries on the story of the history of Abraham and the children of It Will Be Daybreak Soon. By conflict in China is. not warfare Israel, through Egypt, the wil- Archibald Rutledge. 12mo. 129 pp. but wholesale massacre, rape derness wanderings., the period $1.25. Fleming H. Revel! Co. New and robbery. It is a horrible of the Judges, the Kings, the York. 1939. tale and would have been much exile, the Maccabean period, the worse but for the presence of time of Christ, on through the The American Negro is an in- courageous missionaries and apostolic days, the Arab con- teresting character, intensely hu- other foreigners. quest, the crusades, the rule of man, full of humor, a sense of the Turks up to the capture of God and a nearnes,s, to nature. By Life and By Death. Lessons from Jerusalem by the British under Mr. Rutledge was born in South the Diary of John C. Stam. By General Allenby. It is a check- Carolina in 1883 and is Poet E. Schuyler English. Illus. 12mo. ered history very briefly told, the Laureate of his native state. He 62 pp. 50 cents. Zondervan. Grand early portion following closely understands the Negro of the Rapids, Mich. 1939. the Biblical narrative. The story South and has written several is carefully annotated with copi- books of poetry and prose. In The Christian world knows ous reference notes to each 1932 he received the John Bur- the story of the martyrdom of chapter. roughs medal for "the best na- John and Betty Starn in China in ture writing" in America. This 1934. Their testimony is beau- Preaching-The Doctrines of Grace. volume pictures life on a South- tiful and powerful and abiding. Compiled by Roland G. Leavell. 8vo. ern plantation and reveals the Here are striking extracts from 150 pp. $1.00. Boardman Press. fine character and native ability John Starn's diary written dur- Nashville. 1939. of the old-time Negro. His ing the last three years of his sketches reminds one of some of life. Mr. English has drawn les- Present-day interest in evan- the best features of books on the sons from his courage, his faith, gelism has led the 'Superintend- Negro by Thomas Nelson Page his love and experience. It is ent of Evangelism of the South- and Booker T. Washington. stimulating to faith and sacriern Baptist Convention to collect ficial living and is especially apsome "orthodox" and very help- Green Timber. By Esther Gerberd- pealing to youth. This makes a ful messages from fifteen evan- ing Hunt. 8vo. 220 pp. 75 cents. good companion volume to "The gelical Baptist preachers. They Board of Publication of the lJ nited Faith of John and Betty Stam" deal with such Christian doc- Lutheran Church in America. Phil- with the poems of Betty. trines as God, sin, forgiveness, adelphia. repentence, f a i t h, salvation, Welcome House. By Jessie E. Moore. sanctification and glorification. This is a prize-winning story Illus. 8vo. 95 pp. Friendship These are forceful, biblical, Gos- of Olaf, a young American-born Press. New York. 1939. pel sermons that will furnish Norseman, and Ebba Maj who material for much needed became his wife. He entered the American children – primary messages to congregations in Lutheran ministry and went into and juniors-will like this story churches at home and on the the "great timberland of the of six children whose parents are mission fields. Northwest, where they faced missionaries in Iran. How they difficulties and hardships to- came to America by automobile, The Lord Is Calling. By Oswald J. gether and grew into strong, train and boat, lived in America, Smith. 96 pp. 1 sh. well-seasoned timber." It is an went to church and school, interesting, wholesome story but played, made friends, helped The Work God Blesses. By Oswald without outstanding lit era r y other people, and celebrated J. Smith. 96 pp. 1 811,. Marshall, merit as to situations, plot or Christmas-all this is told in a Morgan and Scott. London. character delineation. loving, sympathetic way, show- ing what a Christian family can Dr. Smith has a large, evan- War Conduct of the Japanese. By be and do. gelical "Peoples Church" of over Shuhsi Hsu, Ph.D. Prepared under 2,000 members in Toronto. They the auspices of the Council of Inter- Canadian Journey. By H. P. Thompare a missionary-minded people national Affairs. Circulated by the son. Paper. 68 pp. S. P. G. Lonwho give $40,000 a year to mis- China Information Service, 945 don. 1939. sions – about two times as Pennsylvania Ave., N. W., Washmuch as they spend on them- ington, D. C. 1938. The Editorial Secretary of the selves. In each of these two Society for the Propagation of volumes we have a number of This 217-page book is an at- the Gospel in Foreign Parts tells the pastor's sermons – one vol- tempt to set forth in unre- of the conditions, the people and ume on Christian doctrines, like strained language the truth the work in Western Canada. It the Virgin Birth, the Resurrec- about Japanese, methods of war- is worth reading and raises hope tion and Salvation vs. Religion; fare in China-in the air, at sea for the Western Hemisphere the other volume on Christian and on land. The author has col': even though Europe should go to service with such topics as "The lected facts and shows how pieces. The prairies, the forests, Supreme Task of the Church," Japan has disregarded interna- the pioneers and the rich reand "Responsibilities of Stew- tional laws, treaties and prom- sources should be won for Christ ardship." They are spiritual, ises, and the rights of non-com- and developed with a knowledge practical, Biblical sermons. which batants. of the love and character of God have proved their effectiveness. and with whole-hearted alle- These records are largely gience to His authority. taken from the reports of the International Committee. The

A Oorrection Edward Rawlings was born at Tomorrow. Report of the Board

Powellton, Brunswick County, Vir- Home Missions, Congregational and Dr. Speer calls our attention to a ginia, on October 23, 1865, and was Christian Churches. 160 pp. New word that was incorrectly read in the graduated from Randolph-Macon Col- York. manuscript of his review of "Essen- lege in 1886. For seventeen years tial Christianity" which appeared on (1890 to 1907) he was a pastor, and The Work God Blesses. Oswald J. page 224 of the April issue. The first was presiding elder one year. He was Smith. 96 pp. 18. Marshall, Morsentence in the last paragraph should appointed Conference Missionary Sec- gan & Scott. London. r:ead: retary in 1908 and the following year was elected Educational Secretary of War Conduct of the Japanese. Shuhsi "Dr. Angus' emphasis on the duty the Board of Missions. For two years Hsu. 217 pp. China Information of Christlikeness, of obedience and (1916-18) he was Secretary of the Service. Washington, D. C. conformity to the Spirit of Christ, or Laymen's Missionary Movement and unselfishness and sacrifice and service in 1917 became Foreign Mission Sec- The Great Succession. Leaders of and love is all to the good, but his sub- retary of the Board. He traveled the Baptist Missionary Society durjective humanism is a swan song of a widely in the interest of missions and ing the Nineteenth Century. E. A. declining liberalism." in 1926 he was elected Secretary of Payne. 160 pp. 28. Garey Press. Education and Promotion and Editor London. Penonll Items of World Outlook. The Voice of the Church in China. (ConcZuded from pa,ge 225.) *** A collection of documents. Preface by Dom P.-C. Lou Tseng-Tsiang. sity Christian Mission, which is mak- Rev. Edmund W. McDowell, D.D., 120 pp. 38. 6d. Longmans. Lon- an honorably retired missionary of the don. ing plans for the academic year of Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A., 1939-40. died in Fort Collins, Colorado, March K. T. Paul. Christian Leader. Reli- ••• 31. He was born in Altoona, Pa., gious Life of India Series. H. A. Rev. Robert M. Hopkins, D.D., March 13, 1857. Mter being gradu- Popley. 254 pp. Rs. 2.4. Y. M. ated from Wooster College, Ohio, and C. A. Press. Calcutta, India. LL.D., for the past ten years general from Western Theological Seminary, Allegheny, he and his wife sailed for Gorakhnath and the Kanphata Yogis. secretary of the World's Sunday Persia in 1887. Dr. McDowell gave George W. Briggs. Religious Life forty years of his life to service in of India Series. 380 pp. Rs. 4.8 School Association, has been elected Persia and Mesopotamia and was in- and 5.8, Y. M. C. A. Press, Calcutta, president of the United Christian Mis- strumental in developing mission work India; 8s. 6d., Oxford University in Urumia, organizing a chain of vil- Press, London. sionary Society with headquarters at lage schools and churches through the Indianapolis. Dr. Hopkins was born mountains all the way from Urumia Yesterday and Tomorrow in North- to Mosul. After the organization of ern Nigeria. Walter Miller. lUus. in Trenton, Kentucky, and has been the United Mission in Mesopotamia in 182 pp. 58. Student Christian engaged in religious educational work 1922, he was stationed at Mosul until Movement Press. London. he was honorably retired in 1928. One since 1900 when he became Sunday of his two sons, Philip C. McDowell, The Mahar Folk. A Study of Un- M.D., is now a member of the Pres- touchables in Maharastra. Alexschool evangelist for the Disciples of byterian Mission in Teheran, Iran. ander Robertson. Religious Life of India Series. Rs. 2 and 3, Y. M. Christ in Kentucky. In 1910 he be- New Books C. A. Press, Calcutta; 48. 6d., Oxcame Bible School Secretary of the ford University Press, London. . American Christian Missionary So- Abraham to Allenby. G. Frederick ciety, and ten years later was placed Owen. 351 pp. $2.50. Eerdman African Women. A Study of the Ibo Pub. Co. Grand Rapids. of Nigeria. Sylvia Leith-Ross. lUus. in charge of the Department of Reli- 367 pp. 158. Faber and Faber. The Art of Conducting Public W or- London. gious Education in the United Chris- ship. Albert W. Palmer. 211 pp. tian Missionary Society. He has done $2.50. Macmillan. New York. From My African Notebook. A. Schweitzer. Trans. by Mrs. C. E. B. a remarkable work in connection with Civilization. The Next Step. Delisle Russell. Illus. 132 pp. 58. Allen Burns. 291 pp. $2.75. W. W. Nor- & Unwin. London. the WorId's Sunday School Associa- ton. New York. tion. He attended the Glasgow Con- The Southern Bantu. L. Marquard Christian Faith in a Day of Crisis. and T. G. Standing. 262 pp. 78.6d. vention in 1924, visited Central and Charles S. MacFarland. 226 pp. Oxfoi'd University Press. London. $1.50. Revell. New York. South Mrica in the interests of Sun- Venezuela. Erna Ferguson. 346 pp. day school work in 1934, and was a Essential Christianity. Samuel An- $3.00. Knopf. New York. gus. 226 pp. $2.00. Macmillan. delegate to the recent Madras Confer- New York. Philippine Pagans. The Autobiog- raphies of Three Ifugaos. R. F. ence. Dr. Hopkins' successor in the Honesty. Richard C. Cabot. 326 pp. Barton. lUus. 271 pp. 15s. Rout- $2.50. Macmillan. New York. ' ledge. London. W. S. S. A. has not yet been elected. The Lord Is Calling. Oswald J. The Gospel in the World. A Restate- ••• Smith. 96 pp. 18. Marshall, Mor- ment of Missionary Principles. God- The Rev. C. E. Wilson, for thirty- gan & Scott. London. frey E. Phillips. 252 pp. 58. Duckfour years Secretary of the Baptist worth. London. Our Father. A Missionary Prayer. Missionary Society of London, has re- C. Mallam Johnston. 27 pp. 3d. World Community. William Paton. S. P. G. London. 192 pp. $1.50. Macmillan. New tired after notable service. He was York. for ten years a missionary in India Preaching. The Doctrines of Grace. Compiled by Roland G. Leavell. 150 The Church of the T'ang Dynasty. (1894 to 1904) and later, during his pp. $1.00. Boardman Press. Nash- John Foster. 168 pp. 48. S. P. ville. C. K. London. secretaryship, visited China, Jamaica, Those Gay Middle Ages. Frederick Bantu Heritage. H. P. Junod. lUus. Africa, India and other fields of the Kershner. 233 pp. $2. Willett 155 pp. 308. Hortors (For the society. Mr. Wilson has proved an Clark & Co. New York. Transvaal Chamber of Mines). Jo- hannesburg, South Mrica. able executive and a wise missionary A Testament of Faith. P. G. S. Hop- wood. 215 pp. $2.00. Macmillan. Re-Thinking Christianity in India. statesman. New York. Edited by D. M. Devasahayam and A. N. Sudarisanam. 267 pp. Rs. 2.8. Obituary Notes A. N. Sudarisanam, Madras, India.

(Concluded from Second Cover.) Living the Christian Faith. Edwin Ewart Aubrey. 118 pp. $1.50. Dr. E. H. Rawlings, Business Man- Macmillan. New York. ager and former Editor of World Outlook, died at his home in Nashville, This Busine-ss of Living. L. W. Gren- Tennessee, on March 17. He was the sted. 187 pp. $1.75. Macmillan. senior connectional secretary of the New York. Methodist Episcopal Church, South, and dean of missionary officers. His work for missions was more diversified than that of any other man and he had held many positions connected with the promotion and administration of missions in the Church.

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..

THE LIFE OF GEORGE BOWEN OF BOMBAY By ROBERT E. SPEER The biography of a remarkable missionary whom the (then) Prince of Wales visited in Bombay at the request of his mother, Queen Victoria.

What some readers say of this book: Robert Speer's "Life of George Bowen of Bombay" is one was so far-sighted and so deep-seeing!-the former because of the richest of missionary biographies. the latter. If one wants to sum up the interests of our DR. J. LoVBLL MURRAY, Director of the students today-Biblical, social, theological-Bowen is a Canadian School of Missions, Toronto. representative figure. And what a lesson in apparent failure!

What a life! He was old enough to know why he went, . . . I feel strongly that every student and alumnus of our Seminary needs this book. What better book to lead them to and bad enough to know the meaning of salvation. One by_ feed on the Bible. One hears so much "vestibule religion"- product of his. experience was his wonderful humility-noth- ing in the show window and himself in the remote back- men pointing to the door and taking their people as far as the ground. It is inspiring. threshold, but no opening up of the treasures within the G ' n . . P PI f f .1 r Father's House. Read the topics of current sermons, and .lJA. BORGJ! • BRSON, ormer" 0 Japan. Bowen's expositions are precisely what Christians need in order We must all be grateful for this revealing of the main- to grow from puerility into spiritual maturity. Here is no adolescent, but a man in Christ. This is no volume to be springs of Bowen's character, his abiding faith in God, his eamest purpose to be a true and faithful follower of Jesus read and dismissed, but to be marked and to be turned to Ptrist; and his deep-seated conviction that the Gospel of repeatedly. };!=~:ntS~Of "tJ:io;;o;:~7~ar~. Christ could meet the religious needs of India's people. J WILLIAM HAzEN, The Memoirs of George Bowen will continue to be for Missionary in ShoJapur, India. years to come a searching manual of devotion. He has set t.e.eItn.thbicoegnrtauprhyy. oIf coonueld 0nfotthpeutsatihnetlibeostokfigduorwesn.0 fTthheererui·snea- before me an ideal which few could attain; his life is a scathfascination and a depth in this man's soul which held me in ing rebuke to our ease, comfort, self-indulgence and ineE- devout attention. I found myself marking his moving sayings ficiency. J. Ross STBVENSON, which would serve ,as starting points for chapel talks. He President Emeritus, P,in.eton Semina".

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The Missionary Review of the World — March 1935

MARCH,1935

Two Young Missionary Martyrs Editorial Why I Am Returning to China Beatrice Scott Stevenson Tshekedi……Chief of the Bamangwato A. M. Chirgwin Christianity and the World Today Herbert H. Farmer Twelve Years of the Turkish Republic J. Kingsley Birge Fifty Years of Cooperation in Chosen c. A. Clark 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year

Weigle to study all grades

WINONA LAKE SCHOOL OF THEOLOGY training schools, Bible Schools and WINONA LAKE, INDIANA methods of training voluntary work- ers. -;- ;~ * Evangelical Scholarly Interdenominational Bishop Herbert Welch of Shanghai Courses Almost a score of stutes (besides foreign coun- was one of foul' Methodists to whom English Bible, (J eremiah), Biblical tries) and an equal number of denominations were awarded gold medals by the re- Archffiology, Christian Ethil's, Mod- represented each year, ern Cults, Christian Evidences, cent General Conference of the Korean Hymnology, Biblical Messianism, AdrninistraUol! .' Dr. W. E. BiedlTwolf, Presi- Church. Greek New Testament, Barthian- dent; Dr. J. A. HulTman, Dean. ism, *** Faculty.' Dr. .1. A. Huffman, J )1'. tiamucl ,1. Two Ue'mesters oj 15 days each.. Zwemer, Dr. Harold Paul Sloan. Dr. Leslie Ray The Rt. Rev. Dr. M. T. M. Hard- July 9 to August 11, Work lead- ~Iurstoll, Prof. RoIlin Pease. j )1'. Howard T. ing, Bishop of Qu'Appelle, has been ing to regular Theological Degrees, Kuist, Prof. Mable McQueen Weir. For 11Tin'isfersJ Teachers, JUs8ion- elected Archbishop of the diocese of aries and Laymen, Send for l~-page Pl'osvectu:-; at once to Rupert's Land, and Metropolitan of DR. J. A. HUFFMAN, Dean the province of Rupert's Land. He Marion, Indiana succeeds the late Archbishop Stringer who died October 31.

Dates to Remember Personal Items *** March 1·2-Christian Youth Confer- Dr. John R. Mott, and Mrs. Mott, Rev. Frank P. Parkin, D.D., Secre- ence of Pacific Northwest, Interde- sailed from San Francisco on Febru- nominational, Seattle, Washington. ary 22d to spend a month in Japan tary of the Atlantic Agency of the and Korea, a month in China, and a March B-World Day of Prayer. shorter time in the Philippines. They Pennsylvania Bible Society, has re- expect to be back in America June 5th. signed after 17 years of active service. March B·lO-Youth Conference under The object of this trip is to further the Auspices of the Greater New service of the International Mission- ;~ * * York Federation of Churches, River- ary Council by conferences with the side Church, New York. various National Christian Councils. Dr. Charles E. Maddry, Executive May 2·5 – Young Men's Missionary * * :;:- Secretary of the Foreign Mission Congress under the auspices of the Laymen's Missionary Movement, Dr. Ivan Lee Holt, newly-elected Board of the Southern Baptist Con- Chicago. President of the Fedel'al Council of vention, and Mrs. Maddry, with Dr. Churches, has sailed for China to fill J. B. Weatherspoon, of the Southern May 2l-23-National Council of Fed- a three-weeks' visiting pastorate in erated Church Women. Annual the Community Church of Shanghai. Baptist Theological Seminary of Meeting. Rochester, N. Y. He expects also to visit Australia, and Louisville, Ky., are spending seven Japan. May 26-Rural Life Sunday. months in the Orient to make a de- *** If you use tailed study of Southern Baptist work Dr. Robert P. Wilder, recently sec- in Japan and China. Dr. and Mrs. PRINTING l'etary of the Near East Christian Council, has sailed for England to Maddry plan to return to the United YOU will profit from an ac- spend some months among the British States in July in time to be at Ridge- quaintanceship with us. We University students, holding meetings crest, N. C., for Foreign Mission do the job complete in our own under the auspices of the "Inter-Var- plant, whether it be large or sity Fellowship." Week, August 11-1R. small. * * :i;. * oj; While our specialty is Books, Maga;zines and Pamphlets, yet David R. Porter, who has been act- Archdeacon Briggs of Ugogo, Tan- we have a variety of modern ing-headmaster of Mount Hermon equipment to meet all the re- School, Mount Hermon, Mass" since ganyika, has received the "Order of quirements of your particular the tragic death of Headmaster Elliott the British Empire" award. He has job. You will find our service Speer last September, has been elected prompt, careful and courteous. Headmaster. He was born in Old been working in East Africa for the Town, Maine, in 1882. After gradu- Church Missionary Society for more Will you allow us to estimate ating at Bowdoin he was a Rhodes on your next printing? We be- Scholar at Oxford. Since then he has than forty years. lieve you will be delighted with worked among students as a Y. M. our product, price and service. C. A. secretary. He is the author of * ~; The Church in the Unive1'sities. The EVANGELICAL PRESS Dr. G. O. Teichmann, a Baptist *** missionary and senior doctor of the Printers of Chandraghona Hospital, Bengal, has Dr. Frank C. Laubach, an American The Missionary Review of the World Board missionary in the Philippines, received the Kaiser-i-Hind Gold Med- is returning to America this summer PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE on furlough by way of India, Egypt, al. Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, Po. Syria, Turkey, Spain and Portugal. He is spending three or four months *' in India studying the situation and attempting to help adapt his teaching Dr. A. J. Hunter, who is doing vali- method to the Indian languages. ant work as a medical missionary *** among the homesteaders in the pioneer Dr. Luther A. Weigle, of Yale, has settlements of Manitoba, has been gone to China for six months of in- tensive service in connection with the awarded the M. B. E. medal by King World S. S. Association. The National George V. Committee for Christian Religious Education in China is anxious to have *** made a study of the problems of train- ing for church leaders and has asked Dr. H. J. H. Cox, of the Church Missionary Society, who has charge of the Peshawar, hospital, Northwest Frontier, has received the Kaiser-i- Hind Gold Medal. Mrs. Starr (now Mrs. Underhill) was matron of this hospital when she rescued Miss Mollie Ellis from Afghan brigands. The great grandfather of Dr. Cox was the first white missionary to preach in Bangalore, India.

* * ;(.

Rev. A. C. Pelly, has recently re- turned to England from India where he has been principal of St. Andrew's College, Gorakhpur, since 1916. He has received the Kaiser-i-Hind Gold Medal. * :j: 'i: Dr. Dandeson C. Crowther, Arch- deacon of the Niger Diocese, has re- ceived the "Order of the British Em- (Concluded on page 97.)

MISSIONARY "THE MISSIONARY REVIEW fills a

REVIEW OF THE WORLD need which is not being met by- any other printed page in America. May DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor it continue for many years."

VOL. LVIII MAR., 1935 No.3 AMELIA D. KEMP, Executive Secretary, Women's Publication and Business Office– Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. Missionary Society, United Lutheran Church. Editorial and Executive Office– 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. *** Entered as second-class matter at Plans are being made for the spe- Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under cial mission study topic numbers of Act of March 3, 1879. THE REVIEW for the coming year (1935-36) . The Home Mission topic 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. will be "Winning America for Christ" Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. -to appear in June. The Foreign Published monthly, except August. Mission topic is "The Gospel in Latin All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1935. America"-to appear in October. British agents – Marshall, Morgan and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, DO NOT MISS THEM. London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, 10 shillings a year. *** MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- Our good friend, Dr. Frederick G. LISHING CO., INC. Coan, formerly of Persia, writes as follows to correct a slight misstate- BOARD OF DIRECTORS ment in the story of the Life of Dr. ROBERT E. SPEER, President Sa'eed Khan which appeared in our WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President January issue. Dr. Coan says: ,VALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary "I have known Dr. Sa'eed for many SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT years . . . When he went to Hamadan MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD he was never obliged to work as a stable boy. This is the most menial WM. B. LIPPHAIW position a man can take … Mr. J. W. Hawkes, of the Persia Mission, had a ERIC M. NORmI great deal to do with Dr. Sa'eed after JESSE R. WILSON he reached Hamadan . . . He is the greatest Kurd in history and a very A. L. W AlL'ISHUIS great power for God in Persia today." SAMUEL M. ZWEMER Editorial Chat The annual meeting of THE REVIEW Personal Items SPEEDWAY TO ORIENT was held on F<:!bruary 15th at 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, at 3 p. m. (Concluded from second cover.) YOKOHAMA IN 10 DAYS •. . fastest, shortest Pacific crossing .•. by the Dr. Robert E. Speer presided and pire." He is an African, son of the sister-ships Empress of Asia or there were present a number of first native Anglican Bishop in Afri- Empress of Russia. Or via Honofriends of the REVIEW, including a ca. Although past 90 years of age, he lulu in 3 days more on the Empress quorum of the Directors and Stock- is still an active and enthusiastic holders (in' person or by proxy). The worker. The honorary degree of D.D. of I apan (largest, fastest liner on Treasurer presented his annual re- was conferred on him by the Archport for the year 1934 showing the bishop of Canterbury (Dr. Davidson) the Pacific) or the Empress of operating income $5.00 in excess of fifteen years ago. Canada. expenses, which have been reduced to ~EDUCED ROUND·TRIP FARES … luxa minimum. The Secretary presented *** urious First Class, excellent Tourhis report, revealing some problems ist Class. Also, 10w-costThirdClass. and encouragements met in editing Cannon Pyfrom, Curate in charge FREQUENT SAILINGS ••• from Vanthe REVIEW. An inspiring annual ad- of St. Paul's Church, Bahamas, a na- couver (trains to ship-side) and dress on some world conditions was tive missionary to his own people, has Victoria. Orient fares include pasdelivered by the President; sugges- received the M. B. E. award. sage to and from Seattle. California tions and messages of cheer were sailings connect witlr "Empresses" brought bv Mr. D. J. Fant of the *** at Honolulu. Orient ports-oE-calI: Evangelical Press, Mrs. Charles F. Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, Shang- Wray of Rochester, Dr. Arthur J. Frances Hatton Eva Hasell, Hon- hai, Hong Kong, Manila. Brown, Dr. Courtenay H. Fenn and orary Organizer of Caravan Work in • Also • •• low-cost World Tours. Wm. M. Danner. Miss J. H. Righter Western Canada, was awarded the BOO K LETS, information ••• from presented the report of the Nominat- M. B. E. in ·the .King of England's YOUR OWN AGENT, or any Canaing Committee and the directors were New Year Honours List. A story of dian Pacific office: New York, Chiunanimously re-elected for the ensu- courage and adventure lies behind this cago, San Francisco, and 34 other ing year. Mr. Jesse R. Wilson, Sec- award. Miss Hasell, after doing Sun- cities in tlre United States and retary of the Student Volunteer Move- day School work in England for a Canada. ment was elected a Director in place time, decided to start the Sunday of Dr. Milton Stauffer, resigned. Miss School habit in the remoter parts of Constance Brandon, American Secre- Western Canada. Fifteen years ago tary of "The World Dominion Move- she bought a motor caravan and spent ment," led in the closing prayer. a summer with another woman, trav- eling among the isolated communities. *** Wherever she found children without religious privileges, she held a Sunday Among the recent encouraging School class, and then she persuaded words from readers of THE REVIEW someone in the community to carryon are the following: the work, left books for their guid- ance, and went on to the next place. "I save the REVIEWS for a year to Wherever she went she also enrolled use in our programs and find it one new members of the "Sunday School of the most valuable sources of infor- by Post Movement." mation we have." Now Miss Hasell has 17 caravans, MRS. DANIEL E. MILLER. and each is "manned" by two women Fargo, N. D. (a chauffeur and a teacher). When the road is too bad for driving, they walk or borrow a horse from a farmer.

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courtesy of OMna's Millions. Copyrighted by Keystone Views

HELEN PRISCILLA STAM – "THE MIRACLE BABY" ELIZABETH SCOTT STAM AND JOHN C. STAM, who were killed by Communists in Southern Anhwei, December 8, The three months' old daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John C. Starn was left for 30 hours In an abandoned Chinese house, until 1934. Photograph taken at the time of their marriage, found by Mr. Lo and taken to Wuhu. October 25, 1933.

Copyrighted by tlw Keystone Views 00. HELEN PRISCILLA STAM, CARRIED IN A BASKET FROM. MIAOSHEO TO SHAN CHENG Mr. Lo, a Chinese Christian, with his wife and child, and a Chinese coolie who carried the orphaned baby about 100 miles from Miao- sheo to Wuhu. They traveled on foot for the first 75 miles, and the remainder by railway train. From left to right those in the picture are: Mr. Lo, the Christian colporteur; Charlotte Haia; the coolie, who carried the baskets; Mrs. La; Rev. George Birch, of the C. I. M., and Dr. Robert E. Brown, of the Mission Hospital, Wuhu. Helen Priscilla and Mrs. Lo's four-year-old Chinese baby occupy the two rice baskets. REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVIII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER THREE MARCH,1935 Topics of the Times HOME MISSIONS NOT OUT OF DATE or by a division of territory; to the evangelization of those who have never yet had any adequate op- It requires no argument to prove that the peo- portunity to know Christ and the power of His pIe of the United States owe many and great bless- Gospel- these include many unevangelized Inings to the home mission enterprise which has dians, some Eskimos, the Jews, Mormons and been carried on for three centuries by devoted Orientals; the underprivileged in the Southern Christians. It was they who, as the early settlers, mountains and in other impoverished areas. won the friendship of suspicious and hostile Indians and led many of them to Christ. They The home mission problems before the Church helped to build up and maintain the morale of the today have to do with the evangelization of the pioneers as they pushed into the interior; they godless rich and the unchurched masses in our were instrumental in establishing the schools and cities and rural districts; the more adequate colleges for the training of the youth; they helped Christian training of youth; the rescue of multito make the laws of the land; they established and tudes of boy and girl tramps and the migrant kept alive churches and Sunday schools for re- workers of America; the reaching of criminal ligious instruction, for the worship of God and classes; the more effective presentation of Christ service to man; they welcomed and helped to to atheists, agnostics, and materialists who are assimilate the newcomers from Europe and Asia seeking to destroy Christian institutions and and Mexico. They have been leaders in promoting ideals. The Christ of the New Testament must righteousness and the spirit of brotherhood; they be lifted up in such a way as to draw those who have done an incalculable service in giving the have been following ignorantly a false and caricaolder, more wealthy and established churches tured Christ, or none at all. There is still need an inspiring, unselfish and Christlike objective to evangelize and revivify some of the churches through the home mission enterprise. by the Spirit of God, not by organized human effort. Perhaps the largest and most difficult But with the development of the country the problem before the Church is how to bring indusopportunities and the problems of the work have trial and political activities, social and domestic changed. Today there are not the same vast pio- life, education and the press, under the sway of neering projects in unchurched territory; there Christ and in harmony with His ideals-that is a is not the great need for new independent educa- task that calls for the union of human service tional institutions; multitudes of new and unas- under Divine leadership and power. similated Americans are not now flocking to our shores. But there are still challenging problems But there are in America many reasons for enthat face us today in the task of giving everyone couragement. The signs of God's working are not in America an opportunity to learn of Christ and lacking though our knowledge of them is limited. to apply His teachings to every phase of life. Some Many thousands of churches from coast to coast of these problems and a few of the cheering en- stand true to Christ and are being widely used in couragements were presented in our February winning men and in training and enlisting them number by home mission executives. Other prob- in His service. Most of the Protestant denominalems will occur to many. These relate to the tions report an increase over last year. In every strengthening of existing churches rather than to city Gospel missions, street meetings, prison, home their multiplication; to the elimination of rivalry and hospital visitors-unknown to the world but and duplication by church union and cooperation, known to God-are sacrificially and effectively carrying on the work of Christ. In the midst of [99 ]

the flood of pernicious literature, of indecent films the anti-religious atmosphere of Soviet Russia. and plays, of objectionable radio programs, there Arthur von der Thur, in the Allgemeine Evanare thousands of uplifting, spiritual books and gelisches (Lutheran) Kirchenzeitung reports that radio Gospel messages. The Bible is still by far there is an abating of the denial of God and an the best seller and the Pocket Testament League increase in belief in a Supreme Being. These reand School Bag Gospel League are leading many ports are not based on hearsay of visitors to Russia thousands to accept Christ and read the Bible for but on the statements found in atheistic Russian spiritual light and strength. papers. Several leading anti-religious periodicals have suspended publication for lack of support. It is encouraging that reports of evil deeds are The Bezbozhnik shows evidence of lack of support still regarded as news. Unheralded good deeds, and acknowledges that atheism is not having a normal Christian home life and spiritual activity clear field. in the churches often pass unnoticed because they are not news. There is ample encouragement to The local committee of the Communist party of faith and victory is assured but there are enough the city of Gorky (formerly known as Nizhni Novserious problems to engage all the powers of mind, gorod) and of Molokoff, calls the attention to the body and spirit of the Christian forces in America. necessity of strengthening their anti-religious We must advance on our knees with the realiza- work, not only in the region about Gorky, but in tion that the solution of home mission and other all lands and free states of the U. S. S. R. "The problems depends not on man but on God who success of the first Five Year Plan and the fact condescends to work through man. that the U. S. S. R. has entered the period of an attained socialization, tempts many comrades to RELIGION NOT DEAD IN RUSSIA believe that the anti-religious propaganda has be- come a matter of the third rank. That is a false Christmas was celebrated by large crowds of idea, which in practice leads to an underestimate worshippers in Russia last year, according to a of the fight against religion and to a discharge of correspondent of the New York Times. There is anti-religious propaganda, i. e. to a weakening of plenty of evidence that religion is not dead and the fight against Kulaks and sectarians." will never die in Russia. Some forms of religion may die and the State and individuals may be As to the positive growth of religion, this is without signs of spiritual life. Religion is the noticeable both in the evangelical sects and in the cultivation of a relationship between man and the old Orthodox Church. Christian colporteurs are power of the unseen world, and may be expressed carrying religious literature and their activity in many forms-good and evil. It may be based makes it possible for pastoral letters to reach such either on fancy or on reality. Mankind as a whole of the population as are not in touch with is apparently incurably religious, as history has churches. In many instances priests succeed in beshown. Persecution cannot stifHe religion though coming members of the communistic Kolkhozes materialism may suppress its expression. But and preach and teach within them. Beside the there are so many mysterious phenomena in the anti-religious Kolkhozes there are pure Christian world that men are constantly seeking an explana- collectives. The missionary activity which has tion in the realm of the superhuman. been begun in many places bids fair to become very effective. If religion cannot be annihilated in Russia much less can Christian faith and life be exterminated. Not only do the elders abide by the Christian It may be banned by the State but Christ cannot faith but the younger generation shows a desire be uprooted from hearts where He has already to deny the atheistic views of the leaders. While formed a home. We have His word for that and the Orthodox Church has lost much of its former His Church is immortal. Even the simple unen- influence, the Protestant sects, especially the Baplightened form of Christianity found among the tists and Adventists, are finding a favorable soil. Russian peasants has too much vitality to be They start schools for the illiterate and sewing stamped out by Soviet laws and persecution. courses, they attend to the education of the After seventeen years of communist domination younger generation and enter in where governthe masses of the people refuse to reject what they ment efforts fail. They have started a large numhave learned of Christ as the revelation of God ber of private village schools which are Chrisand His Way of Life. tian and maintain themselves in spite of persecu- tion by tlfe authorities. But there are also thousands of evangelical Christians in Russia whose spiritual life may be The true Church of Christ may· and will pass hidden as in the days of the Maccabees and in the through times of persecution. These will not Dark Ages, but it will not be uprooted. The light destroy but only purify it as a flail separates the may shine in obscurity without being extin- wheat from the chaff. Christians in Russia are guished. Already there are signs of change in suffering and where faith is burning brightly they are experiencing the· way of the Cross-as

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

many can testify. Christians in other lands can life that most deeply interest even serious minded help them with their sympathy and their prayers, folk are revealed by a questionnaire recently sent keeping their own lamps burning and their ma- out by the National Economics League. The an- terial and spiritual resources ready to help when swers show that by far the largest number of opportunity o:ffers. voters are most interested in politics, taxes, mone- tary policies and administration measures; next THE KINGDOM OF GOD AND MONEY in order come how to combat organized crime, the administration of justice, international affairs, Figures have been published that should cause world peace and national defense, economic and industrial problems (including unemployment). Americans to stop and think and seek to change Then follow problems of transportation, public utilities and the conservation and use of national the trend of the times. In 1927-during years of resources; housing, mortgage relief, public health and education. Religion and philanthropy as such unprecedented prosperity – $680,000,000 w ere have no place in this list of subjects most occupy- ing public attention. May not this be the cause spent by the United States Government to prepare of our distress and the reason why the incomes of practically all religious and philanthropic agencies for war with our neighbors, while $833,000,000 have fallen off even more rapidly and extensively than private incomes? Jesus Christ, who knows was used in religious and philanthropic activity. mankind and the laws of the universe, has given us the solution of the problem when He said: In 1933, when depression had gained almost a strangle hold, we increased the amount spent di- rectly on the Army, Navy and air force to $788,- 000,000 (an increase of $100,000,000 or 15%), ro ). while benevolences had shrunk to $550,000,000 (a decrease of nearly $300,000,000 or 60 In the thirty-three years between 1900 and 1933 the Fed- eral Government expenses increased from half a "Seek ye first the Kingdom (the recognition of the billion dollars to five billion a year, or $13,700,000 sovereignty) of God and His righteousness and all a day. War and Navy expenses increased from these things (necessary for our material welfare) about $400,000,000 to over two billion a year-a will be added unto you." fivefold increase; while all gifts to benevolences were not even doubled. The population of the ENCOURAGEMENTS IN THE WEST INDIES country increased fifty per cent in the same pe- riod. Do not Christians need to rededicate to God Mission work in the West Indies has reached a and His service themselves and their possessions stage where the outstanding things to a casual ob- -of which they are only trustees? The need for server may seem commonplace. The national Christian benevolence at home and abroad was leadership is settling down to a more serious never greater. Many wish they had given away understanding of the needs of their own countries.

what they have lost in the past five years! In the unsettled political conditions in Cuba and But the United States is still the richest country under the strain of the present financial depres- in the world-in assets, in average income, in com- sion, the national church has set itself not to be forts and in the average scale of living. Govern- moved by these conditions and to contribute in ment officials now talk in billions of dollars now every possible way toward the stabilization of life.

where they used to ask millions for public appro- Recently a two-day meeting was held in Havana priations. Americans talk poverty and over of the representatives of all evangelical denomina- twenty-five million people are dependent on the tions doing work in Cuba. These men from all Government payrolls—.:either as employees, pen- parts of the island formed a union that seems to sioners or recipients of the dole. Taxes are being mean far more than an organic union. They increased to pay these growing expenses-and the definitely committed themselves to preaching the end is not yet. In the meantime pastors, mission- Gospel of Christ throughout Cuba. This seems to aries and other Christian workers as well as teach- bespeak a new day in the Evangelical cause for ers and other professional workers, trades people, that republic. The national leadership in the clerks and most employees in industry see their Protestant Church is convinced that the only solu- incomes decrease, while taxes and expenses in- tion to the fundamental problems of Cuba is found crease-and there is, humanly speaking, no relief in the Gospel of Christ.

in sight. Consequently gifts to church work, mis- Another encouraging development has been an sions and other benevolences decrease and the organization of Christian students in the Univer- work of God-meaning the work He wishes done sity of Havana. A group of boys has rented a for underprivileged men and women-suffers. house and established a Protestant center. They But there is no lack of money in America, if we are without funds and the accommodations very can judge by the amount spent on amusements, humble, but it is their own and a friend intends theatre, sports, cosmetics, tobacco, strong drink, to help them as much as possible because they are pleasure automobiles, and fiction. The phases of willing to undergo privation for the sake of hold-

ing together those who have similar high ideals on national "Crime Institute" was proposed-a sort faith and daily life. These things are significant of "West Point" training school-where Federal and back in many of the churches from which agents can study the best methods of dealing with these students oome there is reflected a new seri- crime and law-breakers, and where criminal rec- ousness about the development of their work. ords will be available to all.

The days of prosperity are not always the best Third: more strict Federal regulations are days for the Church. needed to govern the sale, possession and use of While there are many reasons for encourage- firearms. Attorney-general Cum min g s also ment in Puerto Rico, unemployment, inadequate called attention to the evil effects of narcotics and schools and general living conditions all help to alcoholic drink, the abuse of parole, the evils of create for the Church an atmosphere that is ex- lax law enforcement and the weakness of present ceedingly difficult. There is, however, consider- forms of criminal procedure. "The whole move- able activity along evangelical lines. For example ment against crime has been too sporadic and in- the Presbyterian mission has been carrying on a effective."

program of tent evangelism in villages which the What have the churches to do with this probgeneral public neve.r visits. After six weeks of lem and how can Christians help in crime preservices the whole town and country round about vention, in law observance, and in the reclamation seem to want to come into the church. Such in- of criminals? stances are duplicated in all the surrounding country. 1. Our whole educational system must recognize Representatives of various mission boards hav- the importance of moral and religious education.

ing work in Puerto Rico are now holding a joint The subject should be wisely emphasized in text- conference on the island to study conditions and books and on the platform; only teachers of high to propose ways for closer cooperation and more moral character and influence should be employed effective work in evangelism, the development of to train youth.

self-support, improvement of the Uniqn Seminary, 2. The Church must unite with all forces ·for the literature program, women's work, and sec- moral betterment to undertake more seriously the ular and religious education. E. A. ODELL. reformation or elimination of extra curricula edu- cational factors – such as the unwholesome mo- THE CURE FOR CRIME AND CRIMINALS tion pictures, demoralizing tabloid press and other pernicious literature. Prof. Thorstan Sellin, of the University of Penn- 3. Must we not give more attention to the moral sylvania, recently stated that there were 1,300,000 major crimes committed in the United States in and religious training of parents – to persuade the year 1933. Only one in four of the perpetra- adults to set a good example to youth-in the obtors of these crimes were ever brought to justice! servance of traffic and other laws, in the adoption of higher moral standards, in abstinence from in- The crime situation has evidently become so toxicants, in discountenancing all forms of gamserious in the United States that Federal and State bling and by the adoption of higher ideals in all Governments, as well as municipalities, are study- forms of amusements. ing ways in which to combat the trend and to make it more dangerous and less profitable to murder, 4. There is also need to return to the Christian steal and betray a trust. The cost of crime in ideals of marriage and the home; to emphasize lives lost, in money, jewels and other property the responsibility of parents for the training of dishonestly acquired, and for law enforcement and children, teaching them the arts of peace rather dealing with criminals, has mounted to an alarm- than glorifying war, and instilling ideals of truth, ing extent. purity and unselfish service.

Recently the Attorney-general of the United 5. The Church and State, working together, can States called together some six hundred Federal, do much more to redeem criminals, to clear slums, State and local officials for a conference in Wash- providing proper housing facilities, and improvington. They finally proposed to state legislatures ing public health and recreation, with better soa program with the following suggestions for combating crime and dealing with criminals. cial and economic conditions. 6. The Church must herself be purified and strengthened to make her more attractive, educa- First: a number of recommendations were tional and influential, both to young and old.. The made looking toward improvements in court pro- real solution of the crime, and of all other moral cedure so as to speed up the course of justice and problems, is after all the regeneration of the indi- to make trials by jury less cumbersome and more vidual. This can only be accomplished through satisfactory. the Spirit of God but Christians are responsible Second: suggestions were made for better co- for proving that Christ does save and give power operation between State and Federal officers. A to overcome evil with good.

Young Martyrs in

The Testimony of Mr. and Mrs. John Stam Who Witnessed to Christ by Their Death at the Hands of Chinese Communists EDITORIAL T HE story of John and Elizabeth Starn is one Mr. Lo, a pastor of the China Inland Mission, was taken of heroic Christian faith and inspiring cour- captive by the communists on their arrival in Miaosheo, age. At the threshold of their missionary but was released when they learned that he had only arservice for Christ in China, these two young mis- rived the day before. He fled to the mountains with most of the townspeople when he learned that two foreigners sionaries were put to death by communists on De- had been killed. He came back to investigate and see if cember 8 about one hundred miles south of Wuhu, he could be of any help. This was a dangerous thing to do. Anwhei. The only reason for the murder seems to He learned that the baby was still alive. The people were have been resentment against all foreigners be- afraid to give information, but finally an old lady pointed cause their governments are siding with the Chi- in the direction of a certain house, where he heard the infant crying and found it after traversing many court- nese against communist activity. The tragic story yards and rooms. It had been left alone without food or care for over twenty-four hours. He took the child out is briefly told by Robert E. Brown, M.D., a mis- and found a Chinese mother who volunteered to nurse the sionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church and baby. He then went to look for the bodies of Mr. and superintendent of the Wuhu General Hospital, Mrs. Starn and found them still lying exposed except for where the Starn baby was born last September. a few handfuls of grass which had been laid over them.

Wuhu is about eighty miles from Tsingteh, the As all local officials had fled to the mountains, Pastor Lo mountain mission station of the China Inland Mis- offered to take charge. sion, where Mr. and Mrs. Starn and their baby were located. Dr. Brown's account, taken from The Chinese pastor found that Mrs. Starn had made pro- vision for the little one to the best of her ability, hoping eyewitnesses, is as follows: * that someone would save it. A ten-dollar bill was found wrapped in a piece of paper among clean napkins between On December 6, 1934, the communists made a surprise the baby's blankets. On the table was an empty tin of attack and entered the town of Tsingteh.. After looting powdered milk, a little sugar, and some crackers. The the place they carried off the Starn family and a number pastor then gathered his own family together and started of Chinese. Early the next day they marched rapidly on a forty miles' journey to Kinhsien, the nearest large fifty li to Miaosheo, and the Starns were left at the post city toward Wuhu. office while the town was being taken. The postmaster offered them fruit and tea and Mr. Starn took advantage Chinese mothers were found ready to nurse the baby of the moment to write a letter which he left with the as they walked the forty miles and so no doubt saved the postmaster. Someone asked Mr. Starn where they were child's life. They arrived in Wuhu, Friday, December 14, being taken and he replied, "Weare going to Heaven." the baby having been in the sole care of Chinese friends for nearly a week. When seen by the members of the The next morning they were led through the streets, and mission hospital staff, the baby was in perfect health and the people of the town who had not fled to the mountains smiled from her little crib, all unconscious of the tragedy were called to witness the execution of the foreigners. It in her life.

is reported that they walked with an appearance of un- A later word from Dr. Charles E. Scott says: shaken courage and calm assurance, probably conscious: of Another walking with them. At·the head of the main "When the Reds forced the people of Miao Sheo street on a hill the communist officer addressed the crowd, to witness the murder of Betty and John, the explaining that the foreigners were hurting China by help- Christian Chinese knelt and pleaded for the lives ing Chiang Kai-shek and the Nanking Government, as of their beloved friends. As a result they were demonstrated by using the people's money to build new themselves led away to torture and death. Even roads throughout the country; therefore they should be non-Christians knelt and pleaded in vain." killed. When they ordered Mr. Starn to kneel down for the knife a number of people, including some non-Chris- The Associated Press has published a dispatch, tians, were daring enough to speak in behalf of the Amer- as from Rev. W. J. Hanna, of the China Inland ican mIssIOnaries. They were rewarded by kicks and Mission, who brought the child from Wuhu to curses. One Christian Chinese fell on his knees before Tsinan to her grandparents, Dr. and Mrs. Scott: the executioner and begged for their lives, finally asking, if they would not spare both, at least to save Mrs. After the execution of Mr. and Mrs. Starn the com- Starn. For his persistence he was accused of being one munist captors were on the point of killing the child to avoid the trouble of taking care of her, but a man who of them and was bound and taken away. We have since had only just been released from the village prison by heard that he was killed. Such Christian courage and Communists, pleaded for the infant's life. loyalty deserves the highest praise. Mr. Starn addressed the crowd. What he said is not known, but it was prob- "Who are you?" a Communist officer asked. "Why do ably a Christian testimony. While he was speaking he you intercede for the baby?" was killed and his wife was then executed. The prisoner replied that he had no connection with "these foreigners," but begged that the baby's life be • Account taken from The Chri••tian Advocate, January 31, 1934. spared and volunteered to forfeit his own life to save the [ 103]

child. He was killed on the spot but the baby was saved. John and Elizabeth Starn were members of the This account was amply authenticated by Chinese wit- China Inland Mi~sion and for academic training, nesses who said that the martyr "gained great heavenly favor" by his act. strength of character and Christlike spirit were among the most promising and attractive mission- This baby girl, Helen Priscilla Starn, was born aries that ever went to China. John Starn was at Wuhu on September 11 just three months be- the son of Rev. Peter Starn, of Paterson, New fore her parents' death. Alinost on the same day Jersey, and was a graduate of Moody Bible Insti- on which the press dispatches reported the cruel tute, Chicago. "Betty" (Elizabeth Alden Scott) tragedy, a letter was received in the New York was born in China and was a graduate of Wilson office of the REVIEW, containing a two-years' sub- College, Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. She was a scription for Mr. and Mrs. Starn. It was sent by gifted and beautiful girl. Her life motto was in- Dr. Charles E. Scott, of Tsinan, Betty Starn's fa- scribed on her photograph: "For to me to live is ther, who wrote at the same time, telling of the Christ and to die is gain" (Philippians 1: 21). In marriage of another daughter, Beatrice, to Dr. the farewell meeting in Philadelphia, before she Theodore Dwight Stevenson, of Princeton, and sailed for China, her last words were: "Whether their sailing for mission work in South China. living or dying, I am the Lord's." Her testimony, , – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – , composed when she made her decision to be a missionary, is as follows: And shall I fear That there is anything That men hold dear Thou wouldst deprive me of, And nothing give in place? That is not so, For I can see Thy face; I hear Thee now: "My child, I died for thee; And, if the gift Of love and life you took from Me, Shall lone precious thing Withhold to all eternity- . One beautiful and bright, One pure and precious thing, withhold- It cannot be."

John Starn, in his farewell message be- fore leaving America for China in 1932, said: God in His infinite grace sometimes virtually pushes us into His way for us, if we are unready to learn in other ways that His will is always good and acceptable and perfect. So He did with me.

I thank God for Christian parents, a Chris- tian grammar school, and a pastor who taught the Word book by book and verse by verse. I thank Him for bringing me to Himself under deep conviction of sin. As a self-righteous young man I needed to see myself as a sinner hope- lessly lost and on his way to an awful hell be- fore I could at all realize my need of the Saviour.

I should have gone right out into active Chris- tian testimony, but to my shame I must write that fear kept me from boldly witnessing for Christ. God in His mercy shook me out of such a condition through a challenge given by my own father. One summer when I asked why our -group hadn't started street work, he 'replied, "Well, why don't you go ahead?" It staggered me-but I went ahead. I had to. God blessed those first half-hearted efforts, ridding me of the fear that old school friends might see me and smile, and filling my heart with joy and bless- By courtesy of "China's Millions," Philadelphin.; photo by John C. Stam. ing in the work. In a few years I found my am- A SCENE J'US'I OUTSIDE ONE OF THE GATES OF TSINGTEH, ANHWEI, bitions to make a success of myself in the busi- THE CITY FROM WHICH MR. AND MRS. J. C. STAM WERE TAKEN TO ness world beg•mnm• g to lose ground, and dl.S- MEET THEIR MARTYRDOM AT THE HANDS OF THE OOMMUNISTS

TWO YOUNG MARTYRS IN CHINA

covered to my own surprise that my chief interest had What could be more glorious? The manner in which they shifted to the work of the Lord. were sent out of this world was a shock to us all, but At the Moody Bible Institute and in its student mis- whatever of suffering they may have endured is now past, sionary activity I was brought face to face with my own and they are both infinitely blessed with the joys of responsibility to heathen millions. The Lord laid China Heaven.

upon my heart, and slowly the conviction deepened that I, It was our desire that he, John, as well as we, should for one, would have no valid reason to give my Lord if I serve the Lord, and if that could be better done by death did not go where the need was so great. God's Word it- than by life, we would have it so. The sacrifice may seem self, prayer, and a study of conditions in China, and my great now, but no sacrifice is too great to make for Him own circumstances soon left no room for doubt that the who gave Himself for us. Lord was assuredly leading. A great volume of prayer was going up for their release It is blessed to know for the future even when we are from their communist captors. We need not feel that these fearful of failing Him, that "He will not suffer his faith- prayers were unanswered. Betty and John were released. fulness to fail." We need your prayers. Pray for us. They were released from the pain and toil of life, and One of the last letters from John Starn to the brought into the presence of the Saviour whom they loved China Inland Mission in Shanghai on December so dearly. 6, shows the caliber of the man and his faith. Weare earnestly praying that it will all be for God's glory and for the salvation of souls. How glad we shall be My wife, baby and myself are today in the hands of if through this dreadful experience many shall be won to communists in the city of Tsingteh. Their demand is the Lord Jesus. How glad we shall be if many dear Chris- twenty thousand dollars for our release. tian young people are inspired to give themselves to the All our possessions and stores are in their hands, but Lord as never before, in a life of sacrifice and service. we praise God for peace in our hearts and a meal tonight. We were honored by having sons and daughters minister God grant you wisdom in what you do, and us fortitude, for our Lord among the heathen, but we are more signally courage, and peace of heart. He is able–and a wonderful honored that two of them have received the martyr's crown.

Friend in such a time. Dr. and Mrs. Charles E. Scott, who have been Things happened so quickly this A. M. They were in the city just a few hours after the ever-persistent rumors missionaries of the Presbyterian Church in China really became alarming, so that we could not prepare to for nearly thirty years, write that Romans 8: 28 leave in time. We were just too late. expresses their abiding conviction. Their only The Lord bless and guide you; and as for us, may God be glorified, whether by life or by death. desire is that the "will of God may be done on In Him, JOHN C. STAM. earth as in Heaven." Dr. Scott has sent us a ,poem which was a favorite of both Betty and The last letter, written in Miaosheo, was given John. It was written by E. H. Hamilton, a misto the postmaster with the request that it be sent sionary and a friend of the Scotts and was inon. Mr. Starn said to the postmaster, "I have no money to pay the postage, but please send this spired by the fact that when bandits asked the Presbyterian missionary, J. W. Vinson, if he were for me." As the mail leaves only once in five afraid, he replied : "No; if you shoot, I go straight days, the postmaster gave the letter to Mr. Lo to to Heaven." His decapitated body was found post at Kinghsien. When he and his wife and later and the incident was told by a little Chinese child set off with the baby for Kinghsien, they girl who was present. took with them the letter which is as follows: Afraid? Of what?

MIAOSHEO, ANHWEI, To feel the spirit's glad release?

December 7, 1934. To pass from pain to perfect peace, CHINA INLAND MISSION. The strife and strain of life to cease?

DEAR BRETHREN: Afraid-of that?

Weare in the hands of the communists here, being Afraid? Of what? Afraid to see the Saviour's face, taken from Tsingteh when they passed through yesterday. To hear His welcome, and to trace The glory gleam from wounds of grace? I tried to persuade them to let my wife and baby go back Afraid-of that? from Tsingteh with a letter to you, but they wouldn't let Afraid? Of what? her, and so we both made the trip to Miaosheo today, my A flash-a crash-a pierced heart; Darkness-light-O Heaven's art! wife traveling part of the way on a horse. A wound of His a counterpart!

They want $20,000 before they will free us, which we Afraid-of that?

have told them we are sure will not be paid. Famine Re- Afraid? Of what? To do by death what life could notlief money, and our personal money and effects are all in Baptize with blood a stony plot, Till souls shall blossom from the spot? their hands. Afraid-of that? God give you wisdom in what to do, and give us grace "Here is a good tonic for timorous Christians; and fortitude. He is able. something to hearten the saints; a challenge to Yours in Him, (Signed) JOHN C. STAM.

The parents of the martyred couple show a like faith and fortitude. The Rev. Peter Starn, of the Door of Hope Mission, Paterson, New Jersey, writes: Our dear children have gone to be with the Lord. They loved Him, they served Him, and now they are with Him.

us to put more spiritual vim into the blood," says With thousands of missionaries living in isolated and Dr. Scott. defenseless stations throughout the whole of China the Betty Scott went out to China, before her mar- problem of ransom is of the greatest importance. If the brigands found that the missionary societies were willing riage, in 1931, and John Starn followed a year to redeem their workers for money, the capture of mislater. They were married in the home of the sionaries would immediately become a lucrative employ- bride's parents in North China and were appointed ment. No one would be safe. The perils of the missionary to the town of Tsingteh, a pioneer mountain sta- community would be immeasurably increased, and the scale tion, where they planned to begin their work of of captures would very soon make ransom impossible. The love and mercy. ransom of a few would imperil many hundreds. There is no deliverance along that road. The only wise way is to A letter (dated January 2, 1935) from the act in such a manner as to cause the brigands to learn that it is not a profitable business for them to take cap- Rev. Howard Van Dyck, of the Christian and tive those who are among them as friends, and not as rep- Missionary Alliance Mission in Wuhu, throws resentatives of wealthy corporations. What may appear some light on the character of Mr. Starn and the hard is in truth the greatest kindness, and some missiontragedy that closed his earthly career. aries, even when in captivity, have asked that no personal We have just returned from a sacred spot which, in sympathy for them should cause their friends to take the days to come, may well be visited by many a Christian false step of payment with worse consequences to follow. pilgrim. It lies at the foot of Wuhu's highest hill, con- In principle all missionary societies are agreed in this trasting sharply with the bare brown slopes, a little matter.

square of living green, a grove of trees and shrubs that The Moody Bible Institute Monthly calls attenmutely testify of tender care. It is the Wuhu Foreign tion to the fact that from the first year of the Cemetery. There today, under leaden skies and in a Christian Church the story of the faithful witness drizzling rain, a solemn group of Chinese and foreigners, gathered around an open double grave and reverently and of disciples of Christ is like a manuscript illumlovingly committed to this quiet resting place the bodies inated with sacred blood. "During the first three of China's latest missionary martys, John Stam and his centuries it is reported that at least 1,000,000 folwife, Elizabeth Alden Stam. lowers of Jesus Christ suffered death at the hands of persecutors. In the forests of pagan Europe, The murder of the Stams reveals dark depths of human depravity. Committed by one of Kiangsi's red armies so loudly praised by foreign admirers of Chinese communism, in India or China, and before the onrush of fanat. this crime is its own commentary upon the nature of that ical Moslem hordes, countless thousands died movement. Led by youths known to possess moder~ rather than deny their Lord. And the story of education, it warns against the fatal folly of filling un- modern missions is another chapter in relentless regenerate wine-skins with the strong wine of economic experimentation. The whole incident demonstrates that persecution. To mark the martyrdoms of only the greatest need of 20th century humanity is the un- the past century on a map of the missionary world changed power of the first century Gospel. with crosses of red would present a picture of startling significance. Not one mission field has That transforming power, a Christian fortitude worthy of Nero's arena, and a remarkable series of divine provi- dences are the high lights standing out against this dark been occupied without the price of the Cross. background. But the blood of the martyrs has ever been the seed of the Church. When the world courts and The roll of martyred missionaries in the China flatters the Church she becomes effeminate and Inland Mission now numbers seventy-four, be- spineless; but the fires of persecution purify and sides thirty missionary children. To this list must produce strength, fidelity and courage. Will the be added the names of hundreds of native Chris- youth of the Church in the homeland feel the thrill tians who have sealed their testimony with their of an hour like this, when challenge and call ring life's blood. so clearly from that ripened harvest field in In regard to the ransoming of captured missionaries, China's Millions says: "The demand for ransom by the captors of Mr. and Mrs. Starn China 1"

did not reach the Mission's headquarters in Shang- The martyrdom of th~se two young missionhai until after their death. The communists who still hold Mr. Bosshardt and Mr. Hayman in cap- aries has created a profound impression in many tivity have demanded an exorbitant ransom in lands. Not only have a multitude of expressions military supplies or in money from the Chinese of sympathy come to the bereaved families and government. In view of the widespread interest to the Mission, and many have offered to adopt in these cases and of a possible misunderstanding Helen Starn, but a number of volunteers have ofof the whole question of paying ransom, some ex- fered to go out to China to take the place of the planation of the position taken by the Mission, martyred missionaries. These offers have come and indeed by the missionary body in general, we not only from the United States but from England cannot do better than to quote part of an editorial and Shanghai. God is able to make this witness note in the December issue of the British edition of His servants, sealed with their blood, abound of China's Millions. to the glory of Christ and blessing to the Chinese.

I Am Returning to

By BEATRICE E. SCOTT STEVENSON, Canton, China A Presbyterian Missionary Mrs. Stevenson, a graduate of Wilson College and of Biblical Seminary, New York, is the daughter of Dr. and Mrs.

Charles Ernest Scott of the American Presbyterian Mission at Tsinan, Shantung Province. She was married last year to Dr. Theodore Dwight Stevenson, a physician, the son of Dr. J. Ross Stevenson, of Princeton Seminary. They will be settled in Canton. Mrs. Stevenson wrote this paper (which is reprinted from The Presbyterian) while she was a student at Biblical Seminary, New York, and before she had become engaged to marry Dr. Stevenson. Her sister, Eliza- beth, and her husband, John Starn, missionaries of the China Inland Mission, were recently murdered by communistic bandits in Anhwei Province. Mrs. Stevenson's article reveals the true missionary call-not merely a philanthropic impulse to serve others. Dr. Charles Scott writes: "It seems as if this article by Beatrice were written under the clear guidance of the Holy Spirit, not only in the general argument but in the very choice of words. There was no thought of the publicity it has gained or the wide usefulness. It has been owned and honored of the Lord-the only article Beatrice has written for publication outside of college magazines. She decided to return to China to lead edu- cated Chinese girls to Christ, and this was in the face of alluring offers to work in America." EDITOR.

PEOPLE have always expected me, as the self wanted more than anything else in life, I saw daughter of missionaries in China, to return then that God expected a good deal more from me there some day-but that is not why I am than a mere complacent endorsement of Chrisplanning to be a foreign missionary. I was born tianity. He wanted a hunger in my heart that in China, and learned from childhood to love the would respond to His will for my life; He wanted East, with its antique culture, its picturesqueness, a personal consciousness of Christ and a burning its calm, happy-go-lucky people – but that is not love for Him which would motivate all my living why I am hoping to return. My own home is over and make me long to "be about my Father's busithere, and the two people I love most in the world ness." And He awakened both in me, by letting -but even that is not what ultimately draws me. me see the selfish, conceited person that was my- For it takes something stronger than home-ties or self, and then showing me by contrast, how altothe spirit of adventure or a sense of duty to make gether lovely is Jesus Christ, and how much better a missionary and keep her on the field. I would qualified than I to run my life. The whole experinever dare set myself up, even as an embryonic ence was a beautiful outreaching of God to me one, if something had not revolutionized my whole that I never deserved and certainly never soliclife first, and given me my first true call to mis- ited-too proud and too blind to see how lonely and groping and dissatisfied I was without Him. sion work. St. Augustine has told my whole story for me, This was a personal experience of the presence of a living Christ in my own life. It came to me, more clearly and beautifully than I could ever quite undesired, shortly after I had reached Amer- hope to do, when he wrote: ica for my college education. I believe I was a Christian before then, but certainly a very nom- And behold Thou wert within, and I abroad; and there inal one, sliding through life on my parents' re- I searched for Thee; . . . Thou wert with me, but I was ligion rather than living in intimate friendship not with Thee. Things held me far from Thee, which, with a .personal Saviour I knew. Yet the experi- unless they were in Thee, were not at all. Thou didst call, ence was not one of my seeking, for there was and shout, and didst burst my deafness. Thou didst flash nothing in the world I thought I needed less. I and shine and didst scatter my blindness. Thou didst was a Christian; I came from a Christian home; breathe odours and I drew in my breath and panted for I had had religious training at home and at school Thee. I tasted, and I hunger and thirst. Thou didst all my life. What more could God ask or want of touch me, and I burned for Thy peace (Confessions 10: me? His answer came, too forcefully to be 27). ignored, in a small Gospel mission in the heart of Chicago. I had gone, chiefly out of curiosity, to My Second Reason In the light of this new experience of Christ, I was able, for the first time, to apply to myself Christ's commandment, "Go ye into all the world."

see how drunken bums "got religion." Suddenly I am willing, of course, to go anywhere He wants I realized that they had what I had never really me to go (if He will only show me the way had, what God wanted me to have, and what I my- clearly); but, naturally, my thoughts swing back [107 ]

with renewed interest to China, my beloved "na- background and knowledge of conditions, if I did tive land," where I have personal acquaintance not cooperate with Him in His great plan for the with the language and the need. That first-hand world, to the best of my ability. knowledge of conditions constitutes, I believe, my second big reason for returning to the foreign Finally, there is a third reason why I am refield. As I look back now at poor, superstitious, turning to the foreign field, and that is-I want war-torn China, I realize that she is not getting something really worthwhile to live for. Like what Christ died to bring her-in spite of what most young people, I want to invest this one life "broad-minded" churchmen today may say. I can of mine as wisely as possible, in the place that see, in the eye of memory, picture after picture yields richest profits to the world and to me. This that was impressed on me as a child walking about may be in China, or in India or Africa, or the with my nurse – a woman weeping loudly at a squalid slums in New York. But, wherever it is, I small grave, without comfort because of the black- want it to be God's choice for me and not my own. ness of death around her child; unwanted girl- There must be no self-interest at all, or I do not babies eaten by dogs on the village commons; a believe God can reveal His will clearly. Certainly procession of idols, with their sightless eyes, car- Paul never saw his vision of the man from Maceried out to view the dry, parched fields; walls donia by looking in his own mirror. I know very and high doorways and crooked alleys, to hinder well that I can never realize the richest, most the ever-present evil spirits in their progress; satisfying life Christ meant for me, if I am not war, disease, hate, fear. China, like so many giving my own life unselfishly for others. Christ countries of the world, is "an infant crying in the said: "He that would find his life shall lose it," dark, with no language but a cry." There is only and He proved the truth of this divine paradox at one solution and that is the Gospel of Christ, Calvary. I want Him to lead, and His Spirit to which (for some strange reason I cannot yet fill me. Then, and only then, will I feel that my fathom), God has left to us – you and me – to life is justifying its existence, and that I am realspread. I would certainly be a quitter, given my izing the maturity in Him that Christ meant for all men, in all parts of the world.

/, THE FIRE OF GOD* A Poem by ELISABETH A. SCOTT, Recently Martyred in Central China Depth And height, All was night. From the mystic holds Of the starry worlds Issued forth the pure white flame Which was called "The Light" by name; And, God being good, the black deep fled From the white fire glowing red-white, red. And the flames grew vast, unfed by fuel above; For the Lord blew gently upon them the breath of love; Till the prophets known to God, whom the Holy One did inspire, Distinguished the form of the Son of God in the flames of fire. Oh, the tongues of the lapping flames about him were scarlet and hard and hot; , But the Son of man with the eyes of God loved the world and faltered not. And the flames of wrath by the will of God have curled themselves into a heap of a cross, Wheref the hate of myself for the love of God was pinning that Figure – Oh, terrible loss To the .will of men! to the pride of men! to lust and conceit, as my sin and the cross are seen! Now the world is cold; but the hearts of men who received the Fire have been burning warm and clean. And, see! on the fringes of earth and heaven, how the flame is a golden wave of tongues that ripples and runs; From the sea of crystal mingled with fire – golden, purple, scarlet, and white – that enfolds the suns.

• Reprinted from The Moody Bible Institute Monthly.

Chief of the

By the REV. A. M. CHIRGWIN, M.A., London, England General Secretary of the London Missionary Society TSHEKEDI'S country is situated between the The Bamangwato, in common with the other Union of South Africa and Northern Rho- Bechuana tribes, are not a conquered people. desia, and is occupied by a scattered popula- They are not British subjects but are a free peotion of cattle-owning people. Like all the Bantu ple, who willingly and by treaty placed themselves they are a friendly, well-mannered folk. Tshe- under the protecting care of Britain. They hold, kedi's own tribe, the Bamangwato, has been more with proper pride, that they have the right to than commonly fortunate in treat direct with the British its recent rulers, and his fa- Sovereign or his Ministers of ther, Chief Khama, was prob- State. The population is ably one of the greatest rulers sparse, being only about one Bantu Africa has yet pro- per square mile, but it is not duced. as sparse as at first sight it Khama was succeeded, after appears. Little villages of a reign of over fifty years, by round mud huts are scattered his eldest son Sekgoma. It over the veld. In the old days was during Sekgoma's Chief- of tribal warfare the African tainship that the present learned the necessity of hid- Prince of Wales vi sit e d ing his home as far as possible Serowe, the capital of the from the eyes of his enemies, Bamangwato, to unveil the and, like the wild t h i n g s tribal Memorial to Khama. around him, he took advan- On Sekgoma's sudden death tage of color protection, build- the hereditary Chieftainship ing his hut with walls of mud fell to his little son Seretse, and roof of grass.

then a child of five or six. A The first time I visited one Regent was necessary, and of these villages it impressed the choice fell on Khama's me as a higgledy-piggledy youngest son Tshekedi, then a place, entirely lacking in any student at a mission school in plan, as though the huts had Cape Colony. grown up as daisies do, any- Bechuanaland is a British how. But I learned later that Protectorate, and makes up, a Bechuana village has a lay- with Basutoland and Swazi- out as clear as that of New land, the three High Commis- TSHEKEDI AND SEMANE York, only different. In the sion territories of Sou t h centre, like the hub of a wheel, Africa. This single area, as large as France and is a large cattle-pen or kraal, where the cattle are Germany put together, is occupied by five Bantu driven at night for safety. Ranged round this tribes, all related and all speaking the same lan- cattle-krall, as it were on the rim of the wheel, are guage, the Bamangwato being by far the largest the huts of the members of one family-group who and most important of them. jointly own the cattle. This ring of huts is the The London Missionary Society, through such unit, and a series of such units makes up a native men as Robert Moffat and David Livingstone, has township.

played a large part in the history of Bechuana- The Bechuana look upon their cattle as their land. It was missionaries of this Society who in- most precious possession and their attitude to troduced Christianity into Bechuanaland over a their cattle has an almost religious quality, point- century ago. ing back, perhaps, to some kind of earlier belief [109 ]

in a mystical connection between the life of the gestions of his advisors in regard to marriage. tribe and the cattle that they own. The Bechuana He determined to marry where he would, and he hoard cattle as a miser hoards gold. dared to seek his wife outside the clearly-defined circles of the tribal aristocracy. Semane, whom But what impressed me most about the people he took as his bride, was not only a young woman of Bechuanaland was their unfailing courtesy. of education and bearing, she was the best Sunday They have a natural dignity of bearing and are school teacher in the tribe. She is today a woman rarely ill-at-ease. I do not recall ever having seen of queenly presence, and carries on still the proj- a single discourteous act, except amongst those ects that were dear to her husband's heart. She who had gone off to the towns and picked up the is a deacon of the Church, a teacher in the Sunday rather casual manners of the European. school, the leader of a large Women's Bible Class, and the president of the Women's Christian Tem- Serowe, the great native town which is the cap- perance Union. In her home and in the Church, ital of the Bamangwato, with its 30,000 people, is she always impressed me by her competence and probably the largest native town in Africa south leadership. She shares with all Bechuana women of the Equator. a love for striking colors. The last time I saw her she was wearing over her shoulders a bright prim- The Chief asked me if I would come to the rose-colored shawl embroidered in orange, and an Kgotla at dawn and preach at the annual "Plough- emerald-green handkerchief knotted round her ing Service" of the tribe. I found some six thou- head. These colors, which no white woman could sand people awaiting me in the Kgotla the next wear, seemed somehow to suit her chocolate skin morning. In the old days it was customary for and royal bearing. the Chief and his sorcerers to arrange for a pagan service just before the people began their plough- Tshekedi was educated at Lovedale, the famous ing. The object of the pagan rites was to secure institution of the Church of Scotland in Cape Colfertility from the spirits of the earth and air. ony, where so many chiefs have been trained. Thereafter the Chief gave the word and the people were free to start ploughing as soon as the Tshekedi's Government rain should fall. Some of the rites were indecent, but at the same time the whole thing was rooted The administration of justice in Bechuanaland, deeply in the tribal life and certain elements were so far as the native people are concerned, remains worth preserving. When Khama became Chief, largely in the hands of the chief and headmen of and the time for ploughing drew near, the head- the tribe, though certain cases go before the men asked him to arrange for the rites as usual, European magistrate. When an offence is reso that the people could begin on their lands. ported, the chief and the headmen gather in the Khama's reply was that if they wanted their rites Kgotla with any adult males of the tribe who are they could have them, he would not interfere; but interested to attend. The accuser and the defendas for himself and the Christians in the tribe, they ant make their statements, the elders of the tribe would have a meeting for prayer in the Kgotla. give their view of the case, often at great length, From that day the "Ploughing Service" has been and then it is open to any man in the assembly to baptized into Christ, retaining the good and drop- speak. The Bechuana are excellent speakers and ping the bad features. Without any disruption of debaters, and make their points in a clear, logical the tribal life the whole course of an old custom way. When the matter has been thoroughly dishad been changed; the pagan rite had been filled cussed, the chief sums up the general sentiment with a Christian content. After the service was of the assembly, and pronounces sentence. He is over Tshekedi rose and gave the word for the thus not an autocrat, but the mouthpiece of his ploughing to begin. The next moment three people. The punishment meted out is generally mighty, long-drawn cheers went up from six thou- either flogging or a fine of two or three oxen. sand throats – "Pula! Pula! Pula!" (literally, "Rain 1 Rain 1 Rain 1"). This Bechuana word for Tshekedi seemed to me to be a hard-working "Hurrah" is significant of the place rain occupies chief who took his duties very seriously. He apin the mind of the people of this dry and thirsty peared to have no relaxations; indeed sometimes land. seems to be too serious and too absorbed for a man of his age. He scorns delights and lives la- Khama, Tshekedi's father, was perhaps the borious days. I found him considerate ·and apgreatest son that Bantu Africa has yet produced, preciative. When an old woman fainted at a a man of strong intellect and stronger character, meeting Tshekedi helped to render first aid and ,who set himself to prepare his people to take their afterwards drove her home in his own car. proper place in the life of the new Africa, and in fact led them a long way along the road from It may be that there are still chiefs in Africa pagan barbarism to Christian civilization. Khama who wear feathers and skins, who live in the was a big enough man to brush aside the sug- midst of either squalid superstition or barbaric

TSHEKEDI, CHIEF OF THE BAMANGWATO

splendor, who are hard-drinking, overbearing, un- For an outside authority, therefore, to remove a tutored polygamists. Tshekedi does not belong to Chief or even to encroach seriously and suddenly their set. He is an educated, quiet-mannered, upon his functions is to deal a blow at the whole competent Christian young man who neither poise and equilibrium of tribal life. To disturb drinks, smokes nor swears. He may not have his the status and functions of a chief is one of the father's stature or commanding presence or surest ways to bring about detribalization, that powerful mind, yet he has courage and persist- worst malady of African life. Tshekedi feels that ence, with, maybe, a touch of obstinacy, combined his main task is the maintenance of his chiefly with unwavering devotion to his tribe. He seemed prerogatives, and he is robbed thereby of the freeto me to be cautiously progressive. He is a dom of mind necessary to think constructively on church-member and a regular worshiper at the the needs of his tribe or to frame a progressive great church his father built, and would certainly policy for them. be a deacon of the church, were it not that both he and the missionaries in Bechuanaland agree The Status of a Bechuana Chief that it is probably not in the best interests of the church or the tribe for a chief to hold office. From the first Tshekedi has taken his duties There are morning and afternoon services every seriously. His guiding principle has been to main- Sunday in the vernacular for the people of the tain the main lines of Khama's policy, and to pretribe in the great Khama church, and whenever serve the prerogatives of the Chieftainship intact the missionary is in Serowe on Sunday evenings and hand them on unimpaired to Seretse when he conducts an English service for Europeans in the latter comes of age. It was to defend the the tiny church which has been built for their use. status of a Bechuana Chief and to prevent the ab- On the Sunday evening when I preached there the sorption of the Bechuanaland Protectorate in the Government doctor played the harmonium, one of Union of South Africa, that Tshekedi came to the traders gave out the notices, and another took England three years ago, and there won many the collection, which, by the way, was on behalf friends by his quiet, courteous, friendly ways and of missionary work. by his courage and competence in standing for the rights of his people. He speaks English fluently, Bechuanaland is a Protectorate, and there is lives in a European type of house, and has a reatherefore a dual authority. The Bechuana are sonable knowledge of English law as well as a ruled both by a European Administration and by thorough understanding of African tribal cusa Native Chief. This situation calls for states- toms. Like most African chiefs he strikes those manship and tact if friction is to be avoided. It who know him well as a trifle secretive, in spite is obvious that with the spread of European cul- of his friendliness of manner. He has not the ture the inevitable tendency is for the Adminis- powerful mind or personality of Khama, and when tration to encroach upon the functions and privi- hard pressed he tends to become obstinate. His leges of the Chief. The powers of the Chief have policy in general is cautious, and is regarded by been considerably reduced since the death of some people as being conservative. He believes Khama, and it looks as though it is intended that profoundly in education, and he himself studied the process shall continue. It is natural that up to the matriculation examination at school. Tshekedi should view the tendency with concern, He maintains at his own expense a school of 700 and that he should offer all the opposition he legit- children in Serowe, and he has spared no pains imately may. He is only the Regent or Acting or money to make it one of the model native Chief, and will therefore be expected, both by his schools of South Africa. He has moreover been nephew, the real Chief, and by the tribe, to hand contemplating for some time starting an instituon the prerogatives and functions of the chieftain- tion of a higher standard for the training of teachship undiminished. ers and for the giving of education of a more ad- vanced character than anything at present pro- But there is something deeper than that in the vided by the Government. Tshekedi is forwarddisquiet with which Tshekedi views the frequent looking, but he is at present engrossed in the infringement of his functions. The Chief in a maintenance of the status and prerogatives of the Bantu tribe is looked upon as something more Chief as against the inevitable encroachments of than a political personage. He is regarded as the European administration. Given a clear and gathering up in himself the whole life of the tribe. acceptable definition of the rights and functions He is a religious symbol of the tribal existence. of the Chieftainship Tshekedi would be free to He has an almost spiritual significance. More- initiate a progressive policy for the Tribe. The over, an African tribe carries subtle nonmaterial Administration would likewise be free to help him elements in its life. It is, in fact, a singularly in its realization. delicate organism, and its balance can be destroyed much more readily than it can be restored. There are one or two elements in the tribal'lif€.

that are not favorable to Tshekedi. Intrigue ing of the women, known as the duduetsa. Then thrives under tribalism. But with the vast ma- an old, old woman of the tribe rose from the jority of his tribe Tshekedi is personally popular ground and went to meet the Chief. She turned and officially respected. The people know that he and preceded him, executing a curious native seeks to maintain their rights as a free people dance. As the Chief reached the front of the under the wing of Britain's protection. They give gathering the great company as one man rose and him their regard and confidence and are making greeted him, with renewed cries of "Pula!" As good progress under his leadership. the cheering died down Semane, the Queen- This was demonstrated in an unmistakable mother, rose from her seat and advanced towards fashion on his return from England. A crowd of her son; she bent her knee,· took his hand and nearly ten thousand men and women gathered in drew it to her lips. In a great stillness Tshekedi, the Kgotla, or place of tribal assembly in Serowe, with tears in his eyes, raised his mother to her and the welcome they gave him demonstrated feet. He had come home; the welcome was com- their loyalty and affection. The great gathering plete.

sat with their eyes turned expectantly towards the Between mother and son there is a perfect shoulder of the hill round which the Chief and his understanding, and as Tshekedi remains unmar- horsemen would appear. It was like watching for ried Semane has many public duties to perform, a king returning from the wars. Presently a but she is none the less friendly and approach- great shout went up as a cloud of dust began to able. Both mother and son are members of the rise and move towards the town. In a few min- Christian Church; both are on friendly terms utes the whole cavalcade galloped round the stock- with the missionaries and other Europeans in ade of the Kgotla, where the Chief dismounted and their town; both are keenly interested in tem- walked slowly up the avenue between his people. perance and in the Boys' Brigade and the Girls'

From thousands of throats rose up the Bechuana. Life Brigade; both are seeking to lift the moral hurrah, or greeting of respect, "Pula! Pula! level of the Tribe and to maintain the best tradi- Pula!" immediately followed by the strange ululu- tions of a free people.

Opportunity-The Way of the Lord By JEAN KENYON MACKENZIE Formeriya Missionary of the Presbyterian Church in West Africa W HO has not wakened in the night to hear ing of the stranger-and all because in a dark a bell strike in the heart-and it is now hour our Lord spoke to us, waking us from sleep, too late to do what we have planned to do, calling us back again into his service. Not as he for we have dallied? called the child Samuel, who must rebuke the faithless with the glitter and dew of his young The child is now grown, the friend is now gone, faith-but as He calls His tried,servant who must the harvest is now passed, the night has now come now bear the heat and burden of the noon and winter seals the door. Across the heart's dark hour. . . . there is a flooding light that reveals with a strange clarity the very path we missed, and we had For this is the Way of the Lord. By much passvowed to take it on a day that passed. ing it is made straight, and those who go there are the caravans of the Future. It is for these jour- How sweet it is then if a friend knocks at the neys that the Head of the caravan has called you door and begs from us three loaves of bread! It again before it is yet day, giving you an hour for is not then we fail to rise and give him. It is not remembrance and repentance before you shall on the morrow of such dark thoughts that we deal arise "renewed to your works, and charity, and stonily with our children, or begin, with our min- service, and faith, and your patience, and your ister, to make delays and excuses. On the morrow works"; and the last-by his mercy-to be more of such a night we are up early to fill the lamps than the first. with oil; we search our purses then for whatever coin may be there; we fill the cup against the com- -From Women and Missions.

and the World To,Day*

By the REV. HERBERT H. FARMER, M.A., -.. ~ Hartford, Connecticut Professor in the Hartford Theological Seminary To ANYONE who believes that God savingly present age is really another way of facing the revealed Himself to mankind in Jesus Christ question what our essential Message is. If we in a final and unique way-and can anything believe that God speaks to the world through the be properly called Christianity which has not that Church we must also believe that He speaks to the belief in one form or another at the heart of it?- Church through the world, challenging it, thrust- Christianity is not more relevant or differently ing it out of its thoughtless and treacherous acqui- relevant to this age than to any other. Its rel- escences in styles of life really alien to Christ and evance is that it is the saving word of God to now receiving God's judgment in the outward mankind and that mankind is confusion and the inward de- mankind. Jesus Christ the same spair of mankind. The subject yesterday, today and for ever, Here is are mar k a b I y of this talk, in fact, could as and mankind, though in a dif- thoughtful paper, read at the well be the relevance of our ferent sense, pretty much the recent Foreign Missions Con- present world for Christianity same yesterday, today and for- ference. Dr. Farmer deals as the relevance of Christianity ever. The point is not unim- with the spiritual as against for our present world. portant, for so soon as we try the material, the eternal as Some years ago an anthroto adj ust our preaching of against the temporal, the di- Christ to the results of our own vine program and power as pologist of international repureflection on its relevance to a against human ideas of social tation, widely travelled, observvast and complex world situa- progress. He shows how the ant, sensitive, cautious in all his tion, the whole work and wit- revelation of God in Christ statements, said in my hearing: ness of the Church is thrown is the only basis of hope for "In my opinion the most iminto the utmost jeopardy. The the rescue and regeneration of portant and disquieting feature men from the inequalities, the of our time is the increasing prime motive of Christian mis- failures and the destruction sense of the futility of life sions must always be the com- caused by the ignorance and which is to be observed in alpelling touch of God upon our sin which are so prevalent in most every section of human own hearts and lives through the world today~ Here is the life." I have thought much Christ, and we should be bound about that statement. One is to obey that compulsion, even Christian philosophy which the more disposed to believe it though the relevance of what underlies the missionary en- true when one can see that there we have to say to the world sit- terprise. God, the loving have been at work in human uation should not at the moment Heavenly Father, has come in life over a long period of years be very apparent. That is to the person of His Son, Jesus certain tendencies of thought Christ, to reveal the value of the individual soul, and to say, our judgment of the rel- make it possible for man to which were bound in the end to evance of Christianity must al- look forward to an eternity produce that sense of futility ways be in a measure a judg- of fellowship with Him. which the observer referred to ment of faith, and not of sight. discerned as deeply underlying Though we must beware of the modern temper.

altering the Message to suit our own superficial In this connection I venture to state categor- judgments as to what the world needs, yet ft may ically two propositions.

happen that certain aspects of the Message are Impor.tance of the Eternal more relevant to some ages than to others and should be proclaimed with special" clarity and The first is that human nature is so made that emphasis and practical endeavor. To ask our- only the awareness of a factor in existence which selves what is the relevance of our Message to the is eternal can give man a sense of permanent meaning and direction and worth-whileness in his en:e;Ot9~5~sed from an address given at the Foreign Missions Confer- life. Without that the sense of futility, though it [113 ]

may be temporarily smothered in the distractions futility. No eternal, no unconditional; no uncon- of business or pleasure, always comes back like a ditional, no meaning; no meaning, nothing in the slow stain spreading from beneath through a end but a hollow sense of futility-that is an un- closely-woven fabric. The hunger for the eternal changeable law of the human heart.

I take to be as certain a fact of man's response to How unchangeable this is is shown by events his world as his hunger for food, though it is not in the world today. I am thinking particularly of so immediately obvious. It arises indeed inevi- the terrific outburst of nationalism tending to tably from the fact that he is self-conscious, and absolute dictatorships and the totalitarian state.

yet at the same time both his own being and all Many causes doubtless have contributed to bring to which he puts his hands are under sentence of these things about, but the deepest one I am con- death and dissolution. vinced is just the hunger of the human soul for an The second proposition is that the living sense absolute, an unconditional to give permanent of the eternal as distinct from armchair philo- meaning and, direction to life. It is pathetic sophical reflections, if it comes to the human soul witness to the emptiness of the human spirit when at all, always comes in the form of an uncondi- it has lost the sense of the vertical, the eternal, tional imperative addressed to the will. By an and merged itself horizontally in the process. It unconditional imperative we mean one which is the nemesis of naturalism. One of two things cla:ims the whole man, one which in principle asks always happens, as Heim has said: either the the surrender of life itself rather than to be diso- process itself gets deified, as in Marxian mate- bedient to it. Just because it is felt to claim life rialism, or one item in the"process, as in the Marx- itself it is felt to transcend life, or rather, what is ian doctrine of the proletariate or the Nazi doc- the same thing, to transcend death, to have the trine concerning the Nordic race. It is all very quality of the eternal. G. K. Chesterton has point- pathetic. Man creates his own pitiful eternal in ed out that whenever men contemplate the total some mythological Nordic race which shall go on giving of themselves they always talk the language forever and conquer all things; his own little tin- of eternity. Leonidas at Thermopylre does not pot deity of a Lenin or a Hitler or a Mussolini; say to his fellow Greeks: "Friends, I think that his own puerile sacraments of swastika banners all things considered Prof. So and So is right when and uplifted arms, and to them he is ready to give he suggests that Greek civilization is preferable himself-ready if need be to die. They are substi- to Persian; therefore I beg to move that we stay tutes for the unconditional eternal. And the here and die fighting." No, he cried, we may sup- strength of these movements is youth, youth pose, with a look up into the sky, "Athens (or which in its relatively unspoiled nature wants Sparta) forever." something to give itself wholly to, and is not able We reach then the familiar proposition that, in to find it. Those therefore who discern in these the long run, men cannot find anything worth liv- modern movements something of the lineaments ing for unless they can find something worth of religion are right. It is substitute religion.

dying for, and they cannot find anything worth The Christian Message dying for unless they can find something which transcends death, something eternal. Whence, What then is the relevance of this to Christian- clearly, the hollow sense of futility which has in- ity? The answer I propose to give is along two fected so much of modern life. For a variety of lines: the first concerns more the content of our reasons modern man has lost the sense of being message, the second more the manner of our wit- related not only, so to say, horizontally to the nat- ness to it.

ural order, but also vertically to something or First concerning the content. I am convinced some one which transcends the natural order and that a very large number of Christian thinkers which alone can make it other than a tale told by and preachers have been deeply infected (without ail idiot signifying nothing. Far more deeply their knowing it) with the prevailing monistic than we have ever realized the modern man has naturalism of this age, and so long as that is so become naturalistic in his whole outlook; he has they will have nothing to say in this present age.

become monistic-that is to say, he has lost the They think of God vaguely as a "life force" run- sense that there are two orders, time and eternity, ning through the processes of nature and history and has tried to live in one only. There is there- and somehow producing what they call values of fore no true unconditional for his will, for his will truth, beauty and goodness. Yet what is that "but is, only part of the ongoing natural process and the horizontal look, the deification of process?

we can all do what we like, seeing that natural They are very hesitant about speaking of God in process makes us like it. Because there is no un- personal terms, as a transcendent will addressing conditional there is no meaning, such is the human the will of man in unconditional demand and ask- heart, but only a growing sense of emptiness and ing for critical decision. How often have I heard

CHRISTIANITY AND THE WORLD TO-DAY

sermons which have not mentioned the word God makes a difference every bit as unmistakable and at all. What is talked about is religion, cultivat- costly as the difference which Communism has ing the spiritual life, integrating the personality wrought in Russia or Hitler in Germany, or Mus- with what is vaguely called life, and being our- solini in Italy, then men will pass it by and go selves as I heard a preacher only last Sunday say, alusting after false gods. I want the young peo- "bits of divinity." Anything approaching the ple of the world to be challenged as absolutely prophetic word, "Thus saith the Lord, the Holy with Christ as they are being challenged by Com- One," to your will asking utter obedience even munism and Fascism, but of what power is the unto death is absent. The same appears in what challenge on the lips of those in whose manner is said about Jesus Christ. There is little sense of of life there is little evidence of the presence of a an absolute, unconditional final approach of the Divine Dictator whose will at any cost is obeyed?

Eternal to the human soul in him. On the contrary Here we touch on something really important; He is looked upon as just a bit of the process, a it is precisely that accusation against Christi- product of evolutionary forces for which we may anity which Communists are continually making, be thankful and which we may as well try to copy; namely, that taken as a whole it has preferred to but He may be superseded at any moment and if establish itself on the comforts of the old order you like Buddhism or Confucius or Karl Marx and has consciously or unconsciously refused to better as the basis of your religion, you are per- make any really cos~ing sacrifices or brave any fectly entitled to adopt one of them and we wont risks for a better way of social life. It is evident worry you with Christ. After all, it is said that that mankind has reached a stage in its history all religions seek the same end; in other words when something radical must be done about life.

they are all part of the one ongoing process. It is surely not without significance that our mod- If that is all a man can genuinely say about ern dictatorships are strongly tinged with social- God and about Christ he must not, on peril of his ism. Communism is the whole thing in an ex- soul, try to force himself to say more. But let treme form, but Nazism and Italian Fascism are such an one remind himself that that sort of thing professedly also attempts to create a juster social is not historic Christianity; if it had been then unity and cooperation. Young German Nazis be- Christianity would long since have disappeared. lieve they are fashioning a new society, and for That sort of thing is pitifully inadequate to the that they are ready to surrender themselves and present situation, being indeed a surrender to make sacrifices.

those very untruths which have produced the A Christian message which is not backed by a present situation. I want a modern Christianity manifest willingness to set right the wrongs of which, without ceasing to be really modern, shall our hideous capitalistic order and to pay the cost recover the sense of God as personal Will, and be of so doing, is irrelevant today.

bold in the preaching of it, shall recover the sense The Dictatorship of Love of God as absolute unconditional demand, which shall really enthrone Jesus Christ as the revela- The witness of the Church on these matters tion of that demand to the sin-darkened spirits of must be distinctively its own, and it is becoming men. I want the Christian Church to set up its increasingly clear what the distinctive Christian Dictator against these other tawdry substitutes witness fundamentally has got to be. It must be which are walking the earth, not in word but in a much more deep-going, uncompromising, costing deed. If we cannot have a Christianity which affirmation of the principles of love, a much more does that we cannot have one which is relevant deep-going, uncompromising, costing manifesta- to the modern world. I want a Christianity that tion of the fact that we stand under the dictator- has emancipated itself from monism and takes ship of love and intend to obey and take all the its stand on the dualism of time and eternity, of risks of obedience. What then do we mean by love?

the divine will demanding, and the human will We mean at lea~t this, an intense passionate sense which must obey. of the value of every individual life because we The Christian Witness see resting on it none other than the eternal love of God with which we dare not and cannot trifle.

This has involved me in the second point, This is intensely relevant to the world situation namely, the manner of our witness to the Chris- today. You have noticed what a shockingly low tian Message. To preach God as Holy Will, save valuation of the individual personality is mani- as our own will is humbled before it, is worthless festing itself. There has always been such in the and pernicious, and never more so than today. world, but today it is peculiarly blatant and un- Unless in actual Christian living there is mani- ashamed, and, curiously enough, it is manifesting fest an austerity of the unconditional Word of itself in connection with the building of what is God, the willingness clearly evidenced that Christ regarded as a new social order. In Germany,

Russia, Italy, Turkey and elsewhere the individual but hardly a.n ideal for man as revealed by the counts for nothing or little, and that not as the God who has shown His face to us in the love of outcome of transient excitement but as a deliber- Christ. The Christian ideal is a fellowship which ately professed theory of human life. The indi- is achieved only as love, that is to say, only as a vidual must be sacrificed ruthlessly to the sup- unity amid the richest individual difference.

posed needs of the whole. This is the theory of Nothing other than that can be the ideal which the the totalitarian state: the state is all, the indi- Christian is seeking to achieve. There is, how- vidual is nothing. ever, one place where it ought to be fully achieved, This seems to be as direct an assault on the and can be fully achieved if we dedicated our- Christian message as anything could well be, for selves to it, namely the Christian Church. The if it is valid then the doctrine of God as love is relevance of the Church today to the world situa- phantastic nonsense. It is indeed inevitable that tion is to show forth a conception of fellowship, we should meet what we are meeting today in this a way of the solution of social problems, which is frightful devaluation of the individual. The based on the keenest awareness of the value of things that have been happening in Germany, every individual in the sight of God. A Church Russia, Italy, are but a violent symptom of some- which reproduces in itself the racial cleavages, thing which is widespread in humanity and is the gross financial inequalities, the caste distinc- very manifest in America, though here it is kept tions, the perverted values which set more store partly in check and driven underground by a on the trappings of the altar and the choir than on stronger tradition of liberty, a liberty which has loving mercy and doing justly and walking in been far too much in the nature of license to flout awed obedience to a Holy Will of love at any cost, the very principles it professed to preserve. in view of the terrific forces which are sweeping This has its roots once again in the loss of the the world today, is an impotent irrelevancy. . . .

sense of the eternal as Holy Will, and the merging I do not see that a Christian message can enter of man in mere ongoing natural process. Never the modern scene with really powerful relevance was there a more pathetic and stupid fallacy than except it is prepared to be frankly eschatological that of humanism which supposes that you can in its outlook, as the New Testament is. By being exalt man by denying God;' in the end man be- eschatological in outlook I mean briefly what comes just an item in process and nothing mote" comes to expression in the epistle to the Hebrews to be treated as such by any tyrant who can win where the writer having exhorted his readers to power and persuade himself that the process is stand firm and absolute in their obedience to for the moment incarnate in himself. If I do not Christ come what may, adds: "for we have not derive my existence from God and my significance here an abiding city but we seek one which is to from His love, then I derive it simply from race, come." This again would be to escape from mon- and race can annul me whenever it wants. The ism into the thought that there is a Divine Will decapitations in Germany and shootings in Russia which, whilst it meets us in history, none the less are perfectly logical. But, mark you, the same transcends history in its ultimate consummation; attitude is to be observed in America, and in the wherefore we can commit ourselves wholly to it in churches. Many Christians take precisely the absolute obedience, no matter what folly it may same attitude to the execution of criminals; they appear to be in the eyes of the world.

feel great satisfaction that society "has been rid God's Concern for Man of such vermin." That is the same attitude at bottom, though in a more restrained form, as What a tremendously significant thing it is that of Goering and Stalin. A less polite name for after all, for you and me to affirm that God is it would be the "swat that fly" attitude. holy, personal, fatherly love, with an individual The Question of Social Reform concern for the personalities of all men and women, and on the basis of that affirmation to The relation of all this to social reform is that call upon one another to walk the way of love, we must take our choice between dedicating our- taking all the tasks, even unto the death of the selves to a Christian idea of social fellowship and cross. What folly it looks on the surface! Sit another idea which is opposed to it. Only we down and read history. The endless procession of must dedicate ourselves to it with the same abso- the generations, millions and millions of individ- lute devotion as the young Nazis. Christian Nazis uals born, suffering, dying; earthquakes, famines, have been surprised when I have pointed out that pestilences, men and women and children wiped a beehive or an ant hill is a perfect social unity, out like flies, Attila and his Huns sweeping across similar to the unity of Russia and Germany and Europe, Ghengis Khan and his bloody massacres, Italy, and doubtless a wonderful work of nature sin spreading a corrupting blight from generation

to generation! Look at the world today, say men it was not necessary to say how; for the moment of the world, and then tell us that God is love, and love was apparently defeated, but what is the ask us to live by love. moment? In His deep awareness of God He knew that in eternity, in the beyond of history, God's What can we say in reply? Only this, that we love was not defeated, that with Him alone was do not claim to understand or to justify the eternal the victory. So with quiet conviction He says: purpose of God in terms of what we can see hap- "hereafter ye shall see the Son of Man, the Crucipening on this narrow, transient stage of time. fied, sitting at the right hand of power, and com- God's purpose is too vast in its scope, too profound ing on the clouds of heaven." Do not let us miss in its meaning, too transcendent in its ultimate the deep meaning of that, because of the imagery glory to be measured by what we can see, or what in which it is expressed. It is the deep assured this world can hold. We have not here an abiding vision of one who sees right through the appearcity, but we seek one to come. Here we "see as in ances of terrestrial events to the transcendent vica glass darkly." If we can live by love and take tory of God. I do ask you to share the vision and all its risks and all its apparent defeats with a to have the peace and the power and the steadfastquiet mind and an unaltered loyalty, it is because ness which that vision alone can bring. Only as we live in the power of a world to come. Thus it we do so shall we be able to stand steadfastly for was with Jesus when He went to the cross. What the way of love in this troubled world; only so utter defeat that was to all outward appearance, shall we be able, if the call comes, to go forth to what triumph of the coarse insolences of worldly Him whom we call Master and Lord, without the power over the weakness of love! Yet Jesus knew camp, to Calvary, bearing His reproach, yet sharthat the victory was not with the crucifiers but ing also His joy. with the Crucified; He could not have said how; THE NEED OF THE HOUR* In the face of a world that is literally sliding towards hell with accelerated speed what shall the righteous do? How can the followers of Jesus Christ bring His spirit and His person to this sin-cursed generation? There is no short way. But the task now faced by the Church can never be done unless it is clearly recognized that there are thousands upon thousands of Christians who are such only in name. They do not believe and have never believed in the way of love even unto the Cross. Only a remnant believes this and upon that remnant God has placed the burden. But God's arm is not shortened in this day any more than it was in the days of Gideon. He can save by many or by few.

But it is not the many or the few that will do the saving. It will be God working through them. The great responsibility now upon these disciples of Christ, who see that this world with all its boasted science and humanitarianism is lost, is to bring Christ into the personal lives and the institutions of men. Only He can take away the lust for possessions and the lust for power which are the basic cause of all tyranny. Only He can give the drive and the courage to fight institutionalized wrong. Only He can give the ethical wisdom to penetrate all the sham and hypocrisy of the social order about us.

"Can ye drink of the cup that I drink of?" asked Jesus. Those early disciples said they could and to their eternal credit they did. But they drank of that cup, and His followers today can drink of it, only if their spirits are continually renewed by waiting upon God. This age is lost unless Christians are raised up who constantly renew their spirits in prayer. Spiritual strength demands spiritual discipline. The task is altogether too great for any man in his own unaided strength. But any man may be a vehicle for the Almighty.

The world can be saved if every Christian who sees the crisis of this civilization will face it with the utter consecration shown by the early Christians as they faced Rome. We know that it is only as we daily and systematically commune with the ever-living God that we can find strength and wisdom for the mighty task before us. To live creatively and triumphantly we must wait upon God. Those who seek the Kingdom will never find it unless they wait upon Him.

• Condensed from The Presbyterian Tribune, New York.

Years of the Turkish Republic*

-ell By the REV. J. KINGSLEY BIRGE, Istanbul, Turkey O N THE 29th of last October the Turkish was natural to leave the affairs of this world, as people celebrated the eleventh anniversary well as the next, to Him. Man's efforts to build of the founding of the Turkish Republic. his own world riot only seemed not worth while, No country has ever made as many revolutionary but even definitely irreligious.

changes in a similar period of time as has this On the other hand, there was the powerful influ- new Republic. ence of the more or less secretly organized dervish, In Turkey at least, the importance of the rela- or religious lodges.. Counting their members by tion of Christian missions to the present world the many thousands, an attitude of reverence for conditions can only be understood in the light of the miraculous powers of the grandmasters of the meaning of these changes. Even the past two these lodges led to a widespread belief in magic months have seen a social development in Turkey and superstition. Admirable as was the devotion of so radical a nature as to make the friend of of many earnest seekers after reality in these Turkey not only feel respect for the leadership lodges, the mental attitude they developed of su- being exercised in that land, but also cherish an perstitious belief in tombs and sacred places, of expectancy that anything may happen there. dependence upon unseen powers of a world of To understand the significance of the recent magic, made them hardly adapted to the social events in Turkey it is necessary to glance into the needs of the twentieth century. Back in the middle more distant past and note the state of affairs of the last century an Ottoman holding high office shortly before this interesting Republic was born. in the state made this remark to a friendly for- For centuries Turkey suffered under an abso- eigner: "Depend upon it, our ministers are laborlute monarch. The dynasty of Osman, beginning ing in vain and civilization will never penetrate with a succession of brilliant rulers, ended its into Turkey so long as the dervish lodges and the absolute sway with the thirty year's reign of tombs (of their holy men) remain standing." t Abdul Hamid. During those thirty years the The point of all these facts is that religion has rights of the people were in every way suppressed. in the minds of many of Turkey's leaders demon- Education was discouraged. Science, particularly strated its social ineffectiveness, even its positively all that was involved in the use of electricity, was harmful influence on human progress. viewed as positively dangerous. Not only the Born into such a world, under the able leader- Christians, but in some respects the Turks, suf- ship of Gazi Mustafa Kemal the Republic of Turfered under the absolutism of Abdul Hamid. key has attempted in the course of less than one When today the Turkish Republic is represented generation to bring about changes which western along with Greece, Bulgaria, Jugoslavia, Rumania Europe and America took centuries to effect. The and Albania in the Balkan Union, Turkey, in imposing array of reforms will perhaps be the common with the other nations feels she has won more impressive if I mention them as they ocher independence from the sway of the old Otto- curred year after year. In 1922 the Sultanate was abolished. man Empire. In those old days the part religion played was In 1923 the Lausanne Treaty was signed grantnot calculated to commend itself to the progres- ing the Turkish people a degree of equality with European nations which had never before been sive leaders of today. On the one hand were the recognized. In October of that year Turkey was teachings of orthodox Sunni Islam. A sublime declared a Republic. conception of one God, breeding a devotion both of belief and worship that is the admiration of the In 1924 two revolutionary changes took plac,e. friendly observer, served also to cultivate a fatal- The medressehs, or Mohammedan religious schools istic attitude toward all life, with a consequent were abolished, and the mekteps or schools mod- stifling of individual initiative. Since God was elled on the schools of the west, took their places. the all-powerful, creating both good and evil, it The Caliphate was also abolished, and the royal family was banished from the country. * An address delivered at the Foreign Missions Conference, Garden t Ubicini: "Letters on Turkey," 1856. I 108, City, New York, January, 19.15.

[ 118] The year 1925 saw three innovations each of a bridge the gulf between the city dweller and the kind to cause a complete revolution in the mental- peasant, an organized social attempt to get the ity of a large majority of the people. The fez, educated interested in the underprivileged man of long identified with their religion, was discarded, the remote village. and men were required by law to wear the headgear of the western world. The tekkes, or dervish In July, 1932, the Society for the Investigation lodges were closed, as were also the tombs which of the Turkish Language was organized, a society had in the past been objects of pious visitation. whose labors for two years are now making them- The calendar and system of keeping time were selves felt in Turkey in one of the greatest literary also changed to conform to the custom of the revolutions any nation has ever seen. European civilization. The fall months of 1934 have brought still more In 1926 complete new legal codes were adopted. reforms. The language has begun to change to a civil code influenced by Swiss laws, a penal code an unbelievable degree, as Arabic and Persian based on the Italian system and a commercial words are cast out and old Turkish words taken code taken from Germany and Italy. In 1926 the in their place. All titles of special respect have first statue in Turkey was unveiled. That began been abolished and a common title "Bay" for Mr. a new era in which the picture for the first time and "Bayan" for Miss or Mrs., have been adopted began to play its part as an influence in school for all, preceding the name, as with similar titles and home. in the west. A recent law has forbidden the wear- ing of clerical dress anywhere except in the place In 1927 the railroad from Ankara to Cesarea of worship, and this last month the constitution was opened, beginning a period of great railroad was amended so as to permit women to share on expansion under government control. Each year absolute equality with men in both voting and has shown progress in the efficiency with which standing for election as members of Parliament. these railroads are run. Two Basic Turkish Ideas In 1928 the constitution was amended to strike out the clause that said that the religion of the Hiding behind this very formidable array of State was Islam. Henceforth in theory, and in- reforms, each with its interesting possibilities, creasingly in practice, a complete separation was are two very basic ideas. One is that if Turkey to exist between religion and the State. In May is to take her place among the leading civilized of 1928 the international numbers were adopted, nations of the world she must somehow or other and in November the incredibly radical move was cast off, not so much the clothes of the past, as made of substituting for immediate use in all pub- the complete mentality of the past. In place of lications of a new phonetic Turkish alphabet the religious mentality of the past with its tendmodelled on the Latin alphabet of the west, and ency toward fatalism and consequent quietism in taking the place of the difficult Arabic alphabet its highest expression, and toward superstition of the previous centuries. and magic in its cruder manifestation, there must be spread abroad the new mentality of the West, In 1929 national schools were opened for adults a belief in natural law and in man's capacity to and the whole nation gave itself to the Herculean shape his own life. task of learning to read in the new Turkish letters. Apparently inconsistent with this almost whole- In 1931 all elementary education was limited sale taking over what they conceived to be the best to Turkish government schools. The law was an of western civilization has been operating all the expression of the belief that education of the time the second great basic force, namely, nationyoung was a primary duty and opportunity of the alism. Itself an importation from the west, na- State. It was also a witness of the great progress tionalism has established itself in Turkey as that had been made in what is perhaps the Turk- strongly as in any country. Peaceable in its forish Republic's most fundamental aim-the edu- eign policy, desiring no aggression toward any cation of all the people. foreign power, Turkey is nevertheless very deter- minedly equipping herself for adequate self-de- In April, 1931, a new law inaugurated the use fense. In her development of a more purely of the international system of measurements by Turkish culture she is turning her eyes to the meters and kilos, although this law was only fully ancient past. Convinced that the earliest civiliapplied in 1934. zations came out of Central Asia, her own home- land, the Turks are being educated to feel that In April, 1931, the People's Party took over the they should be leaders, not so much in war as in full responsibility for operating all over the coun- the civilized ways of peace. . . . try People's Houses, Halk Evleri. The social and recreational needs of the common people were The Turkey which I have tried to sketch briefly thus recognized. One of the encouraging features is the background against which we must try to of these houses was the Department of Village Life, which was organized in them, an attempt to

understand modern Christian missions in this day, is not calculated to make him place the Chris- country. The probability is that the virile leader- tian religion among those useful elements in ship being offered the world today by Turkey will western civilization which he desires.

be followed in many respects by other countries The picture, however, has its brighter side.

as well, especially of the Moslem world. The Foremost is the undoubted fact that Turkish lead- situation in Turkey therefore is of peculiar sig- ers are eagerly studying our civilization to find nificance. every socially useful element in order that they From the missionary point of view there are may import it into their rapidly-awakening land.

two sides to the picture. The dark side shows a . The second factor on the bright side is there only resentment springing from their nationalism if an affirmative answer can be given to a question against every effort by foreigners to influence that strikes at the very heart of our faith: Can their way of living. Any attempt to convert them the religion of Jesus Christ function through mod- tends to defeat that purpose, for it sets people ern missions in such a way as to give expression against what, if left alone, they might have looked to absolutely disinterested goodwill? Is Christi- upon with favor. A second element on the dark anity Christianity only when it is taught by word side is that religion has gained for itself in Tur- of mouth, or is Christianity truly expressive of key a bad name. Mohammedanism has shown Christ's own spirit when, under conditions where itself as a reactionary force, and what the aver- propaganda will defeat its purpose, it seeks to live age Turk has been able to see of Christianity, as in self-forgetting abandonment in service of God's it has worked in Europe and America, not only in children as with very great sincerity they search the Crusades but in the recent World War and in the surface of the earth to find what forces will the social disorders and inj ustices of the present build a better Turkey?

TERSE TRUTHS ABOUT STEWARDSHIP When a man becomes rich, God gains a partner or the man loses his soul. *** Stewardship puts the Golden Rule in business in place of the rule of gold. *** Not how much of my money will I give to God, but how much must I use for myself? * * .* "I will place no value on anything I have except in relation to the Kingdom of Christ." *** The Kingdom of God can never be established by "raising money," but it cannot be ex- tended without sharing money.

*** Give, not from the top of your purse, but from the bottom of your heart.

*** He is no fool who parts with what he cannot keep, and so obtains what he will not lose.

*** The unconsecrated wealth of Christians is the greatest hindrance to the progress of Christ's Church.

*** Jesus teaches that a man's attitude to the Kingdom of God is revealed by his attitude to his property.

*** Diligent earning makes an industrious man; wise spending, a well-furnished man; pro- portionate saving, a prepared man; Christlike giving, a blessed man.

Little children, in a spasm of generosity, often give to those whom they love some posses- sion, and take it back again; or use it without reference to the ownership they had conferred. It is thus that too many Christians act towards Christ. They ask Him to consider all their. possessions as His; but within an hour they spend as if they were as much their own as ever. They determine how much to give to some Christian cause without once asking Him what He desires them to give.-THE REV. F. B. MEYER.

-Sayings from many sources quoted by the Laymen Company, Chicago.

Years of Cooperation in Chosen*

By the REV. C. A. CLARK, Ph.D., D.D., I~- Pyengyang, Chosen ~==============================~, THE last hundred years have been preemi- groups of Methodist missionaries and believers nently years of competition throughout the into one great Korean Methodist Church, the world, in business life, national life and movement which was consummated in 1930; secchurch life. There are undoubtedly many advan- ondly, the growing together from the beginning of tages in competition in stirring men to do their the work of the four Presbyterian missions into very best, and the world is full of good things their one National Church, fully organized in which we would not have obtained except for com- 1907; and the third item, the territorial divisions petition. We have discovered by hard experience, between the two churches consummated in 1909, however, that with men constituted as they are just twenty-six years ago.

and as selfish as they are, unrestrained competi- Those three are the greatest movements. We tion often means the crushing of the weak, and the may add to them the various specific items of taking advantage of accidentally acquired rights union or cooperation in various movements and to deprive others of even their natural rights. Be- institutions. Among those we may mention the cause of these things the world today seems de- following: termined to abolish competition or, at least, to 1. As TO MOVEMENTS: put it under severe restrictions, such that we may get from it its benefits and not have to take its Cooperation in the production and distribution of evils. Literature.

I suppose that there is no place in human ac- The Presbyterian and Methodist Councils. The Federal Council.

tivity where unrestrained competition is more in- The National Council. excusable than between two churches, where each Early movements for making Educational work is equally evangelical in its teaching. We have seen that illustrated all over America to an aston- uniform-the Senate. ishing extent, five or six churches sometimes in Work for Koreans in Japan. Sunday School and other Religious Education work.

a town of less than 1,000 people, or half a dozen Union Medical Association and the Nurses' Assochurches in a city, all with palatial buildings, all ciation.

within a block or so of one another, all half empty II. As TO INSTITUTIONS: and all living at a poor dying rate. Korea has The Chosen Christian College in Seoul. been wonderfully blessed from the beginning in The Union Christian College in Pyengyang. having relatively so little destructive competition The Severance Union Medical College.

of this type. The Ewa College for Women, Seoul. The Union M. E. Theological Seminary in Seoul. When we speak of cooperation in Korea, we The Union Presbyterian Seminary in Pyengyang. necessarily refer to Methodist-Presbyterian coop- The P'ierson Memorial Bible Institute in Seoul.

eration. Other denominations, with one excep- The Christian Literature Society.

tion, did not come into the country during the first Union Hospitals in Seoul and Pyengyang. quarter century of its missionary history. It is a Tai Wha Community Center, Seoul.

matter of deep regret that, when they did come, A. Territorial Division.

none of them were willing to consider territorial To my mind the greatest step ever taken on division or to join the Federal Council or like ac- cooperation lines, as between our two great detivities. It is a matter for great thankfulness, on nominations, was the territorial division of 1909. the other hand, that they did not feel called upon, I do not believe that very many of us here realize except in a few and somewhat recent cases, to what a marvelous thing that has been for all our carryon distinctly competitive activities. work during all of these last twenty-five years. I visited a mission field a year ago where sixty de- As to Methodist-Presbyterian cooperation, the nominations and organizations are at work, with outstanding items for all of the years have been scarcely a vestige of comity or cooperation, and three: first, the gradual combination of the two • From The Korea Mission Field, October, 1934. my heart wept for them. There are over 100 de- [121 ]

nominations in China working with relatively few merely Methodists and Presbyterians that watched comity arrangements. The actual total available their step when they met one another in those force of Christian workers in those countries is early days. I've heard the fathers of our work large enough to quit€ fairly cover their whole tell how, when they were forming their first orfield if all the force were used unitedly and co- ganizations, even Presbyterians looked at Presbyoperatively. As it is, possibly a third or even a terians and Methodists at Methodists to be sure half of the force's vitality is used in duplicate or that something was not being put over on them. competitive activity. What a lot of suspicious folks we are anyway! God has been good, however, and, within our sev- When division of mission territory in Korea eral groups, at least, we have gradually come to was actually signed, we could meet one another trust one another absolutely, and the two groups without automatically putting ourselves mentally have also grown together a long way. in an attitude of self-defence. We could rejoice heartily in every victory of our neighbors across C. Council of Protestant Missions. the dividing lines, for their work and ours were one in the most practical possible way. We speak Dr. H. G. Underwood used to tell how in Janof dividing lines but a better name would be uary, 1886, only a few months after he and the "unifying lines," for real heart' unity became pos- Appenzellers and Scrantons arrived, all of the sible through this division of the field. When I two groups met in a prayer service and asked God am willing to trust my brother with half of the to give them souls that very year for their hire. field and believe that he will evangelize it in as Missionary cooperation in Korea began in the one good or better a way than I could, that is real way which will always be effective, cooperation on unity. If we had tried to force organic union we our knees before the Throne. might have secured an external superficial union, with no real union of hearts. As the work developed, there were many in- stances of cooperation between the two Churches. Many times in the last twenty-five years our As early as 1893, there was a set of Comity Rules Korean brethren on each side of the lines have drawn up as a general guide. In 1905, we form€d wanted to break through. The grass outside the the General Evangelical Council. It looked as pasture always appears to be sweeter than any- though there would be almost at once one single thing inside the fence. We've had very few such union Church in Korea. Our Committees wrote breakings forth and they have always been for us a possible Polity and a suggested Creed. quickly corrected. It is a marvel that we have Then the two Korean Churches were founded and not had a hundred times more breakings through. our hour of opportunity was gone. And yet what possible excuse could any of us have given to our Lord if we had broken through when We've had our Federal Council, however, for everyone of us had within his own boundaries far nearly twenty years and it would be difficult to more than he could ever evangelize within his life over-estimate what it has done for us all. Sometime? times, when we come to this Council, there are not very many live subjects up for debate, and we As these recurrent movements for breaking wonder if it is all worth while. We've already down our division lines have come from time to cut down our voting membership because we time, I have trembled a bit for what might happen thought that it cost too much. If we ever stop some day. A new generation is with us which this Council I believe that it will be a disaster to has nev€r learned the wastefulness and the heart- all our work. We can learn to like people and breaks that go with unrestricted competition in work with them only if we know them. Wholly religious work. I do not think that there is any apart from the many important actions which we greater service that our missionary body can do take here year after year as a body, in relation to our Korean Churches than to teach and reteach, to the Government, or in connection with social to emphasize and reemphasize, what the Lord has or educational or evangelistic movements, the done for Korea on territorial division lines. Only Council pays enormous dividends in making the evil one himself could possibly get an atom, friendships and bringing mutual understandings. of profit from the breaking of those lines. D. The National Council of Churches. E. Organic Union. This Council was our next large venture in co- The second important step that we have taken operation, and it ought to do for our Korean in cooperation was the gradual gathering together friends what the Federal Council has done for us of the two Methodist groups in their Council and and more.' Many of us have not given of ourthen into organic union, and the similar gathering selves enough as yet to make that Council what it of the Presbyterian groups in their Council and ought to be. For the last two or three years, in then in their self-governing Church. It wasn't spite of the many useful actions which that Coun-

1935J FIFTY YEARS OF COOPERATION IN CHOSEN

cil has taken, the groups seem to be growing same time show the benefits of all forms of coop- apart. We need to get into that Council in the eration. Briefly, those benefits as I see them, are spirit of Dr. Underwood's prayer of 1886, and as follows: must do it at once or that Council will fail. 1. There has been a great saving in working E. The Work for Koreans in Japan. force through territorial division. Each Church having but half the field to cover has not needed This work is now being reported to the Na- so many workers and ha~ been able to work its tional Council but it existed long before that field more intensively, with a smaller force.

Council was thought of, and is one of our out- 2. There has been an immense financial saving standing adventures in cooperation, in evangelism. in salaries and buildings and other forms of equip- The work began as a united work in 1912 and has ment.

therefore been running for 22 years. The six 3. There has been an immense increase in effi- Missions in Korea and the two Korean Churches. ciency for every active worker caused by the realong with the Canadian Presbyterian Church's lief from tension which everyone used to feel Mission in Japan and about ten of the Japan Mis- when he had to be on the defensive all the time sions, have cooperated in this work. During this against his brethren. last year three missions have been compelled to withdraw their support and all cooperating 4. There has been a great increase of mutual agencies have diminished their gifts, so we've had confidence and love and we've been able to pray to recall two of our three men there and diminish unreservedly for one another as we could not do the work by 50%. That work could never have before we had the divisions. begun except for cooperation. It would have been a crime to have put two denominational churches 5. Each of our great Churches has been able to there in the early years and to have each of those work out its own unique policies unhindered and ten Japan Missions running small groups of local then each has been able to share with his neigh- Koreans in each of their several neighborhoods. bor the benefits of his free experimentation. By uniting we have built up a strong Church of some fifty congregations, and we have ten pastors 6. Each of our groups has been able to use disthere and a dozen or more other salaried workers. cipline in the work of training the believers, and It is easy in that Church to see the benefits of thereby maintain standards and ideals of conduct cooperation. which would otherwise have been impossible.

7. Each of our groups has been able to develop its own theological standards and to adapt them to this Eastern world without interference.

F. Cooperation in Religious Education. 8. Each group has had the spur of brotherly competition across the line where our activities In the 1925 National Sunday School Conven- have run parallel, and each in his own field could tion it was reported that we had 121,000 enrolled try to excel the victories of his brother without in all the Sunday schools of Korea. In 1929, taking anything from him. 254,000 were reported, a gain of over 100%. In 1933, 369,000 were enrolled, again a gain of over 9. Each group has had the advantage of disin- terested brotherly criticism from across the line 50 %. It is not difficult to see the benefits of co- when he has grown slack in his activities.

operation. These are a few of the great benefits coming Two years ago the subsidy received by the from the sorts of cooperation which we have had in Korea. We should give thanks every day for Korea Sunday School Association from America these blessings which the Lord has given to us. was largely withdrawn, so that each of our denominations has been thrown upon its own resources and we have had to set up denominational Boards tl of our own. For a large part of the work, how- KAGAWA',S WISH, , ever, we stin have cooperation, as to lessons prep- I want to be ever a chHd. . '.' aration, conventions, the Children's Magazine, etc., and we hope that the new arrangement may I want to feel an eternal friendship flf>tthe rainnot imperil the many benefits which we have al- drops, the flowers, the insects~ the. srtowflakes.

ready received. I want to be keenly interested in everything, with mind and muscle ever alert, forgetting my G. Cooperation in Institutions. troubles in the next moment.·, , The benefits of cooperation in colleges and med- The stars and the sea, the ponds and the trees, ical work are too obvious to catalog. I think, however that we can realize especially what the the birds and the animals are my comrades. benefits 'are that have come from territorial division. In indicating those benefits, we at the Though my muscles may stiffen, though my skin may wrinkle, may I never find myself yawning at life. '

and Communism in Japan*

By HELEN TOPPING Secretary to Dr. T oyohiko Kagawa TAST year a granddaughter of the famous attitude, but not fully understanding the Christian L Prince Iwakura was imprisoned on a charge way, she came again to be taught. Dr. Kagawa of communism. After her release she com- told her of a young man, employed in one of the mitted suicide. In happy contrast to this tragedy University Students Cooperatives, who had also is the story of the young woman whom I found been arrested and imprisoned as a communist sus- talking with Dr. Kagawa. She had been waiting pect. He came to report his complete change of since early morning to see him, for a stream of heart and to apologize for having caused Dr.

callers had occupied him. She wished plenty of Kagawa such embarrassment. Many young peo- time, and he intended to give her all she needed. ple go through the same experience. Dr. Kagawa For she had recently been released from more said: "The Christian way is very unpopular with than a year's imprisonment for communism. She the young people because it does not have revolu- was arrested when about half way through her tion in it. But this is the way that all must come course at the Woman's Higher Normal School. As to eventually for real economic reconstruction.

a day pupil, she had been very useful to the com- There is no other way."

munists' organization in carrying communications to and from the school. Even her younger sister, though quite ignorant of what she was carrying, WE ARE MAKING GOD'S NEW WORLDt was expelled from her school because she had a By REV. JAY H. SMITH, Belgaum communist paper in her possession which she had been asked to deliver. The elder sister was also Come forth, ye men of every race and nation! converted to communism through her Normal- We are making God's new world for all the sons of men; Our hearts unite in daring expectation, School sister and was imprisoned for a time, then· For the matchless Lord of Life doth tread this earth again. Behold, He comes as first He came released because of her recantation. The father To write upon the hearts of men in words of living flame is an agriculturalist with a doctor's degree. He His Spirit of Heroic Love, raises dahlias, but the dahlias have not been sell- That one redemptive purpose through this age may move! ing well recently and the family had great hopes of this brilliant daughter when, after graduation, Awake, 0 sons of privilege and power, she could earn a good salary as a teacher. They For the dispossessed of earth to God for justice cry! were making every sacrifice to help her through Let eager hands restore their rightful dower her education. When she plunged them all into Lest the clamour of our greed His Providence deny. The last, the least, the lost are ours; such dire distress, the mother came in tears to Mrs. To their emancipation we devote our ardent powers.

Kagawa who gave her Dr. Kagawa's books to read While they are bound can we be free? and told her to tell the two sisters in prison that The knights of service choose the nobler liberty.

there was a better way of solving social problems We build a world of justice fired with love, than through communism. When the elder sister Where the common good inspires the deep concern of all; was released, Mrs. Kagawa arranged for her to go Where Christly spirits through our markets move, to Dr. Kagawa's Farmers' Gospel School near And all our councils own His Kingdom's sovereign call; Kobe where she helped with serving the meals. A world of truth, a world of good, The girl returned transformed, saying she had A world where beauty's symphony is crowned in brothernever in her life had such a happy time. Now, hood; For this we live, for this we die, through Kagawa's introduction, she is serving at And blending strength with Strength Divine we bring it nigh. the Imperial University Y. M. C. A.

The second sister was not so easily converted. Though lust of power may shake its sinews gory She told Dr. Kagawa that even though her mother We hold ourselves for Thee all loyalties above.

did tell her, while in prison, of the Christian way Though storms of hate may rage in empty glory of saving society, she had been stubborn and not In the splendor of the Dawn we see Thy cross of love. impressed. Since her release, however, she has With healing rays it gleams afar, been attending church, and having personal con- And radiates its deathless hope from star to flaming star. tact with Dr. Kagawa. A change has come in her We march with Thee where martyrs trod, Till all the sons of men become the sons of God.

• From The Kagawa Fellowship Bulletin. t Reprinted from The Baptist MiSSionary Review, India.

[124 ]

Present,Day Problems in Missions*

-..ufll By DELAVAN L. PIERSON llJie– PROBLEMS, difficult problems, are among the teaching and products. But there is one cause . factors that make life worth living. Even for encouragement – we are not content with great disappointments may prove to be God's things as they are, even in America, and we are appointments to point out the way He would have trying with God's help to solve our problems and us go. Every age has its problems, its crises and to better conditions. its critics who think everything is wrong and doomed to failure, unless we follow the critic's Christian missions, in America and overseas, advice. There are today problems in interna- have always· presented an abundance of difficultional affairs and in national life, the youth prob- ties and problems, and never more so than today. lem, crime wave problem, marriage problem, We will consider only a few related to foreign church problem, economic and social problems, work. Home missions have equally important missionary problems. They are a sign of life and problems and difficulties of their own, which are make life interesting. worthy of special study.

Some of our difficulties and failures are due to Fifty years ago there was a recognized crisis in ignorance, some to lack of energy, some to narrow foreign missions. This was due to the fact that views, or the fact that we are too much occupied there were many and great unevangelized fields, with petty, unimportant activities. For the solu- while the forces to occupy them were woefully inion of any great problem we need a clear vision of adequate. At the same time there was prospect God and His will for mankind. We also need a of rich harvests if we could take advantage of comprehensive view of the world-its needs and open doors. The opposition of most non-Chrisopportunities; we need a true conception of the ti,an governments and the hostile attitude of nongoal toward which we are working; and we should Christian religious leaders also called for earnest know how to use the forces available. What a prayer and generous support to overcome the wonderful help it would be if, in the midst of the difficulties. There were few volunteers for forstruggle, we could sometimes detach ourselves and eign service and funds were lacking to carry on view the conflict from the outside to gain perspec- the work. There was great need to arouse the tive and proportion and a right estimate of values! Church at home before it was too late. There were then less than 10,000 Protestant missionaries and In Benares, India, I went through the bazaar the total money given annually to the work abroad with the Rev. J. Chadwick Jackson who has mar- was not more than ten million dollars. That crisis ried an Indian wife and has become as an Indian was met with Christian courage and devotion. to the Indians that he may win them for Christ. The Church was aroused to pray and give and We stopped at a shop to look at some trinkets and send. In answer to prayer and faithful witnessthe Indian shopkeeper recognizing me as a stran- ing new doors opened, hostility decreased, the ger, asked Mr. Jackson (speaking in Urdu which number of volunteers multiplied, the Student Vol- I did not understand) : unteer Movement was organized, and the foreign missionary force more than doubled. Later the "Where does this man come from ?" awakening of the laymen caused gifts to flow into "From America," replied Mr. Jackson. mission treasuries so that the annual receipts in- "Oh, that is hell," said the shopkeeper. creased more than fourfold. New interest was "Why so?" asked my friend, wondering how awakened and spread throughout the Church as clearly the Indian understood conditions in Amer- a result of increased knowledge disseminated ica. through the Ecumenical Conference in 1900. "Well," said the shopkeeper, "they tell us America is down there" (pointing down), "and hell is Today we face a new crisis, and a different also down there, so they must be the same." series of problems in foreign mission work. Some At times we are tempted to think the Indian of these are due to changes at home and others to was not far wrong and we can see why, holding changes on the fi·eld. Let us look at only four or this view, Indians may hesitate to accept our five.

be: t9;~3/ead at the meeting of Philadelphia Presbytery. Novem- 1. There are still unevangelized fields such as the large areas in Central Africa, Central Asia, [125 ]

the interior of South America and the great island particular task. Any talent or training that better of New Guinea. The number of non-Christians fits a man to win others to Christ is desirable.

is greater today than it was fifty years ago, though Others are of doubtful value to a missionary. If the proportion of Christians is larger. But the there is ever a choice between sending out Christ- greatest problem today is how to evangelize the like Spirit-filled evangelists who are not highly un-Christian areas in the life of every nation and trained technically, or sending as missionaries every individual. How are we to bring Christ those who are well equipped mentally and with into control of politics and education, business technical skill, but who lack in spiritual qualifica- and pleasures, social life and the home? Even the tions, we do not hesitate to say that the former Church, in many cases, needs to be evangelized. are far preferable and more effective. In fact the This can only be done through the regeneration latter should not be sent in any case. If a man has of the individual. Godless communism, socialism not experienced the "new birth"; if he has not and other misguided philosophies are today clos- clearly heard the call of God to witness for Him; ing doors that were formerly open to Christian if he has not a true love for the souls of men and evangelists. We need, not less evangelism, but a keen sense of their need for Christ as Saviour more than fifty years ago. New conditions pre- and Lord, then we have no business to send such sent new problems and call for earnest prayer a man, no matter what the need or what his other and sacrificial devotion to the cause of Christ, qualifications. But we occasionally met well-edu- with a clear conviction of men's need for Him. cated missionaries on the field who seemed to feel The Problem of Personnel uninterested in meeting with other missionaries for prayer and some confessed their failure to 2. Linked to this is the problem of how to en- speak to non-Christians about their need for list more adequate missionary forces for the work. Christ as Saviour. In one mission college, an The quality of the personnel is always a most im- earnest Indian Christian was asked about the in- portant factor in any enterprise – commercial, fluence of the missionary teachers in winning stu- business or religious. While the number of work- dents to Christ. He replied: ers is still woefully inadequate for the task, the "The former president did much personal work, greatest problem is to secure young men and for that was his chief aim in life. He made a women spiritually equipped for the work. The practice of speaking to each student at least once Student Volunteer Movement and other agencies' a year, tactfully presenting the claims of Christ.

have rendered remarkable service and yet forty The result was seen in the attitude of the faculty ye~rs' study of this subject, and observations at and in the whole student body. They thought that home and on the field, convince me that undue if this meant so much to the president, whom they emphasis has often been placed on the need for honored for his learning and his loving service, specialized intellectual and vocational training for then it must be very important." The president particular phases of the work and too little em- who succeeded him was very capable but was so phasis on the prime need for spiritual equipment busy with organization, with finances, and with and experience before workers are sent to the field. lectures and surveys and reports, that he had little On the foreign field I met missionaries of over or no time for personal Christian work. The re- twenty-five denominational boards and independ- sults were manifest.

ent societies. One – not a Presbyterian – when Thank God there are many mission colleges like asked about the spiritual results of the work, an- those at Teheran, Persia, and Pyengyang, Korea, swered rather impatiently: "I have nothing to do that still put evangelism and Christian training with that. I'm not an evangelist; I am an edu- first where it belongs, while educational standards cationalist." are not neglected. There are many mission hos- Thank God, I believe this feeling is not general pitals, like that founded by Dr. William Wanless but it is present in some whom the churches at in West India, where the doctor's first interest is ,home have sent out as messengers of Christ. We in the eternal welfare of his patients, while at the believe that a missionary doctor should be a same time he lovingly and skilfully ministers to 'skilled and devoted physician and surgeon, and their physical needs. Would to God that this that a missionary teacher should be as good a could be said of every mission hospital and every teacher as possible for the pupils under his or her educational institution! How to make our institu- care; but the great problem today is to find and tional work truly Christian and at the same 'time send well qualified doctors, nurses, teachers, and effectively evangelistic is one of the present-day social workers who are at the same time and pri- problems.

marily effective evangelists; whose first and high- 3. Another present-day problem is presented in est aim is to win people to Christ by life and per- the development of indigenous churches on the sonal witness, as well as by serving at their own mission fields. Fifty years ago most of these were

PRESENT-DAY PROBLEMS IN MISSIONS

young, feeble and struggling; almost none was tional mission work. There has been a tendency self-supporting or self-governing. Their prob- in the past quarter of a century to build up large lems were problems of infancy and childhood. and more or less elaborate institutions that ap- Today they have grown in numbers, strength and peal to large givers at home and to the governinfluence. Many are independent. But with ments on the field but that sometimes tend to comgrowth have come new problems-,–the problems of promise and are not effective as evangelizing youth. They desire independence but are with- agencies. On our recent world tour, we visited out the experience and training to make that bene- over one hundred and fifty missions of forty difficial. Many of their leaders ask to be supported ferent societies in twenty-eight countries. We by foreign funds but wish to control their own saw some mission institutions built like palaces affairs. With increased membership, factions at great expense-an evidence of faith and genhave asiren to divide the churches. In South India erosity on the part of the founders, but of doubt- -and even in the north-some congregations have ful wisdom from a missionary point of view. perpetuated the Hindu caste system. We were They put American missions in the limelight, and told of one congregation of low caste Christians their equipment compares well in some respects that refused to allow their pastor to serve con- with similar institutions in America but they are verts from the "untouchables." When a request too far above the level of the people they serve was made to allow "outcaste" Christians to use and could not be maintained by them if foreign their church for worship, the caste members set funds are withdrawn. fire to the homes of these outcastes by way of protest. Even in Korea, that banner field, there is When missionaries first went to these nontoday a growing division between the Presby- Christian lands they offered the only opportunities terians of the Northern and Southern Missions. to the people for modern education. Schools were Each desires control. This is not a simple prob- established to teach people to read the Bible and lem and can only be solved when the Spirit and to prepare them for service. Today the national Mind of Christ have full sway. schools and universities are offering high grade secular education and missionary institutions are Correcting Our Mistakes required to meet government standards. In order to do this, and to receive government subsidies, We realize that mistakes have been made in most of the higher educational institutions, and producing and perpetuating on the foreign fields some lower grade mission schools, are obliged to denominational organization, ideals, ritual, and employ a majority of non-Christian teachers, to methods that have their roots, not in the New fill their rolls with non-Christian students, to in- Testament, but in Occidental lands. We recognize crease expense for up-to-date equipment, and the foolishness of having an American-Chinese- even to compromise in their missionary purpose Dutch-Reformed Church and we all cherish the and Christian teaching. Many of these educational ideal of one United Christian Church. Yet union institutions are so largely made up of non-Chrisand even close cooperation – on the field or at tians that they can with difficulty be recognized as home-present their own problems, when efforts missionary projects, though the Christian spirit are made to unite all churches in a given field, the of helpfulness clearly actuates their Christian basis of union sometimes leaves out what many teachers. Some of the short-term workers sent believe to be important elements of our faith- out from America have proved a positive handicap such as the final authority of the Christian Scrip- from a missionary point of view since they are tures; the necessity for the atonement of Christ not primarily actuated by the missionary motive. on the Cross; or the regeneration of the indi- One Chinese Christian wrote home from the vidual. The present-day problem of the church Christian university he was attending: on the field is the problem of maintaining sound, intelligent faith in a harmonious body, with true "Pray for me. This pla,ce is so comfortable that evidence of spiritual life and growth. How.to I am being spoiled for the hardships of Christ's cooperate with other Christians – without com- work in the interior. There is so little prayer here promise-this problem must be solved through that my spiritual life is in danger of being acceptance of the Bible as our standard of faith starved." and practice, with earnest prayer for the guidance of the Holy Spirit, and by faith working through We do not quote this incident as typical but it love. Formal organic union without spiritual illustrates the problem. unity is worse than useless. This is sometimes proved in individual churches and presbyteries at Today the governments of China, Turkey, home. Japan, Persia, Mexico and other lands are threat- ening to take over all educational work, bringing 4. Related to this problem is that of institu- the mission schools and colleges under national control, obliging them to omit religious instruction (certainly in the lower grades), ;:1.nd in some cases

positively requiring them to teach non-Christian 5. How to awaken and maintain missionary in- or anti-Christian ideals and doctrines. In Mexico terest in the home church is another great prob- every building used for education is declared to lem today, as it always has been. Formerly only be government property and the work conducted those Christians most vitally concerned with spir- therein must conform to government standards, itual things, and with the eternal destiny of the which are increasingly anti-Christian. We can human soul, had any interest in foreign mission- see where this will lead when governments are ary work. When missions became more popular, communistic and anti-religious. It is a modern the philanthropic motive was emphasized, many problem. Has not too much money been expended young people responded to the call to go to the and are not too many workers and too much mis- field to train men's minds and save their bodies sionary energy put into large institutions on the without much reference to their souls. The early field. They seem to have absorbed strength that missionaries-like Carey and Morrison, Verbeck should be put into the primary work of making and Livingstone-did not overlook the need for Christ known and in training Christians for His saving the whole man, body, mind and soul, both service among their own people. When a cut in for time and eternity, but to them the soul was the mission budget is necessary, the evangelistic supreme. The change in theological views at home work usually suffers most because the institu- is largely responsible for the change in the main tional work is more complicated and more difficult missionary motive and the lessening of mission- to curtail. ary interest. How can we secure and send out Equipment VS. Life consecrated missionaries, eager to win people to An example of the relation of evangelism to Christ and depending on the leadership and power elaborate institutional programs is illustrated in of the Holy Spirit, when some colleges and even the case of two missions working in the same ter.. seminaries in America teach that regeneration is ritory-one denominational and one independent not necessary, that Jesus is divine only in a larger -and plenty of room for both. A denominational degree than other men, that there was no necesmissionary wished to reach out to evangelize more sity for Christ's atonement for sin, and that after unoccupied territory. His board – which is not all the Bible is a series of human documents, far extravagant – replied that no funds were avail- from an infallible guide; that human judgment able for additional workers and new stations:, must decide on what is true or false. Why should The missionary resigned, joined an independent people at home make sacrifices to go or send if mission on a lower salary and soon went out to the they do not believe in Christ as their Saviour and field with nineteen new missionaries to establish Lord and also that He is the only hope for sufferten new stations. Is there not a temptation to ing and sinning humanity? The Church at home spend too much money to "dig in" for the sake of must be convinced as to the infallibility of the Word of God if we are to have any enthusiasm what we consider permanency? While it is im- about sending out messengers to give the essential portant to establish some strong centers and to Good News to others. How can we expect the men do thorough work, we are too often inclined to of our churches to be interested in missions if they insist that denominational work shall be done on are not fully surrendered Christians and if they too elaborate a scale, sometimes with equipment are not informed Christians. Many of them do and salaries that do not call for enough sacrificial not even hear one missionary address a year and service. Are we not in danger of making the mis- read no missionary books or magazines! They takes of thinking that substantial equipment rep- are simply ignorant on the subject and read more resents permanent and substantial work-both in our churches at home and abroad? The building anti-missionary stuff than tpey read articles that of a new and elaborate church building too often are well-informed. The same is true of the youth. is coincident with a decline in spiritual effective- The communists today, though misguided, set us ness. The one thing most essential for perman- an example of devotion to their cause by their conence and strength in mission work is spiritual vi- viction and passion and self-sacrifice. They study tality. Without that any work is dead; with that, and go out to propagate their views even at the and the guidance and blessing of God, any work, risk of their lives.

however small and poorly equipped, is worthwhile One church in America which, when it was and is sure to succeed. The first Century missions small and- growing and worshiping in a small were conducted with the most primitive organiza- chapel, undertook to support a missionary at a tion and equipment and at a minimum of expense, real sacrifice. Their pastor was a missionary- and yet the results show the power of God and the minded leader. They prayed and studied and gave wisdom of God. The present-day decline in mis- generously. God blessed them. When under a sionary income has, in many cases, proved a real new pastor they built a large church and their spiritual blessing. budget for local expenses increased fivefold, their

missionary ardor cooled and some began to say, the relation of foreign mIssIOnaries to national "we give too much to the heathen, we need to look workers, and problems of how to develop an inafter our heavy expenses at home." The Church digenous Christianity that will be vitally Chrisbecame sick and weak and showed their need for tian in faith, spirit and activity, but unhampered "the missionary diet." If we are not interested by foreign paraphernalia. in saving others we are scarcely worth being saved. There is a church in Cleveland, with a The early Church had its problems and made pastor who has no stated salary and receives about mistakes. Every Epistle of the New Testament, $2,000 a year, but that church supports twelve as well as the Acts and Revelation, deals frankly missionaries and most of the money comes in small with them, but the Apostles of Christ were not gifts from people who are poor in this world's discouraged-neither are we for, like them, we begoods but rich in faith and love and good works. lieve in Jesus Christ as our Lord and Saviour; we believe in the Holy Spirit as our Guide and *** Helper, and we believe that in proportion as we are "steadfast and unmovable, always abounding We might mention many other problems were in the work of the Lord, our labor is not in vain there time. There are the problems of missionary in the Lord." administration, at home and on the field; the problem of how to develop a missionary minded- (The second part of this paper deals with ness in the rising generation; the problem of the "Some Present-Day Encouragements in Foreign relation of missions to governments; problems of Missions." It will appear in our April number.) SOME JAPANESE IDEAS OF CHRISTIANITY In a Japanese magazine, edited by a Japanese Congregational minister of Tokyo, two questions were asked: 1. In what points is Christianity superior to other religions?

2. What is the greatest mission of Christianity to modern Japan?

Here are some of the answers, mostly to the first question: Naoshi Kato, editor of the Kuristikyo Sekai (Christian World) says: "Christianity emphasizes the value and dignity of personality. Religiously, morally, politically and literally, we lack this emphasis."

Professor Keiji Ashida, of Doshisha College: "We lack today a strong religious faith with ethical colors, and a strong idea of personality. Christianity must supply these."

The late Bishop Honda, of the Methodist Church: "The belief in God's fatherhood and man's sonship."

Masanori Oshima (not a Christian), editor of an educational review: "In doctrines, Christianity is not superior to Buddhism. But Christianity is far more ethical and practical than the latter."

The Rev. Seizo Abe, a Congregational preacher: "The unparalleled personality of Jesus Christ."

Professor Tomeri Tanimoto (not a Christian), of the Kyoto University: "The revolutionistic spirit of Christianity, and its emphasis on human personality."

Dr. Eun Mayeda, an eminent Buddhist, and lecturer at the Tokyo Imperial University: "The practical social work of salvation and help. Buddhism is learning this."

The editor sums it all up, the following points of Christianity being looked upon as superior: the transcendent and yet immanent idea of God; the value and dignity of human beings; the highly ethical and social nature of Christianity (morally, especially the purification of motives); the Christ-centric idea. Some more commingling of thought with it may be necessary for us. The future Christianity of Japan will be something different from that of the West, without losing its fundamental character.

*** These Japanese replies are far from complete or satisfying to the Christian who takes the New Testament view of Christianity. None of these Japanese point out the fact that Jesus Christ is the only adequate and true revelation of God and that He offers the only. salvation from sin and the way of life eternal. Through Christ only comes the power to live the life of victory.-EDITOR.

Lepers With a Chinese Doctor*

-4111 By LADY HOSIE IIJ;o- W HEN she lived in India Lady Willingdon en-who respected and looked up to them. One became greatly interested in a Leper Asy- of the men had been a professional acrobat, and lum, which is called by her name. Later on our arrival he gave a display of his prowess, she was interested in a leper hospital that British standing on his head and doing somersaults for missionaries founded in Hankow, China. While our entertainment. The doctors encourage all pos- others went looking round the hospitals and sible muscular activity, as it helps the lepers schools there, we went to visit this Leper Asylum morally and physically. Lady Willingdon, with a with Dr. Duncan Main, its founder and mainstay. kind word, dropped gifts into each leper's hand.

It is one of the few asylums for lepers in China Meanwhile I made the acquaintance of Dr.

and Lady Willingdon wanted to compare it with Wang, Dr. Main's assistant. He was a man of others she had visited in India. The Prince of about thirty, clad in the long grey Chinese schol- Wales said that he might forget the grown-up ar's gown; of no great physique, but with an lepers' misery, but he could never forget the look amazing sweetness and serenity in his quiet eyes.

on the leper children's faces. He is now the Pres- A sort of heavenly candor shone in him, a spir- ident of the Leper Relief Society of the British itual illumination which nobody could mistake. He Empire. told me something of the treatment of leprosy. If I had never seen a leper and my heart failed a leper comes to the hospital before his leprosy me at the thought of visiting them. To her, lepers has been developed seven years, the doctors can were like many other fellow human beings, to be check the disease. The injections will not restore cheered by a little attention from the outside a finger or nose, or bring elasticity back to a world; liking small kindnesses as do other sick solidified joint; but the disease can be arrested- folk, and especially entitled to them considering at least for some years, perhaps longer. There is the awfulness of their affliction. She sent to a hope that the day may come, with research, when Chinese confectioner's for packets of sweet cakes the patient can return to life in the community.

and dainties, wrapped in the gay red paper proper In China, as yet, there has been no law making in China, one packet for each of the seventy lepers. any disease notifiable. Public Health is only be- There are two homes connected with the hos- ginning to be a matter for public attention. We pital, one for men, the other for women, on the in the West have had more scientific doctoring hillside overlooking Hangchow lake, with its boats than the Orient and more understanding of the and white sails and curving parapeted bridges. dangers of infection. When Chinese become lep- Dr. Main thought lepers should have lovely sur,- ers, they usually seek the neighborhood of temples; roundings, even more than other folk. One of the they lie on the temple paths exposing their sores accusations brought against him by the ultra- and misery to move hearts of the compassionate Nationalists was that he, a foreigner, had bought and draw a coin. How else can the leprous father up the best sites round the lake.. They were waste of a household keep his family going? When a land before, and are now being used for hospitals patient came to the hospital on whom the dreadful and convalescent homes and leper asylums. But disease was discovered, Dr. Main had not the Hangchow nowadays is developing into a summer heart to send him away. He determined to grapresort for rich Chinese from Shanghai-and 10, ple with the problem. Hence the asylum. Yet it the lepers have the finest views. is of their own free will that his patients remain The lepers, knowing of our coming, had put on under its roofs. Many of their fellows cannot their clean clothes, and those who could awaited bring themselves to give up lying about the temple us on the veranda. Even among lepers, social precincts: the free life a beggar, though it means distinctions weigh. Two of the women had put on rags and pain and lack of attention, is a more fresh tunics of silk. They came from genteel paying proposition.

homes, and spoke differently from the other wom- Unspeakably bitter must it be to leave wife and child and human intercourse and enter for ever, • Quoted from "The Portrait of a Chinese Lady" by Lady Hosie. confessedly a leper, into a segregated colony. It Published by William Morrow and Son, New York.

[ 130 ] speaks much for Dr. Main's influence that there looked so clean, so wholesome. I put my head were no unscaleable high walls or locked gates to against the bricks and wept.

that asylum and the lepers rarely disobey the ad- The others had gone up the hill, to the Tuber- vice not to go beyond a certain point lest they culosis Sanatorium at the top. Dr. Wang waited bring harm on those outside. It is an appalling beside me, looking at me weeping. I tried to sidelight on Chinese poverty, and Chinese igno- murmur apologies for breaking down. He quietly rance about disease, that poor folk from the peas- stood by and looked at me. Then presently he put antry around have climbed over the asylum wall his hand on my arm. He broke the silence, and and stolen lepers' clothing. this is what he said: "T'a,i T'a,i: only Christ can It was evident that the lepers loved Dr. Main help those poor people. But he does help them." and Dr. Wang. One of the difficult symptoms of I took his hand, English fashion, and from the leprosy is that the moral sense, owing to physical bottom of my heart answered: causes is apt to become perverted. Lepers, for "And you are truly His disciple."

instance, in Africa, are subject to ungovernable He gave a little smile, and we went on to see fits of black rage, which sometimes lead to mur- his tubercular wards. They were not easy to visit der in a leper colony. Yet here were these Hang- for many of the sufferers had come to hospital chow lepers living peaceably together on the far too late.

whole. Ah, but a large proportion of them had I have heard of Dr. Wang. Three months after become Christians! Two were baptized that very our visit his wife died of typhoid, and he was Sunday morning of our visit. left with two children.

We came to a ward where one elderly man, "My poor friend is in sore grief," wrote Dr. with a fellow-leper sitting beside to help him, lay Main who himself retired to England soon after semi-comatose. The footsteps of Dr. Main and this, for he had reached the age of seventy. Lady Willingdon had roused him, and he was raising his head with its sightless eyes an inch from "The lepers came to see us off at the station," his pillow. One glance at his face, and I knew he told me later, "those that could walk the disthat his spirit was loosening its bands. Dr. Wang tance, men and women." Once more they put on stopped and told him, for he was wondering evi- their best clothes, and, keeping in a little band to dently at the footsteps, that some foreign guests themselves, walked through the streets and on to had come to pay a visit and bring gifts. Then Dr. the station platform. The medical school, pastors, Wang looked seriously at me and whispered, school boys and girls, all were there in flocks to "Speak to him. He is dying. Soon nobody will see off this man they loved and his wife whom be able to do anything for him." My heart nearly they loved also, for she had been an equal worker. failed. What could I possibly say? This was beyond speech. But the Chinese doctor kept his "The last people we saw when the train left eyes earnestly on me. That Eastern Christian, so were our lepers," he said. "There they were, wavshort a time a Christian, took it for granted that ing their stumps of arms, the tears running down any woman from the West, with its long tradi- their disfigured faces. Tears ran down my cheeks tion in the Faith, would answer to his call. too. And Dr. Wang was standing by them, look- ing sorrowfully after us." So I steadied my voice, and lifting my head called to the dying leper, with the politeness which When the Nationalists first came to Hangchow, China teaches: they took down the Ten Commandments from the Lord's Table and put up the portrait of Sun Yat "Elder Brother, art thou at peace?" Sen instead. They earmarked the mission hos- pitals for special rigor. They made some attempt And from that frame almost unrecognizable as to keep the Leper Asylum going: but a number human, with an affected tongue and from a lipless of the lepers, fearing them, fled to their homes, mouth, came a voice back to me, cracked yet stead- taking their disease with them. Those who refast: mained wrote sad letters of the treatment which "Yea, at peace, at peace. And I shall soon see they were given.

my Lord." One of the complaints which the lepers in the "The Heavenly Father support thee!" I called asylum made at the oncoming armies was that again. they were forbidden not only to hold services but Unconquerable, wonderful spirit of man-truly to sing hymns. They would quaver away now and a candle lit by the Lord! Exult, oh dust and then, to keep their courage up. "Jesus Christ,"

ashes! said one poster in the streets of Hangchow during I went out with Dr. Wang, clattering down that period, "was born in Palestine, which is some wooden steps. The sun was shining. We under British mandate: and therefore He must came to a gate and a boundary wall. The bricks be a British Imperialist." Another informed the

citizens that Christ and Plato, on whom Western China. The first thinks greatness means possescivilization was built, died two thousand years sions and power, which must be maintained by ago: so what had Western civilization to give to show of military capabilities. The second is char- Modern China? Nay, one poster ran, "Down with acterized by suspicion, of every other nationality, Heaven! It is a dream"-in which case lepers and is susceptible to every imaginary pin-prick: certainly should not be permitted to sing about it. this sort is pervaded by race-consciousness, as the modern parlance has it. The third has discovered And the lepers' second complaint was: "They that the only measure of greatness is the measure have ringed us around with barbed wire!" So of service rendered to the world: that there is they wrote, and wrote again and again as if in no other greatness at all in any nation except that tears. which says, "I am among you as One that serv- eth." Barbed wire! Ah, what it has meant to this generation! Dr. Wang belonged to this last class. It is not so small or select as one might imagine. That Dr. Wang, because he had worked under a mis- barbed wire has been taken down now, and he is sionary society, was a Christian, and remained back with his lepers again, Dr. Wang-the leper steadfast to his foreign friends, nearly lost his doctor of Hangchow. I suppose he has his faults life, and had finally to flee to Shanghai. Yet Dr. and deficiencies, but I did not see them. Wang is a NationaIist. It seems there are three classes of Nationalists· in the world-not only in JAPANESE CHRISTIAN WORK OVERSEAS* The Japanese Government in 1932, reported 760,000 citizens of Japan residing in other countries. Besides 335,685 Japanese in Manchukuo (out of a population of 33,500,000), there were 120,908 in Hawaii, 100,128 in Continental United States, 20,989 in Canada, 5,832 in Mex- ico, and 19,572 in the Philippines. There were 116,647 in the coffee~producing provinces of Brazil, and 20,535 in Peru. In the Straits Settlements there were 6,833, and in the Dutch East Indies, 6,369. In China proper there were 54,965. In most of these countries, except the United States and Canada, there has been a considerable increase since 1932.

The Japanese Christian work for J apariese in foreign countries began about thirty years ago. Though the number of churches in other lands established through the direct efforts of Christians in Japan is small, most of these churches are successful and self-supporting. There have been many Japanese churches established as a result of mission work undertaken by Christians in the United States and Canada, (87 in Continental United States, 30 in Hawaii, and 12 in Canada). Churches established by the Japanese Christians for the benefit of their nationals overseas include the following: In Korea, 59 Japanese churches; in Manchukuo, 32; in Formosa, 34. The first church organized by the churches of Japan for Japanese abroad was in Tientsin, China, in 1903. At present Japanese Congregationalists are carrying on work in Tsingtau, China, Peiping and Shanghai. Rev. M. Furuya, long pastor of a Japanese church in Los Angeles, is the pastor of the Shanghai church. The Japanese churches in China have been almost self-supporting from the beginning. There is also a Japanese church in Hong- kong and one in Singapore.

More than 120,000 Japanese had emigrated to Brazil before the Brazilian Government stopped the rapid inflow of Oriental settlers. One church has been organized in Sao Paolo, with two ministers for that compact Japanese community. The twenty thousand Japanese in Peru have only one lay Christian worker and his wife.

The. newest and most successful work of the Christian churches in Japan for their nation- als oVer&eas is in the Philippines. It is about three years since a Japanese evangelist began work at Davao. In a year and a half he had baptized sixty persons and built a church.

Apparently the only Japanese work among non-Japanese which has been very success- ful has been that in the mandated South Sea Islands, where the Japanese Congregationalists have been carrying on the work formerly under the American Board and a German mission ever since 1919. Within the boundaries of Ponape, a former American Board field, there are 13 native evangelists, 2,100 Christians and 9 congregations. In the Summer Islands of Truk there are 18 native evangelists, 3,392 Christians and 19 congregations. In the Autumn Is- lands of Truk there are 7 evangelists, 1,248 Christians and 7 congregations.

In the effort to extend the Christian work among Japanese overseas, the Christians in Japan have recently organized a Mission Board for Overseas Work.

• Condensed from an article in the Japanese Christian Year Book, 1933, by Rev. M. Kohayashi, formerly executive secretary of the Japanese Interdenominational Evangelistic Association on the Pacific C(}ast.->George W. Hinman.

A Witness for Christ in

A letter from A. MAIR, Chinkiang, Kiangsu Missionary of the China Inland Mission, 1907- My FRIEND, Hsieh Meng Tseh, is unique. strenuously resisted the invitation, but on learn- I have never met another man exactly like ing that no foreigner would be preaching but only him, nor has anyone else. To know him one of his fellow countrymen he reluctantly is a tonic. Meeting him casually one might fail agreed to go. The Chinese evangelist who spoke to find anything specially striking about his per- to the handful of people little realized that the sonality; but listen to him, watch his face as he seed sown that day would, in the coming years, speaks of the faith that is in him, and you realize result in a rich harvest in every part of China.

that you are in the presence of a man of extraor- "God is love," was Mr. Hu's text and message. It dinary force of character – a man of God. If was an absolutely new idea to Hsieh. Was it there has been any attempt to standardize Mr. possible that God could love human beings? He Hsieh, he certainly will have had a quiet chuckle had read of a Supreme Being in the writings of over it. He is a man with a single purpose-to the sages, but somehow they seemed to know little witness for Christ among his own people and win about Him, and never was He represented as a them to the life which he has proved to be life God of love. Here was light indeed-a conception indeed. that invested life with new meaning! He was His call to this ministry reminds us that God's gripped as he had never been during the course ways are totally different from man's ways. "God of his thirty years.

hath chosen the weak things of the world to con- Many a talk had Hsieh with the evangelist dur- found the things which are mighty; and base ~ng the following days and countless were the things of the world and things which are despised questions he had to ask. There was one matter hath God chosen, yea, and things which are not of vital import which puzzled him and seemed al- to bring to nought things which are." Until he together beyond his understanding. Why was it reached the age of thirty Mr. Hsieh was without necessary for God to send His only Son to this hope and without God. Life to him had always world to suffer such a cruel death on the Cross?

been a serious matter, yet somehow it seemed The evangelist insisted that this was the supreme wholly without aim or meaning. There was some- demonstration of God's love to mankind, but Hsieh thing lacking, and although this seeker after could not fathom the meaning of such a statement.

truth yearned for a revelation somehow beyond "For a whole year," he said, "I pondered the his ken he seemed to get nowhere. meaning of the Cross but seemed to get nowhere.

Ho-Yueh-Chow, a small island town situated on Then one evening God revealed His Son to me.

the Yang-Tsi River, was the place where our I have no explanation as to what happened; I friend first heard the Gospel. He was a money- simply state the facts. In a flash, as it seemed to lender, and his profession brought him into con- me, my room was flooded with light and before tact with all sorts and conditions of people. He me a Cross was upraised, and upon that Cross was heard in a vague sort of way of a strange religion the Son of God. With eyes of love He looked at which foreigners were seeking to propagate me and said, 'I suffered this for you.' When I throughout his native land and, while resenting came to myself I found my face wet with tears; such a palpably foolish proceeding, felt that it and from that hour I have never had the shadow did not concern him in any way. But who could of a doubt as to the necessity of Christ's atoning dream that the foreigners were to come to Ho- death on Calvary for my redemption and the re- Yueh-Chow from Anking, secure a house, and demption of every sinner."

preach every day to crowds of people? Strangest Shortly after this striking revelation which of all, there were folk belonging to the place who changed the current of his life and made him a seemed willing to stake everything on the truth of man with a message and a mission, Mr. Hsieh re- this new religion, and found a positive joy in do- moved to Anking, the provincial capital of Anh- ing so! What did it all mean? wei. His testimony was already proving effec- One day an enquirer asked Mr. Hsieh to ac- tive, for both his wife and mother had become company him to the Gospel Hall. At first he believers in Christ. What he would do in Anking [133 ]

had not yet been decided, but it was clear to him in that wonderful school of faith and service. In that God had a plan for his life, and that resi- Mr. and Mrs. Westwood, Hsieh found understand- dence in Anking formed a necessary part of it. ing friends, and was greatly helped by their kindly He rented a house near the mission compound so encouragement.

that he might have constant opportunities of fel- A Man of the Book lowship and service. But what a cramped, dilapi- dated-looking building was that first home of his! The Scriptures have meant more to Hsieh than Yet he and his were as pleased as if it had been a pen can describe. He has always been a man of palace! A joy unspeakably sweet had come to one Book; and his methods of study have been abide with them and life had become wonderful. peculiarly his own. Commentaries or "helps"

Then came a real testing of faith. Hsieh had con- have never appealed to him. Others might use served as far as possible the money brought from them, but he left them severely alone. "Would it Ho-Yueh-Chow, but it gradually dwindled away not be wise," he was asked on one occasion, "to until little or nothing was left. Although the know what interpretation the commentaries New Year was at hand-China's time of feasting give?" "I like to make my own commentary,"

-this family, for a number of weeks, lived on was the characteristic reply. His method was what was practically pig's food. He spread the simply that of meditation and prayer. He be- needs of himself and his family before the Lord, came steeped in the Scriptures; six or seven and believed that provision would be forthcoming hours of study was his daily routine. His medi- in the right way and at the appropriate time. At tations in the Word of God were to him a matter New Year the Chinese, according to long-estab- of life and death. He believed that God was in lished custom, paste on their doors strips of red need of men with an experimental knowledge of paper bearing suitable mottoes or quotations for Himself through the Word so that they could be the year they have entered. Hsieh expended part ready for anything. The pages of his Bible were of his remaining coppers on red paper, and the covered with notes-the results of his prayerful words written on his cracked and battered door meditation. He was greatly helped by Evangelist were singularly significant – "The House of a Tong, his closest and most understanding friend.

truly rich man." He was able to testify later how He was a man of prayer and, in a rare degree, wonderfully the Lord provided for him during versed in "the deep things of God." The Word of that testing period. God was Tong's very life, and those of us who Soon he was taking part in street chapel work, knew him were keenly conscious of this fact. Un- and here his genius in attracting and influencing like his friend Hsieh, he was always on the out- individuals was early perceived. He was genu- look for books and tracts, written by men of spir- inely interested in people, and those with whom itual insight and experience. How he revelled in he spoke were immediately aware that here was a the biographies of Luther, Miiller, Moody, Spur- man with a truly vital message to impart. Not geon and a host of others! They belonged to a only had he rare understanding of their ordinary fellowship which he joyfully realized was also his, everyday needs and problems but also a peculiar and to view the truth with them from some new insight into the feeling, desire and condition of standpoint was to him a sheer delight. And every their hearts. Sin was ruthlessly exposed and con- fresh discovery became doubly precious when demned and the sovereign remedy invariably pre- shared with his friend and fellow-worker. Thus sented: "Behold the Lamb of God who taketh Hsieh's life became enriched and enlarged away the sin of the world." There was no falter- through fellowship with one who communicated ing in his proclamation of the truth; he himself what he himself had learned of the grace of God had received the revelation, and his supreme pas- from the life and witness of others.

sion was to lead others to the Crucified Saviour. During those early. years Hsieh was truly a Gradually the scope of his service began to "son of Thunder." Full of zeal, and himself widen. He accompanied the missionaries in long wholly consecrated to God, he was amazed when and arduous itineraries in the districts lying others who named the Name of Christ lightly re- north of Anking, and "south of the River" (the garded His claims, and lived as if their own af- Yang-Tsi-Kiang). As they journeyed they dis- fairs were of primary importance. His denuncia- tributed portions of Scripture and tracts, and tions were scathing in the extreme; sin was ex- everywhere-at the wayside, on the ferry-boat, in posed in all its hideousness and utterly condemned.

temples full of idols, inside and outside country Some resented such plain preaching-especially inns, in farmhouse and shop-the Gospel was pro- when the application was of a somewhat personal claimed, and signs followed. Years afterwards, nature-but he fearlessly proclaimed his message, when his name was known in every part of China, believing it would be owned of God in the convic- he used to speak of the priceless benefits received tion and conversion of sinners. I recently heard

A WITNESS FOR CHRIST IN CHINA

him express the opinion that perhaps he was too small in comparison. He was a man who realized fiery and unsympathetic at the beginning of his that the supreme need of his country was a spir- . ministry. Time, however, had given him a larger itual message, and he himself had proved that understanding and a deeper love. And yet in the only effective message to meet the crying need those days he was utterly true to the light that he of every heart, and the problems of every compossessed. His opinions and judgments were munity, was the knowledge of a Crucified Saviour, clear-cut, either white or black, and woe betide the risen and exalted, who could: one who thought otherwise! And yet there was nothing little or mean about him; rather was Break the power of cancelled sin there something unusually arresting-something And set the prisoner free. that marked him as a man who would not falter in his witness for Christ, cost what it might. He During the subsequent years I was privileged to did not toy with opinions; he expressed convic- be in almost daily contact and fell0.wship with Mr. tions. Hsieh. These were for him years of preparation and deepening experience for a wider ministry. ANew Experience He had many difficult lessons to learn but these contributed in no small way to make him the man At this time Hsieh received a new experience he ultimately became. His extraordinary indeof the unsearchable riches of Christ. Dr. Jona- pendence in thought, word and act made it at than Goforth was holding special meetings in the times-especially for the uninitiated-rather diffinorth of China and reports of the marvelous cult to work with him. Those who knew him, and workings of the Holy Spirit in that district appreciated his real motives, were more than willcreated a desire in many hearts throughout China ing to stick to him through thick and thin. His that the work would spread. Hsieh accompanied eldest son, a lad of about ten years of age, con- Mr. Westwood to the province of Honan, and tracted spinal trouble, and the father's tenderness there God met him and spoke to him. From that as he daily carried him into our compound and time there came to him a new accession of power, looked after his comfort was beautiful to see. Sufand his message was charged with fresh unction fering love charged his independent spirit with a and urgency. The awfulness of sin was revealed new sympathy and thus he became the more fitted to him in a new way. He saw men and women to .tell others the message of Calvary. stricken down by the convicting power of the Holy Spirit and crying to God for pardon. He wit- Going Further Afield nessed those same people changed by the transforming touch of God's Spirit, testifying to the Gradually there came to him the realization that possession of a priceless peace which the world God wanted him to go further afield. His centre could not give. Hsieh yielded himself to the Lord would remain Anking, but he would be ready to -body, soul, and spirit-for anything, and thus go wherever the Lord directed. The church at there commenced for him a new spiritual epoch. Anking held a peculiarly sacred place in his heart as it had been to him a spiritual home since he Never shall I forget Hsieh's return to Anking first knew the Saviour. He began to dream of a and its sequel. Trouble had broken out in our city. revival society within the churches, and soon he We were on the eve of great political happenings, had in mind a number of schemes which he longed and it was feared that Anking would be within the to see carried out. It was about this time, while fighting area. Our friends returned from Honan visiting the Province of Hunan, that he met Genjust in time to enter the city before the gates were eral Feng, the Christian General. Feng had evishut. An hour longer and they would have had dently been impressed by the sincerity and indeto wait outside for several days. The following pendent bearing of Hsieh, and invited him to call day was for many a time of acute anxiety, but at his camp that they might have a meal and talk Hsieh was not troubling about it in the least. together. "We had not any grand fare," said Firing began in the evening, and nobody seemed Hsieh to me, recalling the event, "the food was as to know what the outcome was to be. That same plain as it could be-in accordance with the Genevening Hsieh was addressing a gathering of eral's invariable custom-but after dinner we had Christians, and never shall I forget the intensity two hours of Bible reading." Feng was so pleased of feeling with which he spoke of the things which with Hsieh's visit that he pressed him to visit he had seen and heard. His words were punc- him daily while in that locality that they might tuated by the crack of rifles, but he was so ab- study the Word of God together. So for a month sorbed in his subject, and the desire to make or two they met every day, and after each meal known the wonderful vision which had dawned Bibles were produced and Hsieh spoke to the Genupon him, that the events taking place outside- eral of the things of God. Feng fully sympathized events which were the prelude to the fall of a with him in his· desire to commence a school for dynasty and the setting up of a republic-seemed the training of workers in evangelism and offered

a large donation for that puropse. The conditions he was assured that the time had come for his attached to the offer did not satisfy Hsieh, and visit to those country churches. For seven years so the matter was allowed to drop. Years after- he was away from home proclaiming his message wards I heard him express the conviction that in all the Northern Provinces. He arranged his God restrained him from carrying out the project time-table as the Lord directed. Here he would he had then in view as he was not meant to settle spend a few weeks, and there a month or two, down in one place; his parish was to be the whole holding daily meetings for Bible study, and helpof China. ing believers and enquirers by personal talks. In those country places, at certain seasons of the The Revival Society really came to be Mr. Hsieh year, the farmers have little or nothing to do, so himself. In course of time invitations to conduct Hsieh gathered companies together in numberless special meetings reached him from districts far districts and faithfully sowed the seed which has removed from' Anking, and thus began his mis- already brought forth a great spiritual harvest. sionary journeys throughout his. native land. He had not the slightest doubt as to God's leading in His supreme desire is to see Christians wholly the matter; the call came and he obeyed. But he surrendered to the Lord, and his Bible talks are had a wife and family and what of the where- directed to this end. He usually plans to have wit~l for their support? Hsieh's reply was clear these meetings daily, and seldom speaks for less and final: "The Lord is sending me; He will be than an hour and a half. There is nothing speresponsible "for the supplies." Arrangements cially attractive about the delivery or style of his about money received for his work have been emi- address, yet all sorts and conditions of people nently sound and sensible. I have met with no simply hang upon his words. They know that he one anywhere with less desire to use money for is dealing with spiritual realities which he himhimself and his own plans than Hsieh; nor have self has experienced, and his illustrations are so I met anyone more careful of money for the Lord:s apt and to the point that even the unlettered have work. He himself did not personally accept con- no difficulty in grasping his meaning. But it is tributions for his work, but requested that such his spiritual insight and power which draw peogifts should be sent to Pastor Hu at Anking to ple to hear him. I have in mind now a talented be entered in the Revival Society account. Once young Chinese teacher, extremely up-to-date and a month the pastor gave Mrs. Hsieh a fixed a staunch nationalist, who had listened to several amount for household expenses, and as Mr. Hsieh of the most outstanding preachers in China; yet had given instructions about the matter it is al- he felt there was a quality in Hsieh's message most unnecessary to add that the amount given which met his deepest need, and satisfied him as for this purpose was certainly not more than ade- no address had ever done. The Lord has used the quate. Often did he say, "the money is not mine; life and the message of His servant in various it is the Lord's." In every possible way he sought parts of China to lead many to dedicate themto curtail personal expenses in order that he selves to the preaching of the Gospel, and scores might have more to use in the Lord's work. On of Christian workers have been inspired by his one occasion he informed me with a smile that on example of whole-hearted, unremitting zeal in the returning to Anking from a certain down-river service of Christ. port he had traveled fourth class. This I could scarcely credit as the lowest fare on any steamer When he was at Anking about three years ago is third class. Hsieh explained that on certain it was learned that he intended giving a series of steamers there is accommodation somewhere be- Bible talks to the members of his family who were low for beggers traveling from one port to an- at home during the summer. He thought that in other, and he had availed himself of the oppor- this way he would be making up to them in some tunity to travel with them. "But," I enquired, measure for the long periods when he was away "was not such a proceeding rather risky? Did from home. Several friends suggested that others none of your neighbors make off with your be- might be permitted to attend as well as the memlongings ?" "Oh, no," he replied, "it was the bers of his family, and that the meetings might safest place on the ship; no one dreamt I had any- be held daily in the church. He agreed, and every thing worth stealing, otherwise I wouldn't have afternoon during the extreme heat of the summer been there. The important thing about it," he an eager company gathered for the study of God's added, "was that I had an opportunity of preach- Word. At each meeting there was an atmosphere ing the Gospel to those poor people." of keen expectancy. Not a few regularly attended at no small sacrifice to themselves. Hsieh sug- About 1916 he received pressing invitations to gested the study of one of the Gospels, taking a visit a number of outlying districts in the North chapter a day. He requested that all of them of China, and, as for some time he had been con- should prayerfully study the chapter and be pretemplating such a journey and praying about it, pared to say a few words on one of the verses.

Few could have conducted the meetings on those be absolutely sincere, and he will assuredly meet lines so naturally and effectively as this veteran with us, and give exceeding abundantly above all Christian worker. At each meeting over a dozen we ask or think." people, some of whom had never spoken in public before, commented on verses of Scripture. As The keynote of those meetings was reality, and day succeeded day it was remarkable how their the working of the Spirit of God was truly eviwords gained in clarity and effectiveness. Hsieh dent in our midst. What must be the cumulative summed up after the others had spoken, and his result of thousands of similar meetings held by comments were always helpfully suggestive and Hsieh among all types and conditions of people to the point. He then gave his own special mes- throughout China? He continues to preach and sage bearing upon the chapter' and had any of teach with unabated zeal. I bade him goodbye at our Western commentators been there they would Anking two years ago as he set out on a preachhave marveled at the typically Chinese coloring ing tour to the Western Provinces. God has been given by him to certain passages of Scripture. It mightily using him, and I have heard from variwas clearly evident that he was steeped in the ous quarters of lives having been won and trans- Word of God, and that his chief delight was to be formed through his witness for his Saviour and God's messenger to others. One evening when requesting several to lead in prayer, he said, "Do Lord. not make a prayer, please, but speak to God, and Pray that men of like spirit may be raised up ask Him for what you really desire. We need to to carry the message of Life to every part of this great and needy land. Only in this way can China be won to Christ.

"I LOVE JESUS"

In the stillness of a schoolroom where the American Indian children were studying, a child's voice rang out like a Christmas bell: "I love Jesus."

"What does the child mean?" thought the teacher who looked into the shining eyes and the glory-glinted face.

The child had heard the story of God's great Christmas gift to the world. Christ had come to dwell in her heart and she bubbled over in her joy because of His gift to her. There in the sunlit schoolroom sat the little Indian shepherdess, her heart flooded with the heavenly Light such as crowned the hills near Bethlehem more than nineteen hundred years ago.

Before Christmas seventy-eight boys and girls enrolled in the Tuba City Indian Government School, came to the missionary with these same words – a song on their lips: "I love Jesus."

Jesus is all the world to me; I want no better friend.

. I trust Him now; I'll trust Him when Life's fleeting days shall end.

A thrill stirred the air in the little mission chapel when they sang the song on a Sunday afternoon when these young people came before the congregation to be baptized. Later they sat at the Lord's Table, in company with "believers in Jesus in Navajoland," and partook of the broken bread, emblem of His broken body, and of the fruit of the vine, emblem of His shed blood.

Thanks be to God for the unspeakable joy He gives to those who are his voice in proclaim- ing His Christmas gift to an impoverished, heart-famished world! "I love Jesus." Our hearts unite in the song of gratitude that this timid shepherdess sang so that comrades and teacher were startled in the silent schoolroom.

Danny-A High..-Grade

~-tijf I By F. A. ROBINSON, Ph.D., Toronto, Canada I)ilt— N o OTHER home in the district was avail- honor of sleeping with the minister was scarcely able for the visiting preacher so there was worth the ordeal his mother's suggestions in- no help for it, he had to sleep with ten-year- volved. old Danny. The shack contained three beds and there were eight to be accommodated. It was use- Two or three hours later the preacher did his less to make any other suggestion for the little best to get Danny out of his monopolistic position prairie home contained no lounge nor even chairs across the bed, and lay alongside .of his soundly that could be used as a possible excuse for sleep- sleeping little bedfellow. It was not long ere the ing separately. Danny's usual berth was with his mother's prophecy was being fulfilled, and Danny father and mother, but the coming of the preacher was "snuggling" up to the preacher with much necessitated a general change. more enjoyment to Danny than to his bedmate. The dirty little arms and tousled head seemed to "Danny's a bit restless," said his mother, "but vie with one another in getting into the immediate he never wakes up when he strikes the pillow, and vicinity of the preacher's nose and mouth. he's as good as one of those hot water bottles. Early in the morning the curtain was pushed We can't keep a fire going all night, and after it aside and a tin bowl containing warm water was has been out a while, it gets a bit frosty along the placed on the rough box that served as a table. logs. It was twenty below most nights last week. "I thought you might like warm water to wash in. When it gets that way Danny snuggles up real Danny, you come out now and bring your clothes close." so's the minister will have room to dress." Danny The last bit of information did not add to the was scarcely wide enough awake to heed his preacher's enthusiasm over his bed fellow. mother's command. After a few minutes he Danny's general appearance was not encouraging. pushed back the hair from his forehead and be- Facilities for keeping clean are not many in the came intensely interested in w a t chi n g the kind of shack occupied by the Wiggins family and preacher. Danny really had no use for "facilities." He washed his hands and face only under the utmost At last his surprise at the intricacies and myspressure, and a bath in winter-time was an un- teries that were involved in the preacher's method of dressing could be restrained no longer. With thought-of thing. When the "slough" was warm something akin to a sigh, he said: enough, it was difficult to keep him out of the "Say, Mister, how often do you wash yerself water; but to Danny's type of boy, a swimming hole and a wash-bowl are as different as Paradise like that?" and Hades. His tousled hair looked as though it With a smile came the answer, "I don't often had never come in contact with a comb. In the shack his coarse shirt and semi-long trousers were do it just like that, but I like to have at least a all he could be persuaded to wear. The latter good sponge off every morning. Water is a bit were so large and ill-fitting that they gave no in- scarce out here, isn't it?" dication as to whether Danny was coming or going. Evading the question, Danny asked, "Say, Mis- ter, how often do you pull that there black thing Shortly after supper on the night of the preach- through yer hair like you was doin' for sich a er's arrival, the mother got Danny behind the spell?" curtain, where the crudely-made and unpainted bedstead stood. Danny had to listen to a number "Well! I'm afraip my hair often gets rough, of "don'ts" that also reached the ears of the Danny. I carry a comb in this little pocket, see, preacher. "Now, don't you sit on the bed with then I can comb my hair whenever it needs itthem dirty pants of yours. No! you can't get in maybe half a dozen times a day." bed that way! Now, Danny, you undress properly! You're going to put on your Sunday shirt Danny's face had on it an expression of mingled pity and disgust as he said wearily, "You must be an awful pile 0' trouble to yerself, Mister."

Breakfast with Danny revealed the fact that he was "just an appetite with a skin pulled over now that you're sleeping with the minister." him." Not until that morning had he ever been Danny's answer was in a tone that suggested the present where family worship was conducted.

[138 ] The reading was of the lad's small store of loaves the cow stable. With his face on his arms as he and fishes and the preacher had Danny look on leaned against the logs in a dark corner, the little the Testament with him. It was something new lad was shedding many tears. "I don't want you for Danny to kneel down, and he went about it to go away, never!" was his only response to the rather awkwardly as though uncertain what came kindly touch of his preacher friend's hand. A next. few farewell words of confidence in Danny's fu- ture and the preacher hurried to the big box In the approach to the Father of us all, strange, sleigh. Wrapped in well-worn blankets and with deep yearning for Danny came into the preacher's a carpet of straw, they started on their cold jourheart and he saw more than an untidy, tousle- ney across the prairie. As the preacher turned to headed boy. That yearning led to efforts to gain get another look at the shack that had been his Danny's confidence. He helped him to carry in home for the past three weeks, he saw the little the wood and chopped through the ice for the lad with the coarse shirt and baggy trousers gazdaily water supply. Then there were ways of ing wistfully in the direction of the sleigh. A adding to the lad's fun. A few old boards were little hand responded to the farewell wave and fashioned into a sleigh that did quite well on the then the boyish figure disappeared-perhaps to go snow-covered slope after the preacher had shov- back to the dark corner again. elled the snow so as to make a surface across which they could easily glide. Within a week the *** two were good friends and Danny accompanied the preacher whenever allowed. He was permitted Twelve years passed. Many new settlers have to go to two of the evening meetings conducted come to the foothills district where once stood the by the visitor and especially enjoyed the music. Wiggins shack. In the same district stands a small church in which there is a Sunday school Within two weeks Danny was showing more superintendent whose name is Danny Wiggins. concern about his hands and face and hair, and And two thousand miles away a preacher gives was following the preacher's example in a number thanks to God for the strange little chap who, of ways. An illustrated edition of a pocket Testa- twelve years ago, shared with him the bed behind ment, in which the preacher had printed the boy's the curtain in the log shack on Windy Plains, and name in full, was the first gift of any value that who has so grown in the knowledge of the Lord Danny had received and his pride in its possession Jesus as to be leading others into paths of rightwas manifest. eousness.

On the last evening of the preacher's stay in the SILVESTER HORNE'S LAST CONVERT* lonely settlement he had a talk with Danny. "I believe you are going to be a fine boy, Danny. I Silvester Horne, the great English preacher, shall be a long distance away from you, but I am died on a St. Lawrence steamer. The captain of going to count you as one of my friends. Every that steamer told the story and its sequence: day I shall be reading from a little book like the one you have, and I shall be thinking of how my It was on this very boat. I chanced to see him fall and friend Danny is reading from the same book, and ran toward him. His wife holding his head called out in it would be one of the biggest disappointments I agony, "Are you dead?" An instant later she turned to could have if my Danny was not true and brave me and said, "Captain, is my husband really dead?" I and clean. You remember about the boy who nodded my head, and ordered some sailors to carry the brought all he had to Jesus. You are doing that, body into the cabin; but that was not the end of the tale. aren't you, Danny? You are going to let Him Mrs. Horne came in and immediately knelt down beside count on you to help make this world a bit hap- the body. She turned to me and commanded, "Captain, pier. You won't go back on me, will you, Danny, you must kneel." I was altogether indifferent to religion, because I want you for Jesus." The little lad with but I hesitated only a second, then knelt. Her prayer was the coarse shirt and baggy trousers looked up into the simplest, most beautiful and most natural prayer I the preacher's face and said with a bashful smile: ever heard. She mentioned all the children by name, the "I'd like to be jes like you and preach." church, and various causes that had been dear to her hus- band's heart. I have never been able to escape from that "God bless you, Danny, my boy. I'm not anxious prayer. It brought me to Christ. Whenever I can I you should be like me, but I want you to be like attend the little church of which I have become a member. Him, like Jesus. He was so good and brave and I was Silvester Horne's last convert. kind." The radiance of that life has continued to shine, When the sleigh came early next morning to and we have no doubt that a great many who knew take the preacher to the railway station, twelve him and loved him were brought to Christ as they miles distant, Danny was not in sight. There was remembered his thrilling words. But the capno response to the calling of his name. The tain was brought to Christ as much by Mrs. preacher hurried around the little shack and into Horne's marvelous courage and trust as by any- thing that Silvester Horne had ever said or done.

• From The Watchman-Examiner. Effective Ways of Working 'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~========================~======I New "Tools in Type" A MEN'S MISSIONARY LEAGUE boys' mISSIOnary society. The boys' work shall be supported and directed BULLETIN NUMBER Two One of the foregoing plans by the League. may well commend itself to Readers of THE REVIEW will every pastor. It was the ideal of With all due honor to the the Rev. George A. Brown, of recall that some months back the the United Presbyterian Church faithful women who have so long Professional Advisory Section of Elyria, Ohio, to develop a mothered boys' missionary or- men's organization which, in inon Missionary Education of the terest, activity and spirit, would ganizations in the local church, International Council of Reli- equal any woman's missionary your Department Editor vengious Education brought out a society. The resulting league tures the opinion that this move bulletin giving a bird's-eye view has for its object the "promotion toward "fathering" is a distinct of best methods among all coop- of an intelligent, active interest erating denominations. Weare in missions on the part of the advance. glad to report that the wide- men and boys of the church" inspread appreciation of that first volving the following particu- OUTCOMES OF STUDY CLASSES effort has led to the issuance of lars: Bulletin No. Two, which is over- In the setting of the subject flowing with stimulating sugges- 1. The recognition of the privilege tions for all departments of and duty of sharing the Lord Jesus matter in this Department last church life, including that of the Christ with the world through the enpastor. This is mimeographed tire missionary enterprise. month, Bulletin items under the and may be obtained at cost price of twenty-five cents, from 2. A comprehensive educational pro- above heading are particularly Miss Ruth Heinmiller, 2969 gram for the thorough missionary in- West 25th St., Cleveland, Ohio. struction of the men and boys of the apropos. The contributor, Mrs. Some idea of the contents may church. be gained from a few of the lead- Phillip H. Waddell Smith, of ing topics, such as: Reading 3. The practice of definite, intelli- Suggestions (detailed informa- gent prayer for missions in general Princeton, N. J., tells us that tion as to the best missionary and especially for the missionary books available for all ages, five agencies of our own church. when her church studied "The large pages being devoted to this a Ion e); Missionary Movies; 4. The actual support of some spe- Church and the Community," Young People's Work; Mission- cific missionary project which we will ary Education in a State Denom- have as our own and for which we will the text was taken seriously so inational Program; Group Cor- be personally responsible financially. respondences (keeping in contact that a playground for children with definite mission stations) ; 5. The rendering of definite, per- Children's W 0 r k (excellent sonal missionary service as we may of the streets was started with plans); Men's and Women's have opportunity and ability. Work; General Suggestions and one paid worker and daughters Promotion (plans of various de- All men over eighteen years nominations for effectively fur- of .age are eligible to member- of interested parents as helpers. thering work in the whole field ship. Included among the comof missionary education). Such mittees is one to select, supervise The project still continues as a live, usable material as is cov- and handle the correspondence ered by the foregoing outline of some definite project for ac- Summer Bible School with atshould be in the hands of every tive participation. The article local church worker. It repre- in the constitution headed "De- tendance increasing each year. sents literally a "League of De- partments of Service" reads: nominations" under the leader- Children enlisted in the earlier ship of the Prince of Peace. In order for the full realization of the final objective of the League, which years have become, themselves, is that of a growing likeness to Jesus Christ in life and service, the follow- competent helpers, branching ing things shall be emphasized: Bible study and prayer for personal spirit- out into service at homes for ual development; faithful church at- tendance; personal evangelism; Chris- crippled children, and in other tian stewardship; welfare work; Christian fellowship; the work of the projects. At first supported en- [140 ] tirely by women in Mrs. Smith's own church, the enterprise was eventually taken up in coopera- tion by other churches until it now has three paid workers and many volunteers. Each year the handwork is displayed in the show windows of one of the lead- ing stores. .

Another year the problem of the rural church was studied with the result that the women of the Princeton church volun- teered their services in helping near-by country churches, either

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

by leading their meetings or 'The Way of Holiness.''' The oring new members, a. Guide helping them plan their work. mottoes are, "I am the Way," Post of "Keep to the Right," One year a summer school was and "In all thy ways acknowl- Proverbs 4: 11-18, with the started and a worker was paid edge Him and He shall direct warning, "Danger! Cur v e s for on condition that mothers of thy paths." Between these two Ahead !" Two guides conducted the country children provide the Scripture verses is their poetic the program. entertainment for her during correlate: November brought the year's her term of service. To every man there openeth study topic, "Japan," with a The study of the Caribbean A way and ways and a way. "Highway Tea Garden," a problem eventuated in making The high soul climbs the High Way, "Cross Road Guide Post"-Luke 24: 13-32-and a topic of "Highsupplies for victims of the hurri- The low soul gropes the Low Way, ways and Byways of Japan," cane in the Dominican Republic. That project, also, still lives on And in between on the misty fiats with guides as in all other meet- The rest drift to and fro. But to every man there openeth in service to mission hospitals in A High Way and a Low, ings of the series. And every man decideth the region. Which way his soul shall go. The December meeting was in charge of the World Wide Guild A NEW MISSION STUDY PLAN The poem for the year is, and continued the study of Ja- The First Presbyterian church "When We Walk with the Crowd pan, with "The Dinner Gong," of Berkeley, California, decided in the Road," by Walter J. Gres- a Guide Post of "Safety First"- under the leadership of their ham, and the Travelers' Song, Psalm 119: 117-and "Youth pastor to assign to each organ- "It Is Glory Just to Walk with Glimpsing New Roads" for the ization and Sunday school de- Him." At the head of each de- program, the guide being a partment a given field or coun- partment is also a stanza of an young woman. try in which the denomination appropriate poem, such as this Burma was the theme for the January session. There were a maintains mission work, in or- for the Missionary: Dak Bun g a low Luncheon, der that old study books, letters, Through desert ways, dark fen and "Grades and Curves" for the pictures, etc., may be examined deep morass, for information. Twenty-three Through jungles, desert ways and Guide Post-Luke 3: 4-6-and a mountain pass, program on "Mountain Trails in assignments were made, some- Build ye the road, falter not nor stay; Burma." Prepare across the earth the King's times more than one group co- White Cross (mission hospioperating on a topic. The study Highway. tal) work was under way in Febculminated in early December in a three-days' exposition, turning And for the Worlef Wide Guild ruary. Luncheon was served at the entire church into a "world" (young women's organization) : "The Wayside Inn"; the Guide Post was "The Emergency Staand displaying the returns from And where the vanguard rest today tion," Luke 10: 25-37; with "Sathe study in booths, pictures, The rear shall camp tomorrow. maritans on the Road" as the graphs, talks, pageants, etc., arranged by different units in the This organization has its peri- subject of the missionary seschurch. Research like this will od of industrial work in the fore- sion. often yield more than cut-and- noon, its luncheon, its business In March the topic is "Chris- session with ensuing song serv- tian Education." Luncheon is dried textbook material. ice, its devotional periods, and scheduled to be served at "The A GOOD UNIFIED PROGRAM finally the missionary program. Half-Way House," with school Your Department Editor re- The luncheons are all shaped up seniors as guests. The Guide ceives repeated requests for in motifs, decorations and menus Post is "One Way Road"-John series of programs, all ready to to the theme for the day: the 14: 6. "A Skyline Drive" will use with adaptations. We are song service is called, "Songs be featured in the program. glad to present a fresh series Along the Way," and the devo- Home Missions will be taken from the woman's society in the tional period is designated the up in April, with a "Roadside First Baptist Church of Santa "Guide Post." At the September Cafe" for the meal, a "Winding Ana, California. It evidences meeting, a box luncheon was Road" Guide Post-Isa. 30: 21careful thought, research and a served as the tourists began, and "Easterners on Western mind to give the very best of "One Year's Journey," and the Roads" at the formal service. one's endeavor to definite King- Guide Post was entitled, "Stop! In May "South India" will be dom building. The subject is, Look! Listen!" with Isaiah 55: featured. There is to be "A Pad- "Christ of the Beckoning Road" ; 6-9 as the keynote. Then fol- dyfield Luncheon" at which rice and as an artistic, faintly lowed the program on "Blazing will undoubtedly be the piece de sketched background for every the Trail." Any pioneer mission- resi'stance. The Guide Post printed page there appears a ary work or the early features of reads, "Dangerous But Passbeautiful highway leading up- endeavor at one station would able," 2 Cor. 11: 24-33, and the ward past a wayside cross. The fit in, with the program leader topic is "Jungle Paths." motif on the first inside page is: termed the Guide. An Americanization meeting "And an highway shall be there, In October came a civics pro- comes in June, the luncheon be- and a way, and it shall be called gram, with a picnic dinner hon- ing termed "Curb Service," the

Guide Post, "No Left Turn"- (dramatization of a month's is- This unique correlation be- Josh. 1: 7, 8-and· the program, sue of the denominational maga- tween program and social fea- "Courtesies of the Road." zine, Missions); "A Study in tures is worth trying and lends itself to much ingenuity, espe- The series closes in July with Darkness and Light" (address cially in communities where the the annual meeting, luncheon to by missionary worker); "Keep- church needs to be the social as be served at "An Alpine Tav- well as the religious center. ern," the Guide Post appropri- ing the Home Fires Burningately placed "At the Summit"- The Annual Campfire and Busi- THE DAY OF PRAYER 2' Tim. 4: 7, 8-and the meeting ness Meeting"; "Candles of the termed "The End of the Trail." March 8th marks that impor- Lord-a Memorial Service for tant event. While ready-made The final poem among the Past Leaders"; "The Farther outlines furnished by denominanumber in this beautiful pro- Lights-a Meteor Shower" (re- tional as well as undenominagram booklet is : ception of gifts for some mission tional organizations render de- station according to ascertained tailed plans in this Department I do not know the road o'er which unnecessary, we wish to stress My feet must run the race, needs). Leaders of these several the importance of more than a meetings were designated as Dis- perfunctory observance. Prayer But I do know though rough it be, furnishes not only our guidance Though steep in many a place, tributors of the Light, Lamp but our dynamic. "Only men Lighters, Projectors, Heralds of and women in personal relation- That He has said: "Sufficient the Star, Torch Bearers, Path- ship with the Holy Spirit receive Is my grace" finders, Bonfire Builders, Search His teachings, feel His power As I go on. Lights, Service Lights, Star and become His effective agents …… Neither plans, however Your editor has no intimate Dust, etc. The officers were clever, nor organizations, howdetails of this series, although listed as Headlights and the cir- ever efficient, can accomplish she knows personally the caliber cle leaders as the Cluster Lights. spiritual results unless they are of the activating membership; spiritually conceived, inspired but it is quite possible that the Mrs. Maude Rose Wellman, and supported." corresponding secretary, Mrs. Charles A. Harp, 419 West the social chairman, writes of Prayer is the tide for which the vessels Washington St., Santa Ana, Cal- the correlated meetings: wait ifornia, might be willing to let her light shine a bit farther if an At the opening birthday rally the Ere they can come to port. And if occasional request were made ac- social feature was termed "Following it be companied by a stamped, self- the Gleam to Our Natal Day," each addressed envelope. entrant being given a symbol indica- The tide is low, how then canst th()u tive of the month in which she was expect COORDINATING SOCIAL AND MIS- born (sketches of snow flakes, fire crackers, roses, etc.) which furnished The treasure ship to see? SIONARY a clue to lead her to the table assigned to that month and decorated corre- Thousands of our invalid or In the woman's society of the spondingly. Appropriate songs and elderly folk may carryon their Granville, Ohio, Baptist Church, jingles for these months were inter- former work by way of the a social hour follows the mis- spersed with the luncheon. Throne, by enlisting as "prayer sionary program; and this year partners" of some efficient misthe unique plan of linking up Some of the other coordinated topics sionary worker, interceding conthemes for the two sessions was were: Following the Gleam over Land stantly for work they have devised. The general topic for and Sea (exhibit of curios from a num- adopted as their own. "Shut-in the year is "Light." The suc- ber of mission fields with demonstra- But Not Shut-out" is the unique cessive missionary programs are ti()ns by costumed hostesses); Through title of a leaflet dealing with this entitled "The Lights of Home- the Orchard (guessing games with method of restoring the joy of Autumn Rally and Luncheon"; fruits); To High Lights of History service to earnest souls in life's "The Searchlight of Christian (character guessing game); Into Erin sidelines. Patriotism" (evening meeting (celebrating St. Patrick's Day); Into jus t before November elec- the Mission Fields; Through a Treas- "Money-that is what I want tions) ; "Oriental Lantern Bear- ure Hunt (for hidden parcels brought to learn from Him above allers in America" (dramatiza- for the donation of gifts), etc. money the cause of so much tion); "Rays of Light from the temptation and sin and s9rrow Sunrise Kingdom" (dramatiza- At the meeting where Japan was and eternal loss; money as it is tion of the study book, "Japa- the topic, "Following the Gleam into received and administered and nese Women Speak"); "In the the Garden" was carried out in the distributed at the feet of Jesus, Light of the Christmas Star" following manner: Leaves were cut the Lord of the Treasury, be- (cantata or dramatic sketch, fol- from paper of an appropriate green comes one of God's choicest chanlowed by social for the Sunday and each leaf bore a letter in the name nels of grace to myself and othschool); "T h e Festival of of some Japanese flower or fruit. To ers."-Andrew Murray. Lights" (all-church dinner in group the letters ()f one word, the reevening, with elaborate program verse side of each letter in a given honoring missionaries and their word was inscribed with a number. families); "The Torch of Wis- For instance all the letters in the word dom-a L i v i n g Magazine" "chrysanthemum" bore the number one on its back, and so on. The groups having the same number worked to- gether to guess the word. After these names of flowers were completed, Jap- anese games were provided-Gomoku, a game similar to our logomachy; Jan Kim Po and a Japanese fish game. The rooms were decorated with Jap- anese lanterns and cherry blossoms made from crepe paper and attached to twigs to suggest a Japanese garden.

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BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~'~I ~~==~========~====~~ " … of Such an Astonishment" viduals, classes, races, and na- ines he is somebody, he is deceiv- tions. ing himself, for he is nobody; let VVhosoever on ye night of ye In the United States of Amer- everyone bring his own wor,k to nativity of ye young Lord Jesus, the test-then he will have somein ye great snows, shall fare ica the VVorld Day of Prayer thing to boast about on his own Offerings will, unless specially account, and not in comparison forth bearing a succulent bone designated, be divided equally with his fellows. FOR EVERYfor ye loste and lamenting among four missionary projects, ONE WILL HAVE TO BEAR hounde, a wisp of hay for ye namely, Christian literature for HIS OWN LOAD OF RESPONshivering horse, a cloak of warm women and children in Mission SIBILITY.

raiment for ye stranded way- lands, VVomen's Union Christian -From Letter to Galatians, farer, a bundle of faggots for ye colleges of other lands, Religious Moffatt Translation. twittering crone, a flagon of red VVork among students of U. S., ". . . of Such Astonishment" wine for him whose marrow Indian day and boarding school~, withers, a garland of bright ber- and Christian service among MI- Except the.Lord build the house, ries for one who had worn grant laborers and their chil- They labour in vain that build chains, gay arias of lute and dren. [The offerings may be sent it: harp for all huddled birds who directly to the editor for distri- Except the Lord keep the city, thought that song was dead, and The watchman waketh but in divers lush sweet meats for such bution.J babes' faces as peer from lonely It is well for us as we enter vain. And it shall come to pass that windows-to him shall be prof- upon this world-wide prayer and fered and returned gifts of such service to read the excerpt from the mountain of the an astonishment as will rival the St. Paul's letter to the church in Lord's house shall be eshues of the peacock and the har- Galatia from which the theme is tablished in the top of the mountains, and shall be monies of Heaven, so that taken- exalted above the hills though he live to ye greate age- Brothers, you were called to and all nations shall flow into it. when man goes stooping and be free; onl11 do not make your Except the Lord build the house querulous-yet shall he walk up- freedom an opening for the flesh, They labour in vain that build it. right and remembering, as one but serve one another in love. For the entire Law is summed whose heart shines like a greate up in one word, in, You must love star in his breast. you r neighbor as yourself -Source Unknown. (whereas, if you snap at each , Bringe ye all the tithes into the other and prey upon each other, World Day of Prayer for take care in case you destroy one storehouse Missions another) ….. . That there may be meat in mine the First Friday in Lent The harvest of the Spirit is house, March 8, 1935 love, joy, peace, good, temper, And prove me now herewith, The theme for the day's medi- kindliness, generosity, fidelity, saith the Lord of Hosts, tation and prayer throughout gentleness, self-control: – there the world is "Bear ye one anoth- is no law against those who prac- And prove me now herewith, if er's burdens." Together the I will not open you the world on this day will be pray- tice such things . …. .As we live windows of heaven and ing for the missionary enter- by the Spirit, let us be guided. by pour out a blessing that prise and for all who share the Spirit; let us have no vamty, therein; for a quickened con- no provoking, no envy of one an- there shall not be room science toward the world's bur- other. Even if anyone is detected enough, that there shall den bearers; for courage to in some trespass, brothers, you stand for the right and willing- not be room enough to reness to accept the sacrifices in- are spiritual, 'you must set the of- ceive it. fender right in a spirit of gentle- .Bring ye all the tithes into the storehouse ness; let each look to himself, in And prove me now herewith case he too is tempted. BEAR saith the Lord of hosts.

volved for us all in the building ONE ANOTHER'S BURDENS, The above scriptural song, written of a better world; for justice AND SO FULFILL THE LAW by James G. MacDermid, is published and understanding among indi- in two keys by Forster, 218 South OF CHRIST. 1/ anyone imag- Wabash, Chicago. 40 cents. , [143 ]

MIGRANT CENTER BASEBALL TEAM WAITING TO BE FED I found the little fellow in an old dark stall. I could just make out his DEAR FRIENDS: the active cooperation of State form lying in bed. The father brought out an old kerosene lamp which helped. Those of you who are meeting Departments of Education and I could see he was critically ill and on this WorId Day of· Prayer are Health. that if he made the long 35-mile trip among the best friends of the over the mountain to the hospital, it migrant children. Much has At the Christian centers in might be too late, but that was his been accomplished in Migrant many camps, hundreds of chil- only chance. This suggestion terrified Work this last year. Your gifts dren not only were protected the mother. "But he too sick; I'm on the last WorId Day of Prayer afraid he die! Only two months ago, helped tremendously. Cooperat- from exposure in the fields and little Mary die with pneumonia while ing on State Labor Standards the dangers 'of cannery machin- we are 'in cots.' " Committees, and through the ery, but they grew stronger Federal Children's Bureau and physically and spiritually. You Finally she consented. Typhoidsimilar bodies, the Council of cannot imagine how we have pneumonia was the diagnosis. For Women for Home Missions has days the doctors held out no hope for worked on various phases of the struggled to carryon within the his recovery. Then he began to imsituation, such as hours, wages, budget. It has meant volunteer prove slowly and soon was out of danand child labor. Those employed service on the part of many ger. Surely a loving Father watches in agriculture are still unpro- young women and the doing over and cares for these little wandertected by the codes that have be- ers. come effective in so many lines without much needed equipment. of work. Carrying a program for 40 or 50 Faithfully yours, While at work on the problem children, ranging in age from in- COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR fancy to 9 or 10 years, through- HOME MISSIONS. itself, the Christian social serv- out a 12-hour day, is not easy. Our youngest was 21 days old! *** ice has gone forward with rather remarkable success in 30 fields In the evenings and on Sundays, DEAR FRIENDS: in 11 states, with increasing co- the young people and adults need operation of employers and local leadership. A visitor at a center Please remember me, toogroups in migrant areas. We Indian American Youth. have in mind one field in particu- marveled at the accomplishlar. Three years ago we entered ments and her comment was, REBECCA EVANS the Connecticut Valley tobacco "So much with so little " Miss Winner of the Health and Beauty Contest, situation when many leaders in Barnes, who is known as the that area declared there was no' "angel of the cotton camps," Indian Presbyterian, U. S. A., MisSion, need for work. Last summer writes: Ganado, Arizona these leaders not only recognized the need but provided for a pro- Late one afternoon as I was hurry- We of the Church whO work gram on four plantations instead ing home, some one stopped me. In an with the Indian American are of one. In two states this past old barn a short distance away; a little learning that ours must be a year, for the first time, we had boy was very ill. With a sigh of relief ministry to the whole personal- the mother greeted me for we had met ity. Our pattern is "the beauty the year before "in peas." "My little and grace of the Lord Jesus boy, he have too much fever and talk Christ." too much at night. He been sick ten days. We took him once to doctor but have no money to take him back. The doctor say he too sick, should send for him earlier but we have no money."

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1 OUf W orld~wide Outlook ~1,1, ~-, A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events ~ NORTH AMERICA WJBK-Detroit, Mich. Isaacs, retired clothing manufac- Need for Home Missions WIP-Philadelphia, Pa. turer, left about $875,000 out- Let those who assert there is right to sixteen Catholic, Jewish KQV-Pittsburg, Pa. and Protestant welfare agencies WPRO-Providence, R. I.

WHBF-Rock Island, Ill. WIL-St. Louis, Mo. no need for home missions pon- which is divided between the folder the following: The Home WTNJ-Trenton, N. J. lowing institutions: Federation Missions Council recently re- WOL-Washington, D. C. for the Support of Jewish Philported that there are 10,000 vil- WIXBS-Waterbury, Conn. anthropic Societies; Brooklyn lages in the United States with- These programs will inform Federation of Jewish Charities; out a church of any kind. There and interest people in the world- Catholic Charities of the Archare thirty thousand villages wide program of Christianity. diocese of New York; Federawithout a resident pastor. There Internationally known men and tion of Protestant WeI far e are more than thirteen million women will speak out of their ex- Agencies; New York Guild for North American children, under perience of Christil:m work all the Jewish Blind; Hebrew Natwelve years of age, who are not over the world and outstanding tional Orphan Home; The Cath- missionaries and Christian na- olic Guardian Society; Associain church or Sunday school. tionals of other lands will give tion to Aid Crippled Children; Kentucky Mountaineers vital messages, news events, and New York Institution for the In- answer questions. Comments struction of the Deaf and Dumb; Clear Creek M 0 u n t a i n and suggestions on these pro- Young Men's Hebrew Associa- Springs, Inc., with Dr. L. C. grams will be heartily welcomed. tion of Borough Park; Camp Kelly of Pineville, Ky., as Presi- Inquiries should be addressed to Sussex, Inc.; Harlem Home of dent, is an organization designed your nearest station. the Daughters of Israel; United to help mountain people of Ken- Jewish Aid Society; St. Pattucky. (See page 232 May RE- A Forward Movement rick's Home for the Aged and VIEW.) During the past summer Infirm; Society for the Relief of a school was held which reached Plans for a forward movement Half Orphans and Destitute in 1,200 people. A camp for boys of sweeping proportions, aimed the City of New York. had an attendance of 185, and a to revitalize and invigorate the camp for girls had an attendance missions of the Protestant Epis- A Children's Church of 145. For four weeks a moun- copal Church, were adopted at a tain preachers' school brought meeting of the Joint Commis- An i n t e r den 0 min atogether sixty ministers, from sion. The movement aims to re- tional church, with its memberfifteen district associations. vitalize the spiritual life of the ship made up exclusively of church in every branch of its children, has been organized at -Watchman-Examiner. work. the Ohio Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home in Xenia, Ohio. Missions on the Radio Each church member will be It is believed to be the first of urged to live up to his full re- its kind. Chaplain C. C. Haukins Through the courtesy of the sponsibilities as a Christian dis- has spent ten years of research American Broadcasting System ciple, by regular prayer and in planning its organization. the Foreign Missions Confer- meditation, sincere repentance, ence of North America is spon- unfailing attendance at worship, A committee of chi I d r e n, soring a 15 minute program on outpouring of money and serv- guided by Chaplain Haukins, Friday afternoons at 3 o'clock, ice. No new organization is to wrote the Constitution of this Eastern Standard Time, known be set up; the work will be "Community Church for Chrisas the "World of Missions." This through existing departments. tian Youth," and it will be afprogram is available on the fol- filiated with the Community lowing stations: -The Churchman. Church Workers of the U. S. A.

WMCA-New York City. Unusual Jewish Bequest The executive secretary of that WABY-Albany, N. Y. organization, Richard E. Shields, WCBM-Baltimore, Md. Protestant, Catholic and J ew- has given personal attention to WHDH-Boston, Mass. ish charities r e c e i v e d their the development of the plan and WEHR-Buffalo, N. Y. largest Christmas gift when the was present at the installation WJJD-Chicago, Ill. will of Reuben M. Isaacs was probated December 24. Mr. of officers. More than 100 chil- WFBE-Cincinnati, Ohio. dren are charter members. WDEL-Wilmington, Del.

[145 ]

Medical Missions Conference sider Christian missions as a sep- on the opening Sunday, preached arate project, without any par- by a visiting minister, was on Under the auspices of the For- ticular relationship to the local "How Large Is Your World?" eign Missions Conference sev- parish program but no church this being a background for enty-five doctors and nurses can remain vigorous in a spir- eight nights' study of "Christ in from more than twelve foreign itual sense and surrender its Our Modern World." Ruth T. countries met for their fifth bien- vision of its world-wide mis- Fulton, in a statement sent to nial Medical Missions Confer- sion." the Missionary Education Moveence in New York City, Decem- ment, says: ber 13-15. Papers were pre- Islam' in America sented on tropical and oriental At 4: 30 p. m. the curtains of our diseases, preventive medicine The Moorish Science Temple small world and individual prejudices and the health problem of wom- of America is a national organ- were pushed back to welcome to the en candidates and missionaries. ization, founded by Noble Drew Home a colored girls' quartet (brought The way in which different gov- Ali with religious, social and hu- from a near-by school) who had come ernments view the missionary manitarian purposes; among to give our opening program at night physician ranges from definite other beliefs they maintain that at the School of Missions. Langdon restrictions, as in Turkey, to ap- Noble Drew Ali was a prophet girls for the most part erased lingerproval with financial coopera- descended from Mohammed and ing and long-felt race feelings, evition, as in Congo BeIge. Resolu- guided by his Father God Allah; denced by the desire to meet these tions adopted by the conference that colored people and Moors girls of a duskier skin and eat with called for a concerted effort to descended from ancient Moab- them. There were still, however, bring church members to a ites, who left the North Western those who emphatically said, "My deeper appreciation of the "min- and South Western shores of Af- mother taught me never to associate istry of healing"; of the impor- rica; that the names colored with them," or, "I certainly don't tance of establishing more med- folks, black people or Ethiopians want to eat with them"; and so these ical colleges to train native phy- and Negroes are misnomers, be- looked with rather disapproving wonsicians, because of the decrease ing names applied to slaves by der upon our upper classmen who ate in the numbers of Western doc- slave holders; that Friday is a with the interesting guests. tors entering the service; of the holy day of rest; that love, advisability of having hospital truth, peace, freedom and j us- At the ensuing evening church management trend toward local tice must be proclaimed and service the small town turned control and of the necessity of practiced. out almost en masse to hear the having the Christian Church concert, at least a hundred peomaintain its leadership in for- The organization has more ple standing for an hour and a eign hospital work. than 100,000 members in this half listening to "naIvely worded country who pay 50 cents a and strongly rhythmical spirit- Some Impressions in Mid-West month to local temples, and 25 uals." So warm was the wel- cents a month to the national coming feeling that even the girl Rev. Wilbur S. Derning re- body. Trouble recently arose in who quoted her mother's advice cently paid a visit to the Con- Moorish Science Temple number said, the following morning, "1 gregational Christian Churches 10 in Newark, N. J., over the don't have any race prejudice of Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin payment of contributions to the any more." All the girls had and Missouri, speaking in 71 "reincarnated" Noble Drew Ali felt their world enlarge greatly. centers. He enumerates in Ad- when it was asserted the prophvance some of the impressions et "departed from this life in Crowds came so early to the received. The first impression the year 1929 and his return to study classes that a preliminary concerned the effectiveness with this earth is impossible in that song service had to be arranged which state organizations are short space of time, according to to fill the time of waiting. A working. He also found unity recognized conceptions of the grand pageant closed the school in the midst of diversity. Some Moorish Science T e m pie of on the eighth night. The total churches minister to rural, oth- America." -Moslem World. enrolment had been 429 (in a ers to urban and suburban small place) with an average atareas; some struggle with in- Mission Study Downs Race tendance of 308 over 175 the dustrial problems and shifting Prejudice year before. "Denominational populations, yet there was a high walls crumbled at least to common Christian fellowship At Mt. Vernon, Kentucky- the place where we can stand on and Dr. Derning was greatly im- the seat of Langdon Memorial foundations and join hands in a pressed by the sympathetic hear- Home, maintained by the Pres- completely united effort to face ing given to the missionary mes- byterian Board of National Mis- common world problems tosage. "I am fully convinced," sions for girls of the surround- gether and begin our practice of says Dr. Derning, "that the spir- ing region attending school at brotherhood in our own comitual health of a church and its Mt. Vernon-a c omm u n i ty munity." mISSIOnary horizon are closely school of missions was held last connected. Some may still con- year which had most valuable LATIN AMERICA corollaries. The morning sermon Putting Pressure on Mexico Three Protestant denomina- tional papers recently made

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

stern protest against persecu- they could not read. Occasionally an ligious and social field; and (c) tion in Mexico. The Christian enemy was found. Anything which the Council of Religious Educa- Advocate, of the Met hod is t took the mind away from work did not tion, whose end is to promote co- Church, South: "The govern- meet with the supervisor's approval. operation, especially in the ment has struck hard at the One of our converts, a tall Guaiqueri sphere of religious education. Church, with the result that re- Indian, told me of his experience in ligious freedom and education Maracaibo. He was almost over- Leper Colony in Paraguay are imperiled. . . . Any nation whelmed one morning as he saw the which limits the freedom of reli- sin and vice on every hand, following Paraguay has set aside 2,500 gion and of education to teach in the wake of the oil boom. Later he acres of land about 75 miles the truth, and establish moral noticed one of his countrymen pass by from Asuncion to be used as a principles in the minds of the with a Bible and hymnal in his hand leper colony. Initial plans call people turns back the clock of and saw him enter the Evangelical for the construction of 36 cottime, and invites the return of Church. He thought of the times tages. For this work and for the Dark Ages." when he had buried his arms in de- the cleaning up of the land the cayed oysters in an old hull and government is at present using The Lutheran: "Lutherans of brought up shining pearls; so these Bolivian prisoners. Plans pro- America will not approve the en- human gems, he thought, are reached vide also for the construction of forced displacement of the Chris- by Christ's arms and are brought up a general hospital, a laboratory tian religion by atheism. . . . out of the corruption of sin. and other necessary buildings. We have sympathy for the vic- This will furnish refuge not only tims of Mexican politicians and Federation in Brazil to the lepers in Paraguay, of we believe a godless government which perhaps there are more a dangerous neighbor of our own Progressive efforts tow a r d than 5,000, but also to the many nation." Protestant cooperation have been others on the continent who may made in Brazil during the last 30 be able to go there. The New Outlook, Un i ted years. In 1903 the Brazilian Church of Canada: "A fanatic Evangelical Alliance was organ- Dr. Webster E. Browning, strain marks the group now in ized; in 1910 the Evangelical after a careful survey, estimates power at the Mexican capital, Council of Religious Education that there are more than 75,000 and it is doubtful whether the was formed. As a result of the lepers in South America, not protest of the outside Churches Panama Congress in 1916, the more than 5,000 of whom are will have any salutary effect at Brazilian Committee on Coop- cared for in any institution. the moment. . . . The ineradi- eration in Christian Work was The new colony is under the gencable religious impulses of the formed, one of the most effective eral direction of the council of human heart will ultimately pieces of constructive work yet the medical faculty of the Namean the restoration to the done in Brazil. The Federation tional university, and Dr. John Catholic Church of the free of Evangelical Churches was or- Hay has been named director. exercise of its rights and teach- ganized in 1931. Almost the last ings." work of Rev. Erasmo Braga who -The Christian Century. died in 1932 was to outline in Other periodicals – Rom a n clear terms the sphere of serv- Birth of an Indian Church Catholic, Hebrew and Protestant ice for each of these organiza- -have also voiced vigorous pro- tions. A plan was submitted in The Inland South America tests. December, 1933, to all cooper- Missionary Union reports prog- ating societies, embodying a con- ress in evangelizing the Forest Pearl Fishers of Venezuela stitution for "The Evangelical Indians of South America. Bur- Confederation of BraziL" Five ity is a colony of 400 Terena In- Rev. Donald Turner, of the of these denominational bodies dians, and two years ago Mr. and Orinoco River Mission, has been met in 1934 and approved the Mrs. William Hunrichs spent working among the pearl fishers plan. The two Bible Societies, seven months among them. of Venezuela, with the help of the British and Foreign and the Later, a school was organized. the National Bible Society of American, and several cooper- Except for occasional visits, the Scotland. In the Quarterly Rec- ating societies and foreign mis- work is now in the care of naord of that Society he gives a sion boards likewise gave their tive pastors from Bananal, 100 glimpse of this work. approval. On June 19, the body miles away. was definitely organized. The In the Dio8 Te Salve we sailed for constitution provides that "the This embryonic church is a the pearl fishers' huts along the coast three departments of the Con- missionary force and the memof the Carribean. We had not been federation are as follows: (a) bers have been preaching among out long before we appreciated the The C 0 u n c i I of Evangelical the scattered white farmers, meaning of the boat's name, "May God Churches of Brazil, for the pur- many of whom have accepted the save you." The sailors sighted several pose of publicly representing Gospel. One man, a leader of sharks, one almost as long as our boat. Protestantism and treating of evident strength of character, Soon we landed at Las Maritas. As matters pertaining to inter-ec- tells an amazing story of sufferwe went from one palm hut to another clesiastical relations; (b) the ing from witchcraft and demon offering Scriptures we were given va- Council of Cooperation, whose possession from which he has rious receptions. Some took the litera- object is to attend to general in- been entirely liberated since acture eagerly, saying that they had terests of cooperation in the reread such before and liked the Gospel. Others were indifferent, and said that

cepting the Gospel, brought by ders have been busy planting preserved and continue to funcone of the Indians from the col- tion. ony of Burity. Oriental branches of their or- Because of the difficulty of get- -Amazon Valley Indian. ders. These have adopted the ting money out of Germany to the foreign mission fields, the EUROPE eastern ritual, a thing which is Executive Committee was re- quested to notify the Church German Missions in Difficulty unique in the history of the through the press not to send any gifts for foreign missions to The annual report of the Leip- Catholic Church. Novitiates on Germany. American contribuzig Mission: tors may send gifts to Dr. Ralph the Russian border of Poland H. Long, Director of the Na- "The great changes in State tional Lutheran Council, 39 East and Church in Germany cannot are holding themselves in readi- 35th Street, New York City, and for long leave the missionary so- friends in non-German countries cieties untouched. They too will ness for the coming work in of Europe may send to Dr. Alhave to undergo changes in cer- fred T. Jorgensen, Vendergades tain aspects. With this in mind, Russia. Table lessons are read 28, Copenhagen, Denmark. the leaders of the German missionary societies are endeavor- in four Slav languages by turns The third Lutheran WorId ing to prepare the way for great- Convention will be held in Paris, er unification of the missionary and in the chapel the mass is in October 13-20, 1935. life, but this will not be possible until the Church itself has found Russian, as well as the calenda"r. Protestants in Italy a fixed form. In 1930 the conversions had Protestants, who are also "In a quiet way the Leipzig called Evangelicals, in Italy are and the Neuendettelsau Missions mounted to 300. C. T. B. not so weak numerically as many have taken an important step to- may believe. The government ward closer cooperation at the Lutheran World Convention census of 1911 estimated their home base and to divide all gifts number as 123,000. Since that received for both corporations The annual meeting of the time no religious census has been on the basis of a fixed ratio so as Executive Committee of the taken, but at present one may to prevent rivalry. It is hoped Lutheran World Convention for safely estimate the number of that by means of this collabora- 1934 was held November 12-20 Protestants as 200,000 communition the love of the Bavarian at Munich, Germany. Luther- cants. If we include catechumens, congregations for missions may ans of Munich declared that the sympathizers and other friends, be strengthened. mere appearance of the Execu- this number would be much tive Committee at this time for larger. "The missions are grievously a meeting in Germany was a affected by the contests now tak- source of helpful moral support Mussolini has written to all ing place in the Church and educators in Italy, according to there is danger that the missions to them in view of the issues the Watchman-Examiner, recomwill be ground between the exist- they have to meet. Enthusiasm mending the use of the New ing antitheses." shown by students and profes- Testament as follows: sors at a meeting of the Commit- Roman Catholic Methods tee at the University of Munich All professors and teachers shall attested the support of academic read the New Testament, shall ex- The Evanglisiches Missions- circles; while the farmers of plain this divine book to the children, magazin (Basel) reports on new Bavaria showed where they and see to it that they memorize the missionary methods employed stand when they sent a delega- best passages. This wok shall not be by the Roman Catholic Church. tion to Berlin to confer with Hit- missing in any school library, for it is F. X. Schrenck discusses the ler about pending issues, to ever new throughout the centuries. It question of a coming union be- whom unafraid, they said: "If is the greatest of all books, the most tween the Roman Catholic ''and the choice is between party and necessary of all books, because it is the Greek Orthodox Churches. ' church, although we have hither- divine. The national government de- to been loyal members of your sires by it tQ capture the children, and Pope Benedict XV founded a party, we choose the Church, for through them the soul of the Italian -p a par congregation separate we must obey God rather than people, for the discovery of the sure from the Propaganda, for the man." way which will lead the Fatherland Oriental churches. Next, Pius to the worthiest and truest greatness. XI founded the "Oriental Insti- The physical and spiritual distute" for the cultivation of ori- tress of Russian Lutherans, and Peasant Youth Movement ental sciences. In 1928 occurred the crisis upon Austrian Protesthe founding of the Russian Col- tants were considered. Other Last summer, in a small Eslege in Rome, the school for fu- vital problems were the plight of thonian village, the first conferture missionaries. minority Christian churches in ence of the Student Christian Rumania, and of most churches Movement in Esthonia was or- The most striking recent de- in the smaller countries border- ganized for the Russian peasant velopment is that occidental or- ing on Soviet Russia, from Fin- youth of that country. land on the North to the Black The response was extraor- Sea and Rumania on the South. The success of the Protestant movement in Ukrainia, already mentioned in the REVIEW, was ground for real encouragement.

Important missions i'n India, China and Africa, f 0 u n d e d through Lutheran Missionary Societies in Germany, have been

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

dinary. There were about 70 Symbolic Substitution year before. So it proved, when members present, of whom If present plans mature, by all the gifts came in. more than 50 were Russian -Woman's Missionary peasants, boys and girls, who 1937 ltussia will have a colossal Magazine. came from various parts of Es- symbol of the substitution of the thonia. Subjects discussed in- religion of communism for the Missionary Becomes an cluded: the Soul of the Russian religion of Christ, and of the Ethiopian Nation; Religion and Culture; the Life and Beliefs of Youth in deification of Lenin for the wor- Dr. Tom Lambie, well-known Soviet Russia, and Science and ship of God. Ground was broken medical missionary of the Sudan Religion. Daily church services last summer and construction Interior Mission, who worked were attended by large numbers was begun for the "Palace of the among Ethiopians for 30 years of peasants. Soviets," in Moscow, to occupy under the United Presbyterian Church, has decided that he can As a result of this conference the site where formerly stood the best present the Christian mesa Russian Christian Peasant world famous Cathedral of the sage by becoming an Ethiopian Youth M 0 vern e n t has been Saviour. It was demolished by citizen. Accordingly he has created, which has as its object: dynamite by government decree taken the oath of allegiance to shortly before Christmas three years ago. The structure will 1. To help its members to build their house the Soviet Congress, vari- His Majesty, Heila Selassie. private lives and the life of the Community on the foundation of Christian ous departments of government "Because of my love for Ethitruths. and two immense amphitheatres. opia," says Dr. Lambie, "because The building is planned to rise to 2. To organize missionary w 0 r k of my sincere desire to help her, among the unbelieving peasant youth. a height of 1,100 feet, 112 feet and because I believe that ac- 3. To assist one another in spiritual higher than the Empire State quiring Ethiopian citizenship is and cultural development. Building, so as to form a mighty the best thing I can do to further pedestal for a statue of Lenin the ends for which I have On the Polish-Russian Frontier that will rise 260 feet higher. worked for nearly 30 years, I do -Missions. now voluntarily become an Ethi- Rev. K. J. Jaroszewicz, as a opian citizen. representative of the Union of AFRICA Churches of Christ, spent the "I realize that there is an elepast summer in Poland and on Blind Evangelis,t's Faith ment of risk; that no matter what happens to me, I cannot apthe Russian border. The 40 con- Maallim Aziz, a blind evan- peal for American protection or ferences held were great evan- gelist in Assiut, Egypt, who died assistance, even in a matter of gelistic gatherings at which 100,- last year, was a man of unusual life or death, but I am prepared 000 heard the Gospel. Hunger character and influence. His work was akin to that of a Bible- to take that risk if it might be for the Word is best described woman; being blind, he could true, that to the Ethiopians I by the following incident which visit in the homes, and visit he might become as an Ethiopian, was a typical experience. that I might win the Ethiopians Arriving at Pinsk very late Satur- did with great faithfulness. He to Christ. day night, the local preacher tried to had a singular disregard for "To our friends in America hide us from the crowd which was al- money. One family was so apready on hand for the meetings of the preciative of his work that they and elsewhere, I need hardly add next day. He told the people that insisted he should make them a that I venture the hope that rethey could remain in the chapel over weekly visit for which they lationships •with them will be night, to sing, pray, talk and read the would pay him a dollar a month. even closer than ever. It will Bible, and that the first meeting would After a while he felt he was not not prevent visiting America start early in the morning. free to follow God's leading in whenever we wi.sh. As Paul the use of his time owing to this writes to the Philippians, our We went into the barn on the hay engagement. "I am a poor citizenship in in heaven from to try to get some sleep, but by the man," he said. My communion whence also we look for a Savtime we had nicely fixed ourselves the with God is the only treasure I iour." visitors discovered where we were. have. I cannot afford to give it These exclamations followed: "We up for a dollar." -United Presbyterian. have been waiting so long for you. It is not right that you should lie down In 1932 it seemed impossible A Missionary's Interruptions in sleep .while we have been waiting that the 'Assiut Thank-Offering three years for you!" There was noth- could equal that of the previous Those who offer prayers for ing to do but to climb out of the hay year in view of the financial de- missionaries should petition that and go to the chapel and preach to they may keep their poise in the them. When our host came in the midst of interruptions. A mismorning to call us we were in the chapel still. He took us home and gave us a little breakfast and about two hours of rest. The first service pression, and plans were made sionary in West Africa who sat started at 8 a. m. and closed at 1 p. m., for curtailing the work. Then with a full hundred converts. Aziz asked that such plans be down on a "normal" morning to type a letter home mentions the Everywhere one plea stood held in abeyance, saying he had following interruptions which out above the rest. It was for long been praying that the of- occurred before the letter was Bibles and missionaries. fering would not be less than the finished:

(1) An old faithful Christian comes out assistance from the Church WESTERN ASIA to discuss the boundary of his farm; Missionary Society. the local king is not settling the ques- The New Palestine tion as he should. (2) Two sawyers New Church in Tanganyika who have supplied timber for the While ancient Palestine may crafts come for payment and haggle The town which is, or will soon still be seen, a new Palestine for half an hour. (3) A deputation become the most important town with modern roads, farms and comes twelve miles to discuss the sit- on the east coast of Africa is factories is gradually emerging, uation caused by the death of the late Dar-es-Salaam, seat of govern- a transformation due to the comchief, and the difficulties arising from ment of Tanganyika Territory. ing of Jewish immigrants from the three claimants to the office. (4) The Episcopal Mission forces Europe and America. The J ew- A smaller deputation wants to know have just com pIe ted a new ish popUlation of Palestine has why their pupil teacher has been taken church there, for which the doubled in ten years. There are away, and requires proof that one can- Bishop of Zanzibar has been col- today more than 150 Jewish setnot have what one does not pay for. lecting funds for many years, tlements. Agriculture is being (5) I am called to the District Officer's from both Europeans and Afri- modernized, commerce stimucourt, where a young teacher is be- cans. The new church will be lated, and factories are built. ing prosecuted for libeling another used by both groups, in separate The country now claims fourth teacher. (6) The head master of the services, English and Swahili. place in the world market for lower middle school comes in with a The opening service was at- oranges. The Jordan's rapid question. (7) A youth who complains tended by the Governor and waters supply the country with that he is ill has to have his tempera- many other dignitaries, English electric energy, and even the ture taken and a dose administered. and African, and the form of Dead Sea yields through a scien- (8) Two ladies come to stay the week- service was printed in two lan- tific exploitation of its chemicals end, and to hold meetings. guages. Zanzibar is one of four a yearly income of millions of dioceses making up the field of dollars. The great majority of -C. M. S. Outlook. the Universities Mission to Cen- these Jews have little or no in- tral Africa. terest in religion; many openly African Enterprise declare their radical atheism. "Dorkasy" Society The story of two instances of – Watchman-Examiner. initiative comes from Kabete dis- The woman of Madagascar trict in Kenya. A school was has attained wide freedom; she In the Land of Bashan burned by a man who had op- reigns in her home, equally with posed the teaching of the Gospel. her husband, who often seeks her Mr. Arthur T. Upson who has Work was suspended for only advice. She also holds the fam- had a long experience in distribone day; on the second day it re- ily purse. uting Christian literature, espeopened under the trees where cially among Moslems, is now livfor some weeks school and serv- Attached to a I m 0 s t every ing in Nazareth. He recently ices were held. Meanwhile re- church is a Dorkasy, which is made a trip to the territory of building started almost at once. what the name suggests-a sew- Og, king of Bashan, lying in The Christian elders of the ing society. M e e tin g s are eastern Syria. In his account of church each offered what he usually held once a week to sew the trip he says: could towards the rebuilding- and work for the poor, and to one offered to give wattle trees, prepare for an annual sale of I preached in Arabic ten times in another stone, another nails, work, quite an elaborate affair. all, and in the various villages made others free labor. They then At these weekly meetings a short careful distribution of portions to sent a letter to all the other service is frequently held. These selected persons. On arriving at the churches in the Kab.ete district, societies each have their own house in a Druze village where the asking for help by work and by president, secretary and treas- meeting was to be held we found a gifts. In six weeks they had urer. Besides the weekly pay- very large room which easily accomraised a fund of over £15, suffi- ment which each member is sup- modated our audience of 60 or 70 percient to guarantee a better build- posed to pay, there are many sons. In the old Syrian style, a whole ing than the original. items of expense to be entered house consists of one such large room. week by week. Each Dorkasy No chairs, bedsteads, etc., are to be In another district there was is responsible for the expendi- found in these villages. Preacher and no church or school nearer than ture of its own money, and many hearers alike recline on rugs, some about six miles. A Christian causes receive assistance_ from supporting themselves on the right elder gave a plot of land and all them. The native missionary so- arm which rests on a pile of cushions. the wattle trees necessary for a ciety is helped twice a year; The audience formed three sides of a school-church, and undertook there are twenty-two native mis- square, facing us on the fourth side. full responsibility for the Sun- sionaries in the heathen parts of day services as soon as the the island, and the native church In one town, where three services church should be built. Every has supported this work for were held, a descendant of one of the school in the district gave its many years. -The Chronicle. old high Syrian families-now a fairly services and helped to build, and poor man-was given a copy of the when it was ready to be opened "Way of Salvation." Next night he there were sufficient funds in came again and told us he was sick of hand to equip it with a teacher a sinful life and wished to find the for one year. Both these proj- way of salvation. After the service ects were carried through with- we talked and prayed with him and his wife. At our third visit–a few days later-he told of his new joy in

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

finding Christ and that he now offers Great Britain's Inter – Varsity menial tasks, such as tending to a little family prayer with his wife. Fellowship, with two Indian the cattle, pounding the grain graduates, is m a kin g a six and sweeping the house. But -Scripture Gift Mission months' tour of the colleges, not she was a real Christian, and News. to start branches of the Fellow- these high caste people watching ship in India, but to share with her, were won by her faithful- Armenian Bible Centenary the students the experience of ness. The young woman who students in other parts of the led them to Christ and the girl A unique celebration among world who, having come into of the caste family have just enanniversaries and centennials vital touch with the Living tered the Bible Training School was held in New York City, De- Christ, are putting their shoul- in Nellore to train for definite cember 9. The year 1934 is re- ders to the missionary task. service. The caste girl is about garded as the 1500th anniver- twenty years old. She was marsary of the translation of the Proportion of Missionaries ried at the age of seven, and her whole Bible into Armenian. In husband died when she was nine. 434 A. D., two vigorous Arme- The United Church Record She is in the school, eating, sleepnians, Mesrop, tea c her and gives the percentage of mission- ing and living with those of the priest; and Sahak, a Patriarch, aries to the population of India. depressed classes." with the help of others, completed this first translation. BOMBAY PRESIDENCY: – Watchman-Examiner. They also inspired the translation of other works, stimulated One missionary to every 37,575 In- Pasumalai's Growth education, and brought about a dian population. renaissance of national religious Lloyd Lorbeer, manager of the and intellectual life that has in- UNITED PROVINCES: Congregational Training School fluenced all the varied history of at Pasumalai, writes that enrol- Armenia and the Armenians. One missionary to every 66,956 In- ment increased to 912 last year, The recent celebration was spon- dian population. and the increase was largely sored by the American Bible So- Hindu and Moslem. Parents ciety. -The Living Church. CENTRAL PROVINCES: appreciate more and more the home for their children where INDIA One missionary to every 42,639 In- they are surrounded twenty-four dian population. hours a day with a wholesome re- Need for Forward Movement ligious environment; there is no PUNJAB: caste or communal distinction. Red terror which oppresses Girls are increasing in numbers China is not lacking in India. One missionary to every 60,690 In- and in participation in school af- The Central Government has dian population. fairs, and eight of the forty-five warned provincial authorities to teachers are women. More boys take swift and stern action, and BURMA: are working to earn part of their Calcutta leads with mass demon- expenses, and work is being strations to strengthen the hands One missionary to ev~ry 37,700 In- looked upon more as a privilege. of authority. A more urgent, dian population. An ever larger portion of the evangelistic presentation of financial support is coming from Christianity to meet India's pres- MADRAS: Indian sources and the school ent need is the subject of impor- has become thoroughly indigetant articles in the Indian press. One missionary to every 41,124 In- nous. -Missionary Herald. Mass movements also are crit- dian population. ically surveyed, and the conclu- Roadside Dispensaries sion is reached that unless the CEYLON: converts receive systematic in- In a radio address, Dr. Ida struction and Church care after One missionary to every 32,973 In- Scudder told of the roadside disbaptism their value to the dian population. pensary work undertaken by the Church is largely negatived. At medical force in Vellore to meet Landour, the United Church of RAJPUTANA: the great need of neighboring Canada, American Presbyterian villages. This was begun in Mission, and the Methodist Epis- One missionary to every 14,363 In- 1909. copal Mission have been in con- dian population. ference, discussing the principles The people had been informed that of the indigenous expansion of CENTRAL INDIA: at an appointed time the following the Church. Practically all In- week medicines would be dispensed dian missions are grappling with One missionary to every 75,171 In- and anyone needing medical help the problem of bringing Indian dian population. would receive it-but the person must Christians to a realization of be along the roadside and hold up a their responsibility for evangel- However, these figures do not bottle if help were desired. The folizing their own people. tell the whole story, since half of lowing week we started forth in a the missionaries are engaged in one cylinder motor car-the only one Dr. Howard Guinness, of medical, educational and indus- at that time in our vicinity. The road trial work, thus giving to each was lined for its twenty-eight miles evangelistic missionary twice the number of population above specified.

Servant Wins Caste Family "On the Vinukonda fie I d, South India, there is a Kamma family which became Christian about two years ago, and are proof of the power of God," writes Florence Rowland, Bap- tist missionary of Ramapatnam. "They had had in their home an outcaste Christian, who did the

with the sick stretching forth their They readily grasped the essen- tion of a more Christian organbottles. In one way it was amusing, at the same time very pathetic. It tials of orderly debate. ization of the Chinese economic The chief problems w h i c h system, missionaries in Nanking showed the distress and the necessity for such help. After that trip, nine faced the conference were (1) are undertaking a new experi- stopping places were planned under the supply of the Tibetan min- ment. Silk weavers, thrown out great over-spreading trees where the sick could gather and wait for the istry, (2) the augmentation of of work by changing conditions, medical motor car. Now each week the staff of evangelists, (3) the are being taught to weave wool; the blind, the lame, the diseased of all reestablishing of the West Hima- and in addition to the technical kinds and the lepers are waiting for laya Local Board, (4) the revi- training a cooperative society of us. They come in hundreds, and the sion of rules and regulations the workers is being formed to days are filled with extreme activity. which grew out of past experi- share the profits. A further de- ence gathered since the last field velopment of the cooperative We meet diseases, the description of which do not seem to appear in our medical books of the West. Often conference of 192'0. idea was the organization of slight operations are done along the roadside-even to the extent of giving The growth of the church ih ricksha men, resulting in a chloroform for the worst cases. The the direction of a keener sense greatly improved e con 0 m i c very sick are treated and told to wait of responsibility, the desire for status for these lowly workers.

until evening when the ambulance will a workable machinery of church When the kind of organization return and take them to the hospital. So urgent has been the demand for government, and the urge for best suited to each situation has greater unity in church life off- been worked out on a small scale, this medical aid that at present we are covering four roads instead of set the meager numerical results it can be duplicated all over one. of long years of strenuous work China. It will be an effective Aged Convert in Mysore among these people. The keen challenge to Communism. The interest, and intelligent partici- program is to get college grad- Mr. Neilson, of Mysore City, pation in the debates, and the uates, men and women, to give unity of purpose among Tibetan tells of an Indian Christian from Christians presented a hopeful two years or more of their lives Dehra Dun, United Provinces, outlook for the future. eighty years old, who testifies to to going into these areas and livhaving been a convert from Is- -Moravian Missions. lam for the past fifty years. He ing very close to the people to Malayan Mission Jubilee was formerly a cloth merchant, find out their needs and then reand gave up his business in order Methodists in Malaya cele- brated the Jubilee of Methodist port higher up. From this exto travel through India preach- periment it is hoped a more ef- fective Christian civilization will emerge. -World Call.

ing and singing the Gospel in work in Singapore, Straits Set- Communists Active Urdu. Several opportunities of tlement in January. This miswitnessing for Christ were afforded him in Mysore. His re- sion was founded by Bishop A recrudescence of commumarkable memory, so abundantly James M. Thoburn. Bishop W. nist trouble is reported from the F. Oldham, the first Anglo-Chistored with Scripture verses (in nese School in Singapore, the diocese of Kwangsi-Hunan. The fact he claims to have memo- pioneer of a group of schools situation became so threatening that the Chinese clergy of the rized the entire Bible in Urdu) which now enroll 15,000 pupils has earned for him the title of C. M. S. asked all missionaries "Hafiz-i-Bible," w hi c h means was founded by Bishop W. F. (to leave for a time. Similar "One who has the whole Bible by Oldham who was pastor of the heart." His preaching, inter- first Methodist Church in Ma- troubles in Fukien prevented spersed by snatches of song, was laya, which now numbers 132 some missionaries from returnenjoyed by s eve r a I indoor churches. A forthcoming his- ing after their holidays. At groups; and it is hoped that this, Loyuan the hospital was looted, and his street message will find tory of Methodism's development and in the country districts a place in Moslem hearts. in Singapore will cover various phases of the work, including the around Lienkong the bishop -Fellowship of Faith for generous cooperation of the Chi- says, "A regular Soviet govern- nese; the devoted labors of In- ment has been set UP, with Sov- iet stamps, etc., and the redivi- Moslems. dian and Chinese pastors and sion of the land has actually been laymen; the missionaries who carried out. It may be some West Himalaya Field have carried the Good News to time before normal conditions laborers on distant rubber es- are restored."-The Christian. The future of the Moravian tates, to the Sakai aborigines, Mission in Western Tibet was and to thousands of Asiatic Eng- The General Tours the discussed at a field conference at lish-speaking people. Provinces . Leh last August. In recent years -The Christian Advocate. Tibetan Christians have devel- General Chiang Kai-shek and oped a keener sense of constitu- CHINA Madame Chiang have recently tional church government, so that they are in a better position New Task for Missions made an extensive itinerary, fly- ing to the widely scattered prothan formerly to legislate for the Feeling that the cooperative vincial cap ita I s throughout future church of Christ in Tibet. principle is one step in the direc- China, and other cities of com-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

mercial and strategic impor- ological Seminary. It has grown a victrola with both Western and tance, in order to form closer under his leadership until there Chinese records is very popular contacts with the people. Five is now a congregation of 1,000 and the game of skittles is their years ago this would not have who meet every Sunday morning great delight. Reclining wicker been possible; the fact that the for an hour of reverential wor- chairs furnish a place to relax or general can now travel all over ship. All are earnest, eager stu- sleep, and a Chinese nurse looks China, without a bodyguard to dents from as many as six of the after the simpler medical needs. defend him against assassination schools in Swatow. Not only are In addition, "Thousand Characby rival war lords, is evidence of they deeply interested in this ter" lessons are provided, enprogress. They were enthusias- hour of worship, but they gear abling the coolie to lift himself tically received wherever they their religious enthusiasm to va- to the possibility of a better powent, and showed a deep interest rious projects to help Christian- sition. in the Christian movement. ize the community life. They explicitly sought to enlist -The Presbyterian Banner. An unforeseen development Christians in the "New Life has been the influx of children Movement" which is seeking to National Churches who come to listen to the music. enlist China's 400,000,000 people To keep the Shelter freed for the in a program which is in har- The National Christian Coun- men, the workers have contrived mony with Christian ideals, al- cil of China issues a Bulletin a Children's Hour with Bible though it makes no definite men- which gives some up-to-date fig- stories, music and games. tion of Christianity. ures in regard to Chinese Chris- tians. There are four national -The Living Church. -The Presbyterian Banner. churches: Anglican with 32,390 communicants; Lutheran with Women's Practical Service The Christian Drive in 1934 23,930; Presbyterian with 22,- 701 and Church of Christ (Un- The Women and Girls' Mis- The Chinese Recorder sums up ion) 119,746. In addition there sionary Service League has the achievements on evangelistic are numerous mission stations branches in the eleven dioceses lines during 1934. In general, maintained by missionary soci- of China. It was started about there have been many cam- eties whose headquarters are in thirteen years ago and is similar paigns of evangelism throughout Australia, England, America, to the Mothers' Union, with parthe churches. There has been an Canada, Germany, Nor way, ticular emphasis on the winning indigenous revival movement in Sweden, Denmark and Finland. o f non-Christians. Eve r y Shantung,-a movement within The China Inland Mission has Wednesday afternoon the M. S. Christian circles in China. The 77,277 baptized Christians; in L. members meet for Bible read- Bethel Band, a group of Chinese the missions of the British, Ca- ing and prayer, with a social evangelists, visited between Au- nadian, American and European hour. Requests for prayer and gust, 1930 and January, 1934, 91 Societies there are almost 400,- praise are given out and encourlarge cities, including the largest 000. The Lutheran Church in age many to pray and to witness. in population. In the same peri- China, known as "Sin I Hui," These meetings are attended by od they organized a total of 777 has 63 stations maintained by church workers, Bible women, Gospel teams throughout the ten churches and societies in oth- and volunteers; they are open country. Though linked with a er lands. In these missions there to any church member, whether foreign mission group the work are 326 missionaries, 58 Chinese rich or poor, educated or not edis thoroughly indigenous; its clergymen and 23,390 communi- ucated. leaders are all educated, its in-' cants. fluence is growing. The Oxford Each member is invited to Group Movement in China has Adventure in Brotherhood contribute at least one article to registered large growth in 1934. the annual sale usually held a Its main promotors have been The j inricksha coolie has a month before Christmas. This missionaries, although Chinese bitter lot. Underfed, exposed to sale realizes from $1,000 to $2,- are responding in many places. extremes of weather, exploited 000, and the proceeds are divided The Five Year Movement, clos- and despised, it is small wonder among the most pressing needs ing in 1934, has helped deepen his average life of service is only of the diocese, such as rent of the con sci 0 usn e s s of the 15 years. Unable to remain in- mission hall, training and supchurches as to their mission. different to the hard lot of these port of Bible women, and care of Lastly, In 1934 a Christian cam- men and boys-some begin at the sick. . paign for spiritual and moral the age of 10-the Protestant upbuilding among the youth of Episcopal Mission in Auking One League member holds a China was launched. opened a Ricksha Shelter a year children's service in her home ago to provide recreation, shel- once a week; others go into Chinese Youth Church ter, and rest to many tired men. heathen homes and teach the In winter a coal fire is provided Gospel. -C. M. S. Gleaner. S w a tow has a "Youth where the men can dry their wet Church," built up by Dr. D. H. garments and warm themselves; Suppom for Christian Colleges Zi, a graduate of Hartford The- hot tea is theirs for the asking; The China Colleges is the name of a new pUblication put out by the Associated Boards for

Christians Colleges in China. In ship and all the neighbors, in- ,JAPAN-CHOSEN its second issue it describes the vited and uninvited, drop in, too, way in which the Chinese are be- to see the excitement. By this A Positive Attitude ginning to share in the support system the family and friends at of Christian colleges. least discover what "family wor- Rev. L. C. M. Smythe was ship" is like. From this the cus- deeply impressed by two special For some time the national govern- tom has grown up during the meetings which he attended in ment has been quietly making a study last two years that any special Tokyo, and records the impresof all the universities and colleges in occasion be celebrated with a sion in the Christian Observer. China, apart from the government in- special meal and a family worstitutions, to determine which of them, ship service. It has increased These meetings were not nearly as in this time of economic stress, are very much the interchange of in- large as many I have seen here, one most worthy of public endorsement vitations among the church being of about 600 people and the othand support. A few weeks ago it an- women, and drawn them closer er perhaps half as many. But they nounced that it would this year grant to one another in the common were one hundred per cent; Japanese, $720,000, silver, to a selected list of purpose of penetrating more ef- and local. No missionary had anythirty-two institutions. All the uni- fectively their own homes and thing to do with getting them up, nor versities and colleges in the Associ- neighborhoods with the Good was any outside financial help or outated Boards are included in the list, News. side speaker obtained; the local and together will receive $232,000. churches and local pastors did the The National Government has recent- Children's Day in Soochow whole thing. Each meeting was adly turned over to the University of dressed by five men, pastors or lay- Nanking the first half of its gift of China has a National Chil- men, each speaking twenty minutes. $200,000, silver, for a new library dren's Day, and last year schools, Every man had something to say and building, and will soon be paying the churches, cit y organizations, said it. These were all Christian remainder. Nanking also receives shops, theaters, banks, news- speeches, from a Japanese viewpoint, from Chinese sources about $80,000 a papers, orphanages and factories without any compromise, declaring year for the support of its work in in Soochow-all did their best to that Christianity was Christianity and agriculture. make "Happiness for Children." not to be changed and accommodated to prevailing national needs; one man Revival in Shensi The program emphasized two declaring that Japan's mission to the phases of child life, public enter- world was to let Christianity work in The general secretary of the tainment and home life. In con- Japan, leaven the Japanese spirit, and Church of Christ in China, Dr. sidering the former, the question then give that to the world. One man C. Y. Cheng, with a team of as- of movies was the first to come brought out the fact that the Kingdom sociates recently concluded a re- up; a committee called on the of God is international and universal, treat in the far interior province manager of the Soochow Theater that no one nation can be saved withof Shensi among the churches of and was able to get the promise out all the others being saved, and the synod in that province. In of three performances for a very that when the Kingdom comes the one of the centers, 700 have been small cover charge. There were world becomes a great family of God.' baptized during the last 12 twelve hundred children packed months and 600 enquirers are at in for each performance on each Campaign for Aoyama Gakuin present in the course of training, of the three days. The Bureau preparatory to baptism. The of Public Safety sent six extra A year ago Aoyama Gakuin in membership has increased in policemen to protect the children Tokyo set out to raise 500,000 that one place 1000/0. During the from the traffic jam. yen, of which America was to three days conference, everyone supply 200,000. The Japanese of these 700 new communicants For the other phase of the soon found that in addition to and 500 old timers, 1,200 in all, program, "The Child in the their own three-fifths, they must were in attendance. Home," there was a complete ex- raise the American quota as well hibit at the Kong Hong Church -and they resolved to do it. The -The Presbyterian Banner. open each afternoon from two manager of the campaign was a to six o'clock, with lectures from Y. M. C. A. secretary, who gave Lunch and Family Prayers three to four. The child's desk, 'up a better salary to do the job. bookcase, magazine rack, books, He was a skillful organizer, but The typical Chinese woman of pictures, curtains, the well-se- the secret of his success was his the lower middle class has her lected toys and a place to put unceasing and importunate social contacts, except those in them, the games, a blackbeard prayer. The Christian Advocate the family, entirely with wom- to catch the marks that often reports that four-fifths of the en, as the man has his with men, mar the walls, blocks, tables, total has been pledged, mostly in the tea shops and in the rear and chairs – all gave valuable by Japanese, and there was a of small stores. The "Five-Year suggestions to the hundreds of fair prospect that the campaign Movement" has emphasized the parents seeking helps in develop- would go over the top with nuimportance of "family worship" ing their children into the best merous SUbscriptions, large and in the home. Many women can- of citizens. -World Outlook. small, from Japanese business not bring their families to see men who attended the school; a the value of this, so they begin fact which reveals the lasting inby inviting in a few Christian fluence of the school upon the friends for lunch, after which lives of its students. everyone gathers for family wor- Morale Must Be Maintained The usual amount for repairs allowed by business firms in J a-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

pan is three per cent of the prop- two or three children's relief in- resenting many local societies in erty value. The Episcopal Mis- stitutions in the famine district, the churches of the Province, sion in Kyoto tries to get along and in addition to find as many adopted a constitution and with six-tenths of one per cent Christian families as possible agree to work for an extension for repairs, because of reduced who will take in girls in danger of information and interest in appropriation. But the moral of being sold into a life of vice. every church. Seventeen of the effect of neglect and delay is fifty places of worship reported. serious. "You know the spirit of -The Christian Century. Many important plans were the people here," one missionary made, looking toward deeper wrote after the last typhoon. Survey of Korea's Christian spirituality and larger service. "Repairs begin the moment the Population earthquake stops and the wind – Watchman-Examiner. falls. There is no despair. Anti- Korean Christians reported Christian papers are telling of the following figures at the jubi- Revising the Register America going communist and lee of the Presbyterian Mission churches going out of business in Korea: A recent checking was made and foreign missions b e i n g of the parish register for St. stopped; so we must show that Korean m e m b e r s of all Anne's Mission, Besao, and its we mean to go on." churches outstations, in the Philippine Islands. The staff devoted the Church for Deaf and Dumb Oriental Missionary Society. . 2,332 school vacation period to going Seventh Day Adventists …. 3,084 over everyone of the 2,027 Mr. K. Takahashi, graduate of English Church Mission …. 6,548 names on the register and ended North Japan College, has taught Salvation Army ………… 6,927 with but fifteen unidentified aftfor 20 years in an Osaka school Methodist Church ………. 19,555 er combing twenty or more surfor the blind, deaf and dumb. Presbyterian Church ……. 103,302 rounding villages for informa- Ten years ago the school was di- tion. Native names are readily vided, and Mr. Takahashi was (73,657 connected with N. P. Missions) changed, and the same child may made principal of the school for sometimes, innocently appear the deaf and dumb. About 300 Non-Roman Total …… 141,748 twice for baptism. Deaths were children are enrolled. A church Roman Catholic ………… 127,643 not always reported. Parents has been erected adjoining the were usually not Christian, godcampus, where preaching is done (Including Baptized Children) parents were sometimes inacby signs, and singing by posture. tive, and the numbers were too It is the first and only deaf and Total …………….. 269,391 many for the few pastors to care dumb church in Japan. for In addition to this communi- Mr. Takahashi is one of the cant membership there is the Besao church people are now most prominent Christians in great body called "Other Adher- being card-indexed as well as Osaka and is in demand as a lec- ents" which includes catechu- registered, and as the staff of naturer before teachers' and par- mens, who are enrQlled and re- tive catechists slowly increases, ents' meetings. He keeps in close ceive regular instruction; bap- the work will become more satistouch with the parents, as well tized children, also enrolled and factory. as with the children after their under instruction; also those graduation from the school. He who, while not on the roll, are They Use Their Heads often arranges marriages for known as Christians-most of them. -Outlook of Missions. them members of the families of Enrolment at Damaguete Bi- those already enrolled. In 1932- ble School is larger than ever, Christian Work for Children 33 (the 1933-34 figures are not and scholarship standards stead- yet finished) they numbered, in ily rise. From the mountain One of the most outstanding the Methodist and Presbyterian tribes of Luzon, once head-hunpieces of public service yet Churches, 218,565. While there ters, have come two students to undertaken by organized Chris- are not so many in the other the Dumaguete Bible School, tianity was that decided upon by bodies, their total must be well Philippine Islands. Both were the National Christian Council over 230,000. We therefore have high s c h 0 0 I valedictorians. on behalf of destitute children in Korea today, in a population When they finish they will rein the famine area of Northeast of roughly 20 millions, not less turn as the first Christian pas- Japan. This was at the sug- than half a million known Chris- tors to their people. Seven jungestion of Mr. Kagawa, whose tians. There are thousands iors in this school are doing trial original pro p 0 s a I was that more, once identified with the work out in the country. They united Protestantism place a Church, who have moved to vil- are meeting all sorts of opposithousand children in Christian lages where there is no church tion, says Miss M. Alice Towne. homes throughout the empire organization, and yet they are One lad after working hard to and support them for a period faithful. -Stanley Soltau. get a chapel had it broken into of from six months to one year. and desecrated. Two girls are in It was later decided to establish ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC the mountains living on $1 a month, plus a little food. Often Philippine W. C. U.

During the summer of 1934, the Women's Christian Union of Iloilo Province, P. I., was organ- ized. More than 250 women, rep-

they have only rice and corn to Java. After allowing for Chris- sionaries of the Am e ric an eat. One teaches first grade with tians in Java who have come Board. About 1,000 people as- a single book. They fill every from outside, such as Chinese sembled about the monument minute of the day and evening Christians and those of animis- which marks the spot where with activities in the village. tic origin from Celebes or other these men laid down their lives -American Board News. islands, there remain in Java for the Master. 60,000 Christian church mem- A representative of the Dutch Practical Peace Proposal bers who are all of Islamic ori- Government, expressed fine ap- gin. Either they or their fathers preciation of the influence of From the Philippines comes a or grandfathers were converts Christian missions. single peace proposal. The suggestion is that nations pair off from Islam. Of these, rather Seven men who are descendtheir citizens and exempt them ants of the village group refrom fighting in any war which more than two-thirds are con- sponsible for the tragedy a hunmay be declared between two nected with the Dutch Protes- dred years ago are leaders in the nations, as legislators on oppos- tant and Calvinistic Missions, Batak Christian church. ing sides of a bill pair off when they prefer not to vote. and the remainder with the Ro- -Missionary Herald.

The idea was born on Armis- man Catholics. MISCELLANEOUS tice Day, 1933, at a meeting of A new venture, the result of Moslems and Christians held to Dr. Grenfell Meets Dr. pray for peace. Among the sign- a carefully thought out policy, Schweitzer ers are twelve Sultans, and nearly two hundred Sheiks, Hadjis, was tried at Malang, where ten In Edinburgh last November, Imams, Panditas and guros as years ago there were no Chris- Sir Wilfred Grenfell of Labrawell as over a thousand other dor and Dr. Albert Schweitzer Moslems. There also appear the tians. A hospital, schools and a of Equatorial Africa met at a names of 200 Christian Filipi- theological school were built. A luncheon arranged by Dr. G. F. nos, 20 Americans, 18 Chinese, Barbour Simpson. Everyone and four Japanese. This propo- considerable number of Chris- present felt the dramatic elesal has been sent to kings and tians migrated there, especially ment in the meeting of these two presidents of forty-five nations, as workers in the hospital. The Christian pioneers. Dr. Simpson and to Pope Pius XI. afterward remarked: "I could number of Christians in Malang only compare the occasion with -Missionary Herald. and the neighborhood has now that famous meeting between Livingstone and Stanley." Dr. Sturdy Christians in Samoa reached 500, and there are about Schweitzer and Sir Wilfred fifty adult baptisms every year. talked together for two hours, Evangelistic work is carried on, under the direction of the mis- sionaries, by Javanese pastors and by students of the theologi- cal school. -Nation Christian Council Review.

The Church in Samoa, insti- The Dyaks of Borneo each growing enthusiastic about tuted by the London Missionary the other's work in such differ- Society, is a great missionary C. R. Deibler of the Alliance ent climatic conditions.

organization. Two hundred Mission writes in The Pioneer: Samoans are ordained ministers During the last four months I have "I Want a Christian Injection" in charge of churches in which there are 8,000 members and had the joy of baptizing 628 Dyaks, At. the annual meeting of the 30,000 other adherents. Samoan the privilege of establishing three new Mission to Lepers a missionary people are habitually lavish in churches, the opportunity of preach- told of a woman who was willing sharing their possessions. They ing to hundreds of Dyaks who heard are exceeded by none in sponta- the Gospel for the first time, and the to walk twenty miles to a misneous generosity, contributing realization of a cherished desire to sion station and twenty miles not only to the support of the witness to the Dyak of the heart of back to get her injection when home church, but to other mis- Borneo. Besides these, I have had a she could have had it near where sions also. regular ministry among the Dyak she lived. "I want a Christian Christians, and now the joy of begin- injection," was her remark, and A· joyous celebration of the ning construction on the first Dyak Centenary in 1930 included the church building. However, what has you know there is a difference dedication, free of debt, of a new already been accomplished is as noth- between an injection adminischurch costing £7,000. ing compared with what is yet to be tered by a Christian and that done. Dyaks come in canoes to convey done by someone who is merely -The Chronicle. me to their villages to teach them of paid for it; a difference in the Christ, and often I must send them back with a promise to come as soon touch and the hand that is be- as possible.

Christianity in Java Honoring Christian Martyrs hind it, animated by a heart that is radiating the love of Christ.

J ava's population is over 40,- The Rhenish missionaries in That woman had come twenty 000,000 and with a few excep- Sumatra held an impressive me- miles and was willing to walk tions all are Moslems. Until the morial service on the centenary twenty miles back in order to get last few years, a third of all the of the martyrdom of Samuel a "Christian injection."

pilgrims to Mecca came from Munson and Henry Lyman, mis- -Conquest by Healing.

'~II====~========================~I'~

Our Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information Recent Developments in German through the deviations from Lu- Japanese freely opened their Protestantism. By Otto Piper. 48. hearts to him, and officials and Student Christian Movement Press. ther's theology, through the war- people respected and honored London. 1934. him. After forty years of serv- time experience of Germany and ice he and his equally devoted The Church Controversy in Germany. wife returned to America in By Andera Nygren. 28. 6d. Stu- the post-war reaction. He then 1928 as honorably retired mis- dent Christian Movement Press. sionaries of the Presbyterian London. 1934. interprets the theological cur- Church in the U. S. A. In this small but important book, which The courageous struggle of rents in contemporary Germany, he says is "no disguised attempt at biography," Dr. Pie r son German pastors against coercion emphasizing the new under- vividly describes the experiences by the State has won the admira- of an evangelistic missionary in tion of thoughtful people around standing of Luther and the new Japan. The principal character, the world, but the deeper mean- "Andrew Strong," is "an ideal, ing and import of the conflict are interest in the social outreach of a composite of several rural misgenerally not clearly understood. sionaries"; but this reviewer, For those who desire to get be- the Christian Gospel. The in- who knows Dr. Pierson's life and work in Japan, has no hesineath the surface of the German fluence of Karl Barth is a part tation in terming the author scene, these two little books are himself a fine example of the invaluable. The first, written by of the picture, as is also that of "ideal" which he modestly disa young German theologian who claims. Those who do not know was removed from his chair at Paul Tillich, whose "critical the need of rural evangelism in the University of Munster by the Japan, and how richly fruitful it Nazi authorities, gives a thor- realism" is regarded as of great is, should read this book. ough analysis of the theological significance for the thinking of ARTHUR J. BROWN. and historical background of the German Protestantism of today. the younger generation. India's Social Heritage. By L. S. S. The second, written by a profes- O'Malley. 194 pp. $2. Oxford sor in the University of Sund, The rise of the so-called "Ger- University Press, New York. 1934. Sweden, is a narrative of what has happened during the present man Faith Movement," which The author, a retired member struggle. of the Indian Civil Service, gives has gained force as a rival of a simple statement of the prin- As analyzed by Dr. Piper the cipal features of the social sysmaj or issue in the German strug- Christianity by magnifying the tem of India. Successive chap- ters deal with caste, the degle is not one that concerns Ger- old Teutonic myths and the pressed classes, the frontier many alone but is of significance tribes, tribes of the interior, the for the whole world. It is this: spirit of racialism, is also por- village community, the family, To what extent can Christianity marriage, the purdah system, attain a national form without trayed. It is conceived, in part, and social changes in modern losing its universality and ab- times. He makes very little mensoluteness? This, it will be read- as a protest against a theology tion of the work of Christian ily seen, is a question of vital im- missions, but the book could be portance, especially for the for- that was too detached from the used as supplementary reading eign missionary movement. Dr. on the topics discussed. The active life of the Church and the treatment is factual, with refer- Piper shows that theological ac- ences to older authorities. tivity in Germany has, from the experience of the people. In the D. J. FLEMING. outset, been animated by a desire present situation in Germany the to give to Christian truth an expression adapted to the charac- chief aspect-as Dr. Piper sees teristics peculiar to the Germans. He traces this development it-is that the true meaning of through the medireval mystics of Germany, through L u the r, the Gospel is so obscured that "nationality has been placed above evangelical values."

Prof. Nygren's little book tells the story of the struggle of the protesting pastors, now organ- ized in the "Confessional Synod,"

down to September of last year.

It is a vivid and an inspiring story. S. M. CAVERT.

Let Us Go Into the Next Town. By George P. Pierson. 93 pp: $1. Revell. New York. 1934.

Dr. George Pierson is the type of missionary that one loves to know and read about. As a mis- sionary in Japan for forty years he presented a sound evangelical message, tirelessly, faithfully, tactfully and persuasively. The Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[157 ]

Financial Recovery for the Local Ploughed Under. The Story of a to an African to live on a white Little Lover, told by Amy Car- man's plantation and reports Church. By Julius Earle Crawford. michael. A Dohnavur Book. 12 mo. some of the injustices suffered 204 pp. $1. Cokesbury Press, Nash- 155 pp. 68. 6d. S. P. K. London. under British laws, which may ville. 1934. (Obtainable in America from Hope have been imposed with the best Church Sunday School, Semple and of intentions. The chapters on This book, by one who is ex- Cote Brilliante Aves., St. Louis, Life in Kenya and on Education ceptionally.qualified to deal with Mo.) are e s p e cia 11 y illuminating. Africans of the Kikuyu tribe so complex and so vitally impor- Few books are so fascinating who have not changed their retant a theme, is the outgrowth of as this rarely beautiful story- ligion believe that God has two extended practical experience. true and told in a charming forms, white and black, and they In constant contact with the style. A little Indian child began pray to both. They have great churches throughout the South to ask questions that his Hindu faith in charms, incantations for years past, Dr. Crawford father could not answer: "Who and witch doctors to cure dis- is the greatest god; the god who ease, break drought, and to undo brings clarity of vision and san- made things; the god who can the evil wrought by sorcery. ity of judgment into well bal- change people's hearts? Where They have definite moral codes anced treatment of this problem do dear little children go when and customs which should not be they die?" None of the child's discarded unless replaced by betwhich just now affects prac- relatives could answer her desire ter. The period of change from tically every church. for knowledge. The story de- old to new is especially difficult scribes her search, her struggles, and calls for wisdom. Dancing, Starting with a comprehensive her finding, her sufferings and drinking, marriage, slavery and her joyful experiences in the methods of tribal government all view of the church's chief pur- Dohnavur Fellowship of service. require careful study in order to "Star of Grace" (Arulgi Tara), do away with the evil elements pose, her message, program and as she was called, gives us an in- and to preserve the good. timate view of Hindu life, beachievements, the author leads liefs and customs as met in One of the greatest obstacles South India. We see the thorny in the way of the educated on directly to a swift survey of road that those must travel African accepting the Christian there who would follow Christ. religion is due to the humiliating several typical plans of support The story also reveals the work- un-Christian race and class dis- ing of a prayer hearing and tinctions – especially as shown as followed first in Jerusalem, prayer answering God. We by British and Americans – in- come into deeper understanding cluding missionaries. Antioch and Corinth. The au- of the Dohnavur Fellowship in the work of rescuing and train- Mr. Mockerie's book offers a thor finds their common denom- ing for Christ Hindu boys and good tonic to anyone planning to girls. Here we see depicted the work among Africans. inator in the application of the great need of India and the only Power that can and does meet The Ideals of the East and W'est. By fundamental principles of Chris- that need. Kenneth Saunders. pp. 248. $2.50. tian stewardship, which he pro- Macmillan. New York. 1934. ceeds to set forth succinctly An African Speaks for His People. and interprets compellingly. By Parmenas Githendu Mockerie. The author dedicates his book Then he presents the premier Foreword by Julian Huxley. 8 vo. to the Gaekwar of Baroda, at leadership required from the 95 pp. 38. 6d. Hogarth Press. whose suggestion it was written. pastor, indispensably sup p 1e- London. 1934. It is a study of the ethical ideals mented by the enlistment of the of various peoples which the auentire body of laity, men and Here is a clear and striking thor says "does not aim at comwomen. In such a combination, picture of how the educated pleteness or claim originality." ample support of the Church, African black man looks on the The ethical ideals which are conand of her far-reaching enter- white man and his civilization. sidered are those of India, the prise throughout the world, fol- Mr. Mockerie a young Kikuyu, Chi n e s e, the Japanese, the lows inevitably. Her building trained in Kenya, British East Greeks, the Hebrews and Chrisrequirements are also met with- Africa, was sent to England to tianity. It is interesting to note out resort to questionable meth- represent his people and lived that the ethics of India are dealt ods. Then there looms up clearly, two years in Europe. He de- with under that title but the and in due proportion the King- scribes his visit to the strange ethics of the Chinese, the J ~pa­ dom of God, the great objective white man's country and tells nese, the Greeks and the Hetoward which all lines of ac- frankly what he thought of brews under the name, not of the tivity should converge. European ways of life. He also land but of the people. In the pictures life in Kenya, interprets case of Christianity it is not the The remaining chapters, VIII the tribal customs and shows the land or the people that is dis- faults and advantages of foreign cussed so much as the system as to XII, deal with detailed plans rule and education. For in- construed and interpreted by Dr. stance, he shows what it means for raising the local Church budget and the enlisting of the membership as a whole in the entire program of the Church, the author gives some inspiring concrete illStances drawn from the actual experience of the Church. The general reader's in- terest may lag, when it comes to the minutia necessary to work out successful plans, but church officers will find here what con- stitutes a compendium of real value. DAVID MCCONAUGHY.

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

Saunders. Each chapter is fol- baptized Prote,stant Christians which knowledge is superseded, number 243,077 and the total but rather a discipline akin to lowed by brief excerpts from the Christian community at least meditative prayer by which all 600,000 or about one per cent of the powers of our being are conreligious literature of the people. the population. Miss Koto Ya- trolled and concentrated for the mamoto tells of the "Forward vision of the highest." The Christology of the chapter Movement A m 0 n g Japanese Women"-political and social, R.E. S. on Christian ethics is not the educational and international, industrial and rural. She deals Das Buch der Deutschen Weltmis- Christology of the Christian with movements rather than sion. In Verbindung mit den Evan- with leaders and the record is gel i s c hen Missionsgesellschaf- Church, and one may be sure one which girls have reason for ten. Herausgegeben von D. Julius encouragement. Unfortunately Richter, D.D. 331 pp. 138 illus. that the last critical judgment the chapter on activities of wom- Gotha: Leopold Klotz Verlag. en in the church was not rethat will be formed with regard ceived in time for publication. This is an extraordinarily in- teresting contribution to the litto the New Testament will not In Formosa only two societies erature of missions, due to the are at work, with a foreign staff indefatigable industry of the be the judgment assumed in this of 49 and a native staff of 290. compiler with the cooperation of book. The Aborigines who number fifty-three others who represent 200,000 are almost wholly neg- the leadership in German mis- As the title indicates, the book sions at home and abroad. As lected. an encyclopedia of German misdeals with ideals rather than sions, an art gallery of mission- The Katha Upanishad. By J. N. Raw- ary history, and a tribute to the with practices and does not at- son. pp. 242. $5.00. Oxford Uni- heroes and martyrs of the Ger- versity Press. New York. 1934. man church in many lands, the tempt to appraise the extent to book will appeal to a large pub- This "An Introductory Study lic. But it is more than popular. which the ideals of Asia have in the Hindu Doctrine of God There are a dozen papers of a and of Human Destiny," by the scholarly character on the presbeen already profoundly modi- Professor of the History and entation of the Christian mes- Philosophy of Religion in Ser- sage to primitives, Hindus, Mosfied by their contact with Chris- ampore College, India, is a book lems, etc. There is also an equal for the scholar rather than for number ()n the missionary printianity. There is no chapter on popular reading. Principal Das- ciples that should control evan- gupta of the Calcutta Sanskrit gelical education, the problem of Mohammedanism or the ideals College writes of it: "This is race, and our attitude toward something quite new in the way politics and foreign cultures. of Islam, although a Mohamme- of Upanisad Commentaries and should meet a real need. It gives These introductory chapters dan trader appears in the Epi- a clear, readable exposition, bring us to a series of historical which should be intelligible even sketches regarding each of the logue. R. E. S. to those who know no Sanskrit, German missions, and finally we and should be of interest to all have biographical sketches of The Japanese Christian Yearbook. students of the history and phi- outstanding missionaries, such Edited by Roy Smith. 8 vo. 401 losophy of religion. At the same as Nommensen of Sumatra, Kag- ;pp. Yen. 2.50. Kyo Bun Kwan. time it impartially supplies the awa of Japan, Aggrey of Af- Ginsza, TokIo. 1934. Sanskrit student with all the ma- rica, and others. Dr. Martin terial needed for forming an in- Schlunk contributes a carefully No one who wishes to keep in- dependent judgment on the in- prepared and annotated bibliogformed on the progress of Chris- terpretation proposed." raphy, while Dr. Richter gives tianity and of missions in Japan the latest statistics of German can afford to ignore this annual. There is a general introduc- missions. Fifteen Japanese Christians and tion discussing the Upanishads and the beginnings of India phi- Altogether this is a book alive twenty missionaries contribute losophy in the Rigveda. Then with the missionary passion, the thirty-eight chapters,. re- follows a special introduction to true to the great fundamentals ports and other features. The this theistic Katha Upanishad, of our faith, and opening a door first fifty pages are devoted to and then the text, the transla- to portions of the world field tion and the commentary, with with which American Christians describing "Japan Today"-its a number of appendices, closing are often unacquainted. In a international relations, its eco- with some discussion of the na- day when German Christianity nomic condition and intellectual ture of Yoga, setting forth that is passing through a crisis, when progress. Then 150 pages are the Katha Upanishad means by their souls are in the furnace of Yoga not "the production of an affliction, it is good to have such used to describe the Christian hypnotic trance or ecstasy in testimony of missionary faith activities and outlook-in Sunday schools, rural areas, the unevangelized districts, the social welfare work and religious education. Formosa is given two chapters; there are reports from various communities, statistics and a missionary directory. Here is a rich feast and a storehouse of information.

Dr. Kagawa writing on "Unevangelized Fields" says that 11,123 cities, towns and villages are still untouched by the Gospel. Of these places over 600 have each a population of from 10,000 to 30,000 people. Evidently Japan is not yet evangel- ized, although 58 mission boards and societies are working there, with 1124 foreign workers and 5000 on the native staff. The

and ardor, with such an outlook stormy night, and at the gay known mISSIOn authority, Dr. on the future as displays an in- fiesta. The story makes an atdiscourageable hope. tractive gift for junior boys and Julius Richter, who reviews the girls and the author writes from S. M. ZWEMER. first-hand knowledge. present conditions in foreign The Cambridge Shorter History of The Translated Bible. 1534-1934. mission lands. There are other India. By J. Allan, Sir T. Wolseley Edited by O. M. Norlie. 8 Vo. 222 Haig, and H. H. Dodwell. Edited pp. $1.00. United Lutheran Pub. timely articles by leading Ger- by H. H. Dodwell. Pp. 970. $4.00. House. Philadelphia. 1934. Macmillan. New York. 1934. man missionary authorities, a One of the most important Four of the six volumes of the events in history, since the first summary of German missions in great Cambridge History of century of the Christian era, was India were edited by two of the the translation of the Bible by the world, together with other authors of this Shorter History Martin Luther into the language which is in three parts: First, of the German people. This tabulations and a fine missionary Ancient India; second, Moslem event, four hundred years ago, India; and third, British India. which gave them the open Bible bibliography edited by Dr. Mar- It is a political history, very dif- is fittingly celebrated this year, ferent, for example, from particularly by the Lutherans of tin Schlunk. The pamphlet is Green's "Short History of the the world. They now number English People," it being a his- 20,000,000 members. Recently filled with useful information on tory, not of the people of India, 100,000 of the 1534 Martin but of the political rulers of the Luther Bibles have been circu- the subject of German world country. It does not deal with the lated. Dr. Norlie includes in this social, or the intellectual, or the anniversary volume twenty-two missions. C. T. BENZE. religious history, although there chapters by twenty authors. They is one chapter on education as deal with the life of Luther, an An African Prophet. W. J. Platt. related to political development account of his Bible work, the Illus. 12 Mo. 157 pp. 28. 6d. Pain the years 1858 to 1892. There story of different versions, the per cover. Student Christian Moveare more references to Curzon in work of Bible societies and the ment Press. London. 1934. the index than there are to relation of the Bible to missions. Buddha, and Sir Philip Francis This volume will be of interest William Harris was a remarkfills a far greater place than not only to Lutherans but to all able, unlettered African evangel- Gandhi. As a political history, who realize something of the ist of the Ivory Coast about ten however, the story seems to be great part the Bible has played years ago. Thousands of people accurate and as complete as pos- in human history. left their primitive way of life sible in the space available. and began to worship God. To God's Unspeakable Gift. By H. A. many Harris himself was almost There are specially interesting Ironsides, Litt. D., 12 Vo. 192 pp. worshiped and many were the chapters on Alexander, Asoka, 28. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. Glas- stories of his wonderful faith- Akbar, and his successors until gow. 1934. healing and casting out of dethe end of the Mogul dynasty. mons. It is an impressive story The chapters on Warren Hast- The well-known pastor of the as told by a missionary. Harris ings and the India Mutiny are large Moody Church in Chicago built up churches but the movealso interesting, although John gives here twelve addresses on ment was largely emotional and Lawrence and the men who evangelical themes. These in- has died down. But it has left broke the Mutiny would have clude simple practical, and its impress on the people and written a somewhat differently powerful messages on the Gos- prepared the way for more inbalanced account of its causes. pel, the Son of Man, salvation, telligent Christian teaching. The love, the cross, the resurrection prophet lived to be over three ROBERT E. SPEER. and the second coming. Those score years and ten, an impres- who are seeking light on the sive, dignified, white-bearded old Pablo and Petra-A Boy and Girl of Gospel, or looking for sugges- man who went about preaching Mexico. By Millicent H. Lee. Illus. tions on how to present it effec- and doing good. The story is by Leslie W. Lee. 8 vo. 152 pp. tively to others, will find help impressive and worth reading. $1.50. Crowell, New York. 1934. here. Yasu-Bo and Ishi-Ko-A Boy and The Crowell friendship series Jahrbuch 1935. Die deutsche evan- Girl of Japan. By Phyllis Ayers of books deal with boys and girls gelische Heidenmission. Herausge- Sower. Illus. 8 vo. 143 pp. $1.50. of Japan, China, Siam and geben von Professor D. Julius Rich- Crowell. New York. 1934. American Indians. Pablo and ter. 120 pp. Publication House of Petra are just a boy and a girl the German Evangelical Mission- Boys and girls of America in a strange land, wearing dif" shilfe, Hamburg. will like this story of boys and ferent clothes, with some strange girls of Japan with their kimocustoms and ways of speaking, This Annual is published by nos, obis, sandals, rice cakes, but American boys and girls will the United German Mission Con- lanterns, flowers, inc ens e, understand them. They have ferences and edited by the well- temples, rickshas, banners, and adventures in market places, on many strange sights and curious the road, at the mill, in the customs. It is not a missionary story but will make for under- standing and friendship with our neighbors across the seas. Mrs. Sowers is already well known for her stories of chil- dren in China and Siam. She has lived in the Orient and can therefore be trusted for her facts. Her sister, the artist, has illustrated the book attractively.

Books was traveling secretary of the Student School for Creek Indians at

Volunteer Movement and was married Church Growth in Korea. Alfred W. in 1915. Three years later they went Indian Territory, superintendent of Wassan. 175 pp. $1.75 cloth, $1.40 to China as missionaries of the Amer- paper. I. M. C. New York. 1934. ican Board but ill health compelled Oak Hill Industrial School and later, her to return in 1922. She was a di- Chant of the Night. C. Kuipers. 213 rector of the China Colleges and a Sunday School missionary among the pp. $1.25 cloth, $1.00 paper. Zon- member of the Ginling College com- dervan Pub. House. Grand Rapids, mittee. Dr. Smith is Executive Sec- Indians in Oklahoma. Mich. retary of the American Section of the Universal Christian Council and of *** Church and State in Latin America. the European Churches Committee of J. Lloyd Mecham. 550 pp. $4.50. the Federal Council of Churches. Robert Fletcher Moorshead, first University of North Carolina Press. Chapel Hill, N. C. *** medical secretary of the Baptist Mis- sionary Society, died December 4, Desires of the Heart. Joan Geisel Rev. Edward G. Haymaker, mis- Gardner. 218 pp. $1.50 cloth, $1.00 sionary among Indians, died Decem- 1934, in England, at age of 60. When paper. Zondervan Pub. House. ber 1, at Winona Lake, Ind., in his Grand Rapids, Mich. 76th year. He had been assistant su- the Auxiliary celebrated its semi-jubi- perintendent of a Home Missions Divine White Right. Trevor Bowen. lee 60 doctors and 56 nurses had been 309 pp. $1.75. Harpers. New York. sent to the field and an annual income of £24,000 had been reached.

Dr. K. G. ** *Scottish medical Fraser, missionary in the Southern Sudan for the past 14 years, under the Church Missionary Society, died recently.

Obituary Notes How We Assist The Rev. Dr. Lapsley Armstrong Denominational Work McAfee of Berkeley, Calif., former Moderator of the New Mexico and vVe are sometimes asked as to whether or not our work conflicts with the California Synods of the Presbyterian work of denominational churches. Our reply is that our Sunday-schools Church, died after a heart attack on in the rural areas of the land arc confined to sections and communities that January 18th, while visiting missionR are unreached by the programs of regular church organizations. in Dumaguete, Philippine Islands. Dr. McAfee was seventy years of age Ve welcome changes in social and economic conditions which may make and had been a delegate from America lJossible the establishment of a congregation and regular services of wor"hip to the fiftieth anniversary of the in any of our Sunday-school constituencies. '1'housands of denominational founding of the Presbyterian Mission churches owe their origin to our work. The majority of the"e cases were in Korea. related to the work of the Society during the first century of its work. The record for the first twenty-five years of what may be, if God wilis, another Dr. McAfee in 1925 and 1926 was a century of labor for the American Sunday-School Union, indlcates that candidate of the conservatives for the 1,045 churches were organized from Union Sunday-schools under the direcoffice of Moderator of the General Assembly. tion of our missionanes, divided among the denominations and in the number listed below. A native of Ashley, Mo., Dr. Mc- Afee was a son of the founder of Park }Iethodist …..••…… 338 Lutheran ……………….. . 23 College, Missouri. He was graduated Baptist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2~7 Peutecostal ………..•……. 3 in 1885 from what is now the Presbyterian Theological Seminary, Chicago, Presbyterian . • • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . 09 ~'ederaLed …..•…•….•.•••• 7 and held pastorates in Parkville, Chl"lstlan ••••……………. 53 Mellnonites ……………… . Ariz., 1888-98; Phoenix, Ariz., 1898- 3 1905, and Berkeley, Calif., from 1905 until his retirement in 1931. He was Brethren •……………….. 29 Commulllty ……………… . 1:< a brother of Dr. Cleland B. McAfee, 4 secretary of the Presbyterian Board Evangelical …..••••……… 22 Disciples ……………….. . of Foreign MissionR. Nazarene. ..••…•.••…….. 20 .l;;piscopal ………………. . 1 Albert Alexander Hyde, .founder Church of God •..•..•……… 15 Christian and Missionary Alliance 3 and chairman of the board of the Congregational ..•..••.•…… 37 Friends ………………… . 5 Mentholatum Company, and a very generous supporter of mission work in Holiness ………..•…•….. 14 Reformed ………………. . 4 many lands, died of heart disease at linion (Interdenominational) …. 72 Free en urch …………….. . his home in Wichita, Kansas, on Janu- 2 ary 10th. He was eighty-six years old. CllUrch of Christ …….••….. 11 Moravian •………………. 1 Mr. Hyde was born in Lee, Mass., These and all other churchcs organized following the work of our missionon March 2, 1848, the son of Alexan- aries were turned over to the church leaders of the various denominations der Hyde. indicated.

Mr. Hyde was widely known as a These figures indicate only a small measure of the direct assistance renphilanthropist, giving liberally to the um'ed to denominational churches. Each year, many of those who confess American Missions in China, and the Christ in our Sunday Schools, Daily Vacation Bible Schools, Evangelistic Omi Mission at Omi-Hachiman, Japan. }leetings and Young People's Bible Conferences, are led to active memuer- He was a member of the International ship in churches in ncar-by towns and cities. Committee of the Young Men's Christian Association, a trustee of Fair- '1'he most significant fact relative to the assistance we are rendering to the mount College, Wichita, and a warm regular denominations of the land is that we are performing a task in the friend and supporter of the REVIEW. otherwise unreached sections of America for which organized Christianity is responsible. In a very real sense, we are the representatives of the church at * * ;.i: large in our particular field of effort.

Mrs. Eleanor L. Cory Leiper, the 'vY0 are seeking in every ,Yay possible to administer this work in a manner wife of the Rev. Dr. Henry Smith tha t will meet with the approval of every well informed churchman. Our Leiper, died at her home in Leonia, chief concern is that we may have the "well done" of Him in whose Name N. J. on January 30th.. Mrs. Leiper and for whose glory we labor. was born in Englewood, N. J., fortyfour years ago. After having been The Department of Missions graduated from Smith College she AMERICAN SUNDAY-SCHOOL UNION 1816 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Gospel For Moslems JAPAN—A

The walls of opposition are tumbling down OR A CHALLENGE in many Moslem centers, as the walls of Jericho fell in days of old before the ad- Dr. Charles W. Iglehart, who has been a missionary in Japan for twenty-five years, sees vance of God's army. Today the Gospel the problem presented to Asia and to Amer- ica. He also sees the challenge and the in Print is being used to break down preju- present opportunity. dice and to win Moslems to Christ. Will you accept the challenge and mdke You can help by sending a contribution use of the opportunity? to supply this Christian literature to som~ Send for copies of Dr. Iglehart's leaflet and of the millions of Moslems yet unreached. distribute them in your church, your club, your social circle. Dr. Iglehart draws a stir- Will you do it? Send your gift to ring picture—one to hold the attention dnd stir to Christian action. The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems An American layman was so stirred by this message that he provided for the publication 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK of a limited number of these leaflets—with WILLIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN, Ph.D., President the confident hope that you will help distrib- ROBERT E. SPEER, D.D., Vice-President ute them. (Special price, 50 cents a hundred.) SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, DD.D.D., .,5ls ecre t' JAMES M. CANTINE, (Send t() dries The Missionary Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Acting Tred5urer Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa .

_- …. . . . . ~.. – – – – . . "-~'~-~" -~ -.-.-~~ AGENTS WANTED CUTS FOR SA~ !

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW Excellent halftone plates and line cuts (undam- can be sold in quantities to aged) used in THE MISSIONARY REVIEW every Missionary Society. It fur- during the past two years. nishes information in brief, in- teresting form for leaders and For sale at one-third the cost. These are val· discussion groups. Why not act udble for local or denominational papers. Vivid as our Agent in your church or pictures of life allover the world. community? You can advance the cause of Foreign Missions, American Highlands and at the same time can earn American Indians Africans···Heathen and Christian A Liberal Commission China···Old and New Japan and Korea • India's Idols and Christians Results in Moslem Lands Address···Circulation Manager Savages and Saints The Missionary Review of the World ., The Pacific Islanders Third and Reily Streets cf)end to Harrisburg, Pa. The Missionary Review of the World .__ . ____._ _.._.._ ……. __~_..____.. ___.J Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, Pa .

The Missionary Review of the World — October 1932

1932

SPECIAL CHINA NUMBER· Nation BTu.ilzd. iKnogo in China Some Achievements of the Chinese Kenneth Scott Latourette When China Worships Today James L. Stewart A Chinese View of the Christian Task P. c. Hsu Some Evidences of Life in China A. R. Kepler

Chat THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE

Our Special Al1wricwn Indian NU1nber DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor is now out of print. with 1,200 extra sales, and the demand still continues. Vol. LV OCTOBER, 1932 No. 10 A word to the wise—order extra capils of the Special China Number now! FRONTISPIECE-WAR AND THE GOSPEL IN CHINA Page ** TOPICS OF THE TIMES ……………………………….. , 515 We have still several very valuable The Greatest People on Earth Leadership in Asia-Whither? articles on China for which we cou!d not find room in this issue. Look for When Will India Become Christian Trends in Australia them next month (see back cover an- nouncement) • NATION BUILDING IN CHINA ………………………….. 519 *** By Dr. T. Z. Koo, the Chinese Vice-Chairman of the World's Student Many enthusiastic comments have Christian Federation come to us on recent numbers of THE REVIEW. It is filling an important COME WITH ME TO CHINA …………………………….. 525 place. Read what these friends say: By the Rev. O. E. Goddard, formerly of China; now Secretary of the "I consider THE MISSIONARY RE- VIEW OF THE WORLD the most Methodist Episcopal Church, South indispensable magazine on my book- shelf and look forward to every issue SOME ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE CHINESE ………………. , 527 with eagerness." By Kenneth Scott Latourette, Professor of Missions at Yale University D. NELSON, Missionary of the Lu- theran United Mission, Hankow, China. WHEN CHINA WORSHIPS TODAy ……………………….. 529 * By Professor James L. Stewart, recently Vice-President of Chentu Uni- "I want to congratulate you on THE versity REVIEW. It is excellent and makes one feel more than ever that we simply A CHINESE VIEW OF THE CHRISTIAN TASK …………….. 534 must have a greatly increased circula- tion of this monthly which is without a By Professor P. C. Hsu, Acting Dean of the School of Religion, Yenching competitor. We may order extra copies of the October Number for Board mem- University bers and others." NEW HORIZONS FOR CHINESE WOMEN ………………… , 537 The REV. A. E. ARMSTRONG, D. D., Secretary of the Board of Foreign Mis- By Katharine R. Green, Missionary of the Reformed Church, Amoy sions, The United Church of Canada. SOME EVIDENCES OF LIFE IN CHINA …………………… 539 * By the Rev. A. R. Kepler, D. D.. Secretary of the General Assembly of HI am an enthusiastic booster; I do not know how I could get along without the Church of Christ in China your magazine in my work. to say nothing of a purely personal interest." THE GROWTH OF THE CHURCH IN CHINA ……………….. 543 MRS. C. H. HERRNSTEIN, Editor, Lu- By the Rev. Charles L. Boynton, Secretary of the National Christian theran Standard, Ohio. Council of China "The REVIEW is rich and full. It truly is one of the very best magazines WHY I AM A MISSIONARY IN CHINA ……………………. 546 published and seems to grow better and better." By the Rev. Perry O. Hanson, Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal MISS EDITH C. DICKIE, formerly of Church, Taian, Shantung China; now at Clifton Springs, N. Y. LIFE STORIES OF CHINESE STUDENTS …………………. 547 GERMANY-A CORRECTION By Mary L. Parmenter, Principal of the Bible Seminary for Women, Prof. D. Hinderer of Berlin calls our attention to an error in the REVIEW Shanghai for March (p. 18,0) in regard to "Church Decline in Germany," He HOW CAN THE CHINESE EVANGELIZE CHINA? ………… 550 says: By Mary Culler White, Missionary of the Methodist Church, South, "The church rate collected by the Evangelical Churches in Germany does Shanghai not amount to 1,0 % of the total income CHINESE CHRISTIANS UNDER FIRE ……………………. 552 as stated, but only to 1 % approxi- By Dr. Frank Rawlinson, Editor of The Chinese Recorder mately. The church rate represents EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 555 some 1V'70 of the tax on wages. This Edited by Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison latter amounting to 1,00/0 of the salary; WOMEN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN ………" …………. , 558 the church rate amounts only to 1 0/0, Edited by Miss Anne Seesholtz the smaller wages being, however, taxed less than the larger. OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK ………………………….. 560 "The church rate and the general A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events economic depression are playing a part in the severance of the people from the OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572 Church, but other important circumstances are factors-such as the strong Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information Bolshevistic propaganda.I, Publication Office 4,0 S. Meridian St., Indianapolis, Indiana Editorial and Business Office 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Entered as second-class matter at Post-Office, Indianapolis, Ind., under Act of March 8, 1879.

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BOARD OF DIRECTORS ROBERT E. SPEER, President SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT MILTON J. STAUFFER A. L. W ARNSHUIS WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER WALTER McDOUGALL. Treasurer WM. B. LIPPHARD DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary ERIC M. NORTH ~r-_T__H_E__B~O~A~R~D~O~F~F~O~R~E~I~G~N~~M~I~S~S~I~O~N~S~~ DEPARTMENT OF ANNUITIES YOUR GIFT NOW WILL BRING TO YOU THE BLESSING OF GIVING WHILE LIVING AND THE GUARANTEE OF THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS THAT YOU WILL HAVE AN INCOME FOR LIFE ERNEST F. HALL, Secretary 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S. A.

"0 Lord!

Thy church begin- ning in me"

THE MOTTO OF THE FIVE-YEAR EVANGELISTIC MOVEMENT IN CHINA PREACHl"NG THE GOSPEL BY POSTER L eft- This photograph by Maynard Owen Williams shows a Chinese method of publishing the Message in John 3:16. ClYPyright by the National Geographic Society. Reproduce<!. by Sp ecial Permission.

Courtesy of China's Millions Photograph by Rev. E. J. Davi.~ WHEN CHRISTIANS WORSHIP IN CHINA UNDER DIFFICULTIES Military occupation of a China Inland Mission Station. :At Yencheng, Honan. a General and staff occupied the compound. but gave access to the chapel through this guarded entrance. Hundreds of Christians passed machine guns each side of the entrance to attend services. REVIB ORLD VOLUME LV AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF VORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER TEN OCTOBER, 1932 Topics of the Times THE GREATEST PEOPLE ON EARTH articles will help toward such understanding.

Many difficulties stand in the way of China's China is not only great in territory and popula- progress. These include her continued contro- tion, but she has a great history, literature, sci- versy with foreign governments as to extra terri- ence and art, great national characteristics, and- torial rights; her dispute with Japan on Man- unless all signs fail-a great future. churia; her internal dissensions promoted by rival Many changes have taken place in China since military leaders and communistic propagandists; this vast country was the subject for mission her poverty and suffering from floods, famine and study eight years ago. Then-ten years after the epidemics; the slow development of industries establishment of the Republic-there were hopes and trade because so much of her strength is re- that the new China would speedily develop out of quired to fight for existence; educational and so- the old, through the progressive and orderly adop- cial problems involved in the change from ancient tion of Dr. Sun Yat Sen's principles and program. to modern methods; her youthful agitation His program provided that military control should against moral and religious restraint and the neg- soon be replaced by a civil constitutional govern- lect of ideals that alone can develop character and ment and that education, social and economic im- power. Unfortunately the representatives of provements, religious freedom and the establish- many so-called Christian nations are not making ment of friendly international relations would China's difficulties and misunderstanding of promote peace and prosperity. There was a Christianity any less.

bright outlook for China. The anti-Christian agitation in China is of two Today the whole country is in turmoil-appar- kinds. Communist elements are following the ently worse than ever. Disputes with other na- lead of Russia and oppose all religion as being tions, internal warfare, banditry, revolutionary bourgeois and capitalistic, as endeavoring to keep movements, communistic propaganda, anti-for- the proletariat in submission through fear and eign and anti-religious activity, floods and eco- superstition. The Communists promise freedom nomic depression have all spread devastation and from every ill by the adoption of their program.

seem to threaten China's national existence. Any Many Nationalists, on the other hand, are anti- other nation could scarcely survive such a multi- Christian because they look upon Christianity as tude of complex maladies as those from which foreign and charge the so-called Christian na- China is suffering. But the interesting fact is tions with failure to show honesty and brotherly that China does survive and is steadily making love in their dealings with China. Christianity progress in education and unification. She seems is on trial among the Chinese, and many of its destined to take her place among the great na- nominal representatives have been found wanting.

tions of the world but the fulfillment is delayed. Those who know the facts recognize China's This great people, diverse yet one, is the fasci- dire need for sympathetic understanding, for nating subject for mission study during the com- friendship, for patience, for help to overcome pov- ing months. We present in this number of the erty, for sane education, for unity and peace, for REVIEW many valuable articles by experts on vari- a stable civil government, for leaders that are ous phases of the subject-political, economic, so- strong, intellige.nt, unselfish and non-militaristic, cial, educational and religious. It is difficult to for a true vision of God as revealed in Jesus comprehend the complexity of the situation and Christ, and for faithful acceptance of Him as the the forces that are moulding the nation but these Way and Truth and Life. The way of escape from [515]

China's difficulties is by the way of Christ and is being disturbed by the Communists and by His Cross. revolutionary movements among students. The From many parts of China the word comes Chinese boycott, the depreciation of the yen and that, in spite of great difficulties, the opportuni- the fall in foreign trade are increasing poverty ties for interpreting Christ to a hungry people and distress. In one district a million people are greater than ever before. While multitudes were recently reported to be without food, living are so oppressed and distressed that they are on roots and herbs. Doctors cannot collect their ready to accept atheism, communism, banditry or fees in famine districts and girls are leaving home any other program that promises relief, they ~re to sell themselves to the nearest bidder. These in- also ready to listen to the Christian message. The fluences are hindering Japan's constructive lead- great advantage is that they can see the power of ership.

Christ manifested in the joyous and transformed On the other hand twenty Christian members lives of other Chinese. This is not seen as the in the Japanese parliament inspire hope that result of communism or other religions. Among idealism will be advanced and that sane judgment the forces at work in the building up of China will yet prevail. Popular secular education has are the increasing number of political leaders who brought an increase in literacy, but without a cor- have China's welfare at heart; the increase of responding strengthening of character. Higher literacy through the extension of education and education is greatly inflated so that there is not the phonetic script; the distribution of the Bible sufficient work for the growing "white collar"

and wholesome literature to promote Christian class. As a result discontent has increased among ideals; movements for health and social welfare students who demand reduced tuition and greater to teach the people how to live; finally over a mil- economic opportunity. The educational system lion Chinese Protestant Christians, and a hundred needs to be reformed, with more emphasis on vo- thousand Christian workers are lifting up Christ cational training. Today Christian schools, with- and His Way of Life to lead China in the way out endowments, find it impossible to compete of victory. with government schools.

Unfortunately the spirit of revolt is manifest- LEADERSHIP IN ASIA-WHITHER? ing itself in an anti-religious movement. This movement is largely due to materialism, faulty Japan is seeking to be the political, economic scientific and philosophical views, and to commu- and intellectual leader of Asia. In the past sixty nism. Many Japanese still confuse religion with years this little island empire has come out of superstition and think that atheism means larger obscurity into a place of great importance among liberty of thought and action. The leaders of the nations. The development of a constitutional gov- anti-religious movement urge the youth to revolt ernment, the addition of territory, the expansion against all temples and priests as a part of the of industry and trade, the promotion of education "capitalistic systems". The fault is largely with and social welfare, the granting of religious lib- religion as they have seen it in action.

erty and the advance of Christianity in Japan On the other hand, the temperance and purity have all strengthened these virile, intelligent, effi- agitation is growing and the Kingdom of God cient people and have made them recognized as Movement is making the religion of Christ felt a force in Asia and in the world. It is better to in many cities and rural districts. The religion have Japan as a friend than as an enemy. Japan of Christ and His Cross and the evidence of sacri- is a leader in Asia-but whither? ficial love on the part of Christians are recognized Today Japan is fighting not only for leadership as the most powerful antidote to atheistic com- but for her life. She is seeking expansion for her munism. Great responsibility rests on the pro- crowded population, and desires outlets for her fessed followers of Christ.

products, but she is making enemies rather than While Japan stands for liberty in religion her friends. The other nations have condemned her policies are still confused. On the one hand school militaristic actions in Manchuria and Shanghai, children (including Christians) are compelled to even more generally than they condemned her worship at Shinto shrines, although State Shinto forcible absorption of Korea and the Koreans. includes rituals, prayers and other religious func- Many leading Japanese now realize her blunder tions. On the other hand State recognized private in regard to Shanghai, but she finds it difficult to Christian schools are prohibited from teaching re- acknowledge the error, to correct the mistake, and ligion or conducting worship. If Japan is to lead'

at the same time "save her face". The milita- aright her people need true religion more than ristic party is strong in Japan but is hard pressed. ever. The old religions are weakening and many It requires most of the standing army to maintain call Shinto a non-religious cult. As the conscious- control in Manchuria, while at home the country ness of responsibility to the old religions decrease

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

suicides, assassinations, political corruption, im- is the outlook for Christianity in India today?

morality and other evils are increasing. Many Will the land and people ever be predominantly statesmen, even non-Christians, recognize the Christian?

need for some religious instruction as a character In this connection it is very interesting to study forming influence. the numerical progress shown in the recent edi- The "Kingdom of God Movement" is seeking to tion of "The Directory of Christian Missions in develop Japan's religious sense and leadership. India, Burma and Ceylon". * These statistics do Some things have been accomplished but not all not, of course, reveal the remarkable and far- that has been hoped or claimed. It has helped to reaching moral and spiritual changes that have promote the religious, moral and educational pro- come to Indians, or their more tolerant attitude gram throughout Japan, but comparatively few and increasing sympathy for Christian teachings.

districts have been evangelized and the churches There is, no doubt, a very large number of secret have not been greatly strengthened. The three- followers of Christ and of others who are not yet year period of this Movement ends with 1932, but willing to break with the past, or to become out- as Dr. Kagawa says, "The real Kingdom of God castes for Christ's sake, but who would do so if remains to be achieved. There are only 250,000 such a step did not mean ostracism and persecu- Japanese Christian believers compared with 64,- tion.

000,000 non-Christians. In many of the 12,000 This latest edition of the "Directory," which is towns and cities of 5,000 or more inhabitants the the first published since 1929, is of unusual inter- Gospel has never yet been preached. Unless we est and value. It was prepared under the aus- put forth a thousand times as much effort as at pices of The National Christian Council and con- present we cannot reach one-tenth of the farm- tains some new and instructive features.

ing villages. The fishing villages, with their seven A large, clear map, prepared for "The World million population, have hardly been touched, yet Dominion Press," shows the location of all the everywhere the people are ready to listen gladly 1,134 centers in India, Burma and Ceylon where to talks on religion. . . . The Kingdom of God foreign missionaries are at work. These centers Movement must live up to the standard of love are keyed so that the stations listed in the direc- and obligation to others or it can never succeed. tory can be located. The volume also gives illu- … We must be more earnest in evangelizing minating statistics of Protestant missions, a list unoccupied territory with the Gospel of Christ. of 281 societies, the names and addresses of five Christians must be more loving among themselves thousand foreign missionaries and many of the and must show more love to those outside." 1,266 leading Indian Christian leaders. The If Japan is to lead Asia forward and upward, names, locations, and types of work of nearly she must promote peace by means of understand- 2,000 missionary institutions are given with facts ing and good will; she must advance the cause as to their educational, medical, literary, indus- of justice, temperance, morality and true liberty trial and philanthropic work. in every department of life, and she must encour- Among the interesting information revealed in age moral and religious training that develops this study is the following: character and produces trained but unselfish 1. There are over 740,800 towns and villages leaders. in India without any Christian missionary. As has often been pointed out, thi~ means that iL WHEN WILL INDIA BECOME CHRISTIAN? Christ Himself had begun to visit these villages India is probably the most complex country on when He was on earth and had visited one each earth, and one of the most interesting and impor- day until the present time, He would still require tant. It has always been a very perplexing and over 100 years more to complete the round. Some difficult mission field because of the large and of these villages and towns have less than 100 inscattered population (now over 352,000,000 peo- habitants, but in less than one per cent of the ple in more than 780,000 cities and villages), be- total number are there any Indian Christians livcause of the large variety of languages and dia- ing and witnessing to Christ. The task before lects, the influence of caste, the general illiteracy, the Christian Church is still tremendous. The the power of the Indian religious leaders, and Andaman Islands, Coorg, Nepal and Bhutan and the opposition of the intrenched ethnic religions. a number of the independent states are wholly Wonderful progress has been made, however, in unoccupied and do not permit Christian missiona- ries to work within their borders. the past century in breaking down prej udice and 2. In the p~st ten years thirty-four new sociin overcoming many of these difficulties. What eties have taken up work in India, and' over 400 * "Directory of Christian Missions in India. Burma and Ceylon." additional foreign missionaries have been enlist- ed. There are now 5,463 Protestant missionaries 1932-1933. Published for The National Christian Council by The Christian Literature Society for India and Madras.

in India and 389 in Burma. In the past few years, "every knee shall bow and every tongue confess however, there has been "a decrease of both men that Jesus Christ is Lord, to glory of God the and women missionaries" and, what is more dis- Father".

turbing, "a steady decrease in the number of In- dian evangelistic and educational men workers". TRENDS IN AUSTRALIA Some increase is shown in the women Indian Christian teachers and Bible women employed. Both religious and anti-religious developments 3. The number of educational missionary in- are reported from Australia. Fruitful evangelstitutions has increased only slightly in the past istic campaigns have been conducted among stuten years but the amount expended on these in- dents in Sydney and in several of the larger cities. stitutions is much greater. The economic depression has turned the thoughts of many Godward and has increased interest in 4. The Indian Christian community has in- spiritual things. At the same time the propacreased by one-third in the last ten years-by a ganda for atheistic communism is also finding a much larger percentage than is shown in the fertile field among the unemployed. Some of the other Indian religions. These Christians live in agitators advocate revolutionary methods to crush about 8% of the villages in British India and in the capitalists. The communist leaders consider 4% of the villages in the native states. The the economic position of Australia as hopeless. largest number and proportion of the Christians The "Unemployed Workers' Movement" has molive in Madras Presidency and in Travancore. bilized tens of thousands of workers. They "have 5. The total number of Protestant Christian in view a mass insurrection for the dole", accord- communicants in India is given as 909,804 and ing to Thomas Walsh in the Australian Christian the Protestant Christian population as 2,671,536, World and are trying to gain leadership among or about two-thirds of one per cent. There are all malcontents. They attack the Australian ad- also some 2,500,000 Roman Catholics and Syrian ministration of New Guinea because of the pol- Christians. Nearly 350,000,000 people in India, or icy of developing Papuan agriculture and indus- one-sixth of the earth's population, have still no try. The campaign of hatred and falsehood, outward association with Christ and no faith in mixed with some truth, is a breeder of trouble.

His message of life. This means that while 35,- "To stir up rage and horror against the so-called 000,000 have been added to the population of In- capitalis~ class, the tenth party congress states dia and Burma in the past ten years only 1,500,- that the apostles of the White Australia Policy 000 have been added to the number of Christian practiced mass poisoning of the Kanakas some believers. During the same time Hindus have twenty years ago, and that the Queensland newsincreased by 22,000,000, Moslems by 9,000,000, papers of that day made no serious attempt to Buddhists and Sikhs by over 1,000,000 each. The deny it. Jews, Jains and Zoroastrians (Parsees) have remained about stationary and followers of the "Many seemingly innocent ideas are expressed Primitive Animist religions have decreased 2,- by people who are pawns in the hands of the com- 000,000 (or 20%). While in the past half cen- munists; rationalists, feminists, birth-control adtury the number of Indian Christians have in- vocates, pacifists, socializationists, credit reformcreased over 240%, still the numerical increase ists, all are using the communist formula and are of Christians has been so small compared with worked into the general propaganda by the comthe increase of the whole non-Christian popula- munist. tion that there seems no hope of winning India to Christ through such gradual additions to the "One communist puts it: the basis of religion Church. Faithful Christian witnessing and liv- is the desire of the human mind to straighten out ing in the power of the Holy Spirit must either the perplexities of life. The communists have a bring about such a religious awakening and cure for every human ill and an explanation for breaking down of religious and social barriers as every mystery in the universe." will draw millions into the Christian faith, or we must look forward to this result through the There is, however, a strong English and Scotch coming of Christ Himself, according to His prom- element in Australia that has shown sane and honest character. They are to be reckoned with in political, economic and religious matters.

ise, to reveal Himself to men and to overcome the A marked revival of church life is reported in forces that now oppose Him. The Church and the many parts of Australia, with revived interest missionary workers are still divided on the ques- on the part of outsiders. Business men, includ- tion as to which of these methods will bring vic- ing politicians, newspaper and professional men, tory to Christ but all His followers are united in are uniting in daily prayer for guidance in these the belief that He will prevail, so that to Him difficult days.

Building In China*

..:( By DR. T. Z. KOO, Peiping, China Vice-Chairman of the World Student Christian Federation '1VVTHEN one gazes at a painting one is really and Chinese students studying in the West. The looking at three things. There is the gen- contact through the first two channels is super- eral background; from this there stands ficial and not always beneficial. It is the contact out prominently one or two features which com- through the missionary and the Chinese student pose the foreground. Then the foreground and studying in the West that leaves the lasting imbackground are related in the perspective which print of the West upon the East. The United gives to the painting its distinctive character. T. Z. KOO-A CHRISTIAN NATION BUILDER IN CHINA If one can see the Chinese situation in the same way with its background, foreground and perspec- States sends a larger number of missionaries to tive, then one will not easily be confused. China than any other country and she receives the largest number of Chinese students studying What, then, is the background of the Chinese in Western countries. What a responsibility and situation today? This is undoubtedly the every- what an opportunity! day life of the Chinese people. One word will describe the character of this background, namely, Let us try to trace some of the more important the word change. It is in a state of flux. In changes in Chinese life which have come as a re- China today we are seeing nothing less than the sult of this impact of dynamic ideas of one culgigantic drama of a whole people, comprising one- ture upon another. We can see these changes fourth of the human race, changing from onc fairly clearly in the contemporary political, inmode of living to another. This change is brought tellectual, economic, social, moral and religious about mainly by the intermingling of two dissimi- life of our people. lar cultures. Nearly a century ago, our hoary, self-contained culture of the East came into contact with the young and vigorous culture of the West. Through this process of intermingling, several dynamic ideas from the West have been injected into the placid stream of Chinese life. These ideas, germinating and spreading in our midst, have gradually brought on the present upheaval which is steadily gaining in volume and intensity every day. Already the old "order is crumbling in face of the onslaught of these ideas and a new social and political structure is rising in its place. We can here only mention a few of these ideas, without amplification. They are, first, the idea of democracy; second, the scientific mode of thought; third, the conception of modern industrialism; and lastly, the conception of the value of the individual. In these four ideas you have the pivotal points of impact in this intermingling of cultures.

There are four channels through which these ideas come into Chinese life-the diplomatic channel, the traders, the missionary movement • The Editor of the REVIEW has asked me to write a general article on China as an introdnction to the Special China number. The following paragraphs are written in the hope of furnishing the readers with a key to the understanding of China. which will enable them to see the main outlines of development and growth going on in this oriental land. T. z. K.

[519]

In the political life of the Chinese, the change long period of confinement in a cage. It is conis from a political organization dominated by the fused and yet eager for new ideas. It will be will of one person, the Emperor, to one in which many years before our people will be thoroughly the will of the people will reign supreme. It is a at home with this new scientific attitude of mind. change from autocracy to democracy. We defimtely abandoned the monarchial form of govern- The effect of the change in our intellectual outment in 1911 and since then have been strllggling look is already apparent in our educational syspainfully towards the goal of democracy. But, as tem. In the old days,Chinese education was alyet, we are very far from realizing our goal. On most exclusively ethical. Its purpose was the this road of political progress we have traveled training of man to live rightly with his fellowonly the first mile. The family clan, which has men. Today, the purpose of education in China been the unit of politi~al thought in China for is almost entirely technical. It is training man many centuries, is now being gradually replaced how to earn a living. by the conception of the nation-state. In other words, we are gaining a new consciousness of In the economic life of the Chinese, we come nationhood. Our immediate task is to nurture, to a change which is the most difficult for the peodevelop, and educate this consciousness until it ple to face. The old economic order rested upon has acquired sufficient depth, wisdom, and power two foundations. One was the system of small to undertake the responsibilities involved in an home industries and the other agriculture under intelligent government "of the people, by the peo- small ownership. Such an economic order beple, and for the people." comes totally inadequate when thrown against the modern industrial system of the West. We are, In the intellectual life of the Chinese people, therefore, obliged to abandon the old simple agrithe change is from a thought life dominated by cultural life and the small unit industries in order the authority of the past to one characterized by to develop a modern economic structure. This dea scientific attitude of mind. The traditional velopment is taking, at present, two directions. thought life of China is conservative in spirit, First, in the rise of industries organized on the speculative in outlook, ethical in content and liter- principle of mass production; second, in the inary in expression. Elegance of expression was troduction of machinery to replace hand labor and formerly emphasized to the detriment of real in the gradual application of scientific knowledge knowledge of subject matter. The authority of and modern methods to help production. the past was accepted without question. For instance, in the old schools of China, if you were to But here again, while we have broken with the raise any question with your teacher about the past, the new economic order is by no means validity of some statement contained in the clas- firmly established. The cost of living has risen sics, you would be likely to receive a rap on your steadily while earning capacity has not risen prohead, rather than an explanation. An intellectual portionately. Therefore, great masses of our peolife lived under these conditions can only lead to ple are having great difficulty in making the prostagnation. verbial two ends meet. When on top of this sit- uation is piled the uncertainty and suffering Fortunately this traditional thought life was caused by civil war, banditry and famines, then radically changed by the advent of the New Cul- something of the peril lurking in this phase of our ture Movement in 1916. A group of Chinese life becomes apparent. scholars, among whom was Dr. Hu Suh, saw the need for an orientation in China's mental proc- In such an economic state any country is a feresses and habits. In less than a decade this new tile field for the propagation of the various themovement has completely revolutionized our way ories of socialism. Literally millions of our people of thinking. Instead of the old conservative are living on the borderline of starvation, and any spirit, emphasis is now laid upon the importance theory which promises them an equitable share of of acquiring the "scientific mind," by which is the nation's wealth will find eager followers. meant that mental attitude which will not merely accept the traditional beliefs but will also experi- In the social life of the Chinese fundamental ment with the new; which will not deal only with changes are also taking place. The old social life beautiful phrases but will come to grips with is distinguished by two characteristics-the first reality. is the patriarchal system of family organization and, second, the status of women. The patri- Although this change is well on its way, it can archal system develops the large clans which are not be said yet that this attitude of mind is thor- so characteristic of Chinese social life. But now, oughly established in our intellectual life. The especially among the younger generation, a revolt mind of the Chinese people today is like a bird is on against this system. Youth is striking out which has suddenly gained its freedom after a for the Individual Home Movement. This means that when the children in a family marry, they will no longer live with their parents, but will

NATION BUILDING IN CHINA

establish homes of their own. In time, this move- yet risen to take his place. When you realize that ment will break up the clan organization of the our young men and young women are living in a family and will change the whole complexion of moral and ethical world in which all the old land- family life. marks are disappearing, you will begin to under- The status of women in the old social system stand something of their bewilderment.

of China was definitely domestic. The Chinese Second, the ethical emphasis in China today men are supposed to be active outside of the home seems to be steadily shifting from the individual and women within the home. Each has a distinct to the group. In the old days our ethical thinkers sphere of responsibility. It is not uncommon in emphasized virtues belonging to an individual- China for the men to make the money while the such as loyalty, honesty, and uprightness. But women manage the family finances. While their place in the home has given our women good train- ing in management and poise, it has also deprived them of the chance to become independent and earn their own living.

Another feature in the status of women was the rigid barrier in social intercourse between men and women, especially of the younger genera- tion. In the old marriages the bride and· bride- groom would generally see each other for the first time after their marriage. In the ceremony called "Lifting the Veil" at the wedding, after the bride and bridegroom have taken their vows before Heaven and Earth, they are conducted to the bridal chamber, where the bridal veil is lifted and the groom takes his first look at his wife. It is a crucial moment, for the success or failure of the marriage is often determined by that first glimpse.

Now all this is being changed. The women are no longer confined to the domestic sphere, but are coming out into public life. In education, law, business, government and medicine, Chinese women are rapidly taking their places. The bar- rier between the sexes is also being broken down so that in many places young men and young women today meet freely in society. As an indi- cation of this new status look at the membership of the Central Administrative Council of China, FLOOD SUFFERERS IN CHINA SEEKING RELIEF the highest body in our National Government.

This Council is composed of fifteen members and the ethical writings of the present day hold up the Chairman is, ex officio, President of the Re- before the people virtues which pertain to group pUblic. At one time, this Council had two women life, such as cooperation and team play. Here is members. The women of China need no longer one clear indication as to the direction in which fight for the vote or for equality before the law. the ethical life of the Chinese is trending.

Politics, business and the professions are already Third, the consciousness of the value of the in- open to them. The only limit to their use of these dividual is steadily rising. In the old days, man's opportunities lies in the fact that we have not individuality was very much subordinated to the been able to provide enough facilities for the edu- social organism. Today, more and more, the value cation of our women. of the individual person is receiving larger recog- In the moral life of the Chinese, the changes nition. This is especially true of persons belong- are more difficult to trace. Three observations, ing to what modern social workers have termed however, can be made with fair accuracy. First, "the under-privileged classes."

the old established standards of conduct are be- In these five great changes described above, you ginning to topple. Take, for instance, the virtue have the fundamental factors which underlie the of loyalty. In the old days, this virtue reached march of events in China. No matter what politi- its highest expression in the loyalty of the people cal situation may obtain in the country, or which to the person of the Emperor. Today the Em- general is at the top, these changes go on, grad- peror is no more and nothing in the new order has ually working out a transformation of life in

China. To understand the situation in our coun- years from 1928 to 1931 were devoted to the task try we must keep in mind these basic factors in of strengthening this young government and in the background of Chinese life today. trying to extend its authority over the provinces of China. This was done by peaceful means The Revolutionary Foreground wherever possible and by military force wherever it seemed necessary. Up to the time of the Jap- Now to pass on to a study of the foreground of anese invasion of Manchuria (September, 1931), the picture. The general nature of this fore- the national government had succeeded in ex- ground can be summed up in a few words. In tending its sway over 12 provinces directly, over China, at present, we are seeing a revolutionary seven less directly, while in the remaining five its movement gradually emerge· from its military control is still largely nominal. The Japanese in- stage and trying to settle down as the ordered vasion has interrupted this process of consolida- government of the country. This fact helps us tion and has placed a great strain upon the new to understand the immediate problems which con- government. Thus far it has stood the strain front us. fairly well but we are apprehensive lest the strain, Four of these problems stand out sharply from prolonged indefinitely, may prove too heavy and the background of changing life in China. First, cause an internal break-up. China would then be there is the urgent problem of the political re- plunged again into chaos without a political rally- construction of China. We have now existed as ing point.

a Republic since 1912. The first fifteen years of Before the Japanese military invasion of Man- our history (1912 to 1927) might be described as' churia, the task of the political reconstruction of the period devoted to the liquidation of the im- China was already moving on to its third stage.

perial legacy left upon our hands by the Manchu The first three years after the formation of the dynasty. When the Manchu Emperor abdicated new national government were spent in an effort in 1911 he left a vast system of government as to establish itself. There was no time to raise any well as a host of government officials who had questions about the nature and constitution of grown rich and powerful under the monarchy. such a government. But in the spring of 1931, These officials of the old regime, anxious to main- when the immediate anxiety over the continued tain their position in the new Republic, formed existence of the national government had disap- themselves into cliques and fought against new peared, political leaders began to discuss the adop- leaders who came on to the scene through the tion of a constitution under which the govern- revolution. Thus we find men like Yuan Shi Kai. ment might function. With this discussion, there Feng Kuo Chang, Tuan Chi Jui, Wu Pei Fu, and emerged two definite issues. The first was the Chang Tso-lin, rising, one after the other and try- question of centralization versus decentralization.

ing to maintaIn their authority. It took the first Should China develop a strong central govern- fifteen years to eliminate these men, and the last ment with large powers over the provinces or act In this process was the removal of the capital should she choose the alternative of creating from Peking to Nanking. In China, Peking has strong provincial governments, with only a rela- always stood for the imperial order, while Nan- tively small central government with limited func- king is regarded as the symbol of democracy; tions? President Chiang Kai-shek, with many These first fifteen years of the Republic meant younger leaders in the Kuomintang, favored the little progress in political reconstruction. This former while Hu Han Min, with the older party period has been like a storm on the ocean; the leaders, wanted the latter.

wind whips up the waves and there is great com- The second issue is the question of the civil as motion, but when the storm subsides the ocean against the military government. Starting as a goes back to its former level. The old leaders left government established during a military cam- by the imperial dynasty caused great commotion paign, military leaders naturally had a predomi- by their struggles against the new leaders ushered nant voice in its policy and administration. But in by the Revolution and after they were elimi- the more thoughtful leaders soon began to insist nated the country (in 1926) was back almost that this military element must be subordinated where she was in 1912. to the civil arm of the government. Hu Han Min When we take up the next five years, from was again the acknowledged leader of the civil 1926 to 1931, we begin to see a definite step for- party and when he and General Chiang could not ward. In this period, there gradually emerged agree, his supporters bolted from Nanking and es- from the political chaos the promise of a new tablished a rival government in Canton. These National government around which the people can two points will undoubtedly form the center of rally. This was established in Nanking in 1928 political development in China for the next decade by General Chiang Kai-shek and the subsequent or so.

The Task of Education our work is the most fundamental thing we have In this work of political reconstruction we are to undertake for the next twenty or thirty years. confronted with a peculiar handicap, namely, the practice of one party domination, a legacy of That is why some of our finest men today refuse Russian influence in China. With one political party we have no constitutional outlet for politi- to go into politics but prefer to bury themselves cal differences. If I differ with the ruling party I must either shut up entirely or start a rebellion in the task of doing the spade work. Unfortuto maintain my point of view. This state of affairs has greatly added to civil strife. We are nately, this side of things is little known outside trying to eliminate this handicap and our effort has been successful to the extent that the party of China. Being an educational program, it has will now admit men into the government who are not its members. I believe in the near future the no murders or kidnappings connected with it, so party will make it constitutional for people to organize a second political party. When this is done, that foreign correspondents rarely report anyone prolific source of civil war will have been removed. thing in this field. But from our point of view, The second immediate task in nation-building in this work of preparing our people for democratic China is the education of our people in the responsibilities of citizenship in a democracy. The government is the most fundamental in the entire Chinese have been familiar with an autocratic form of government for the past two thousand task of nation-building in China. years. They cannot be transported overnight into another form of political life without going The third great piece of work is in the realm through a long process of training and preparation. This process can be seen at work in China of material reconstruction. Western visitors to today in the national system of schools and in people's organizations. One remarkable factor in China are always struck by the comparative unthe last twenty-five years of China's turbulent history is the steady growth in the educational sys- developed physical conditions of our country. tem. But in spite of all our efforts we are still far behind the needs for our people. For in- Roads and communications, manufactures, public stance, in the secondary school field, up to 1927, we have developed 1339 schools (exclusive of pri- improvements, electricity, water-power, mining vate schools) or only one school to every 300,000 inhabitants. Conscious of this inadequacy, the and reforestation are waiting for development. government about two years ago adopted an expansion program in the field of education, calling A whole continent is waiting to be made over. for the establishment of twelve secondary schools of the senior grade, 300 schools of the junior When that program gets into full swing, it will grade, three technical and ten agricultural schools in the first six year unit. involve the industries, the technical skill and the A second line of effort in the preparation of the material and financial resources, not only, of people is in the work of a large number of people's organizations active in the fields of adult China but of the whole world. education, citizenship training, health promotion, rural economics, women's movements, and inter- The fourth piece of work is the task of readnational education. This type of work is carried on through voluntary organizations, many of justing international relationships with other nawhich are nation-wide in their scope. In these voluntary organizations you will find the real tions. This work involves three aspects. There pulse of the national life of China. is first of all the general question of the "unequal The converging of these two lines of effort, one governmental and the other voluntary, will even- treaties" which must be replaced by new ones tually prepare the people for the new order that is rapidly coming in our country. This part of based upon mutual respect and reciprocity. When the Chinese look upon these treaties, which have been saddled upon them in the past, they feel that they are onesided and, coming or going, China "gets it in the neck." Once you appreciate this point you will begin to understand the emotional intensity behind the demand for the revision of these treaties. I am glad to say that the principle of revision is now practically recognized by most nations. .

The second aspect of China's international rela- tions lies in specific problems, as with Russia and Japan in Manchuria' and Mongolia. This is too large a subject to be included in the limits of this article. I will only say that in this whole ques- tion is involved the peace of the Far East and possibly that of the world.

A third aspect of China's international problem'

lies in the field of racial and national attitudes be- tween the East and the West. An illustration may make my point clear. In my native city of Shanghai we have many hotels operated by Euro- peans. Once, when I had to go into one of them to meet an English lady by appointment, a hotel attendant rushed up from behind, caught hold of me by the scruff of my neck and wanted to throw me out. When I asked the reason for his extraor- dinary behavior, he said,"Don't you know as a

native you cannot enter by the main entrance, but have begun our march towards our Canaan. But must go to the side door reserved for servants between Egypt and Canaan there were forty long and tradespeople?" Relationships like these are years of wandering in the wilderness. This is not covered by treaties. Even though every treaty exactly where we are today in China. We have with other nations is rewritten, yet if as individ- left our Egypt but we are not yet arrived at our uals we continue treating each other in this way Canaan. Weare still wandering in the wilderour international work is only half done. The re- ness. This gives you the perspective of our vision of treaties is in the hands of governments, present situation for, viewed in this light, the five but the work of re-orienting the spirit between fundamental changes in the background are seen the East and West is in your hands and mine as to be but the highways in the wilderness over individuals. By acquiring an attitude of mutual which we are marching towards our promised respect and understanding, we can do much to re- land; and the four great tasks in the foreground lieve the pain and cruelty which we needlessly in- are the stages that we have reached on the way. flict upon each other. A people wandering in the wilderness is at the In these four problems of political reconstruc- most vulnerable period in. their life. They are at tion, educational preparation, material recon- the mercy of those who want to take advantage struction and international readjustment, we have of them; without the aid of God they are helpthe immediate tasks to which the Chinese have less before attack. But a people wandering in the set their hands. wilderness is also passing through a period when they are most susceptible to sympathy and help- Our Wilderness Wandering fulness from other peoples. It now only remains for me to link up in proper Many of our people today, especially men and perspective the background and foreground of the Chinese picture I have painted. To help you to women of my generation, realize that, like Moses, see· this perspective may I recall the story of an- they will not themselves have the privilege of enother people, the Israelites, who, after their bond- tering the promised land. That is a poignant age in Egypt, were led by Moses towards the thought to carry in one's life; but again, like "promised land." In China today you see almost Moses, some of us have been on the top of Mount an exact parallel to this story. Our Egypt is the Nebo and have caught a vision of the New China old China and our promised land is the New from afar. It is this vision, shining before our China. As a people we have struck our tents and eyes and treasured in our hearts, which is sus- taining us in our march through the wilderness.

Hope for China-Half the Yarnen Converted Letter from T. D. Payne, China Inland Mission, July 9, 1932 Lunchang, Western Yunnan, China Apostolic Christianity has not died out in China. A village of Tibetan-Lisu Christians, out here in Western Yunnan, has turned as a unit to the Lord and has remained steadfast for more than a year. They have been fined, beaten, and thrown into prison because of their faith. First, four men were beaten fifty strokes each with a board and fined about four months' wages each because they started to erect a Christian meeting house. Then the school tax of the village was increased and other unusual burdens were laid upon them. Since they were not permitted to have a chapel they met in the open air, the women on one side of the road and the men on the other. The laird who rules them raided this meeting place one day as they were worshiping and tied up with ropes one of the brightest young men. He was dragged to the Yamen and beaten with boards, one board after another being broken on his body until four boards were destroyed. The fifth board left him unconscious, with his body badly injured, large patches of skin being completely gone. He is still in jail, bound with a chain to a post. The war-lord told him that if he will pay some money he can be released, but the prisoner declares as he is guilty of no wrong he will not pay anything. The laird has conscripted the young men among the believers until now his soldiers are all believers. I am told that they gather around the man chained to a post and hold divine services.

The sound of the boards coming down on poor Mr. "Fifth Month Happiness" converted half the Yamen, it seems. Last Saturday (July 2, 1932) when I visited the place to see if I could arrange for a settlement, half the Yamen came out to shake hands with me. (Hand- shakes are the sign of a Christian Believer in these parts.) The sergeant of the militia, who had not believed before, said to me in front of the laird: "Come to my home village and teach us, and we will all believe." The laird glared daggers at him, but the sergeant in- sists that he is going to live and die a Christian.

With Me to

By the REV. O. E. GODDARD, Nashville, Tennessee ):.. Board of Missions, Methodist Episcopal Church, South I F you come to China now you will see "confu- If you come with me to China you will see a sion worse confounded." Oriental situations great people who were the first pacifists among are always more or less baffling to Occidentals, the nations of the world. Many centuries ago but the enigmatical situation in China today is a their greatest sage taught that war was dis- veritable Chinese puzzle. Superficial observers reputable-that no decent person or nation should and globe-trotting newspaper reporters may offer resort to war to settle national difficulties. Dur- their solutions of the Chinese problem but the ing the passing centuries, while other nations veteran observer and careful student speaks with were murdering each other for conquest or're- moderation and caution. venge, peaceful China was moving on the even If you come with me to China now you will see tenor of her way without the shedding of blood an ancient nation suddenly projected into modern in useless wars.

times. This country's former contemporaries have China has suffered dreadfully in her contacts ceased to exist. China was a contemporary with and conflicts with modern nations which have ancient Assyria, Egypt, Greece, Rome and other large armies and navies. She has suffered humili- famous civilizations of the past. Her civilization ations which cannot be described-not even con- was equal to that of any of these nations though, ceived or comprehended by any outsider. Her an- owing to linguistic difficulties, it was not as well cient ideals have been shattered, her colossal pride known. crushed by the bellicose nations that have domi- The disintegrating forces of the centuries made nated her. If China ever becomes militaristic or away with all these ancient civilizations except communistic–either will be unnatural to her. She that of China. This country somehow had power is naturally peace-loving, home-loving, and indi- to resist the disintegrating forces, and lived on vidualistic. If she ever becomes a militaristic or down through ancient and medieval ages into a bolshevik nation it will be because an abnormal modern times. Today she is a mixture of an- life has been forced upon her by external condi- achronisms and modernisms. tions.

If you will come with me to China and read her If you will come with me to China you will see ancient classics you will find a literature clean and a people great and numerous, in the throes of a wholesome, expressed in beautiful rhythmic prose. congeries of revolutions, simultaneous and consec- If read in mixed classes it would not require as utive. It is bad enough and complicated enough much expurgating and annotating as did the class- for a nation to have one revolution after another ics of the Greeks and Romans to make them but to have a series of them simUltaneously, act- proper for study by our youth. One Chinese ing, reacting and interacting on one another is poem, written long, long ago by a Chinese scholar, something unprecedented in the history of' na- is a parallel of Gray's "Elegy in the Country tions. This is precisely what China has beenhav- Church Yard." Several thousand years ago a ing for the past few years. Political revolutions, Chinese poet, walking among the grave mounds educational revolutions, industrial revolutions, and coffins, wrote similar verses that may be literary revolutions together with religious up- translated: heaval and revolts are what China has been strug- Perhaps in this neglected spot is laid gling with for two or three decades. The average A heart once pregnant with celestial fire; intelligent reader has no conception of the deep Hands the rod of an empire might have swayed, and genuine elements in Chinese character. They Or moved to ecstasy the living lyre. were among the greatest and best of the ancient Thomas 'Gray was sent to China by the British nations.

Government and is said to have acquired a read- It is well known that China, fearing invasions ing knowledge of the Wenli. Who knows that he from her belligerent neighbors to the north, built did not get at least a suggestion from that ancient the great wall to ward off attacks from the mili- poem? tant people. This effort was futile for these war- [525]

riors came over the wall and conquered China, foolish. She is entitled to patient consideration. and for nearly four centuries China was ruled by Her provocations have been all but unbearable. the Manchus. She made strenuous efforts from time to time to extricate herself from the Man- If you come with me to China, I will show you chu rule, but was not successful until the revolu- some missionary work of which you will be proud. tion of 1911 when Sun Yat Sen was elected first Our Master had a threefold ministry in Palestine president of the new republic of China. -preaching, teaching, healing. In China hos- pitals are supported by different denominations This young revolutionary leader was the first and several hundred thousand patients are treated Chinese ruler the country had had for nearly four annually. Here are done some of the "greater centuries. Yuan Shi Kai, his successor, was works than these" which our Lord promised. You neither a democrat nor a Chinese. He was a will see also a large number of men and women Manchu and an imperialist, and put a military from America and Europe engaged in Christian man at the head of each province. When Yuan education. More than one hundred thousand was safely entrenched, he announced that China young people in Christian schools are being pre- was no longer a republic but a monarchy and that pared for Christian citizenship tomorrow. That he was the monarch. In four years (1916) Yuan is a sight worth seeing! died and China was split by internecine war. Hundreds of Christian Chinese men and women More than a half dozen of the Provincial lead- are in evangelistic work. Disappointed, broken- ers, whom Yuan had appointed, started to march hearted China now hears the Good News of re- to Peking, each with his army, to become emperor. demption more eagerly than ever before. How a warfare of this sort could go on for ten years without any real central government is Christian missions have been one of the great- more than we Westerners can understand. est factors in awakening China. They will be one of the mightiest in helping in the remaking of Next Chiang Kai-shek, sometimes called "the China. The highly cultured missionaries are re- Moses of Modern China," organized his army and ligious leaders who are giving their lives for the government in Canton. He made a reasonable betterment of China. and righteous platform and started his triumphal march northward. The story of his efforts to get If you come with me to China now you cannot recognition of his government in transit from the refrain from asking what the final outcome will nations, how all except Russia told him they would be. It would be a bold man or a foolish man who .discuss it with him when he reached Peking; would make any dogmatic prophecies. We may be how Russia recognized the moving government sure of only one thing. In the end the Chinese and ingratiated herself into it and came near cap- will do the sane thing. A typical Chinese is one turing it-all this is known. of the most patient, persistent and invincible char- acters on earth. His power of analysis and ability In the old regime of literary examinations for to see through the unanalyzable is amazing. Out governmental jobs, the literary men wrote only in of all this chaos some day will come order. China the Wenli, a language never spoken. Now all this cannot be conquered. She is not a great military is changing and modern subjects have been put power and should never try to be such, but she into the curricula of the modern schools and col- has a strange power to take into her capacious leges. The literary and educational revolution is maw her conquerors and to assimilate and ab- now on in China. Never was there in all history sorb them. China will continue to remain on the a people in the agonies incident to such a plethora scene. of simultaneous revolutions. Do not be alarmed, surprised or discouraged if China, in the white- If you go with me to China, and stay there for heat incident to these revolutions and under such the next half century, you will be on that part of an emotional strain such as was never felt by the globe where the most interesting events will any other people, should do something harsh or take place.

Despite the obstacles confronting the onward sweep of Christianity, the future is full of promise. More people are inquiring about Jesus Christ today than at any other period in the world's history. There is a more profound searching after Christian principles than ever before. Today ten million pairs of eyes in Asia are looking to Christ for direction and leadership. These people may not have gone the whole way with their wills but they are discussing the implications of the Christian position. Years ago in Asia one could hear frequent hisses when the name of Christ was mentioned. That does not happen today. The con- science of Asia is shaking as never before, due chiefly to the influence of Christ. It is not to be inferred that the non-Christian movements have lost their force, but is Christ exerting a spiritual energy in the lives of millions of people in non-Christian lands that augurs well for the progress of the Kingdom of God upon earth. JOHN R. MOTT.

Achievements of the

By PROF. KENNETH SCOTT LATOURETTE J!: ..

New Haven Professor of Missions and Oriental History, Yale University CAN any achievement worthy of the name be common body of literature and philosophy. expected of the Chinese? To those who Through the education, which was the necessary know only the past few sorrowful years it preparation for the examinations, officialdom was may seem that the race is incompetent and that indoctrinated with high ethical standards and from them neither a stable government nor a high with the principle that government should be by civilization can again be anticipated. Such an the moral example of the rulers rather than by opinion, however, is based on very shortsighted force and should be for the welfare of the gov- and very imperfect knowledge. erned. Through this educa- Judged by their past the Chi- tional system, moreover, the nese are among the ablest of China is not by any means in- nation was provided with com- peoples. There is no proof debted to Europe and America mon ideals. The unity which that their genius has vanished for all of her culture and her was induced was as much cul- and there is every reason to progress. In government, in tural as political. The area hope that, given time and the literature, in ethics, in inve'll- administered varied greatly in right kind of assistance from tions and art, the Chinese size. During more than half the West, including especially have their own remarkable of the two millenniums it was at the contributions which the echnat rfarcotmeritshtiec Wcuelsttu, raen, ddiffrfoemr- least as large as is all Western Christian Gospel can make, w;hich we may learn much. Europe and during some of the they will again produce a rich Prof. Latourette clearly shows time it was much larger. There culture. the peculiar genius of the were m'any centuries when One of the most remarkable Chinese, as revealed in their China was the most prosperous achievements of the Chinese achievements. country on the globe.

has been in the realm of gov- It is well known that the Chi- ernment. To those who know nese invented paper and that only present-day chaos this may seem a startling our modern use of paper in the West was derived statement. Yet as recently as the eighteenth cen,.. originally from them. It is also a familiar fact tury, when our own United States was winning that the Chinese developed printing several centu- its independence, China was undoubtedly one of ries before it was known in the Occident. It is the best governed and very possibly the most not always realized, however, that extraordinarily prosperous of the lands of the earth. Moreover, beautiful examples of the printer's art were up- it is no exaggeration to say that judged by the pearing in China nearly a thousand years ago and immense area it administered, the length of time that as recently as two hundred years ago prob- it endured, and the number of people whom it con- ably more books were printed in China than in all trolled, the Chinese form of government, which the rest of the world. Nor is the high quality of disappeared with the advent of the Republic in much of the literature so reproduced usually ap- 1911-1912, was one of the outstanding political preciated in the West. In the best of its poetry achievements of human history. and its prose, Chinese literature stands compari- About two thousand years ago the Chinese pro- son, for beauty of style and felicity of diction, duced an imperial structure which, with modifica- with the best that the human race has produced.

tions, lasted until 1912. At its head was an China, too, possesses an enormous body of his- hereditary emperor, ruling through a bureaucra- torical works. Some of these, like the famous se- cy which, in theory, was made up of the most in- ries, usually called the dynastic histories, en- telligent and best educated men of his realm. They deavor to cover practically the entire course of the were recruited by means of keenly competitive country's development. Others treat only particu- civil service examinations which were based on a lar periods. There are hundreds of histories of [527]

individual communities-gazetteers as they are background. Moreover, while it is still a force sometimes denominated. No other people has to be reckoned with, for a thousand years or more preserved such full records of its past. Buddhism in China has been slowly declining.

The Chinese have also been given to the compi- The ethical standards advocated by Confucian- lation of what Westerners rather loosely call ency- ism and Buddhism are, when judged by Christian clopaedias. These are made up, not of articles criteria, admirable. In some respects they seem written especially for them, but of excerpts from to the Christian to be inferior to those of the New existing books. Some of the "encyclopaedias" Testament, but in many respects they are very seek to cover the entire range of knowledge and similar.

others only segments of it. Among them are In their economic life, also, the Chinese have works which comprise hundreds of volumes. been remarkably successful. They have had the No people has honored scholarship and the advantage of living in a land in which there is scholar more than have the Chinese. In a cer- much fertile soil and where the flora is as varied tain sense the Chinese have been a people gov- and rich as in any part of the earth. They have erned by philosophers. It is not surprising, then, been blessed, on the whole, with a climate favor- that a considerable section of their literature has able to agriculture and they have made remark- been made up of works on philosophy and that ably efficient use of the gifts of nature. In agri- philosophy must be reckoned as one of their major culture they have long used methods which are achievements. The first great creative era of the admiration of modern experts from the West; Chinese thought was in the six centuries immedi- in trade and industry they have managed to meet ately preceding the Christian era. The problem most of the basic needs of the largest fairly homo- which then was the chief concern of most of geneous group of mankind.

China's thinkers was the construction of an ideal Connoisseurs of the West are increasingly ap- human society and the salvation of the nation preciative of Chinese art. Chinese architecture, from the civil strife which was torturing the com- painting, and ceramics call forth their ungrudging mon people. One of the resulting philosophic admiration. Silk we owe to the Chinese, and por- schools, Taoism, advocated a minimum of govern- celain. English gardens are said to be in their ment and of economic organization. It may be debt. Most of Japanese and Korean art, before described roughly, but not altogether accurately, the nineteenth century, was copied or adapted as a "back to nature" movement. Another, that from Chinese models.

of Mo Ti, based its theories on the conviction that The question inevitably arises whether the God loves all men and that men, therefore, ought Chinese have lost the ability which brought this to love each other. Accordingly it condemned ag- great civilization into existence. Has creative gressive war and denounced what it considered vigor, for some mysterious reason, departed from to be socially wasteful expenditures, such as those them? If it has not, why the present chaos?

for funerals. Still another, that of the LegaliBts, These are queries to which for the moment only anticipated in some respects the theories of the partial and tentative answers can be given. It is state socialists of the modern West. Indeed, some clear that the present disorder is due largely to of the suggestions of the members of this school the irruption of Western civilization into China.

might almost have been clipped from a newspaper The culture of the Occident is in many respects of 1932. The school which finally, but in a modi- so much the opposite of that of the Chinese, and fied form, became the basis on which the Chinese is so aggressive, that China, after years of at- Empire was to be built for two thousand years tempted resistance, has collapsed before it. Some was that of Confucius. This school advocated the of us are confident that the Chinese still possess regulation of society by the correct performance not only vitality but ability. We base that convic- of the traditional ceremonies of religion, the tion upon the qualities of scores of individuals state, and the family, and the maintenance of whom it has been our privilege to know. We be- high ethical st&ndards, and would have this done lieve that eventually the nation will emerge from by bringing into the service of the state, as its its present age of sorrow and will build a new administrators, the men of the realm who culture. Some of us are profoundly committed to were the most learned and of the highest char- Christian missions in China because we believe acter. that, if we are true to our Message, the days of In later centuries Buddhism was introduced and China's anguish will be shortened, that the new had a profound influence upon China in popular culture, if and when it appears, will be richer, and beliefs, in religious practices, in philosophY, and that in the meantime, as always, every individual in art and literature. In time, however, the Chi- Chinese who hears and accepts it will find the nese altered it very considerably, making it their Gospel of Christ to be indeed the power of God ownahd rethinking it in tertns of their cultural unto salvation.

A BUDDHIST TEMPLE OF FIVE HUNDRED IMAGES, WORSHIPED IN

When China Worships Today .. :{ By PROF. J. L. STEWART, D. D., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Author of "Gods of Wealth and War", "Chinese Culture and Christianity", Etc.

FEW words in great China's speech are more our occidental way, but each placing his own ex- confusing in their connotation or have caused tended hands together, then slowly raising and more decisive controversy among Western lowering them, as they faced each other. The workers than the common one usually written in word seems to signify salutation. That is one of Western script as pai, and pronounced practically its common uses, for your friend at meeting asas our small monosyllable "by." It is the word sures you that he is coming to pai soon, meaning which we most frequently translate as "worship." that he is about to call on you and present his compliments with a bow. If the day should chance The ideograph, or picture character for this to be a holiday, he proclaims at meeting that he word, represents two hands placed side by side. is proceeding to pai you right there and, though That suggests the old style of salutation, where the street may be full of people he performs the two friends greeted, not by grasping hands as in [529]

ceremony by swinging his clasped hands before Observe them in the process and then by reflec- his smiling face. Such ceremonies are chiefly tion let us form our conclusions.

salutation. *** In the old Imperial days, before the Republic, Here is a small way-side shrine, not much your guest on a feast day not alone saluted with larger than an ordinary dog kennel. We pass his hands but wished to kneel, or kow-tow before scores upon the winding roads. Some have been you. People did the same when they "worshiped" almost destroyed by time and neglect. This one is their teacher, the official, the Emperor, Buddha, in better condition. The roof is covered carefully Laotze and idols, heaven and earth at a wedding, with tiles like a miniature temple; the plastered their ancestors at the grave and before the an- sides are whole; a palisaded wooden grating in cestral tablet in the guest room or ancestral hall. front protects the gods within; a bit of red bunt- This seems to imply that at times the word in- ing hung thereon shows that someone holds all in cludes the idea of prostration as well as saluta- recent memory. Let us stoop down and look with- tion. in. We see a couple of small, rather roughly made Does it also include the idea of prayer, the pre- idols. One is evidently intended to represent an senting of a plea before a higher power? If so, it elderly Chinese gentleman, with long grey beard, would seem to take on a religious meaning. That flowing robes and the black half-brimmed hat of has formed part of the "burning question" re- the scholar of long ago. Beside him is a female garding ancestor worship which raged among figure, presumably his spouse, also robed and coif- Protestant missionaries during the latter part of fured in ancient style. Both, in so far as the un- last century. Even Sinologues could not agree skilled workman could convey his meaning, appear and conventions, communities and churches were aged, serious and benign.

greatly disturbed by the controversy. As we wait a worshiper comes along the path In the early days of the seventeen hundreds, and pauses before the shrine. From a small bas- the Roman Catholic workers in China were even ket he produces a couple of candles and three more rent asunder by the question. The Jesuit sticks of incense. Bending over he inserts the order, which ,had gained great prestige in court latter before the gods and arranges the former circles at Peking, argued eagerly that "worship" one;upon each side. Then, with a bit of rolled of ancestors was simply a form of respect paid to paper spill which has been smoldering since he the departed. Other orders of the church, how- left his home and which he now flicks into flame, ever, such as the Franciscans and Dominicans, he carefully lights all five. Some "cash" paper argued quite as earnestly that to pai an ancestor brought from the basket is also set ablaze and implied prayer for aid and other religious ideas thrust through the grating.

that went much deeper than simple respect. The The preliminaries thus completed, the man pre- Holy See decided against the Jesuits and their pares himself for worship. His wide straw or more latitudinarian interpretation. It was a mo- bamboo hat is laid aside. His queue, if he still mentous decision, for the great Manchu Emperor wears one, is carefully unrolled from the top of of the day, Kang-hsi, hitherto favorable to Chris- his head and straightened down his back. His tianity, held with the Jesuits, and when he found wide sleeves which have been turned up while at his authority seemingly flouted replied by driving work are turned down so as to cover his hands.

Christians from his domains in 1724. Then, with eyes reverently fixed upon the images Thus the interpretation of this seemingly within, he raises and lowers both hands in re- simple Chinese word has had wide historical re- spectful salutation, drops slowly upon his knees, actions. In our day Chinese Christian scholars bends repeatedly forward until he has thrice three have largely decided the issue. Though there are times touched the earth with his forehead. He a few who consider that to pai an ancestor is only pauses a moment, rises not ungracefully, his eyes an act of reverence, yet the majority are agreed still upon his gods, makes a slow parting bow and that in the minds of the multitude the ancestor is prepares to move away. He has apparently ut- thought of as a spiritual force, able to make or tered not a word.

mar the destiny of his descendants and so they Evidently our presence has in no way embar- pray before their tablet as to a god or gods. rassed him. As he picks up his basket prepara- Christians consequently do not "worship" ances- tory to moving away, we venture to accost him tors today. . with the usual polite preliminaries. He responds Ancestors are but one of many objects of wor- readily to our inquiries as to his "honorable ship by the people of China. Who are the spirits name," "exalted age," etc., and inquires ours in or gods whom the people usually worship? What return.

are the expectations of the worshipers? With "Who are these 7" we venture, indicating the what ceremonies and attitudes do they proceed? images.

WHEN CHINA WORSHIPS TODAY

"Local-god saviors," he responds readily. many a Chinese historical or mythical character: "What do they save? What do they do?" Laotze himself, the "old son," with his unusually "They govern the fields round about." high, wrinkled forehead and hoary hair; the "And your fields are suffering?" we suggest, "'''estern Mother," who resides so royally in the glancing that way. far away Kwenlen ranges; the God of Wealth, the "Somewhat," he answers. "Somewhat," and God of War, the Eight Genii, etc. This partic- also looks about. ular temple is dedicated to the "Two Nobles," one "But you did not tell the gods about it. You Lee-pin who two centuries before the Christian said nothing when you worshiped them just now." era commenced an irrigation system which has He makes no answer, but looks more than a bit greatly enriched a province and his father who mystified. according to Chinese custom is to be equally hon- A more intimate knowledge of the situation, ored for having borne so great a son.

. gained from contacts with many such peasant Just across the gorge is a big Buddhist struc- folk, reveals that in the main worship of this type is a matter of custom. These lo- cal gods are believed in someway to con t r 0 I the crops. It is well to worship them to gain their good will.

The proper way, everyone knows, is with candles, in- cense sticks, and cash paper, salutations, prostrations and reverential deportment. This done they reward you with a good harvest. The ceremony itself is largely sufficient. It is not essential that you make oral petition, or even make sure that such thoughts are present in your heart. The y understand.

Why else would you be wor- shiping them?

Such is the type of wor- ship at many a local shrine whether of tutellary deities, imaginary "generals" who A CHINESE FAMILY WORSHlpING BEFORE AN ANCESTRAL TABLET guard the road, "swallowing spirits" who ward off demons, or cow kings" ture. Though outwardly and inwardly much alike who look after the welfare of the cattle and other in architecture, they differ religiously in many stock. There are no priests to officiate, no preach- ways. In this latter cult, originating in India, the ing, praise or open prayer, no coming for united images are naturally largely of that land. They ceremony, unless it may be to celebrate the god's include the Buddha, seated serenely upon his lotus day of birth. The worship is almost wholly in- throne. As he explains the law not to man alone, dividualistic, ceremonial, a matter of custom and but to the whole universe, human and animal, de- tradition. Yet almost all of the countryside ob- mon and divine, his disciples listen attentively at serve it at times. It is doubtless a primitive his side; later mythical Boddisats, that is "world animism down to date. saviors," such as the Goddess of Mercy, the God *** of Wealth, the "Laughing" Buddha were placed More elaborate forms of worship are seen in in the side courts.

the Taoist and Buddhist temples. Let us visit Priests of the two sects are readily distin- these. Here is one of the finest of the former guished, the Taoist wearing the high knotted hair sect. It runs with many a curve-cornered roof and the small surrounding skull cap of ancient and main and side courts, most picturesquely up scholars, while the Buddhist bonze is close the side of the mountain. Taoism is a sect of cropped and has the nine signs burned deep upon Chinese origin. Within the walls are images of his crown. The liturgy also differs, the Buddhists

being lavishly supplied with sutras, etc., from will be roasted later and the meat distributed their land of origin, while the .Taoist books are among the eminent. What will it all mean to the much more meager and of native source. participant? This chiefly, that he has again hon- Though the differences are wide the similarities ored his country's "uncrowned king" by a great are also striking for the Taoist has borrowed feast and ceremony, and that the Sage must as- widely from his ancient rival. This is especially suredly send some favor his way. Would not even true when it comes to worship. If the occasion is an ordinary host do so?

the birthday of some chief deity, the crowds gath- *** er indiscriminately in either type of temple. Then the rumble of drum, the shrill blast of horns and In Mohammedan mosques still other Chinese pipes, the wild vibrations of big gongs fill the air gather. These come in groups, and may be seen while from the wide platform opposite the main at regular intervals of a few hours, but more nuidols a great theatrical is presented to the gods merously toward evening. Each must first make in particular and to the people incidentally. Thus himself (there are no women present) ceremonithe gods are presumably highly honored and peo- ally clean by washing in an adjoining building. ple and priests are temporarily pleased and doubt- At the appointed time all enter the gratifyingly less are much prospered for their entertainment. clean hall of worship, stand in rows along strips How could the gods but hear, see and be benevo- of straw matting and face toward Mecca. The local leader, the A-hung, takes his place in front lent! and all follow him in responses when in prayer, On ordinary days the foot-weary worshiper in repetitions when voicing sacred texts, in kneel- ings and prostrations when showing submission. winds his way up the long road to either centre, There are no images, no cash paper, candles or stops at each glaring guard and giant god to burn incense, but neither is there usually found praise his incense and candles, then raises his hands in or preaching. Each set hour finds its set routine salutation. Arrived in the main hall, he usually finds a priest ready to sound a bell, or drum, or or ritual. gong, to call the attention of the deity. Then the worshiper presents his offerings, burns his cash *** paper and prostrates himself nine times in peti- There are many modes of worship in many tion. One rarely hears uttered prayer, but a places, yet China's most sacred spot would seem glance at anxious faces tells frequently that rev- to be none of these. That is reserved for the fam- erence and hope lie deep within. Then the many ily altar, or ancestral hall. There are found the side courts and their images must be visited and tablets to departed parents and relatives, the an- worshiped. Who knows which of the many hun- cestors of the clan. Many of these are also en- dreds of gods may be the one to really attend and shrined vividly in the memories of the living.

have compassion. They but a few years ago were men and women *** who held chief authority in the family, and are A visit to a Confucian temple finds worship readily held as still possessing great power over more rarely conducted. One can usually by a side their descendants, even though they are now in- gate gain entrance to its commodious grounds and visible inhabitants of the land of darkness.

wander about its courts almost any day and be Though dead they still are considered as needing absolutely alone. Possibly an old gate-keeper fol- many things to be supplied from this land of lows at a distance to note that no depredation light. They need food, clothing, servants, shelter, is done. Here are no idols, only tablets in black money gifts of various sorts and especially obedi- and gold to recall the name and "spirit throne" ence and honor.

of the great Sage and many of his eminent disci- Each soul has, at death, in some mysterious ples. This silence is broken but once or twice a way become th~ee. One has gone to its reward year and that deep in the night when a viceroy in in the future wbrld by way of the City God Tem- olden days, or a governor today, with all attend- ple. A second dwells in the body in the grave.

ant high estate and scholars of standing, comes to The third now resides in the tablet in the guest· offer the great sacrifice. room or hall. Each must be worshiped appropri- There is much music upon ancient instruments, ately. This is done not alone by ordinary candle posturing and prostrations before the tablets and and incense, but by elaborate ceremonies at death calls of procedure and precedence from a director and regularly afterwards with bowls of food and of ceremonies, but the heart of the worship would drink, lavish wealth in gold and silver imitation appear to be a great feast in honor of the de- sycee, also regular supplies of paper-made money, parted worthies. Bullocks, sheep, goats, hogs gowns and homes, horses and boats, and even to- have been slain and their carcasses are to be seen day autos and the best of radio sets. The eldest resting upon big frames before the tablets. They male representative is usually delegated to such

duties, but at the graves and other important oc- classes for sacred sutras,.in temple and mosque, casions all participate. but nowhere now-a-days does one find the mes- senger burning with his message of the way of *** life, temporal and eternal. Prayer there is in abundance, as we have seen, but though at times It is sometimes said that the Chinese as a race it dwells doubtless sincerely in the hearts of worare not religious. It may be true that they are not shipers, yet it is but rarely that it ever finds utemotionally and mystically so deeply as are cer- terance and is too frequently an apparently pertain others, but the above examples, and many functory performance. Ceremonies also, though more smaller sects that might be reviewed are occasionally graceful, dignified and showing signs assuredly ample proof that this factor of life is of a probable past purpose, seem often today to not omitted. The truth is they have many reli- lack both significance and sincerity, mere forms gions. In their long history they have been which custom has continued and from which the brought into contact with almost all of the world's soul has long since departed. The worshiper great efforts in seeking the secrets of life. Almost moves mechanically, the priests drone more than all have made in some part their appeal and have half drowsily, the visitors to the place saunter still their followers. Indeed, it may be said in about and talk and barter and banter, as though truth there is almost none of her great fourth of a temple were not a "place of prayer" and worthe human family that does not worship some- ship but a public street or mart. how, sometime. Even the occasional sceptic bends sufficiently to family and social pressure to follow Here and there, over the great land, other the ceremonials of the ancestral cult and probably groups are gathering in ever growing strength the Buddhist and Taoist ceremonies at funerals. and depth of spiritual insight. They form the Christian Church. As such they have indeed a Yet though there is much worship in many mighty mission, for to them is given, not alone to forms, and though its long continuance and wide share a more valid vision of God and a more distribution show the same need in the hearts of worthy way of living, as revealed in Christ, but Chinese as in those of other countries for help through them is coming a new and vitalizing rethat is super-human, still there seems for the soul lationship in worship. For with Christians, worof the Christian much to be supplied. This begins ship is at its heart not alone praise and prayer with the very basis of religious life, an imperfect and prophesying, essential though these may be, view of the source of all aid, an impure vision of but is basically the bringing of the whole man into that all-embracing Power who is Creator, Com- the very presence of his Maker, so that he may go forter, Guide and Goal, the God and Father of all forth into life, with heart and head and hands remankind. directed, rededicated, re-empowered to live the God-life among his fellows. Assuredly the Christ Lacking this basic experience one finds in their is China's need! worship no great outbursts of spontaneous gratitude, no paeans of heart-felt and heart-filled For "there is no other Name under heaven given praise, no swelling organs with choirs and psalms among men, whereby we must be saved." All and hymns. Nor is there great public preaching. other ways and their worship are, at best, but There have been schools where the tenets of Con- sign-posts pointing to Him. fucius have been most carefully taught, and God Revealed in Human Flesh Today "I have never seen Jesus, but I have seen Dr. Shepard," was the remark of a poor Arme- nian, who had seen the Christ-like service of that great medical missionary to the Near East.

This utterance expresses one great Christian truth: Christ continues to reveal God through the lives of his followers.

A missionary in China once told the story of Jesus for the first time to a group of peo- ple in an inland town. When he had finished someone said: "Ah, yes, we knew Him; He used to live here."

Somewhat surprised, the missionary said, "No, He lived centuries ago in another land."

The man still insisted that he had seen Jesus, saying, "Not so, He lived in this village, and we knew Him." Whereupon the crowd conducted the missionary to the village cemetery and showed him the grave of a medical missionary who had lived, served, healed and died in that community.

Christ's spirit taketh breath again Each changing age beholds afresh Within the lives of holy men. Its word of God in human flesh.

A Chinese VieV-The Christian

I~T By PROFESSOR P. C. HSU, Peiping, China I]1: •.

'."1.1. Acting Dean, School of Religion, Yenching University ,~~~~~========~~~========~==~~ I N order successfully to present the Christian of tolerance on the part of China's religionists. Gospel to China it is first of all necessary to For centuries the three religions of China have define its relationship to China's spiritual her- been living at peace under the same roof and re- itage and her present day aspirations. ligious wars have never occurred throughout Chi- Confucia,nism, Taoism and Buddhism are the nese history. It is not rare for the members of three religions that have dominated the intellec- the same family to espouse th~se religions at the tual and spiritual world of China. Confucianism same time. This spirit of tolerance, praiseworthy is humanistic; Taoism is nat- as it is, may, nevertheless, tend uralistic and Mahayana Bud- -~~:> ~~ to lesson one's religious convic- dhism is atheistic. In none of ~ s'~-2&> ~ <~ = tions and zeal. Can Christianthese religions is there a dis- L -~:::)__ – ity enable man to combine to1- tinct conception of God; nor is eration with conviction?

there a conscious sense of sin. Nationalism and communism The first question, therefore, are the two political and eco- for every Christian, whether nomic forces contending for su- missionary or Chinese, paid premacy in China. The former worker or layman, to ask is, is the direct result due to the "How can Christianity success- impact of the West. Under the fully create a feeling of reality leadership of Dr. Sun Yat Sen, concerning God and human sin- who started the Nationalist fulness on the part of the Chi- revolution forty years ago, nese whose spiritual heritage is China is gradually achieving a almost devoid of such a con- national consciousness. Old loy- sciousness? alties, based on the family and The Chinese viewpoint, as —=='';::,..:– the person of the emperor, are taught by the s e religions, giving way to new ones based CHIN~~DD:to'i:~~i ~iR;WJs WISE though not theistic, is, however, on national solidarity. Because not unspiritual. According to it there is a real of Christianity's association with Western nations community of spirit between man and the uni- it naturally does not escape the somewhat hostile verse. The typical Chinese philosophy can best be attitude of the Nationalists. The cry against "tol- characterized as "ethical realism." By this is eration clauses," and the insistence upon govern- meant that the universe and life are both real, ment registration and control of Christian educa- that they are both good and that the sage is the tional institutions now, and probably of churches one who embodies and exemplifies cosmic and ethi- and other Christian organizations in the future, cal virtues. Though this cannot be said to be are indicative of such attitudes. Though most characteristic of Buddhism, yet to a considerable Christians would probably sympathize with most extent Buddhism was affected by this spirit of Nationalistic aspirations, and would even be will- ethical realism. This view of the universe and ing to support them, the question must be asked: life should at once serve as a challenge and an en- "How can the Nationalistic movement be so guid- couragement to Christianity: a challenge because ed that eventually it will contribute to the welfare it is not fully theistic-an encouragement because of the whole world?" Between nationalism and it is not materialistic and sordid. In other words, imperialism there is only a thin partition, as his- the question should be asked: "How can ethical tory has clearly shown. How to avoid the pitfalls and religious values be fully synthesized ?" of narrow nationalism and how to lead it on to the One further factor to bear in mind is the spirit road of broad and effective internationalism is a [534] question that must concern every Christian states- Chinese. It has not been fully naturalized, as is man. clearly shown by the anti-Christian movement.

The communistic menace in China is certainly The awareness of this fact on the part of Chi- very real. In less than ten years the communistic nese Christians, together with the policy of re- movement has successfully intrenched itself in trenchment on the part of foreign mission boards certain parts of central China. Its clear-cut pro- necessitated by post war economical and religious gram for social and economic revolution, and its conditions in the West, has served as a stimulus somewhat over-simplified, apparently materialis- giving rise to a new church consciousness. The tic but really idealistic, social philosophy, make a last two decades have witnessed the rise of inde- strong appeal, especially to the student class. At pendent Chinese churches throughout the land, the same time it does not hesitate to employ the self-supporting, self-governing and self-propagat- methods of class hatred and warfare. Can the ing; the formation of the Continuation Commit- Christian movement in China help the National- tee, which is now the National Christian Council, ists to carry out their program for bettering and other co-relating agencies; the founding of "people's livelihood" and avoid the unnecessary the Chinese Home Missionary Society with sta- wastefulness and cruelty inherent in the commun- tions in Yunnan, Heilunkiang and Mongolia; the ist program? In other words, the Christian emergence of the Church of Christ in China, Movement must face the question as to whether which is a movement for organic unity claimihg it is able to give adequate spiritual guidance and a membership of almost one third the total Prot- dynamic to the Chinese nation when it 'is facing estant population; and the launching of the Five problems determining its destiny. Year Movement which aims at the numerical in- The much talked about anti-Christian move- crease of the number of Christians and the deep- ment can be summed up in a few words. Roughly 'ening of their spiritual life. There is thus a grow- speaking, there are three distinct groups. We ing consciousness for an "indigenous church"

have already seen the reasons why some National- which was defined by the China delegation to the ists are opposed to Christianity. The communists Jerusalem Conference as "one that is more adapt- are anti-Christian, partly because, starting from ed to the religious needs of the Chinese people, their materialistic presuppositions, they are in- more congenial to Chinese life and culture and evitably opposed to religion in all forms, and more effective in arousing in the Chinese Chris- partly because they regard Christianity as a most tians a sense of responsibility."

potent foe to the proletariat. In addition, there The Chinese Christian leaders do not see any in- is a third group, namely, the rationalists. They compatibility between this rising church con- regard religion as something outgrown, and an sciousness and the presence of foreign mission- impeding force to human progress. Members of aries. They realize that the Christian task should this last group lay great emphasis upon modern more and more be conceived in terms of give and science and democracy but they refuse to admit take, and that Christianity must remain interna- any connection between these on the one hand and tional in character. What they do insist on is the Christianity on the other. So the question here is, qualities needed in the missionaries. Thus the "How can such a connection be actually demon- China delegation to Jerusalem said in its report: strated both in history and in the contemporary The missionaries should have Christian character and life of Christian nations and individuals?" faith, a spirit of toleration of other religious faiths; in- It is a familiar fact to students of Christian ternational and inter-racial fellowship; a desire for Chrismissions that Christianity entered China at four tian unity; a wiIlingness to work under Chinese direction, different periods: the Nestorians in the 7th cen- if necessary, and a passion for personal friendship. The tury, the Franciscans in the 13th, the Jesuits to- missionaries should have in addition to general education special education for specific work, previous experience; ward the end of the 16th and the Protestants at , knowledge of the Chinese language; understanding of the the beginning of the 19th. Though the Nestorians purpose of the Christian movement in China and a knowl- edge of Chinese culture and of Chinese contemporary and the Franciscans left few traces of their work, problems.

it is generally conceded that the Roman Catholics and especially the Protestants, have achieved re- This growing church consciousness, however, is markable results in the fields of evangelism, edu- only a means to an end. The supreme task of the cation, philanthropy and medicine. Many mis- Christian movement is to radiate the life and sionaries, both Roman Catholic and Protestant, spirit of Jesus Christ and to make it prevail in the exemplified a spirit of self-sacrifice and devotion, life of man. For this reason nothing can be more and in a real sense, may be regarded as pioneers important than for the participants in the Chris- of modern China. In spite of this, however, it tian movement to acquire a first hand religious must also be. admitted that Christianity is still experience and appreciation of the life, the teach- looked upon as a foreign religion by an average ings and spirit of Jesus Christ, for without this

there can be no adequate and efficacious program story, and that picture–what can be more artistic for personal, religious and social reconstruction. and more sacred? Because Jesus can move others We must let Jesus Christ make His own impres- so deeply, He is fit to be the great master of mansion upon the lives of men and we are confident kind." that such impression is now being made, even upon the non-Christians. Anyone who reads the In his article entitled, "Christianity and the following testimonies-the first by a non-Chris- Chinese People," Chen Tu-hsiu said in part: "I tian Nationalist and the last by one who is now a wish that the spirit of love and the self-sacrifice communist-cannot doubt the truth of this state- of Jesus could be injected into the blood of the ment. Says the Nationalist, Tien Han: Chinese race who are suffering from spiritual apathy and inaction." "Whenever I feel weak and incapable of any artistic production, whenever I fall into quarrel with At the same time it is our duty as Christians Qthers, and whenever I lack inward peace and be- to reflect in our lives and through our deeds the ~ome sleepless, I usually surround myself with the spiritual power and the glory of Jesus so as to poems and novels of Hugo, Tolstoy and Goethe, make it available to other people. This neceswith the musical compositions of Beethoven· and sarily implies truly Christian personal living, Wagner, with the sculptures of Rodin and with group action, and adequate ways and means for th~ paintings of Millet. But all these objects implanting Christian ideals and idealism in the which surround me seem to launch a united attack life of man and in the social order. upon me, and consequently they give me no peace. But curiously enough at such times, if I reflect on Some of the problems we have raised may seem the 'unspeakable' attitude of Jesus, peace grad- to be too difficult and even out of place, but it is ually dawns on me. I recall the Bible story of a the writer's conviction that these problems must sinful woman, who, upon learning that Jesus was be courageously and persistently faced by all sitting at the dinner table in a pharisee's house, Christians. One great comforting thought is that brought an alabaster cruse of ointment, and stand- we Christians have an unlimited and inexhausting behind sat at his feet, and anointed them with ible spiritual resource to draw upon, for the inthe ointment. That woman, that Jesus, that dwelling Spirit of God is unceasingly at work and is only waiting for our cooperation.

What Jesus Christ Does for Me* He shows me the possibility and duty of a man as to character and service.

In the effort to attain this for myself, He does for me what I know I cannot do for my- self, and what I have never found any friend, however dear, able to do for me.

He gives me a clearer moral vision and the courage to try to live by that vision.

He gives me the desire to work in the world as intensely as He worked.

He kindles me, when I grow sluggish or indifferent, to a positive and aggressive antagon- ism to evil within and without.

He gives me confidence in the truth and so helps me to rest, no matter what happens in the world, because I know that God and the truth must prevail.

He gives me grace and strength to try, at least, things that I know are impossible, and to attempt, first of all, the things that are hardest to be done.

He helps me to keep on when I have to, even though I know I cannot.

He helps me to keep the central things clear and not to be fogged and broken down by the accessories and secondary things.

He gives me a new and inward living principle.

He reveals my difference from the God I see in Him, as sin; and forgives it and deals with it and all that it involves by His Cross.

Lastly, I believe that He is Himself the principle of Life and that there is another per- sonality that would not be there if it had not been for Him and if it were not for Him today.

ROBERT E. SPEER.

* From an address before an interdenominational gathering in Chicago.

Ne-w Horizons for Chinese

..:{ By KATHARINE R. GREEN, Amoy, China I!:"

Missionary of the Reformed Church in America ACCORDING to tradition, a Chinese woman the household drudge, the mother of many chil- ..£l.. never escaped from her subjection to man. dren. . Before marriage, the girl must be obedient The Revolution of 1911 began a new era for the to her father, after marriage her husband ruled women of China. This was shown in the subse- her;, and, when she became a widow, she must be quent interest taken in the education of the girls.

guided by her eldest son. As a matter of fact, Before that time there were scarcely any schools even in the old days, a woman's position in the for girls except those established by the missions.

family improved the moment she became the After the Revolution there sprang up many mother of a son; and when she herself became schools, both public and private, and to these a mother-in-Iaw-if her own mother-in-law were schools flocked the girls. The number who could dead-she assumed a position of authority in the enter these schools was very small compared with family. Indeed, the mother of sons usually ruled those who were still outside, but the attitude of the family with but little interference from her the people towards education for girls was husband and less from her sons. changed. Today a girl who is deprived of an edu- Still China has always been a land of para- cation feels herself abused or at least unfortu- doxes. The Empress Dowager was seated on the nate.

Dragon Throne; a thousand mothers-in-law in Before the Great Revolution there were a num- their own homes achieved positions of dignified ber of Chinese women who had, because of their authority, but at the same time thousands of native ability, their winning personalities and the girls were annually sold into domestic slavery. opportunities for development given them by the These unfortunates became servants or concubines and were -literally without pow- er over even their own bodies.

In "old" China, the posi- tion of the wife (there were no "old maids") was well recognized and dignified.

She could not, with impu- nity, be grossly mistreated by either her husband or his family, for her father and brothers would not allow their clan to be so humili- ated. Knowing this, a fam- ily would hesitate to give the daughter-in-law within its walls great cause for com- plaint. THREE GENERATIONS IN A CHINESE CHRISTIAN FAMILY Under the old regime the position of woman was by no means debased, but mission schools, risen to positions of importance it was one of very limited scope. The individual and great usefulness. Such a woman is Dr. Mary was allowed little opportunity for self-expression Stone. In the different great centers of China, not and youth was repressed until the girls were often a few of these outstanding women are now well so timid that they were afraid to dream of any- past middle life. They do not belong to the old thing different from the usual career of woman, regime, but are rather harbingers of the new day.

[ 537]

For the most part, these women received the Y. W. C. A. is attempting to help these working best which the mission schools could offer, but, women of the more ignorant class and is offering in those days, there were no high schools and col- them opportunities which they have never before leges for women in China. In these women was had.

lighted a flame of Christian idealism, and as they Chinese women have not only joined the ranks saw the great opportunities for serving their of the employed, but some have gone into busi- more ignorant sisters their light burned stead- ness for themselves. The February number of fastly with a warm ardor as they taught the The Chinese Recorder tells the fascinating story young, tended the sick and preached in the homes of how Miss Tang Ping-yu of Chang-sha became the Word of Life. Without these truly great a business woman. Nine or ten years ago she Christian women a new day for Chinese women was moved with pity for some destitute women could scarcely have dawned. The influence of who came to her for charity and determined to their lives and labors is beyond estimate. provide work for them by which they might earn Today in China we see women occupying every their daily rice. Miss Tang has now more than sort of position of responsibility. They are ex- 130 women working for her and has on sale vari- cluded from no field of activity to which they may ous kinds of embroidery, woven cloth, dyed goods aspire. and rugs. She is a Christian and is extremely They are teaching school-from kindergarten interested in providing for the social needs of her to college. They are holding executive posts as workers. She has regularly set aside a sum of head-mistresses of large schools. They are lead- money for the benefit of those who become sick ers in Y. W. C. A. work, and in all of the activi- and hopes soon to arrange for a suitable place to ties which that implies. They have become open a school for the children of the workers.

nurses, with a national association whose aim is In the life of the Church, also, the Chinese to elevate the profession by means of examina- women are beginning to be given posts of respon- tions and periodic conventions. They have be- sibility. Indeed, the Church of Christ in China come doctors and good doctors, too. They have has advanced further along this line than have become translators of foreign books into Chinese many of the more conservative western churches.

and have done original writing as well. In a recent report of the Chinese Church of South In the industrial life of the nation, also, women Formosa, we learn that of their 282 elders ten are women and of their 417 deacons, seventy-five are women.

Of the great problems of readj ustment which' con- front China, none is of more importance than the enlightenment of her wom- en. No nation can rise above the level of its wom- en. It is well, therefore, for the future of China, that some of her young daughters are fired with a great zeal to bring to the womanhood of China the best the world can offer.

They feel the need of fitting themselves to become wor- thy of the tasks which await them on every hand.

GROUP OF STUDENTS, GINLING COLLEGE For this reason they have sought training in the best are taking a great share. Multitudes in such a schools and colleges in the land.

center as Shanghai have left their homes to be- Already the Chinese women are working come factory workers. But their right to a living shoulder to shoulder with the men for the sup- wage, reasonable working hours and safety de- pression of vice and crime, for child welfare, for vices to protect their lives is worthy of more at- the relief of famine suffering, for patriotic propa- tention than it is getting at present. The ganda, and for the betterment of social conditions.

Evidences of Life In

Cfhe Church Yesterday, Cfoday and Cfomorrow I.of By the REV. A. R. KEPLER, D. D., Shanghai I ): ""1.1. Secretary of the General Assembly of the Church of Christ in China ..

~====~==============================~ T HE yesterday of Protestant Christianity in was economically so situated as not to be able to China is not very long. The writer had per- serve as an evangelistic helper without salary and sonal acquaintance with one who had known as there was not yet a Christian group financially the first Protestant Chinese Christian. The pio- able to provide this salary, the Chinese evangelist neer missionaries were giants in the Christian was paid by a grant from the missionary society.

movement; but they had no experience to guide Such were the beginnings of the subsidized them in their task of propagating the Gospel and churches which formed a large portion of the planting ,the Church. They could only toil and Chinese Church of yesterday.

build by the trial and error system. The Church of yesterday was of necessity di- Each missionary society carried her own Chris- rected and controlled by the missionary. It could tian flower to China in hel' own denominational not well have been otherwise. Nevertheless, such flower pot with its bit of Western soil and planted leadership, too long continued, gave opportunity that Christian flower in China, soil and pot and to ardent patriots to taunt the Chinese Christian all. The result, after a hundred years of mis- with being "the running dog of foreigners" and sionary labor, was something like 130 different unrelated Christian groups or denominations, to the bewilderment of both Chinese Christian and non-Chris- tian alike. But what else could have been expected so long as they did not break that pot!

The Chinese convert became a Dutch Reformed Christian or a Scotch Pres- byterian, or an American Baptist or an English Episcopalian, not out of any appreciation of the historic distinctions which created these denominations, but because that particular 'denomination happened to be operating in that par- ticular area in which that particular in- dividual lived.

There was a similar duplication of our Western denominational machinery in the building of the infant Church. A CHINESE EVANGELIST, "LITTLE ANGEL," AND THE No opportunity was afforded the emerg- CHRISTIAN CONGREGATION HE HAS BUILT UP ing Church to express herself in organization to deride the Church as a foreign organization.

more congenial to Chinese life and customs and The major portion of the missionary societies conventions. very early recognized the need of establishing When the pioneer missionary began his labors, schools and colleges, not only to educate the chil- it was generally the poor and lowly with whom dren of our Christians but to provide an ade- he was able to establish his first contacts. The quate, educated Chinese leadership for the Church.

first Christians in any community were usually Without such leadership we could little expect to the peasant, the petty shop keeper and the un- realize an indigenous, self-governing, self-propa- skilled laborer. The missionary felt the need of gating, self-reliant Church.

a "native helper" to carryon locally while he him- Among non-Christian Chinese the home has self journeyed to the next city or market town been the center of religious life and nurture. In to light the torch there. But as the Christian the early period of the Church it was very rare [ 539 ]

to find a home in which both parents were Chris- This Church, in these five years since its for- tians. Moreover they were usually illiterate. mation, has been adding to its number until What more natural than that the responsibility now it includes the churches that are the fruitage for the religious nurture of their children should of 14 missionary societies from three continents.

be transferred to the mission schools which near- Baptists, Congregationalists, Methodists, Pres- ly all the children of Christians attended. byterians, Reformed, United Brethren, constitute Before we leave the Chinese Church of yester- this united Church-none of them leaving behind day we are compelled to pay our tribute to the those distinctive possessions in faith and practice builders of that Church. Their exaltation of which had enriched their past, but all bringing Christ as the matchless Lord and all sufficient their particular contribution to the enrichment Saviour; their belief in a wonder-working God of all.

through whose help the Christian can make the The Church of Christ in China embraces in her impossible become actual; their assertion of the General Assembly fourteen synods and seventy- reality of the spiritual and their emphasis on the four district associations. Her far-flung fron- mystical elements of our religion, created a tiers extend from the northernmost limits of Man- Church that "met the tyrant's brandished steel" churia to sub-tropical Hainan and from Shanghai and proved a worthy member of that "fellowship on the coast to the Tibetan foot-hills in western Divine". The Church of today and tomorrow dare Szechuan. Of her 823 churches, 302 are wholly not and would not be less insistent upon the im- self-supporting. There are, in addition, over portance of these realities. 1,300 organized church groups meeting regularly The Chinese Church of Today for worship, but not yet constituted as churches.

In the Chinese Church of today we see a note- The communicant membership is over 125,000 worthy achievement in church unity. Various (almost one-third of all Chinese Protestant com- factors have contributed toward this. The early municants), with a full-time evangelistic force of missionaries felt their solitariness. This drove more than 450 ordained ministers and over 1,500 them to closer personal interdenominational fel- evangelists and Bible-women.

lowship than is usually found in the West. This When Christ prayed that His disciples might revealed to them such a wealth of Christian faith "be one," as He and the Father are one, we be- and experience and practice that they had in com- lieve He meant organic unity for His disciples.

mon, as'to render trivial and insignificant the tra- Apart from this justification for the united ditions, beliefs and practices upon which they Church in China, the Church of Christ in China differed. The growing Chinese constituency, be- has discovered not a few valuable by-products.

wildered by the 130 denominational varieties and The union is assisting the Church in discovering unappreciative of their historic value, were in no an organization indigenous in character, suited to mood to perpetuate this multiplicity of sects. The Chinese culture, customs and practices. It en- enterprise of winning China for Christ is so colos- ables the Chinese Christians more freely to form- sal an undertaking that nothing short of a united ulate Christian truth expressive of Chinese Church is adequate for the task. thought and life and to discover new truth to a It is not surprising that out of such a situation greater degree than would be possible if the should emerge an adventure in Church unity more daring than had yet been attempted among Protestant commun- ions elsewhere.

In October, 1927, when the churches in the West were viewing with no little alarm the future of the Christian move- ment in China, there met in Shanghai delegates officially appointed by their churches from all parts of China, to or- ganize after years of prayerful confer- ence, a united Church. They refused, however, to include the word "united"

in the name for they contended that. its inclusion would imply that there had been a time when the Chinese Chris- tians were not united. The name adopted is "The Church of Christ in COMMUNITY CHURCH CONDUCTED BY AMERICAN METHODISTS China." IN CHENGTU, WEST CHINA

SOME EVIDENCES OF LIFE IN CHINA

churches perpetuate Western organ- ization, Western modes of thought and Western ways of expression.

Such a union enables the constitu- ent groups to pool their spiritual and administrative experiences. The leadership must be pooled if the Church is to take over the functions hitherto exerc~ed by missions. No single denominational group has adequate manpower and financial re- sources. Furthermore such a larger church union lifts workers out of a relatively narrow sectional and de- nominational setting and enables them to enjoy the benefits of a nation-wide affiliation; it will also help toward establishing political unity for the nation. It helps to re- CHINESE CHILDREN-THE FUTURE CHRISTIAN LEADERS duce the number of administrative units in the Christian movement in China and prohibiting religious worship and instruction in thus greatly facilitates united planning and primary schools, compel the Church to restore the action, both within the Church in China and in task of Christian nurture to the home and to the cooperation with the older Churches of the West. church-school. The Chinese Church is at present, This union has created a situation where it is therefore, giving particular emphasis to the natural for leadership to pass to the shoulders of christianizing of the home, and still greater em- the Chinese where it should rest. This does not phasis to the preparation of suitable teaching ma- imply that missionaries no longer hold positions terial and to the training of teachers for Chris- of responsibility within the Church. On the con- tion religious instruction of adults, youth and trary, they are urged to be full members of this children. Without this, it is a well-nigh vain hope Chinese Church and every place of honor and re- to realize a Christian home. Moreover religious sponsibility is open to missionary and Chinese on education, in the truest meaning of that term, is an equal basis. now being commonly accepted as the most fruit- Self-support has also been promoted. The ful and effective form of evangelism.

Kwangtung Synod has made a distinction between Not for fifteen years has the response to the a self-supporting church and one that receives a Christian message in China been so encouraging subsidy. The latter is called a probationary as at present. To the mature and to youth alike church. The Kwangtung Synod has thirty-one there seems to have come the realization that nei- self-supporting churches whose combined budget ther nationalism nor science is sufficient to sat- totals to over $50,000 (native currency), a per isfy their individual, their social or national capita contribution of $7.40. In the Swatow area needs. More and more Chinese are trying Christ during the last two years the churches increased and are finding Him altogether satisfying.

their contributions from $36,764 to $51,717 and Students are manifesting a new interest in or- 69% of the stipends in that synod come from Chi- ganized Christianity. In recent years their atti- nese sources. The South Fukien Synod, with 10,- tude was expressed by the slogan "exalt Christ, 000 communicants, has the custom of observing down with the Church." The result was that the first Sunday in each year for a Thankoffering after these students left their school or univer- Sunday. Usually this amounts to more than sity, they had no fellowship in which to maintain $17,000. If we compare the stipend of a pastor or express their Christian faith and interest. In of this synod and that of a pastor of the average consequence they were often lost to both the church in America, this sum would be the equiva- Church and to Christ.

lent of $50,000 U. S. currency. The Church of Christ in China has a secretary, The Chinese Church is alert to the changing Miss Chen Wen-hsien, to articulate this serious, conditions and the new demands that arise in a flaming, consecrated youth with the life and work nation in revolution. If the Church of yesterday, of the Church.· Recently Miss Chen spent a week of necessity, made the school instead of the home with the students of our middle schools in Swa- the place for the religious nurture of the children tow, and there met them in the quiet atmosphere of our Christians, the government regulations of the small discussion group. Under her guid-

ance the students faced their own personal needs, ligions in China. The question is not whether the adequacy of Jesus Christ for their lives and Christianity will win over Buddhism and Taoism the Church as the agency and fellowship through and the other non-Christian faiths. The problem which to serve Christ and China. At the end of in the minds of not a few earnest, sincere and that week fifty-four young men and fifty young influential leaders in the task of national reconwomen requested to be admitted into the fellow- struction is whether there will be any place at all ship of our Church in Swatow. for religion in a modern state such as young China is pas,sionately engaged in building. The Church of Tomorrow What a tragedy it would be for. China and for If the Chinese Church were a mechanism in- the world if a new China should emerge, ignoring stead of a living organism, it would be compara- religion, spurning Christ! We can be definitely tively simple to assume the role of a prophet and sure what Christ has in mind for the Chinese to delineate the Church of tomorrow. The task Church of tomorrow. We know the zeal and debecomes the more difficult in view of the spirit votion of the Chinese leadership. The missionof revolution which today is challenging and af- aries are undaunted, seeing with the eye of faith fecting every existing institution and every phase through the present mists a Christian China. The of Chinese life and activity. unknown equation is whether or not the older Churches in the West will get behind the younger It is both encouraging and sobering to realize Church so that, when this revolution will have that Christianity today is the favored religion in spent its force and a modern state will have China. The restrictions which are being imposed emerged, China will not be modernly pagan but upon Christianity are being imposed upon all re- a China in which we shall find Christ Lord of all.

Some Important Dates in Chinese History From New Edition of "China, Yesterday and Today" By PROF. E. T. WILLIAMS. Published by Thomas Y. Crowell, New York. 1932 B.C. A.D. 2356-Probable date of accession of Yao, the first 1898-Empress Dowager seizes government, impris- ruler mentioned in the Book of History. ons emperor, September 22.

841-Chinese historical period commences. 1899-Boxer Society organized. 1900-China de- clares war, June 20. 551-Birth of Confucius. 479-Death of Confucius. 372-Birth of Mencius. 1900-Allied forces enter Peking, August 14. 1901- Peace signed at Peking, September 7. 214-Great Wall begun; completed 204. 1906-Imperial Edict in preparation for constitutional A.D. government, September l. 65-Buddhism introduced. 618-Mohammedanism introduced. 1908-Death of the emperor, Kuanghsti; death of the Empress Dowager, Tzu-hsi. 635-First Christian missionaries (Nestorian) ar- rived at the capital. 1911-0utbreak of Revolution, October 10.

1275-Marco Polo reached Peking. 1912-Sun Yat-sen President of Southern Prov- 1516-Portuguese first arrived in China. 1557- inces. Yuan Shih-kai inaugurated Provision- Portuguese settle at Macao. al President of China, March 10. – 1637-First British vessel arrives at Canton. 1922-Nine-Power Treaty relating to territorial in- 1644-Manchus capture Peking. tegrity of China signed at Washington, Feb- 1784-First American vessel, "Empress of China," ar- ruary 6. rives at Canton, August 28. 1925-Sun Yat-sen dies at Peking, March 12. 1807-Robert Morrison, first Protestant missionary, reaches Canton. 1925-Riot at Shanghai, May 30. Killing of Chinese by police leads to boycott of British trade. 1843-Shanghai opened, November 17. 1844-First American treaty with China. 1927-Nationalists take Nanking, March 24; attack foreign residents. 1851-Taiping Rebellion began. 1864-General Gor- don disbands forces. 1931-People's Constitutional Convention assembles at Nanking, May 5. Provisional Constitution 1873-Diplomatic Corps received in audience. 1875 -Kuanghsti proclaimed emperor, January 12. adopted, May 12.

1878-First Chinese envoy to the United States re- 1931-Japan seizes Shenyang (Mukden), Antung, ceived, October 28. Newchwang and other places, September 19.

1894-China and Japan declare war, August 1. 1895 1932-Japan bombards unfortified city of Shanghai, -Peace Treaty with Japan signed, April 17. January 28.

1932-Ex-Emperor Pu-yi installed as head of an in- dependent government of Manchuria, March 9.

Grow-th of the Church In

":11 By the REV. CHARLES L. BOYNTON, Shanghai Secretary of the National Christian Council of China DURING the past ten years China has under- porarily so far as the national movement was con- gone several major catastrophes. Added cerned. to its perennial economic pressure and the The movement for Christian cooperation has one thousand ills to which human flesh is heir, continued and the National Christian Conference while in the midst of what Dr. C. Y. Cheng has of 1922 of one thousand representative delegates, called its five simultaneous revolutions-political, with equal numbers of Chinese and Western lead- industrial, social, economic and religious-there ers, brought forth the National Christian Council have been the catastrophes of which has continued to func- civil war, banditry, protracted tion with increasing effective- drought in the Northwest, ness during the past ten years.

unprecedented floods in the In 1927 the Council sought to Yangtze Valley, and invasion in resume its statistical depart- Manchuria and at Shanghai. ment. Simultaneously with How has the Church of Christ this endeavor, however, there fared in the midst of these? came the major catastrophe of The Christian Westerner has a new phase of the political been accustomed to view China revolution resulting in the Nan- from the missionary angle. The king incident of March 24 and great conference of 1907, cele- the evacuation to the coast of brating the completion of one over ninety per cent of the for- hundred years of missionary eign Christian leaders of the effort, brought together one Church for a considerable pe- thousand missionaries fro m riod. Figures for church work abroad but no Chinese Chris- had ordinarily been collected tian leaders. The seven con- by the missionaries from their ferences of 1913 under the Chinese colleagues. The Chi- chairmanship of Dr. John R. nese are not statistically-mind- Mott, and taking their cue from ed in the Western sense and the Edinburgh Conference, THIS IS, UNDER HEAVEN-THE GREATEST even such figures as could be came to a climax in the Nation- BOOK gathered w ere depressi!lg. . whl.Ch M any ' those days f al Conf erence over The testimony of General Feng Yu-Hsiang, II persecu- III printed on the cover of a Chinese Bible. I 0 one-third of the delegates were Chinese. An or- tion were not strong enough to resist the forces gan for interdenominational and international hostile to Cliristianity. Church authorities hardly Christian cooperation, the China Continuation dared to purge their church lists during the ab- Committee was formed, which rendered vahiible sence of their foreign colleagues and at the time service during the next nine years, meeting an- when it was difficult to locate a large proportion nually and training Christian leaders in coopera- of their members. The following year, after the tive thinking on a national scale. majority of missionaries p.ad returned to their Under the stimulus of the Interchurch World posts, inquiries were circulated as to the present Movement, the systematic collection of annual communicant church membership, but the re- statistics of Christian work reached its climax in suIts from the statistical point of view were most the publication early in 1922 of the outstanding discouraging.' During the period of stress church survey volume entitled, "The Christian Occupa- records were lost in hundreds of places and in tion of China." With this production the statis- others they had become so inaccurate that figures tical impulse seems to have exhausted itself tem- based upon them concealed rather than revealed [ 543]

the truth. Gradually the situation has been clear- In April of this year a study was made of the ing and it is possible once again to give figures communicant membership in the churches related with reference to the status of church member- to the thirty missionary societies having the ship. largest number of missionaries in China in 1931.

On January 1, 1930, after several months of These thirty societies had on their rolls last year preparation in local and national organizations, 4,683 missionaries or 74 per cent of the total re~ there was launched by the National Christian ported for the year (6,346), as compared with Council a Five-Year Movement whose motto was 5,957 for the same societies in 1923 as reported "Revive Thy Church 0 Lord, Beginning with Me," in the "World Missionary Atlas." In that Atlas with two objectives: first, deepening the spir- the churches related to these societies reported itual life of the Church; second, doubling its en- 365,445 of the total of 402,539 communicant mem- rolled membership. This movement came as a bers or 90.8 per cent of the whole. These same challenge to the defeatist spirit which has seized churches at the end of 1930 reported 402,383, a the churches in many parts of China. In many net growth of almost exactly ten per cent in eight parts it has come with a fresh challenge and ap- years.

peal and there has been a renewed faith and in- A second attempt to ascertain the present nucreased activities with consequent strengthening merical position of the churches is in the tabulaof faith in increased numbers. The Church in tion of the communicant membership of the twen- China has never doubled its number in a decade. ty-two churches affiliated with the National Chris- This requires not simply that every present mem- tian Council. (See accompanying table.) Owing ber should "win one" but that the gaps caused by to the fact that statistics for the largest of these, death, discipline and withdrawals shall be filled. the Church of Christ in China, are not available Half of the period of this Five-Year Movement before 1928 and that the printed reports of the has elapsed and one cannot state with certainty societies whose churches entered into this union the exact number of members of the churches as do not segregate those figures in earlier years by of January 1, 1930, which were to be doubled if synods, except as given in "The Christian Occupathese objectives were to be realized. The follow- tion of China," comparisons for some years are ing are figures for Protestant Churches reported not possible. These twenty-two churches in 1920 to successive missionary conferences in China: reported 243,479 communicant members and in Societies Total Number of 1930-306,534.

Year Working Missionaries Churches Communicants In estimating the total strength of the Protes- 1876 27 473 312 13,035 tant Churches in China one should add to this 1889 41 1,296 522 37,287 1906 82 3,833 178,251 figure those groups which are not yet affiliated 1919* 130 6,636 6,391 345,853 with the National Christian Council, of which the 1922t 138 7,663 5,424 402,539 largest are the China Inland Mission Churches Of the 138 societies in the 1922 figures only 95 with 74,180 members at the end of 1930, the Lu- reported church statistics of any kind, the others theran Church in China with about 27,000 mem- being Bible and literature societies (5), colleges bers, and the Seventh Day Adventists with 9,476 and universities (9), women's cooperating socie- members. There are about 35 other church ties (5), medical and philanthropic (5) and local bodies.

associations. Of the 95 societies reporting 14 so- These studies indicate that present communicities now cooperate in the Church of Christ in China, four in the Chung Hwa Sheng Kung Hwei cant membership of the Protestant Churches in (Anglican Communion), ten in the Sin I Hwei China is approximately 450,000, after making al- (Lutheran Church in China) ; the total of all socie- lowance for the heavy losses from 1925 onward ties reporting communicant members, represent- due to anti-Christian movements, anti-foreign ing at the present time (1932) 55 different movements, famine, flood and discouragements. churches. (It is therefore incorrect in calling attention to the state of disunion in the Church to There is a distinct forward movement now noutilize the total number of societies in the mission- ticeable in most parts of China. The Church has ary directories as an evidence of this disunity as proved its ability to withstand attacks of the sean actual majority of these are subsidiary co- verest kind, including the slaughter of its memoperating organizations affiliated with one or more bers by communists and bandits~ the withdrawal of the fifty-five churches above noted.) for considerable periods of foreign leadership upon which it had come to depend, the dimin- ishing subsidies for evangelistic and institu- • "The Christian Occupation of China" published in 1922 with tional work and the draft upon its leadership by figures for 1919. the entry into political life of many of its ablest men, who thought that they saw in the new Na- t The "World Missionary Atlas," published in 1925, based on the annual reporta for 1923 retlecting in turn field situations and conditions at the end of 1922.

GROWTH OF THE CHURCH IN CHINA

tionalist movements greater opportunities for 5 -English (b) 2,886 3,296 3,243 3,485 service to their fellowmen. 6 -Brethren 535 The Church has passed through danger, disil- 11,600 lusionment, depression, disaster and is emerging (C.B.M.) ……… 392 1,300 with new confidence and new hope for the task 1,881 18,098 14,096 which is impossible with men and only possible 7 Cong.-Kung Li Hui. 8,838 with God-the evangelization of a country so vast 48,694 that at the present time, with all the growth of 8 Lutheran- 10,467 Protestantism, it yet affords but one communicant 15,517 member for each thousand of the population! Swedish M.S. ….. 1,771 6,781 1,728 When these meager numbers are borne in mind, the influence which the Church has had in chang- 9 Methodist– 1,257 ing the social, political and economic trends in 7,859 China must be regarded as one of the outstand- M.E.F.B. (c) …… 42,720 46,024 63,581 ing miracles of modern missions. The Protestant 2,808 12,753 13,616 constituency of approximately a million has had 10 -M.E.S. .. 8,932 1,976 16,545 far more weight in these matters than the Roman 1,076 8,007 7,742 Catholic membership which now claims over two 11 -U.M.C…. 15,376 1,867 million members. The future is' filled with hope, 1,287 2,000 with much hard work, the necessity for prayer 12 -W.M.M.S. 0,403 and for the continued pressing in of a consecrated personnel from abroad prepared to share in this 13 Others-Ind. Sung…….. . stupendous task. 14 Ind. Shanghai ……… .

15 Ind. N. China . . . . . . . . ..

16 Christian-U.C.M.S. 1,154 1,506 1,542 7,234 6,809 17 Basel.. .. .. .. …. 7,096 3,260 18 United- 1,770 1,770 Canadian (d) … . 2,449 (f) 1,451 2,051 19 Cov.M.S……… . 1,976 1,966 20 Evangelical (e) .. 1,014 21 Rhenish ……… . 1,896 22 Meth. Prot……. . 773 Totals (f) …….. 243,479 306,534 COMMUNICANT MEMBERSHIP NOTES :-(A) 1920 figures are from "The Christian Occupation of China" page xci. except those for Church of Christ. which was Of Churches Affiliated with the National Christian Council not then in existence. The statistics of later constituents of this Compiled from Printed Reports and Correspondence Church are added here for reference only. Charles L. Boynton, Statistical Secretary April 30, 1932 (B) 1922 figures are from the "World Missionary Atlas" published in 1925. They are not in such form that Church of Christ and Southern 1920(A) 1922(B) 1928 1930 Baptist figures can be segregated. 105,755 1 Church of Christ …. 97,816 120,175 (a) Southern Baptist figures include only the Kwangtung·Kwangsi 32,281 and East China areas which cooperate with the NCC. 2 Sheng Kung Hui (h) Baptist Missionary Society (English) figures for 1920 and (Anglican) 20,606 22,200 1922 are from the Annual Reports, as the Shansi-Shensi d'stricts only are included throughout, the Shantung district being included with the 3 Baptist-South (a) Churches for 1929.

(S.B.C.) ………. 11,315 13,223 15,017 (c) The MEFB figures for 1930 are taken from the printed report 11,266 10,539 received April 26. 1932, and are apparently not on same basis as 4 -North preceding years. 'This affects the total figure given below.

(A.B.F.M.S.) …… 10,066 10,244 (d) Only West China figures of the United Church of Canada are includ€d. No printed report was issued for four years.

(e) The Evangelical figures in 1920 and 1922 include the former Evangelical Association and United Evangelical Churches now included in the Evangelical Church.

(f) Totals :-Owing to gaps, no totals are given except for 1920 and 1930. The latter total includes the figures of the Evangelical Churches for 1929.

THE AIM OF THE CHURCH OF CHRIST assurance that God, the Father Almighty, holds this universe in His hands and that, "neither The ultimate goal of the evangelistic work of height nor depth, nor things past nor things to the Church is many sided. It includes: come, can separate us from the love of God in Christ Jesus our Lord." These are some of the (1) To increase the membership of the Church. elements of the goal toward which the pastor and (2) To secure the decision to attend the serv- his people are working. To secure decisions for ices of the church. Few people will unite with Christ is of the essence of discipleship. the church if they are not attendants. (3) Sharing in the work of the church at C. E. B. home and abroad, with time, thought and means. (4) The proper religious training of children The Sequence-Lessons in God's School by example and word. (5) Creating true interest in the well-being of It has been said that world history can be told neighbors and of the community. in a cycle of six words-Peace, Prosperity, Pride, (6) But the essential goal is to lead men and War, Poverty, Peace. women to decide to take Jesus Christ as Lord and to pledge allegiance to Him in this life and the Let us hope that the "poverty" from which the life to come. The real goal is to bring men and world is today suffering may be the harbinger of women and children to feel at home in God's uni- peace, and that in at least so much the historyverse as Jesus did and to build one's life on the cycle may run true to form.

– Wall StJ'eet Journal.

I Am a Missionary In

..:{ By the REV. PERRY O. HANSON, Taian, Shantung Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1903.

"NoRTH CHINA calls, 'Fill up the gaps.' " schools. As the immensity of our task grew upon This was one of the cablegrams read by me, there was also the growing consciousness that Dr. John R. Mott at the Student Volun- the students in the school might become the evan- teer Convention in Toronto the first day of the gelists, the educators, the physicians, needed in year 1902. Boxers in China, not depression in the evangelization of the millions in China's Holy America, was responsible for the "gaps" at that Land.

time. Twenty-one years passed and our work became My fiancee and I heard that message as a chal- "of age." In 1924 our number of workers was sufficient (twenty-five ordained men) for us to orlenge. We knew something of comparative needs ganize our Shantung Annual Conference. There at home and abroad; we knew that at least five had been gratifying progress along all lines with times ten million people on mission fields would good growth in membership, lay workers, inreceive the Gospel only through Methodist work- creased number of organized churches and a beters, while in America, the smaller field, was rela- ter standing among the people in the regions octively well manned. Our knowledge of conditions cupied. abroad made the cable from North China a call loud and urgent. In 1903 followed our glad sail- Now eight years more have passed and there is ing to fill some gap in North China. a better spirit on the part of the Christians as they are making the Church their own. We have We were sent to the city of Taian in the Shan- little groups of believers dotted here and there all tung Province, the place where the Boxers first over our great field. There are scores of our fortrained before starting north. Their drill-ground mer students actively engaged in Christian work was an enclosure, inside the wall of which were in churches, schools and hospitals, or good laymen depicted in gaudily painted images seventy-two helping in volunteer service. Our great task is punishments of hell, a proper atmosphere to in- well begun but it is a great enterprise which will spire a Boxer movement. More alluring to us was require many years for completion. It is my joythe fact that our home was at the foot of Tai ful privilege to be among friends helping, advis- Shan, the oldest sacred mountain in the world, to ing and giving necessary encouragement. Where which pilgrims had come from all over China for in America can a man find such an immense opfive thousand years. The old home of Confucius portunity? How could I be content to occupy any was fifty miles distant and Mencius did his life pulpit in any church in America after such expework within the territory assigned to our Church. riences in building the Kingdom in this great It was truly the Holy Land of China. We found field? that by rules of comity among the missions more people were our Methodist responsibility in Shan- tung than live in our state-Minnesota. Our There is greater need in our field now than ever force of workers consisted of one ordained Chi- before. During recent years there has been a nese, one missionary family and two single wom- movement to destroy idols in Taoist and Buddhist en. There were also some Chinese lay workers temples. Today in our city, which has been for in active service. The total membership of the centuries a great pilgrim center, there is not an Church in our field was only two hundred out of idol standing. There has never been any program a population of more than two million. of helpfulness under temple auspices but the peo- In those days, before Language Schools, it was pIe have had something visible in the objects of necessary to start immediately teaching English worship which might stimulate their religious in- in our school for boys. Although this seemed li- stincts and act as a restraining influence. Now able to interfere with language study yet it there is the opportunity to put Christ into empty brought to me at once wonderful possibilities for and receptive hearts and perhaps enthrone Him producing needed workers through our Christian in the empty temples.

[ 546 ]

Stories of Chinese

By MARY F. PARMENTER, Shanghai, China ):..

Principal of the Bible Seminary for Women T HIS is a school of God's own planting and my life were happy because I was dearly loved tender care. There are many Bible Schools by my parents! They yielded to my every wish in China, but this one is for young women and I was like a little queen in the home. The who, having already received a secular education, next seven years were years of sorrow and in- can give all their time to the study of God's Holy tense suffering. My little sister and brother died Word and of methods for leading others to know and soon after mother passed away. Father Christ as the Saviour from sin and its power. had been devoted to mother, but now I became They come because they have the sole object of his love.

consecrated their lives to ….'1 "His friends and relatives Christ for His service and so began to plan another marwish to "study to show" ,. riage for him. One day he themselves "approved unto said to me: God, workmen that need not " 'Daughter, would you like to be ashamed, rightly divid- to have me get another moth~ ing the word of truth." They er for you, to make you pretty soon find that the "Word of clothes and shoes?'

truth" has great power to "I had been told by neigh- change their own lives, that bors that if I ever had a step- it is truly "quick and power- mother she would not be kind ful and sharper than any two- to me-so I replied-'No, fa- edged sword," as it probes ther, I don't want a new into their very hearts, dis- mother-l just want you.'

cerning "the thoughts and in- "'Very well,' he said 'you tents." They also find that shall never have one.' the Holy Spirit is here to con- "Someone gave him a Bi- viet of sin, to reveal Christ in ble which he read a great deal.

His glory and beauty, to con- He would read it in the night' form them to the image of when he could not sleep for His Son, and to fill them with sorrow. Sometimes I was power for service. We have awakened by his crying. no greater joy than to watch THE GIRL WHO SAT IN THE HEAVENLY WELL About a year after mother's the transforming of these precious students. death he became a Christian. After that he Each year, at some time during the spring se- taught me to read. One day the pastor suggested mester, our seniors have the opportunity at morn- that he send me away to school, but he said, 'I ing chapel of telling briefly of God's grace, of the could never let her go-I could not live if she left way He led them to Himself, and to full surrender me one day.' However, when I was twelve he per- for His service. These varied stories all reveal mitted me to go for a few months. When I came the Iieed of the human heart for God, and His home for the winter holidays, I found him lookpatient love in seeking to find and satisfy those ing very ill. He said that God had told him He who hunger for the truth. Here are some of was going to take him to Himself. Three days these testimonies as they were told: later he died, leaving me alone at thirteen years Hunted by the Bandits of age. Relatives offered me their home, but I refused to go. They tried to reason with me but One morning a sweet girl, faithful in her work I knew they would betroth me if I went with them, and esteemed by teachers and fellow-students, so I replied that I would look after myself. came forward with modest dignity to tell us her "I soon walked out of my home, leaving all my life story. She said: "The first seven years of belongings, walking seven miles to a mission [547 ]

station, weeping as I went. A missionary kindly We had never heard of the Christian religion.

took me into a school and entirely supported me. Mother loved to tell me stories of the Goddess I then entered upon another seven years of keen of Mercy, third daughter of an Emperor, who suffering. I always ·stood at the head of my class left her home and earthly honors, lived in a temple and this won the approval of my teachers, thus and devoted her life to the worship of idols, until subjecting me to the envy and hatred of the en- she was made a god. One day I told mother that tire school. Consequently my life was made mis- I wanted to observe fast days like my grand- erable. mother, but mother said such was not for little "After graduating from Junior High I taught girls like me. She said that the goddess loved in a village school. The bandits came to this vil- good little girls and sometimes selected specially lage looting and frightening the people. All who good ones to go to share her happiness. I began were able to get away fled for their lives. The to long that this wonderful goddess would choose parents came after my pupils, but two of the girls me, so night after night when the day's work was and I had nowhere to go. We escaped to the home done I would sit out in the 'heavenly well' (a tiny of a Christian, hiding under the bed. There courtyard), look up into the sky and ask the God- we heard the bandits asking the people where dess of Mercy to take me. My childish heart the young teacher was! We felt we could longed for this as I silently waited in the dark hide no longer, so disguising ourselves by alone, watching the only little spot of the heavens wearing old clothes we went out directly past that I could see. This continued for three or four the bandits and tried to board a boat lying years, but as no answer came I was discouraged in the river. The two girls ran ahead, jump- and thought I must be a bad girl who was not ing into the boat, but I was seen by the boatman loved nor desired by the great goddess. An awful who refused to let me on. I was left alone in the feeling came over me-the Goddess of Mercy had midst of wicked bandits searching everywhere for failed me! In the evening father often told us me, but when I passed near them they did not historical stories of girls of renown who had see me. I wandered from place to place, but no achieved some wonderful thing. I would ask: one dared to keep a young girl for any length of "'When did she live? Is she alive now?' time. Christmas was near and the weather was cold. I returned to my school in order to get my "'No, no, my child, she lived several hundred clothing but the bandits had stolen both clothing years ago, or two or three thousand years ago.' and bedding. I had nothing but the old clothes I had worn in running away. However, God won- "So my little brain began to ponder and wonderfully protected and cared for me. der, and I asked: 'If people lived so long ago, where did they come from?' My parents came "In time I reached a missionary friend and en- from my grandparents, and they in turn from tered Senior High School. I studied a year when their parents, and so on for generations back, but war arose. The missionaries .had to flee and sol- there must have been a beginning-the first andiers occupied all the mission houses. A Chinese cestors-where did they come from? This great pastor and wife took me in, but wicked officers question I propounded to my father–only to have began inquiring for me, so the pastor felt I would him say, 'You must not ask such questions-I do better leave. I had no place to go, so I stayed on not know.' Well, if father did not know-surely committing myself wholly to the care of God. nobody else did, so I dropped the matter, but did During those days I wept and prayed and read not forget it. my Bible. I told God that if He wanted me to preach the Gospel to keep me safe. His sheltering "When I was fourteen mother died leaving four wings overshadowed me. When the Bible School children, one brother was eleven, my sister seven, for Women was reopened, I went there to be and my little brother two. I had to be mother to trained for service. As I studied God's Word I them and the burden of the home fell on my young became greatly burdened over my spiritual con- shoulders. dition, but one night God wonderfully met my heart's need and gave me the assurance of sal- "A year later father was suddenly invited to vation. After graduation I shall return to Honan go to the distant and great city of Ichang to to do evangelistic work." teach in a mission school. This was truly God's loving thought for me. It never ceases to be a How a Student Found God wonder that of all the teachers in that section my father who did not know any Christians should be chosen to teach in that school. I know it was "I was born in a small place about thirty miles God who planned it. We moved to Ichang', and from Shashi, Hupeh. My father was a devotee I was at once placed in the school. I was a big of Confucius, my mother a strong Buddhist and girl,. but had never learned to read, so had to go an ardent worshipper of the Goddess of Mercy. in classes with the little children. The second day

LIFE STORIES OF CHINESE STUDENTS

I was in school, at the morning chapel, a teacher gan to read it diligently. Later I was sent as a brought out a large picture of a lovely garden, delegate to the Kuling Conference where I retrees and flowers, also a man and a woman stand- ceived much light. There I saw three of the ing among the trees with no clothes on. I looked teachers of the Nanking Bible Teachers Training in great wonder and listened for the explanation. School and a great desire to attend that school She told us that these were our first ancestors, filled my heart. After a few years the way opened and how God made them. for this desire to be fulfilled. I was satisfied- the class work, fellow students, teachers, all "I was happy, for here at last was the answer seemed ideal. When within three months of gradto my question. My heart was satisfied. A day uation there came the terrible and tragic breakup or two later the principal led chapel and tola us of March twenty-fourth, 1927, I saw my beloved about Jesus. This increased my joy. I did not teachers leave, I saw the buildings I so loved defully understand, but I loved him and thought He molished or burned-the Bible School was gone was another god, and even better than the God- -the Bible School was gone! It seemed that all dess of Mercy. I cried out, '0 Jesus, let me be was gone, but in that hour of need and darkness your little sister.' I followed on to know Him I found God. He was with me." better. One night I dreamed that I entered a great temple-there were many idols downstairs This last sentence makes clear to her teachers and upstairs. One was very fierce looking. He the reason for the growth and development that had a big knife in his hand, with which he threat- were so evident in this young woman as she reened me. As he raised it I was terrified, and turned in February, 1931, to the Bible Seminary awoke, trembling with fear. The next morning I for Women in Shanghai to complete her course of told father. He explained that this dream was an study. Today she is a fine, thoughtful Bible stuattack from the devil to keep me from following dent, a mature and gifted young woman, who has Christ. gone to take up evangelistic work in needy Hunan.

"I was able to double up in my school work, in These are life stories of only two of the twentyspite of the fact that I earned my way by doing two graduates of last year. This year our hearts needle work and also carried the burden of our are again awed, thrilled and filled with praise to home. However, so much responsibility proved our miracle working God as we listen with rapt too much for me. Therefore, as soon as I was attention to our sixteen seniors as they relate how able to teach my kind teacher ·arranged for me God has led them out of darkness into His marvelto go away to teach in a mission girls' school. ous light, choosing them as witnesses, teaching, During these years of hard work I had neglected disciplining, and revealing to them Himself, my Bible and so was not well grounded in its the power of the Cross and His resurrection, and truths, but I had a spiritual hunger and now be- enduing them with power for service.

Dr. C. C. Wu's Testimony* Reported by WILLIAM THOMSON HANZSCHE, D.D., Trenton, N. J.

From a Chinese viewpoint, the chief defects that might be pointed out in Christian work are, first, the reluctance to hand over to the Chinese themselves the work which was begun with the sole object of helping them. The second defect which has struck the Chinese, and which perhaps has not entered the mind of most Americans, is the natural difference between the standard of living of the average American missionary and the average Chinese in the small town. Go into the small towns and you will find that the most comfortable and best houses are in the mission compounds. The poor Chinese cannot help but contrast the mode of living of the American missionary with his own. The contrast is not favorable to the Chinese mind.

But we are free to acknowledge the great benefits of missionary work in China. Educationally the missionaries are the pioneers, and much of the modern national movement is due to the early pioneering work of the mission schools. Some of the best equipped schools in China today are the mission schools. The humanitarian work of the missionaries, and especially the work of the doctors and nurses in the mission hospitals who have braved danger and disease, is of great merit in China. Incidentally, it was the missionaries who introduced modern medicine into China.

My message to the Christian Church in America about its work in China is this: Stress educational and medical work, and let evangelistic work go along with it. I realize that you are not in China simply for educational and medical purposes and that your evangelistic work is your primary object, but I think your best evangelistic work is the personal example, precept and influence of those who are giving themselves in humane service, such as the educational and medical fields. When we speak about giving more leadership to the Chinese we are not thinking so much about mission property as about the directing of the work. Let Chinese genius create a Chinese Christian Church. Every Chinese who can read the Bible and who knows geography is .aware that Christianity is an Oriental religion. The acceptance of Christianity by Chiang Kai-shek cannot but have great effect.

• Dr. Chau-Chu Wu. the former Chinese ambassador at Washington, is a graduate of London University. He is not a Christian.

Can Chinese Evangelize China?

By MARY CULLER WHITE, Shanghai Missionary of the Methodist Church South, and Member of the Board of the Bible Seminary for Women I WILL speak of a single institution, using the were formerly nurses who were earning large Bible Seminary for Women in Shanghai as a salaries and some were principals of high schools. kind of window from which to view what the All have given up the desire for worldly advance- Chinese are doing to evangelize their own people. ment in order to study the Word of God and pre- For convenience I will divide the subject under pare for service. None count it a sacrifice beseveral heads. cause of what Christ has done for them.

In the Giving of Money Chinese Christians give generously when they know that their gifts are needed. Witness their gifts to the Chinese Home Missionary Society and the "Foreign" Missionary Society through which they are sending missionaries to the Dutch Indies.

They have given nobly to the Bible Seminary for Women, for they have realized that it is a faith institution and dependent upon their gifts. Miss Dora Yu, an internationally known Chinese evan- gelist, in the last year of her life, gave the initial plant which had been her own Bible Study and Prayer Home from which she had reached out to touch the whole of China. When it became evident, early in 1931, that this plant would have RUINS OF BIBLE SEMINARY FOR WOMEN, SHANGHAI to be enlarged, Chinese friends began to send money which in a few months amounted to several One result of the recent Japanese bombardment of Kiang~wan last March.

thousand dollars. Many gifts came from gradu- In Work by Students ates, some from neighbors, and some from far away friends; but the most touching were those Christian students in many schools are engaged given by the students. One young woman, who in some form of Christian or social service work, had already given all her spending money, but the Bible Training School is unique in that brought her dearest treasure, a pair of gold ear- the definite aim is the winning of others to a sav- rings given to her by her dying mother, and in- ing faith in Jesus Christ. All Shanghai is a kind sisted that this be accepted as the proof of her of clinic where the students of the Bible Seminary love. for Women receive their practical training. The In the Dedication of Life pastors of the churches have gladly cooperated, and the students have had appointments in twenty In the Chinese Church as a whole, we realize centers, including churches of several denominathat there are comparatively few well educated tions, a large hospital for women, an orphanage, young people who are coming forward to give and ten homes. The students hold Bible classes, their lives to proclaim the Gospel. But we re- prayer meetings, evangelistic meetings for chiljoice that God is calling gifted young Chinese into dren, and special meetings in homes. A double His service and they are answering His call. benefit is received, the benefit to the worker and Twenty years ago there was not a single Bible to those with whom she works.

Training School in China where educated young In Intercession women could go and prepare for Christian service.

Now several such schools are filled with eager, The school has a prayer league which includes joyous, devoted candidates for service. Some all the students and the alumnae who are kept in [ 550] touch with the prayer needs by correspondence. The Bible Seminary for Women had a beauti- These graduates also send in prayer requests for ful plant at Kiang-wan in the suburbs of Shangthe problems that they meet in their own work, hai which had ju'st been given in answer to prayer. and a mighty volume of prayer goes up until the Then came the war, evacuation, the Japanese obstacles even in some distant province are swept drive on Kiang-wan and the destruction of the away. One of the greatest evidences of the love plant. But the faith of the students did not waver that is in the heart of the students came last and their testimony took on a deeper note. Now winter when a poor demon possessed woman, the they had something to share with the thousands daughter of a school servant, was brought to the in Shanghai who were homeless and who, like school for help. For days the students and Chi- themselves, suffered the loss of all things. One nese teachers fasted and prayed for this poor student said that she would not take a thousand creature, sometimes continuing all night in dollars for what the experience had meant to her. prayer, until at last the power of the Cross triumphed, and the woman was delivered. In Work for Non-Christian Students Many requests for prayer have been sent in by The following testimony of a wealthy and highchurches or individuals, and the prayers of the ly cultured young woman, who finished her course students have been answered, so that this league at the Bible Seminary last year and went out as has become a real factor in the work of many a volunteer worker, is given as it was written by who are in no way connected with schqol. her in English. She, of course, did not know that it would be published: GRADUATES OF BIBLE SEMINARY FOR WOMEN Last spring the Lord put the thought into the hearts of Some of the students who are now evangelizing their own people. ten of the senior girls in the Bible Seminary for Women that because of the present situation there would be a new In Putting Others to Work kind of work for us to do in different Christian schools in which the Bible could not be studied as a regular lesson. The Bible Seminary has a correspondence Somebody would be needed to take personal care of the course with an enrollment of 879. The students spiritual lives of the young teachers and students. We of this course represent nearly every province in prayed and talked it over, asking that the Lord would China, and come from thirty-seven denominations. guide us to serve Him in this work. We left for different They represent fifty-three varieties of occupa- parts of the country, and promised to try our best to make tions. One shoemaker in North China received friends with any young teachers or students with whom so much help from this course that he went out we might have contact in our own work. and secured thirty-four others who began to take it. Some of these were converted, others received Last October, through wonderful guidance, the Lord led a new experience and many undertook to win me to be an independent worker of this kind and He their neighbors and friends to Christ. If they strengthened me physically and spiritually. I went to know the Word of God, the Chinese will be im- Sungkiang to the S. W. School, to visit the members of pelled to evangelize others. the Student Volunteer Band. I had three meetings and also personal talks with some of the teachers and students. In Giving War-Time Witness Once ten of them came in, six of whom had not faith in the Lord. After two hours of free talking, they said that A Chinese pastor in the interior was arrested they all believed. Next day twelve girls came in. Four by communists and condemned to die. As he was or five of them did not believe there is a God. Mter a about to be executed, one of his captors said sneer- long time of praying and conversation they all wanted to ingly, "What can Jesus Christ do for you now?" take Jesus as their Saviour. "He can give me the grace to forgive you," said the pastor and sealed his testimony with his blood. In November I had two weeks of Bible classes with about twenty teachers and students in T. H. School in Soochow, a remarkable private Senior High School. Six or seven members of the class had never read the Bible or heard much of the Gospel. We studied the Scriptures on redemption and at the end of the meeting almost the whole class took Jesus as their Saviour. One student was baptized last Christmas and one teacher on July the 17th. In December I went to the L. H. School in Soochow and stayed there for four weeks. We had prayer meetings every evening and one physical training teacher was con- verted. In February, while the fighting was raging in and around Shanghai, and the atmosphere everywhere was tense with excitement, I went to a six grade school in Wu-chen, a little town in Chekiang province, where we had four weeks of Bible classes for teachers and pupils. Some teachers had enrolled as enquirers a few weeks pre- viously and all believed at last. The pupils, a little more than twenty in number, had heard much of the Word and eight of them were converted. All the teachers and stu- dents promised to r.ead the Bible every day.

Christians Under

By the REV. FRANK RAWLINSON, D. D., Shanghai ):.. Editor of "The Chinese Recorder"

M ANCHURIA was invaded to uphold treaty "Is peace without justice too Iowan aim?" rights: Shanghai was bombarded to stop "Despite our love of peace (we) can submit no the boycott. Both, some say, are steps in longer to brute force and violent aggression." the fulfillment of Japan's "destiny". Manchuria "The non-cooperative movement gives us was invaded to make it safe for Japanese invest- (Christians) our most effective instrument" in re- ments and trade. The bombardment of Shanghai sisting such aggression.

aimed at setting up the friendliness essential to Students in Christian schools generally sup- trade between Japan and Chi- ported the boycott and partici- na! Japan badly needs China's pated in student efforts to trade; but to attempt to win War, danger and persecution influence the government to customers this way looks some- are testing times for Chris- declare war. As expressed, thing like international rack- tians. How did the Chinese therefore, the Chinese Chriseteering! It is the expression stand the test during the re- tian attitude did not conflict of a political notion the world cent invasion of Manchuria with the general Chinese attiis trying to outmode. It is not and Shanghai by the Japan- tude. Hence the situation prothe Christian way to settle dis- ese? How should Chinese vided no occasion for special putes. Christians take their stand in anti-Christian sentiment. the national civil wars and in Christians are in and of the case of conflicts with oth- Christian work and workers this struggle. What has been er nations? Dr. Rawlinson felt the effects of this invasion the effect upon them and gives us interesting facts and in various ways. In both Mantheir work? What can they Christian ideals. churia and Shanghai their lives do to bring to the forefront were profoundly disturbed and the Christian way of estab- their regular activities were lishing economic and political justice t thrown out of gear. A few Christian institutions In Japan the military mind is in the saddle; were destroyed. But even outside the "war in China it is feeling for the stirrups. Shall China zones" mental and spiritual agitation rose in flood prepare to defend herself with the same weapons tide.

Japan has used against her? In that issue is In Manchuria two major effects of the "inva- rooted one of the major problems confronting sion" are apparent. Christian organizations came Christians in both China and Japan. Shall they under Japanese police espionage. Chinese Chris- acquiesce in the settlement of these mutual prob- tians there resent what has happened. In conse- lems in this old way or shall they stand unitedly quence the mutual relationship of the two groups for a new and better way? is far from satisfactory.

The Sino-Japanese "war" has not created any Japanese Christians in Manchuria have en- special anti-foreignism in China. The tidal wave deavored to set up cooperative efforts with Chi- of anti-Japanese feeling is the result of a subter- nese Christians. The All-Manchuria Japanese ranean nationalistic earthquake. But anti-for- Christian Federation, said to represent twenty eignism, in a general sense, is not much in evi- churches, church federations and Christian or- dence in China at this time. At the moment in ganizations in fourteen leading cities, sent an ap- China anti-Christian agitation has died down. peal to Japanese Christians in Japan urging them Chinese Christians seem generally to.have acqui- to "give relief to Chinese Christians in Man- esced in China's change of policy in the recent churia." It was planned to distribute relief to difficulty from non-resistance to resistance. Their Chinese churches "suffering from outrages at the feelings followed the public trend. Thoughtful hands of bandits and disbanded soldiers." The Christian leadership expressed itself in ideas like aim of this appeal was to "restore (the) mutual the following: good understanding and goodwill which…

[552] seem to be destroyed between these two peoples." liberal Christians in Japan have spoken against Japanese Christians are not doing anything the actions of their naval and military forces in unique in thus mixing politics and philanthropy. China. The Christian Councils in both countries "These Chinese Christians," the appeal said, have publicly deplored the present situation. Mis- "though in great distress, will feel happy when sionaries in both countries have expressed their they become aware of the fact that they are now feelings. "There must be," says a joint statement citizens of a new state." "Japanese Christians from the Chinese Y. W. C. A. and Y. M. C. A., in Manchuria believe," it continued, "that these "many enlightened and right-minded people in Chinese Christians may become the nucleus of the Japan. A policy of force adopted by a minority spiritual forces of the new state, now still in the cause the guiltless minority to suffer…. We making," and are, therefore, "anxious to work should utterly refuse to harbor a spirit of enmity hand in hand with them." towards the whole Japanese people." These Attempts to set up Sino-Japanese cooperative various statements, divergent at some points, in- relief do not appear to have been very successful dicate that the Christian conscience is alive in in attaining their primary objective. Japanese both countries. No common statement has yet Christians secured a supply of food which turned appeared showing what these Christian forces out to be army biscuits taken from the Chinese might do together to set up better relationships army. In one city Japanese Christians called to- in the future. That is one of the challenges of gether a group of Chinese pastors and proposed to the present situation to Christians.

them the organization of a joint council for which the Japanese delegation offered a name chosen by A Spiritual Emergency itself. The pastors were also urged to accept This lack of common effort is overshadowed by 400 yen as contributions for their churches. This a deep and widespread spiritual emergency. was declined, though the money was finally ac- Christians in China (probably in Japan, also) cepted for general relief work. find themselves straddling a dilemma. "In this hour of national crisis," says a joint statement In Shanghai there is little general intercourse issued by the student departments of the Y. W. between Japanese and Chinese Christians. Even C. A. and Y. M. C. A., "we cannot, on the one hand, from the Community Church (foreign) the Jap- advocate a policy of non-resistance which gives anese members who were formerly active in pro- away our territory, and yet, on the other hand, moting international relationships have disap- in the spirit of Jesus Christ we cannot endorse peared, at least temporarily. The disappearance of the use of military force. This dilemma undersome Christian non-combatants in the early days mines any firm conviction." Such a wavering of hostilities here with no subsequent clue as to does not induce spiritual vitality. Chinese stuwhat happened to them has chilled the Christian dents are, in general, inclined to militarism. spirit. Pastor Tsiang (Presbyterian), wife, child Christian students are more open-minded on the and others, the eldest son and relatives of Mr. question though only a small minority take any Chow, General Secretary of the China Christian firm stand against it. "In the opinion of most Endeavor Union, and Mr. Tsao, Vice Principal of Christian students," says a Chinese Christian a Methodist middle school, are among the best- student leader, "a righteous war in defence of known cases.

It must not be inferred that all bonds between one's nation is neither a violation of the law of Chinese and Japanese Christians are broken. love nor a contradiction of the Christian spirit."

They are terribly strained. A Christian student Military training is required in most schools union in Foochow, for instance, wrote to students though it is not carried out everywhere with equal in Tokyo, and received a reply signed by two hun- enthusiasm. National conscription is under con- dred and twenty-seven of the latter. The Chi- sideration. The Chinese Church faces, therefore, nese students upheld the boycott and the Japa- a people turning their eyes towards modern mili· nese students deplored the prevalent Chinese atti- tarism as essential to national defense.

tude towards their nationals. Nevertheless, both What is the Chinese Church doing to forestall expressed faith in the Christian ideal of peace. this turning of the Chinese mind to militarism as Their communications were more sympathetic a national necessity? Generally speaking the Chi- than recriminatory. When a delegation of Chris- nese Christian seems to be stuck at the bottom of tians from Japan-four Japanese al}d five mis- the pit of one of those national crises with little sionaries-visited Shanghai to see wliat had hap- in the way of guidance either as to getting out or pened there, they were entertained by the local staying out. The foundations of his spiritual life Y. M. C. A. They visited the battlefields together are heaving! Yet no national Christian gather- and prayed and suffered together. A few fearless ing has put such a crisis on its program with a

view to showing how to avoid falling into such a What shall we depend on to secure political justice? pit. Can Christianity show the way to discover justice with- out armed force? Various statements have gone out from mis- What is the Christian value that should dominate such sionary and other groups which aim more at criti- a competitive situation? cizing the way Japan has attempted to solve her What can be done to redeem the Chinese people from problems than to furnish guidance for the Chi- the fear that leads to war? nese Church. Coming after instead of before How can the Christian forces in the struggle be a factor these tragic happenings, which have made the in setting up that neighborliness and understanding which soul of the nation to shudder, they have little ef- are essential to the economic and spiritual enrichment of fect. The Chinese Christians face a tremendous two peoples already geographically neighbors? struggle with no conviction as to what side they should take. "After all, can Christian principles The Christian forces, as a rule, simply listen work in such crises?" is an inevitable question. to the guns, relieve distress and protest. B':lt Not having built up any conviction of its own to these are not enough! Christians must mass theIr meet such a situation the Chinese Church thus far forces to uphold in advance the better way of setfinds itself dumb before this issue. Since Japan tling these inevitable economic and political disis imitating the methods used by the very nations which sent missionaries this tragedy confronts putes. Christianity with an urgent challenge. The dy- To have Chinese and Japanese Christians agree namic power of Christianity finds itself under the microscope of torturing realization. Can' Chris- on a program declaring their conviction and outtianity function as a way out of such crises or lining their responsibility and activities as a only in periods of peace? united factor, would be one step towards find- ing answers to the above questions. Neither must What, then, may this Sino-Japanese tragedy dictate to the other. But to stand together for the teach Christians, both in and out of China? The Christian way of securing justice would stabilize Chinese Church cannot sidestep the real meaning their relationships, increase their influence and of the life principle of Jesus. To meet the situ- enrich their spirits. For Western Christians to ation calls for Christian insight, foresight and sympathize with those who suffer from war is not skill. We need Christian foresight to get busy enough. The Christian units in both countries are on these problems before they explode. We must sufficiently strong to offer united guidance to their build up a Christian conviction that will stand to Christian and non-Christian fellow countrymen. its guns as readily as militarists stand to their's. Together the Christians in both countries can up- hold the League of Nations as it tries to find a Generally speaking, the Chinese Church has better way out of the struggle than the use of been brought up on the basis of individual salva- armed force. This would be more difficult for tion. The condition of the Chinese 'Christian mind Japanese Christians than for those in China. and heart just now shows that concentrated em- Chinese Christians, on the other hand, might find phasis on this may leave them at the mercy of a it somewhat harder to oppose their own people's crisis that undermines the fruits of individual sal- tendency to militarism. In both countries Chrisvation itself, In addition to knowledge as to how tians should make it their business to see that to save themselves Chinese Christians must have education plays a larger part in promoting mualso much more guidance as to how to help save tual understanding. their people. The Chinese Church must know how to withstand such a strain upon its soul as that The spiritual struggle, inevitably arising in takof the present hour. ing such a common stand, is needed by the Chris- tians in both countries. It enhances the unity of More leadership is needed to furnish guidance their faith. It brings their common humanity to and to build up a conviction that will enable Chi- the front. It brings their souls to grips with one nese Christians to solve their spiritual dilemma. of those causes that stimulate and build up spir- No Chinese voice is lifted so definitely against itual vitality. It develops them as a force to fight militarism as is Kagawa's in Japan. It is easier evil together. Militarism is their common foe. In for the citizen of the aggressor country to speak the Shanghai "war" both China and Japan lost against military aggression than for one among heavily. A boycott hurts them both. Christians those who are its victims. China's life is in should lead the way in cooperation rather than in jeopardy. To accept militarism as a national ne- permitting themselves to boost the militarists. cessity will mean adding burdens she can ill afford This would make them a factor for peace instead to assume. Christian leadership is urgently need- of being, as they now are, uncertain and someed to answer such questions as the following: times retarding influence in finding the only right way out.

Christians should be leaders in discovering the Christian way of determining justice.

Ways of

'fested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO MODERN PLANS FOR AN d. Christianity releases China's Another booklet of great value is ANCIENT COUNTRY women (pp. 38-43) "Call for Colleagues" (25 cents), pub- lished by Student Volunteer Move- Since 1927 there has been a e. Adventurous living (pp. 43- ment, 254 Fourth Ave., New York question in the minds of some 48) City. as to whether the Chinese really wanted the help of the mis- 4. Peeping into China today. A POTPOURRI ON CHINA sionaries any more. After the Ten-minute map drill locating prin- China Baptist Council, which cipal cities, such as Peiping (for- At the Lakeside (Ohio) met in 1931, the Chinese said: merly Peking – pronounced by Methodist Foreign Mission In- "Our leadership is developing, some "Peeping"), Shanghai, Hong- stitute, twelve young women but it is insufficient and will be kong, etc. Locate your denominafor more than a generation. We tional fields and any points spoken afrom the Cincinnati District held appeal to the Christians in of in the text. unique methods contest, each America and to the mission submitting some plan of proven boards there for this help. We II. China's Cs value. A prize was offered for challenge the Christian youth of the best suggestion as judged this generation to come over 1. Impersonation: An elderly Chi- by certain women seated in difand help us. We need men and nese lady of the old school writes ferent parts of the auditorium. women of hardy but adaptable on the blackboard, "Cable of Cour- The participants were seated spirits who are willing to share tesy." She starts with the quota- in a semi-circle on the platsacrifices, hardships and dan- tion from Confucius at the head of form. Elizabeth, their leader, gers with us, and who in. word the chapter and tells her American proposed that, for their forthand life can present a positive audience that as they sail the coming study of China, each Christian message." China Seas this year, it is very im- girl should describe briefly some portant for them to realize the im- method that she deemed worth- -DORA ZIMMERMAN, Mis- portance of the "Cable of Cour- ful and workable in the young sionary. tesy" in the family, which in the woman's society, the award of past has bound the people togeth- the judges to be based on the I'. Peeping Into China * er. (pp. 49-54) merits of the plan and not the personality of its presentation. 1. Peeping into the China book, "Lady 2. Impersonation: A young Chris- Fourth Daughter of China." tian Chinese writes on the black- Hazel eagerly arose and de- board, "We must Calk to make scribed The Kite Contest. This a. Author C-worthy." She feels that the Chi- was to be between two groups, b. Cov.er of book (see page op- nese Ship of State will go down the Tribe of Red Vests and the if it is not properly calked against Tribe of Yellow Vests. in Chi- posIte contents) some of the insidious threats na. Each girl was supplied with c. Legend on which book is against Chinese famiiy ideals. a large poster, at the bottom of (pp. 54-66) which was placed her individ- based ual kite made in the shape of a d. Our attitude in this study 3. Impersonation: One of our own pagoda, a cat, a fish, a gnome, 2. Peeping into China's religious past. missionaries in China tells of what a moon, a dragon or any other a. We need to know the past in Christianity is doing for those peo- symbol of .China. According to ple who are called by many a scale of measurement on the order to appreciate the pres- "Celestials." She writes oil the poster, any given kite was ad- ent board: "Christianity is giving the vanced a certain number of feet b. Ancient beliefs clouded by su- Celestials a really heavenly king- nearer its goal as its owner perstition (p. 15) dom." (pp. 66-83) performed the various duties c. Belief in a Supreme Power listed for the contest. Present (p.16) 4. China Today. at a meeting counted for 50 d. Confucianism (pp. 17-20) Using auxiliary leaflets available feet; paying dues for 100 feet; e. Buddhism (pp. 20-27) from the various denominational a Christmas offering added 20 3. Peeping at China's Christians. headquarters, give the group a feet; a birthday offering an- a. God makes company with us vivid account of what some Chris- other 20; membership dues paid (pp.27-32) tian Chinese girls and women are b. Christianity develops sense of doing. Mount small pictures and duty towards society (pp. 32- pass them around as the stories 37) are told.* . c. Jesus-people commune to- gether (pp. 37, 38) Outlines on later chapters of the study book will appear in —- our next issue.

* Adapted from programs prepared for the The Chinese Christian Student Bul- . letin, 347 Madison Ave., New York Baptist Board of Education by Anna Canada City, will be found very helpful in Swain. missionary organizations. Its price is $1.00 per year.

[555]

counted for 150 feet; "willing meeting) helped materially in Irene told of International response" for 50 feet; awards Plans. A home-made book of in story-telling contests were keeping the members inter- twelve chapters-one for each rated at 50 feet; the mite-box missionary supported by the offering advanced a kite 10 feet ested. Cincinnati Branch-was to be for each 25 cents. synthetically produced under Florence added her sugges- the title, "Girls Who Are Do- The chorus of approval from ing." At the head of each chapthe circle inspired Beatrice to tion for Stewardship and Devo- ter would be a map of the disrise and propose a rival plan trict served by its missionary, in the way of a Real Estate tions. Three tall candles rep- with her central point distin- Contest. This plan had proved guished by a distinctive color. very successful in her home resented Personality, Prayer Then would follow a picture of group. A small village had been the missionary and cut-outs and Possessions. At the first from magazines telling of her plotted out with main and side field and work. The search for streets named after the mission- meeting in the autumn, the materials, as well as the typing aries whom the girls helped to of the chapters, furnish employsupport with their dues and stewardship cards were signed ment for many interested membirthday offerings. The main street was named Collingwood, for one or another of the ideals, bers. after the group, other streets, courts and boulevards bearing or, if possible, for all three. A Instead of having a Mystery either local or missionary Mother Banquet, said Eleanor, names. Lots in one block were large poster was made with the we had a party for the entire set aside for dues and in an- missionary family. This inother block for thankofferings. candles drawn in red, green and c Iud e d the Standard-Bearer When a member paid her dues, girls and their Mystery Mothshe was allowed her choice of purple respectively, and under ers, the King's Heralds and the a lot in the appropriate block, Little Light Bearers. Our Standbut if she signed a card for each candle were the names of ard Bearers are not allowed the stewardship, her lot lay in a privilege of a "mystery mothdifferent section. An interest- all girls who had signed for er" until they have paid their ing feature was the cemetery dues, but the younger girls may plot, which contained lots for that goal. A stewardship sec- draw the name of some King's the disinterested members! The Herald to act as a "mystery goal was to see what girl could retary was appointed to have sister" provided the Herald has earn the most real estate, and paid her dues. As each Standalso to keep the cemetery charge of this feature; testi- ard Bearer wants a mystery empty. mother and each Herald a mys- monial meetings from time to tery sister, the paying of dues Jane next told of Publicity is likely to go on right merrily. through Posters-one for each time were suggested. . In a short program, the Light meeting – illustrative of the Bearers and Heralds sang songs program. For a "weiner roast," Make books of some sort, sug- and gave recitations, the Standthere was a picture of the girls ard Bearers presenting a suitseated around a camp fire in gested Alma, and have the girls the midst of October scenery; the invitations were pictures of copy good missionary and devocats, in recognition of Hallowe'en. The making and the tional hymns, "pep songs," the placing of these posters (two or three weeks before each individual society song, yells for rallies, the covenant and the ritual, so that all such material shall be easily available for each meeting.

Miriam proposed a Chinese Roll Call, the answers to be in terms of Chinese material.

Names of Chinese villages would do for one meeting (there being an ample choice for even a large membership), names of Chinese feasts, mission schools, missionaries, flowers (other than the epidemdram), inci- dents from the lives of mission- aries, news items, etc., adding ample variety for a year's work.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

able playlet. Refreshments were out, one by one, and read as an inscribed in each space. Cards served and the whole occasion attractive part of the program. and gifts to the unprecedented seemed like a family party. The dragon will be more real- amount of $1,000 poured in istic if decorated with bright from folk, some of whom were Frieda proposed stirring up crayons or paint, with fire issu- never known before to make a rivalry by Dividing the Mem- ing from its mouth. Balance on thankoffering-"I am grateful bership into Teams. One such the poster will be attained by for my mother's influence on might be named Hingwha, "the adding Chinese characters. my life"; "Grateful for a faithvillage transformed to flourish- ful Sunday school teacher"; ing," the group motto to be, Another plan is to use a Chi- "Grateful for good friends and "We transform our society to nese ginger jar-which may be neighbors." So the inscriptions flourishing." Dong Huang vil- an ordinary cooky jar with ap- ran in memory of the dead and lage became one hundred per propriate decorations pasted on. the living. This book was precent for Christ, so that group The cookies are to be made out sented to the pastor at a Sunmight appropriately be "The of brown wrapping paper with day morning service, beautiful girls of our church one hun- the suitable items or incidents with memorial music, flowers dred per cent for Standard pasted on. Each guest reaches and other decorations, and an Bearers." The study textbooks in and helps herself to a cooky, appropriate sermon by the pasfor the year will furnish an am- tor. The memorial volume is ple supply of tribal names and then proceeds to share it with now kept in the church office. the rivalry may be made in- all the others. tense, though always friendly if Here are some simple prothe mottoes are held in mind. The vivid dragon-whose re- grams easily arranged but suit- production is furnished in our able for the Thanksgiving A Baby Feast was Helen's illustration-helped to render month and its offering: suggestion, this being a finan- this last the winning suggescial method. When a Chinese tion; but any possible chagrin 1. Hymns of thanksgiving. baby boy is a month old, friends on the part of the other con- 2. Story of our first Thanksgiving and relatives are invited in for testants was wiped out by a feast. The mother dresses handing to each a mysterious, Day. the child in an apron with a red-wrapped package contain- 3. Causes for Thanksgiving in the pocket in it, and each arriving ing some genuine oriental cuguest is expected to deposit a rio. The winner received her homeland this year. bit of money in the pocket. In choice from among three beau- 4. From the fields across the seas. the proposed adaptation of this tiful articles brought from 5. Talk, "The Stewardship of Thankplan, invitations are issued to a China. considerable number of the fulness"-translating our gratichurch women, the form being tude into living deeds. that of a cut-out apron whose 6. Responsive reading of Psalm 136, pocket contains the date and leading up to the offering. place of the feast. At the ensuing meeting, the baby is rep- THANKOFFERING In a small missionary group resented by a doll in Chinese PROGRAMS of humble resources, there was dress and lying on a Chinese bed. As the guests are admit- A unique plan for gathering first a hymn of praise, then ted to see this interesting baby, they place their money in the the November thankoffering each member was asked to give appropriate pocket. Refreshments may well be tea and rice was used in Grace Methodist a Bible verse of praise or cakes with red Chinese characters on them. Chop suey would Episcopal Church, Dayton, Ohio. thanksgiving. The prayer was furnish a heavier meal. It was called "The Book of led by six members previously Eugenia finished the symposium with A Chinese Method for Thankful Memories." Some appointed, the leader having as- Making Mission Study Interesting. Cut a large, fierce dragon weeks previous to the date of signed six definite blessings for out of black, green or red paper and mount it on a white the climacteric meeting, two which thanks were to be ofcard. Then cut scales out of silver or gold crepe paper and letters were sent to the entire fered. These were followed by paste them on the dragon in the form of pockets. In these pock- membership, one from the pas- sentences of thanksgiving from ets place folded slips of paper containing information about tor and the other from the wom- nearly all present. Then a China. These are to be drawn an's missionary organization, large chart was displayed list- the envelopes containing cards ing some of the outstanding for reply. Offerings from all things in the year's work which were solicited as memory gifts merited praise to God. Mem- in honor of people for whom bers previously appointed spoke the donors were especially one minute apiece on these top- thankful. The messages accom- ics. A number of short stories panying the gifts were to be of thankofferings were told, the written on the enclosed cards president explaining what the and later transferred to the thankofferings of previous years Memory Book by a good pen- had been used for and how man. This book was a large one much they had accomplished.

with blank pages, each of which . The offerings were then collect- had been divided by lines into ed while the group sang "Praise four spaces about the size of God from Whom All Blessings post cards. One message was Flow." BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~, I~ YOU AND YOUR GOVERN- "FOLLOW THOU ME" "Follow Thou Me" is the MENT It is an interesting coinci- theme upon which Mrs. Chen dence that in 1932-33 when has based the program which is A series of radio programs en- China and the American Indian ready and may be secured totitled "You and Your Govern- are being studied by church gether with the other World ment" are being presented by groups a Chinese woman, Mrs. Day of Prayer supplies from the Committee on Civic Educa- C. C. Chen, and an American In- denominational headquarters. tion by Radio over a nation-wide dian, Mrs. Ruth Muskrat Bron- The price is 2 cents; $2.00 per network of the National Broad- son, have prepared the program 100. casting Company every Tuesday and Call to Prayer for the evening from eight to eight- World Day of Prayer, March 3, Mrs. Bronson is of the Cherthirty o'clock. These broad- 1933. cas t s will continue weekly Mrs. Chen is chairman of the okee tribe. She took her first through the winter and spring National Committee 0 f the two years at Kansas University months. Y. W. C. A. of China .and a mem- and was graduated from Mt. ber of the Executive Committee Holyoke College. In her first A pre-election series of nine of the National Christian Coun- year out of college she taught broadcasts on the general theme of "Government in a Depres- cil of China. She attended the in a government Indian school sion" will be followed immedi- Jerusalem missionary confer- and at the end of the year reately after election with another ence and other conferences in series of seven on "Constructive England and the United States ceived the award given by Am- Economy in State and Local and thus made many friends bassador Morgenthau for hav- Government." There will be ad- around the world. Her husband ing made the best use of her dresses, debates, interviews and is head of the Biological De- college education. Mrs. Bronround table discussions. partment of Shanghai Univer- son is now doing work under sity and Mrs. Chen is active in the Government Indian Office, The Committee on Civic Edu- religious work on the campus. following up graduates of govcation by Radio was formed last She has one daughter and three ernment schools and helping winter by the National Advisory sons. them to adjust their lives to Council on Radio in Education in their home communities. She cooperation with The American [558] has been married for three Political Science Association. It years. Mrs. Chen and Mrs. is composed of political scien- Bronson met in China in 1922 tists, economists, educators and during the World Stu den t public men. Its sole purpose is Christian Federation meeting at the presentation of non-partisan, which Mrs. Bronson representimpartial and authoritative in- ed American Indian students. formation on government. The Call, which is free, in- The University of Chicago vites all people to unite in a Press publishes a Listener's fellowship of prayer on the Handbook for free distribution, World Day of Prayer and says containing outlines of the topics to them, "'Follow Thou Me' in for each week, bibliography and Prayer, in Service, in Steadfastother listening aids. The Press ness, in Sacrifice." There will also publishes' reprints of the in- be no special Call to Young dividual addresses. The Ameri- People, Mrs. Bronson's Call becan Library Association has co- ing suitable for young people's operated in the preparation of groups as well as others. the bibliography and local librarians will gladly assist the read- This year there will be a er in procuring books for supple- World Day of Prayer program mentary reading. for children. Further details about it will be announced later.

A new poster (11×17 inches) has been prepared, quite differ- ent from any previous poster

THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

announcing the World Day of dian backgrounds, racial charac- going to Haskell Institute. How Prayer. A church of colonial teristics and their significance, I was going to get there was design set back among tall trees government relationship to the the next question because I did with open door invites partici- Indian, characterization and not have enough money to take pation in the World Day of geographical distribution of me half way to Haskell. But Prayer. Space is left at the tribal groups, qualifications of I thought of the old saying, bottom for insertion of time and the missionary, and organiza- "Where there is a will there is place of local meeting. The tions at work. The book contains a way," so I went on my way. price is different too-5 cents instead of 10 cents as it has an up-to-date bibliography. The next day I went to Stilbeen in past years. well, Oklahoma, a small town The price is fifty cents and the where we had formerly lived, All groups preparing for the handbook may be secured from and there I got an application World Day of Prayer are urged either the Home Missions Counto order supplies early. cil or the Council of Women for blank and sent it to the Super- Home Missions. intendent of Haskell. Fro m there I went to my brother's YOUR SOCIETY AND WORLD THE STORY OF MY EARLY home in Pawhuska, Oklahoma, PEACE LIFE* and stayed until I received a letter from the Superintendent Five programs on internation- By CLEON SEABOLT of Haskell, stating that I could al relations suitable for mission- I was born in a small box come any time before Septemary societies and other groups of house on a farm near Verona, ber 1. The next morning, Auchurch women have been pre- Oklahoma, November 4, 1910. gust 10, 1926, my b rot her pared by the Joint Committee on My parents were poor and both started with me in a car for International Relations of the of them were full-blood Chero- Lawrence, Kansas, where Has- Council of Women for Home kee Indians. I was only one kell Institute is located. Missions, Federation of Wom- month old when my father an's Boards of Foreign Missions died. One year later my moth- This being the first time that and National Council of Feder- er married a white man who I Was ever away from home ated Church Women. never treated me as a step-son. alone, it seemed as though I could not bear the thought of Disarmament, the W 0 rid All during my childhood, trying to stay at school even Court, Militarism in Education, until I was about twelve years after I had finally reached it. the League of Nations and the of age, I never received much But I had been wanting to at- Cause and Cure of War are the schooling because I had to tend school at Haskell for the subjects covered. work on our farm. I started to preceding five years, so I made school at the age of seven, and up my mind to stay and so I Packets containing excellent I started to attend a small dis- did. Another reason why I material published by various trict school, one-half mile from stayed was because I had run organizations working for world home, all the time when I did away from home to get an edupeace have been assembled for not have to work. When I cation so I could go out into those using these programs and reached the age of twelve my this great world and face it as may be borrowed for postage or parents moved to town and I some of the upper class are bought for one dollar from attended a public school two doing today. either of the organizations men- and one-half years. It was here tioned. that I received my first ex- I have been at Haskell three perience in public speaking. years. During my vacation I AN AMERICAN INDIAN work anywhere until about two HANDBOOK I attended high school one- weeks before it is time for half year and at the end of the school to begin, then I go home A Handbook for Missionary first semester I became very and visit my mother. I always Workers Among the American ill. The physician told me the bring some one back with me, Indians has been prepared by best thing for me to do was to because I want to help my peo- Mr. G. E. E. Lindquist, Mission- quit school, so I went back to ple all I can. This is my fourth ary-at-Large of the Society for the farm with my parents. and last year at Haskell. I ex- Propagating the Gospel Among There I soon regained my pect to go on until I have a the Indians and Others in North health and only stayed at home college education. Then I will America and a member of the one year. At the age of six- try to make the best out of it. Board of Indian Commissioners. teen I ran away from home telling my mother that I was The Heavenward side of every cloud This handbook meets an expressed need on the part of mis- sionaries and other Christian • "The Story of My Early Life." written by Is bright with silver lining, leaders among the Indians for a a student in Haskell Institute. United States I therefore turn my clouds about, manual giving concisely and ac- Indian School, Lawrence. Kansas. was secured And always wear them inside out, through the Rev. A. A. Van Sickle. who is the curately such information as In- interdenominational Religious Work Director To show the glory shining. there.

nurse at the Rockefeller Hos- Students Direct

pital in Peiping. Conversions in Shantung Since 1927 a new Christian The Rev. D. D. N. Tornv,all, movement has sprung up among The Presbyterian Mission in a worker of the Scandinavian the students of the mission North China, reports a great Alliance Mission, has been re- schools in ,and about Foochow revival in Shantung. The Rev. ported killed by Chinese irregu- which has now developed into Harris G. Hilscher, Tengchow, lar soldiers at Sian, capital of the North Fukien Christian tells the following incident as the Province of Shensi. Mr. Student Union. About 200 stuan example of what is happen- Tor n vall disappeared some dents met last summer at ing: weeks ago while making a 300- Fukien Christian University for mile automobile trip from Ping- the first student controlled con- "A young man confessed his liang, in the Province of Kansu, ference. The feeling of isolasins publicly and at home so where he was stationed, to Sian tion which Christian students that his mother thought he was in the company of Robert had has given way to friendcrazy. At an all-night prayer Ekvall of the Christian and ship, fellowship, and group conmeeting he confessed one sin Missionary Alliance (Ameri- sciousness. Formerly students after another, in a straight- can). were interested almost excluforward manner and found sively in educational, social and peace." The University of Shanghai national problems, but now they are discussing the value of re- Li Kai Cheng, a "twice-born This University, which was ligion, the contribution 0 f man" whose joy impresses formerly the Baptist College of Christianity, the place of the everyone who meets him, while Shanghai, is "wholly Christian Church in society, and the servin the military hospital at in its central purpose," says ice which students can render Tsingtau first heard the Gospel President Herman C. E. Liu. through it. from a missionary. He learned "All of its activities are directto read the Bible and hymnal, ed with this in view." -Congregationalist. and as a result his life was transformed. Many people of The University includes many Practical Training for Rural his village have been impressed departments-a college, Theo- Pastors with the change in Mr. Li and logical Seminary, School of through him have become inter- Commerce, and Middle School. Under the leadership of Dr. ested in the Gospel. It also conducts a social center Stanley, the Cheeloo School of in Hangkow and a Nursing Theology, formerly affiliated The father of a student at School for Children of work- with Shantung Christian Uni- Yih Wen Commercial College, ers, with a clinic and a visiting versity in Tsinan, has worked a Presbyterian instituti'on at nurse. out a field laboratory for rural Chefoo, threatened to stop send- community reconstruction. A ing funds for hi~ son's educa- During the recent Japanese village, accessible to the school, tion if the lad became a Chris- invasion of Shanghai, the Jap- is chosen for pr.actical demontian. However, friends ar- anese military headquarters ad- strations in better farming, ranged to pay his fees so that joined the campus and it community recreation, home he could remain. The young seemed wise to close the college nursing, and practical evanman prayed earnestly that his and to remove the classes to gelism. These activities comfather's heart might not be the Shanghai Y. M. C. A. and bine for two purposes, first to hardened, and later his father the Downtown School of Com- demonstrate methods by which not only sent the necessary merce. The regular budget was the Christian forces can lead in funds, but gave consent for his suspended and the work was reconstructing a rural commuson to join the church. conducted on the most economic nity, and the other to furnish basis. In spite of the severe a laboratory that will assist in Sufferers from Bandits financial depression $51,000 was the training of rural preachers. raised from the Chinese for the This particular school has a Miss Helen Barchet, whose School of Commerce where 250 reputation for sending out men father was superintendent of students have enrolled in eve- willing and competent to serve the Ningpo American Baptist ning classes. None of the col- rural areas but they are handi- Hospital, was seriously wound- lege buildings were injured dur- capped in their work unless ed by bandits who attempted to ing the "invasion." kidnap her early in August. Miss Barchet formerly was a [560]

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

they acquire knowledge of com- the Presbyterian Foreign Board, source of growth: a kindergarmunity methods of reconstruction. The training of pastors in emphasizing the value of ten teacher who w,as taken as who can lead understandingly in building the C h r i s t ian medical work, tells of a striking an abandoned baby and grew Church into the life of the village people, is almost an indis- incident in lchowfu. The moth- up in the school; a zealous, pensable requisite for a Christian advance among the great er of a patient was at the hos- young Christian widow matron masses of China. pital with her daughter for a whose father was cook at Chen KENYON L. BUTTERFIELD. couple of weeks, and heard the Teh in its early years; a teach- Notable Changes evangelistic teaching in the er of Chinese who stayed with The International Review of Missions, in giving a survey of wards. When she-left she car- the school through the season mission progress during the past ten years, says of China: ried away two or three deep of its unpopularity; a Christian Nothing better illustrates the tena- and fundamental, but rudimen- primary teacher who grew up cious quality of the Chinese character than the ability not only to carryon, tary, impressions. She learned in the school and went away but 'widely to develop constructive activities in the midst of conditions that there was a Heavenly for two years' normal training; which might with justice be regarded as wholly crippling. Railway con- Father to whom she could pray, and finally, the teacher who struction is proceeding steadily, aided by part of the interest on investment and she learned that one should went to Changsha to complete of the balance of the British Boxer preach this word. She went her high school work. Indemnity Fund, granted for that purpose in 1930; aviation has de- from village to village, teaching -Outlook of Missions. veloped to a surprising degree; in- this, constantly and assiduously. dustrial ventures are multiplying. City after city is being entirely re- She was a self-supporting A Veteran's Adventure built, with modern systems of lighting worker, as she worked to earn and sanitation; motor roads are re- money and then went on again. Charles A. Leonard, veteran placing the old country tracks, and there is a determination to be behind For fifteen years, alone and un- Baptist missionary in North the West in nothing. Every Chinese child is to have four years' free edu- tutored, she carried on in this Manchuria, describes his expecation, to be followed by suitable vocational instruction. way in an untouched part of riences while on a Gospel mis- Since 1930 men and women have Shantung. Then one day her sion along the eastern line of had equal political rights, which presuppose a new social order. Marriage first contact came when she the Chinese Eastern Railway. is no longer the only avenue for women. happened into a village where "Bandits may attack a village Unafraid of Death the mission had a chapel. 1m..; at any time, loot it, carry away The leader of a local political mediately she got into touch for ransom those who have party in Chefoo said in a meeting that all Christians should with the Chinese evangelist and money and then burn those be put to death as enemies of the state, yet three weeks later began on a regular course of stores which they were not able 36 Chinese united with the Church at Chefoo. One student instruction for fuller knowl- to loot; or they may attack a at the mission school in that edge. bus along the highway, shootcity who had become a Christian wrote to tell his father Such results of medical mis- ing it up in real wild west about his new joy. The father was so impressed that he and sions as the kindling of indi- fashion, robbing the occupants, his family began to go to church, to study the Bible and vidual ideals, the actual chang- ' as well as holding some for ranare now preparing to confess Christ. ing of lives, the starting of som. These bandits are usually -Presbyterian Banner. Christian groups and churches without mercy and are especial- Medicine Opens Doors by ex-patients, the friendly at- ly glad to get hold of a for- Dr. E. M. Dodd, Secretary titude of whole communities, eigner, or any other person of the Medical Department. in the imitation by national non- whom they think may be re- Christian agencies and the un- deemed with a large sum. If deniable stimulus to government we waited, however, until there and private efforts, multiply were no such dangers in this through the years. part of the country we would -Women and Missions. not get much mission work done, and it is just because such conditions prevail that we Chen Teh-School of are needed so greatly. These Opportunity conditions have been made much worse as a result of the Chen Teh Girls' School of recent invasion of Manchuria the Reformed Church in the by a foreign power. Until now U. S. was started before 1911 it was safe to travel along the and its future w,as a matter regular lines of travel. Al- of great concern to missionaries though there are bandits in compelled to leave because of many of the outlying districts, political disturbances. In 1927, conditions have been gradually the school was obliged to close improving the pas t several its doors, but after a period, years. The Chinese remind us of communistic violence opened of this in discussing the pres- again. There are now seventy e n t political situation, and girls in attendance, and in its would have it known to the faculty are the evidences of its world that they prefer Chinese

bandits to the rule of an alien heard of Christ and His Way I pray from the bottom of my heart, and say, 'Jesus Christ, power." of Life. please save me.' And then be- -China Weekly Review.

Missionaries Still Needed fore I go to sleep I say the JAPAN -CHOSEN The pastor of one of the larg- same thing." In response he est Christian churches in J a- was sent a copy of The Trav- Depression and Reform pan believes that missionaries eler's Guide from Death to Life. are still needed in that coun- Not h i n g further was heard The Yoshiwara, Tokyo's no- try for the f~llowing three rea- from him for over three years. torious vice district, is reported sons: Recently came a letter from to be on the verge of bank- him s.aying that he was now a ruptcy. The system was estab- 1. Because Christian for- high school student and was lished over 300 years ago and eigners should be in every still believing in Jesus and became the model of similar in- country to constructively criti- praying daily. He e n c los e d stitutions throughout J a pan. cize the native church. money for a Testament, and, a Present day ideals have been few days later wrote for anmaking heavy inroads upon the 2. Because J a pan is far other and said that he was trybusiness and Christians have ,al- from christianized. The num- ing to lead three other boys, ways opposed the nefarious sys- ber of Protestant Christians in whose names he gave. tem. As a result of this in- Japan today is estimated at creasing agitation two of Ja- about 250,000. But Christian -Presbyterian Survey. pan's 47 prefectures have abol- pastors feel that only about ished the licensed quarters and ten per cent, or slightly more, Mother's Day in Japan nine have passed legislation cal- of this number are active culated to bring the system to Christians. "As a woman rears up posan end. The development of terity not to her own parents, cheaper and more mod ern 3. Because J,apanese Chris- but to her father-in-law and forms of amusement, such as tians are too content with their mother-in-law, she must value moving pictures, dance halls own condition, and are not suf- the latter even more than the and cafes have also helped to ficiEmtly interested in getting former, and tend them with cause bankruptcy of the Yoshi- the Gospel to the masses. filial piety." So wrote Ekken wara, but while licensed vice is Kaibara, Confucian philosopher on the wane, private prostitution -The Presbyterian Survey. in "The Great Learning for and promiscuous sex indulgence Women," the classic which dehas been increasing. Planting Seed fined the place of women under the Confucian system. Woman's The Prefecture of Tokushima has one hundred and forty The temperance movement tow n s and villages. Several value, in Japan of the ninehas also shown encouraging . years ago a list of these was teenth century and before, conprogress, p.artly due to the eco- secured and systematic effort sisted in her ability to bear nomic depression and in part has been made to reach them children, and especially sons, to· to moral education. Under pres- all by visiting schools and hold- carryon the husband's family sure of the depression certain ing open air services. A file in- name. The second, among the villages and townships have dex has been prepared of more seven reasons for divorce which taken action binding them- than two thousand names of Kaibara sets down, is : "A selves to a five-year prohibition those who have manifested suf- ficient interest to write, follow- woman shall be divorced if she enforcement in hopes of secur- ing these meetings. A number fail to bear children, the reaing the advantages that have son for this rule being that have indicated they are praying women are sought in marriage come to a number of other vil- daily in Jesus' Name. As they for the purpose of giving men lages which have long enforced are scattered over 1,600 square posterity.' ' prohibition. In the Imperial Such was the position of Diet ,also a five-year prohibition miles it has been impossible to o r g ani z e them into groups, woman in Japan of the last bill has been proposed as a century, and Buddhism, as if to measure of economic retrench- preparatory to church member- re-enforce its more recent ally ment for the nation, under the ship. But many will go away from China to Japan, adds: "Woman is a creature with the slogan "Abstinence until debts to school and become identified look of an angel on its counte- with city churches. nance, but with a diabolical are paid." Economists and re- spirit in its inmost heart." Dr. formers appear in some of the Rev. A. P. Hassell, mission- Inazo Nitobe has recently writ- ary in this Prefecture for the ten of the place of woman in most unexpected quarters and a "the s c hem e of 'n a t ion a I "prohibition dormitory" is be- Southern Presbyterian Church, ing built for students in Tokyo. ethics'" as follows: writes that in October, 1928, On the other hand present he .received a card from a boy They are not expected to live a life financial conditions are causing of their own for the sake of life, but who had attended one of his always to be subjected to the will of suicides, riots and the sale of open air meetings. The card girls into sexual slavery. In read: "Every morning when the meantime most of the de- I go to eat breakf,ast, before I pre sse d masses have never take the chopsticks in my hand,

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

their husbands or children. No un- in Japan, some observers see the missionary work in the Memarried or childless woman exists in sinister omens of race conflict. the scheme of "national ethics," or, The government is ever mindful lanesian Islands, was recently if one exists, she is to be treated by of the danger from Communist society as an odd bird-much as a agitation on the one hand and launched on the Thames and pagan saint would be ostracized in a the growing anti-militaristic was commissioned for work un- "Christian" community. sentiment on the other. der the Church of England Mission. In view of these entrenched Lepers at Soonchun ideas, it is interesting to note For seventy-three years, misthe g row i n g observance of Soonchun Leper Colony, con- Mother's Day in Japan. This taining between 700 and 800 sion ship after mission ship has has been celebrated by Chris- patients, is owned and support- cruised through the South Patian groups for nineteen years. ed by the Mission to Lepers, cific Ocean, for nearly 2,000 Now three organizations are and directed by the Southern promoting the observance for Presbyterian Mission. Most of miles among forty islands. The its spiritual value and to give its 300 acres of land is farmed natives there are of a primievidence of love and honor to by the lepers. The 55 build- tive type. Their religion is mothers. Thousands of people ings were all erected by lepers gather to celebrate this day with stone which they cut. The mainly spirit worship, with publicly with music, addresses Mission provides rice, millet and pageants. be.ans, and salt. All vegetables magic and witchcraft. The white must be provided by each cot- Christian Literature's Influence tage. On the first of each month staff of the mission, some fifty a survey is made and each cot- The Christian Literature So- tage that has a neat yard, gar- in all, are scattered over all ciety for Japan, carried on by den, etc., is given a small ,amount Melanesia, doing pastoral, edua staff of both J.apanese and of money for meat or fish. Once cational, medical, and industrial foreigners, and other Christian a year small prizes are given to work. publishing agencies encourages the five best kept cottages. Japanese Christian authorship, Kerosene for lighting and one A Unique Student Church undertakes the expense of im- suit of clothes each year is proportant translations, brings out vided. Medical treatment is of Central Student Church, lobooks which are not commer- course given every inmate. cia II y remunerative because cated in the heart of the eduthey are used in a compamtive- Two Anniversaries ly narrow circle, and produces cational d is t ric tisouf nMiqauneilia~ good supplies of miscellaneous Two important anniversaries Philippine Islands, Christian books for old and occurred in Korea last year. young, to build up Christian Syen Chun Station completed the Pacific in that its memberconverts, to make Christ known, its 30th year with appropriate and to give healthy, interesting ceremonies; and Chairyung Sta- ship is composed wholly of adreading to the public in general. tion celebrated its 25th anni- The Japanese are gifted with versary. When it was organ- vanced students in college, northe power of quick response, ized the r ewe r e only five and many letters come in to churches in the territory; now mal school and high school, and indicate that this work is bear- there are 85; then there were ing fruit. no ordained Korean pastors in of many of their teachers and the region, now there are 40; Internal Dissension in Japan then there were only 2,000 com- professors. They are potential municants, now there are over A struggle for supremacy is 9,000. A remarkable movement future leaders in the economic, being waged between the mili- which may affect greatly the tarists, capitalists, internation- future of missionary work is professional and religious life alists, fascists, and communists, the migration of multitudes of and combinations of these fac- Koreans into Manchuria, called of the Philippines. The leaders tors. Public opinion has been one of the greatest race migra- "educated" to demand recogni- tions in history. in all walks of life are young tion of the new Manchurian state, of Manchukuo as a self- ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC men and young women. determined state. Missionary Ship for Melanesia· The new building for Central A correspondent writes that Japan regards the problem not The Southern Cross VI, built Student Church, costing $75,000 only as one of independence for at Cowes, England, at a cost Manchuria but as Asia's oppor- of $125,000, and destined for is now ready for dedication. A tunity for emancipation from foreign domination. Beneath friend from California gave what appears to be imperialism $25,000 and other American friends contributed generously; the Manila student congrega- tion, out of meager funds, con- tributed their part.

On Sunday afternoons groups of the young members travel by bus to preaching and teach- ing appointments in towns and villages scattered many miles around Manila. In this way they have an unusual training for Christian service.

Financial Crisis in Tahiti This is a French colony with 6,585 inhabitants, the majority of whom were converted to Christianity by the French Protestant missionaries. Under the influence of the financial crisis, a movement has originated among these people to attitude of whites towards pended "for disciplinary rea- abandon the modern manner of them. The Episcopal Church in sons" stood at 80,172. living and to do without all Virginia recently voted by a The number of 0 l' d ,a i ned luxuries, to give lJP foreign majority of more than six to Presbyterian ministers is 9,939, trading and to return to the one to give Negro clergymen a decrease of seventy-five from manner of living of their fore- votes in their council. Of 453 the preceding year, due to the fathers. -The Presbyterian. churches there, 45 are Negro. effort to merge weak churches.

Fisk University graduated 82 Due to the depression, giving News from Australia students last June. Bishop Fran- to church causes has been re- cis J. McConnell was the com- duced. The total contributions Australia has been obliged to mencement orator. A new build- in the fiscal year were $50,172,- make drastic reductions in mis- ing for the department of chem- 304, showing a decrease of $7,- sionary expenditure. The num- 999,077. ber of European missionaries istry has been added. More than a million dollars in assets has Methodist Finances has declined from 99 to 89 since 1921, but the membership been ,acquired under the presi- The Board of Home Missions of the Native Church (apart dency of Thomas Elsa Jones of the Methodist Episcopal from Tonga, Samoa, and the Church reports a serious de- and is now standardized by the cline in receipts for the eight Solomons – now belonging to months ending June 30th. The Southern Association of Col- board's share of World Service leges. receipts for eight months was $687,991, a decrease of $285,- New Zealand) has increased as The tendency in the south is 120 as compared with last year. follows: 1921, 40,105; 1931, to increase facilities for the Should this rate of decline con- 47,474; while the attendants at education of Negro youth, espe- tinue until October 31 the republic worship have risen from cially in the field of secondary ceipts will be $1,139,000, or 142,660 in 1921, to 160,941 in education. The 5,000 Rosen- show a decrease of about $472,- 1931. Much has been done also wald schools are pouring a 000 as compared with last year. in building up a native church, greatly enlarged stream of col- This in addition to a decrease and in developing responsibil- ored youth into high schools. of $456,000 last year. ity, especially in Fiji. There is There is also an increasing an apparent revival of interest number of interracial meetings, Six thousand, one hundred in missionary work, especially especially among students and and sixty-seven Met hod i s t among the young people.-The youth in the churches, and churches, giving over six mil- Australian Missionary Review. there is reported a growing lions for pastoral support, gave feeling among Negro leaders last year only $227,000 for World Service. Whereas ten NORTH AMERICA that the future of their race . will be worked out in the south Laymen's Foreign Mission rather than in the north.

Inquiry The Laymen's Foreign Mis- Presbyterian Statistics years ago for every dollar given sions Inquiry, which has been The membership of the Pres- for ministerial support throughcarried out by fifteen commis- byterian Church in the United out the entire connection 49 sioners who have been study- States of America is larger than cents had been given to World ing foreign missions in the Far Service, last year this ratio had East since last fall, will soon ever before in the 143 years' make their report public. The history of the denomination. declined to 20 cents. Ten years . The total communicant member- ago for every dollar expended commissioners met in Maine for on current expense (not includtwo weeks during August to ship is 2,009,875, and the net ing building or repairs), $1.03 gain in membership in the year put their report in shape to was 10,744 according to the an- was given to World Service. turn over to the evaluating Last year the proportion was body which represents seven de- nual statistical report for the nominations; the Protestant year ending March 31 last. 29 cents to the dollar. In 1921 Episcopal Church, the Presby- The membership in the Sun- the entire Church raised $73,- terian Church of the U. 'S. A., day schools also is the largest 000,000 for all purposes, of the Reformed Church of America, the United Presbyterian, in the history of the denomina- which amount one dollar in five the Methodist Episcopal, and tion, with a total enrollment of went to World Service, wherethe Northern Baptist and the pupils and teachers of 1,624,- as in 1931 out of $93,000,000 Congregational Church. 402, a net increase over the raised for all purposes only one previous year of 3,906 pupils and teachers. dollar in twelve found its way into World Service coffers.

Progress in Negro Education . There were more members Disciples Meet Shortage added to the churches on con- Major Moton of Tuskegee fession of faith. The number The general fund receipts of 'says that' remarkable progress last year was 101,062, while the United Christian Mission-' is being made not only by the that for the previous year was ary Society for last year were Negroes themselves but in the 97,825. The total of those sus- only 83.62 per cent of the re-

ceipts for the previous year. It the churches showed an average teaching a few years he founded has therefore been found neces- attendance of seventy-one per a school under his own supersary to cut $308,149 from the cent. This dropped to sixty-six vision in northern ~ississippi, new budget. Office staff sal- per cent in villages of 3,500 to which in time became one of aries have been reduced; for- 5,000 population. Towns of the best known in the South. eign missionaries are to give a 5,000 to 10,000 showed an at- Having served for twenty-five month and a half service with- tendance average of only forty- years as· president of this inout pay, and reductions have six per cent. In .the cities of stitution, he was called, in Ocalso been made in personnel; in 10,000 to 50,000, the attendance tober, 1927, to be field secrehome missions, staffs are being was forty-two per cent. Cities tary of the American Church reduced; part of the staff of of more than 50,000 population Institute for Negroes. Dr. Bat- the Religious Education Depart- could show an average attend- tle was the first Negro to serve ment is transferred to the ance of only thirty per cent." as field secretary of the Insti- Christian Board of Education, tute or of the National Council.

St. Louis, thus making large Another Friendship Project Through his gift of winning economies. The field budgets The children of the United friends, his ability as a speakfor foreign missions are to be States and the children of other er, and his persistent energy, cut 15 per cent beginning Jan- countries have been brought uary 1, 1933. he has won the confidence of into friendly relations through those with whom he has come Our Crime Problem the friendship school bags sent in contact, and has secured to ~exican children, the doll large sums for the support of Judge ~arcus Kavanaugh of messengers of friendship sent Chicago, after 33 years' expe- to Japan and tl~e friendship the work. -Spirit of Missions.

rience on the bench, states that treasure chests to the Philip- Chinese Girls in America no less than 350,000 persons in pine Islands. The senders and this country live partially or recipients of these tokens feel Three problems have conwholly by crime. Last year more kindly toward each other fronted ~iss Donaldina Cam- eron and her staff at the Prescriminals, by illegal means, ob- because of these experiences. byterian ~ission Home in San tained more than enough money The fourth annual friendship Francisco. The three groups to ·pay for building the Panama are Chinese girls who have project from American children Canal. In his book "Twenty will be sent to the children of Thousand Years in Sing Sing," China in the shape of a friend- been brought into this country meaning that 2,500 prisoners ship folio, containing messages illegally and must be deported to the children, pictures from with an average sentence of magazines, snapshots of the -Chinese girls who have been eight years serve 20,000 years, senders ,and other matter of in- trained at the Presbyterian ~is­ Warden Lawes gives carefully terest. sion at Oakland and who desire prepared statistics and percent- preparation for Christian serv- ages to prove the blessing of The Department of Education ice in China, and homeless or early training. The book says: of the Republic of China has abandoned Chinese babies. The "The records of Sing Sing show expressed an enthusiastic will- Board of National ~issions has that ninety-seven per cent of ingness to co-operate in making set aside a special fund to proour prisoners were never asso- the plan a success. The Amer- vide shelter and training for ciated with any boys' club, or ican committee supervising the the Chinese girls who have been any other of the juvenile asso- project includes Protestants, placed in the mission home by ciations where boys learn how Catholics, and Jews. the Government awaiting deto spend their leisure in whole- portation, and who have no one some recreation. Seventy-five Serving His Race to whom to turn in China when per cent of our prisoners are not skilled or learned in me- Berea College, Kentucky, has they reach there; and also to chanics or trades. Ninety-nine make available the necessary per cent were not actively. in- conferred the degree of Doctor Christian training in China for terested in church orgamza- of Literature upon Wallace A. girls who wish to enter Chris-· tions." Battle. In conferring this de- tian service there. -Watchman-Examiner. gree, President Hutchins said: -Women and Missions.

"W.allace Aaron Battle, alum- LATIN AMERICA Progress in Puerto Rico nus of Berea, friend and dis- City and Country Churches ciple of the Founders; educator and advocate of the Colored Roger W. Babson, after care- race; leader of his people from ful study, reports that the larg- servitude to the service which The Protestant Church of Puerto Rico is taking on the er the community, the smaller is perfect freedom." the percentage of church at- Upon his graduation thirty- momentum of a great evangeli- five years ago, Wallace Battle cal movement. The young leadtendance. He says: "In Incorporated areas and determined to ~vote his life to ers are ready for it and the villages under 2,500 population, educating his people. After evangelical church is giving it a place in the lives of the poor. alw,ays been a matter of rote America unless the task was The country is rising up to take -the student had to memorize speeded up. The Latin Amerthe leadership of the church. his work and answer in the ican Evangelization Campaign A recent conference was held exact phraseology of the book, was undertaken to reach the from which a trained, eager and any answer in his own unevangelized millions by a forgroup of young leaders went words, however intelligent he ward movement of aggressive back into thirty churches and might be on the subject, count- evangelism carried out in coin communities where there are ed against him rather than for operation with missionaries of no churches, to be a spiritual him. Now, with no examina- all denominations working on inspiration and to establish a tions to face, the curricula of the field. The success that has new leadership in the religious the mission schools has been re- crowned the work since its inlife of many. leased for up to date subjects, ception has been phenomenal.

In the non-sectarian, Protes- and a modern scholastic techni- Campaigns have been carried on tant atmosphere native to new que not before possible. Stu- in fourteen countries of Latin Puerto Rico the young people dents are taking eager advan- America. The time occupied of the Presbyterian Church tage. Night classes have been in each country was from three have a wholesome kind of de- opened in many places for the to six months. The founder and nominationalloyalty. When the teaching of geography, English, director of the campaign is Mr.

island was divided between sev- arithmetic, composition and Harry B. Strachan. Great mass en mission groups the Presbyter- simple mechanics, and the regu- meetings have been held in im- ian Church was given the west- lar classes of our mission portant centers, and municipal ern end with Mayaguez as the schools are able to include po- authorities have vied with each largest center of population. litical e con 0 my, mechanics, other in placing halls at the Such a division of labor has not home-making, commercial sub- preacher's disposal. Newspapers only made for effectiveness in jects and religious education. were used to extend the mes- -Women and Missions. sage, with excellent results. group programs but has bred this generous co-operative spirit -The King's Business.

throughout the whole island. South America in Transition WM. C. COVERT. Dr. George P. Howard, in his Refugees Reach Paraguay After Thirty Years recent visits to Peru, Bolivia, The first transport of Men- One small Puerto Rican boy Uruguay and the Argentine, nonite refugees from Harbin, finds evidence that a need for Manchuria, forced to leave was in the first group convert- Christ is being felt. In all his Russia, have arrived safely in ed by the first Presbyterian addresses he presented Christ Paraguay. They number 373 as the only power able to save persons, 78 families. The refumissionary to the island more from chaos, and intense inter- gees will be moved inland, by than 30 years ago. At the Den- est was evinced, particularly in train and wagons, to their ulti- student centers. Roman Cath- mate destination in the Chaco. ver General Assembly, this olic priests thanked him warmly The American Section of the for his message. Central Bureau for Relief has year, that small boy sat as a aided in this program of recommissioner. He is the Rev. More than a million dollars habilitation. This group came Olivo Robles, pastor of Monte- are being expended at present by way of France, whose au- in South America on evangeli- thorities facilitated their progflores Church at Santurce. His cal schools, conducted under ress in every way, commenting North American Christian aus- on their amazing good health church received 181 members on pices, the largest expenditure and hopefulness after the hardconfession of faith last year being for Santiago College, a and has produced three candi- girls' school organized by the ships endured. Methodist Board fifty years Lutheran refugees, numberdates for the ministry and one ago. In Peru, old San Marcos nurse; it holds its Sunday ing 404, have also left Harbin school sessions in three sections because the building cannot ac- commodate all the children. -Presbyterian Banner.

Hindrance Helps Cuba University is being reorganized, by way of Shanghai and Mar- Last year the University of with an evangelical teacher on seilles and are bound for Brazil. the faculty in addition to the Cuba was closed by the Govern- EUROPE ment after a political strike Roman Catholic teacher. A Y. 100 Years of Medical Missions M. C. A. director has been inamong the students, and has vited to reorganize the physical A century has passed since not been reopened. Examina- training. the British Medical Association tions sent out by the Govern- -Presbyterian Banner. ment for all high school pupils was founded. To celebrate this stopped at the same time. Mis- Cooperative Campaign centenary an exhibition of sursion schools took prompt advantage of the restrictions to A few years ago Dr. S. G. gical appliances, drugs and enlarge their opportunities. The Inman said it would take a mil- other medical supplies was government examinations have lennium to evangelize Latin opened in Kensington, near

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

London, on July 26, and Lord ings by Roman Catholic so- speak to the soldiers about the Dawson, President of the As- cieties in six different cities- value of the Bible. Authorities sociation, in a remarkable ad- Brescia, Alba, Torino, Milano, realize that the only way to offdress in Queen's Hall sketched Roma and Gravina di Puglia. set bolshevism is to spread the the history of medical science An aged teacher in the south, Gospel. during the century. In 1832 in writing for a Bible, said: there was an epidemic of "I am 78 years old and never -The Christian Irishman. cholera from which 50,000 per- have seen the Bible in all my sons died. When Sir Charles life. I would be eternally Service by Candle Light Hastings founded the Associa- grateful to anybody who gave tion, there was much darkness me a chance to behold it before Another step is planned in the minds of men upon the my eyes are closed to the light against R u s s ian Christians nature of such dis e a s e s. of this world." A workman in which will make it more dif- ficult than ever to continue the Pasteur, Lister, Manson, Bruce, Caserta wrote: "When I am assembling of themselves to- Ross, and other heroes have reading that Book I feel as if it gether. This is to cut off churches and prayer houses brought new light, but many had been written especially for from the use of public lighting currents. "They waste the pretasks still remain for the heal- me." cious power so needed in indusers of mankind. Among many .-Record of Christian Work. try," say the Soviets. Worship- ers now assemble by candle arresting thoughts Lord Dawson light which can be quickly ex- tinguished. told of the potential energy The Bible in Greece which becomes kinetic in the Lenin's widow makes this obface of the foe. The great In 1930, an incident hap- servation: "the masses are founders of modern medical sci- pened in Greece which has sub- drawn to evangelical religion ence were men of a deep and sequently opened doors hitherto because of an irresistible long- closed. When the new consti- ing for fellowship, knowledge abiding faith in God. and organization. In contrast Pasteur, Lister, and Manson tution was drawn, there was an the tempo of our development were men of humble piety and omission of the clause guar- is exceedingly slow. Bolshevism anteeing liberty for colportage has not succeeded in quenching devout Christians. work, or indeed for even read- the moral thirst of the masses. Among the evangelical sects one Evangelical Church of Spain ing the Scriptures. A new chief finds cleanliness in the highest of police in excessive zeal for degree, absence of alcoholism, For the first time since the enforcing the law forbade an singing." adoption of its constitution the agent of Scotland's Bible So- Evangelical Church of Spain ciety to sell Scriptures, but -Sunday School Times. held its convention, called upon the case being referred to Asamblea. It was held in the public prosecutor, that of- Rumania's Spiritual Movement Barcelona, June 28-30. The ficial pointed out that the circunumber of pastors and dele- lation of the Scriptures in An English missionary congates that met was considerably modern Greek was not opposed nected with the Angelican Jewenlarged, principally because to the Constitution; that such ish Mission in Bucharest, a few this was the first convention circulation has been carried on years ,ago exchanged language since Spain herself enjoys the since at least 1890; that the lessons with a young priest full liberty of faiths. Law of 1924 decrees that from an orthodox seminary. By partial exemption from taxes this contact, the young man ac- The Espana Evangelica has shall be allowed for Bibles pub- cepted evangelical Christianity. been obliged to suspend publica- lished by the British Bible So- He became assistant to one tion because of the critical fi- cieties; that the Presidential Popescu by name, who in turn nancial situation. was led to a real interest in evangelical methods. He began New Interest in Italy Decree of 1924 expressly stated to preach in his church, which that the Municipal Duty has aroused the envy of other priests. Then he preached on People in Italy have more de- been decreased for Bibles pub- justification by faith and was tried for heresy and removed. sire for religious books than in lished by the British Bible '80- He held services for three or four years in the hall of the the past, first of all for the cities; that these books are Anglican Jewish Mission until the prefect of the city sent Bible. The reason is seen in a calculated to serve a useful pur- policemen to stop the meeting. periodical, the Corriere Emili- pose; and that if the circulation Popescu then began to write ano: "Both spirit and soul today were impeded, it would proba- sermons and addresses, which need more than ever that spe- bly cause serious diplomatic cial blessing that overflows question. This emphatic declar- from the reading of the Bible, ation has released the colpor- and everybody has friends or teurs from constant interfer- acquaintances ready to declare ence by officious p r i est s.

the great benefits they have re- Furthermore, the Chief Com- ceived from the Book of God." mander of the Army permits Popular demand for the Bible colpocteurs not only to sell has required additional prjnt- Bibles at the barracks, but to

were sold on the streets. (married to an Arab wife) now Africa Mission of the Presby- Eventually his followers erected over 50 years of age. Since his terian Church in the U. S. A. a building of their own, where- 17th year he has been engaged Mrs. Newhouse states that the upon a law was invoked to in a bitter war against the g e n era 1 situation concerning prevent singing or praying. Saviour. He has been dogging sleeping sickness in the Abong When the present King re- the steps of the missionaries in Mbang district has improved turned to Rumania, the prefect this great continent, but of late not ice a b I y, the government who had instigated the opposi- years he has found a fine hunt- doctors having proved by tests tion was dismissed and expelled ing-ground in Johannesburg, that the percentage of the popu- because of his political activity. where he has done valiant work lation having sleeping sickness The evangelicals are now able for the Moslems. He is very virus in their blood has been to have both song and prayer in intelligent and highly educated. reduced to 2.6 per cent, and their services. But the Ortho- He speaks I do not know how that the percentage of new dox Church, a I arm e d at many languages. His command cases has been reduced to 1.35 Popescu's influence, which has of English is excellent. A few per cent. While the disease is extended throughout the length months since he got hold of a not yet stamped out, it is no and breadth of the land, now native who was outwardly con- longer epidemic as it was a few insist that their own priests verted to Christianity and per- years ago. The vigorous meas- shall preach. "Wherever there suaded him to become a Mo- ures of government ,and mis- are evangelicals," testified a hammedan. The lad took his sionaries have saved villages priest recently in a newspaper Bible to his new teacher and and tribes from practical exterarticle, "there is less stealing, was going to tear it up, when, mination.

drunkenness, and immorality." moved by a strong impulse, his The ideal of the medical The very opposition which they teacher said, 'No, give it to me.' work of the mission is to give suffered served to call sym- He thought it would be well for medical treatment to all comers pathetic attention to them and him to have it to help him in free of charge, but lack of to strengthen their characters. some of his controversies. He funds has made this impossible. -Alliance Weekly. locked it up carefully, and one As far as the Mission is able, AFRICA day later on went to consult it it gives medicines and operates about the birth of our Lord. free of charge for many of the Moslem Convert's Conference God almost immediately gripped patients are so poor that their him and he went on with the only possessions are the bark A conference of men converts secret reading of that Word be- cloth which they wear. The from Islam was held last spring hind carefully locked doors, for mission is treating many babies at Zeitoun, near ,Cairo. About fear of his wife getting to know and children who are suffering twenty attended the full three what he was about. One day from the serious diseases of the days; others came in for a day. when he went out hurriedly he tropics. Almost the whole of Egypt was forgot to lock up the Bible, and represented. There were three his wife, who wanted to dis- First Fruits Among converted sheikhs from Azhar cover what he was doing in se- Foulacoundas University; the son of a rich cret, now found the Bible, and mayor was present, also a boot she began also secretly to read The Foulacoundas of French maker and several students. it. He did not know anything West Africa are predominat- The oldest in attendance was about this, nor did he know ingly fetich worshippers. Some baptized 54 years ago. Each what his wife was doing. When have turned to Islam, and the could tell' a story of suffering later on he felt he could no country is overruh with fanatifor his faith, one had even lost longer keep silent he told her of cal Foula Mohammedans from an eye. His story went back to his new found faith, and asked French Guinea. The Rev. J. S. the time of his own conversion her if she would now want to Johanson of Senegal writes in and baptism, when during the desert him. To his joy'his wife the Alliance Weekly that after fifteen months of Gospel work trouble that arose on account of confessed herself also a be- the first pagans ,are confessing his b e com i n g a Christian, liever, and said she would go their need of Christ. A threesoldiers had to intervene to anywhere with him. This man day tour was conducted, with protect him, but not before he has been baptized and has a tent and canvas spread on received a blow which resulted taken the name of John Hope." the ground as pro t e c t ion in the loss of his eye.

Moslem Missionary Converted Medical Work in Cameroun against scorpions. After the message, when all who would Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer gives Sleeping sickness and leprosy were asked to remain and pray, the following interesting news are being subdued by medical none went away. Men, women from South Africa: "Quite re- missionaries in Africa, accord- and young boys ,asked God to cently has occurred the conver- ing to a report received from forgive them, to keep them sion of a Moslem missionary in Mrs. W. D. Newhouse, editor from sin and help them follow Johannesburg. He is a Turk of The Drum Call, of the West the Jesus way.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Work Among Wild Tribes boy you left down here on earth. Naturally it is a matter of deep The Walesi people are about Speak to Him on my behalf, regret to its friends and supone stage higher than the and ask that He give me suc- porters that it must lose its pigmy in mentality, but as low cess. I am going out to shoot separate identity, but there are morally; they live in small leaf elephants. Put in a good word compensations in the hope for a houses or huts, crowded to- for me." This offers the mis- large sphere of service for the gether for safety. Mr. P. sionary an opportunity to teach joint enterprise in Beirut. The Moules, of the Heart of Africa him that Christ is mediator be- Presbyterian Mission rejoices Mission, tells of a month's trek tween God and man. in this opportunity for cooperaamong these and similar tribes. tive work with the original -The King's Business. founder of our work in Syria, On one occasion I had been in a the American Board, and also village only a few minutes when a WESTERN ASIA because of the fact that the man came along with his two wives. new School will be a laboratory I commenced talking to hi'm about An All Jewish City of racial understanding. Jesus, and found that he was a "Bili" man and dabbled in witchcraft. I Tel Aviv, Palestine,enjoys -Syria News Quarterly. felt here was a challenge from the the distinction of being the only devil, and strove with ,all my might all-Jewish city in the world. It Persia Goes Modern to get him to decide for Christ. He is practically 100 per cent Jewhad a great fear that "Bili" would ish, for out of a population of Persia grows more modern kill him if he believed, but at last 45,000, only 240 residents are every day. All over Teheran, he said, "God is greater than Bili and not J.ews. Only Hebrew is the capital, are piles of sand, surely He will guard me; I will fol- spoken. Dr. Milton J. Rosen, bricks, bags of cement, scaf- Harvard professor, essayed a folding and steel frames of low Jesus. I will give up sin and witchcraft and become a Christian." 'vVe prayed, and he went on his way; conversation with a small boy buildings in course of construchis two wives ,also confessed Christ. on the streets of Tel Aviv. To tion. Where the old buildings his surprise, the lad refused to have been torn down spring up Jungle Theology speak English, and kept repeat- modern structures in concrete No African denies the exist- ing "Rak Ivrith" (only He- and steel. Everywhere frenzied ence of God. They have many brew). Dr. Rosen asked him building is going on, and all names for Him, each denoting why he spoke only Hebrew. the Persian cities are increassome characteristic of God, for With a saucy look and the con- ing in size, not in width, but in names in Africa always denote fident expectation that his an- height. Persia is said to have character, so that when an swer would be annihilating, the more speed maniacs than any African tells his name, he feels boy asked in the Hebrew other country, and since camel he is giving himself away, and tongue, "Isn't it the language caravans travel the same roads this he does not wish to do, ex- that God speaks?" as autos, the highways are cept to ,a friend. When a boy Jewish ceremonials and holi- strewn with wrecked cars and hears some new word, such as days hold sway as nowhere else. bodies of camels. Every day, "soap," he thinks that would With the approach of twilight also, Persia increases her numbe a wonderful name. He uses on Friday the Shofar is blown, ber of airplanes, imported from it for a few months, saying, and stores, factories, even bus Germany. New ports are be- "My name is Soapy." Or one lines cease. There are both ing constructed and oil producwill hear, "I am Knife:v," or "I public and private schools for tion from the Bahrein Islands am Forkey." One of the fa- general instruction, arts, music increases continually. Also, the vorite names is "Spooney." The and trades. Herzliah School building of railways goes on real name is only discovered as has 800 students, and its grad- steadily. One new section of you come to know the man, and uates are admitted to colleges the Trans-Persian Railroad, rehe opens his heart to you. So in Europe and America. cently opened, cost 600 human it is in these tribes when they speak of God. They say "the Merger Approved lives, because the work involved exceptional peril. For the line Father of creation-the One The Syria Mission .of the that ties Teheran up with the who creates and the One who Presbyterian Church III the coast, 200 tunnels must be dug. recreates." The thought is, U. S. A. has approved the pro- -Literary Digest. after we have spoiled the job, posed merger of the School of He is perfectly able to recreate Religion in Athens with their No Missionary Allowed us. own School for Religious Work- While there are 9,000,000 The African is also very ers in Beirut. The School in Moslems in Afghanistan, not a spiritual. The unseen world has Athens has a very inspiring single representative of the a distinct reality, and they history of ten years at that Church is there, though for readily become spiritists. It is location, and before its estab-. years missionaries have looked quite common to hear some one lishment there its predecessors forward to obtaining permissay, "0 spirit of my mother, in Turkey had prepared many sion to enter that country. The think of me. Try to get before ministers for evangelical work bars have recently been let God and tell Him· all .about the in Turkey and the Balkans. down, however, to the extent

that Afghanistan is now per- enmity of many of the village the Chamars too much hilarity mitting anyone to enter the headmen ,and wealthy land- to see a dignitary attempt to country, provided he does not owners has been a terrible test manage a team of obstreperous stay longer than two months, for many of the new converts. oxen, or keep the plow where though to date no missionary . . . The incidents we listened it belonged. However, there is has ever remained in Af- to, the advance in spiritual real significance in the Mahaghanistan for a period that growth that we recorded, the raja's action and when he said long. In 1924 a small group disappearing of weakness and that if there was any sin atremained for t h r e e weeks, the putting on of strength, to- tached to plowing with one's though they were not per- gether with the report of bap- own hands, he took it upon mitted to preach the Gospel tisms, caste 1,400, out-caste himself in the interest of the while there. 5,924, Gond 305 and Lambadi state. 30, proved that so far from -Presbyterian Advance. calling ,a halt, the movement is -Indian Witness. pressing on triumphantly. The INDIA AND BURMA changed lives of outcaste con- "Eight-Point Outline" verts has brought home to caste Reach India Through Children Hindus the bankruptcy of their Rev. N. F. Silsbee of Ban- religion, with the result that galore City was asked to co- Professor B. C. Mukerji, on the Christian Church now in- operate with Indian Christians the eve of sailing recently from cludes representatives of the in an evangelistic campaign, America for India, said that Brahman, Goldsmith, Farmer, and to reach as many Moslems India crowds ,a population three Fisherman, Weaver, Shepherd, as possible. For five days the times that of the United States Tailor, Carpenter, Blacksmith, work concentrated in the secinto one-half the area. To Pot t e r, Washerman, Stone- tions where Mohammedans live. understand the condition of mason and many other castes. The "Eight-Point Outline" was these 350,000,000 of people one used, designed to bring out the must realize, he said, that only New Term of Reproach following points in every place 30,000,000 can claim any degree visited: (1) Christ was promof culture. The remainder are A straw that shows which ised in the writings of the in a primitive state of ignor- way the wind is blowing is the Prophets. (2) In the fullness ance and superstition. "The fact that at Alexandra High of time, and according to promshortest way to the redemption School, Amritsar, the term ise, He came, born of ,a virgin, of a hackward people," he de- "non-Christian" is now con- of the seed of Abraham and clared, "is through their chil- sidered a reproach, and has David. (3) He taught the peodren. The most expeditious been removed from the school's ple with authority as a Teacher method of reaching the children prospectus. The principal says sent from God. (4) He peris known as Daily Vacation that not infrequently smaller formed miracles as proofs of Bible School work. In India n 0 n-C h r i s t ian pupils are His Messiahship and as illustrathis is called the student vaca- taunted by Christian pupils, be- tions of spiritual truth. (5) tion ministry. The young col- cause they worship "black, He died on the cross for the sin lege men and women of India black idols." of the world. (6) He rose to the number of nearly 1,000 again the third day and apare con d u c tin g during six -C. M. S. Outlook. peared to witness. (7) He asweeks of their holiday approxi- cended into heaven, and is now mately 600 of these religious Maharaja Touches a Plow alive there, our Priest King. schools reaching the children of (8) He will return again to the depressed classes in large When the Maharaja of the earth at the end of the present numbers." For two years Mr. Rewa State recently touched a age of grace. Only (5) and Mukerji has been released by plow with his own hands, it (6) are denied by Moham- Serampore College to give him- was considered news, and was medans. self to this work. given space in the dailies. Time was when crops remained un- -Darkness and Light. The Outcaste Movement sown because there were no low caste men to do the plowing, Vocational Work in Anklesvar The Wesleyan Mission in most of them having gone to Hyderabad, where the first Calcutta to work in mills. The The Church of the Brethren fourteen caste converts were Maharaja feels that the Brah- (Elgin, Illinois) is gIvmg baptized a few years ago, re- mans and landlords can no Christian training for rural ports: "In spite of the bitter- longer maintain this attitude teachers in their Anklesvar est persecution there is no sign towards plowing and thus it School in Bombay Presidency. of the movement abating… We was that His Highness con- They have added to Christian rejoice to record 7,234 caste descended to touch ,a plow, al- instruction courses in rural baptisms since the first four- though he did not attempt to hygiene, teacher training, nateen were baptized. . . 1,400 in turn a furrow. It would afford ture study, vocational agriculthe past year. . . The bitter ture, carpentry and blacksmith- ing. Special emphasis has been

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

placed on oral teaching by the Burma's Need Vacation and the Bible story method and on projects Rev. M. C. Parish, Baptist Three tho usa n d vacation missionary in Pegu, Burma, de- church schools were carried on a.nd the working out of prac- clares that hundreds of villages last summer in Presbyterian in Burma have never even churches, an increase of 350 tIcal problems. Rev. I. W. heard a Christian evangelist. over any previous summer, and He also says that there are it represented an enrolment of Moomaw is the missionary in more than 9,000,000 Burman 212,000 children. Kansas City, Buddhists in that country ac- Kansas, reported 15,000 chilcharge of the hweaodrkmasatnedr.PStuG~ cording to the last census,' and dren in 87 v.acation church Bhagat is the that there are but 5,889 Bur- schools, nearly 100 per cent of man Christians. The Pegu dis- the public school enrolment. In dents have learned practical trict alone is reported to have the mission fields abroad, word 1,100 villages, many of them comes that more than 100,000 lessons by operating a small without the knowledge of the children were enrolled in vaca- Gospel. tion schools under the care of store, by working a school the mission stations. Korea A Home Mission Society in heads the list, with 15,000 engarden, by building a model Moulmein, which last year cut rolled pupils. More than 7,000 its budget, has decided to re- Presbyterian you n g p e 0 pIe house, caring for cattle, raising store its larger budget. The gathered in summer confer- numbel' of baptisms increased ences lasting from seven to poultry, and by dealing with from 268 to 427. twelve days under 700 compeh~me and village problems. tent leaders, including experi- – Watchman-Examiner. enced pastors and teachers. NIght schools are conducted for Such a conference is being GENERAL planned for Puerto Rico in those who must work during 1933, and one has been held in Sunday School Gains the day. The cotton crop of Cuba. While churches are confront- -Presbyterian Ba.nner. the school has yielded 370 bls.

per acre and 869 bls. of corn per acre–a Ire a d y one-third more than the community aver- age. A school cooperative bank has proved a valuable training to boys who have never saved- and possibly n eve r handled money before they came to the school. Sixty-five graduates in the past seven years have gone out to teach in mission schools.

In Assam ing a loss, or doubtful gain in The ,attendance at the annual ~embership, substantial growth Foreign Missions in Esperanto IS reported in world-wide 'Sun- A~sociation among the Ao Naga day School numbers. Report In view of the fact that so- cialists of all descriptions and trIbes numbered 3,216 in spite forms were sent to 132 coun- communists have put Esperanto tries, and a summary of re- to use in international comof the prolonged m 0 n s 0 0 n. turns from 113 countries shows munications it must be con- ,a gain throughout the world of sidered an important novelty to Many delegates traveled four 2,29~,366 during the last quad- use this medium for reaching renmum. It is interesting to friends of missions the world days on foot to attend for it is note that by far the largest over in the same way. Per- sonally we have always welthe high tide social event and gains in percentage were in comed the fact that men and women interested in missions in religious experience of the year. gentral America (47.1%) and all countries are widely con- m South America (33.3%). versant with English and have The entertaining village is near Europe was the only section been of the opinion that this tha~ showed a decrease (8.7%), was a sort of international the well-traveled government whIle North America, where language for all who have any- the numerical gain exceeded thing to say on missionary subpath and this path was one jects. However, there ,are that throughout the world by people everywhere who perhaps !ong .pro~ession of people walk- over a half .a million, had a mg m smgle file, with baskets percentage increase of 14.3. The summary is as follows: on their backs. They were eagerly hurrying along, anxious to meet their friends, get settled isneethtehi~r temporary abodes and titanic meeting house.

Accordmg to the new census re- port the Ao Nagas number about 34,000, and approxi- Increase mately one-fourth of this num- During are more interested in other ber belong to the Christian fields than missions who might group. There are fifty-six Ao Grand No. of Total Quad- Naga villages with a Baptist Division S. S. be acquainted with the work of Church in each, and ninety per Enrolment rennium missions if information on the Africa 15,824 Asia 32,760 905,742 116,084 subject appeared in the medium Europe 78,384 1,733,045 57,039 North America 185,383 8,503,595 814,155' 22,825,052 2,854,423 cent of these churches are self- Central America 452 30,797 9,867 to which they are accustomed. 227,789 56,934 . An interesting contribution supporting. Christian schools South America 4,019 201,842 13,148 of that nature has just ap- peared under the title "La In- West Indies 2 083 881,456 1,026 ternacia Misia Konsilantaro Oceania and ' now total fifty, with h1~v2e59bepeunpils enrolled. There Australasia 11,969 467 accessions to the church Grand Totals 1932 330,874 35.309.318 2,294,36{; through baptism this past year. *' Decrease. its Aim and its Task." , •

Missionary

Recent Boo~s Reviewed for the Readers' Information China-Yesterday and Today. By E. Christian missions. Three pages answered, but the beok clc ses T. Williams, Map and IllustratlOns. and a few statistics contain all with an expression of a wish Fifth Edition. 8 vo. 743 pp. $4.00. he has to say about this subject. to serve his country under the Crowell. New York. 1932. His attitude is friendly but his leadership of Jesus. information seems to be very This story of China and the limited. "Christianity" is not Living Issues in China. By Henry T. Chinese has proved its value even included in the subjects Hodgkin. 215 pp. $1.00. Friendby the fact that there has been indexed and the bibliography of a call for five editions. The some 275 volumes includes only ship Press. New York. latest revision brings the situa- about a dozen volumes on mistion down to the present year sionary work, though these Dr. Hodgkin probably knows by the insertion of sixteen pioneers have probably done pages on "China's struggle for more than any other agency to China as well as any living Democracy." There i~ also a open up China to peaceful new map on which is found penetration and for the educa- man. He was a missionary of some of the new names for tion of the Chinese in the high- Chinese cities. The map is est ideals of culture, religion, the Society of Friends in China clear and shows the provinces, world friendship, and service to the new state of Manchukuo humanity. from 1905 to 1910, when he reand the principal cities, rivers and railroads, but fails to lo- The Young Revolutionist. By Pearl turned to England to become cate many important centers of S. Buck. 12 mo. 182 pp. Cloth, $1.50; paper, $.75. Friendship Press. secretary of the Friends Forpopulation. New York. 1932. An immense amount of re- eign Missionary Association, a The same knowledge of China liable information is contained and the Chinese and the same post which he held for ten in these 743 pages. The author artistic ability and literary skill is professor of Oriental Lan- are shown in this short novel years. In 1920, he returned to guages ,and Literature in the as are revealed in the author's University of California and previous success. "Th.e Good China and traveled extensively was formerly American Charge Earth." Here, however, Mrs. d'Affairs at Peking. He lived in Buck is more restrained and re- throughout that great country, China before the Manchu Dy- fined in the handling of Chinese nasty was overthrown in 1911 crudities. "The Young Revolu- lecturing to students and other and has watched the great tionist" is a Chinese lad, dedichanges going on in the Re- cated to the Buddhist priest- groups. When the National public. His first chapter fur- hood, who flees and enters the nishes an excellent picture of revolutionary army. He is Christian Council of China was China as a country and this is ignorant of life and is filled followed by chapters on the his- with communistic and atheistic formed in 1922, he became one tory of the Chinese, the family ideas by his captain. This proand social life, i n d u s t r i e s, duces hatred of all foreigners of its secretaries, and for seven guilds, festivals, Confucius and and all religion-until he exhis teachings, Buddhism and periences Christian kindness at years he was an active factor Taoism, art and literature, for- the hands of a missionary eign influence and trade, re- doctor. His eyes are partially in the development of the coforms and revolutions. The opened to the terrible realities appendix gives statistics and of warfare and the falseness of operative work of the many other detailed facts of interest. revolutionary propaganda. Es- caping from the army, he re- churches and missions compris- For general information this turns home with questions as is probably the best of recent to patriotism and religion and ing the Council. This book is compendiums on China. Its "foreign devils" which are not weakest point is the small small in size but large in imamount of information given as [572] to the progress and influence of portance. The author discusses a wide range of subjects relat- ing to present day China, and does so with a clarity of under- standing and a felicity of ex- pression that makes the book intensely interesting and high- ly instructive. A. J. BROWN.

The Japan Christian Year Book. Edited by W. C. Lamott, 12 mo. 406 pp. Yen 2.50 or $1.50. Kyo Bun Kwan. Tokyo. 1932.

This annual was formerly published under the title, "The Christian Movement in Japan and Formosa." The new editor, who has done his work remark- ably well, is the Rev. Willis C. Lamott, for twelve years a Presbyterian m iss ion a r y in Tokyo and also now· a teacher in the Meiji Gakuin (a union colI e g e). There are seven been rescued from temples bristles with questions on which Japanese and fifteen foreign where they were being trained equally devout men differ, natu- contributors to the volume. as actors or musicians and rally includes opinions that will The widened scope of this where they were surrounded not be acceptable to some new year book is shown by the by soul-destroying influences. readers; but no one will ques- reports on Cooperative Chris- At Dohnavur they lead a tion the ability, scholarship and tian Institutions. It is a rich natur,al, happy life, go to school sincerity with which the author mine of information on the and are taught to love and trust advocates "the vision of God as political, social and economic and obey' God as revealed in revealed in Christ" as the su- situation. Dr. Kagawa writes Jesus Christ. They are pre- preme need of the world.

ten pages on religious move- pared for useful Christian serv- A. J. B.

ments showing the progress of ice to their fellowmen. These The Advance Guard-200 Years of the Kingdom of God. Other de- are fragmentary stories that Moravian Missions. 95 pp. $1.

partments relate to Christian give us glimpses of what boys Moravian Book Room. London. 1932. education, social welfare work, are like, how they are trained No other Christian comdirectories and statistics. Those and what are the results. munion has a better missionary who read the valuable papers Christianity and the New World. By record than the Moravians. will gain a wonderful insight F. R. Barry. 317 pp. $3. Harper From the days of Ziegenbalg· into conditions in Japan. The and Brothers. New York. 1932. down to the present, that com- paratively small body of Chrischief omission seems to be in Readers who keep abreast of tians has been animated by the exclusion of reference (ex- current theological literature missionary zeal and has sent an have noted with keen interest astonishing proportion of its cept in the directories) of such the successive volumes in The workers and money into misimportant independent work as Library of Constructive The- sionary work in many lands. ology whose editors "are con- This little book tells the story. that of the Omi Mission, the vinced that the C h r i s t ian It is based on a German work Japan Evangelistic Band and Church is confronted with a by Bishop Baudert and is here the Oriental Missionary Society. great though silent crisis and translated for English reading. also with an unparalleled op- It is an inspiring record of mis- We miss an index such as has po r tun i t y," and whose an- sionary devotion and success. nounced purpose is "to produce been in former editions. The volumes which might find ,a . A. J. B. statistics show a total foreign useful place on the shelves of mission staff (in 60 societies) the clergyman, and no less on The Development of the Missionary of 1,176 and ,a total native those of the intelligent lay- and Philanthropic Interest Among man." The present volume is the Mennonites of North America. staff of 5,779. The Japanese another in this series and has By Edmund George K~ufman, .w~th been written by an eminent introduction by ArchIbald Gllhes Christian communicants num- scholar of the Church of Eng- Baker. 416 pp. Mennonite Book ber 175,364 and 43,643 baptized land and Oxford University. Concern. Berne, Indiana. 1932. He discusses the Problem of non-communicants. About one- Mennonites have not figured third of the unordained mission largely in missionary literature. workers are reported as not They have a history of over professing Christians. Modernity, Religion and Life, 400 years and they have been The volume can be obtained from mission headquarters in Japan, Korea, China, England and America. .

Brothers of Lotus Buds. By Godfrey the New Testament Contribu- in America for nearly 250 Webb-Peploe. Illus. 12 mo. 28. 6d. tion, the Ethic of Jesus, Hu- years, but their interest in mis- S.P.C.K. London. 1932. manism and the Gospel, Doing sions is a rather recent develop- The Dohnavur Fellowship, es- the Will of God, The Redemp- ment as compared with that of tablished by Amy Carmichael, tion of Values, The Family, other Christian bodies. It is in South India, is engaged in a Citizenship, Spending and Get- only fifty years since the first beautiful and inspiring work. ting, and The Life of the World missionary was sent forth by It is for the rescue of boys and to Come. He believes that "in- the Mennonites of America. girls by giving them Christian comparably the most imperious Why so late a development .of environment and instruction challenge which today confronts this interest in a group WIth and by witnessing to the love Christianity is the moral chaos such a long history? How, at and life and power of Christ of our generation," and that the last, did this interest begin? in the surrounding villages. Church should "take a survey The author, formerly a Men- One of the workers, the grand- of the various new factors, nonite missionary in China, son of Prebendary H. W. Webb- psychological, economic, socio- answers these questions and Peploe of London, tells these logical, and offer creative moral presents much interesting intrue stories of experiences with leadership at once more pro- formation regarding the Menthe children. They are char- gressive and more stable than' nonites in general. There are acteristic and life-like pictures non-Christian t h ink i n g can 142,000 in Europe and 144,965 of the Indian boys at school, promise." A book that tra- in North America, most of at play, at worship. They have verses a wide field which whom are "prosperous farmers,

neither wealthy nor poor." The psychological study. He again activities and opportunities for Mennonites in North America and again asks the question: worthwhile service. are conducting missionary work Why did Ignatius do thus In this volume Dr. McLaughamong the American Indians and so ?-seeking to make his lin of Richmond, Virginia, preand in Africa, China, India, the deeds and words ring true to sents a car,eful study of the Near East, Mongolia and Ar- the skeptical mind of the 20th field and its needs and opporgentina. They have sent out, century reading public. tunities followed by practical since 1880, 404 missionaries, Mr. Hollis says that he is a suggestions for a rural church and in 1927, the last year for loyal Catholic, but does not curriculum in religious educawhich figures are given, they hesitate to speak in a half- tion. The book is interesting gave for home and foreign mis- humorous way about the "de- and stimulating. Dr. McLaughsions and relief work $666,784, ficiencies" he finds in the sub- lin is' familiar with modern an average of $7.08 per mem- ject of his biography. In touch- methods of education, but he beber as compared with the aver- ing upon the so-called miracles lieves in spiritual methods for age of $4.17 for eleven other of Ignatius of Loyola he gently spiritual results. The purpose denominations. This is a highly takes refuge behind the im- is to give students .a knowledge creditable showing. A. J. B. pregnable Catholic belief in his of God and personal devotion to The Red Man's Trail. By William B. sainthood, in which all things Jesus Christ, to produce Christ- Morrison. 12 mo. 132 pp. Fifty are possible. But his writing like character to show the true cents. Presbyterian Committee of is not polemic and there is little results of Christian life and to Publication. Richmond, Va. 1932. of the controversy between lead into unselffish, effective Here is the story of Southern Catholic and Protestant. service. Every rural pastor and Presbyterian work for the In- From the first chapter on Christian educationalist will dians of the United States. Dr. "The Importance of Being find this study rich in sugges- Morrison has been familiar Holy" to the 17th and last one tion. with Indian life and work in "The Meaning of Ignatius," we Oklahoma where he has been have a book which having be- The Mother. By Yusuke Tsurumi. president of the college at Du- gun one is sure to finish; and By Rae D. Henkle. 287 pp. $2.50. rant and late professor of his- having finished will put it aside New York. 1932.

tory in the 'State Teachers Col- with the thought that here is Many Americans have read lege. He describes briefly the one who lived consciously in the about the political, military and Indians as 'he has known them, presence of God, and with the commercial activities of Modern and in outline records the thrill- further questions-to whom in Japan, but comparatively few ing annals of missionary work this age can we compare him have read about the psychology in the early days, the present and why does not our genera- and family life of the Japanese. missions of his church and the tion produce more men like This volume deals with the latoutlook for tomorrow. Dr. him? JAMES CANTINE. ter. The author has ideal qual- Morrison asks for sympathy, Religious Education in the Rural ifications for the interpretation fair dealing and adequate op- Church. By Henry W. McLaughlin. of his people. He was educated portunity for the Indians. He 800. 219 pp. $1.50. Revell. New at the Imperial University in calls for more white mission- York. 1932. Tokyo, has held high positions aries and a loving, clear pre- Many of our finest religious in the government, represented sentation of the Gospel of leaders and best citizens have it at various international con- com e fro m rural districts ferences, written twenty-three Christ. where life was hard and priv- books, and lectured at several Saint Ignatius. By Christopher Hol- ileges were few. Today eco- American universities and Willis. 287 pp. $2.50. Harper & nomic and social conditions liamstown Institute of Politics. Brothers. New York. 1931. have changed. Modern inven- A quarter of a million copies of The publishers' jacket gives tions, opportunities, and temp- the present book were sold in as the sub-title, "Founder of tations which were formerly pe- Japan within a year of its pub- the Jesuits," and as such culiar to cities have involved lication, and it has been drama- Ignatius is generally known. the country. At the same time tized on the stage and shown in But a better interpretation of the drift has been away from moving pictures. It is an in- the book is the title the author the farm and rural districts tensely interesting story of a loves to use-Ignatius, the have been impoverished. The widowed and penniless mother, Lover of God. As one reads, city-ward drift has resulted in struggling to rear and educate the organizer and master of problems that have brought her children and to maintain this great society recedes into economic and social disaster. the ancestral traditions and the background and one sees in- The movement back to the farm ideals of Japanese family life.

stead, Ignatius the Saint. And should be encouraged by mak- The author himself has trans- this seems to be the aim of the ing life in rural districts more lated it into English, and Pro- author. He disclaims approach- attractive and fruitful. One fessor Charles A. Beard has ing his task as a historian, way is by providing for better written a highly commendatory his purpose being to make a education, character building Introduction. A. J. BROWN.

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

The Horror of It. Frederick A. Bar- tional Peace through Religion, The total number of mission- ber. $1.50. Published by Brewer, with an introduction by the Sec- aries on December 31, 1930, was Warren & Putnam. retary of the Commission, Ruth 937, located in 297 stations. The Cranston. The volume is well communicants number 74,180 What lies between the de- indexed and it presents a large and there are over three thouparture of armed forces swing- amount of reliable information sand Chinese workers, only oneing to the front to the accom- regarding the economic indus- fourth of whom are supported paniment of waving flags and trial, racial, religious, scientific by foreign funds. martial music, and the return and political causes of war. of the remnant of those same Knowing the Bible. By Raymond C. forces from the field of con- A. J. BROWN. Knox. 278 pp. $1.75. Macmillan. flict after the armistice is New York. 1931. signed, is vividly portrayed in The New Man. By Capt. Reginald this volume of poems and "cam- Wallis. 95 pp. 18. Pickering & The aim of this book is to era records of war's gruesome Inglis. London. 1932. promote understanding of the glories." They are assembled Bible from the modern point of by Frederick A. Barber of the Captain Wallis resigned his view. The author accepts the Historical Foundation. We are commission in the English army advanced critical positions and told that the War Department to become General Secretary of the full bibliography includes objected to the publication of the Dublin Y. M. C. A. In his scarcely one work by a conthese pictures of war as it work he says he has "frequent- servative writer. The book really is-and imagination re- ly felt the need of a little book is well arranged and has four volts against visualizing the to place in the hands of young maps and a chronological table, battlefield. Here are the ter- fellows who are led to decision but why do some modern rible facts as caught by the for Christ, and who honestly writers fight shy of the usual photographer. They are true. desire to cultivate those virtues Christian vocabulary? For ex- One cannot escape the implica- which conduce to true Chris- ample on page 229 the author tion. Noone who sees this book tian manhood,"-a full-rounded, gives the subject of the great can be absolved from blame if, trusty guide-book for the young resurrection chapter in Corinby voice and vote, he fails to c o n v e r t. . thians as "the immortality of register protest in the name of the spirit." This it is not. ~e humanity against such cruel JAMES CANTINE. immortality of the soul IS and wanton sacrifice of human taught by Plato but the resurlife. The book is an unanswer- The Steep Ascent. China Inland Mis- rection of the body is the teachable argument against the waste sion Report for 1931. ing of the Apostle Paul and the of war and is a plea for the hope of the Christian believer. promotion of international good- Here is a remarkable record will which will insist upon of a great work. The China S. M. z. peaceful means for the settle- Inland Mission, during the past ment of differences between sixty-six yea r s, has been Seventy Other Best Bible Stories by nations. through many trials and diffi- George Goodman. Cloth, 27.8 pa~s culties but has gone on with including Index. 38. 4d. PICkermg MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD. banners flying and many evi- & Inglis. London. 1932. dences of the same power that The Causes of War. By Sir Arthur made fruitful the work of the Much that passes today by Salter and others. 235 pp. 786d. early apostles. This past year's the name of "religious educa- Macmillan. London. 1932. reports show many difficulties tion" is singularly barren of encountered, physical and spir- This is a valuable contribu- 1tual; a real period of testing "s true Biblical material. As in tion to the literature of inter- and danger but the "Lord worknational peace and goodwill. It ing with them, with signs fol- his eve n t y Best Bible is a symposium by such eminent lowing." Missionaries report Stories," so in this volume Mr. thinkers as Sir Arthur Salter, on Civil War, the Moslem out- Goodman selects narrative por- Sir J. Arthur Thomas, S. G. break, Flood and Famine, Com- tions of Scripture, and then Johnston, Alfred Zimmern, C. munist menace and human and analyses and comments upon E. Andrews, Frederick J. Lib- devilish opposition, but there is them in an illuminating manner. by, Henry A. Atkinson, Wick- always a note of faith and vic- He begins with a text, then ham Steel, A. Yusuf Ali, Jacob tory. In spite of every diffi- gives the story in a few.salient Kiner, Andre Siegfried, Moritz culty, the work was main- strokes, in each case wIth the Bonn and W. J. Hinton. Such tained. Nearly 5,000 Chinese Bible reference. Finally he names are impressive evidence were baptized, new stations points out its typical teaching, that no one who desires the were opened, Christians were its New Testament usage, and, abolition of war can afford to revived, the church strength- in some cases, related outlines. miss this volume. ·It was writ- ened and reinforcements sent ten under the auspices of a out. The total amount re:' Mr. Goodman is in thorough Commission of the proposed ceived for the work was £217,- command of his material; his World Conference for Interna- 354 or over $1,000,000 gold at comments are penetrating, his the normal rate of exchange. outlines usable, and his pre- sentation simple and direct. The range of the stories is

wide. Moreover, he has a gift Twenty Years of the Chinese Republic. Portrait of a Chinese Lady. Hosie. for the effective phrase, as is H. A. Van Dorn. Knopf. 1932. Morrow. 1930.

evident from some of his titles. Life of Sun Yat-sen. H. B. Restarick. Within Four Seas. Paul Richard Ab- The point of view is soundly Yale University Press. 1932. bott. Steckert. 1931.

evangelical and the author sets China Through Chinese Eyes. T. Z. Yellow Rivers. Earl Herbert Cressy. forth the Messianic implica- Koo and Others. London. 1926. Harpers. 1932.

tions. Living Issues in China. Henry T. Children Missionaries who seek aid in Hodgkin. Friendship Press. New Lin Foo and Lin Ching. Phyllis Ayer the presentation of Scripture to York. 1932. Sowers. Crowell. 1932.

their classes and congregations China's Challenge to' Christianity. The Honorable Crimson Tree. Anita will find here much of value Lucius C. Porter. Friendship Press. B. Ferris. Friendship Press. 1932. for this purpose, as will Sun- 1924. day-School teachers and pastors. Ah Fu: A Chinese River Boy. Mildred China-A Nation in Revolution. Paul E. Nevill and Mabel Garett Wagner. F. E. GAEBELEIN. Monroe. Macmillan. 1928. Friendship Press. 1932.

World Clock. By Thomas T. Smith. The Challenge of the East. Sherwood Barak-Diary O'f a Donkey. F. H. 25 cents each. $15 per hundred. Eddy. Farrar & Rhinehart. 1931. Easton. China Inland Mission. 3746 So. Washington St., Marion, Philadel phia. Indiana, 1931. Chinese Revolution from the Inside. R. Y. Lo. Abingdon Press. 1931. New Books The colored map dial on a The Chinese at Home. Ball. New York. Asiatic Mythology-The Gods and Becardboard chart may be turned 1912. liefs of the Nations of the Orient. 15 Colored plates and 354 other ilto indicate the time in various Religion of the Chinese. J. J. M. De lustrations. By J. Hackin and Othparts of the world, to correspond Groot. Macmillan. 1910. ers. 460 pp. $10. Crowell. New York. 1932. with the time at other points. Chinese Literature. Giles. New York. This enables the user to know 1901. A Buddhist Bible. Dwight Goddard. 316 pp. Published by the author. what missionaries may be doing Mission Work Thetford, Vt. and to time their prayer for those in other fields. For exam- The Jesus I KnO'w. Edited by T. Z. The Christian' Faith. Joseph Stump. ple-What time is it in Chicago Koo. Y. M. C. A. Shanghai. 1931. 455 pp. $4. Macmillan. when missionaries in Hankow, China, are holding their morn- China Her Own Interpreter. By Chi- GO'spel Dawn in Africa. H. Beidering or evening services? The nese Christians. M. E. M. 1927. becke. 194 pp. $1.25. Lutheran world clock is a useful prayer Book Concern. Columbus. calendar to hang on the wall. It As It Looks to Young China. William is similar to the world-wide Hung. Friendship Press. 1932. Grace and Power. W. H. Griffith prayer time chart published by Thomas. 192 pp. 2s. 6d. Picker- THE REVIEW in January, 1927. Chinese Twice Born. Charles E. Scott. ing & Inglis. London. The map clock is fairly accurate Revell. 1929. How and When. Edited by W. Hoste History of Christian Missions in and R. M'Elheran. 190 pp. Is. China. Kenneth S. Latourette. Mac- Pickering & Inglis. London. millan. 1929. A Jolly Journal. Isabell Crawford. but omits most of the southern Biographies 158 pp. $1.50. Revell. New York.

hemisphere and contains the Hudson Taylor. Mrs. Howard Taylor. Looking Beyond. Wm. Evans. 60 pp. names of only twenty-two places. China Inland Mission. Philadelphia. 40 cents. B.LC.A. Chicago.

Good Books on China Guinness of Honan. Mrs. Howard The New Crisis in the Far East. Stan- Taylor. China Inland Mission. Phila- ley High. 128 pp. $1. Revell. New York. delphia. Obtaining Promises. Annual Report In addition to Prof. Williams' PastO'r Hsi. Mrs. Howard Taylor. -China Inland Mission. 61 pp. new edition of "China-Yester- China Inland Mission. Philadelphia. London. day and Today" (reviewed elsewhere) the following books are Young J. Allen. Warren A. Candler. Pioneers of the Kingdom. Part L recommended for the use of mis- Cokesbury Press. 1931. Phyllis L. Garlick. 122 pp. 2s. sion study classes and for gen- Highway Press. London. eral reading. Popular Books Pepi and the Golden Hawk. Vera C. The Blue Tiger. Caldwell. Abingdon Himes. 64 pp. $1.50. Crowell. Press. 1925. New York.

Advanced Reading Foreign Magic. Jean Cochran. Revell. Seeking the Saviour. W. P. Mackay. 1919. 123 pp. Is. Pickering & Inglis. Short History of Chinese Civilization. London. R. Wilhelm. Viking Press. 1929. Book on ,Chinese Youth. Hung. Friend- ship Press. 1932. What lOwe to Christ. C. F. Andrews. The Spirit of the Chinese Revolution. 281 pp. $1.50. Abingdon Press. A. N. Holcombe. Knopf. 1930. China's Real Revolution. Hutchinson. New York.. Friendship Press. 1932. Problems of the Pacific. Institute of Lin Foo and Lin Ching. Illus. Phyllis Pacific Relations. University of Chi- The YO'ung Revolutionist. Pearl S. Ayres Sowers. 128 pp. $1.50. cago Press. 1931. Buck. Friendship Press. 1932. Crowell.

China Year Book. Edited by G. W. Torchbearers in China. Basil Matthews Woodhead. University of Chicago and Arthur E. Southon. Friendship Press. 1932. Press. 1932.

China Christian Year Book. Frank A Tamarisk Garden. Herbert Hudson Taylor. China Inland Mission. 1930. Rawlinson. Shanghai. 1931.

Notes The Rev. Dr. Arthur

Smith, 't6r: .. fifty-four years Ii Mis- Presbyterian Missions sionary of the American Board in (Concluded j'1'om Ind Cover) China, .died in Claremont, California, Are presented in novel and'verY usable form, for Missionary Meet- on August 31st at the age of 87. ings, as illustrations for sermons Dr. Smith was bora in Vernon, and talks, or for personal inspir- of Dr. Elias Riggs 01' Constantinople, Conn., in 1845, and went, to China in ation, in she and her husband served for 46 1872, returning in 1926. He was pres- years as, missionaries of the American ent at the siege of Peking during the The Presbyterian Board in Sivas, Marsovan and Boxer Uprising in 1900 and came to Smyrna. ,Two years after Dr. Riggs' the United States to plead the ChineBe BANNER death (in 1913) Mrs. Riggs returned . cause before President Roosevelt. to America. She gave six children to He was the author of "Chinese A Church weekly modern in the missionary service, Mary Riggs, Characteristics," "Village Life in appearance, evangelical in creed, formerly in Turkey; Dr. Charles T. China," and "China in Convulsion," a progressive in contents, practical Riggs of Constantinople, Henry Riggs, chronicle of the anti-foreign outbreak. in help to ministers, ministers' the late Theodore Riggs of Turkey, Early in 1906 he conceived the idea wives cmd other active Church Dr. Ernest W. Riggs, now the Secre- that the United States should remit workers, and prepared with tary of the American Board and Susan to China part of the $25,000,000 inspecial regard for the layman and (Mrs. Getchell) of Thessaloniea. This demnity, the money to be used to the Jaywomcm. is one of the great missionary fami- send Chinese students to American lies of the Christian Church. universities. John Hay, then Seere- A Christian Companion ••• tary of State, joined his a~p1'oval and For the home, the study, mission- the President, in his Congressional ary meeting, young people's Message of Dee. 3, 1907, advocated meeting, Sunday school, and hour Dr. Jolm Gaskin Dunlop, a Presby- Dr. Smith's proposed use of the inof family and personal devotion, terian missionary in Japan, died demnity surplus above the $13,000,000 its many pdges of "News of the August 15 in Kanazawa. He had been in claims for damages. It has been Churches Everywhere," and its ill Bome time. Dr. Dunlop had gone said that the return of this money has pages of vital editorials, are to Ja:pan in 1886 as a teacher in a done more. than any other act of the prepared by numerous selected government school, and from 1890 to Correspondents and 1897 he was a missionary :under the .. . American Government to increase Canada Methodist mission. He was Editorial Staff . appointed by the Presbyterian Board Chinese friendship for the United in 1898 and was stationed' at Kan- States• lncluding William H. Boddy, azawa, Tokyo, Fukoi and Tsu. Dur- William E. Brooks, Paul Patton … Faris, Ralph Cooper Hutchison, ing the World War he spent two years Miss Lulu Patton, a Presbyterian Hugh Thomson Kerr, John A. with the Chinese labor corps in Missionary in South China since 1908, France. Born at Kingston, Ont., in died in Shanghai on August 3. She Mackay, Donald Mackenzie, 1867, Dr. Dunlop, was graduated from was in recent years principal of the Joseph R. Sizoo and James H. Queens Univermty and attended Yale, norma.l school of the American North- Snowden. Chica«o and Queens Universities. ern Presbyterian MissiOnary Society In addition to his widow Emma Eliza at Canton and was the sister of Dr. SUBSCRIPTION RATES Charles E. Patton, secretary of the $2.50 a yearl to ministers, $2. In Presbyterian MissionCounei1 in combination with The Missionary Re. China. view of the World ($2.50 ,'IIone), only S4 for both-a saving of one … dollar. Sample copy ofTHE BANNER …. . . Ely Dunlop, Dr. Dunlop leaves three free on request. BOns and two daughters. Send your order to Mrs. Joseph Bardy Neeshima, The ReT. Justin Edwards Abbott, The Presbyterian Banner widow of the famous founder ot retired Congregational missionary who spent thirty years in India died in 2007 Commonwellth Building DOBhisha University died in Kyoto on Summit, New Jersey, on June 19th, . Pitbburgh, PI. . June 14th, at the age of eighty-eight. after a l<mg illness. . Or to The Mrs. Neeshima was herself a cele- Dr. Abbott was 79 years of age. He brated character both before and after was a graduate of Dartmouth College Miuionary Review of the World her marriage. Her baptism was the and the Union Theological Seminary. first instance of Protestant baptism in In 1881 he went to the Marathi Mis- 156 Fifth Avenue the city of Kyoto. Sh~ was a fellow- sion in India, where his father, the worker with her husband in personal late Amos Abbott, had long been a New York, N.Y•.. work among students. She has stood missionary. His work was largely as a pillar of faith and a connecting evangelistic and literary. Since 1911 link with the earliest Protestant work Dr. Abbott had lived in Summit, trans- in Japan. lating the poet saints of India. As ………

The Rev. William Young Fullerton, a director of the American Mission D.D., a leader in the English Baptist to Lepers he visited South America Church for more than half a century, in 1924 and several times visited died in London on August 17th at the Europe in the interest of lepers. He age of 75. Dr. Fullerton was born in . was instrumental in establishing a Belfast, Ireland, and came into promi- Christian Leper Colony at Valbonne, nence through his early association France. . with the Rev. Charles H. Spurgeon, … … whose biographer he was. The Rev. William H. Teeter, Ph. D., Dr. Fullerton was president of the missiona.ry in the Philippines (1904- Baptist Union of Great Britain and 12) and Chile (1912-17) died in Balti- Ireland in 1917-18 and from 1912 to more, Md., June 16, aged sixty-one. 1927 was Home Secretary of the After returning to the United State. ,Baptist' Missionary Society.· . he was connected with the Centenary Commission of the Methodist Episco- He was the author of a number of pal Church and later with the Exten- theological and devotional publica- sion Department of Columbia·Univer- tions and he gave to his autobiography sity. th.e title "At the Sixtieth Milestone."

THE MO.SLEM

SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor SOME ARTICLES IN THE OCTOBER NUMBER The Essence of Christian Missions•••••••••••••.••••..••..••••••••••• Duncan B. M.cdon.ld The W.iling Wall .nd AI Bur.q ••••••••.•.•••••.••••••••••.••.•••••. Ch.rles D. M.tthews The Isl.mic Conference at Jerusalem .•••.•••••.••••••••••••••••••.•.•••••• Alfred Nielsen The Word "Spirit" in the Koren •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• W. G. Shell.bear Women and Modern Movements in India •••••••••••••.•••.•••••••••••• Eliz.beth C. Hume Indi.n Moslems .nd the Constitution .•..•••••••••••••••.•••.•••••••••.•••. Murr.y T. Titu. A Journey in H.dr.m.ut •••.•••.••..•••.•••••••.••••••••••••••••.•• 0. V.n der Meulen Islam in Madaglscar •••••••••••••••••••• .' ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• John Welker Burmese Moslems ……………………………………………….. A. C. Hanna Current Topics ••• Book Reviews ••• Survey of Periodic.ls SUBSCRIBE TODAY c c Address THE MOSLEM WORLD 156 Fifth Ay…. New yotlc Cllv ,.,.OIter Single Copies, SOc., AnnulIl Subscription, $2.00'.in Combination with the REV lEW, $3.50 MARSHALL, MORGAN a SCOTT, fI Bellell•••, LOIIelon PrIce In G,..I Britain, El,hl ShUll…, hi LOOK FOR THESE COMING FEATURES In the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD Remarkable Story of a Converted Brahmin …………………. Glenn B. Ogden A Pastor's Missionary Experience ………………….. .Francis S/I,v-nk Downs A Typical Mission Station in China ……………………….. .Lois Anna Ely Oases in the Good Earth …………………………………. Carleton Lacy Obstacles to Progress in China•..•… , ………………….. Wm. H. GleY8teen China's Call for Christian Doctors ………………•………. .Elliot 1. 08good New Opportunities in Persia…•……………..•…………. .R. E.Hoffman Religion-by Evolution or by Revelation. '" …………….. .Samuel M. Zwemer 1.lissions to the Indians-Yesterday and Today ……………… TkQ8. C. Moffett SEND· A SUBSCRIPTION AS A CHRISTMAS GIFT • 25 Cents • Copy • $2.50 • Year • THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

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The Missionary Review of the World — July 1928

GROWTH OF THE AMERICAN HOME MISSION

~~:~~~~==~~~ REV. CHARLES L. WHITE, D.D., Secre- Missionaries-Save Money on tary of the American Baptist Home Mis- Christmas Gifts sion Society, has been elected President of the Home Missions Council for the MISSIONARIES: Now is the time to select your Christmas gifts from our fourth time. catalogue at money-saving priees for ship- ment abroad. Safe delivery to any part *** of the world.

MRS. EDGAR TILTON, JR., for twenty· CHURCHES: We will forward orders nine years a member of the Women's for Christmas donations and supplies to Board of Domestic Missions of the Re- foreign missions, and save you money and formed Church in America, has been worry. elected President of that Board, to suc- FOREIGN FIELD SECRETARIES: . .. .. ceed Mrs. E. H. Maynard. Anticipate the Holiday needs of your Mis- sionary Associates. Communicate now REV. E. STANLEY JONES, D.D., author with our Wholesale Department. of "The Christ of the Indian Road" and "Clirist at the Round Table," was elected Special discounts on purehases for your bishop of the Methodist Episcopal stations. Church at the recent General Conference, hut declined the honor. Dr. Jones planned A FREE copy of the famous Montgomery to sail June 9th for a three months' Ward catalogue upon request. trip to South America, under the auspices of the Committee on Cooperation MONTGOMERY WARD &CO. in Latin America. Missionary Bur~au Chicago, U. S. A. .. * ….. '1. …..'""=-=<>—<' t'2:::::::::::!l=:: SIR WILFRED GRENFELL, M.D., the wellknown missionary doctor of Labrador, Visit the Fatherless delivered the annual' Founder's Day ad- and Widows at dress recently at Tuskegee Institute, Alabama. MUKTI, INDIA *** And you will find: REV. ERIC M. NORTH, PH.D., formerly Day Schools Associate Secretary of the American Industrial Schools Bible Society, has been appointed a Gen- Blind School eral Secretary, concerned chiefly with Bible School. Rescue Home distribution. .. .. * Widows' .Home Nursery Jor Foundlings REV. GEORGE WILLIAM BROWN, for- Hospital merly of Ben Avon, Pa., has been ap- All fon,;..1~il by India's greatest Christian pointed a General Secretary of the American Bible Society, to succeed the Woman, Pandita Ramabai. and dependent on late Dr. Arthur C. Ryan. God through the freewill offerings of Hi.

.. .. * people. WILL YOU HELP?

REV. JOHN S. CHANDLER, D.D., for fifty-four years a member of the Madura Mission of the American Board, has retired from active service, though he will continue the revision of the Tamil Old Testament for two more years in India. Dr. Chandler, his parents, his two daughters in India, and his son in China, have so far given 146 years of service to the people of the Orient.

** DR. PAUL HARRISON, author of "The Arab at Home," has–gone to Matrah, a new station of the Al'*bian _Mission of the Reformed Churclkin America,where he and his family will be the only Chris- . .. .. tians in a community of 10,000 Moslems.

LORRI~ A. .SHEPARD, M.D., of the Send all contributions and obtain further in· formation through American Auxiliary ..,f the American Board Mission in Constan- RAMABAI MUKTI MISSION tinople, and sori of "Shepard of Aintab," 260 Wesl44th St., New York, N. Y. was invited to attend the recent national Turkish- Congress of Physicians at An- gora, and was the only foreigner among the four hundred Turkish medical men present. — Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor JULY TABLE OF CONTENTS Our Home Mission Study Number P"Ile £)17 FRONTISPIECE-rrHE GROWTH OF THE AMERICAN HOME MISSION FIELD…………..

IS CHRIS'l'IANITY MAKING HEADWAY IN AMERICA? ….. . .. JOH.'ol A. MARQUIS 517 SOME OUTSTANDING RESUL'l'S OF HOME MISSIONS … 524 THE PRESEN'l'-DAY CHALLENGE OI? HOME MISSIONS. 525 THE FRONTIER MOVEMENT IN AMERICA ………………… _CHARLES H. SEARS 526 THE FORCES ATTACKING THE CHURCH • • . . • • . . . . . • . . . • • • • . CHARI.ES E. SCHAEFER 533 MISSIONARY HISTORY IN THE MAKING 537 THE RISING TIDE OF COOPERATION IN HOME MISSIONS …… WILl.IAM R. KING 538 MOVING PICTURES OF HOME MISSIONS …………………….. JoHN T. FARIS 545 THE IMMIGRANT-AN ASSET OR LIABILITY? ……….. MRS. CI.ARA M. GOODCHILD 550 THE MENACE OF OUR JAILS … _…. _………………….. CIIARLES N. LATHROP 554 UNSOLVED HOME MISSION PROBLEMS …………… _…….. CHARLES L. WHITE 559 THE ORIEN'£ALS IN AMERICA .. _.. _…………………. GEORGE WARREN HINMAN 563 A KIOWA INDIAN'S TESTIMONy . . . • . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F. L. KING 570 THE UNFINISHED HOME MISSION TASK • • • • . • . • . . . . . . • • . . • • . • WARRE" H. WILSON 571 BEST METHODS FOR CHILDREN'S RALLIES ..•.•••.•••…••. MRS. JOHN II. MILLS 577 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN …••..•.•… EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINI.AN 581 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN . . . . . . . . • . • . EDITED BY EI.LA D. MACLAURIN 583 TOPICS OF THE TIMES ………………. _. . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585 WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK….••…..•…… _……………… _……………… 587 TwENTY-FIVE BEST BOOKS ON HOME MISSIONS ….•……………… _……. 603 TERMS: $2.60 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 1i0 cents. Single copies, 26 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1928, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

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ROBERT E. SPEIIB, Preddent Wlf. I. CXAMBBBLAIN, Vlce-Pre.idenl DELAVAN L. PlmBSON, SecretQ.fll WALTBR McDOUGALL, TreaBfH'Br Publication Omce, Sd /I: Reily St•., Harrisburg, Pa. 2ijc a copy. $2.50 a year. Editorial and BUN"lenwes.SYOOrmk~ltl!6 Flftb Avenue, '-' • Entered as seCond-C1asB matter at tbe Post Omce, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March S, 1879. OBITUARY, CANON W. H. T. GAIRDNER, missionary The ~~Christian Life" of the Church Missionary Society in Series Cairo since 1899, Arabic scholar, and author of "The Rebuke of Islam," "The SUNDAY SCHOOL Phonetics of Arabic," and other volumes, LESSON HELPS died in Cairo on May 22d, in the fiftyfifth year of his age. Orthodox! Practical! Unsectariall!

* ** REV. GEORGE A. FORD, D.D., honorably retired American Presbyterian missionary in Syria, died in Sidon on May 18th in the seventy-seventh year of his age.

*** Quarterlies for Teachers and Scholars. Illustrated Papers for the School. MRS. WILLIAM T. HOBART, of the Adapted' to meet the need of every de- American Methodist Episcopal Mission partment of the school.

at Taian-fu, Shantung Province, was These periodicals contain an amazing amount of Scriptural reading matter. killed on April 29th by a bullet which came through her window during fight- ing between Nationalist and Northern soldiers. * * ..

MRS. LOUISE B. GILDER, who went to Examine them for yourself.

India in 1872 under the Women's For- A Sample Pa~k of the Full Line FREE on Request. eign Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church, died on April 8th in UNION GOSPEL PRESS Bangalore, where her husband died four years ago. . * * ..

REV. ELMER E. FIFE, D.D., Presby- Box 680 CLEVELAND, OHIO terian educational missionary in India for more than twenty-five years, died in DR. WILLIAM I. HAVEN, for 29 years Dehra Dun on May 16th. secretary of the American Bible Society, died at his home in Summit, N. J., on *** June 5th. Dr. Haven was 72 years of age, having been born 'in Westfield, REV. JAMES HAYES, D.D., a Nez Perce Mass., in 1856, a son of Bishop Gilbert Indian, and for thirty-five years a Haven. He was loved and highly espreacher of the Presbyterian Board of teemed in a wide circle and served effec- National Missions, of which he had been tively in many religious organizations. elected an honorary member, died on He was one of the founders of the Ep- April 26th at Kamiah, Idaho. worth League and was for some years a helpful member of the Editorial Council ** of the REVIEW.

MRS. WILLIAM J. DRUMMOND, who was .. .. * appointed in 1889 as a missionary to China by the Board of Foreign Missions MISS EMILY C. TILLOTSON, the secreof the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. tary in charge of educational work of A., died in Los Angeles on April 25th. the Woman's Auxiliary of the Protestant She had been in the United States since Episcopal Church for 14 years, died at 1925 because of ill health. St. Luke's Hospital, New York, on May 12th. Her marked ability was manifest * * .. in all her service and the results of her pioneer work in adult education will BISHOP LUTHER B. WILSON, of the abide. Methodist Episcopal Church, died in Baltimore on June 4th, after a protracted *** illness. His last public service was an address delivered at the Quadrennial PERSONAL Convention in Kansas City on May 18th. He was born in Baltimore in November REV. OTTO BRASKAMP, a missionary of 14, 1856, was graduated from Dickinson the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., at College and studied medicine at the Uni- Ichowfu, Shantung, China, has recently versity of Maryland. Later he entered returned to America after some exciting the Baltimore Conference. After hold- experiences at his station. He is a deleing several pastorates and acting as pre- gate to the World's Sunday-School Considing elder in his district, he was vention at Los Angeles and will spend elected Bishop in 1904, and since 1902 he his time in America in study and deputahas been resident Bishop of the New tion work. His address is Alton, Iowa. York area. In a very wide circle he was greatly honored and loved for his Christian character and unselfish service.

Please mention THE MISSIONAaY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. 'rhere have also been Added Alaska and the 'Vest Indl CS. Some B oarus include ~lexlco and Central America.

LI, No.7 July

IS CHRISTIANITY MAKING HEADWAY IN AMERICA?

BY REV. JOHN A. MARQUIS, D.D., New York Executive Secretary, Board 01 Na.tiona! Missions 01 the Presbyterian Ohurel., U. S. A.

I N SOME quarters this is a much sumed to exist, but to find out what debated 'question, at least a are the facts. In analyzing any much discussed question. In human situation, especially in the what direction religiously is this domain of religion, it will not do to country headed-toward Christ or accept, at their face value, assertoward paganism? Everyone ad- tions of either hostile critics or pesmits that considerable headway to- simistic friends. ward Christianity was acquired during the nineteenth century. At What are the facts in the Chrisleast the organized Church gath- tian situation in America today? ered a momentum unequalled in That this country is yet a long way any other century of Christian his- from the "millennium," no one will tory unless it be the first. But dispute. But is she any further since the beginning of the twen- from it now than she was at the tieth century, and especially since beginning of the twentieth century the World War, it is argued that or at the middle of the nineteenth this momentum has been lost, the century? whole Christian movement is slowing down, and some think that ere Our Lord, when He was on earth, long it will come to a stop. rebuked the Pharisees because they were not able to discern the signs The rejoinder might be made of the times. Their days were full that one decade, or even half a of portents, but those old Phardozen decades, is not a test of the isees, scholars and religionists as progress of a movement as old and they were, could not, or would not, as vitally intrenched as Christian- see them; and they would perish, ity, and that a temporary slowing and perish culpably because of it. down, if there' is such a slowing Our Lord severely arraigned that down, after the remarkable growth generation because of its closed of the nineteenth century, is only mind; He warned the nation of its a natural breathing spell. peril because of its sinfulness. Bigotry, prejudice, self-interest, But our purpose is not to ac- and pride of position blinded their count for a situation that is as- minds so that they could not see 617

the stately steppings of God all why some people think that it is around them. They could recog- doomed and must be abandoned: nize "the signs of the times" in the days of Moses and believed that "First, there are those who say that those signs were of God, but they science has revealed to us a body of facts refused to see that God was work- with which religion does not agree, and ing signs in their own day even consequently that religion is portraying more than He did in any day that an unreality which cannot long recomwas past. For this they were re- mend it. Second, others say religictn is buked ; Christ could not see any failing in its main task, which they conhope for the closed mind. As sider to be the business of furnishing a Christians we have a right to as- moral solution to our modern problems. sume that God will not leave us A third class of persons claim that it has without signs, given as clearly as no value, either moral or otherwise, for in the generations of the fathers. modern life."

What are the signs of the times He then proceeds to combat these today and which way are they positions as contrary to fact. Our pointing? They have not always question, however, is not whether pointed in the same direction in Christianity ought to be retained the past. 'For long periods the in- or abandoned, but how the battle dex finger for religion was dis- seems to be going at the present tinctly retrogressive. The signs of time. the times were unfavorable and the critics and pessimists had ground Any estimate of the headway of for glee or gloom according to the Christianity among a people must attitude or desire of each. Peoples, take into consideration the status whole nations of them, have be- of the Church. We cannot sepcome godless or pagan, even at the arate the life of a religion from its very time when they were most organization. Life, of course, must loudly proclaiming their piety. come first, but life always organ- They have been especially prone to izes itself into a body of some kind. do this in eras of great prosperity When the body dies, the life passes such as America has been passing on. We can speculate about Christhrough for the past twenty years. tianity apart from the Church and the speculation may be entirely The Trend in America Toda~ logical. But as things now are the world knows little about the Chris- Is there an irreligious trend in tian religion apart from the Chris- tian Church. The two for the time America today, a pendulum swing being are indissolubly connected against Christianity, or vice versa? and the fate of one will be the fate Is America going Christian or go- of the other. The contention of ing pagan, so far as present tend- antagonists and pessimists is that the Church is losing out, and thereencies indicate? Are the anti-re- fore that the religion which it proligionists right in maintaining that motes is losing out also. Christianity has served its day? Last winter the claim was broad- In a recent number of the New cast over the country and the York Times, President Cutten of world that the Protestant churches Colgate University discusses the in America had suffered a loss of question, "Shall We Abandon Re- 500,000 members during the preli8'ion?" He 8'ives three reasons ceding year and data were quoted to prove it. It turned out that the claim w~s bas~d on an error in th~

IS CHRISTIANITY MAKING HEADWAY IN AMERICA?

statistical reports, an error which and abroad. Today, in his abuna careful statistician would have dance, and such abundance as his caught at once. fathers never dreamed and the world never saw, year by year he The Protestant churches suf- is giving less and less in proporfered no loss at all in their mem- tion to his ability. The Protestant bership. It is true that their rate missionary boards of the country of increase in membership has generally are doing less work toslowed up. Until a decade or two day than they did ten years ago. ago the Protestant churches in the In a missionary cause a failure to United states increased at a much advance is a retreat. It is argued, more rapid rate than the popula- again, that the same thing is true tion, in some decades from two to of philanthropies in which the four times as rapidly. Today it is Church has always been interested not quite an even pace. The pop- and which she has always liberally ulation of the country is increasing supported. One of the most gen- erous churchmen in New York at the rate of about 1.7% a year, City recently remarked to the while the membership of the writer that he gives annually to Christian Church, including the three hundred philanthropies, and Roman Catholics, is increasing at this year most of them are behind the rate of 1~2% a year. In this in their receipts. All this is in face percentage increase the Roman of the fact that resort has been Catholics lead the Protestants, their made to all sorts of high-pressure promotional movements which, derate of increase being 1.5 %. This spite their tremendous energy and drive, have failed to produce the means, it is contended, that the results. It is asserted that Chris- Church's power to win converts in tian people, "so-called," have belarge numbers has spent itself and come indifferent and have let the life die out of their religion. A that in a decade or two more she corpse may be made to quiver by will be out of the running. the application of an electric cur- rent, but it is not thereby restored It is further pointed out that in- to life. This, our critics contend, – side the American Church there is about what is going on in the are on every side manifest evi- Church today. dences of decay, such as the prevalence of theological contro- Theological Disputes versies, for one thing, whose bitterness is in direct ratio to the petti- Another indictment of the Church is its inability to convince ness of their causes. Christians our generation, especially its youth, today are doing what the Pharisees of the truth of the Christian thedid in the days of our Lord, ological positions. The claim is wrangling over anise and cummin that one of the troubles with the while they neglect the weightier Christian ministers is that they do not believe their creeds and have matters of justice and righteous- ceased to preach them; therefore, ness and love to God and man. they cannot expect to convince the people to whom they preach. The decline in missionary and in philanthropic giving by the churches is pointed out as another item in the same count. There was a day when the American Christian sacrificed heroically and magnificently that the Gospel might be preached to every creature at home

Christians are ceasing to care for sister nations in our production of their Christianity or for the world criminals.

which it is supposed to save, and But the one bright spot in all when Christians cease to believe or this black record is in the field of care, who can expect the world out- religion. Christianity is the only side to do so? Today, it is said effective deterrant above the hori- that the Church is concerned chiefly zon. In New York City, of all the with its own maintenance. The multitude arrested for crime of large bulk of the money it raises is any sort in the last twenty-five spent to maintain elaborate and years, less than 5% have ever been costly services and to erect ex- in Sunday-school or had any reli- pensive and luxurious buildings to gious instruction whatever; of the gratify the esthetic taste of the Negro arrests for crime less than people and to minister to their 1 % have been connected with any pride. Last year the Presbyterian church. This means that 95 % of churches alone expended between the white criminals and 99 % of fifteen and twenty millions of dol- the Negro criminals are recruited lars in such palatial edifices. Any from outside of the Church. It increase in giving that is apparent would seem that the Church is the at all has been devoted to congre- only crimeless institution in the gational purposes, that is, it is country. Whatever we may allege spent on the donors themselves against the Church here is one and is equivalent to buying more spot where she has made headway finery or costlier automobiles. when no other agency has, and is The prevalence of crime in maintaining it.

America, together with the general Added to this is the claim that decadence in morals, is pointed to the Christian religion, with its or- as an evidence of an inactive and ganized Church, has lost its hold waning Christianity. Religion has on the intellectual element of the ceased, it is argued, to exercise re- country. University professors, straint over the passions and greed scientists and authors, who a gen- of the American people as it once eration ago were found in the did. Most of the moral precepts churches, are said to have now for which the Church has stood, abandoned them and to be repu- and for which it still claims to diating their teaching.

stand, are treated with contempt Finally, on this side of the count, and defied, as witness the increase it is claimed that Christianity is a of divorce, lax sexual relations, etc. disappearing factor in American The crime situation is bad, and life because the American people there is no use to deny it or at- very largely have ceased to attend tempt to palliate it. So far as church on Sunday and instead go to .

crimes of violence are concerned, the movies, play golf, go motoring we are the most criminal nation on and go off to baseball games, pic- earth. No other country in the nics and seaside resorts. It is esti- world can compare with us in the mated that twenty millions of the number of murders, assaults, hold- people in the United States attend ups, burglaries, etc. Whilst the a movie show every day. It would situation has been worse since the be drawing a long bow, indeed, to War, we have had for a long time say that an equal number attend a sinister pro~inence among our church in a wee~~

IS CHRISTIANITY MAKING HEADWAY IN AMERICA?

These are the principal points to have invariably been followed by support the charge that whatever revivals and the Church has gone may be the trend in things reli- forward with a bound. The re- gious in the rest of the world, in vivals are as historic as the slumps America that trend is non-Chris- and last much longer. Witness the tian, if not anti-Christian. great revival that culminated in The Other Side 1802, in many respects the greatest that this country has thus far Now, let us look at the other side. known; witness also the quicken- If our critics were simply telling ing that came about the year 1820 falsehoods when they make their after the depression of the War of allegations it would be a simple 1812. The revivals led by Charles matter to answer, but unfor- G. Finney a decade after the Mex- tunately there is more than a ican War are another instance, as modicum of truth in what they al- are also revivals led by D. L.

lege. However, the most dangerous Moody in the 70's and 80's which kind of a lie is the one that is half ended the depression of the Civil truth. It is true that there is now, War. The present depression will, and has been since the World War, we believe, end in the same way.

something of a slump in the rate The anxiety of the Church over the of our growth in church member- present situation is a precursor of ship. It is also true that our gifts such an ending. One thing the to the unselfish causes of religion skeptic without and the pessimist are disappointingly inadequate. In within cannot understand is the some aspects of our religious life Church's capacity for revival. If and activity we appear to be in one there is an institution in the world of those periods of depression that that will not stay stagnant it is the have come to the Church now and Church of Christ.

then throughout her history. The While admitting the unfavorable question is, how much significance symptoms, we do not by any means should be attached to it, and how take the gloomy statements of our much prophecy for the future can critics about the present situation be based on it? at their face value. It is not nearly American Christianity has be- as bad as they paint it. Church at- fore passed through lower depres- tendance is not as low as they say.

sions than we have touched thus It is encouraging that as many peo- far in our generation, notably in ple go to church as do in face of the days that followed the Revolu- the alluring and multitudinous ap- tionary War. As a matter of fact peals to go elsewhere that confront religion has always slipped back in the average man every Sabbath America after a war, despite the morning. Only the fact that he is fact that we always invoke the help "incurably religious," as Sabatier of God with pious unction and tre- states, can account for his going to mendous fervor while the war is church where he is faced with the going on. This is one of our chief stern realities of the soul when sources of military "pep"; but as there are so many easier and more soon as the war is over we proceed seductive ways of spending his day to backslide with equal emphasis of rest.

and zeal. Furthermore, there is far less On the other hand! these slumps repudiation, of the functaroentaJs of

the Christian faith than our proph- and to the disappointment of the ets of failure fancy. The Christian faith we have put in our religion faith of today is the legitimate to restrain the passions of men.

child of the faith of our fathers. This also has always followed a The data gathered by Dr. Charles war, and is probably no worse now Stelzle a year ago indicate that than it was in the first decade aft- 87% of the adult popUlation of the er our Civil War. The crimes which cities of the country believe the shock us today are old crimes. It fundamental teachings of Chris- is significant that in the course of tianity, and 77% of them are mem- recorded history the devil has nev- bers of the Church. From this it er invented a new crime or a new would seem that the Church has immorality. Criminals and sinners been more successful in convincing invent nothing new, although they the intellect of the country than it do work the old with vast zeal and has in winning adherents. In oth- vigor. Think of the vices that have er words, it has persuaded more been outlawed in this country in men to believe the basic doctrines the last two generations-slavery, of the Church than it has induced the curtailment of the age-old so- to come into the Church, live its cial vice; red-light districts in life and cooperate in its program. most of our cities are either cleaned What is needed is a shift of em- out or put under restrictions that phasis, less effort to convince peo- a generation or so ago would not ple of what they are already have been regarded possible.

convinced of and more to persuade Hoary institutions that were re- them to act on their beliefs. garded as impregnable have been Science and Religion wiped out. He who assails the courage of the Church as unequal Science has not affected the be- to the moral problems of his day lief of the American people in the is talking through his hat. What- basic truth of the Christian reli- ever we may think of the wisdom gion nearly to the extent that some or unwisdom of prohibition it is a loyal church people themselves sus- great tribute to the courage and pect and fear. It has played havoc fighting qualities of the Christian with some doctrinal extravagances population of America. A church and rules of conduct, for which that has nerve to tackle so power- every sane Christian ought to be fully entrenched and financially thankful. The marvel is that in profitable an institution as the these days when the discoveries of liquor traffic and the influence to science are all so new, still it has outlaw it, cannot be called a deca- not affected religious faith more dent church by any process of vitally. Any other cause, political, reasoning.

economic or social that could win The attack that is now being in such a time as ours the assent made by the same Christian forces of seven eighths of our adult city on humanity's greatest scourge, population would be regarded as war, is another instance of their an overwhelming success. The alertness and courage. The Church same thing is true of the alleged is making up its mind that it is slump in the morality of the peo- going to fight this evil as it has ple. Crimes of violence have un- fought other evils that for ages doubtedly increased, to our shame, were recognized as permanent. It

IS CHRISTIANITY MAKING HEADWAY IN AMERICA?

is going to do this, despite the ciety is toward the Christian propaganda of the militarists and the blacklists of patrioteers whose Church as never before. Statesmen zeal is only equaled by their ab- and even warriors are saying that surdity. whether or not we are to have an- other world war is up to the These are simply straws that in- churches. Diplomacy, finance, predicate that, however the religious paredness, and all the old prevenlife of America may vary its ex- tives have failed, and now we must pression, it is still here, and not look to the Christian leadership less virile than ever it has been. and the Christian conviction that A change of emphasis there has war, like every other force that been, and ought to be in a chang- preys on humanity, must be deing age, but when everything is taken into account I do not believe stroyed, and it will be. In the there has been the slightest diminu- providence of God America must tion of the Christian vitality of take a leading, if not the leading the American people because of part in the fulfillment of this exthe depression in certain aspects pectation. America cannot do this of their activity. unless she is infused and dominated by a regal Christianity. Without Lastly, there has never been a time in the history of the past two this she will disappoint every hope thousand years when the eyes of the world today is putting in her. the world generally have been so We do not believe she will do this longingly and trustfully looking to because we believe that despite all Christ as the Saviour of the future her ups and downs of idealisms as now. This has been especially and materialisms, her vacillations evident since the War. The ex- and hesitations, Jesus Christ is pectation for civilization and so- steadily and surely having His way. Rebuff is not defeat.

THE FIELD OF NATIONAL MISSIONS I N 1802, the total area of the United States was approximately 868,000 square miles but the area actually settled was only a fraction of that. The total population was 5,300,000. This population was almost exclusively rural. There were only six places having over 8,000 inhabitants and they contained all told only 4 per cent of the total population. According to the best estimates only 6.8 per cent of the population were members of all Protestant Churches.

In 1925, Home Missionary work has responsibility for an aggregate land area of 3,560,000 square miles, most of it settled, with a total population of 115,000,000. This population is more than half urban. Instead of six places of 8,000 inhabitants there are 924; instead of 4 per cent of the population they have 44 per cent. This population is composite of all the races in the world and work is conducted in 60 languages and dialects. More than one fourth of the total population of the United States are members of Protestant churches. The Home Mission program has expanded from simple itineration to include every form of service necessary to the development of Christian communities and a Christian Nation.

OUTSTANDING RESULTS OF HOME

T HE Christian religion was brought to America by the first explorers and colonists from Great Britain and Europe. In Education-practically all of the older colleges, including Princeton and Yale, and all of the denominational colleges were established by Christians, many as missionary enterprises.

In Evangelism-many of the strong churches in the middle west and far west were started as missionary enterprises, some in saloons or shacks, in schoolhouses or homes of pioneers.

John Eliot, the first Protestant missionary to the American Indians, began his work in 1649. Today, there are 35,000 Protestant Christian Indians and 80,000 adherents.

Millions of heathen Africans were imported to America as slaves between 1517 and the beginning of the Civil War in 1861. Since emancipation schools and colleges have been established for these freedmen. Today the Negro Protestant church members number 5,494,352. Many are Christian teachers and preachers.

Reclamation-over twenty millions of immigrants from Europe have come to America to escape poverty and oppression. Home Mission workers have welcomed them, taught them to understand and uphold American institutions and to know God as revealed in Jesus Christ.

Since the Mexican War, and the annexation of Texas (1841- 1848), six hundred thousand Spanish Americans have found homes in the United States. Today a great evangelistic and educational work is being done for them in the southwest.

Hundreds of thousands of Orientals from Japan, Korea, China, Malaysia and India have come to America. These have brought with them their heathen habits and religions. Many Christian churches have been established among them.

To the slums of the great cities, where poverty, vice and crime have flourished, the missionaries have carried the light and life of Jesus Christ. As a result multitudes of those who were "lost" to God and society have become useful members of society.

A missionary, Marcus Whitman, saved Oregon to the United States and missionaries like Sheldon Jackson and S. Hall Young have helped to make Alaska a place where life and property are safe and where the name of God is respected.

The influence of Christ as interpreted by the missionaries has permeated the mountains of the South and the farthest corners of the country to raise the standards of morality, of intelligence, of patriotism and of worship.

The Bible and tract societies and Sunday-school organizations have distributed millions of copies of Bibles, Testaments and Christian tracts. This seed has sprung up into abiding fruit in life, character and service.

Foreign Missions-the work of Home Missions is directly or indirectly responsible for the foreign mission work conducted by the churches in America. Last year over 15,000 Protestant mis.- sionaries from America were scattered all over the non-Christian world and over $40,000,000 was expended annually in the work of winning those of other lands to Jesus Christ.

Surely Home Missions are worthy of whole-hearted support by prayer, money and life-service.

PRESENT-DAY CHALLENGE OF HOME

O NE HALF of the people of America today are not linked to Christ through His Church. Many of these are children under no religious instruction. These constitute a challenge to evangelism.

Many residential areas are without the ministry of Christian pastors or churches. These include rural districts in older states,. . congested areas in cities and thinly settled districts in newer states•.. These constitute a challenge to occupy the field.

Millions of Negroes in the South are in need of practical train- ing and religious instruction. There is need for more educated Christian leaders of their own race. They constitute a challenge to Christian race relations.

Of the three hundred and fifty-five thousand Indians in the United States, thousands are still untouched by the Gospel of Christ. They constitute a challenge to acceptance of responsibility for the "Wards of the Nation."

Six hundred thousand Mexicans are in the United States but most of them are still ignorant of the true meaning and power of the Gospel. They constitute a challenge to true neighborliness.

There are hundreds, perhaps thousands, of over-churched communities, where overlapping involves waste of workers, money and effort. These constitute a challenge to Christian cooperation and unity.

Of the 235,000 Christian churches in the United States, it is re- ported that 60,000 reported no additions last year through confession of Christ. These constitute a challenge to prayer and faith- ful testimony.

One hundred thousand Protestant churches are without pas- tors. The inadequate supply of students for the ministry threatens to leave more churches shepherdless. This constitutes a challenge to more sacrificial service in difficult fields.

The great increase of wealth and luxury in America, and the eager pursuit of money, threaten to overwhelm the land with selfish materialism. This wealth constitutes a challenge to Chris- tian stewardship.

Unethical, selfish and often immoral practices in commerce and industry, in family life and amusements, in race relations and politics, constitute a challenge to the faithful application of the principles of Christ in all the relations of tife.

The growing sentiment in favor' of interdenominational fellowship, cooperation and unity constitutes a challenge to church executives to apply more adequately and extensively the unifying principles of Christ.

The advance of atheism and ungodliness in many American educational institutions, and the increase of rationalistic teaching, tendfng to destroy the Christian faith, constitute a challenge to cleare.r thinking, a better understanding of Christ and His teach- ings and more adequate religious training of coming generations.

The lack of vitality in the life of many churches and in pro- -iessing Christians, and the low plane of spiritual life and service in unnumbered homes and communities, constitute a challenge to a deepened prayer life, more Christ-like .''1tandards of life and service, more faithfuL Bible study and closer fellowship with God.

525

AND THE NEW IN A FRONTIE R TOWN IN

THE FRONTIER MOVEMENT IN AMERICA * BY REV. CHARLES HATCH SEARS, D.D., New York Gen eral Seuretar:u a/ th e Nti1c York Cit y B a.ptist MisslM Sooiety FOR three hundred years, up t o ment that there can hardly be said the end of the ninet eenth cen- to be a frontier line." tUry, the frontier movement It took one hundred years to was a dominant factor in Amer- drive the American frontier one ican life. During these three hun- hundred miles inland. True, the dred years the frontier was driven frontier line stretched along the three thousand miles from the Atlantic coast in a jagged line fol- Atlantic to the Pacific, from Can- lowing the indentation of rivers to ada to the Gulf of Mexico. the "fall line" at points reaching In 1890 the director of the back more than one hundred miles. United States Federal Census an- Moreover, the vanguard of pionounced that the frontier would no neers-trappers, explorers, miners longer be treated as a distinct topic and range frontiersmen – penein the Census. "Up to and includ- trated into the wilderness far being 1890 the country had a frontier yond the frontier line. "While the of settlement, but at present the miners and the cowpens were still unsettled area has been so broken near the fall line," says Turner, into by isolated bodies of settle- "the traders' pack trains were • One of a series of articles on population trickling across the Alleghanies m ovements in America.–the frontier movement , and the French on the Great Lakes t h e im m igration movemt"..nt. th e city trend, were fortifying these parts." We a nd th e 8ub llr bflD tr-cnd. T h e pu rpos e of th ese accept Turner's definition of the a rticles Is t o show the m iss ionar y implications frontier: "In American thought of t hese important popula tion m ovements and speech the term frontier has within the United States. Supp lementa l articles on the n oorrthtehren migration of Negroes, and the r eturn European immigrants ar e contemplated.-O. H . S.

626 come to mean the edge of the set- were chiefly concerned in fur contlement." cessions and in the commercial ad- vantages of exploitation, chiefly of The real frontier had progressed, the fur industry. The restrictions by the end of the seventeenth cen- which they imposed often imtury, only approximately one hun- periled the lives of the frontiersdred miles. In football parlance, men. Too often the Indians were 1700 marked the first down on the used as their allies and brutal 100-mile line with 3,000 miles to murders were the consequence. go, and this at the end of one hundred years of desperately stren- The frontier had penetrated but uous frontier play with heavy little beyond the Appalachian casualties. It took almost another Range at the time of the American one hundred years to drive the Revolution though the pioneer frontier line three hundred miles trapper, explorer and intrepid A FRONTIER CHURCH ON THE OPEN PRAIRIE, FISHER, WYOMING further westward to the foothills ranchmen were already in Kenof the Alleghanies, where in 1763 tucky, Tennessee and northern the British Government decreed Georgia. that it must stop. It took nearly another genera- This was not the only attempt to tion of hardy men to drive tho fix the frontier. Washington tried frontier line across the Mississippi, it, while both Jefferson and Mad- when the Louisiana purchase perison put forth their hands to stop mitted the frontiersmen to push the westward flow of the frontier the front to the foothills of the movement. Until after the war of Rockies where it had arrived about 1812 the growth of the West in- the middle of the nineteenth cenvolved the young republic in tury. But these frontiersmen serious complications with Eng- heard the call "We must march" land, France and Spain, The and the progress was relentless till American frontiersman was bent the covered wagon had reached the on land and set on permanent de- coast. "The fall line marked the velopment. The European powers frontier of the Seventeenth Cen-

tury; the Alleghanies that of the political, religious, economic and Eighteenth; the Mississippi that social.

of the first quarter of the Nine- It was the frontier, as Turner teenth; the Missouri that of the points out, that gave America uni- middle of this century (omitting versal male suffrage. In the Con- the California movement); and stitutional Convention of New the belt of the Rocky Mountains York in 1821 it was western New and the arid tract, the present York that fought for a liberal suf- frontier." Finally, just before the frage. So it was the frontiersmen close Df the nineteenth century, of Virginia who stood for the same the United States Government pDlicy in the Virginia Constitu- officially recDgnized the resting of tional Convention in 1830. "It the frDntier on the sands of the (American democracy) came out Pacific, and an heroic epoch in of the American forest, and it gained new strength each time it touched a new frontier," says Turner. In another connection he says that at first the frontier was the Atlantic coast, European in origin and type, but as the frontier pushed westward it became Amer- ican.

It was on the frontier that re- ligious liberty had its birth. Roger Williams went beyond the "edge of the settlement" before he found re- ligious liberty and before he founded the first free church in a WHERE A SUNDAY-SCHOOL WAS OR- free state as Straus, a Jew, has so GANIZED IN SILVER CREEK graphically described in his "Roger VALLEY, IDAHO Williams, the Pioneer of Religious American history had made its im- Liberty." .

perishable record. The Congregational C h u r c h This was more than the making dominated the original frontier.

of a three-thousand-mile natiDnal The Puritans were quick to forget expanse. The frontier made Amer- the European struggle of the Pil- ica. The frontier movement was grims and themselves entrenched far more than the shifting' of a the church behind the bulwarks of great population dominantly An- the state and entered upDn a war- glo-Saxon. It marked an extension fare of offense against Quakers of the world's spiritual frontier. and Baptists, as Straus points out.

The original colonies thought in Religious liberty was as unwel- terms of E u r 0 pea n culture. come in the new west as in old Though on western' soil, they were Europe. In the second century of essentially European in their con- the expansion new forms of reli- ception of an autocratic church in gious organization became dom- an autocratic state and in their inant. It was on the frontier thought of the relation of class to that these new forms of religion class. It was the frontiersman who found sDcial expression. For- broke up these European forms, tunately the experience of Roger

THE FRONTIER MOVEMENT IN AMERICA

Williams in Rhode Island was not Presbyterians for of the latter he an isolated expression of religious says, "Followers of John Knox, freedom. "By 1760," says TUrner, they had the contentious individ- "a zone of Scotch-Irish Presby- ualism and revolutionary temper terian churches extended from the that seem natural to Scotch Presfrontier of New England to the byterianism. They were brought frontier of South Carolina." He up on the Old Testament, and in pays tribute to the Huguenots and the doctrine of government by cov- Moravians. Speaking particularly enant or compact." of the development of the Ohio Valley he says, "The Scotch-Irish The frontiersmen had an equally Presbyterians with the glow of the potent influence in shaping social Covenanters; German sectaries ideals. Frontiersmen were demowith serious-minded devotion to cratic, resourceful, self-reliant, confident in their ideals, restless MODERN PIONEERING-A GOSPEL CRUISElt WORKING IN PUGET SOUND one or another of a multiplicity of under restraint and withal advensects, but withal deeply responsive turous pioneers in democracy. to the call of the religious spirit, and the Engl{sh Quakers all fur- In legislative assemblies, in connish a foundation of emotional re- stitutional conventions and in the sponsiveness to religion and a working out of social problems readiness to find a new heaven and generally, whether questions of ina new earth in politics as well as in ternal policy, matters of poJitical religion. In spite of the influence franchise, religious liberty or quesof the backwoods in hampering re- tions affecting relation to European ligious organization, this upland powers, there was a community of society was a fertile field for tillage interest among frontiersmen. They by such democratic and emotional were all working, however unconsects as the Baptists, Methodists sciously, toward national unity. and the later Campbellites, as well They had gone through common as by Presbyterians." experiences.

Turner was evidently not fond This interesting debate on the of Baptists, Methodists or Scotch floor of the Virginia Constitutional Convention has been preserved. 2

"But at home, or when they re- Roosevelt in his "Winning of the turn from Congress, they have West" says, "As soon as the region Negroes to fan them asleep. But grew at all well settled, clergymen a Pennsylvania, a New York, an began to come in. Here, as else- Ohio, or a western Virginia states- where, most of the frontiersmen man, though far inferior in logic, who had any religion at all prometaphysics and rhetoric to an old fessed the faith of the Scotch-Irish; Virginia statesman, has this ad- and the first regular church in this vantage, that when he returns cradle-spot of Tennessee was a home he takes off his coat and takes Presbyterian log meeting-house hold of the plow. This gives him built near Jonesboro in 1777, and bone and muscle, sir, and pre- christened Salem Church. Its passerves his republican principles tor was a pioneer preacher, who pure and u nco n tam ina ted." worked with fiery and successful (Quoted by Turner.) energy to spread learning and re- ligion among the early settlers of Not only were leaders of the the Southwest. His name was Samstate apprehensive lest frontiers- uel Doak." This pioneer was also men should move too rapidly and responsible for the founding of press too far inland but churchmen Washington College, "the ijrst inalso shared'this apprehension. In stitution of its kind west of the 1850 the editor of the Home Mis- Alleghanies." sionary says, "We scarcely know whether to rejoice or mourn over Roosevelt makes this observation this extension of our settlements. upon the emergence of Baptists While we sympathize in whatever and Methodists destined to become tends to increase the physical re- by 1920 the largest Protestant sources and prosperity of our bodies in America: "Presbyteriancountry, we cannot forget that ism was not, however, destined with all these dispersions into re- even here to remain the leading mote and still remoter corners of frontier creed. Other sects still the land the supply of the means of more democratic, still more in grace is becoming relatively less keeping with backwoods life and and less." Josiah Strong expressed thought, largely supplanted it. a like fear at the very end of the Methodism did not become a powfrontier movement notably in er until after the close of the Rev- "Our Country." olution, but the Baptists followed close on the heels of the Presby- Fortunately the Church had the terians. They too soon built log adventurous spirit. The pioneer meeting-houses here and there." preachers were as intrepid as In another passage referring to trappers. "They yielded," says the democratic appea1 of these two Roosevelt, "scores of martyrs, churches, he says, "The Baptist nameless and unknown, men who preachers lived and worked experished at the hands of savages or actly as did their flocks; their by sickness or in flood or storm." dwellings were little cabins with Among the most intrepid of these dirt floors and, instead of bedpioneer churchmen from the period steads, skin-covered pole-bun~s ; of 1750 to 1800 were Scotch-Irish they cleared the ground, split Presbyterians. We have already rails, planted corn, and raised seen how their churches dotted the hogs on equal terms with their frontiers.

parishioners. After Methodism cut in America an historical sense. We loose from its British connections need to see the social, political and in 1785, the time of its great ad- religious movements in America on vance began, and the circuit-riders the historic background of Asiatic were speedily eating bear-meat and and European progress. We think buffalo-tongues on the frontier." the frontier movement of the sev- Roosevelt was particularly im- enteenth century slow but when pressed with the revival of 1800. we think of the three centuries of He says, "In 1799 and 1800 a great the frontier movement ending just revival of religion swept over the before 1900, and compare it with west. Up to that time the Presby- similar population movements in terians had been the leading creed Asia Or in Europe, we find it in- beyond the mountains," and then credibly rapid and far reaching adds, "The great revival of 1799 in its extent. Roosevelt in speak- was mainly carried on by Method- ing of American settlements in ists and Baptists and under their 1800 says, "A thin range of settle- guidance the Methodist and Bap- ments extended from the shores of tist Churches at once sprang to Lake Erie on the north to the the front and became the most im- boundary of Florida on the south,"

portant religious forces in the but in less than a century the fron- frontier communities." tier movement had reached the Perhaps no more dramatic pic- western coast, an advance of near- ture of the progress of the Church ly twenty-five hundred miles!

has ever been drawn than that por- What a stupendous home mission trayed in Mrs. Honore Willsie Mor- task was presented by this century row's novel "We Must March." It advance! What was involved in is a story of the opening of the the adequate churching of a nation northwest and the great contribu- 3,000 miles in westward reach and tion of Congregational Home Mis- 1,250 miles in southern spread!

sions under Dr. Marcus and Mrs. How much intrepid living, how Narcissa Whitman. Where is there much adventure is compressed in- a better illustration of the part to this period!

played by the Church in the win- We can hardly comprehend the ning of the west, and in making vast extent of the Mississippi Riv- the west worth winning? er system with its 36,000 miles of Roosevelt pays this tribute to river and stream and its 5,000 frontier preachers: "The whole miles of navigable waters. The west owes an immense debt to the Hendrik Hudson on the Hudson hard-working frontier preachers, was but an incident in comparison sometimes Presbyterians, general- with the flat boats on the Missis- ly Methodists or Baptists, who so sippi and the little steamboats up gladly gave their life to their la- its tributaries. These boats dis- bors …… Wherever there was a tributed schools and churches.

group of log cabins, thither some These steamboats have not ap- Methodist circuit rider made his pealed to the imagination like the way or there some Baptist preach- "prairie schooners." It is the "cov- er took up his abode." ered wagon" that typifies the west, The Huge Task of the Church but let us not forget the advent of the steamboat. What did this vast We have lost or failed to acquire westward movement mean to the

Christian Church, particularly to We say that there was an excess its home mission agencies? of zeal in establishing rural churches. There was. Turner In a single decade, 1870-1880, speaks caustically of the rivalry of new farms came under develop- sects particularly of "emotional ment in the great west covering an sects such as Methodists and Baparea as large as the entire farming tists." But he hardly does justice area of France. In the next decade to the movement as a whole. The new farms were opened in this churches gave a religious foundanew America equal in extent to the tion to America that could not oth- erwise have been and that certainly combined farm acreage of France, has never been laid by any state Germany, England and Wales! church and in all probability would Can we visualize the task of pro- not have been laid under any sysviding religious institutions for tem of organic church unions. rural France, Germany, England and Wales all within a single dec- Now let· us set our house in orade, and that without government der! Let us correct the overgrants or the imposition of local churching revealed at the recent Cleveland Conference; yes, but let rates upon the farming population? us not forget the spirit, the energy, Providing religious advantages for the consecration and resourcefula free people within a free state ness that our fathers put into the through a free church over so vast laying of the spiritual foundation an area within so short a time had of America, particularly in connever before been l1nderlaken and nection with the frontier movecertainly will never be undertaken ment. Probably the frontier again. Let us stop to observe that spirit, its energy, resourcefulness this period of maximum expansion and consecration, has more in it in home missions, the nineteenth for our own generation than the century, was practically coincident dialectics of parlor critics. with the first hundred years of modern foreign missions. The Let the Church establish new thrust of the American Church spiritual frontiers! May Kipling's lines be as prophetic of our own during the nineteenth century was generation as they are of the Fronboth east and west. Its westward tier Movement! thrust was quite as significant as its eastward. Taken together are "We were dreamers, dreamers greatly in they not comparable to the thrust the man's stifled town. of the Church during the second and third centuries? We yearned beyond the sky line where the strange roads go down."

T HE nature of Christianity is such that the courageous acceptance of the larger tasks, so far from hindering the Church in the dis- charge of its responsibilities near at hand, will bring to it the inspiration which will enable it to meet those obligations.

Once our eyes have seen the splendid truth that life is something far richer and more valuable than material possessions, and that living means loving, the question at once becomes not how MUCH but how LITTLE we can afford to spend on ourselves.

ATTACKING THE

BY REV. CHARLES E. SCHAEFFER, D.D., Philadelphia, Pa. Gener..' secretary oJ the Board 01 Home Mia8irm8 Of the Reformed (fhurch in the United State.

I T DOES not require a prophet's Symptoms and Causes insight to obser:re that a ~eal~y alarming situatlOn prevaIls m The external symptoms of a disthe modern Church. The most integrating process are obvious casual observer recognizes the fact enough. Let us, however, not conthat the Church does not hold the fuse the symptoms with the causes. place in the affections of the people The symptoms of an illness are one and of influence in society that it thing and the germs and bacteria once did. By the Church we mean which produce such symptoms are the body of believers in Jesus different things. If we wish to get Christ which has been gathered rid of the symptoms we must probe out of the whole human race and for the causes. The outer signs of which is in the world to carry for- the declension of the modern ward the work of Christ through Church appear in the apathy and the Spirit and in the fellowship of indifference on the part of many the Word. The history of the church members, the falling away Church reveals the fact that as an of many others, the ever-increasinstitution it has always been ing difficulty which pastors and rethreatened with defeat if not with ligious leaders experience in maindestruction. It has always been taining the spiritual vitality and obliged to be a militant Church. growth of the Church, as well as in numerous other adverse expres- The early Church was shatterM sions. Statisticians report that and scattered, but its shaking was 500,000 names were erased from its making. Later, heresies and Protestant church rolls last year. divisions entered and threatened Many of these are accounted for by its very life. But it has always changes of residence and large adhad a strange way of coming back. ditions on confession reduce the Once in a while, practically every net loss to a much smaller number hundred years, there arise those than the erasures would indicate. who volunteer to bury the Church, Nevertheless the number of mem- bers dropped is not a healthy but when they are ready to per- symptom in church life. There form the obsequies the corpse can- are, therefore, some who are not be found! The reason for this trembling for the Ark of God and lies in the fact that the Church is are predicting an early demise of not a mere human organization. It the Church. is an organism. It is the Body of Christ. It is a divine human in- When one comes to investigate stitution like her Lord and Founder Himself. While, therefore, the the forces that are operative in this Church can never be obliterated, nevertheless it can suffer serious disintegrating process, one finds it consequences from conditions and circumstances to which it is being difficult to name anyone specific subjected from time to time. factor. A combination of forces is at work in human society express- ing itself in the thought life, in the 533

modern industrial, social and eco- what happened in men's concep- nomic order, in the viewpoint tion of the cosmic order and in the which people have relative to the world of politics is today taking values of life and in their general place in the ecclesiastical order.

conception of religion and its place The old order changes. Men's atti- in human society. tude towards the Church has Enemies of the Church changed. The Church has not yet been able to make a complete re- Towards the close of the first adjustment in its thinking, in its century of the Christian era, the organization and in its program to seer of Patmos in pictorial lan- the new spirit that is abroad in the guage describes the enemies that earth. This fact is undoubtedly arrayed themselves against the alienating a large number of peo- new-born Church of that day. He ple, especially the so-called "intel- calls them the beast, the false lectuals" and the vast body of prophet, and the fallen woman. young people, particularly those The beast represents the brutal, who are being educated in our col- selfish, devouring spirit which ex- leges and universities.

presses itself in those people that The Mechanistic Philosophy are seeking to trample the Church under their feet and snuff out its The mechanistic philosophy of very life. The false prophet stands life likewise is militating against for the false philosophy, the hy- the Church. Our conception of the pocrisy, the unchristian teachings values of life has greatly changed.

which prevail in the Church. And The present generation is rushing the fallen woman represents the madly after things, like hunters spirit of worldliness, frivolity and after game. This philosophy has sin. These three forces which the largely relegated spiritual ideals aged Apostle pictures in vivid and into the background and has eval- apocalyptic language in his genera- uated life in terms of material pos- tion are operative today and are sessions. This viewpoint of life is threatening the very life of the far more deeply entrenched and Church. more strongly regnant in human The scientific spirit and the society than is generally supposed.

spirit of democracy have wrought It is being fostered in the home, in a revolution in the thought life and the school and in the industrial in the attitude of people towards order which is honeycombed with every aspect of human life. When- its spirit. In this the Church it- ever great movements such as the self, which is to be the generator scientific spirit and the spirit of and promoter of lofty spiritual democracy break loose in the world ideals, is alike at fault with other they affect every part and depart- institutions of human society. It ment of life. They break forth has too largely become a machine.

everywhere – in government, in It depends too much upon organiza- education, in industry and also in tion, wheels within wheels, upon religion. The scientific spirit, for mechanical arrangements instead example, gave men a new view of of upon the spirit of the living God.

the world. The spirit of democracy It measures its success too largely wrought great changes in the gov- in terms of statistics, of elaborate ernments of the nations. Precisely edifices, of raising budgets and

FORCES ATTACKING THE CHURCH

other forms of activity which are human organism. Some folks dominated by the mechanistic phi- think of religion as though it were losophy of life and the spirit of a hand or a foot or the head or materialism. even the heart. But it is more than anyone of these or all of them put A Divided Church together. It is the vital and vital- izing element of life. To put re- The divisions in the modern ligion into one category and science Church are militating against its or education into another category efficiency as a spiritual force in is missing the mark. the world. In consequence of this fact the Church does not speak Now, the Church is the organ with a united voice. It does not through which religion works, alhave a common, compelling pro- though it is not the only instrugram. Protestantism has divided ment. There are other agencies. itself not only into denominations In fact, during the course of hisand sects, some of which are so tory other agencies have taken small as to be called insects, but over much of the work of the within denominational lines it has Church. In one sense the program arrayed itself in opposite camps of the modern Church is much such as fundamentalism and mod- larger than it formerly was. In ernism, each of which is a one- another sense it is more restricted. sided and an inadequate expression Once it included education, hospiof the Church's life and teaching. tality, even transportation, along Fundamentalism is essentially Ro- with ministration to the poor and man Catholic in its spirit and in its the preaching of the Gospel and its method of approach to the doc- mISSIOnary enterprises. Now trines of the Church and in its atti- many of these activities are cartude towards those who differ in ried forward by other agencies their views. Modernism is expend- which undoubtedly received their ing its effort in a mere intellectual impetus originally from the Church process without having the spirit and even today are sustained and of an all-challenging and compel- supported by church people. ling program for Christianity. Rein tegra tion Religion a-Life The reintegrating process of the The misconception of religion Church, the restoration of its which people so frequently enter- power in human society, must betain likewise has a perverting in- gin far back. Our motives must fluence with reference to the be given new content, new char- Church. Many people speak of re- acter and a new direction. The ligion as a department of human motives of life must change. Our life. They think of it as they do of educational standards and methods education, politics, industry and must likewise change. Our younger other phases of human activity. generation lacks a sense of grati- This is an altogether inadequate in- tude. Many of the material blessterpretation of religion. Religion ings, comforts and conveniences of is life itself. It is a spirit and this today are a direct or indirect spirit is supposed to pervade all product of Christianity which has departments of human life. Re- been maintained in the world ligion is what the blood is to the through the Church. The present

generation seems to be perfectly will mean the destruction of the willing to enter into the inherit- ideals themselves which such inance, the enjoyment of these bless- stitutions have cherished and in ings, without recognizing whence which they have been enshrined. they come or without making ade- In spite of the disintegrating forces quate provision for passing them in modern society which are at on to succeeding generations. The work against the Church, the indictment of the present genera- Church will come out gloriously tion is that it is self-centered; it and victoriously. It… has always lives too much unto itself; it has been so. When the Church seems to be well-nigh crushed it rises little respect for the past and again, like its Lord, unto new life scarcely any regard for the future. and power. Institutions hoary with age and holy with honor are readily put on "Oh, where are kings and empires now, the scrap heap. The decadence of Of old that went and came? institutions such as the Church, But, Lord, Thy Church is praying yet, A thousand years the same."

THE SOUTHERN MOUNTAINEERS T HERE are two main mountain areas in the South. The area east of the Mississippi is the one most commonly referred to as "the Southern Highlands." This is the area of the Alleghany, Cumberland, and Blue Ridge Mountains. As its boundaries are ordinarily drawn, it includes parts of nine states, with a total area of 112,000 square miles.

Within this area dwells 5,500,000 people. They are predominantly rural, the few large cities being in the valleys. Less than a fourth of the total population lives in places of 1,000 inhabitants or more. They are more than four fifths "native born whites of native parentage." Outside the cities, Negroes are few and the foreign-born still fewer. Industrial development is, however, effecting a change in this particular in some sections. In the fourteen counties in northcentral Tennessee only two per cent of the population are Negroes and only three-tenths per cent are foreign-born. Nine per cent live in the villages. These same counties illustrate the economic problem. Farming is the chief occupation throughout the mountains, but except in the larger river valleys the proportion of good, tillable land is small and the agricultural resources are exceedingly meagre. In these counties the average farm has only 36 acres of imnroved land and has a total value of only $2,970. The mountains have natural resources in timber, minerals, and water power of incalculable value.

West of the Mississippi is the Ozark Mountain area, covering parts of Missouri, Arkansas, and Oklahoma, with a total area of approximately 60,000 square miles. The general characteristics of this area, in population and resources, are about as described above, except that the agricultural possibilities are greater.

The chief problems of the mountains are: lack of economic opportunity and consequent poverty; lack of adequate medical and hospital facilities and consequent prevalence of disease; lack of proper schools and consequent illiteracy; lack of good roads and adequate transportation facilities and consequent isolation and retardation; lack of strong churches with educated leadership and consequent weakness of religious life.

HISTORY IN THE

Recorded in the July-August REVIEW, 1878 T HE Methodist Episcopal Church (in 1878) reported 278 American foreign missionaries, 173 assistant missionaries, and 18 missionaries of the Women's Foreign Missionary Society. Today it reports 1,165 missionaries of the General Board and 696 of the Women's Soc.i..ety. … …

Fifty years ago the receipts of the Methodist Episcopal Church, for both horne and foreign work, amounted to $628,977 and the amount expended for foreign missions was $280,000. Last year the foreign mission income alone was $5,350,473.

… … …

It was in 1878 that the Rev. William Taylor, of the American Methodist Episcopal Church, visited India and South America to establish self-supporting churches.

… … …

In 1878 the Bible was translated into 212 languages and dialects. Today it is translated into over 800 languages and dialects. … … …

Rev. George L. Mackay, a mIssIOnary of the Presbyterian Church of Canada, six years after he landed in Formosa, baptized thirty-two converts in the presence of two hundred hearers. He reported thirteen Christian chapels, each with a trained preacher. Today this Mission reports nineteen missionaries, 67 native staff and 4,109 communicant members.

… … …

The Peking Gazette of February 1, 1877, published a Chinese "Edict of Toleration" toward those who embraced Christianitythe first edict of its kind published in China.

… … …

Two missionaries, Lieutenant Smith and Mr. O'Neill, of the C. M. S., Nyanza Mission, were reported as murdered in Central Africa on their way to Uganda.

… … …

Messrs. Grenfell and Comber, of the English Baptist Mission, entered the west coast of Africa in 1878 to explore the territory in order to find a site for the mission. Today this society reports 78 missionaries in its Congo Mission, with 545 native staff, 95 organized churches, 9,230 baptized communicant members and 14,781 under Christian instruction.

… … …

The London Weekly reported 148,991 native Protestant mis- sion adherents and 34,010 native Protestant Church members in South Africa. Today there are reported 409,376 native Protestant church members, and 643,181 adherents.

537

RISING TIDE OF COOPERATION

HOME MISSIONS BY REV. WILLIAM R. KING. D.D.• New York Executive Becrctary~ Home Missio"tts Council V ICTOR HUGO said, "There is closer cooperation between de- nothing like an idea whose nominations in Home Mission time has come." Cooperation fields. between denominations in Home Over-Churching Mission work is "an idea whose The facts presented were along time has come." It has been talked three general lines – over-churchabout. Pious resolutions have ing, under-churching and Home been passed commending it. Com- Mission aid. The surveys revealed ity committees have been wrestling the fact that 60% of the town and with it, but not until within recent country communities have more months has' it seemed to grip the . than twice as many churches as are imagination of the Church. Today needed; in some instances four or there is a rapidly rising tide of in- five times as many as the comterest in interdenominational coop- munities can adequately support.

eration and fellowship. It has Out of 179 counties, scattered over come upon us with the suddenness the United States, in only six did of a mountain freshet caused by the ratio of churches to popUlation cloudbursts far up the canyon. approach the commonly accepted The Comity Conference, held in standard of one church to every Cleveland last January, did much 1,000 inhabitants. The average to quicken interest and arouse the was one for every 463; more than leaders of the Church to the im- twice the number needed. One portance of this subject. It was county in North Carolina had a without question the cloudburst church for every 95 people. In an that started the streams flowing at agricultural county in Maryland fuller tide. For three days more there were 17 churches within a than four hundred leaders of thirty radius of seven miles. A village in denominations in the United States central Pennsylvania, with 600 inand Canada, faced fearlessly the habitants and 1,900 in the whole facts that had been gathered by surrounding country, has 18 surveys from all parts of the coun- churches, one for every 107 people. try. This was the first time the These churches belong to nine dif- leaders of the denominations had ferent denominations. Eight of ever come together to study seri- them have less than 25 members ously the question of competition each. Altogether they have enand overlapping. The disclosures listed less than half of the people of facts presented at this confer- of the community. Within three ence shocked the delegates and, miles of a smaller village in the through the press reports, to a con- same state, in a district having siderable extent the entire Church, about 1,000 inhabitants, there are into a consciousness of the need of 17 churches representing four de- 538 nominations. Here there is not Catholic churches and ten Protes- only competition between different tant-just twice as many churches denominations but some of these as are needed to care for the 5,000 denominations are competing with Protestants.

themselves by trying to maintain In the face of such facts as the two or more churches where even foregoing, which could be multione may not be needed. A high plied at great length, one cannot official of a leading denomination help but sympathize with the vetsaid to a group of church leaders eran minister who writes, "We recently that there are in a certain hear of shortage of ministers; I state, which he mentioned, five or think it is a surplus of churches. six times as many churches of his There is undoubtedly a large numdenomination as are needed. One ber of churches absorbing national man writes that within fifteen minutes' drive from his home in all directions he can reach 17 different country churches. In another ham- let of fifty souls in the old Key- stone state there are three churches. In' one of the buildings, Reformed and Lutheran groups hold services on alternate Sundays, both conducted by non-resident pastors. The other two buildings, within a stone's throw of each other, belong to two kinds of Evan- gelicals. In each building are con- ducted a separate Sunday-school and preaching services on alternate Sundays by the same pastor. Sim- ilar situations exist in other places between other denominations.

This sin of over-churching is not confined to rural communities. It :-;UMBIDI: OF CHURCHE>l PER 1,000 exists in the cities as well. In Phil- INHABITANTS adelphia, one Roman Catholic A-Less than 2 C-3 to 4 parish is overlapped by nineteen B-2 to 3 D–4 and over Protestant churches. In aNew missions funds which ought not to England city, where the population exist, and if the denominations has not increased in sixty years, were a business organization cer- the number of churches has in that tainly would not exist."

time multiplied three times. In Under-Churching one of the larger cities in New York State there are nineteen While interdenominational riv- churches in the downtown section alry in Home Missions has led to within a few blocks of each other. overchurching in many places, it In a city in Illinois with 10,000 has led to under-churching and ininhabitants, who are about equally adequate churching in many other divided between Roman Catholic places. The more desirable and and Protestant, there are four promising communities have been

entered by as many churches as ized twenty years ago to bring the could crowd in, while the out-of- various Home Boards into closer the-way places, the "by-ways and fellowship and cooperation. The hedges," have been neglected. statesmen of that day saw the There are, according to a survey need and set themselves to meet it.

made a few years ago, 10,000 rural Their faith and vision have been communities that do not have a splendidly justified by the actual church of any kind. There are still accomplishments. The strongest other communities that are inade- argument in favor of cooperation quately churched, with part-time is that it works. The proof of the pastoral services, or only occa- pudding is in the eating. Denom- sional preaching, with poor equip- inations have found out through ment and no program. These experience that they can work to- neglected communities, these peo- gether. Such interdenominational ple who have no gospel privileges, organizations as the Federal Coun- are the ones to whom our hearts go cil of the Churches of Christ in out. Neglecting and overlooking is America, the Home Missions Coun- far more serious than over-church- cil, the Council of Women for Home ing. It is b,etter that a community Missions, and a large number of should have too many churches other national and state interde- than no church. nominational organizations, have The encouraging element in this been demonstrating the fact that whole situation is the awakening cooperation is practical and profit- of the Church, especially the able. There are scores of regional leaders in Home Mission work, to and local cooperative enterprises these evils, and the growing deter- that are meeting with success. In mination to correct them. The several states comity agreements men and women who are most alert are working with increasing satis- and anxious along these lines are faction. In Montana, eight years the members and secretaries of our ago, the denominational leaders mission boards. Whatever mis- made a survey of the state, organ- takes may have been made in the ized a State Home Missions Coun- past by our zealous Home Mission cil and entered into comity agree- Boards, that charge cannot be ments. At the first meeting imme- made against the ones who are diately following the survey, forty- directing their policies today. It nine consolidations of churches is the denominational Home Mis- were made and one hundred and sion Boards, cooperating through seven neglected communities were the Home Missions Council, which allocated to the different denomina- they support and control, that are ti-ons. Each one was assigned cer- promoting the comity principles tain neglected fields for which it and cooperation programs that are was to be responsible, all the other being pushed today. They are the denominations agreeing' to stay leaders in interdenominational out. For example, the entire comity and cooperation. eastern part of the state, one hun- What Has Been Accomplished dred and ten miles east and west, the entire width of the state from Much has been accomplished the Wyoming line to Canada, two during the last two decades. The hundred and seventy-six miles Home Missions Council was organ- north and south, was allocated to

THE RISING TIDE OF COOPERATION IN HOME MISSIONS

the Congregational Church. That enterprises. In New England denomination accepted the respon- great progress has been made.

sibility and proceeded to organize Massachusetts has for many years the work on the "Larger Parish been working out federations of Plan," with the assurance that churches and comity agreements.

there would be a free field and no New Hampshire has just completed competition. They established a state-wide survey, looking to the centers, put in good men,· gave elimination of over-churching.

them "Congregational S e r vic e There are already more than fifty Cars," equipped the stations with towns (townships) in the state adequate buildings and inaugu- where there is but one Protestant rated up-to-date aggressive pro- church and more than a score of gram. Today there are strong federated community churches.

churches across the entire eastern Recently I sat for two days with end of the state. Other denomina- the denominational superintend- tions were given special allocations. ents and executives of the state in The Presbyterians were assigned a review of the survey. There was the east side of Butte, Montana, a remarkable spirit of unity and the foreign section of that mining cooperation. Each community of city. With a free field and full re- the state was studied, and agree- sponsibility the Presbyterian Board ments arrived at for adjustments was encouraged to put on a real and exchanges and consolidations program with the result that in a that need to be made. If their short time the entire complexion recommendations are approved by of the section was transformed. the local communities involved, Baptists, Methodists and other de- New Hampshire will have one nominations were assigned special hundred per cent comity.

regions for which they accepted In Porto Rico the Evangelical sole responsibility with gratifying denominations allocated the terri- results. The State Council has held tory at the beginning of the work two meetings a year since it was in 1920. They maintain a Union started. Adjustments and ex- Theological Seminary at Rio Piz- changes have been made from time drus and carryon their publishing to time. So well has the plan work cooperatively.

worked that today there remain In the Southwest there is an In- but few places in the state where terdenominational C 0 u n c i I on there is any competition or over- Spanish-speaking Work, which co- lapping. ordinates all denominational work In Wyoming the same methods among the Mexicans in this coun- have been followed. At present try.

there is but one place in that state In Santo Domingo there is an where there is competition and that outstanding illustration of inter- is due to local conditions over denominational cooperation, where which neither the denominational three denominations are carrying leaders nor the grace of God have on a united effort to Christianize had any control. In Utah there is the people of that republic.

complete comity. In other western Another interesting development states comity committees and state in interdenominational cooperation councils have been working with is the Community Church Move- encouraging success in cooperative ment. Union churches have existed

here and there for some years, but biennial convention to discuss the movement as we have it today matters of common concern and is of comparatively recent growth. further interest in the movement.

The union churches of earlier years Recently two very interesting either died a natural death or were and illuminating books have been incorporated into the denomina- issued – "United Churches" by tional bodies. There are only three Elizabeth Hooker of the Institute undenominational union churches of Social and Religious Research listed now which were organized and "Community Churches" by prior to 1890. The movement be- David R. Piper.

gan to assume real proportions Whatever may be said for or about twenty years ago. It was against the Community Church coincident with the drift of popula- Movement it is a going thing; the tion from the country into the interest is spreading; the number towns and cities. Of the total is increasing. Like all movements number of community churches re- it needs to be carefully studied and ported today only forty-four were wisely guided lest it become a dis- formed before 1912. The move- integrating factor in our church ment is confined very largely to life on the one hand, or grow into rural sections. According to the another denomination on the other most recent figures available, there -either of which would be de- are 1,296 community churches, plorable.

1,066 of which are in villages of These things that have been ac- 2,500 and less. complished in the lines of comity There are four general types of and cooperation, together with the community churches – Federated new information that has been c h u r c h e s, Undenominational gathered through surveys, and churches, Community churches at- especially the findings of the tached to a denomination, and M- Comity Conference, have all com- filiated churches. The largest type bined to start a tide of sentiment is the Community church attached in favor of cooperation that is flow- to some denomination. The second ing through new channels and with largest type is the Federated rapidly increasing currents.

church. The Comity Conference in There are other influences at Cleveland declared in favor of the work in the hoorts of men which denominational community church ar~ helping to swell this tide of with a program and policy broad cooperation among the churches.

enough to receive into fellowship The movement is being accelerated Christians of all denominations by the new passion for the King- without subjecting them to the- dom of God that has come in recent ological tests. years and the consequent new con- This Community Church Move- ception of the Church's task.

ment is gaining headway and is at- Today there is a new emphasis tracting considerable attention. upon the Kingdom, a new hunger There is vigorous propaganda be- for reality, and a new set of ob- hind it. For some time The Com- jectives in church life. The leaders munity Churchman, an ably edited of religious life today are not and attractive monthly, has been thinking in terms of the Church so advocating the cause. The pro- much as in terms of the Kingdom.

moters of this movement meet in In this they are in harmony with

their Lord. He began and end~d of us all. Stanley Jones, in his re- His ministry preaching the King- cent book, "Christ at the Round dom. It was the Kingdom He Table," tells how, when Christians came to establish. The Church is and non-Christians in India met only a means to that end. The together to share with each other Kingdom is the ultimate objective. their inmost beliefs and experi- Men of vision today are beginning ences Christians found how much to look upon the organization and they had in common. He says, the activities of the Church in the "Our Round Table Conference re- light of the Kingdom. They are vealed the fact that we are the most beginning to discover that com- united people on earth and united petition and sectarian rivalries are in the deepest essentials of life. At not in the interest of the Kingdom. the center, at the place of Christian The old sins of denominational ex- experience we are one. We do not pansion, sectarian conquests and have to strive for unity, or ask for ecclesiastical supremacy are giving it, we have it. The Christian Church way to the real objectives of the is the most united body on earth Kingdom. Weare coming to think when it is really Christian. No of the task of the Church as beyond matter who was speaking, whether and above the building of organiza- it was an easterner or a westerner, tions to be confined within temples a brown man or a white man, a made with hands and to be valued high church Anglican bishop or a by their numbers, size and beauty. Salvation Army officer, a Men- The ideal that inspires our real nonite or a Methodist, a Protestant church leaders today is not church or a Catholic, wherever men ex- extension but Kingdom extension. perience Christ in reality we felt Their prayer is "Thy Kingdom we were one. Outward differences come. Thy will be done on earth." fell away as irrelevant. All other Home Missions began too largely unities are superficial compared to with the idea of extending the de- this."

nomination and planting our par- That is the conviction that istak- ticular type of church in every ing hold of Christian leaders community. Today the Kingdom around the world. In all real es- interests are more dominant. sentials, in the things that matter, Our Common Possessions the things that save, we are one. It is the things that are not im- Along with this new passion for portant that separate us. That is the Kingdom and the fine fellow- the tragedy of it. The scandal of ship we are having in our coopera- Protestantism is that we who are tive enterprises there is coming a so essentially united are so non- new appreciation of our common essentially divided. Our denomina- possessions in Christ, and the tional rivalries are belying our real negligible importance of the things unity. Our zeal for our particular that have been separating us. We denominational beliefs and activi- have come to see that no one de- ties, which are legitimate within nomination has any monopoly upon proper limits, has led us to em- Christ, or upon Christian truth. phasize them beyond their im- Noone church is in possession of portance. This has hindered the a single saving faith or doctrine coming of the Kingdom of God.

that is not the common possession The Church is fast becoming con-

victed of this thing. It is being it! this report: "My center is giv- converted. There is a place for de- ing, my left is retreating, the sit- nominations. They are essential to uation is excellent, I am attacking."

the progress of the Kingdom. The excellence of our situation to- There is a place for differences of day is arising out of the increasing religious opinion as there is for consciousness of our real condition.

different religious experiences. Our centers are giving, our lefts There is need for diversities of op- are retreating. We are seeing that eration in church work, as there it is time to attack. We can learn are varieties and types of people, a valuable lesson from the war in but there is no need for any of France. So long as the armies of these things to interfere with our the allies were not allied, so long as higher unities and our broader fel- they were fighting separately, each lowship. planning its own campaign, choos- Another cause for this rising ing its own position, directing its tide of cooperation is the growing own battles, the enemy gained.

conviction of the absolute hopeless- Not until the allies actually got to- ness of the Kingdom task so long gether and put themselves under as the Church is not united in its the direction of a coordinating efforts. There is a general feeling head did they stand any show of among church people that the stopping the German march to the Church is in statu quo. There is sea, or of breaking the Hindenberg much to justify this feeling. The Line. It was cooperation that won Church is not making headway as the war. That cooperation did not it should. Some think it is actually detract in the least from the pres- losing ground. Three of our lead- tige or national dignity of any ing denominations reported for the army. Each retained its own name, year 1927-28 one third of their its own personnel, its own uniform, churches as not receiving a single its own equipment, its own organ- member on profession of faith. izations. It simply became allied This is enough surely to make us with the other armies and threw think. The Church is not gaining its forces into line with the general in any appreciable way. In many plan. The denominations have places it is actually losing ground. nothing to lose in cooperation in Some are questioning whether the Home Missions. Each will retain country church can long survive. its own peculiar methods, organ- There is, however, an encourag- izations and uniform, its own sec- ing element in this situation. It is tors for defence and attack, but the fact that we are beginning to coordinated with all the others by see it. Marshal Foch, just before mutual planning and coordinated the first battle of the Marne, sent strategy the battles will be won.

AFRICAN PROVERBS Freely Translated into English by Mr. D. M. Miller "He weeps with one eye," meaning: He is insincere. ''You kindle a fire and leave it," that is to say: You are a talebearer. "He is a calf of the old cow," or as we would say: A chip of the old block.

PICTURES OF HOME

BY REV. JOHN T. FARIS, D.D., Philadelphia, Pa.

Editor oj Publicu-tions oj the Board of Chr';'~Ua,n Education~ Presbyterian Ohurch, U. 8. A.

SECULAR historians of the to go out as missionaries to Pitts- United States have delighted burgh. They are going into great to picture the stages of the ad- danger and perils, and it is likely vance of civilization from the East they will soon die. In anticipation to the West. And what a tremendously interesting story they tell! But it is not a tithe as interesting as the story that might be told of the movement of the men and women who have carried the Gospel from the Atlantic to the Pacific.

'" '" '" .. * * * * That story might begin with David Brainerd, the famous missionary to the Indians, who was expelled from Yale College, it is said, because he had said of a tutor that he had no more religion than a chair. It might be conti,nued with tales of Jonathan Edwards, who, when the people at Northamp- ton, Massachusetts, did not believe in him and his message, went to live among the Indians at Stock- bridge, Massachusetts, where he DAVID BRAINERD AND HIS .INTERPRETER began work without salary. The of this sad event we will now sing next scene described might be that their funeral dirge: of the villages by the Susquehanna "'Why should we mourn departing friends, in Eastern Pennsylvania where the Or shrink from deat~s alarms?' " .. .. .. .. . .. Moravians taught the Indians.'"* '" '" '" * * * .. .. Place should be given to the Now let us go to Ohio. The year incidents in the early days of Old Pine Street Church in Philadel- is 1771. David Zeisberger has led phia where, for three hours, 'a sol- a little company of Moravian misemn congregation sat sedately in sionaries from Bethlehem, Penn- their pews, while they listened to sylvania, to the Muskingum River.

addresses of farewell to departing There they founded three villages, home missionaries which were con- ShoenbrUn, GnadenhUtten, and Saeluded by the mournful message of lem, where they were surrounded the minister in charge : "We are by peaceable Christian Indians. gathered here today to say fare- Ten years of faithful, consecrated well to our friends who are about service followed. The story of self- 545 3

sacrifice, of dangers faced, of dif- to sing hymns and spoke words of ficulties conquered, is an epic of encouragement and consolation one the fro!ltier, about halfway be- to · another, until they were all tween the white settlements on the slain."

Ohio and the Wyandots and Dela- Undismayed, Zeisberger, who wares on the SanduRky. During was not present at the time of the the Revolution troubles increased, massacre, led a party back to Ohio for the Wyandots and Delawares when, in 1796, Congress granted became allies of the British. At to the Moravian Indians the tract length the enemy attacked Gnaden- of land in Ohio which they had hutten. The story of the tragedy formerly occupied. The town of New Goshen was built, and there the faithful missionary labored un- til November 17, 1808, when he died.

* … … * … * … … From Ohio to Indiana is easy.

Now see Baynard Rush Hall, who went to what in 1818 became known as "The New Purchase."

There he cleared his farm, and preached to people who came "from all quarters of the woods, along roads, traces, paths, or short cuts,"

on horses, "some with single riders of any sex, bursting at a gallop into view, through underwood, thickets of spicewood and papaw, or clearing log after log, in a kind BISHOP WHIPPLE, of hop, skip and jump gait." Apostle to the Indians … * '" … … * .* * In Illinois, on the Rock River, a pioneer home missionary alter- nated tasks like clearing the forest, that followed was told by Zeisberg- making a coffin, attending a ·funer- er in his diary: al where he was undertaker as well "The militia, some two hundred as minister, and preaching on Sunin number, as we hear, first came day at points forty miles apart to Gnadenhutten. Our Indians where the distance must be made were mostly in the cornfields and on horseback, through the forests, saw the militia come, but no one or over rough tracks called, by thought of fleeing, for they sus- courtesy, roads. And when, in pected no ill. The militia came to time, the churches grew so that them and bade them come into they could pay a salary, the amount town and no harm should befall was proudly fixed at $125 per year! them. They trusted and went, but they were all bound, the men being … … … * … … … …

On the prairies of Minnesota, put into one house and the women with Henry Benjamin Whipple, into another. The brethren began D.D. His Minnesota life began in

MOVING PICTURES OF HOME MISSIONS

1860, at Faribault. From that "Come again!" the men pleaded.

town as a center he drove his He did so. The next winter the horses three thousand miles each men of various camps asked him year for two years, as he did pio- to visit them. This he did gladly.

neer gospel work, always having in As he studied the conditions- mind the words spoken to him away from civilization for months, when he was consecrated as bish- spending the long evenings in the op: "Hold up the weak, heal the bunk house with but little to oc- sick, bind up the broken, bring cupy their minds, few having even again the outcast, seek the lost." a paper to read, seldom receiving Another part of the charge, less a letter, since most of the loggers personal perhaps, but even more are wanderers-his heart went out fervent, was, "Do not forget those to them. He won their confidence, wandering Indians, for they, too, can be brought into the fold of Christ." The first gift he received for his work was from a returned missionary from Cape Palmas, Af- rica, who said, as he gave it to the bishop, "Our· Christian black men gave me seventy dollars to carry the Gospel to heathen America. I give it to you for Indian Missions."

The story of the more than forty years that followed the faithful ex- penditure of the sacred gift is crowded so full of surprising and effective service, and of thrilling incidents, that it is good to read of them in full in Bishop Whipple's own book, "Lights and Shadows of a Long Episcopate."

******** ~'RANK HIGGINS, "LUMBERJACK SKY PILOT" Minnesota once more, but not the Minnesota of the Indians, but that of the lumberjacks, the sturdy and they talked to him as to a men who spend the long winter in "pard." He was amazed to learn the woods that they may help to that no missionary society was supply the world's call for lumber. working among the many tens of Their life is full of hardships, and .thousands of these men in the the camps are full of evil. In 1895 woods, though they were exposed there was a home missionary to the mercy of the saloon, the named Frank Higgins, whose work brothel, and the gambling hell.

centered at Barnum, Minnesota. The call was irresistible. He gave One evening he went to Kettle Riv- up his home, went into the camps, er to see the "drive"-men floating organized work for. the lumber- down the stream the logs that had jacks in Minnesota, Montana, been cut the winter before. That Washington, and California. And evening he was asked to preach, during his more than eighteen and from a log he did his best. years in the woods, where he was

the companion and friend of the in the days when great herds of hardy men, he won many of them buffalo still roamed northward in to a Christian life. After his death, the spring and southward in the in 1916, the man who succeeded winter, when three weeks were rehim said to the Presbyterian Gen- quired for the journey from St. eral Assembly: "Let us thank God Louis, young Sheldon Jackson and for the inspiration and vision he his wife went among the Choctaws. gave that noble man of faith, the There they taught the young savbest friend I ever had or ever shall ages who preferred to fight the have on earth, Rev. Frank Hig- teacher rather than to learn from gins. I had drifted into the log- him. And there he served his apging camps. At the age of twenty- prenticeship for his later wonder- ful work in Minnesota, Colorado and New Mexico, and finally in Alaska. Among his countless tasks, he transformed the educational sys- tem and brought physical life to the starving Eskimo by introduc- ing the Siberian reindeer among them, so paving the way for their entrance on the life more abundant.

******** Wyoming and Idaho. There Bishop Ethelbert Talbot went in 1887, and there he made the ac- quaintance of hundreds of cowork- ers who led him to testify: "The heroism, self-sacrifice and devotion evinced by our Methodist, Presbyterian, Baptist, and Roman Catholic, and other brethren in the Far West were such as to win my DR. SHELDON JACKSON. PIONEER reverent regard. And great is the two I had been driven from every debt which our civilization owes city and town in Northern Minne- to these pioneers of the Gospe!."

sota and North Dakota and de- That was high praise from the man prived of citizenship. I have who knew how to handle such un- fought one hundred and twenty- usual situations as that when, at eight contests in the squared circle · a mining camp, an Uncle Tom's with padded mitts. At the age of Cabin troupe sought an audience thirty-six, in a logging camp, I just when the bishop was busiest.

heard that big-hearted, godly man The leader of the troupers asked preach. The sermon reached the the bishop if, since both were seek- heart of the old outlaw, and I am ing a hearing, they could not make here tonight as a living testimony a deal. "Let me have the hall until of the results of the Lumber Camp nine o'clock," the bishop said.

Mission Work done by Frank Hig- "Your entertainment will follow gins." immediately after the service."

* * * * * * * * The surprised trouper said, "Well, The Indian Territory. In 1858, if that ain't treating us stage peo-

pIe white! You bet, I'll fetch all Cameron once said to a questioner. "I did not know what I was getti1'lg my troupe to your show, and we'll into when I began the work. Now I could not let go. I love these be mighty proud to be there, too!" girls. I must go anywhere when the call comes from one of those ******** who would be free."

California. It is a startling fact One who has written of Miss Cameron's work says that th~'Res'.. that one of the first missionaries cue Home charges itself with, the rescue of slave girls who have been to San Francisco, during the days brought unlawfully into the coun;- try. Its search for these girls may of the gold excitement, was sent lead from Seattle to Phoenix, into every form of den or secret hau'ht from the Sandwich Islands, where of vice. Tidings concerning these girls come in every way, by :whjzmissionaries had gone less than pered word or secret note; or po~ lite inquiry, often from Chinese twenty years before. When they themselves who know Miss Cam- eron's indomitable courage and went, theirs was a foreign mission- unfailing persistence.

ary field, but their successors have And the results! They may be seen in a picture of the entrance been home missionaries since 1898. to the home of a shrinking, fearful girl, the victim of superstition and So it is good here to think of their deception, and the departure from the home, a few years later, of a surprise when, in 1820, they landed self-respecting, well-poised Chris- tian, ready to carry light and joy at Kailua, Hawaii, and, expecting into a new home which she will help to make. Multiply that picto find themselves in the midst of ture by hundreds, and you can see the work carried on by San Franheathenism, ,they lea:rned that a cisco's Rescue Home for Chinese Girls. year before, by royal edict, idols The responsibility for the had been destroyed, and tabus civilization and Christianiza- tion of the world is most inabolished, so that the Hawaiians, cumbent upon us in the United States, in Britain and without a religion, were ripe for Canada, because of all nations we have come in contact, the work of the devoted mission- partly as traders, partly as governors, with all the backaries! ward peoples. It is urgent that we endeavor to meet that ****** * responsibility in this genera- You have heard of the Chi- tion.-J. A. MacDonald.

nese Rescue Mission in San Fran- cisco, w her e Miss Margaret Culbertson labored for years, and then turned over her work to Miss Donaldina Cameron. How those names have been detested by Chi- nese highbinders because they were unable to keep the bearers from thwarting their designs on Chi- nese girls destined for awful slav- ery in the dens of vice in Chinatown! It is said that Miss Cameron rescued from such slav- ery not less than fifteen hundred girls during the first twenty years of her superintendency of the res- cue work in San Francisco. What a tale of adventures could be told of those twenty years–adventures in the blind underground passages, in Chinese temples, in courts of justice. "No, I am not particularly ildv~nt1,lrous by nature," Miss

THE CHILDREN TO BE LOYAL AMERICANS AND GOOD

THE IMMIGRANT-ASSET OR LIABILITY BY CLARA M. GOODCHILD, Brooklyn, New York A CHINESE wall, compactly open-handed Scotch steel magnate; built around America, could Samuel Gompers, the friend of the not exclude our immigrants laborer; John Ericsson, who saved nor our alien problems; already the Union navy in 1862; James they are here-present and active. Gordon Bennett, the Englishman Even since the number was re- who gave America her first real duced by the quota, 538,000 aliens newspaper; Edward Bok, the entered the half-closed gate to the Dutchman, who said, "The sky is land of the free in 1927. Consider- the limit to the foreign-born in ing this inflow, though it is checked America"; Theodore Thomas, the from the flood-tide of 1914 when great orchestral leader; Nikola it reached 1,197,892, frenzied ora- Tesla, the electrical wizard; Autorical shouts of "America for gustus St. Gaudens, the inspired Americans" seem futile indeed. sculptor; the Serbian scientist, America has been called "The Michael Pupin; or Dr. Michael product of immigration." No one Anagnos, the Boston "eyes to the disputes the gain to America of blind." These and countless others such immigrants as Karl Bitter, have shared in America's making. the Austrian sculptor; Alexander They are God's gift to our young Graham Bell, the father of the nation. telephone; Andrew Carnegie. the Not so our sentiments towards 550

THE IMMIGRANT-ASSET OR LIABILITY

the unceasing stream of ignorant, convictions which opened America unskilled, illiterate ones pouring to the world. The patriots who endlessly through the portals of live in the dying glories of Amerfreedom, pushing against the ex- ica's morning years, deplore the clusion and quota bars, straining passing of a machineless, pastoral eager eyes across the seas for a age, an America independent of chance crack of admission. Some immigrant labor. How strange a friends of America call these immi- scene, America without immigrants our greatest menace. Cap- grants! italists, politicians and industrial No one to blame for crime; no 'ro TEACHING BOYS TO KNOW THE BIBLE AND BEl GOOD CHRISTIANS barons openly welcome and secretly one to do the hard dirty work; no fear them. Without doubt they one to supply wild oratory with spread turbidly over the scene like direful predictions of impending the muddy flood of China's "river doom. Where would be found ocof sorrow." Streets of old Amer- cupation for the social service ican cities, Lowell, Holyoke, New worker or the Americanization Bedford, on a pay night resemble zealot? Who would swarm into the port cities of Europe. The bronze Sunday resorts? Who would buy figures of revolutionary soldiers, the cheap autos choking our roads? the sacred monuments of Concord Who would furnish the gorgeous and Lexington and Bunker Hill colorful pictures of life in our tenelook down sadly on tramping thou- ment and slum districts? Who sands, utter strangers to the brave would take the prizes in our public

schools? Whose children would Then a brief hour for farewell. a crowd into our state colleges and last longing pathetic look on home, laboriously work out an education? sweet home, and these brave ones A huff and a puff, they are all set out for the strange and weary gone! America for:· Americans! journey, cuffed and bullied and What does it look like? No picks robbed all the way, yet with pa- ring on highways; no cages de- tient stoicism; for the hope set be- scend into mines; no smoke rises fore them enduring privations from foundry stacks; no cranes unbearable to our softer race.

swing in steel mills; no dynamos "Immigrants are all alike in pos- rotate in power-houses; no shut- sessing the spirit of the pioneer, tles fly in looms; no glow scintil- the innovator, the explorer, the ad- lates from blast furnaces. On the venturer."

morning after such an exodus the What has their E I d 0 r ado ancient American stock arise to a yielded? Higher wages but higher stupid and idle world. Countless cost of living; an unfamiliar and busy and bustling towns suddenly difficult language with unknown or have become useless and inanimate. obscure means of acquiring it; America ~s bereft of the labor wretched, dark, unwholesome liv- which has made her the envied ing quarters in swarming slums among nations, the richest land on in exchange for the village or farm earth! life in the open; free schools but These immigrants did not come the vicious playground of the con- uninvited. "By far the greater taminated gutter; and perhaps part of immigration is due to the hardest of all, universal ostracism industrial demand in the United by the people of the land, uncon- States for labor," unskilled, rough cealed contempt, deliberate and labor that has not appealed to those violent dislike. My Italian fruit who pride themselves on being "na- woman confided to me that Italy tive born." The call went out over- was a better land than America seas, a call richly colored with for there the rich always have a possibilities of higher wages, free- kind word for you; but here, she dom from conscript duty, easier said, "they treat you like dirt."

hours, free schools, irresistible al- Then why stay? Ah! the bridges lurements, and the response was are all burned, the choice is now instantaneous and startling. From irrevocable. The marvel is that Italy's vineyards and her noisy any virtues remain alive, even cities; from grain fields of Rus- though dormant, on which to graft sia; from lemon groves of Sicily; the bud of American democracy.

from Albanian wastes and Mon- And why this resentful American tenegrin rocks; from "little town gesture? Who is a foreigner?

by river or seashore, or mountain- Scratch any American deep enough built with peaceful citadel," they and you will find the alien.

listened and were snared. The tiny And these foreigners who have farm patch was sold; the goat and taught the map of Europe to pro- chickens and rude tools were con- vincial America, the geography of verted into cash; the meagre cloth- countries hitherto mere fantasies, ing and few priceless family bring with them certain precious treasures were crowded into ham- universal virtues; devotion to fam- pers or tied into shapeless bundles. ily life; the virility of rugged cen-

AN OPEN AIR MEETING IN A "FOREIGN BORN" NEIGHBORHOOD turies; inherent ability to work of being developed into useful lawhard, and a pathetic ambition for abiding American citizens. The their children. Possibly their low great majority of them desire to standards of living which we so become such citizens. The great loudly censure may be due to inher- majority of them, also, are here ited economy, or to a fond saving because of their faith in the ideals for eventual betterment. Their il- of America and in the principles literacy may be lack of opportun- of human justice which they beity or encouragement rather than lieve reside in this free land." bestial and craven indifference. Their ignorance of our language What then will turn the menace and customs, of our ·history and of immigration into a contribution ideals, may be the chief cause of to the common stock? What, intheir all-too frequent disregard of deed, but an appreciation and acour laws. Perhaps if we should knowledgement of the identity of appraise their limitations more interests of all people in America? justly and compassionately, they Whether belonging to the original would respond with greater recep- sons and first families, or arriving tivity and confidence. No doubt in the steerage; whether equipped "the great" majority of these adult with a pedigree, a university deilliterate immigrants are capable gree and a bank account, or with only bodily brawn and a dim, se-

cret, unphrased longing for some eigner as a gift, offered in the undefined better life than the old spirit of American liberty and de- world could afford them. mocracy, and with such genuine Willy-nilly the old-time Ameri- sincerity that the happy effect will can and the old-world immigrant be similar to the joy of the Syrian must pool their interests and rise Abraham Rihbany, who became or fall together. Thousands of im- the pastor of a wealthy Boston potent and impertinent "backseat church, and who exclaimed, "Just drivers" are offering their un- think of me, the child of ages of sought advice in these immigration oppression, now having a great problems; and still other thou- country to serve, to defend!"

sands earnestly and honestly in- Christian churches have the simquire, "What shall we do?" To all, plest, most persuasive and direct the first caution is, properly, do approach to aliens and foreigners, not criticize, it is worse than use- being fully equipped by their Diless. The foreigner is all blue and vine Master with both the requisite black and callous to the kicks of unkind criticism. Try a little hu- power and the definite command man kindness. Regard these stran- to "love one another," "do good to gers, unresponsive, unlovely, often all men," "preach the gospel" the uncouth, as in reality just God's good news, of the One who gave creatures like ourselves. As Shy- His life "a ransom for many." To lock says, "Fed .with the same change these outsiders through the food, hurt with the same weapons, fellowship that is in Christ Jesus is to bridge once and for all the subject to the same diseases, healed chasm between alien and Ameriby the same means, warmed and can. The Bible is the finest primer cooled by the same winter and sum- of the English language, and to mer. If you prick us, do we not graduate in its precepts is to bebleed? If you tickle us, do we not come indeed one of the sons of laugh? If you poison us, do we liberty, the liberty in Christ Jesus, not die? And if you wrong us, which makes every man a debtor shall we not revenge?" to every other creature. Possibly a fit habitation at a proper rental; fewer curses and The one thing lacking is prompt more courtesy; some intelligent obedience in pursuit of the difficult appreciation of his worthy ances- undertaking; the great obstacle is try might work wonders in clear- our own foolish racial pride; the ing his dark-browed animosity. He great motivation to diligence in is now indeed part and parcel of the work may proceed from our the pack. Will he enter proudly agony of apprehension lest "you the upward march to conquest, or and I and all of us fall down," and will he divert the entire course our land of the free become a deso· from the goal of prosperity into a lation and a by-word. stampede down the steep grade to '" '" '" destruction? It may depend wholly Some men live in a well-their on the treatment older Americans horizon is the well's mouth with a give him, seeking his cooperation tiny patch of sky above it; others in all undertakings on his behalf. dwell on a mountain top, and be- Any program, even of the utmost hold all the kingdoms of the world friendliness, must come to the for- at every sunrise.-W. H. P. Faunce.

ARE THEY-HOPELESS DERELICTS OR OUR FELLOW

THE MENACE OF OUR JAILS 0'BY REV. CHARLES N. LATHROP, New York Secretary th e Depart",e"t 0/ Olori.tian Soolal Service, Nallottl,l Co""c il of the P,'otelltant E piscopal Church I N THE lives of the first Chris- tiaries are removed from imme- tians, jails played an impor- diate contact or the possibilities of tant part. Both St. Peter and contact on the part of local com- St. Paul, as the Book of the Acts munities. They have their large shows, had remarkable experiences staffs with specially appointed in prison. But besides these two chaplains. The local jails, how- saints, hundreds of other Chris- ever, are near at hand and have no tians in the first century were sent large staffs, no regular chaplains, to jails. Perhaps this is one of and in many cases the inmates the reasons why in the great par- have no religious ministrations able of the last Judgment, our Lord whatever.

specifies particularly among all the There were in America, accord- acts the people might do to inherit ing to the census of the Depart- the Kingdom of Heaven: "I was ment of Commerce in 1923, over in prison and ye visited me." This three hundred thousand men held parable suggests a very specific as prisoners under sentence for and important responsibility on crimes or misdemeanor. A wide the part of His followers to be in- statistical study shows that about terested in those who are in the half of the prisoners in the county ,jails and prisons. jails have been convicted of crime.

Many of the great state peniten- Another half are awaiting trial, 555

unable to procure bail. Some are this way the criminal class is held as material witnesses. There formed into a compact group.

are, therefore, about 600,000 men When a million and a half are and women in American jails every thrown into such a situation every year. In addition, Dr. Hastings H. year, it is clear that here is one of Hart, of the Department of De- the great contributing conditions linquency and Penology of the to crime. .

Russell Sage Foundation, estimates Today this field is almosf" coni- that 900,000 is a very conservative pletely neglected by Christian in- figure for the number confined an- fluences. Most of our loc&l. jail,!

nually for a longer or shorter are also vermin-infested, with little period in city and village "lock- or no opportunities for men to ups." This makes about a million bathe and they must buy their own and a half people who go through soap and towels. There is almost local jails annually and come out no medical examination, in spite of marked in character and ideals. the fact that in the group are men This is one and a quarter per cent with all kinds of diseases and in- of our. entire population. fections so that it is almost impos- The young ,man, who for the first sible to exaggerate the disgusting time is charged with crime, is conditions that prevail in many of lodged in the county jail. One these jails.

would think that our socially The religious situation is equally minded groups would certainly deplorable. In many cases there bring their whole force to bear on are services on Sunday conducted a situation like this to save these by representatives of various de- "first offenders." Strange to say, nominations. Perhaps the best however, the man put in the work is done by the Christian local jail finds himself thrown with Scientists and Salvation Army.

people by no means socially- There is, however, an almost com- minded, not at all with religious plete lack of personal pastoral men; his companions are for the ministration. Here is a great re- most part the off-scouring of the sponsibility and a great oppor- city, awaiting trial, or convicted tunity for our Christian groups.

and serving sentence. They have If the first offender, at least, could nothing to do but to read maga- immediately have at his side a zines and papers, by no means up- brother who would not only visit lifting, to swap stories, to play him personally but would also be cards. Most of our jails have their the means by which his contact is cell blocks inside the buildings, maintained with the outside world where there is no fresh air and and with his relatives and family only artificial light. With neither this would be the beginning of a sunlight nor fresh air, nor work; movement to correct the failures and with degrading associates day and abuses of our present system.

after day, what can be expected as Surely in the churches there are a harvest? Christian laymen to whom young It is natural, where people are men in jail can look up, and who thrown together in this way, and can carry into their contacts the where they are deprived of better tender heart that our Lord expects.

influences, that they should make If such men would undertake at I!ssociations that are lastin~. In least to deal with the first offenders

THE MENACE OF OUR JAILS

in their jails, much could be ef- them by the jailor to make a sensafected. tional campaign to clean the jail. The condition of the jail, bad as it This is the first point for effort. may be, is not necessarily the fault It is in most places reasonably of the jailor. Even if he is persimple to get the jailor to drop an sonally incompetent, the responsiaddressed postcard to the leader in bility rests on the authority which such a group whenever a first of- appoints him. A sensational effort fender is put in jail, giving the will mean only a temporary cleanname. An immediate call ought to up. What we need is something be made. I use the word call with much more thorough and perintention. A Christian gentleman manent. We must develop in the is calling on another human soul in community a public opinion that trouble, and if he is to be success- HOW SHALL THEY SPEND THEIR TIME IN PRISON?

ful he must recognize the courtesy will not countenance any comand respect that he owes to one in munity institution in an unsanitrouble. It would be useful for tary and unnecessarily immoral these callers to make a close asso- condition. As this public opinion ciation with some mature social is developed, the improvement will worker in one of the community or- come. This is a slow method, but ganizations. A great many char- it is the only one that will succeed acter-problems require the trained in effecting a reformation. technique of a case worker. From this contact with the jail, there These men who work personally ought to be developed an apprecia- in the jail will be stirred to a wider tion of the kind of jail a commu- interest. They ought to begin the nity ought to have. practical study of the situation, go- ing further than merely acting as It is, however, almost useless for peopl~ to go into a jail and take ad- brothers to the men in the jail. vantage of the opportunities given They ought to study the arrange- ments of the county in the main-

tenance of the jail. In many This entire study ought to be counties the sheriff or jailor de- made as far as possible with the rives his own income from the sympathy of the man in charge of amount that he can save in the care the jail. If there are failures, the and feeding of the prisoners. This responsibility rests ultimately with is clearly an injustice and presents the community itself and the only all kinds of temptations. The permanent improvement will come sheriff and jailor ought to be given with a change in the attitude and a salary and a sufficient amount of state of mind of the members of money to care for the prisoners. the community.

The visitors should find out also Our effort must look further whether there is any committee of than the white-washing of dirty inspection, the state board of chari- walls. We should develop a real ties or some similar organization interest in every Christian memwhich has the right to inspect and ber of the community so that men make recommendations. It ought who are criminals may be treated to be possible if there is such a as human beings and given some committee of inspection for the stimulation of the higher ideals group to listen to a talk from some and purposes that certainly lie dormember of this committee, or to mant in at least some of them. confer with the officer responsible for the management of the jail, Sometimes I wish that we might asking questions like the follow- have a recurrence of the conditions ing: in the first century, that every min- ister of the community might be How many of the inmates are await- arrested and thrown into the local ing trial? Are there any held as witnesses? jail. I feel sure that the result How many are convicted misdemean- would be a change in the jail of the ants? community and II, permanent public How many altogether? opinion that would be nurtured How many cells are there in the jail? from the pUlpits of the churches. Is it fireproof? How many years ago was it built? This article is a cry of despair; How much money is allowed per capita for the care of the prisoners? little has been done for the im- What is the daily dietary? provement of the local jails. They Are there any children in the jail? are worse now than they were Has the jail a hospital ward? fifty years ago. They are forgot- Are all prisoners given medical exam- ten, unnoticed, ignored even by those who have that rather terrible ination immediately after commitment? statement in their Gospel: HI was Are prisoners in an infectious condi- in prison and ye visited me not." They are crushing hundreds of tion isolated from other prisoners? thousands of men every year under How often does the jail physician visit conditions that are not fit for any the jail? Are all prisoners required to bathe when first committed? Are clean blankets given each prisoner when first committed? Has the jail flush toilets?

Is there a system of parole? human being, be he criminal or Do the inmates have regular employment? saint. * How many hours do they pass in their cells? '" 'l'he writer will be glad to answer any in- How many hours together? quiries from those who want to undertake this How many hours at work? work, and he writes with the hope that some few may be moved to satisfy our Lord's de- Are there any women in the jail? mand: "I was in prison and ye visited me." If so, is there a woman in charge of Rev. Charles N. Lathrop, 281 Fourt,h Ave., New York. them? Are they employed? '

HOME MISSION

BY REV. CHARLES L. WHITE, D.D., New York Pre8ident oj the Home Missions Oouncil I N THE effort to Christianize which by missionary efforts can the peoples of the United easily be produced in the people States the Protestant forces of who have the hardihood to dare the nation are met by conditions the new and the unknown.

that have never prevailed in any The most fruitful way in which other country and which thus far we have thus far been able to minhave largely batHed the wisdom and ister to the dwellers in these negstrength of the churches and mis- lected zones is through colporteur sionary societies of the evangelical missionaries who offer for sale denominations. evangelistic literature and copies Scattered Populations of the Scriptures which they can even give away if people are not I. We have long neglected the able to pay the price. These depeople in the sparsely settled re- voted men conduct services in the gions who must be given the Gospel homes, barns and school-houses, with as much care as it is taken to and hold personal conversations those who can be more easily with those met by the wayside. reached in the more densely popu- They conserve such contacts and lated communities. The overlook- endeavor to bring these isolated ing of these people has not been people into relation with and under intentional, but it has been the in- the watch-care of churches· far evitable result of following along away. The widespread adoption lines of least resistance which have of the automobile may to a degree led us to mimster to groups of peo- not now appreciated solve the probpie who have lived in the villages, lem in part, as there would seem towns and cities. to be no reason why people inter- To reach these widely scattered ested in personal and family repopulations is still a missionary ligion should not drive twenty or problem of the first magnitude. In more miles each Sunday to a church communities where the homes are where they can have the religious widely separated, it is impossible and social advantages of the orto establish churches and in some ganized Christian community lift. cases even Sunday-schools cannot It is probabre, too, that the almost be organized, and yet it is encour- universal ownership of radio sets aging to discover that Christian already brings within the hearing men and women are quite evenly of the Gospel a great many famidistributed among the settlers in lies whose lonely lives were marked the open country. The heroism, by silence and isolation. Still after courage and initiative that are re- one has made due allowance for quired in those who push on into the possibilities of these two spirfrontier conditions in many in- itual allies of modern science, we stances are qualities which are al- are far from discovering how we ready possessed by Christians or can develop and preserve through 669

modern church life the spiritual ex- lands; laborers in logging camps periences of those whose homes are and dredging crews in the swamp miles apart in the prairie, desert, regions. These people, who must or mountain countries. But it is not be left without the Gospel, num- surprising to find how successful ber many hundreds of thousands among such people have been the and the boys and girls in these propagandists of strange cults and homes if reached and educated distorted interpretations of Chris- would go far toward leavening the tianity. Mormon missionaries do nation with the influence of the not overlook the people that live Gospel.

far apart. The Migrant People However, a study of the lives of men and women who have come II. Our wandering populations to prominence in the educational, make another gigantic missionary economic and religious life of the problem. More people are on the nation proves that a very large move from place to place in the number of them as boys and girls nation than we suppose. Farmers lived far from the centers of civi- sell their acreage when the land lization. It will be a wise man in- brings a high price and buy more deed who can discover a way to cheaply elsewhere. Others, as age care spiritually for the children advances, leave their farms and and parents and unattached men go to the smaller towns and live and women who constitute the rail- quiet lives. The people who hire road section crews that maintain these farms do so on shares and, the road-beds of our great railroad if crops are poor, pass on to new systems. Many of these live in regions that promise better things.

side-tracked box cars, in huts and Many a farmer whose children in simple homes that call forth pity have left the rural communities and sympathy from those who ob- for business in the cities or for serve them far away from towns years of educational preparation and cities. When we think of these for a life in a different world, people whom we have so long neg- clings a while to the old homestead.

lected, we remember the great Then advancing years compel him number of families and individuals to abandon the attempt and he goes who are living near or in the to live with his children. Such smaller mining communities; the generally become non-resident railroad building crews; desert church members and never get homesteaders waiting for the oft- their roots down in new communi- en long-delayed opening of irriga- ties. The abandoned farms are tion projects, some of which are either bought at a low price by n eVe r completed; oil-drilling those who wish to secure summer crews; sheep-herders and cattle- homes or they pass into too pos- men who often have their families session of people who speak an- in lonely places; canyon and moun- other language and whose presence tain dwellers; the people who have constitutes promising but difficult their homes in the sandhill grazing material for the churches with less- lands; those who live in canal ened numbers and weakened lead- boats, and dwellers along water- ership. One new family generally ways not touched by transporta- brings another of the same nation- tion; new settlers in cut-over al group and the large number of

UNSOLVED ROME M:fSSION

children among these new residents ity for the little churches that need increases educational taxes and de- their gifts and their presence. The mands fresh social adjustments. growing habit of visiting friends The young people who leave their or relatives or of camping in the homes for an education return only open over the week-end, the long for their vacations and more and trips on pleasant Sundays to the more are passing the summers in mountains or to the distant sea- travel or in work in other commu- shore, all illustrate the changes nities. When their education is that the low-priced automobile has finished, usually sever.al years thrust into the church-going hab- elapse before their homes are es- its of other days. Many retired or tablished and meanwhile they oft- prosperous people have two or en make two or three changes in more homes so that the heat and residence. cold may be avoided. Sometimes Those who join the army or navy they pass a part of each year in or enter the civil service are wan- foreign travel or in world tourR.

derers, as are sailors, teachers and The .suburban Trend preachers. Workers in the mines, in the lumber: camps, on the rail- III. The recent trend of our roads, traveling salesmen, sign restless population toward the sub- painters, explorers for minerals urban areas creates a third great and builders of pipe lines have no missionary problem for our Prot- stationary abode. We are sUrprised estant churches. In the older states to learn of the large number of the drift from rural areas to the itinerant carpenters, plumbers, cities has been proceeding for masons, roofers, barbers, book many years and probably will not agents, waiters, hotel employees, reach the crest of the movement garage men, chauffeurs and house- for another decade. The arrival hold servants. Wholesale houses, of people in the cities from the insurance, banking and other cor- rural communities particularly porations, local or interstate in during the last twenty years, has character, keep their agents away created great missionary perplex- from home much of the time, in ities, especially in view of the spite of frequent attempts to find waves of immigration from foreign convenient places of residence. The lands which have been breaking seasonal workers who harvest the simultaneously on our shores, crops or toil in canneries are mi- bringing millions of people into grants and are very difficult to these same urban areas, in which reach. The games which furnish the English-speaking churches relaxation keep people for many have been compelled to struggle to days a year away from their fire- preserve their spiritual life in sides and the time spent in com- these mingling tides of population.

mercial, fraternal, educational and The situations thus created have religious conferences and conven- brought difficulties which probably tions increases as the years pass. never have existed before in the Vacations are now the rule and a history of the Christian Church.

growing number of prosperous But these have been largely over- families have summer homes in come by the wise leadership of lay- places where there are no churches men and missionary secretaries in or where they feel no responsibil- our metropolitan areas whose ex- 4

perience has greatly assisted the in a popUlation composed of sixty or Christian leaders in smaller cities more nationalities, coming from all to plan their work sanely and with the countries of the earth. To leave high efficiency. to themselves these new suburban communities, busy with home And now when the city, state building which has mortgaged the and national missionary organiza- normal growth of family income tions have been endeavoring to for many years, without suggestreach with the Gospel the multi- ing the bUIlding of churches and tudes of newcomers in the cities assisting jn their erection in these with their better equipment and new communities, is to sit idly by modern methods of approach, sud- while paganized suburbs will indenly they are brought face to face evitably grow their baneful harwith new and trying conditions, as vests. the tides of population have turned from the cities to the suburbs. Indeed, this highly complicated problem, which is created by the This latest drift in population increasing number of removals of has been stimulated by automo- people from the cities to the nearer biles and rapid train service for and more distant unchurched subcommuters in recent years, and also by the Building and Loan As- urbs, has been well described by sociations which .make possible the Dr. Charles H. Sears, of New York, erection of homes on long-time pay- who remarked before the Baptist ments on low-priced land. Great Associated Home Mission Agencies numbers of young married people that a paganized suburb is as danby this means now live in the open gerous to our social life as a festercountry, and have flowers, vegeta- ing slum. ble gardens, playgrounds for the children, domestic animals, birds, These three out of many home squirrels and other wild creatures mission problems which the Protabout, as well as all the education- estant denominations of the United al and social necessities of family States and Canada are facing, are life. All these mutations in a homo- being studied with meticulous care geneous population would be per- by the missionary agencies repreplexing, but the problems increase senting the twenty-eight denomiin interest and difficulty of solution nations associated in the Home when these changes are going on Missions Council, and their solu- tion draweth nigh.

THOUGHTS FOR THE THOUGHTFUL "A man may be a blot or a blessing, but a blank he cannot be." "Let us fail in trying to do something rather than fail sitting still and doing nothing." "Doing nothing for others is the undoing of one's self." "Only consistent and cheerful giving keeps the soul from shrinking." "God will not look you over for medals, degrees, and diplomas, but for scars in likeness to His Son."

HOME AND FAMILY OF MR. KAJIMA, A JAPANESE LAWYER IN

THE ORIENTALS IN AMERICA BY REV. GEORGE WARREN HINMAN, D.D., New York secretary oJ Oriental and Spanish-Spea.kilng Missions, American Missionary A88()c-iaticm AMERICANS have only recent- Accepting the need of immigra- ly wakened to the dangers tion restriction, one must acknowl- of an immigration cultural- edge that Oriental immigrants ly different from Anglo-Saxon have suffered peculiar hardship in standards. We hoped to maintain the working out of a social con- a homogeneous nation. But the trol through the quota law. Sixty South and then the Pacific Coast years ago the Irish and forty years and then the East, in response to ago the Italians provided a text economic demands, began to im- for those who feared a loss of port cheap labor, and our cultural American cultural standards. But ideals began to fade. speedy naturalization of European The coming of Chinese, Japa- immigrants gave them the same nese, Hindus and Filipinos to Ha- status as American-born, while the waii and Continental United States Orientals, under the statute of was encouraged by interests which 1790, were not admitted to natu- thought largely in terms of man ralization. They are not "white power and overlooked social con- persons," according to various sequences. As a result we first court decisions. Being refused began to doubt the wisdom of mak- American citizenship, the Orientals ing America the refuge of the poor are discouraged from cultural as- and oppressed and to question the similation, with the result that Chi- efficacy of the "melting-pot." nese communities are the most 663

alien sections in our American life. public schools, welcomed at the bal- Under the handicap of their po- lot-box, and to a limited extent given an economic opportunity, is litical status and specially isolated the largest factor in the assimilaby the distinctive character of Ori- tion of the Orientals in America. ental customs there has never- Three in ten among the 62,000 Chitheless been much assimilation, nese in Continental United States particularly among the Japanese. are American-born and have the Prejudice and unwise missionary inalienable rights of an American methods have added to the difficul- citizen. Four out of fifteen among ties. But the social conditions in the 111,000 Japanese are Amerithe few large segregated Oriental can-born, although few of them are communities in New York, Chica- yet old enough to vote. In Hawaii, go, and San Francisco, though still the proportion of American-born is much higher. More than half of A BUDDHIST TEMPLE IN FRESNO, the Chinese in Hawaii and forty- CALIFORNIA five per cent of the Japanese are American citizens. Including Havery unsatisfactory, are steadily waii with Continental United improving. States, thirty-six per cent of the Chinese and thirty-five per cent of Thrown back upon themselves the Japanese in America are the Oriental groups have felt com- Americans. pelled to maintain their own cultural traditions and their contacts The economic position of the with the mother country, to which Chinese and Japanese in the life a large number have eventually re- of America is not so satisfactory. turned. Much of the new spirit in The effort to secure a permanent China and Japan and the Western- cheap labor group, especially for ization of the Orient is due to the agriculture, was not successful. returned Oriental emigrants, not The Chinese have almost wholly, alone students, but merchants and and the Japanese to a considerable laborers as well, and to their finan- extent, .escaped the status of day cial backing of new social changes. laborers, often in seasonal occupa- The second generation Oriental, tions, for which they were originborn in America, educated in our ally recruited. Only a sma II proportion still remain in house service. They all want their own little business and make it success- ful.

The religious situation is the worst. We have tried to do re- ligious work among Orientals in America without considering the social and economic implications. Even the most consecrated mis- sionaries in Chinese Sun d a y- schools and other religious enter- prises for Orientals have been com- promised by a popular attitude which denied to the Chinese and

THE ORIENTALS IN AMERICA

Japanese what Christianity prom- cestors and prayers for good luck. ised them. The devotion of those Elaborate public funerals, with diswho persisted in spite of this hand- play on an open platform of roast icap is commendable. But why pig, fruits and wine, and the inhave we not seen the inadequacy cantations of a Taoist priest, are of a Christian effort which left now rarely seen, though a Chinese them "boys," and aliens and social pariahs? Patronage and parasit- FOR GOOD OR FOR EVIL ? THE BELLE ism were often the result in con- OF 'rHE DISTRICT tacts with the small number of Orientals reached by American funeral still shows more evidence Christians. of religious influence than any oth- er custom likely to come to the Most of the Japanese in America notice of Americans. "Joss sticks" are nominally Buddhists, and most are still sold, and occasionally one of the Chinese are very little con- sees the paper money as an offercerned about any religion. J apa- ing to the spirit of the dead. But nese have several fine Buddhist religion plays a relatively small temples, in Seattle, San Francisco, part in the community life of the Los Angeles, Fresno, Salt Lake City, Honolulu and other centers of Japanese population. There are also a few Shinto shrines in the United States, at Los Angeles and Honolulu. Beside providing a place for ritual services, weddings and funerals, the Buddhist institution in the United States is a social and recreation center, often has a preaching service and has in connection a Y. M. B. A. to match the Y. M. C. A. Though the moral and social control of the Japanese in the United States through the Buddhist temples is undoubtedly of value, yet the presence of these institutions of an alien religion is an important factor in anti-Japanese feeling.

Many of the Chinese temples, so-called "joss-houses," are kept up to exploit tourist curiosity, quite as much as to give opportunity for worship. In San Francisco and New York they are part of the program of the sight-seeing busses, whose "visit to Chinatown" is surrounded with a great deal of artificial glamor. A good deal of Chinese worship is done in the home, and means reverence for an-

Chinese in America. Family so- ton. The Hindu immigration was cieties, clubs representing a cer- almost exclusively of men, and tain district, business organizations moral conditions among the groups and the more dangerous "tongs" of seasonal Hindu laborers seem are the agencies of social control to have been specially bad. There in the Chinese communities, ex- was a strong anti-British feeling tending their authority in a sur- among them brought from their prising way over scattered in- native country, and this with the dividual Chinese all over the other conditions of their life in United States. the United States made them pe- culiarly difficult to reach with any The twenty-five hundred Hindus Christian influences. Apparently reported in the 1920 census are large numbers have returned to India since 1920. A small number LEE HONG. A CHINESE CHRISTIAN of Koreans, about twelve hundred, TEACHER are reported for Continental Unit- ed States by the census, living largely Sikhs, with a distinctive mostly in San Francisco, Los Anand relatively high type of reli- geles and the San Joaquin Valley. gion. They had a temple at Stock- There are nearly five thousand in ton, California, and another at Hawaii. Vancouver, B r i tis h Columbia. Very many of the Hindus were There has been a considerable employed in building the Western immigration of Filipinos, especial- Pacific Railroad, and later settled ly since the restriction on the comin the upper Sacramento and the ing of Japanese. The 1920 census Imperial Valleys in California, reports twenty-one thousand in some securing ranches of their Hawaii and fifty-six hundred in own and employing their fellow Continental United States, mostly countrymen in raising rice and cot- in California. Many Filipino young men have scattered widely over the United States, often in hotel service, while the families have remained on the Pacific Coast in agriculture, sugar beets, etc. The number of Filipinos in Ha- waii and in Continental United States has probably largely in- creased since 1920.

The fact that Filipinos are Christians, while other Orientals are so-called "heathen," influences the mental attitudes of many peo- ple, though it is probable that mor- al standards of Chinese and Japanese living under normal so- cial conditions in the United States compare favorably with those of European immigrants. There is no ground for the charges of un- usual social depravity among Ori-

THE ORIENTALS IN AMERICA

entals except where some special in the United States from the very conditions, for which we ourselves beginning. In 1852, William Speer are largely responsible, have shut began work for Chinese in San them off from legitimate recrea- Francisco with the support of the tion and family life. The statement Presbyterian Foreign Board, and years ago to a Congressional com- the following year organized a mittee that the Chinaman had no church with four Chinese consoul, and another made very re- verted before they came here, one cently by a member of Congress of them a brother-in-law of Morhimself that he had never known a rison's disciple, Leung A-fah. Otis Japanese who was either honest or Gibson began work for the Methmoral, are rio more than the evi- odists in 1868, and William C. dence of a blind prejudice. Pond for the Congregationalists in 1870. Baptists and Congregation- However, the abnormal social alists had both begun Chinese mis- sion work much earlier, but not conditions of Oriental communities till 1870 did they establish a perin Continental United States, with manent and continuous work. only one woman to sixteen men among foreign-born Chinese, helps Chinese mission work has varied one to understand the smuggling in type from the individual instrucof Chinese slave girls, their sale tion in beginning English to the for thousands of dollars from one normally organized church with a owner to another, and the tong large institutional program, inwars which spring from such a cluding dormitory and recreation- al facilities, employment bureau, nefarious traffic. Parasitic occu- medical advice and help, social pations, like seIling lottery tickets clubs, Boy Scouts, dramatics and and running gambling houses, forums, as well as religious work in have attractions for men who are the Sunday-school, wee k-day shut out of most ordinary ways of classes and daily vacation Bible earning a living. It is natural to spend time in a gambling house, schools. Unfortunately, many of the when neither family life nor public institutions offer to the Oriental Christian undertakings for Chi- nese in the United States have nevany other form of recreation. If er gone beyond the simplest the moral conditions of Oriental elementary stage, partly because communities are bad, it is because there was a constantly changing the social conditions are abnormal. group of pupils, and partly because The establishment of family life, there was little expert direction by with proper housing, now very gen- Americans with missionary traineral among Japanese, and slowly ing in China and little development increasing among the Chinese in of Chinese initiative and leaderthe United States, with the grow- ship. Japanese, Korean and Filiing influence of the second genera- pino mission work began on a tion Oriental, will in time end the different basis, at a much later un-American conditions of our Ori- date and with a larger background ental communities, provided edu- of Christian development in the cational and religious agencies home lands. Christian work among wisely and adequately meet this these groups is, therefore, much opportunity. better developed than among the There has been a large amount of Christian work among Orientals

Chinese settlements in America. guage schools. When conducted A directory of all Christian in- under Buddhist or commercial stitutions for Orientals in the auspices, these schools may become United States, including Hawaii, un-American in their influence.

and Canada, has been issued by But without them the break be- the Home Missions Council and tween children born in the United Council of Women for Home Mis- States and parents born in the Ori- sions, and includes addresses of ent would be much more of a prob- churches, mISSIons or Sunday lem than it is now. For this schools for Chinese, numbering reason Christian work among Ori- 289, Japanese 162, Koreans 50, entals, when based on a sympa- Filipinos 33, and Hindus 1. No thetic understanding of their needs, figures are avaible as to the total usually includes the language number of Christians among Ori- school, where the Bible and the entals in the United States. An hymns can be taught in Chinese earlier edition of the Oriental Mis- and Japanese. Often adults who sions Directory, listing only mission have spent many years in the Unit- work west of the Rockies, reported ed States study the written lan- 3,072 members of Chi n e S e guage in these schools so that they churches, 5,390 Japanese, and 514 may be fitted for Christian service Korean. when they return to their native Some very encouraging union country.

enterprises have been developed From the very beginning, there among the Japanese, and the edu- have been some Christians among cational work of the Chinese the immigrants from China, Japan, churches in San Francisco has been Korea and the Philippines. It is united. Only a few denomination- said that when Neesima, the found- al churches for Orientals have be- er of Doshisha University, stopped come self-supporting, but there are over Sunday at Rock Springs, several independent Chinese and Wyoming, many years ago he Japanese churches. Rescue homes found no American church but was for Chinese slave girls, dormitories able to read the Bible and pray for Japanese women, for Chinese with some Christian Chinese and Japanese men, orphanages, among the large mining commu- day nurseries and kindergartens, nity there. A very large propor- as well as Chinese and Japanese tion of the Koreans who have come Y. M. C. A.'s and Y. W. C. A.'s, to the United States are Christians, have been organized in response to and trained Christian workers increased emphasis On the social have come with them or to them side of the work. from their own land. .

A distinctive feature of the Ori- Relations between the Japanese ental churches is the language in the United States and the Chris- school, where Chinese and J apa- tian churches in Japan have from nese children are taught the lan- the beginning provided initiative guage of their parents, usually and responsible leadership and a after public school hours. There pattern of normal Christian or- has been much criticism of this ganization. The reactions have work, and both Hawaii and Cali- been mutual. Many of the leaders fornia passed laws to examine and of the Christian churches in Japan, regu,late thl'l private Oriental lan- laymen and ministers, have been

THE ORIENTALS IN AMERICA

trained in service in the Japanese very large financial and moral supchurches in the United States, port of the new order in their home while Kimura, Kanamori, and country, there has been a very con- Harada have made frequent cam- siderable number of strong Chrispaigns for evangelism and under- tian Chinese leaders who have standing among the J apanesehere. visited and encouraged the Chinese in the United States. The missions for Chinese in the United States have had, until very The Chinese churches and misrecently, exceedingly limited con- sions in the United States have tacts with the Christian movement sent back to China hundreds of in China. At rare intervals, a mis- men who have become leaders besionary who could speak their dia- cause of their Christian faith, Dr.

THE JAPANESE UNION CHURCH OF LOS ANGELES leet (they are practically all Fong Sec, Rev. Young Park and Cantonese) visited the churches devoted laymen who have changed and Sunday schools. The Chinese the whole character of remote vilstudents in our American schools lages by the message they brought were generally from other prov- back from the United States. Such inces in China, and until lately men are now coming back on visits took little interest in the Chinese to the Chinese groups in America, merchants and laborers. As a re- often to secure financial help for sult, dependence on American and good enterprises in China, but inon denominational leadership was cidentally putting a new spirit into almost universal. The last few the Chinese Christians here which years, as a result of the national will necessitate a revision of the solidarity developed by the revolu- "unequal treaties" under which tion in China and the acknowledged much of the old Chinese mission obligation to Chinese abroad for work has been carried on.

A KIOWA INDIAN'S

M AMADA'S family came out to our car, and one of the In- dians said, "Brother King you must not go farther tonight, Mamada has been in great distress of mind for three days and he wants to be a Christian."

We went into the house and after supper I read from the Acts the account of Cornelius sending for Peter. Mamada listened intently and when prayer had been offered, he said that for more than a month the Spirit had been speaking to him. For the past three days and nights he could not eat or sleep well because of this voice. For a long time he had known that he ought to be a Christian; now he wanted to ask the Lord to save him.

"All these years," said Mamada, "I have been like a horse that could not be caught. Many things have come up to hinder me from being a Christian, but I have said that if the Holy Spirit should speak to me I would be a Christian. The Holy Spirit has been speaking to me and I want to obey. I have called you Christians to my home to tell you of this and to ask you to pray for me. I want to become an example to my children. I want my children to follow Jesus. My heart was touched more than a month ago and the struggle has been going on all this time until I cannot stand it any longer. I must tell you Christians that somebody has been praying for me and now that prayer is answered. I listened to the Gospel a long time but did not come to Christ. Now I believe in the Lord with all my life and heart. I want to be baptized. I believe and I want to pray."

Then Mamada prayed in his Kiowa tongue, a prayer for the forgiveness of sins. After this prayer he continued: "It has been a great battle within me. It has seemed as if some one was after me with a very sharp spear. But now the fight is over. Before this meeting I always tried to get out of difficulties the shortest way but every time something headed me off. Now I am out and saved. I believe I am already saved. Maybe your prayers did it. I want my Brother King to help me in this Christian life. I am wondering why I did not become a Christian a long time ago. In the years that have passed, many have talked with me about being a Christian and I put off saying that when I felt the Holy Spirit I would come. Now I am going to try to live up to the teachings of the Word of God. The Lord is very strong. I promise the Lord that I will live for Him."

Before this time Mamada had been praying to false gods, but now he prayed Jo the true God. That night he confessed Christ as his Saviour and we arranged for his baptism the next day. The Christian Indians stayed with him till late into the night to pray and give thanks.-F. L. King.

570

UNFINISHED HOME MISSION

BY REV. WARREN H. WILSON, D.D., New York Director oj Town and Country Depa.rtmcntj Bowrd oj National Missions} Presbyterian Church} U. 8. A.

C ONSIDERING Home Mis- U. S. A. nine tenths of our congre- sions as a whole, there is evi- gations were missions at the be- dence that the Boards need ginning-must still carry the to be released from a burden of church by paying its pastor a grant supporting pastors, in order that many years after it was estabthey may direct their attention to lished. 0 f the Presbyterian missionary extension, to the evan- churches 37.7 per cent are still gelizing of the alien and the aided; and of the rural churches un – Christian communities. In three out of every eight receive administrative costs, necessitated grants in aid. Of the Protestant by outworn methods, some Boards Episcopal churches 36.4 per cent are spending an amount almost are aided, and 48 per cent of the equal to that expended on mission- rural Episcopal churches are aided. aries. From this burden the Of Northern Baptist churches only Boards of Home Missions should 16% are aided, and 17% of rural be released. churches. Of the Presbyterian The unfinished task of Home funds paid in grants, 71 % is paid Missions therefore is national administration of the salaries of in- to the pastors of native white constalled pastors. The support of gregations. country pastors, in churches which are no longer missionary, is the The nature of the problem of burden upon the Boards of Home the Home Boards is indicated by Missions from which they cannot the fact that in the Presbytebe released so long as there is no rian Church, as Dr. Herman N. administration created by the de- Morse has discovered, the propornomination as a whole. tion of aided churches is about the same during the past hundred The heaviest load to be borne by years. In other words, the Presa denomination is the salary pay- byterian denomination does not ments to pastors. The next great bring its churches to self-support, cost is usually paid by the commu- but the National Missions organinity, namely, the cost of erecting zation has to carry year after year houses of worship. the load of supporting the churches once established. There is not suf- The history of American Prot- ficient money retained in country estant churches shows that in coun- communities or in the down-town try communities and in downtown parts of citi~s to support the gospel sections of the cities the congre- ministry. This condition is shown gation is unable to pay the salary by Dr. C. Luther Fry of the Instiof the pastor. Exceptions are so few that the Boards of Home mis- tute of Social and Religious Resions w hie h established the search in the statement that only churches in the vast majority of cases-in the Presbyterian Church 9% of the Presbyterian churches aided in 1925 had been organized in 1920-25, which were the five 571

years just prior to his study. More The end attained by this method than one half the Presbyterian is a business system suitable to the aided churches he studied in 1925 industrial system of the time in had been in existence for over which we live. It would stabilize twenty-five years, that is, Presby- the pastor's salary by making the terian Home Missions funds in whole denomination his guarantor 1925 were carrying at least one during the time of his service. It half their load composed of non- would steady the local church by missionary congregations. . requiring it to take part in a sys- My proposal is that this load of tem of banking. It would put the regular pastoral salary expenditure biggest cost borne by the Protes- should be administered by the de- tant churches on the basis of busi- nomination as a whole, or at least ness payment, and thus would or- nationally. To do so would release ganize "consecration of wealth"

Home Missions funds for the evan- about which we talk so much. A gelization of the Indians, about one systematic obligation would take half of whom are still pagan, and the place of benevolences, in those of the Negroes who are very poor, payments for which the churches and the churches among aliens. are already responsible in con- One commuhity in seven in rural tracts with their pastors: only the United States is now without a denomination, or at least the Cen- Protestant church. Very few of tral Fund, would be the adminis- these country communities have trator of the obligation undertaken Catholic churches, since the Cath- by the people.

olic church centers in the cities. There is good evidence that Here then is the Home Missions many Protestants prefer to pay in task, to release the Boards for this this manner to a going concern, kind of work by freeing them even more than they desire to pay from the burden of pastors' sal- to a missionary experiment or a aries in nearly one half the coun- venture. The gain, however, would try churches and the downtown be that individual Christians would churches of cities. pay to what they prefer. Those This can be accomplished by a who desire to contribute to mis- national fund for the equalization sions would have their monies ex- of pastors' salaries. This fund pended upon missions alone.

shall undertake to pay to every The great purpose of this under- pastor the "interchangeable part" taking is to set free the Boards of of all salaries of pastors, namely, Home Missions for purely mission- the first $1,000. In return the con- ary work. American missions is gregation of the pastor so sub- an adventure. It involves the tak- sidized shall pay to the fund a ing up of new work, the entrance fixed quota, according to its ability, into new territory, presenting the determined in a uniform manner. Gospel to those who have it not. It The congregation shan also agree is in strong contrast to the other that the pastor shall receive a sal- kinds of work with which the ary, the minimum of which shall Boards are today burdened, not be- be, let us say, $2,000 in a country cause the support of pastors is less church, $2,500 in a city church. worthy, but because it is not "Mis- This amount shall include the sions." The great gain to Amer- grant from the fund. ican religion in restoring the mis-

THE UNFINISHED HOME MISSION TASK

sionary motive by defining it more nominational headquarters atclearly in terms of joyous and con- tempting to control. It is only fair secrated adventure, far from home to say that the Pension Funds among alien peoples, is the spiritual established now in several denomend to be sought in this proposal. inations are of this sort, and the budget system so generally ex- Incidental gains are of high tended during the past two decades value. First, this undertaking will in American Protestant churches probably do more to bring about looks toward a system of adminiscooperation, or perhaps fusion in tration as its ultimate end. whole or in part between kindred denominations. It is quite possible Pioneer Missionaries that the discussion of it may bring to pass a union of churches in One is sometimes asked whether many country communities. The there are any old-fashioned home goal of a well-supported ministry missionaries any more. My answer would be a gain for the local com- to this inquiry is that the Presbymunity, which might decide the terian Board is supporting about argument in favor of having one five or six hundred home missionchurch instead of three. aries who are doing the same kind of pioneer work as was done a cen- Second, there would be a great tury ago. They are preachers and reduction in administrative cost pastors in new communities estabnow imposed on the Boards of lished every year in the states of Home Missions, because the pay- the Northwest, South and Southment of uniform quantities of west, where settlement is still exmoney is less costly than the pay- tending. They are Sunday-school ment of thousands of grants, each missionaries who have a wide unique, each requiring conference range in the mining and forest of highly trained minds. country, organizing schools and fostering them in the hope that Third, a great gain to the Amer- they will become churches of some ican Church would be the decen- denomination. They are lumber tralizing of administration. A camp missionaries following the secretary and a skilled treasurer itinerant loggers into the forest. can payout uniform amounts by Their story, if it could be kept bethis method because the local con- fore the mind of church people and gregation must make the decision. read in the spirit of land-seeking adventure, which moved the nation Now the Protestant denominations sixty years ago, would be a thrillare straining to administer their ing tale. funds from Board headquarters, and the local church is either com- A great obstacle to Home Mispelled to accept their decisions or sions is the diversion of the attento rebel. tion of church people from mis- sionary adventure to the conserva- Last of all this method must be tion of what we have. The latter established by denominational ac- is perhaps of greater worth to the tion in order that all parties shall missionary enterprise, for no adconsent to the system. Thus by venture is without an element of establishing a kind of bank, in experiment, while standing by which obligations would rule in- what we have and holding our stead of "benevolences," the local church would manage its own financial affairs instead of the de-

ground where we have conquered on the denominations as a whole or the ground is properly respected upon some interdenominational by the religious mind. If this in- agency for maintaining the estabterest of conserving what we have lished work, then they would be were committed to a fund for the free to undertake the conclusion of maintaining of the ministry, then the Home Mission task in evanwe would be free to follow the gelizing the rest of the country. It homesteader in such states as is a doubly difficult task and the Wyoming and Montana. There I Boards need funds greater in proam told more homesteads were portion than they did in the past granted in the decade beginning 1915 than in any previous ten to complete it. The mission station years. There are more Mexicans opened now in a Montana or coming in and across the border Wyoming settlement is more costly. at El Paso than before. Their in- It requires a more elaborate and vasion is extending throughout the more permanent investment. The whole country, especially are they preacher used to be welcomed in an penetrating the Middle West as a empty store or even in a tolerant new labor ,class. Many of them saloon. Now he cannot make an will remain permanently in the impression suitable to the estab- United States. They are eager for lished Protestant church which he Americanization and evangelists represents without the cooperation find them quickly responsive to the of other helpers, such as women offer of the Gospel. assistants; in some cases a trained nurse assistant; in some cases an Unchurched Rural Communities assistant in religious education. The Larger Parish is a method ac- The surveys made and published cepted by leading Protestant deby the Institute of Social and Re- nominations in mission work. It ligious Research disclosed in 1923 is necessary partly because a that there are in the United States change in religious idealism re- 10,461 country communities with no church in any of them; that is, quires it. The Gospel must not only any Protestant church. Inasmuch be preached; it must be demonas the Catholic churches are deliberately placed in towns and strated to persons settling new cities, it is probable that these country. communities have no church whatever. The second difficulty in complet- Here is the Home Missions task. ing the National Missions tasks is It has not been finished in the past in the recruiting of workers. The five years, for the Protestants have time was when the settlement of not been expanding; they have the West was in the minds of all been rather contracting their ac- men. Now their appetite for sentivities in this half decade. The sation is satisfied with aviation. difficulties in any great enterprises The grandfather marveled at Kit increase as one approaches its con- Carson; he prayed for and supclusion. The Home Boards have ported Sheldon Jackson. The been burdened with the very suc- grandson marvels at Lindbergh cesses they have attained. If they and he spends his money in seeing could unload this their success up- a moving picture by Tom Mix. There are earnest and consecrated recruits for Home Missions but they require a permanent employ-

ment. TMy are willing to enlist that supports him. He is willing but it must be for life, and they to be sustained by benevolences expect the wealthy Protestant and he rejoices in generous imchurches to equip them and sustain them as generously and as com- pulses. But a pastor has the pride fortably as they would be equipped of permanence. He serves a church in the teaching profession. This that knows not only how to give– its benevolences are well mainis quite reasonable for a United tained; but he and his people know States so rich as ours, with com- how to keep their contracts and to munication so swift to every re- pay what they owe. mote section of the land. If America is sincere in professions of The whole missionary enter- Christianity it should sustain its prise at home and abroad needs the "workers well in their ministry to support of a broader home base. the poor and to the lonely and the The body of Christian people must struggling settlers of the land. be steadied and united in support of the enterprise of giving the Gos- I do not mention the downtown pel to the world. The weaker city problem, for it would belong, churches that have ceased long I think, under the care of the Cen- since to be missionary are just as tral Fund. It should be adminis- eager to get into that enterprise as tered not as mission work but as the stronger ones are, but they are pastoral service. The cities are, confused by their assignment to a however, extending in the suburbs, lower class when they are called and the mi!!sionary problem of "missionary," while yet they are cities is the erection of Protestant required to do the steady maintain- ing rather than the joyous advenchurches in the wards or real- turing. They realize that someestate projects allocated to one de- thing is wrong. The work in these nomination or another. Here is churches is out of joint. It is disthe Home Mission problem of the couraging to ministers. The offuture. For the provision of resi- ficers of the weaker churches are dent pastors among these urban confused and disillusioned by the settlers large funds are needed in the hands of Home Mission Boards contradictions involved in the and Committees. process.

I may make my assertion clear The money is in America. These by contrasting with this mission- churches and their people have ary work the substantial service of much to do with its creation. They pastors in the home churches. The know it is concentrating in cities pastor is not a missionary; first, in the hands of a few, every year because he stays and continues the work already begun. He is sec- of a fewer of our people. They ondly, not an adventurer but a man require as sanction of their share of routine. Third, the pastor is consciously and deliberately a sup- in the task of the whole Church to porter of the whole enterprise of evangelize the world that there be the Church, while the missionary in the Church an equalizing of is consciously and joyfully a dependent. No true missionary feels pastors' salaries. If the Home ashamed of begging. He does not Boards could be free from the load object to the mendicant process of supporting these marginal churches, and the financial" prob- lem of the whole communion could be banked – as all other financial

matters of this country are organ- quires a consecrated attention to ized-upon a big basis, nationally, the glory of God. Hitherto Home they would be free to take their Mission work has been largely traplace, and would greatly increase ditional. A process of granting by their contributions to all forms of a year at a time has characterized missionary activity. Long pas- the Boards of Home Missions. torates of educated and respected Very few of them have adopted ministers in the churches of middle any administrative measures of a grade would enlarge the contribu- high order. Almost universally tions of churches to the cause. they pay a grant, reduced to the lowest amount, and they promise it There are two great considera- for the shortest possible time, tions which support this proposal. namely, a year. The reason is that First, if the greater churches are no consecrated attention has ever' to be united, as the Methodist and been given to the problem as a Presbyterian, it will be necessary whole. Only a profound religious to avoid the piling up of expensive conviction will complete the Home administration. Every recent con- Mission task, so well begun and so solidation has resulted in increased devoutly carried on, with symproportionat.e expense. pathy and benevolent impulse-a conviction thoroughly wrought in The second consideration is that the form of a national administrathe proposal I am making is a re- tion to conserve the best work and ligious one. It cannot be consid- to release the benevolent spirit for ered except in terms of devotion to the Home Mission task. the Master, in the greatest of the interests of the Kingdom. It re- THE AMERICAN INDIAN SPEAKS BY CATHERINE CULNAN Mr ydidGondo, taknndotwhewwhheirtee man's GHoidm, .areroonnelyankdnethwe same. to find that some- where, in the sun, or the moon, or the stars, or in the big wind blowing over me, The Father Spirit was.

Many white men came to me who did not know God any better than 1. They drove me off the land The Father Spirit had given me. When I sought to revenge myself, they forced my people into submission. We did not understand each other. And so we hated each other with a deadly hatred.

Other white men came who were different. They came not to rob or to destroy me. They were ambassadors of the Son of The Great Spirit. There was no fear in their faces, nor any hatred.

They smiled in the language of friendship, and made signs that told me, "We are brothers."

They told me that the Son of the Great Spirit had come and taught them, and had sent them to me.

I do not live any longer as those who have no hope.

I sit quietly at the door of my hogan, and look across the . changing desert to the great hills of God.

-Women and Missions.

CHILDREN'S MISSIONARY RAL- urday after,noon is chosen that will

LIES-WHY AND BOW1 not confiictwith othel' functions of··' By MRS. JOHN H. MILLS, Garden City, New York geneJ;:al interest, such as· girl and boy.: scout rani.es, or JQnior·C.: E. conven- . Secretary for OhHdren'g Work in the Brook! thins.· The dlite settled;i We·decide up~ l,ynv Na8sau Presbytery on a church centrally.·'locatetl, acces– Today our chi1dren have their own sible to all groups, and after'the offi- cial boards have promised thl! use of:'

mission objects, Foreign and Home; the church building for that date, we'

their own apportionments for their request the woman's missionary so- share in supporting their objects; ciety to appoint a committee to serve their own' annual thank offering and light refreshments during the social theit oWrttnission study topics, just hour, to plan for pianist, song leader, like -{yoman's societies. Why should and boy ushers. A committee of two they' hOt have also their own conven- is appointed to figure percentages of tiort and rallies, where they may carry delegations for attendance awards.

out their own programs, review their We ask the minister of the church to achievements, hear messages from reserve the date, if possible, and be their missionaries, bring in their ready to pronounce the benediction.

thank offering, talk about their plans This enlists his interest and assures for the coming year and greet their his presence. Our ministers should fellow-workers, as the older folks do? know what the children are doing and Why not? If rallies for young peo- what an. asset they can be, if organpIe and intermediates are good, should ized for service.

we not start right with the smaller While these details are being ar- children and begin to train them now ranged,. we take a survey of our field for future service and leadership? and prepare. our mailing lists. The How can we do it? In Brooklyn- leaders of all organized societies are Nassau Presbytery, New York, the se- on the permanent.,list, but for our ral- cret of success, in planning our annual lies we include Sunday-schools where children's missionary (world-friend- there is no organized children's mis- ship) rl111y, is in encouraging the chil- sionary work. We seek to have every dren to consider it their affair alto- church under our jurisdiction repre- gether. With the help of their lead- sented by a delegation· of children, and ers, they are taught to be responsible we suggest that potential leaders be for tlie delegations, program, singing, sent with them; with the hope that, and other items, even to the home- after they have felt the influence and ward carrying of the' attendance ban- inspiration of the rally, they will wish ners by the two winning societies. to organize societies in'their churches.

This means patient, persistent effort We try to find a "key person" in each on the part of the children's secre- church with whom correspondence taries, who carefully plan and prepare, may be established. By making. our then step aside and let the children rally the center' of the year's activi- themselves do the work. ties, we are constantly in communica- Several weeks before the appointed tion with all our churches and Jearn time we select the rally date. A Sat- promptly of changes in leadership, dis- 577 5

banded or leaderless groups and newly awarded to the societies (1) with the organized societies. largest delegation of active members present, and (2) with the highest per- Preliminary announcements are centage of members present. It is emsent to all leaders, asking them to re- phasized that all ~hildren are invited serve the date and to begin planning to our World-Friendship Rally, but for their delegations. In the outlying only organized societies may compete districts many arrange auto parties for the banners. These banners are for this happy afternoon, asking fa- held for one year, then are brought thers and good friends to bring their back to be again awarded. Should cars, fill them with children and make two societies tie, each of the winning a jolly excursion of it. With this ad- groups keeps the banner for six vance announcement, samples of the months. There is a ruling that a soprinted song sheets to be used at the ciety may not be awarded the same rally are enclosed, asking the leaders banner more than two consecutive to use in their meetings the ones years, but may compete for the other checked as rally songs. The song one. sheets are helpful but not necessary. Hymns familiar to the children and A child with loud, clear voice is found in all hymn books may be spec- chosen to give the roll call, asking the ified. The idea is that the children societies to give (1) number of memshall be practising them in advance as bers, (2) number of members present. rally songs: This is checked behind the scenes by the award committee. We endeavor Next in order comes the sending of to have the rules fair to all and thorletters to the groups chosen to be re- oughly understood, and every precausponsible for definite features of the tion is taken to avoid error or misunprogram. This is planned with the derstanding. thought of having as many groups represented as possible, delegations The only adults to appear on the from the societies which participate in program are these: (1) The missionthe program being assured. In the ary speaker who is, if possible, somesalutes to the flags, for instance, we one directly connected with one of our ask two societies to take their places children's special objects, gives a talk on the platform, one to be responsible limited to twenty minutes. (2) The for holding the flag, the other to lead children's secretary gives greetings, the salute. The thank-offering is di- reviewing briefly the accomplishments vided equally between two previously of prayer, work and gifts for the year. announced children's objects, Foreign She gives messages from the chiland Home. Before the offering is dren's missionaries on the field, and taken, representatives from two soci- presents goals for the coming year. eties present these objects. After the (3) One of the associate children's offering, another delegation repeats or secretaries .awards attendance bansings the prayer of dedication. The ners.' (4) The pastor gives the benewelcome is given by a child of the entertaining church, a member of the diction. missionary group if there is one, and Of course, back of it all lies the the features on the program are announced by a child. cooperation of consecrated leaders of local groups, who stimulate the enthu- Two weeks before the "great day" siasm of the children and encourage another set of notices is dispatched, them in preparing their parts on the this time including the Sunday- program. schools where there is no organized work, giving a definite announcement Following is one program used-it of place and time, the attractions of may be varied and adapted as desired. the program, speaker and subject, and of the two attendance banners to be 1. Welcome. 2. Salute to Christian Flag. 3. Bible Lesson. 4. Prayer Service.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

5. Devotional Song or Solo. know that the children of ….. . 6. Roll Call. and the children of America are 7. Greeting from Children's Secre- such good friends. That is why we are here today, because we tary. want to be the friends of all the 8. Offering Service. children of the world! Our at- 9. Missionary Sketch or Pageant. tendance banners will now be 10. Rally Song. awarded by ………….. As- 11. Missionary Talk. sociate Secretary for Children's 12. Award of Banners. Work. 13. Resolutions. 13. Before we close our program, 14. Salute to American Flag. surely we want to thank the 15. Rally Song; America the Beauti- friends of ………… who so kindly invited us to hold our ful. Rally in this Church; the 16. Benediction. ushers, the committees, Miss ………. , and all who have This program was sent to the child- worked to give us this interest- ing, happy afternoon. Shall we announcer in the following form, to be give them a rising vote of thanks? partly memorized and given as easily 14, 15 and 16. The last number on our program is the Salute to the and naturally as possible: American Flag, led by ……. . and …………… After the 1. The first number on our program Salute we will remain standing is a Welcome, given by ……. . and sing Rally Song No.1, '" ……….. of ……….. . America the Beautiful, and then Dr. .. ………….. , pastor of 2. Salute to the Christian Flag, led this Church, will dismiss us with by ………… and …….. . the benediction.

3. The Bible Lesson will be in charge During the get-together time, while of ………… and ……… . the children are enjoying their little "party," the leaders gather around the 4. Our Prayer Service will be led by tables where samples of handwork and mission study books and materials are ……………… displayed. There is a plentiful supply of free literature, posters, etc., de- 5. Song; The Lord's Prayer, by the scribing the objects the children sup- children's societies of …….. . port. Church. There has been some discussion as 6. The Roll Call of the Societies will to the best time of the year to hold now be taken by …………. . children's rallies. We have experi- of ………………. . mented with spring and fall rallies and are now receiving replies from a 7. We will now have a word of greet- questionnaire sent out recently to our ing from ………….. , Secre- leaders. Some prefer the spring rally tary for Children's Missionary because it is a goal toward which to Work. work during the winter; others vote in favor of fall rallies because they 8. Before we give our Thank Offer- give ideas, objectives and inspiration ing, ……….. of ……… , for the new season's work. Some and …….. of …….. will frankly admit they would like to have tell us about the Objects our both! All agree that they find the Offering is going to. rallies helpful and wish them contin- After the ushers have received ued. our Offering, the dedication will be sung by ……….. . We are convinced that the work with Society. This is a special the boys and girls does count. They Thank Offering we are giving are the foundation of all future mis- today and does not apply on sionary effort, and at our rallies we our regular apportionments. The offering will now be taken.

9. A Missionary Sketch . . . . . . . . . . , by the ……………. Band.

10. We will rise and sing Rally Song No.2.

11. We are happy to have with us to- day, ……………. , who has spent several years in …….. , where we have one of our For- eign Objects, the ………… . Kindergarten. . …….. , will tell us about the children of 12. We thank ………. for this very interesting talk, and are glad to

take advantage of the opportunity to United States to the children of emphasize this thought; also the four- Mexico. fold service PRAY-WORK-GIVE-GO is presented as a challenge to be con- The words in Spanish above the sidered in the meetings of the local picture on the school bag may be groups during the year. translated, "World Friendship Among Children," and, underneath, "Good- We find a further answer to the will Greetings." The English words question,-"Does it pay?" as we look appear on the other side of the bag. into the faces of these hundreds of Children, individually and in groups, eager, enthusiastic youngsters, repre- from many churches, Sunday-schools, senting thirty to thirty-five organized organizations, and sections of the missionary groups. These children country, plan to bridge the Rio Grande are learning the advantages of world- by sending to the Secretary of Edufriendship and the joy in service. cation in Mexico City, throughout the They realize at our rallies that they summer months, good-will gift bags are a part of a nation-wide organiza- as a fitting sequel to the good will ention of children, all praying, working gendered by Ambassador Morrow and and giving together for the other chil- Colonel Lindbergh. The bags measdren of the world, and looking for- ure twelve by fourteen inches and are ward to the time when some of them made of durable artificial leather. may "GO" out as missionaries in the interests of world-friendship, world- The bags, or information concernpeace· and world-redemption. ing them, may be secured from the Committee on World Friendship Friendship School Bags for Mexico Among Children, 289 Fourth Avenue, New York City. They should be filled Following the very successful en- with gifts treasured by boys and girls terprise carried out two years ago everywhere, which are being purwhen the American school children chased for small amounts by the sent "Friendship Dolls" to Japan to American children themselves. The bags also contain a leaflet of explana- tion, and eight pictures of historical and patriotic interest to both coun- tries. Some of the American children write letters to their Mexican cousins and enclose them in the bags. One of these reads as follows: My DEAR LITTLE MEXICAN GIRL: I hope you will enj oy the little pres- ents I am sending you. I wonder if in Mexico they started a letter like we do here in American schools. I am in the sixth grade in Mt. Hebron School, Upper Montclair, N. J. My name is Geneva Leach. Would you please write me and tell me your grade-school, town, state and name.

I hope you like your school work.

THE FRIENDSHIP SCHOOL BAG FOR (Privilly I don't.) Please excuse my MEXICAN CHILDREN spelling and writing. I am enclosing cultivate international goodwill, this year the Committee on World Friend- and addressed envelope. Please write. ship Among Children has promoted the plan for sending "Friendship I'm trying to write backhand. School Bags" from the children of the Lovingly your little 11 year old Amer- ican friend, I am GENEVA LEACH.

P. S.-If you could send me some old used up stamps, and your age.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 EAST 22ND STREET, NEW YORK HOME MISSIONARY EDUCATION the problems of the day are being met. He presents Christianity as a message By E. JESSIE OGG, New York for the whole of life; shows how Christianity carries a health message Ohairman} Joint Oommittee ott Home Mi8B101J to sick bodies, brings enlightment to Literature darkened minds and the revelation of love and salvation to lonely hearts Home missionary education seeks to and lives steeped in sin. Today's mespresent the whole task of the Church sage of Christianity carries not only in the homeland. It seeks so to pre- wholeness for the individual but a sent the facts that the Church may be solution for the problems imbued in more intelligent and act more wisely man's contacts in society. The reader regarding the v a rio u s problems, is left with a forward look, a vision of whether these be racial questions, what Christianity may accomplish in class distinctions, economic relation- this land of ours when released for all ships or the one great underlying mo- of life of all men in their relationships tive of all-the winning of men, wom- one to another. en and children to a fullness of life in our Lord and Master, Jesus Christ.

Last year an effort was made to see the missionary character of Christian- For Seniors ity itself. Jesus as the first great missionary with a world purpose, a world For seniors-youth of high school message and a world-wide love was age-G. Bromley Oxnam has written studied. Then came the followers of out of his own rich experience with the Master with their enlarging views that age group a book entitled "Youth of the task laid upon them. Pioneer and the New America." The author missionaries to all parts of the world seeks to prepare these boys and girls demonstrated the dynamic power of to make a contrihution by their liv- Christianity. ing and thinking to the country in which they live. He reminds them of After this view of the beginnings the rich heritage, religious and secuand inspiration of the missionary lar, which is theirs; brings to their spirit it seems fitting to spend a year attention some of the outstanding facing anew the task in America in problems of the day-industrial, racial the light of changing conditions. The and international; then proceeds to study of the year by adult and young point a way whereby the rising genpeople's groups on the theme, "Home eration may help to usher in a new Missions Today" will be on the mes- day by appropriating Jesus' teachings sage of Christianity to the various and applying them to these great probpeoples in America and the applica- lems. tion of Christianity to the moaern problems of American life. For Intermediates Dr. William P. Shriver, who is de- "Meet Your United States!" is the voting his life through a denomina- title of the book to be used by intermetional mission board to the solving of diates. The form of this book marks one of America's most acute problems, a new departure in method of treat- has written the text book for adults ment. It is designed for leaders of and young people, entitled, "What groups and presents a method of work Next in Home Missions?" Through rather than home mission stories.

typical enterprises the author sets The author, Miss Mary Jenness, is a forth the manner in which some of successful teacher herself, has devoted 681

time to studying the most modern primary teacher, as well as a gifted methods and has worked out with writer already known as the author of groups of intermediates the various "The Box Car Children," has proprojects presented in the book. A duced "Windows into Alaska." This leader may take the text and follow the book is published in two forms, a projects rather closely or may under- teachers' edition, containing a course take original work stimulated by sug- of lessons based on a series of stories, gestions in one special section of the and an attractively illustrated gift book. The attempt is made to provide edition comprising the stories alone. help for all leaders along a new line, As a supplement to this book on but much latitude is left the individual Alaska, use of "The World in a Barn," in carrying out the course. by the same author published in 1927, is recommended. This is a good read- For Juniors ing book and one chapter of it relates Alaska is the theme for juniors. how the children built an Alaskan Miss Katharine E. Gladfelter visited village. "Alaska Picture Stories" conthat far-off possession of the United sists of four large pictures with a States a year ago and from her experi- story about each written by Florence ence has written "Under the North Crannel Means. Star." Miss Gladfelter is eminently fitted, both- from practical experience Self-activity will be expressed in the and board responsibility, to supply a use of "To the Land of the Eskimo," book needed for work with juniors. a cardboard folder of colored pictures The text presents stories and lessons ready to be punched out and set up to by the project method and it further form an Eskimo village. Little hands furnishes suggestions for pupil activities, so that these little people may will become occupied in arranging this learn by doing and have built up in village and thereby enter into the life their minds ideas about Alaskan boys of these far-away children. and girls which will promote sane, sound and Christian attitudes of one A second racial group is also prerace toward the other. sented for study by primary groups, Miss Ethel M. Baader, a specialist in Materials for hand work are fur– primary methods having furnished a nished through "Alaska Eskimo House Cut-Out," which will be ready in the project course on the Navajo Indians. autumn, and an "Alaskan Picture The volume, entitled "Indian Play- Sheet," useful for note books and mates of Navajo Land," contains maposters. This latter is a twelve page terial for the leader's background, folder of pictures with interesting worship services, stories and suggescaptions. tions for handwork and dramatization. It is well for the children to become In addition to the materials on familiar with this primitive tribe who Alaska, a book containing biographies live isolated from civilization on their of a number of great home mission- own reservation and whose children aries has been written for juniors by are in large part without school or Harold B. Hunting, author of "Stories play in their lives. "Indians of the of Brotherhood." This latest produc- Southwest Picture Sheet" supplements tion from his pen is entitled "A Book this book through the eye channel. of Biographical Sketches" and will be published later in the year. It may be possible for many pri- mary groups to study in the course of For Primary Groups the year both the Alaskan and the In- dian while others will find it neces- Primary groups will be following sary to choose one or the other. Leadfor the most part the same theme ers will decide which material will of study as juniors, that is, Alaska. bring largest results with their own Miss Gertrude C. Warner, a skillful groups. The aim is to provide a cur- riculum to meet all needs.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION

EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK RETURNING FROM JERUSALEM backgrounds of distinctly different cultures, conflicting national aspira- By MRS. EVELYN RILEY NICHOLSON tions and racial prejudices served to make the situation more tense. As President Woman'8 Foreign Mis8ionary So- one delegate phrased it, "This is a mety, Methodist Episcopal Ohurch dangerous meeting. We have more need of prayers than of speeches." The meeting of the International More than one shared her fears dur- Council marks another milestone in ing the first few days until the cementmissions, as did the Edinburgh Con- ing work of the Holy Spirit began to ference of 1910. We have traveled a evidence itself in a growing confidence long way since that eventful gather- and unity. One was often reminded ing. In nothing was that fact more of that other Council at Jerusalem reevident than in the personnel of the garding the new churches of the mistwo meetings. At Edinburgh there sion field when "there had been much were only twenty-six representatives disputing," but when agreement was of the churches of the mission fields, reached, as Stanley Jones reminded although the conference delegates us, on the basis of what "seemed good numbered 1,200. At Jerusalem, about to the Holy Ghost and to us." Espeone half of the delegates were mem- cially was the unifying power of the bers of the younger churches of the living Christ evident when the report mission fields. They were on a parity of the committee on "The Christian in every way with the representatives Message" was read. It was based on of the churches of sending countries. the preliminary study of specially pre- They made as definite contributions on committees, on the platform, in ex- pared papers, on non-Christian syspounding the Word and by leading us into the "secret of His Presence." tems, as compared with Christianity. This fact makes the Jerusalem Council unique in the annals of interna- It fairly appraised their values, but so tional missions. It marks the new day which we hail with a song in our clearly and cogently expressed the vihearts. talities of the Christian faith, so po- To be sure, the new day brings its tently made Christ the unique and sufown problems, questionings, readjustments. According to natural expecta- ficient Saviour of all mankind that the tions, the meeting on the Mount of audience as one individual breathed Olives, should have blown into a thou- its assent in hushed and reverent sand pieces. It was made up of as di- tones, whether of Confucian, Islamic verse elements as could well have been selected-representatives of rival po- or Christian "background." We knew ourselves one in Christ in that hour, and one in determination to make Him known to a needy world.

litical powers; of state churches and There was surprising unanimity, "free"; of conservatives and modern- also, on the other reports as finally ists; of black, yellow, brown and presented. The Committee on Induswhite races. They met, not to discuss try, of which Bishop F. J. McConnell generalities on which they might was chairman, and of which Harold agree, but to face frankly, fearlessly, Grimshaw of the International Labor the sensitive, irritating questions Office, was a member, brought in a a r 0 u n d which misunderstandings fearless and far-reaching report on might form. Barriers of language, the obligations of Christian bodies to- 588

ward forced labor, children and wom- question. Particularly valuable was en in industry, exploitation of back- their contribution when, under the ward peoples and the Christianizing discussion of the non-Christian re- of the whole social order. Toe Com- ligious sYfltems, the women of the East mittee on Racial Relationships called told what these systems had failed to on Christians to practice and preach do for womanhood. Said Mrs. Ku- equality in the right to hold property, bushiro of Japan, "No religion brought to enter all occupations and profes- to Japan-Buddhism, Shintoism, Con- sions, the right to the functions of fucianism-ever recognized woman as citizenship. The injustices practiced a person. Christianity has sown seeds by ruling nations on subject peoples which are giving woman her place."

were frankly charged. Measures to Similar testimonies to the redeeming debar colored races from missionary and releasing power of the Gospel were service were strongly condemned, imd given by the women of Persia, India, the desire of American Negro Chris- China, Korea. References were made tians to engage in missionary work in to these speeches again and again, and Africa was approved. doubtless they will bear fruit in fur- The frank discussion of the relation ther unleashing of the power of wom- of the churches of the mission field to an for the service of her Master.

those of the sending countries brought And now the delegates are hastening out the desi·re for self-determination across oceans and continents to the and naturalization, but it also gave ends of the earth. They achieved'

vigorous emphasis to the desire for unity in Christ, and go their ways, fellowship as an integral part of the conscious, as one phrased it, that they Church universal and to the fact that are "integrated" in fellowship. Said the help of the Western world is needed Dr. Braga, "You have taken Latin in the occupation of new fields, the America on to your mission map: maintenance of buildings, the service Henceforth the little worshiping con- of hospitals, schools, literature and gregations of my country may feel every instrument of evangelism. The themselves a part of the Christian task is barely begun. world." Said a lonely missionary, "I The Council realized the need for have looked clear oVer the world and reorganization in order to admit to have entered into the strivings, the equal responsibility in facing the mag- sufferings and the hopes of all mart~ nitude of the task, the strengt;h of the kind."

newer churches. In an enlarged sense, In their eagerness to become in- therefore, it becomes international, digenous there is danger that the and its Standing Committee now in- newer churches become sectional, iso- cludes members of twenty-six national lated and narrow. East and West councils. The committee numbers thir- need each other. The body of Christ ty-seven, of whom, regrettably, only must not be dismembered: One of two are women. Sentiment is grow- the functions of the Council is to make ing, howev~r, in the direction of a1- its members conscious' of their inter- l(}wing womet! to make their fuUejilt dependability. ThiJ;l it has achieved.

contribution in the task of werld evan, Through C6rPorat~ prayer this unity gelization. It was heartening to note must be maintained, .and tQgether, the very significant help given by black and brown; white and yellow, women of the Orient-of whom our may build the new earth in which Helen Kim was one-on the various dwelleth righteousness. The magni- committees. Women were in a minor- tude of the task calls for the utter sur- ity in the Council-three fourths of render of self and the employment of the delegations sent no women-but every spiritual resource. The pro- they were so generously treated by the gram of Jerusalem is an expanding Chairman, Dr. John R. Mott, that their and compelling one. Who is sufficient yoic!ls were h~ard on nearlr every for these thinp? .

OPICS OF THE

The Greatness of the 'rask and educated, but churches must be organized and .built, and the N OONE can survey this issue work of Christ must be established of the REVIEW without real- so as to be self-supporting and izing more fully the magni- with evidence of true vitality. tude and variety of the Home Missionary enterprise. The task The field is so large that the includes not only the giving of the Home Mission articles to cover th€! Gospel of Christ to the millions of field could not all be published in. the unsaved in our American cities this number. Later will appear and rural districts but the educa- articles on "The Mormon Church'" tion of the coming generations and by Dr. Wm. M. Paden; on an effort to apply the teachings of "Alaska" by Rev. A. J. Mont- Christ to industrial, social and gomery; on "Industrial Workers political life. and the Church" by Dr. John Mc- Dowell; "The Mountaineers of the Formerly Home Missions chiefly South" by Dean Baird of Berea comprised pioneer work in fron- College; "The Needs of the tier settlements and among In- Western Frontier" by Bishop dians. Today it covers a territory Barnwell of Idaho; "The Church as large as China and India com- and the Unevangelized" by Dr. A. bined; it has in its extensive Z. Conrad of Boston; "Bible Disparish almost as many men, wom- tribution on the Pacific Coast" by en and children as are found in Rev. A. Wesley Mell; "The Amerthe whole continent of Africa. ican Indians Fifty Years Ago and These people speak some sixty or Now" by J. M. Cornelison; "The more languages and have many Spanish – Americans Under Our different religions. They include Flag" by Rev. Charles A. Thomson nearly twenty million natives of and other papers of vital im- Europe; twelve million Negroes portance. and mulattoes whose parents were forcibly brought from Africa; the W descendants of the aboriginal In- The Real Task of Home Missions, dians and Eskimos of America; HEN our Lord commis- Orientals from Japan, China, . ' sioned His disciples to go Korea, India, Malaysia and the out and evangelize the Moslem East; the mountaineers world, He directed them to "begin an<J !'Georgia Cl"al!:e'l's" of the at Jerusalem." There was an Southern States; the lumbermen, abundance of religion there and harvesters, 1jshermen, soldie'l's, the p~ople were highly educated sailors and other migrant workers. acc(lrding to the ideas of the day.

Not only must the unevangelized In t;Uany ways they were above the ~nd non-<)hristillns b~ t:lvangelized intellectua~ !J.n9. spiritJl.al status of ~§§ •

their neighbors. Evidently it is there is no ground for hope that not enough if the people of our they will be willing to accept His principles or to apply His teachland are intellectually trained or ings as a rule of conduct. Men are "religious." must first become His disciples and followers before they will accept Christ put one command on His His laws of the Kingdom to govern disciples who themselves believed themselves and their human relain Him and followed His Way of tions. If we are to follow the com- Life; that command was to bear mand of Jesus Christ the real task witness to Him. It was not first of the Church today in the Home of all to agitate for a change in the Mission field is first to bear witness political policies of the nation, to to Jesus Christ, by words and by inaugurate temperance, purity or life, as the Son of God and only other reform movements; it was Saviour of men; that new life and not to promote a better relation- power comes by personal surrender ship between the races or between to Him and submission to His conemployers and employees; they trol; that the eternal life is gained, were not directed to change the not by our good works but by the Jewish educational system or work death of Christ for us. for Church unity. Many of these and other transformations were This is the Gospel that turned expected to result from the carry- the world upside down in the days ing out of the main commission of of the Apostle Paul. It is the Gos- pel that won over all opposition of Christ. That commission, to bear witness to Him, included personal worldliness, unbelief and political testimony, founded on personal ambition in the days of Rome; it knowledge of the purpose and is the Gospel that gave effective- ness to the Reformation in Europe; power of Christ to save men from sin and its deadly consequences. it is the Gospel that has proved its Their witness included testimony power in America and throughout to their faith that He was, as He the world, wherever it has been claimed to be, the Son of God who practiced with vital faith and concame to earth to reveal the father sistent life. and His offer of Life; that He Is the chief task of Home Mislived a perfect life and taught the sions today anything else than to Way of Life; that He died as a bear witness by word and by life willing sacrifice on the cross to to this Gospel so that the Holy save men from sin and its penalty; Spirit will convict men of sin, of that He rose again from the dead righteousness and of judgment and and appeared to His disciples to so that those who believe will enter prove His victory over death and into Life and will, in turn, become the certainty of immortality; that living witnesses to Christ among He ascended alive, with his resur- their fellow-men? rection body, into Heaven where He lives in power and from whence It has been abundantly proved He will come again to reign. that when the living seed is planted in good soil it will grow and spread Has Christ's commission changed and bear fruit. It is the Home today? Until men and women, as missionaries' task to plant this livindividuals, accept the claims and ing seed, to water it and to pray revelation of Christ as to Himself, His mission and His Way of Life, God to give the increase.

AMERICA offered to match dollar for dollar

contributions in excess of the total for Bibles for Aviators last year, up to a limit of $250,000. Donations received through regular AGOLD-LETTERED German Bible, channels; from churches and indi- printed in New York City by the viduals, aggregated about $320,000 American Bible Society, was pre- more than the year before. With Mr. sented to Baron Gunther von Huene- Rockefeller's $250,000 added, this feld for the crew of the Bremen on makes the actual net gain $570,000. May 1st by Rev. George William The receipts now reported are the Brown, General Secretary of the So- largest in three years. Mr. Rockeciety. The inscription included in feller has made an identical offer ap- German lettering the Baron's sum- plicable to the fiscal year that began mary of the flight: "Durch, Gottes May 1st. He gives $250,000 outright, Gnade Gerettet," (saved through the as he did last year, and offers an addigrace of God). Leather-bound copies tional $250,000 conditionally, on the of the New Testament, with a gold same terms as before. superimposed airplane on the cover, were also given to Baron von Huene- feld, Captain Koehl and Major Fitz- AD1erican Tract Society maurice by the Society. T HIS organization held its one hun- Increased Gifts to Missions dred and third annual meeting in New York City on May 2d. All the T WO of the leading denominational present officers of the Society were re- mission boards are rejoicing over elected for the ensuing year. The aft- their financial status. The Southern ernoon meeting was followed by a Presbyterians had been threatened Bun y a n Tercentenary Dinner, at with a cut in their foreign work next which Hon. P. Whitwell Wilson spoke year, but the receipts for the year on "The Burden of Bunyan," and which ended March 31st were suffi- Maurice H. H. Joachim, a native of cient to prevent this, and also to wipe India, on "Pilgrim's Progress from out a large part of the deficit which the Oriental Viewpoint." The ban- has been carried for several years. quet was held on the eve of a drive for The Executive Committee of Foreign a $50,000 Bunyan Tercentenary Fund Missions received from all sources for to reprint Bunyan's books in English the year $1,662,443. The deficit on and "Pilgrim's Progress" in many lan- March 31, 1928, was only $131,898. guages now out of print. The report The deficit reported a year ago was of the General Secretary, Dr. Wm. H.

$289,947. Matthews, showed a much larger work With the total receipts of approxi- accomplished than the Society has been mately $5,000,000 for the fiscal year able to do for many years. Recent which ended April 30th, Northern propaganda of atheistic associations Baptists not only met the conditions has stirred Christian people to the which entitle their missionary organ- necessity of publishing and distribut- izations to the offer made by John ing more Christian literature to coun- D. Rockefeller, Jr., but went far be- teract the activities of such organiza- yond the mark set. Mr. Rockefeller tions.

587

Methodist Home Rule Abroad nity has suffered one of the worst un- T HE General Conference of the employment crises in its history. In M.eth{)dist Episcopal Church, meet- a year when one might reasonably ing in Kansas City, Mo., in May, have expected a decrease, these loyal passed a constitutional amendmenf. people have responded with an inwhich, if ratified by two thirds of the crease which is both an encourage- 117 local annual conferences, will give ment and a challenge.

Methodists in other lands now affili- ated with the American church the American-Born Japanese Problems K power to elect their own bishops and AZUO KAWAI, who, though he holds the B.A. and M.A. degrees govern their own affairs. The issue was brought in by a special commis- from Leland Stanford University, can sion of twenty-five delegates, eleven get nothing to do but sell vegetables, of them from conferences outside the contributes to World Call an article on United States. This commission was the problems of the second-generation headed by Dr. Lewis O. Hartman of Japanese in the. United States, of Boston, editor of Zion's Herald, who whom there are some 60,000 on the said, in speaking on the question: Pacific Coast mainland, not counting We are going back to Wesley. From Hawaii. He says: "Having been edu- England, in tJ:1e days of the Revolution- cated in this country, they speak nothary War, he sent out emissaries of ing but English. Having been raised Methodism who were to allow America in this country, their ideals, their psyto organize and rule its own Methodist chology, their attitude toward life, are Church. From America, now, 'We send typically American. They are Ameriout emissaries to start self-governing cans in all but physical appearance. and independent Methodist churches in They know nothing of Japan. The all parts of the world. We will stand American-born Japanese is realizing united in this diversity, one power be- bitterly the fact that he has succeeded fore God, democratic and Christian, too well in becoming Americanized. truly. It is the secret of a 'World Meth-. odist church. .

If he had remained like his immigrant Gifts from a Mission Church laborer parents, America would have T HE Church of All Nations of New given him some work to do, humble York City, an institution conduct- though it would have been. But he ed by the Board of Home Missions has made himself unfitted for these and Church Extension of the Metho- cruder forms of work by acquiring dist Episcopal Church, contributed on skilled training. He has gone through Easter Sunday, through its various American universities, often loading congregations, a total of $567.72 for himself with honors and demonstrat- World Service causes, that is, for mis- ing unusual ability, only to be told sionary 'Work outside of the local that there is no place in American inchurch program. The Russian group dustrial life for a successfully Amer- . gave $87.72, the Chinese, $130, the icanized Japanese."

Italian $100, and the International group $250. For World Service this Work for Mormons in Canada T year the Church of All Nations gave HE Utah Gospel Mission an- nounces: "For many years we $1,085. During the same time the people contributed for annual confer- have wished to get our Bible truths ence benevolences a total of $8,847. into touch with the considerable num- The significance of this report lies in ber of Mormons in Alberta Province, the fact that the Church of All Na- Canada, directly north of Utah-Idaho tions is a missionary institution lo- Mormonism. In 1923 an imposing cated on the lower East Side of New 'temple' to Mormonism was dedicated York City, and that the record covers there, at a cost stated at $750,000; ~ .period during which the cQmmu- and mainly in that reg-ion there are

19281 WORLD-WIDE OUTtOOK'

about 10,000 of the Utah brand of Eskimoes as a whole are honest and Mormons, who surely need the real Gospel as much as perhaps anybody. will not lie-few exceptions. We have had with us one or two Cana- There are no swear words in the dian missionaries at different times, and have broached the matter of Eskimo language. whether one or more could not un- In these northern regions none of the dertake the work of visiting these Alberta people. At last arrangements Eskimo drink booze, desire to, or make it. have been possible, and Brother John Lowry is now starting for that field, Porio Ricans in New York under engagement to prosecute the work for six months, Providence per- PORTO RICAN evangelical Chrismitting, and as much longer as may tians are well represented among be feasible. He will follow the same the tens and perhaps hundreds of methods as we do in our usual fields; thousands of Spanish-speaking peoand we earnestly hope for a large ple ih Greater New York. There is a measure of success both in direct gos- Porto Rican Brotherhood with attracpel work and in helping the people to tive headquarters, and various other see the great truths of the Bible in Porto Rican organizations. Five hundistinction from the vast and danger- dred and fifteen Porto Ricans are atous errors of Mormonism." tending colleges in continental United States, many of them in New York Christian Eskimo Community City. Recently, Dr. Orts Gonzalez, editor of La Nueva Democracia, one AT POINT BARROW, Alaska, where of the cooperative enterprises aided by the American Missionary Associa- .tl. Captain Wilkins began his recent tion, addressed an audience of over three hundred in the Spanish Evan- Arctic flight, stands the only hospital gelical Church in New York City, and built within the Arctic Circle. It was thirty new members were received inerected by the Presbyterian Board of to membership. One of the deacons National Missions and serves a parish administering the Communion service one thousand miles long on the north- was a coal-black Porto Rican Negro, ern shore of Alaska. Here are located from the neighborhood of the Blanche three Presbyterian churches minister- Kellogg Institute. There were several ing to a thousand natives. This work other Negroes in the audience, but was begun in 1890 by Dr. Sheldon apparently no race problem. The pub- Jackson who secured the use of a room lic schools of Porto Rico employ 733 in a refuge station for the first Negro teachers out of a total of 4,500. Eskimo school. Later the school was "Perhaps," says The Congregational. taken over by the Governme~t and the mission concentrated on medical and ist, whi~h gives these facts, "Porto evangelistic work. The hosIlital was built in 1921. Dr. A. W. Newhall, in Rico can help us somewhat in our charge of the hospital, lists the fol- problems of race adjustment." lowing encouraging points: LATIN AMERICA Every Eskimo in the village attends every service as a rule. Evangelical Books in Spani.h Everyone in the audience sings or tries AMONG the activities carried on in to, thus making a joyful noise. fl. the past ten years by the Litera- Every man, young or old, will pray publicly and consider it a privilege. ture Committee of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America are the Every _Eskimo in the place over four- following: Dr. Juan Orts Gonzalez, teen is 'a'member of the church. a converted Spanish priest who, in ad- dition to his Roman Catholic training Every Sunday-school teacher attends in the universities of Spain, had been every training class weekly as a rule. graduated from a Presbyterian theo- logical seminary in the United States Every man is willing to do janitor and had experience as a Protestant work at church when requested by the missionary in Cuba, was employed as Eskimo deacons. editorial secretary. The first task was

to let all the various Spanish-speaking type of work now being carried on mission fields know, through the pub- successfully in several Latin Amerilication of a bibliography, what each can cities. In Tixtla, Mexico, the was producing. The second step was Federal Government has opened a new to secure the publication of new books, school for the training of rural teacheither translations or original works. ers, occupying a large house on the Questionnaires were sent to mission- central plaza and facing the parish aries to discover for what books there church. The hostel for men conducted was the greatest demand. Then an by Southern Presbyterian missioneffort was made to have denomina- aries occupies a house on another side tional presses accept responsibility for of the plaza, while the hostel for wompublishing some of these. All in all en has an almost palatial residence on there are now available for the evan- the fourth side, once the home of Gengelical minister's library 480 different eral Vicente Guerrero, the great religious books in Spanish. The com- leader in the war of independence. mittee is now working on a new Span- Here is a state school cooperating ish hymnal. It also publishes a with two missionary hostels, which monthly magazine, The New Democ- furnish living quarters for its sturacy. dents while the Government pays the salary of three Presbyterian teachers Education in Nicaragua in the school who also live in the hostels. Rev. William Wallace writes: T HE school supported by the Amer- ican Baptist Home Mission Society We have joined hands with the Govand the Woman's Home Mission So- ernment in a tremendous program of ciety in Managua, Nicaragua, has au- education. They are providing the inthority from the Government to con- tellectual equipment while we are buildfer the degree of Bachelor of Arts. ing character, without which any school This is not the equivalent of a Bache- program is doomed to failure. lor of Arts degree in a North American college, but represents consider- A Seminar on Mexico able work beyond the North American high school. It is based on the French T HIS title was given to the selected system of a lycee and prepares one for group of American citizens under professional courses in a university. Congregational leadership who, in Of a class of three which was gradu- April, 1926, and in January, 1927, ated in 1928, one went to Mexico to made a first-hand, sympathetic study study medicine. He is an enthusiastic of conditions in Mexico, and who since Christian and good lay preacher. A their return have sought in many girl graduate has continued in the ways, especially by lectures and ar- Managua school as a teacher. The ticles, to interpret the hopes and ideals majority of the students in the higher of the people of Mexico to the people grades are m e m b e r s of Baptist of the United States. A similar group churches and will become intelligent under the direction of Rev. Hubert C. leaders in Nicaragua. The boys in Herring, D.D., expect to spend three the boarding department number weeks, July 5th to 26th, in Mexico twenty, and the building is being en- City. The announcement of the trip larged to accommodate ten more boys. reads in part: Hostels fol' Mexican Students A group of citizens of the United States will meet in Mexico City for three T HE provision of homelike living weeks in July, 1928. During this period, quarters, under missionary aus- they wiIl have the opportunity of hearpices, where students in government ing from the lips of the men who control schools can be brought under Chris- the situation in our neighboring republic tian influences, is a comparatively new the story of the purposes and hopes ()f the Mexican people. They will hear about oil laws, land reforms, educational policies. They will hear about labor movements, church questions, and eco-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

nomic tendencies. They will see Mexi- are among the fifteen different nationcan schools, churches, public works, alities represented here, and the great mines. They will have ample time in and difficulty we have in evangelizing. around Mexico's capital to talk with the Our parish, including Tigre the base, people, and to ask questions. They will represents a population of about forty thousand." hear the music of Mexico, see its art, visit its places of historic interest.

Gamhling at Church Feuts EUROPE RICARDO JIMENEZ, President of Annual C. M. S. RepGrt Costa Rica, is praised for his "courage, uprightness, and patriot- T HE following summary of the reism" by the Latin American Evangel- port presented at the annual meetis,t, which, as an illustration of his ing of the Church Missionary Society character, quotes the following inci- in Queen's Hall, London, May 1st, is dent from a paper published in Costa given by The Christian (London): Rica: "When in the Central Park the "In Africa, with constant expansion, church feast, organized for the collec- there is adaptation to changed condition of funds by the Venerable Coun- tions, while cooperation between govcil of the Metropolitan Cathedral with ernments and missions in the sphere the help of all the local priests, was of education is being carried into pracabout to begin, it was seen that the tical effect. In Egypt, the Anglican gaming tables were set up and that as Church shows signs of healthy growth usual the people thronged to them. and development. In Persia, there is From the President's house orders the hope of securing a united Church. were transmitted by telephone that In India, men and women are coming these tables should be immediately forward openly to avow themselves the taken away. The Chief of Police at followers of Christ. In Ceylon, the once put into effect the law which pro- Holy Spirit is moving in the hearts of hibits gambling and with a piquet of men and women. In China, the gendarmes saw to it that the Presi- Church stands stronger and purer dent's orders were respected ….. . than before, with a keener sense of Naturally, the fact that gambling was eternal values and a greater deternot allowed meant a big slump in the mination to make its witness clear and church's gains and took away all ani- penetrating. With an expenditure mation from the feast." amounting to £484,000, the net in- crease in the deficit is £11,000, which Argentine River MissiGn brings the total deficit up to £88,000."

T HIS mission, founded by E. A. Medical Mls.iGnary Association Strange and F. Hesse, with headquarters at Tigre, Argentina, seeks to T HIS organization, established fifty evangelize the people of fifteen differ- years ago, with headquarters in ent nationalities who dwell on the London, has the following objects: banks of the River Parana in its (1) To aid suitable Christian men southern portion, its tributaries and and women who desire to become medthe group of islands split up by 250 ical missionaries. It has a hostel for rivers and creeks known as the Delta. men at Highbury, where the students The prospectus of the Mission de- live during their five years' course of scribes its equipment as consisting of study for full legal qualification at one "the launch Buenas Nuevas for long of the medical colleges of London. journeys, and the launch Evangelista The women take a similar medical for day trips, two rowing boats for course at the School of Medicine for evangelizing small creeks, and a gos- Women. During this period it is pel hall and home in the Delta." Mr. sought to strengthen the spiritual life Strange writes: "You can understand of the students by Bible study, to surthe varying shades of religion there round them with a strong Christian

arid milOSibnar,y atmosphere, and to eu- dencies in the present life of. the courage such spiritual activities as are Church are perhaps worthy of notice.

compatible with professional studies. The Lutheran Church has never relied (2) To promote interest in medical on the Sunday-school as much as· have missions among medical students in the churches. in. the English-speaking London. (3) To diffuse information world, partly because it was satisfied as to medical missions by means of with the teaching in the schools. But lectures, meetings, and the publication now there is: a strong movement for of the magazine, Conquest by Healing. the developmerit Of the Kindergott68- (4) To make grants or otherwise help dienst (Children'~ Service of Wor- existing work abroad, as funds are ship). Thos'eWinterested in this are provided. It does not itself conduct 11O~sliiw". a special conference or sum- foreign missionary work. But it has mer SC11001 at Eisenach in September.

helpdd to provide more than sixty med- There -is also a strong movement to- ical'missionaries, who have worked or wards reviving the use of the old are now working in connection with German chorales. In the last fifty some fifteen missionary societies; thus years there has been a considerable the Association, itself undenomina- use of what they regard, I regret to tional, acts as a bond of union between say, as typical, English hymns, i. e.

the various societies which are repre- translations ·of Moody and Sankey.

sented on its executive committee. The return to the chorale receives an Books for Lighthouse Keepera additional impetus from the example of the secular youth movements, whose T HE Lighthouse Literature Mis- high standards of musical taste lead sion of Belfast was founded in them to sing Bach.and Palestrina as 1904 by Mr. Samuel H. Strain, a Bel- music, if not as religion."

fast business man who carries on this Vodka Drinking Increasing work without compensation as a Christia'n avocation. The literature sent SPEAKING in Moscow at the Conout is all soundly evangelical, Spur- gress of the Communist youth Orgeon's sermons, and the like. Prac- ganization, Which has 2,500,000 memtically every parcel. is accompanied by bers, Nikolai Bukharin said: "Al- a personal letter, and· there is suitable coholism has become a direct social literature for the children in remote danger. There are cases of workers lighthouses. .The report of this mis- spending fourteen or fifteen per cent sion throws a sharp light on the life of their wages on drink. This is not of those to whom it ministers. One an exceptional figure. Even Leningirl writes from a lighthouse in grad sometimes surpasses its pre-war Alaska, "My father has just six years 'record' in the number of drunks." more to serve, and then I shall be able to go to church on Sundays." Last The Alliance Weekly makes the fol- Year Mr. Strain sent Qut a thousand lowing statement:' "The manufacture letters and six hundred parcels of lit- and sale of vodka is considered the erature, ranging from Antartic Trista most important and surest item in the de Cunha to Arctic Alaska, and the budget of the Sovjet Government, last world around. year's net income from it being nearly $150,000,000. Needless to say, the Government is making every effort to Ge..man Church Life Today increase its sale, although the con- J0'ffN M. THOMSON, Educl;1tional sumption in 1927, the highest figures Work Secretary of the Scottish reached, was forty times greater than National Y. M. C. A., writes after a in 1926. At Leningrad alone the recent visit to Germany: "In the last death toll from alcohol increased six- ten years the Protestant Church in fold, while the increase of drunken- Germany has passed through a very ness throughout the country is tre- severe time of testing…… Two ten- mendous. Some communities are pe-

19281 WORLD-WIDE

titioning the Government to 'remove and especially in Macedonia, we find this curse,' and the press is actively well-established villages, averaging supporting the 'new society to fight from five hundred to several thousand drinking' which intends to establish souls. Houses which compare favor- homes for the cure of inebriates." ably with the peasant homes of neigh- boring Serbia or Italy have been "Christ-Believing Jews" erected, seed and cattle have been sup- REV. GISLE JOHNSON, a Nor- plied, industries inaugurated, schools wegian Christian missionary to ,and churches erected. The average the Jews for more than a quarter of a cost per family has averaged £55 as century and for the past six years compared with an expenditure of £850 located in Budapest, Hungary, is per family'in Palestine."

quoted in The Lutheran as· follows: "A Society of Christ-Believing Jews New Movement in Greek Church R is the name of a group of baptized EV. SAMUEL McCREACAVERT, Secretary of the Federal Council and unbaptized Jews, men and women, C who· have for some time banded of Churches, who hall recently been themselves together in Budapest. The studying the ancient Eastern Churches, name itself indicates the inner strug- writes: "In Greece a new force known gle experienced before it became clear as the Zoe Brotherhood (Zoe is the how they' should appear before the Gre,ek word for life) promises greatly world. Christ-believing Jews! Hence to enrich the spiritual life of the not Christian Jews! For whoever church. This brotherhood includes wishes to be known as a Christian Jew both clergy and laity, who have alike acknowledges that he is first and fore- renounced worldly ease, are bound to- most a Christian; while a Christ-be- gether in a democratic society under lieving Jew considers himself first and the motto 'For me to live is Christ,'

foremost a Jew . . , The outcome and aTe sounding the notes of sim- will depend altogether on how success- plicity and reality in the religious life.

ful the deepening of the spiritual con- It may almost be described as a home sciousness will be, the necessity of missionary agency, and seems to be which, is fortunately" recognized by bringing about something of a revival our friends." of preaching in many Greek churches, Welfare Work in Macedonia a greatly-needed emphasis in a church in which religious instruction has had REV. WILLIAM C. EMHARDT, far too small a place as compared with Ph.D., a Field Director of the Na- ritualistic observance. The brothertional Council of the Protestant Epis- hood is also producing popular pamcopal Church, writes after a recent phlets on religious subjects and pubvisit to Greece: "Macedonia as it lishing a weekly religious paper which exists today will, I believe, be recorded is developing a large circulation. The in history as one of the wonders of lay members of the movement who the world. ~ know of no other in- engage in business pledge themselves stance in history where a population of to live in great simplicity so as to de- 1,400,000 refugees, both co-national- vote'much of their earnings to the purists and foreigners, have been ex- . poses of the movement." The begintended hospitality, colonized, and nings of this movement were noted in started on the way toward self-sup- the May, 1927, REVIEW. port. This has been done in Greece in about five years. The achievement as- AFRIqA sumes greater proportion when we re- "Many Tong~~8n R call that Greece formerly contained EV. W. C. JOHNSTON, of the Presbyterian West Africa Misless than five million people, warwearied and impoverished. Through- sion, tells a story that recalls the many out the length and breadth of Greece, languages of Pentecost: He was hold- 6

ing a communion service at Bafia, at Africans Plan Home Mi.-ions which more than three thousand were present. As the people belonged to THE Christians of the Efulan various tribes that used very distinct churches in the West Africa Mislanguages, they were pl~ced in lingual sion of the Presbyterian Church (U. groups where the voice of an inter- S. A.) are making inquiry about the preter could easily reach all who spoke cost of the entire work of the Nnanga that particular language. Then he Aboka district, saying that they want adds: "I preached in Bulu, and three to do more than support a catechist, young men translated into different and would like to undertake the cost native languages to their people-all of an entire district. The Elat misspeaking at once. Then the French sionary society is also inquiring for Administrator was seated on the plat- fields for its missionary effort. "We form, and the French school teacher rejoice," says the annual report of the translated the sermon into French for Missions, "in the desire of our older him, so that there were four inter- churches to have a part in the evanpreters going at the same time." The gelizing of the people in the newer Presbyterian comments: "The whole fields, but we must somehow instil into story of missionary triumphs in that these missionary societies such a section of West Africa is an echo of spirit of consecration and prayer that the apostolic- victories of the early they will give not only of their money, Church." but an ever-increasing number of lives for the work. Our various schools Sunday-School Methods in Egypt train teachers, catechists, and pastors; our churches train up a Christian con- T HE World's Sunday-School Asso- stituency to support the work; the ciation through its Moslem Lands missionary doctor multiplies himself Committee at Cairo serves all missions many times in trained young men and churches engaged in Bible-school working under his supervision. All work. This is done by: (1) Produc- these fit together as the machinery ing Sunday-school literature in Arabic. needed to establish the Kingdom of Nine books and fifteen pamphlets have God in this part of Africa." been published and are widely used. (2) Helping to develop fifteen confer- Liberian Christians in O:IB.ce ences for teachers held in various cities each year by the Evangelical T HE Government of Liberia has re- Church. (3) Aiding with pictures cently appointed several of the naand teacher-training the classes for tive clergy to government posts, street children in the slums of the chiefly educational, and has reapgreat cities. (4) Inspirational and pointed a number of others. In all educational work all over Egypt by five counties the county school in- Sheikh Metry Dewairy, Field Secre- spectors are clergy; another clergytary. (5) Executive work and cor- man occupies the newly-created posirespondence by Rev. Stephen Trow- tion of supervisor of teachers for the bridge, in counsel with a committee of entire repUblic. Another is collector missionaries and delegates from the of internal revenue. The president of Egyptian Synod, to correlate the work Liberia College and three of the facin Egypt with that in the Sudan, ulty are native clergy. Among the Algiers, Palestine, Syria and Iraq. Christian laymen, three recent ap- (6) Helping the hospitals with illus- pointments are the Secretary of the trated books for patients, especially Treasury, Judge of the City Court in children. (7) Commencing the for- Monrovia, and Justice of the Supreme mation of an Egyptian Sunday-school Court. The activity of the Advisory Union which shall in time carry the Committee on Education in Liberia is main responsibility. (8) Promoting becoming effective in increasing coworld-friendship and world-vision. operation between the government and

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

the mission schools. Two teachers' nection with mission stations, but they institutes, in Cape Mount and Mon- will-as indeed they are doing-take rovia, have brought together the charge of branch dispensaries at county school teachers and others points remote from the actual centers from government and mission institu- of missionary enterprise. There they tions. reach people who would otherwise go Training Sudanese Preachers unhelped, and, in addition to relieving pain, showing the way of health and ARECENT letter from Mr. and Mrs. combating disease, lead their own peo- John Hay, of the Sudan Interior ple in their own way to the Physician Mission, reads as follows: "We are in of souls. This also is true of the nathe midst of our first Dry Season tiye Christian maternity nurses, now Bible School for Gbari Evangelists. recruited from several mission schools, We have built a little compound for who, when their training is completed, them. The old school has been re- exercise such a beneficent ministry far paired and there are ten living houses, and wide in the districts where they a kitchen, a corn-grinding house and live. These infirmiers and nurses are a cornhouse around it. Nine students, the earnest of the Congolese medical five wives, our own house-boys and men and women presently to be." lots of children live there, and it is one of the happiest places in the Gbari BridgDlan MeDlorial Hospital country. The students are all tremendously keen and seem to value THIS American Board enterprise in every minute of their study time. We Johannesburg, South Africa, is have been emphasizing, on every pos- progressing toward completion. Sucsible occasion, their tremendous re- cessive steps have been the securing sponsibility and our inability to reach of the first $25,000 in America; the all the Gbari people with the Gospel. opening of clinics; the growing inter- As a result of this, a number have est of the white people of the city; volunteered to go to our villages the formation of an interdenominaaround and sit down as witnesses for tional hospital board; the securing of Christ, supporting themselves by an excellent site; and the laying of farming. When the school closes we the corner-stone, on January 7th. All are hopeful that a number of villages the speakers at that ceremony laid will have a chance to hear of the Lord upon Johannesburg as a duty of honor and see how He changes lives. This the completion of the building fund. is a big thing for these boys to do." When one considers that last year's reports show an infant mortality Medical Training in Congoland among natives of the Gold Reef area of 705 per 1,000 as compared with 74 REV. C. E. PUGH, Field Secretary per 1,000 for Europeans, one realizes of the English Baptist Missionary the scope for this hospital, the only Society, contributes an article to Con- maternity hospital for 15,000 native quest by Heating, in which he says he women. Already the 'clinics established has been asked, as "a non-medical mis- in affiliation with it are doing casionary," to discuss the value of med- pacity service and the example they ical missionary work in those portions have set is being followed by other soof Equatorial Africa with which he is cieties. most familiar. Of one aspect of the question he says: "In the training of native Christian infirmiers, which is African Fears S being carried on at the various hos- OME people near the river Nlong believe that the American mission pital centers, lies the great hope for a healthier Africa. Such trained natives is made up of the ghosts of the BuIu, will not only be of service in hospitals so they say they cannot accept God and dispensaries established in con- lest they have to work for the Bulu.

THE NEAR EAST organs of the community, also for the ritual slaughter of animals, for the Religions Contacts in Syria baking and sale of unleavened bread, and for the granting and ratification FOR the fifth successive year the of certificates. The elected Assembly, little Arabic-speaking Protestant the General Council, and the local comchurch in Tripoli, Syria, welcomed its munities will exercise general superdeputation of Christian, Moslem and vision over the affairs of the Pales- Druze students from the American tine Community." University of Beirut. They taught its Sunday-school classes and took charge N. E. R. Boys Good Workers of some of its exercises. Last year one of the student speakers to the 'I'RIBUTE was paid in the April school was Fadhil Mohammed Jamali, REVIEW to the so-called "gradson of a Shiite Moslem sheikh in Bag- uates" of the Near East Relief ordad – a loyal, liberal, spiritually- phanages. Edward W. Blatchford has minded young Moslem, now teaching organized among the boys who have in the government teacher-training gone out from the orphanages in Palcollege in Bagdad. This year, the estine four working boys' clubs: two Moslem class teacher and speaker was in Jerusalem, one in Nazareth, and Obeid Abdunur, a Sudanese, who will one in Jaffa. The four clubs have a return next summer to work for the membership of ninety boys. By livdepartment of education in his home ing in such clubs the boys not only land. Four years ago he came to have a home and good food, but are Syria, pious but fanatical. During able to save from twenty to thirtythis period he studied and played with five per cent of their wages. The boys Christians, Jews and Druzes; and now work at all sorts of trades. There are speaking in a Protestant Sunday- tailors, shoemakers, blacksmiths, carschool, he could sincerely state that he penters, photographers, surveyors, valued all men by their character pharmacists, marble-cutters, coopers. rather than by religious labels. Other members of the deputation were three In Cairo, Egypt, R. M. Davidson Greek Orthodox and a Druze. has found positions for 500 boys from N. E. R. orphanages in Greece. After Palestine Jewish Organization a recent visit to the boys and their employers Mr. Davidson says: REGULATIONS for the organiza- tion of the Jewish community in In not a single instance did I receive Palestine, formulated by the Per- a complaint of any importance, and in manent Mandates Commission of the every instance employers granted the League of Nations, have been sum- boys an increase of salary of a substanmarized as follows in Foreign Affairs: tial nature. Several of the boys have "There is to be an Assembly elected been able to bring their mothers and sison a very democratic basis by the ters and brothers from Greece and Turvotes of all adult Jews and Jewesses. key to their homes in Egypt, so that This Assembly will in turn elect a Na- many long-separated families are now tional Council or Executive Commit- united, solely through the boys' own eftee, which will supervise the general forts and success, without any expense affairs of the community as a whole to the Near East Relief. and will act as the representative body of Palestine Jewry. It is highly im- Speech of Persian Children portant to note that the Council will have vested in it general powers of F M. STEAD, writing from the taxation, which will be exercised for • Faraman Industrial Farm School the purposes of education, poor relief, near Kermanshah, Persia, says: "The care of orphans, care of the sick, and thing that I rejoice over more than the maintenance of religious and lay anything else, is the way the children have changed in character. Persia is a country of liars, and abusive and foul language seems to come easily

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

and without shame of thought, to the INDIA AND SIAM lips of all. Babies are taught to tell lies and say bad words when they are Strengthening NellT Converts first learning to talk. If a wee child calls his mother by some horrible REV.. J. ?,. TAYLOR, D.D., of the name, or tells his father that he is a Umted Church of Canada Misliar, all who are within hearing burst sion in Indore, Central India, writes nut laughing and think the child is of a visit to an out-station where very bright. These orphan children seven young men had been baptized of ours, when they came here, were about a month before: "We went to as bad as they well could be with re- the home of the leading man of the spect to the language they used and number, and by the light of our the lies they told. But the influence lanterns had worship on his humble of this Christian home and the love of verandah. Knowing that this little Jesus in their hearts have done away group was already being persecuted, with all that. Now I hardly hear an I spoke on our Lord's temptation, and unseemly word from their lips for sought to show that He was with them weeks at a time and, with one or two in their trials. Then the pastor from possible exceptions, I rarely catch one the little out-station who was with us of them telling a lie. Truly, the way on tour spoke out of his own ex- God touches the lives of little children perience in a most inspiring way. is beautifuL" Himself a converted Brahmin, he had faced more severe trials than these "Many Adversaries" in Iraq new converts would be likely ever to have to face. The Spirit of God was REV. MR. MOERDYK, of the manifestly present in our midst, and United Mission in Mesopotamia, I feel sure that these babes in Christ reports from AmaJ:ah: "'And there got a view of their new guru, their are many adversaries.' For some rea- new Lord and Master, such as they son the Mohammedan zealots of the had not dreamed of before." Sunnis and more particularly of the Nejf Shi'ahs seem to have taken to Ready to Be the First Martyr themselves the duty of arousing the people against our Christians and in- A MEMBER of the Christian and quirers . . . A man from Baghdad Missionary Alliance writes of an preached for three or four days to out-station of Sanand, Western India: large audiences in the mosque to "Opposition to the Gospel has been arouse the Mohammedans to be loyal very intense and active in this new and zealous in their religion and to center, and up until a few months ago slander the Jews and the Christians. our people were positively forbidden Our work was especially mentioned. to draw water from any well in the A man from Yemen passed through whole town. Consequently we had to Amarah and was used by the Shi'ahs pay for every drop of water our peoto address audiences on the subject of ple used. Last year we moved from our work. Three other religious the center of the city to a quieter spot ~eaders were sent in turn from Nejf, on the outskirts. At this time a new all of whom remained in the town for worker was stationed there. Upon his longer or shorter periods . . . There arrival he proceeded to draw water has been a spy among the inquirers, from the local well,. and, as we exwho visited the different religious pected, was immediately confronted by leaders to tell them the names of their all kinds of protests and threats from near apostates. You can imagine the the Hindus. The police then came on result." The adversaries opposing the the scene and declared Chuggan must work of Christ among the Moslems not take water from the well. Whereare numerous and persistent. Many upon Chuggan calmly replied, 'Withare blind; some are diabolical. out water my family and I will die; and if I take water from the well, you

will kill me, so I shall be the first this same man found it wise to avoid martyr for Christ in the Baroda the "fatted calf" when telling the State.' This settled the water strife story of the Prodigal Son. Christ's in Kadi. Since that day our people humble station in life in contrast to have drawn water with the Hindus." that of Buddha, born a preacher and married to a wealthy widow, is Loud Speaker Used stressed by one member of the con- ference. A converted holy man exl/fOHAMMEDANS have been the plained how Christ's purity impressed him in contrast to the questionable If.l first in India to make use of the life history of some of the gods and goddesses he was worshiping at the loud speaker in the service of religion. time of his conversion. For seven "This startling innovation," says The weeks these preachers and pastors, Indian Witness, "was made in Bom- ranging from twenty-two to seventybay on the occasion of the Id celebra- two years in age, studied, sang, ate tions at the close of the Ramazan fast, and slept together.-Missionary Herand did not go unchallenged by Mos- ald. lem orthodoxy. Thousands of 'the faithful' gathered on the Esplanade A Layman's Work in India Maidan for the Id service and namaz. The voice of the preacher was so mag- T HE Church Missionary Society renified and conducted through the ports that a fine piece of voluntary crowds that heard plainly all that was work is being carried on by J. P. said. Who will be the first to preach Bunter, who is public prosecutor in Christ to great mela crowds with the Poona and a former member of the help of the loud speaker? Such work, Bombay Legislative Council, at Hadapif undertaken, would have to be done sar, a village ne~r Poona. Schools with the consent of the organizers of have been opened, regular Christian the mela and in utmost consideration teaching is given, social service is of the feelings of the attendants, for carried on, and a very marked change it would be grossly unfair to force on has come over the life of the village. the crowds what many of them might Of this piece of work an Indian misseriously object to hearing. But we sionary of the C. M. S. goes on to are persuaded that there is a use for say that "the highest men in the land, the loud speaker on such occasions and from His Excellency the Viceroy that, if the opportunities thus pro- downwards, have gone and seen and vided are not abused, great good can have returned 'glorifying andpraisbe accomplished through them. The ing God for all the things that they chief difficulty to be met is the lack of have seen and heard.''' Mr. Bunter electricity where many great me/.as has been awarded the Kaisar-i-Hind are held but this difficulty will not be medal as a mark of the official appreencountered everywhere." ciation of his fine service.

Problems of Indian Pastors Militant Islam in India SOME of the difficulties that con- MOSLEMS in India, according to a front a Christian Indian preacher paper published in Lucknow, today are hinted at in the report "have had to face a revival of Hinduof a re-training class at United Di- ism as a proselytizing religion and vinity College, where forty Indian the Shuddhi and Sangathan move- Christian men sat together, absorbed ments devoted chiefly to the conin the study of various questions re- version of certain groups of Moslems lated to their work. One man told to Hinduism, the faith of their fahow a Brahmin rose and walked off thers. They have looked with deep because his sensibilities were offended feeling upon several scores of Rajput at the mention of the Disciples catching fish; and on another occasion,

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Moslem tribes returning to the Hindu OHINA field. Indian Moslems have been pushed into an effort to appraise them- Minionaries Back at Work selves to discover, if possible, what they ought to do in the new situation. ~~HOME again! If you have never They have discovered that they are been exiled from your home educationally a backward community and in relation to the vastly larger and work by circumstances over which Hindu community are very poor, both you had no control you cannot know in the sum total and the average of the joy that is ours to be back in their possessions, and last, but not Kaifeng!" So begins a letter written least, are very much in the minority. by Rev. Eugene Sallee, D.D., mission- Their leaders were aware of these ary of the Southern Baptist Convenfacts before the war but the com- tion, after he and Mrs. Sallee and munity has just discovered and begun some women missionaries had reto ponder them. They are organizing turned to their station, Kaifeng, and adjusting their forces, with a H 0 nan Province. It continues: three-fold program of intrenchment, "Though soldiers were everywhere in repulsion and aggression . . . The the compound and all missionaries' leaders of the movement use military homes occupied, still we found two terms, thus showing the militant atti- rooms in our house the first night. tude of present-day Islam in India to- We have our entire house now, and ward other religions." renovating, cleaning, aIring and scrubbing have kept seven or eight Tibetans in Darjeeling men busy for days. We began preaelI- ing twice a day to the wounded ,IN ENGLISH society, with head- soldiers in our school chapel the first Sunday after our return and carried 1"1. quarters in Darjeeling, on the In- on the two services throughout the week. Yesterday wa~ our second Sundian border of Tibet, reports: "Our day at home. It was a wonderful day. activities during the past year have The morning service was one that we been confined to Darjeeling. Tibet shall never forget. The chapel which seems faster closed than ever. Per- seats about six hundred was crowded mission to enter the country as mis- to capacity. The window sills, the sionaries is still refused. We have pulpit platform, and the aisles were continued the work of preaching in all full." the bazaar hall, in the Tibetan settlements, and at the rickshaw stands. Attitud.es of Chinese Stud.ent. Our ministry has also included services in English for the Union Church, TWENTY-ONE Y. M. C. A. student in the Tibetan Mission, and for the secretaries of China, in conference Nonconformist soldiers in barracks at at Hangchow Christian College, pre- Lebong. The religious obstacles to pared a summary of the situation as our Tibetan work are greater. There they see it among Chinese students. is a revival of Lamaism in the district. It was forwarded by T. Z. Koo, and A new monastery has been built with- reads in part as follows: (1) A genin a hundred yards of us. The lamas eral pessimism prevails among stuwalk in procession round the town reg- dents in their attitude towards the ulalrly, carrying the Lamaist scrip- Nationalist Movement. Their hopes tures. Ritualistic services are held at had been raised to a high pitch by the intervals in open spaces of the town, initial victories of the South. (2) A and lamas of rank are more numerous feeling of bewilderment as well as of than ever now. Display of this kind expectancy is noticeable among them. overawes the people, so that they seem They do not know where to turn for hypnotized by it-which is the aim of guidance and seem to be waiting for something to happen. Many are quite it all." slack in the matter of study. (3)

The problems which confront students work there very interesting as well as today are: (a) What should be our very far-reaching. The boys have attitude towards sex questions? (b) come from Chinese communities in What shall we do after graduation? fifteen different countries, in addition (c) How does communism as a theory to those from many provinces of and practice compare with the "Three China. A teacher who has been in the Principles of the People" of Dr. Sun? work for some years notices a great (d) What is a sane and true philoso- many differences in this student body phy of life for Chinese young men to- with its 'returned emigrant' Chinese day? (4) Many students are still as compared with the more purely 'nahostile or indifferent to religion, look- tive soil' group with which we dealt in ing upon it as something quite useless earlier years. Chinese teachers comin human life. plain that these fellows are not so pa- tient with the grinding task of learn- Ohinese MOJIle:ms Won ing to read and write Chinese, and not so ready to do what they are told DR. L. P. RAND, of the Borden to do. But no one will deny that they Memorial Hospital in Lanchowfu, are an interesting group." Kansu Province, writes of conditions in the neighboring city of Hochow: Foes in Anna:m "There is now a group of a dozen open believers, meeting more or less reg- I RVING R. STEBBINS writes from ularly at the hospital· for worship. Cochin China: "Annam with its One of these, not a local man, was 12,000,000 still waits in this year 1928 baptized in a near-by town a year or for the Gospel." The treaty existing so ago. No Moslem has yet been bap- between France and Annam gives the tized in Hochow, but one young man Catholic Church permission to carry who was driven .out of his home and on its propaganda, but says nothing shop because of his stand, was bap- regarding Protestant missions. The· tized by us here in Lanchow in Au- following editorial, however, recently gust. He has now gone to a distant appeared on the front page of the city to seek empioyment. He is the Saigon newspaper, L'Impartial: first Hochow Moslem to be baptized. Another man is preaching openly on A royal ordinance forbids the preachthe streets of that fanatical city, and ing of Protestantism in all the Kingdom was recently given a public beating by of Annam. It is evident that this meashis father who recognized the voice of ure has been taken for political motives, his son preaching outside the door of as this religion hardly conforms to our the food-shop where he happened to ideas. But it is certain that the treaties, be eating. This man and his wife are such as have been made between France holding daily services in their home, and Annam leave the Government the which are attended by quite a group right to decide thus. Mr. Fries, the of outsiders." French Governor, who has spent most of his career in Annam, understands the Schoolboys in Canton situation sufficiently not to ignore the meaning of this step. This is indeed · HE so-called Middle School, which strange in the light of the fact that the T prepares students for Lingnan Governor Mr. Fries is a Protestant him- self. In what direction are we headed? University (formerly Canton Christian College), is described by Henry JAPAN-KOREA B. Graybill; its principal from 1907 to 1926, when he was succeeded by a Japa.:ilese S. S. Delegates Chinese, as having a "very varied and active and open-minded student body." T HE delegation of more than two He says: "The cosmopolitan cha·racter hundred Japanese Christians who of the middle school has made the are coming to the Tenth World's Sun- day-School Convention in Los Angeles, July 11th-18th, is believed to be the greatest Christian pilgrimage in his- tory from a non-Christian land to a

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

world's Christian gathering. The Na- "Here we found a strong, though tional Sunday-School Association of small, group of Christian students, led Japan was the first to be organized on by an outstanding Christian Japanese a representative basis in any foreign teacher. This, because it is indigenous country. The Japanese have raised and self-sustaining, is a more healthy the largest amount of money for re- and vigorous organization than the ligious education that has ever been usual like group in a mission school, raised in any non-Christian country, where it is hard to keep out of the but they need financial aid in carry- church and Y. M. C. A. because the ing out their plans for a headquarters school authorities are backing them.

building in Tokyo. It is proposed, In the non-Christian school only those therefore, that advantage be taken of with personal conviction and will- the visit of these Japanese Christians power are likely to brave the hostile by taking offerings in Sunday-school attitude of the majority, including or church services, and by securing often the most powerful faculty men.

subscriptions to create a Goodwill Again, as on several recent occasions, Fund to put into the hands of the we were fairly astonished at the faCt delegates as they return to Japan. that within the buildings of a govern- ment school it was permitted to hold A Japanese Widow's Gift an evangelistic meeting."

BISHOP NAIDE, of the Protestant Episcopal Church in Japan, writes Buddhist Unity T from the Diocese of Osaka: "You have HE Buddhist high priest, Yamada, of the Nissenji Temple in Nagoya, heard of our orphanage, the Hakuaisha.

A Japanese widow with no children Japan, has thus described the origin has been so much struck by the de- of that temple: "When the late King voted labors of Miss Hayashi and the Chulalongkorn of Siam so gracefully other workers that last year she made offered to Japan a golden image of a donation of $25,000 with which we Buddha, Buddhism in my country was have built a mothers' house for wom- divided against itself. There were en and their babies. We have also thirteen different sects, to which were started a kindergarten and a night attached hundreds of lesser sects.

school for factory girls. The giver of There was very little cooperation be- this magnificent gift, Naruo Toku, tween these sects. The teachings of made it at her baptism as a sign that Buddha were being lost through in- she gave herself and all that she had ternal strife. Therefore, when the to our Lord. She went the day before announcement was made of the King's her baptism to the temple with which gift, Buddhism in Japan was faced her family had been connected, to tell with a great problem. Each sect the priest that she was becoming a wished to have the honor of accepting Christian and to take leave of him, the King's gift! But, encouraged by and next day I baptized her. She has the Government, the sects finally determined to leave the remainder of united in order to receive it. There- her property after her death for the suit was the establishment of the Nis- same work. Such a thing has not senji Temple in Nagoya. Each of the hitherto been known in the history of fifty-eight sects of Buddhism now in the Church in Japan." Japan now has its representative in this temple, which unites all the Bud- Christians in GoverlUllent Schools dhists in Japan. Small grievances are AMEMBER of the Omi Mission, forgotten. All are working together to Japan, which was referred to in disseminate the teachings of Buddha. the May REVIEW, writes thus of a visit We are going to build a still greater to the city of Oita, where there is a temple to receive the King's gift.

government commercial college, to When this was announced, gifts speak to its Student Y. M. C. A.: poured in from all parts of Japan. We

now have three million yen for this the following testimony, quoted in the purpose." Evangelical Christian and Missionary Witness: "I thank God that He made Korean Gives Store me a leper. One time I knew nothing about Jesus, but now He stop alonga A RECENT occurrence in Syenchun, my heart. You know sometimes you Korea, is thus described by a see beautiful box, very nice outside, Presbyterian missionary: "During an but when you open it, nothing stop inindustrial exposition in the city, the side. And sometimes you see ugly old Christians took advantage of the pres- box, no good at all, but when you open ence of thousands of outsiders to do it, beautiful jewel stop inside. That evangelistic work among them. Six like me: this body no good, he soon groups of workers were organized, go finish, and you can throw him each to hold meetings in a different alonga rubbish-heap, but I got beautisection of the city. One of the most ful jewel. Jesus stop alonga my heart, desirable spots for meetings was a and when I die, He take me to be with store building on the main street near Him. Before 1 was a leper, 1 not know the entrance to the exposition. It be- Him, so now 1 thank God He made me longed to a Christian who was expect- a leper." ing to rent it to exhibitors for the six days of the fair, and the evan- Trained Filipino S. S. Teachers gelistic committee approached him with an offer of the same rent he T HE Philippine Islands Sunday would have asked anyone else. 'For school Union conducts daily vacapreaching – evangelistic work 7' he tion Bible Schools throughout the issaid. 'No, I can't rent it to you under lands, from Cazayan, in the north to those circumstances.' 'But,' the com- the Visayas and Minanao, in the south. mittee protested, 'you were willing Well-attended institutes for the teachto rent it to exhibitors for the fair.' ers have been held in Silliman Insti- The Korean owner enjoyed his little tute, Dumaguete, in Harris Memorial joke a moment longer and then said, School and Ellinwood School of Manila 'I can't rent it to you. The only way in Girls' Training School at Lingayen you can have that place for preaching and in various small centers. It is is to take it for nothing.' " reported that every Presbyterian con- gregation in Manila and south of Evangelistic CRlJ1paign Manila planned to have at least two representatives in the preparatory T HE Presbyterian churches in school. The Teacher Training Depart- Pyengyang City have decided to ment of the Union is now in the midst make the present year a year of of its fifth year. There has been a special evangelistic effort. Plans are steady increase in the number enbeing made to erect a temporary tent- rolled. There are now 1,017 students covered structure in the center of the from all parts of the Philippines, 418 city to seat five thousand people and of whom are Methodists, 185 Disto hold a union revival meeting next ciples, 176 Presbyterians, 84 United fall. An aggressive preparatory cam- Brethren, 44 Baptists, 44 United paign of house-to-house visitation and Church, 33 Congregationalists, 20 special prayer meetings will be con- Christian Missionary Alliance and 53 ducted for months in advance of the who are non-affiliated. Certificates and revival meeting. Twelve churches seals covering 25,000 units have been will have part in this campaign. earned in five years, of which 12,000 were granted to Methodists. There are ISLANDS OF THE SEA 27 graduates and 20 of these are Methodists. A Leper Boy's "Jewel Inside"

AT AN open-air meeting, a Kanaka .tl. boy in the South Sea Islands gave

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columna will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

THE TWENTY-FIVE BEST BOOKS Why is this? Home Mission books ON HOME MISSIONS are being produced constantly. Why Suggested by the Department of Educa- are they not read by the ministers? tion and Publicity, Presbyterian Board of .National Missions Is it that our pastors read them un- awares, not recognizing them as such?

Twenty-five "outstanding" books With the present boundaries of Home would have been a less dangerous at- Missions shading off on one side into tempt of course. A list of "best" the general work of the Church, and on books is always an impossible venture. the other into social service and edu- Yet in any case an endeavor of this cation, it is not difficult to enter its sort calls out more dissent than agree- preserves unwittingly. Perhaps we ment. If diversity of opinion is for- suffer from a period when our field tunately inevitable, let us provoke and· also our aims are being redefined.

from the opposition its liveliest pro- Or has Home Missions lost its ro- test. Therefore, your blessing, please, mance? Is it still seen as a crusade on the title! "to make America Christian"? Or But are there Twenty-five Best does it appear an affair of drab Books on Home Missions? Certainly drudgery, pinching along with a near- not, in the minds of the pastors. That sighted stoop? Why do not the pastors is, if we may conclude anything from read Home Missions? Shall we hlame a restricted sampling of their infor- them? Shall we blame the books? Or mation. A dozen, scattered through- shall we look somewhere else? Cer- out the country, more or less prom- tainly if the pulpit is unread in this inent, young and old, were invited to field, the pew will lack interest and insuggest books for this list. One New formation. .• York pastor responded: "My knowl- But are there Twenty-five Best edge of this field is so slight that what Books on Home Missions? In addition suggestions I could make would be to the pastors a group of Home Mis- almost worthless." Another replied: sion executives and missionary edu- "My reading of books on this subject cation leaders were asked to cooperate is very limited." A third, in an in the making of the list. One re- eastern state, writes: "I am not well ported inability to suggest any books.

enough acquainted with the material But twelve others, representing eight to be able to give you the names of 25 various denominations, responded with books that I could recommend." A more successful efforts. Something pastor on the Pacific Coast regrets also over one hundred and ten titles were his inability. States a fifth: "I have mentioned altogether, though no one not kept abreast of Home Mission lit- of them received more than five votes.

erature for several years. There is, Of this total only twelve were books of however, one suggestion. There is no biography, half of them out of print.

better Home Mission book that I know Twenty-two were mission study books.

of than The Acts of the Apostles." Their number may suggest the ques- Only one of those approached offered a tion of their evaluation. What does it more extended list. mean for Home Missions that so many 603

of its books are of this character? 3. Hall Young of Alaska. An Auto- biography of S. Hall Young, D.D. Excellwt on the whole for their pur- $4. Fleming H. Revell Company. pose,theY yet partake of the nature of The fifty years that Dr. Young textbooks; and textbooks are not spent in Alaska saw the transition noted for their universal appeal. The of a primitive people from heathen- ism to civilized life, from tribal production of mission study books is customs to an orderly government, definitely promoted. Well and good. and from paganism to the Chris- tian faith. Dr. Young is a story But are we wise in limiting promotion teller, and with incident and aneclargely to this type of book? dote makes every page vivid. A book to be read aloud of an eve- But now for our list. What do we ning. mean in it by a Home Mission book? 4. Frank Higgins, Trail Blazer. Thomas A glance at the list will show that it is based on a rather broad definition. D. Whittles. Cloth, $0.75; paper, Included are not only books on the $0.50. Missionary Education Move- ment. "I love these fellows. I love Home Mission enterprise as such, but to pick them out of the gutter. also volumes which treat its environ- It's more fun than helping Pharing problems, particularly in the field isees . . . They say it's no place for a minister. But the dirt of social and race relations. One or doesn't shock me. I'm thinking of two selections may appear also to stray clean souls"-this was Frank Hig-. into the field of general church ac- gins' approach to the lumberjack. tivity. But jf Home Missions is con- Though written for young people, sidered as expressing the purpose of this book is of interest to all lovers of heroes. the Church to make America Chris- 5. Francis Asbury, the Prophet of the tian, our whole list finds itself ade- Long Road. Ezra Squier Tipple, quately covered. D.D., LL.D. Illustrated. $3. The Methodist Book Concern. This is The books have been chosen with an a personal estimate, not a biogeye for "the man in the pew." They raphy, of one of the great repreare selected for the adult general sentatives of the Methodist movereader. Recency and availability are ment. The story is told with rare also considered. If our information is skill, and the portraiture is graphic and lifelike. correct, none of the books are out of 6. The Life and Labors of Bishop Hare, print, and by far the greater number Apostle to the Sioux. M. A. De- have been published during the last Wolfe Howe. $1. Sturgis and five years. It is regretted that no Walton Company; (Purchase from books on the Indians, and certain The Book Store, Church Missions other important groups are included. House, 281 Fourth Avenue, New York.) At the age of thirty-four, History and Biogra.phy after a successful pastorate and administrative career, Bishop Wil- 1. The Story of Missions. Edwin E. liam H. Hare was elected Mission- White. Cloth, $1; paper, $0.60. ary Bishop of Nebraska. Convinced Missionary Education Movement. that the heathen Indians of this A picture of the great on-moving country needed the Gospel, and missionary endeavor throughout better treatment from the white the centuries. Chapters on the man, he accepted the challenge. planting of Christian missions in the New World and the winning of Fields or Groups America. A background book; brief, vivid, readable. 7. Our Jewish Neighbors. John Stuart 2. The Frontier Spirit in American Chris- Conning. $1.50. Fleming H. tianity. Peter G. Mode, A.M., Revell Company. Dr. Conning Ph.D. $1.75. The Macmillan Com- calls this book "An Essay in pany. That the frontier spirit has Understanding"-a general survey had its influence on both American of Jewish conditions, chiefly in history and American literature, America, and a discussion of the students readily admit. Basing main problems involved in Jewish his premises on available source evangelization. material, the author seeks to show 8. The Land of Saddle-Bags. James Watt that the frontier has likewise given American Christianity distinctive Raine. $1.50. Missionary Educa- characteristics. tion Movement. A study of the Mountain People of the Appa-

1!)28] 1300J(S WORTH READING

lachia. These folk were isolated ulation and environment that are once, but are being modified now in inherent in urban development. ways, pleasures,· homes, and pur- poses by an oncoming civilization Social and Race Questions which awaited only the building of roads. 14. The Church and Social Relations.

9. The Farmer's Church. Warren H. Hubert C. Herring and Benson Y. Landis. $1. The Pilgrim Press. Wilson, Ph.D. $2. The Century As a textbook for discussion and Company. Born on a mountain for general reading, it is designed farm in Pennsylvania, taught his to stimulate thinking and action a, b, c's in a "little red school- about social relations on the part house," pastor of a country parish, of young people's and adult groups Dr. Wilson has always been a in church schools and in other or- strong advocate of evangelism in ganizations. the country church and of religion 15. Christianity and the Race Problem. as the only thing which can really J. H. Oldham, M.A. Cloth, $2.25; bless the sacrifice and toil of life paper, $1. George H. Doran Com- on a farm. pany. The theme is well set forth in the Preface: "The question with 10. The Trend of the Races. George E. which this book deals is whether the Christian Church has any con- Haynes, Ph.D. $0.50. Missionary tribution to make to the solution Education Movement. Obviously, of the problems involved in the states the Foreword, if our neigh- contact of different races in the bor is to be loved, he must be world today; and if so what is the known: his racial mind and spirit, nature of that contribution and his handicaps, his achievements, how it can best be made." his capaCities, his honor, and his 16. Business and the Church. Edited by goals. Here the author is speak- Jerome Davis. $2.50. The Cen- ing dispassionately but authorita- tury Company. The editor asked tively for his own, the Negro race. twenty-one prominent business He deals, too, with the trend of the leaders in the United States to white world, closing constructively state their views as to ways and with suggestions for bringing means of translating Christianity about interracial peace and good- into the everyday life of the na- will. tion. The book is a symposium of these views. 11. That Mexican. Robert N. McLean. 17. Christian Ideals in Industry. F. Ernest Johnson and Arthur E. $2. Fleming H. Revell Company. Holt. $0.75. The Methodist Book This timely book discusses "the Concern. If the Christian people common denominator between the have fairly clear in their minds the United States and Mexico," the essential principles of Christianity, Mexican immigrant who in recent what do those principles require in years especially has crowded across terms of industrial life? The authors frankly reply, "The Chris- our southern border. One half the tian ideal for industry cannot be volume sketches delightfully the once for all prescribed; it must be modern Mexico from which he worked out." comes; the other half his activi- ties, his contributions, and his General problems here in the United States. 18. The Adventure of the Church. Samuel 12. Peasant Pioneers. Kenneth D. Miller. McCrea Cavert. Cloth, $1; paper, $0.60. Missionary Education Move- Cloth, $1; paper, $0.60. Mission- ment. This is a study of the mis- ary Education Movement. The sionary genius of Christianity. It European backgrounds, the recep- sketches vividly the expansion of tion in America, the daily tasks, Christianity, summarizes results of the community life and religious the missionary enterprise at home life, and the future of these Slavic and abroad, analyzes new problems pioneers are limned with the brush before the Church throughout the of a master. Here is a summation world, and shows fresh applica- of our home mission work with the tions of the Christian missionary immigrant. spirit in the life of today.

13. The Church in the Changing City. H. 19. What Next in Home Missions. Wil- liam P. Shriver. Cloth, $1; paper, Paul Douglass. $4. George H. $0.60. Missionary Education Move- Doran Company. Dr. Douglass here studies intensively sixteen big city churches, each one of which has faced and solved, in its own way, the ever-recurring problem of the church in the city-how. to keep pace with the changes of pop-

ment. Our frontiers, says the The Highwayman and Other Stories. A. author, are now measured not so B. Lloyd. 8 vo. 67 pp. Illustrated. much in terms of distance as in 18. London. 1927. terms of human and social need, of relationships in the community, Three stories give an insight into in industry, and among the races the African's search for truth, his of the world. His aim is to bring the reader to a study of these sit- realization that somewhere is a Higher uations within his own community, Being and his deep desire to find a and through experiment to help God of Love, instead of one of Hate find ways "by which the purpose and Revenge. The stories are enter- of Christ can be made increasingly tainingly told, and will make an espe- potent in a highly involved and cial appeal to young readers. H. H. F. complicated machine age."

20. United Churches. Elizabeth R. Hooker. The Measure of Margaret. Isabel"Brown $2.75. George H. Doran Com- Rose. 8 vo. 256 pp. $1.75. New pany. Nearly a thousand united York. 1927. churches have taken the place of weak and competing denomina- This clever, freshly written love tional churches in the rural dis- story is interwoven with entertaining tricts of America covered by this pen pictures of England and Italy, as study. The author tells how these well as of India, but the missionary united churches have developed; theme is a mere fringe for the tale. how they have met their puzzling One reaches the last page in some dis- problems; how they have affected appointment that it has been so sub- the church situation in their com- munities; and how denominational ordinated to the love plot. H. H. F. and interdenominational organi:za- tions have reacted toward them. The Golden Stool: Some Aspects of the Flotlon Conflict of Cultures in Modern Africa. Edwin W. Smith. Pp. xvi, 328. $1.50.

21. We Must March. Honore Willsie Mor- New YOJ;k. 1928. row. $2. Stokes Publishing Com- This mystifying but appropriate pany. We Must March can now be title is thus explained: "The Golden purchased for 75c. from A. L. Burt Stool came to the Ashanti people out Company, the publisher. A Novel of a cloud amid the rumbling of of the Winning of Oregon. "The thunder. Worshiped for a magical more I read of Narcissa and Mar- change in fortune which it wrought, cus Whitman, of Jason Lee, of Sir it became the embodiment of the na- George Simpson, of Dr. McLough- tion's soul, and long after the en- lin," writes the author, "the more croachment of the white man was I am convinced that their lives be- zealously guarded as the emblem and longed not only to the historical but reminder of Ashanti identity." also to the writer of sagas. .. Only the saga could hope to picture the While Dr. Smith has not extended beauty and poignancy of the ef- his illustration of the Golden Stool to forts and the sacrifices that made seven volumes, as Sir James Fraser their plain human lives heroic." A novel of compelling interest. "

22. The Quare Women or The Glass Win- did his famous "Golden Bough," he has used his limited space to set forth dow. Lucy Furman. Each $2. a wonderful array of facts which il- Little, Brown, and Company. De- luminate the varied conflict of cul- lightful word pictures of the south- tures found in the Negro Africa of ern highlanders, drawn by one our time. who began missionary work among them a number of years ago. In- teresting books for group reading. The contrast between the Continent The reader will graciously note that in 1876 and 1926 is almost unbeliev- to safeguard amply the right of pri- able, as he sketches it graphically: vate judgment, only twenty-two of the material progress of world importance, twenty-five "best" are listed above. won by European avarice at the cost That the most unfortunate omissions of Negro liberty and independence.

" may be wisely supplied, the remaining Even the most valuable aid coming to three are to be chosen. by him. the African through Christian mis-

BOOKS WORTH READING

sions has been so unwittingly misap- with an emphasis on an education that plied in some respects, that Negroes have lost part of their racial heritage. will best develop Negroes and serve Yet our author is not writing like "Trader Horn" to please the general personal and missionary purposes. public by a mixture of facts and unfounded fancies, the latter to dispar- Our duty is pressed upon the reader's age Christian missions. He shows instead, how much Christian teaching conscience in a brief epilogue. The and influence have changed the situation. book contains the fairest, most sym- Dr. Smith's aim is to clarify the pathetic, most commendable presenta- African situation by telling his readers in what the nobility of the tion of the African Negro and of race consists. The African's worth is set forth under the headings, "What Christian efforts in his behalf, just as the Blacks Have Thought of the Whites," "What the Whites Have "Trader Horn" supplies a misrepre- Thought of the Blacks," "Superstitions Regarding the African," and "The sentation of missionary efforts in be- New Attitude of Respect." As we read of the problems arising from half of Africa. H. P. B. commerce and industry, the fundamental questions of population and Guidance Through Life's Contradictions. land, and read of the way in which Don. O. Shelton. 12 mo. 151 pp. $1. Negroes have been governed and how New York. 1928. they are ruled today, we can see that the indirect rule of Basutoland, Nothing is more important for the Uganda and Northern Nigeria is Christian than to be able to distinvastly more developing and Christian guish clearly between the devil's hinthan the direct rule of Germany in the drances and the Lord's turning aside; Cameroons and in East Africa, or between Satan's allurements as an even the methods of assimilation in angel of light and the Lord's guidance, French possessions. This indirect often in the dark. Dr. Shelton has had method, while "checking the worst many years of experience in the abuses, tries to graft our higher civ- Lord's leadings and has found that ilization on the soundly-rooted native they are always forward. The meditastock, bringing out the best of what tions in this volume are on Scriptural is in the native tradition and mould- truth, illustrated with lives of God's ing it into the form consonant with servants. They are not a record of modern ideas and higher standards, God's dealings with the National and yet all the time enlisting on our Bible Institute but have those experiside the real force and the spirit of ences as a background. They will be the people." helpful to any earnest soul seeking to see and follow God's leading. The value of Islam to the African is first set forth in an honest attempt to Young Hearts in Old lapan. Maude show the best in Mohammedanism, Madden. 159 pp. $1.50. New York. and then the author kindly shows the 1926. other side of the shield. The place of Christianity is also set forth, both in These sketches of Japanese friends its imperfect presentation and in its show the author to be a keen and more perfect impartation, mainly sympathetic observer, and an excelthrough friendly, godly living. The lent story teller. Each portrait is a varied departments of missionary en- peephole into events that could never deavor are described and evaluated, occur on "Main Street" but which happen to folk who are surprisingly like one's next-door neighbors. Unfa- miliar customs, a strange environ- ment, and daily habits of thought and conduct, so foreign to impetuous, in- dependent American ways, are por- trayed in warm colors. Through Mrs. Madden's understanding eyes we see beneath these superficial dif- ferences in "beating human hearts that laugh and weep" like our own.

Her friends appear so interesting, so There are sixty pages with a separate lovable that we wish we could know story almost on every page.

and enjoy them, so pitiful and patient Vol. II-Tat·o and Vme is com- that we want to share with them the posed of two longer stories about chil- freedom and joys that grow out of the dren in Japan, and is suited to readers Christian life. G. P. C. a year or two older. 'fhe pictures in both books are realistic, and the Christianity or Religlon. Arno C. Gaebe· stories are written in a way that will lein. 12 mo. 176 pp. $1.50. New York. help to bridge the gap of race dif. 1928. ference with the spirit of Him who said, "Other sheep have I which are Dr. Gaebelein is a Bible student and not of this fold. "-w. G. H. well informed on religion and philosophy. He is a clear thinker and has here presented forcefully the radical Arnot of Africa. Nigel B. M. Grahame.

difference between the revealed re- 59 pp.

ligion, the "good news" that came Moffat of Africa. Norman J. Davidson. 12 mo. 59 pp. 65 cents each. New York. through Jesus Christ, and the world's 1925. religions that have been evolved from human thought and experience. Any The lives of these two, missionary who are confused on these points will heroes of Africa make fascinating be set ril>'ht by a careful reading of stories of adventure for children. At Dr. Gaebelein's exposition of Chris- the same time they reveal the guid· tianity as contrasted with religion. ance and power of God as experienced by these two remarkable men in their The Triumph of an Indian Widow- brave and victorious lives among l'andita Ramabai. Mary L. B. Fuller. wild beasts and savage men.

75e paper. 12 mo. 72 pp. New York.

1928. Memories of the Mission Fields. Christine The romance and inspiration of I. Tinling. Foreword by F. B. Meyer. Ramabai's life have been felt, not only in India, but in all Christian circles. 158 pp. $1.25. Philadelphia. 1927. Here the story is given by one who was born in India and who knew This book is frankly not an attempt Ramabai well. This biography is to give a connected account of mission worth reading, not only as the life work in anyone country, though the story of one who had an unusual character and history, but as a record scenes and stories from China preof God's faithfulness and power in dominate. As Dr. Meyer says in his directing and caring for one who de- foreword, "These pages contain the pended on Him. Ramabai's work still record of many phases of life and continues, though she has gone to her work which have arrested her interest. reward. We may call them snapshots which re- veal traits and characteristics salient to the vast populations of the Far East."

Miss Tinling has traveled exten- Everyland Children. 60 pages each. sively in mission lands and has been 25 cents, paper; 50 cents board covers. associated with workers of many na- Cambridge, Mass. 1927. tionalities and denominations, between Vol. I-J'ust Like Yau, published 1920 and 1924.

by the Central Committee on the She has emphasized particularly the United Study of Foreign Missions, evangelistic side of mission work, giv- North Cambridge, Mass, is the first ing many instances of lives trans- book of stories for children about five formed by the Gospel of Christ. She years of age, in a series by Mrs. Lucy voices her deep conviction in these W. Peabody. They can be read or words, "One thing at least I learned told to younger children even, who in the Orient, namely, that nobody can will take great delight in the attrac· appreciate missionary work until he tive pictures that adorn the book. sees it for himself." M. s. P.

The Missionary Review of the World — October 1927

OCTOBER, 1927

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DEPT. No. 20 '~"'- NEW YORK ~e MOSLEM WORLD A Quarterly Review of current events, literature, and thought among Mohammedans and the progress of Christian Missions in Moslem lands.

Edited by REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., F.R.G.S.

cA.sodate EditOT.

PR.OF. D. B. MACDONALD, D.D., Hartford, Conn. REV. MURRAY T. TITUS, B.Litt., India CANON W. H. T. GAIRDNJ:R, B.A., Cairo MR. MARSHAI..[' BROOMHALL, London REV. H. U. WEITBR~CHT STANTON, London REv. E. M. WHERRY, D.D., India PROF. WM. G. SHlU.I.ABnAR, D.D .• Hartford, Conn. PROF. ARTHUR JEFFERY, Cairo, Egypt PROF. S. RALPH HARLOW, Northampton. Mass.

T HE Moslem World was founded in 1911 to follow up the work of the conferences on evangelization of Moslems, held at Cairo in 1906 and at Lucknow in 1911. It is unique in its outlook, at once on phases and conditions of contemporary Islam, and on the missionary work of all sections of the Christian Church among Moslems, WHAT SOME READERS SAY "THE MOSLEM WORLD is the best source of information in the English language with regard to religious movements among the Mohammedan peoples and with regard to Christian Missions to Moslems. It deals with the literature that relates to Islam and Irslamic ,Peoples _and it is indispens- able to all those who arc interested in their evangelization. Its attitude wlth reference to the world's need of Christ and the sufficiency of the Christian Gospel is unwavering but it deals with the great issue of Islam and Christianity with Christian kindness and goodwill."-RoBERT E. SPEER, D.D., Secretary Board Foreign Missions Presbyterian Church~ U. S. A.

"THE MOSLEM WORLD is indispensable for all friends of foreign missions who wish to remain in touch with the rapid and kaleidoscopic changes among the two hundred and thirtYMfour millions of Moslems. There is at present no livmg person commanding such worldMwide and intimate knowledge of the problems connected with the Moslem world as tho editorMinMchief of this Quarterly." -DR. JULIUS RICHTtR, D.O., Professor of Science of Missions, University of Berlin.

MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CO., 156 Fifth Ave., New York City Price in U. S. A., $2.00 or 50 cents per copy; in Britain, 8s. per annum. or 2s. per copy Please menUon THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON. EJitor CONTENTS FOR OCTOBER, 1927 Page FRONTISPIECE …… CENTRAL A}'RIC'A MISSION FIELD OF THE LATE DAN CRAWFORD MOSLEM LIFE IN RUMANIA AND BULGARIA …………SAMUEL M. ZWEMER 725 A report of observation;; and information gathered on a reolmt tour in South· oostern Europe. Some revelations of the prevalence ot Islam in the Balkan States. TRE CEASEL,ESS INNER URGE …………………………… S. D. GDRDON 732 A strikim,g study of the motive and power of the Christian missionary. enterprise as viewed by the author of the famous" Quiet Talks." WRY CHRISTIAN MISSIONS~ …………………….. P. WHITWELL WILSON 737 The authw of "The Christ We Forget" and other well-known volumes, gives reasons why Chris·tian mis8ionary alJtivity hoUls 81Lch an important and essential prave in the work of the Christian Church. SEVENTEEN YEARS IN THE PERSIAN GULF ……………. C. S. G. MYLREA 743 One of tke well·known missionaries of the Reformed Church tells of his experienoes among fanat;;oa~ anti-Christian Arabs ana shows the opportu.nities for in{})'ease-a missionary eilart. MOHAMMED AND THEOPHOLIS …………………….. OALVIN K. STAUDT 747 The head o<f a Christian boys' ..chool in Mesopotamia giv'es some interesting experiences in dealing with Mohanumedan boys. A FOCAL POINT FOR MOSLEM SEEKERS …………………… E. E. ELDER 749 A mil8sionary too.oher in aairo desoribes the influence of a Christian schoo~ ana: the seO/J'oh of followers of Mohantmed fot' the truth. TESTS OF SPIRITUAL LIFE ……………………… SADHU SUNDAR SINGH 751 The famous Indian Christian" holy man" expresses in Orilmtal style his interpre· tation of Christian truth. A GREAT AFRICAN CHRISTIAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H. W. FEET 753 A sket"" of the life and work of J. E. K. Aggrey, one Of the most intelligent and outstandmg of African Christians who won honot's in American universities. AN EXPERIMENT IN AFRICAN EDUCATION ………………… F. W. COBB 755 The story of the purpose and: progress of the ed,ueationa~ institution in West· Africa to which Dr. Aggrey intended to devote his life. AMONG THE MEIXICANS IN TEXAS …………….. .TOSEPH MARTIN DAWSON 757 A picture of conrlcitions on the American side of the Rio Grande, showing the need and opportunities for evange1ical work. WALDENSIAN CHURCHES IN SICILy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F. S. GOODMAN 759 ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON AND MISSIONS …………….. . .T. W. BURTON 761 TAKEN FOR KIDNAPPERS ………………………………. H. J. SHEET'S 764 BEST METHODS FOR USING MISSION STUDY BOOKS .MRS. DAN B. BRUMMITT 765 A MISSIONARY HIS'l'ORY TEST ON MOSLEM LANDS …… BELLE M. BRAIN 770 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN . . . . . . . EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN! 771 WOM'AN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN …… EDITED BY ELLA D. MAOLAURIN 774 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ………………………………………… 776 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY ……………………………………….. 793 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, liD cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published mont~ly. Copyrighted, 1927, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. All l'l.ghts reserved.

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc, Robert E. Speer. President Wm. 1. Chamberlain, Vice-President Delavan L. Pierson, Secretary Walter McDougall, Treasurer Publication om••, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Editorial and Business Omce. 156 l"lttl> Avenue. Pa.. 25c" COPy. $2.50 a year. New York City Entered aa second-class matter at the Poet omce. Harrisburg, Pa.. under Act or March 3. 1879. PERSONALS DR. WILFRED GRENFELL of Labrador has Quadruple Dividends been made lly IGpg George of England a knight of the order of St. Michael and St. FROM George. Annuity Agreements * CASH DIVIDENDS-To the donor during life. DR. WILLIAM R. KING, formerly pastor of an important church in St. Lonis and re- Based on age when gift is made. cently district secretary of the Board of National Missions of the Presbyterian SPIRITUAL DIVIDENDS-To Ihe donor during life. Church, has recently accepted the position "It is more blessed to give than to receive." of execntive secretary of the Home Missions CASH DIVIDENDS-To tbe project named by Ihe Council with offices at 105 E. 22nd Street, New York. donor.

* Any regular missionary work may be supported. RT. REV. PETER TRIMBLE ROWE, D.D., Bishop of Alaska, unable to await the government boat for the Arctic, made the trip to Tiagara from Nome and return by airplane for the visitation of missions.

~ SPIRITUAL DIVIDENDS-To tbe people reached as a result of your gift. THE REV. CHARLES E. VERMILYA, who was formerly superintendent of frontier work The life that is brought to Christ in the Methodist Episcopal Board of Home is the great dividend. Missions, and recently secretary of the Home Missions Council, has been appointed ex- For further informati"n write ; ecutive secretary of the New York State Council of Churches. His office is 105, East Morna W. Ehnes, Treasurer. Board 01 For. Twenty-second Street, New York City. agD Mi.lions 01 the Methodist Epitcopal Church, * 150 Filth Avenue, New York. N. Y., or MRS. DOUGLAS THORNTON, whose late hus- W. J. Elliott, Treasurer. Board 0/ Home Mi•• band was once a leader in the British Student Movement and a C. M. S. missionary .ionl and Church Extension "I the Methodist Episco. to Egypt, has been appointed a full secre- pal Chwch. 170 I Arch Street, Philadelphia. Pa. tary by the Church Missionary Society-the first woman to be called to such a position.

OBITUARY first Protestant church in Alaska, and was the author of "Alaska Days with John DR. GEORGE E. KING, head of the Borden Muir," "Adventures in Alaska, " and" The Memorial Hospital at Lanchow, KansuProv- Klondike Klan" and other volumes. His inee, China, and son of a veteran mission- autobiography is now in the hands of Flemary of the China Inland Mission, was ing H. Revell Co. drowned while fleeing, with fellow missionaries, on rafts from Lanchow. * * WILLIAM MOQUERE, a converted safe cracker and, for about twenty years, an REV. WILLIAM T. ELSING, D.D., an au- earnest Christian worker and superintendent thority on City Missions and for forty years of the McAuley Cremorne Mission of the pastor of De Witt Memorial Church, New National Bibt'e Institute, died suddenly of York City, nntil his retirement a few years heart disease on September 5th. ago, died in Merano, Italy, early in August, aged seventy-six years. COMING EVENTS * Octobe,. 4th to 6th-The Missionary Edu- eation Movement is to hold an important REV. S. HALL YOUNG, D.D., for nearly conference on Mission Study at Pocono fifty years a Presbyterian missionary in Manor, Pa. Alaska, died as the result of a trolley accident near Clarksburg, West Virginia, on ** September 2nd, 1927. Dr. Young would have been eighty years old on September The annual meeting of the Interdenomi- 12th. He was born in Butler, Pa., and at- national Council on Spanish-Speaking Work tended the University of Wooster, and will be held in San Antonio, Texas, from Princeton Theological: Seminary. Nearly December 14-18, 1927. fifty years ago, he was married to Miss Fannie E. Kellogg in Sitka. He was the Preparations are now being made in Engcompanion of John Muir, the naturalist, and land and America for the celebration of the in the gold rush to the Klondike in 1898, Three Hundredth Anniversary of the birth and carried on his missionary work by of John Bunvan in 1928. The American canoe and dog team to many settlements Tract Society' expects, as a part of its plan in this vast territory. He organized the for the celebration, to raise a fund of $25, 000 to print new editions of "Pilgrim's Progress" in many languages.

PI."… mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD In wrIting to advertIsers. o BELGIAN CONGO ~ LUBA 4.j .e; Katnevwe 8'

. .. LOU B A • Nielllbu 1<und,. ~ 6,'<?-· • … Sv· '.0-.–~'.-.~~'!ijl. lfu lenge . . . . . ._ o LAM Scal. lliles MISSION STATIO~S WITH RESIDENT WHITE NATIVE CHURCIIES WITHOUT ,RESIOENT WHITE RESIDENT EVANGELISTS" PRIMARY SCHOOL 270 28"

MISSION FIELD OF THE LATE DAN CRAWFORD, OENTRAL AFRIGA This map, drawn by Dr. Tilsley, Mr. Crawford '8 nephew and successor, shows the extent of the territory (200 by 300 miles) occupied by the Luanza Mission. Note the number of mission stations and outstations, with churches and with resident Afriean evangelists and native schools. The neighboring territory, occupied by the Methodist Episcopal Church, London Missionary Society and Congo Evangelistic Mission, is also indicated. L TEN Moslem Life in Rumania and Bulgaria BY THE REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., CAIRO, EGYPT- Author of "Arabia, The Cradle of Islam," etc., etc.

I T IS not generally known that in Southern Europe there are still nearly three million followers of the Arabian Prophet, chiefly in Yugo-Slavia, Albania, Rumania and Bulgaria. These are living, as minority groups, in the midst of the Christians. Their racial origin is in some places Tatar or Turkish, the descendants of the old Moslem conquerors. In other places Serbians, Bulgarians, (Pomaks), Albanians and Gypsies have been "converted" to Islam since many decades, and cannot easily be distinguished from orthodox Turks.

Eager to learn the needs of these people, and to know something at first hand of the missionary opportunity among them, we recently visited some of the great Moslem centers such as Rustchuk, Varna, Constanza, Sofia, Philopoppolis, Belgrade and Serajevo. We saw more, however, in the smaller towns, away from the usual routes, in places like Bazargic, Shumna, and Majidiya, where the old-fashioned life prevails, where men still mourn the abolition of the Caliphate, women go veiled, young men wear the fez, and old men smoke the waterpipe. We were reminded at Warsaw, on a visit to the mosque and the Moslem cemetery, that there are six thousand IMoslems in Poland; and by the noble marble monument to Sobieski that it was a Polish king who hurled back the wave of Turkish invasion from the gates of Vienna in 1683, and saved Europe.

In Budapest we visited the little mosque-shrine to the last saint of Islam in Hungary, but once across the border and into the great plain of the Danube in Rumania we saw the familiar dress that distinguishes Moslem men and women everywhere.

725

After arrival in Bucarest, 'the Paris of the Balkans, our host, the .r Rev. J. H. Adeney of the London ews Society, took us for a visit to the beautiful little mosque, built in Carol Park by the Government to adorn the exposition grounds, and now used for Moslem worship. We had a delightful hour discussing religious matters with the Mufti, who spoke Arabic quite easily, and gave us a warm welcome. Literature from the Nile Mission Press and the Scriptures in Arabic, Turkish, etc., were here and everywhere on our journey eagerly accepted. In fact our lack of faith was rebuked, for our supply ran out long before the demand was supplied. A converted Jewish soldier in the Rumanian army for example bought testaments for his Moslem comrades at the barracks.

On a visit to the old Academia Library in Bucarest we became acquainted with the output of the Moslem press, and through thp kindness of the American minister secured a special letter from the Government for crossing the rather disturbed frontiers.

On April 29th we left for Rustchuk to attend a conference of Christian. workers from every part of Bulgaria. We traveled by train to Giorgia on the frontier and crossed the Danube by the ferry.

Rustchuk is a town of some 40,000, of which perhaps one fourth is Mohammedan. Formerly it had twenty-nine mosques, now it has twelve: some were demolished during the war and others by the municipality because of new streets. It is still a stronghold of Islam, however, for all Northern Bulgaria, through its schools and press.

At Rustchuk we met two old friends-Ivan Gantcheff, agent for the British and Foreign Bible Society, and E. Max Hoppe of the German Hilfsbund and Orient Mission. Both were delegates to the Conference which met in the .Methodist church-too small to contain the audience that gathered at every session. There were able leaders and earnest words; the singing of a choir of young people (the girls in picturesque costume) was excellent. After an address on God's love for Moslems and His call to evangeli'ze them, a resolution was passed unanimously, which reads: We are greatly impressed with our Christian obligation to bring the Christ to our 750,000 Mohammedan neighbours in Bulgaria, therefore we, the delegates to the 47th Convention of the Bulgarian Evangelical Society representing the united body of Evangelical Christians working in Bulgaria, do hereby pledge ourselves to every possible interest in the evangelization of our Mohammedan brothers, and will give loyal cooperation to every effort to reach with the Gospel the thousands of Mohammedans in this land and elsewhere.

We trust the American Missions working in this area will follow such resolutions with definite plans for leading the Bulgarian Church out into this great unoccupied fied. Hitherto the Moslem has been much neglected, for special reasons and because of special difficulties.

MOSLEM LIFE IN RUlV!ANIA AND BULGARIA

Today there is peace, religious freedom, and no barrier to the tactful presentation of the gospel message,. The splendid work of such men as Max Hoppe, Pastor Ehmann and others of the German Mission, and the work of the two Bible Societies prove that the doors are wide open. In the village of Razgrad a converted Moslem is preaching to his former coreligionists.

In Rustchuk we met an earnest inquirer, a book-seller, who took us to the fraternity house of the Shathaliya order of which he was a member. I shall never forget his thoughtful questions and his pierc- ing eyes, hungry for spiritual vision. On the walls of the tekke were mottoes some of which we found on sale afterwards in other places.

One very striking motto written in Arabic reads: " 'Whoso hath a place for Allah in his heart will find Allah his helper in this world and the next; but whoso hath in his heart other than Allah, will find Allah his opponent in this world and the next." '

On Saturday; April 30th, we went to Varna. All along the railway there are Moslem villages and agricultural settlements. Varna, on the Black Sea, is an important center for trade and shipping, and is the seat of the Bulgarian orthodox metropolitan and of Roman Catholic clergy and schools. Among its population of 41,000 there M.0SLE'M BOYS AT SHUMEN. BULGARIA are some 4,500 rrurkish-speaking Moslems. The German Mission under Pastor Ehmann and Pastor Liiling is attempting literary work for the Moslems of Bulgaria for which there is great need. We met the daughters of Abraham Amirkhanjanz who, with Johannes Aveteranian, was a pioneer in this region. They left behind them a literary heritage which is yet to be more widely used-manuscripts, tracts, books in Armenian, Bulgarian and Turkish, a translation of the Koran into Armenian and one into Turkish printed on alternate pages with the text of the Turkish New Testament! Long before the war this seed was being sown in Bulgaria and it has born fruit. At Varna we held a union meeting in the Evangelical church, and our message was interpreted first into Bulgarian and then into Armenian. What wonderful talent the Bulgarian Christians have for song!

We spent one memorable day at Shumen, the great intellectual center of Islam in Bulgaria. The largest of its many mosques is called Tumboli Jamia and dates from 1648. Near it is the tomb of Hassan Pasha, a place of pilgrimage. From the verandah of the

GRADUATING CLASS OF 1924 IN A SCHOOL FOR R E LIGIOUS TRAINING AT MIAJIDIYA, RUMANIA German Mission House one can count twenty-two minarets, a panorama that reminds one of a miniature Cairo seen from the Citadel. We visite'd the Moslem press and called on the Mufti who accepted Arabic Christian books eagerly. Shumen is an educational center and in addition to primary Koran schools has an institution for the training of Moslem teachers. We met many of their "Young Islam on Trek" to schoo], (see illustration) but there are no radical educational reforms yet in this part of Bulgaria: the curriculum is oldfashioned and very orthodox.

Rather than take the meandering course of the railway, we went direct by automobile from Varna to Bazargic, crossing the frontier and rather enjoying the double unsuccessful custom-house search for tobacco, fire-arms or Bolshevist literature at two posts! Bibles were not confiscated but the copies given accepted gratefully. Bazargic has several mosques, three book-shops, and an active press.We also saw the young Moslem Club, its reading room, cafe and small gymnasium, all very primitive but harbingers of a new day. One of the small group of Evangelicals living here begged me, as they were without a pastor or missionary, to hold a service and baptize the twins of Ivan Petkoff. It was a polyglot service, by interpretation and interruption. The crying seemed to be American, they sang Bulgarian hymns, and the service was interpreted by a Greek lady, wife of an Armenian, whose father is pastor of a Greek church in New York City. The next day we took a car for Constanza. Our fellow-passengers were a Moslem judge and a merchant; both accepted a portion of the Scriptures in Turkish.

The city of Constanza has a very beautiful mosque recently built, with a high minaret of concrete; there is a learned Mufti but the city has only a small Mos]em population. Majidiya a much smaller town, forty kilometers away, is far more important as a

MOSLEM, LIFE IN RUMANIA AND BULGARIA

Moslem center. We spent a day there visiting the schools and studying the life of the people. In the Moslem high school for boys and girls, the Arabic language is well taught, and we heard them recite the Koran. There is a sort of theological seminary also with over one hundred enrolled, and eighty in the boarding department. They follow an eight-year course of study. Our illustration shows the graduating class with the faculty-a very impressive group, when you r ealize that such as these go out every year to strengthen the hold of orthodox Islam among the masses. In the middle of the town there is a fairly large printing press employing a goodly staff where three small rotary presses turn out Moslem literature.

R eturning to Bucarest we were surprised to see on the day of our arrival an account on the first page of the daily press of the public baptism of twelve Mohammedans. Afterwards we learned that these were villagers who had accepted Christian teaching and joined the Greek Orthodox Church by immersion. A prelate told us there were others preparing for baptism. Apparently the" Law of Apostasy" is no longer in force and no special danger or persecution follows the abandonment of Islam in Rumania. One longed for the occupation of this ripe field by some Evangelical Society, or at least for the opening of work in places like Silistra, Bazargic and Majidiya, now wholly neglected.

To reach Sofia and Philopoppolis we again crossed the Danube at Rustchuk On Sunday it was our privilege to preach in the Methodist Episcopal church in the morning, where the genial pastor Mr. Zapkoff is in charge of an important work. In the evening there was a crowded union meeting in the Congregational church. After an SOMEl. GYP SY MOH<AMMEDANS AT SOFIA. BULGARIA

address on Islam, opportunity was given for questions. They were not all easily answered, but were proof of a growing and intelligent interest of these earnest Christians in their Moslem neighbors. The next day we visited a Gypsy village of which there are many in Bulgaria. Some of the thousands of this wandering race belong to the Orthodox Church, but more are Mohammedans. They belong economically and intellectually to the lower strata of society. There is no regular mission work done among them. Living in their untidy villages or camps, their lot is pitiful in every way. Yet here too we found a rickety mosque and a woe-begone building that stood near, used as a school. To hear Gypsy boys repeat the Arabic Koran and to see Gypsy girls copying the Ali! Bay on their slates was proof that Islam is trying to win these outcasts.

Sofia is a mission station of the American Board whose activities in the Balkans date back to 1857. The Methodists also have an important work here. The Protestants in Bulgaria have 32 churches, 29 pastors and 14 lay preachers. The president of the United Protestant Church is the Rev. D. N. Fournajieff, pastor of the Sofia Congregational Church. There are schools and a theological institute. The oldest newspaper in Bulgaria is the Zrnitza, organ of the Evangelical Church. The Y. M. C. A. began work at Sofia in 1899 and has fifteen branches in Bulgaria, with a total membership of over one thousand. There is, however, little aggressive work among the Moslem population.

At Philopoppolis we had most interesting contacts with the Moslems. It is a city of mosques, fourteen in all, with an active Moslem press, and it is the educational center for Southern Bulgaria. To our astonishment we found the chief Turkish Mohammedan bookshop and press conducted by an Armenian Christian, Thomas Ismerlijan, who when exiled from Constantinople, where he was a bookseller, undertook this enterprise for a living. In his shop we found on sale five different versions of the Koran in Turkish, and many other books, especially catechisms and lives of Mohammed: a proof that Islam is active here. At a conference of all the Christian workers from the various societies held in the home of Mr. Holway of the American Board, the need and opportunity of work for Moslems were discussed. Some are trying to reach Moslems in the prisons, others have begun work among the Gypsies who are responsive to friendly approach. The great need is literature for Christians about Islam, and literatur.e of the right type for their Moslem neighbors. It was pathetic to meet an aged and learned Christian from Monastir, who brought his manuscript version of the Koran translated into Bulgarian. He had toiled to complete it, furnished it with notes and a fine introduction based on Sale's translation, but was able to print only three small portions. He asked for help to complete this labor of love, and then with a smile of hope, bundled

MOSLEM LIFE IN RUMlAI-nA AND BULGARIA

up his precious manuscript and walked home again. Who will encourage this lonely scrjbe and put funds at the disposal of the Christian Literature Committee to give Moslems better books than the Koran1 'With specially trained workers, the wide use of Christian literature, and the union of all the scattered groups, we believe the Bulgarian Church could speedily win the seven hundred thousand Moslems back to Christ. The Pomaks are really lapsed Christians, prodigals to be welcomed back home.

Just across the borders of Rumania and Bulgaria, there are the eighteen million Mohammedans of Russia; westward there are nearly two million Mohammedans in Albania and Yugo-Slavia. What a challenge to the Church, and what a strategic advantage the present missionary forces in Bulgaria and Rumania would have if they arose to their opportunity! We called on the Mufti in Philopoppolis and found him reading a marked copy of the Turkish New Testament. When asked why he had marked certain passages his reply was, "I ma.rked those places where I foun;d that Christians were not living in accordance w'ith the tca,chings of Jesus the Messiah." One wonders whether he had underscored the last paragraph of the Gospel according to Matthew.

'" After attendanco at the two conferences held at Budapest and Warsaw on missions to the Jews, it was my privilege to spend a. month in vi s iting and studying the needs and opportunities for Christian work among the Mohammedans in Southeastern Europe. S. M. Z.

A GROUP OF MOSLEMS BAPTISED AS CHRIST'IANS AT BUCARE'ST

Ceaseless Inner'

The Essential Missionary Spirit of Christianity BY S. D. ,GORDON Author of "Quiet Talks"

T HE spirit of a ceaseless aggressive urge is the breath and blood of the original Christian Movement. The distinctive message of the movement has the same instinctive insistent quality, deeply imbedded in bone and fibre, a spirit of aggressive ceaseless Go.

And, in distinct addition to these, there is an aggressiveness aroused and intensified by contact with the need, the tragic pathetic need of the world, in which movement and message are enmeshed.

This is the three-fold intensified spirit of urge inherent in the Christian Movement itself, in its message, and through the world's need.

Aggressive means taking the initiative, and doing it vigorously. It is of the very life of the Christian Movement that it takes the initiative. It attacks that which is neither good nor right.

Its aggressive sweep in the beginning stands sharply out. From the purely human point of view the strategy of the Holy Spirit here is simply unmatched and matchless.

It would be expected, of course, and there it is. Let it be said with the utmost reverence. Yet, let it be said, for the human comparison makes us better able to appreciate that strategy.

It may well be doubted if the Pentecost event has ever been fully appreciated, simply now as a bit of strategy.

Look at it afresh. At least five thousand men are involved in that Pentecost group as it quickly grew; not persons, but men, the natural leaders. They are Jews, the most intense racial group. They are from every city center of the earth literally. It is actually a world-wide group.

They are devout men, pilgrims to the Passover Feast. They have witnessed the crucifixion of Christ. Many of them, as many as five hundred at one time, have seen Christ after his resurrection.

They had gone through that untellable experience of the Holy Spirit flooding down, the tongues of flame, the rushing mighty wind, the speaking every common foreign language known, the dominant message of the crucified risen Christ, told with exultant praise.

That experience could never be forgotten, nor gotten over. It burned itself into their very being, scarred itself in, blessedly scarred. It revolutionized every man there.

Now, these men are scattered, scattered literally everywhere over the earth, aflame with the Holy Spirit's presence, and the tremendous fact of a crucified and risenM'essiah.

732 Every city center of the earth heard the story, saw evidence of a supernatural power, felt the power, actually felt the power, clearly a supernatural power. The earth was aflame with the Ohrist story and the Ohrist power.

As a bit of pure strategy the whole thing arouses the profound regard and reverent admiration, and more, of the student of strategy. There is nothing like it anywhere, simply nothing in the same class strategically.

And the inner spirit of it all was that ceaseless urge. It was the. urge of a living flame. It had the incessant move of the Holy Spirit's own presence. And this was the very breath and blood of that early Ohristian move. For intensiveness and rapidity of movement, over a wide area, earthwide, the thing is without parallel.

The distinctive message of the Ohristian Movement had the same tense throbbing pulse beat. It reveals at once its life, the reason of its being.

That message centered wholly in the person of Ohrist; who He was, the tremendous thing He did in dying, the terrific necessity for it, and the ceaseless appeal to men to choose. These four things stand boldly out. And their very daring and boldness made and makes an aggressiveness without parallel or precedent or successor. To these early leaders and their followers Ohrist was the Son of God in a distinctive sense true of no other. The significance of the virgin-birth is simply in this that it reveals at once His distinctive personality, quite apart from all other humans.

To them the central fact of Christ's life was the end of it, the death. It was voluntary. It was distinctly sacrificial for others in the substitute sense. The singular death of this singular personality, with the tre- mendous resurrection event, this was the tense, never absent, heart- throb of their message. The terrible tragedy of sin, man's stubborn opposition to God, was the one thing that made the sacrificial death of this singular Man of vital necessity. The sin score was settled by that singular death, and only so. And every man was urged to choose.

And it becomes of intensest interest in today's strange· cross- currents to mark keenly that this four-fold message they found, not alone in the events occurring then, but, burt rooted deep back in their Jewish Bible. These leaders had an intensive course in Bible study that resur- rection day. The teacher was Ohrist Himself. To the Emmaus couple, and then the larger Jerusalem company, He opened up their old Hebrew Bible. The whole story was, is, there. He had simply done what had been fully plainly foretold. Luke tells explicitly that He went through

every part of their Bible in that intensive course. One recalls with fresh interest the fact that their Hebrew Scriptures, so opened up, are identical in content with our Old Testament.

The Hebrew Bible, variously grouped and classified by Hebrew authorities, was the Pentecostal Bible of the early Church, and is the text reproduced in our Old Testament. Christ and His death explained and illuminated the Hebrew Bible, our Old Testament.

The bold daring of this original message makes one gasp. A .distinctive solitary personality, "the only begotten God," voluntarily dying a singularly sacrificial death for men, and for their sin, and the issue with every man dependent wholly on his imperial right of choice-the thing is daringly tremendous.

It is its daring that makes its aggressiveness. There is a ceaseless inner urge in it that at once caught men, and aroused such opposition.

Then the urgency of the need of men for this Christ message, and for the Christ Himself, intensified the ceaseless urge within both movement· and message. The outside pressed hard on the inside. And this prodding has never ceased, and doesn't.

That urge of the need has greatly broadened in our day. Originally the world's need pressed in on the church group. The thing was simple, thus far.

Now the need for the Christ message, and the Christ, and the Christ power, has grown complex. It is a three-fold need-in the world as then, in the Clmrch itself, and in the missionary groups and fields.

THE UNDERTOW BECOMES A FLOOD The world's outside undertow and suction of early days has become a flood tide in our day, seeping and sweeping insistently inside church circles, as well as outside.

A washed-out, merely cultural message has swamped the sacrincial Christ message, in the Church, and on the foreign field. This is true of the American, the British, and the Continental Ohurch, and on every mission field. There are always fine exceptions. But this is the characteristic thing.

A-recent striking illustration of this is fonnd in the utterances, by tongue and pen, of an American missionary to the Caucasian Orient, during an extended visit to his homeland.

He is clearly a saint, utterly devoted to Ohrist and to his chosen life work, with a passion for winning men, and marked ability. He has been through sacrificial experiences for many tense years.

In his recent utterances, which have attracted wide attention, he tells of a certain radical change of approach to men in presenting the Gospel. This is the striking thing to note.

He makes some confessions. And they are good, partly, at least

THE CEASELESS INNER URGE

two-thirds. He confesses to discarding Western civilrzation as part of his missionary propaganda. What a stroke of genius 1 What a pity he hadn't done it sooner 1 But then he was clear in the lead of the whole missionary movement in doing it. What a sense of freedom that must have been 1 And with that went the distinctively 'Vestern type of Christianity. He tried to shake the Christ, and the Christ message, free of the Western world's scaffolding. What a relief!

But in the shaking process he went a bit far. He shook off the line of defence of the Old Testament, he says. His language is informing. He didn't shake off the Old Testament itself.

It was clearly certain fixed interpretations of the Old Testament that he threw off. And that would be a blessed throw. But the Old Testament, which tTesus opened up and explained on the Emmaus Road, and that same night to the Jerusalem group, the Old Testament which to the Pentecostal Church was all athrob with the crucified risen Messiah-Saviour for men in their sin-he seems not to have had that clearly in his mind.

Then he made a new message, with an omission. It is a wonderfully fine message. There is a positive part to it, and the omission. The positive part is a delight. The omission is the dangerous part.

He delightfully pictures Christ as human, a sympathetic fellowman, a teacher, an example, a leader, the leader. But Christ the Saviour, whose death saves men from sin, and the badness of man's sin that necessitates the one great sacrifice-this is the fatal omission.

Except for indirect phrasing, lost in the great flow of other words, Christ the Saviour is not set forth in his message.

If scantest indirect mention of the leading issue be a practical ignoring of it, and if repetition be the greatest emphasis, then the omission in this man's message glares openly.

It seems to be the unconscious blunder of the head, in the burning desire to win men, and not of a very earnest heart, in the sore stress; but none the less, it is critical, and vital, and fatal.

His changed message bears the relation of fragrance to rose. He uses some of the fragrance but has left out the thorny rose that exudes the fragrance.

Now this particular instance would not be worth so much space were it not for the fact that the thing is systemic, not incidental nor local. It is a symptom of general conditions.

You see clear to the horizon through a thin crack in a fence. You can see the whole field, mission lands and home church, American, British and Continental, in this incident. It strikingly reflects the whole present situation.

This man's utterances are having widest acceptance as a wondrously new putting of the gospel message. It is not new, and it is not

the vital message of the early Church. Its warm welcome shows how accustomed the Church has gotten to such a thinned-out message. And so the present situation reveals a tremendous intensifying of the need for the real Christ message, and the Christ power. The intensified need becomes a fresh prod on that ceaseless inner urge.

And, it is of the very essence of the Christian Movement, and of its distinctive message, that the spirit of love breathe through all, even as the fragrant locust blossoms in the springtime.

It is the love that is gracious and gentle, in voice and pen and personal contact, even while relentlessly intolerant regarding the person of Jesus. It is the love that is always tolerant of persons while incorrigibly intolerant of looseness and errors regarding the Christ, and all that is tied up with Him.

There are three kinds of intolerance. There is the intolerance that makes a creed of tolerating everything regardless, and is utterly intolerant of those who won't.

There is the intolerance of those who believe certain central facts about the person of Jesus, but in a loose, easy-going sort of way, and who fellowship heartily with those denying the facts. It is intolerant of those who won't tolerate practical compromise on es- sentials. And there is the intolerance of love. It is the intolerance of purity toward impurity, of honesty toward rank dishonesty, of chastity toward defilement, of truth toward the lie, of loyalty to the person of Jesus toward all loose teaching about Him.

And there is no intolerance comparable to this. It is gracious in personal touch, but incorrigibly intolerant where Jesus' personality and work are concerned. What is love ~ It can't be defined in words, only in actions. God is love. Jesus was God in human shoes, down on earth, telling us the meaning of love, the tremendous urge of it, in the language of action. Jesus, living our human life, sympathizing, teaching, healing, suffering, dying sacrificially, living again-that is Love. That is God. That is the underlying urge of Christianity.

PRAYING FORTH THE WORKERS W ITHOUT doubt the dearth of workers aetuated with a sacred sense of their vocation is due to lack of prayer on the part of Christians. Let the prayers offered in the pulpit and elsewhere evidence larger obedience to the prayer· command of Christ. Let the missionary prayer·meeting respond more faithfully to the call for intercession. Ask the officers and teachers of the Sunday-school to unite in prayer that the Holy Spirit may separate from among the young those whom God would have one day preach Christ. Exhort parents to pray that their own children may be guided into the work of God's own appointment. Influence earnest young men and women to make the choice of their life work and life field a matter of special prayer until God's win is made clear. Multitudes have been inspired while praying to God for guidanee to give their lives to missionary service at home and abroad.-John R. Mott.

Christian Missions?*

BY P. WHITWELL WILSON, NEW YORK Author of "The Church We Forget,' J etc.

.nA.S. IT seems to me, there is a stock taking today of influences that contribute to or detract from the more abundant life of the race-armies, navies, politics, arts, sciences, industries, colleges, hospitals and amusements-from which survey, searching and even revolutionary, it is impossible to exclude religion-the faith of man in things unseen. .

We are told that the churches have failed. But is that the sum- total of our disillusion1 Have agencies, other than the churches, succeeded1 Everywhere parliaments are disappointing democracy.

In many countries-for instance, Italy, China, and Spain-they have broken down. Has organized labor redeemed society~ Not in Britain, not in Russia, and it may be, not anywhere. Has diplomacy arrived at a, permanent peace 1 Has science foresworn poison gas ¥ Are schools what we hoped they would be¥ Even education arouses pessimism. If then the. churches are on trial, it means that man himself, in all his activities, stands before the judgment seat. He has pursued a happiness which he has not found.

It is not enough to say, then, that the churches have failed. The further question is whether, if the churches fail, any other agency can fulfil its true task. The Best is offered through the individual to the race. If the Best be despised and rejected of men, is any second best likely to be good enough ¥ By His name, Jehovah is defined as the Great I AM. He is the one Egotism that is supreme, the Mind of minds, the mind that is Love. Of that Word of God, Jesus Christ was the Incarnate-the "Vord made Flesh. He also said, "Without Me, ye can do nothing." Y ears ago, I wrote a little book in which I read the newsaper into the Apocalypse and the Apocalypse into the newspaper. The Vision of St. John the Divine, which we forget, may be symbolic but it is simple. It means that, in Christ, civiliza- tion can be perfected but that, without Christ, even an imperfect civili- !l:ation cannot be sustained.

There are those who argue that the religions of the world are like the colors of a rainbow, all of which are necessary to the blend of illumination that we call light. Why do we try to convert other people to our way of thinking? Surely, we should try first ,to correct the evil in ourselves and should seek the good in others. Christianity, yes; but why the Christian mission1 He who lightly disparages widespread and venerable religions '" Since I have never been a missionary or even a serious student of missions, it is surely a presumption that I should set -out these ideas, though they are invited, in a quarter where so much knowledge, so deep an experience and so willing a self-sacrifice rebuke the ignorance and the senularitles or a Iayman.-P. W. W.

737 2

other than his own, is foolish. But the test must be truth; and in the clarity of truth, it does not appear that the Confucian, the Shinto, the Buddhist, the Hindu, the Moslem, and the Parsee faiths are today offering to mankind or any part of mankind, a salvation, whether it be personal, economic, racial, physical, or spiritual.

Over wide areas, China has expelled the foreigner. But has Zimri peace who slew his missionaries ~ The chaos of China is becoming chronic. It means that the country needs a greater than Confucius.

So with Hinduism. I do not accept Miss Mayo's "Mother India" as a complete picture of the many civilizations of India, but her broad statement that India is enervated by indulgence and disease, with her description of child marriage, of untouchability and of antihygienic rites and assumptions, is enough to dispose of India's mysticism as an adequate motive of well-being.

Has Islam a future~ Even, in Turkey, there is neither Sultan nor Caliph. The very faith that deports Christians from its borders is itself crumbling to a collapse under its own weight.

The hYIlOthesis that, if Christianity ceases to permeate the world, other religions will flourish, is not in accordance with the probabilities. Suspend Christian missions, and over most of this planet there will be no religion at all which is not a menace to science, to health, to womanhood, to education and to a reasonable prosperity. Man will have mutilated his own self by suppressing his soul.

If the! Christian mission were merely an attempt to make others believe as we do, Christ Himself would refuse a subscription. He denounced such attempts to win mere proselytes, and while He numbered the multitude fed and the lepers healed, He never counted converts. To win paradise for one thief, He was ready to die on the very Cross.

Indeed, among His disciples was Simon Zelotes, always described as such, who belonged to a sect other than the Nazarene, nor was the word, Christian, known until the faith reached Antioch, and even there, it was a label applied to the Cause by the pagan.

Evangelism is thus the offer not of what we see in Christ but of what in Him is more than we see-what we worship-what He is; the love that is larger than our love; the only love that is large enough to embrace the world.

That the Roman Christians evangelized the rest of Europe, or much of it, is thei,r glory. If, however, they made a mistake, it was in attempting to impose the faith as a spiritual empire on lands which, in the end, insisted on seeing Christ with their eyes or not at all.

This is a mistake that Protestant missionaries should be careful ourselves to avoid. In the heart of our Lord, there is room for the sheep that are not of our Occidental fold-Chinese who revere Him in terms of China; Negroes who are sure that He was colored;

1927J WHY CHRISTIAN MISSIONS'

East Indians who hint that he went on pilgrimage to Tibet. To break His Body seems a blasphemy. But His Body was given to be broken.

But the fold, however valuable, is not all. The fold may be a resting place at night for those who sleep, but the flock moves on and on to new pasture. When, therefore, we aim at progress, at liberty, at a pursuit and not a mere enjoyment of happiness, there is but one Shepherd Who is the Way, the Truth anLl the Life. "I am," said Our Lord, "The Light of the World "-not a light among other lights-not a colored ray among the many constituents of lightbut Light itself, universal, penetrating, inclusive. Here is one lesson from the Transfiguration. Moses is to be honored and Elijah is to be honored. So Confucius, Buddha and Mohammed may be honored, but at the end, Jesus alone is to be seen and heard and followed. Others may have been accepted as teachers in the past, but none survive comparison. Whatever of good there has been anywhere is summed up in Him.

This is 110 longer homiletic. It is history. In Jewry, in Greece and in Rome, this is what happened. It is Christ whose direct influence, working through society, has preserved the past and, indeed, rescued it from oblivion. What would be known today of classical art and literature if it had not been for Christian scholarship~ What would have been left of the treasures of King Tut-Ankh-Amen if they had been discovered by Moslems ~ How long would the Taj Mahal have stood serene if the Christian zeal for beauty had not been applied to its preservation~ If you want to study the sacred books whether of China or India, you will find them better arranged in the British MuseuIp than at any Asiatic library in Peking or Benares.

It is quite true that, apart from the Christian faith, man has achieved culture and accumulated wealth. But it is also true that this culture, this wealth has been an evanescent blessing. Successive Babylons, with their "merchandise of gold and silver and precious stones and of pearls and fine linen and bodies and souls of men" have fallen into ruin. If Christ be not the chief cornerstone of society, there is none other.

Wherein lay St. John's distinction between the new Jerusalem and the old Babylon ~ Both cities were described as rich nor did the City of God suggest any return to what has been called a simple life. The fate of Babylon is no warning against the accumulation of good things, but it is a lesson rather that mere accumulation is not enough. Happiness, if it is to persist, must not only be increased, but distributed; and the Gospel of Christ is this distribution of true happiness. "Go ye into all the world and proclaiJn Good News." Whatever helps us, be it a rite like baptism, be it a science like healing, be it a school for teaching, must be offered to everyone else. To

be saved is to share salvation. The Lord's Prayer, is a family prayer; a prayer personal but plural. There is no Christianity that is not missionary-sending, giving, touching, speaking, healing. That is the very essenc~ of the whole faith. Without works, it is dead.

The story of the early Church, told in the Acts, is the story, not of the headquarters staff at Jerusalem, but of the soldiers going over the top into No-Man's-Land. Peter at Joppa, Philip at Samaria, Paul at Damascus, at CfBsarea, at Philippi, at Athens, at Rome. Note the widening yet concentric circles. The foreign missionary work of the Church today is the one unmistakable proof that the Church of our century continues to be Catholic, Apostolic and Christian.

In the cause of Christ, then, we are not conscious of a horizon. He deals with this moment and this man. But He embraces all men at every moment. His Gospel is not the meal which is meal and nothing else. It is the leaven which transforms meal into food. And the leaven must so work on the meal until the whole is leavened. There is no limit that you can set to the love which is the very being of the Eternal.

Christianity is the antithesis to a creeping paralysis. It is an evolutionary resurrection into life and health and joy and hope and peace. What we call piety is man growing in grace. What we call a church is society oVeT'coming sin. In Christ, something is always happening-a word said, an eye opened, a wrong righted, a 'truth discovered, an error abandoned, a sorrow comforted, an enemy reconciled, a home built, a world turned up-side-down. There is a power released and it is a Power which demands its full use.

To abandon missions would be like building a locomotive, filling its tender with coal, kindling fire in the furnac€, getting up steam, and then refusing to let the engine use its power. The pressure in the boiler, which is power, becomes a peril. The real safety lies, not in a valve which leaves the engine standing, but in the lever which allows the engine to move.

It was when the early Church ceased to advance that it began to doubt, to indulge in dissensions and to rend the ancient world on twain. The energy or, if you like to put it so, the fanaticism which found no outlet among the heathen seemed to explode under the stress of an internal combustion. The answer, both to Arius and to Athanasius, was Asia. But Asia was to them no more than an Asia Minor. At Nicea, they fought each other while, at Benares, they might have fought disease and dirt and evil.

After the Reformation, there was to be observed a similar phenomenon. Protestanism was intense but not expansive. And instead of going forth into the world to teach all nations, it concentrated its energies within itself, plunged into dialectics, attempted an impossible uniformity until, in the eighteenth century, there emerged a formalism which had ceased to deal with the needs of society, not

WHY CHRISTIAN MISSIONSf

abroad merely but at home. Among intellectuals, there was declared a reign of reason, and the kingdom over which reason thus reigned, was political corruption, vice, banditry, drunkenness and gambling. A Puritanism that did not include missions flourished in the worst England ever described by the historian.

The upheaval called Methodism did not only change the face of England. While the sinner at home repented, the heathen abroad heard of repentance. Methodism, like Apostolic Ohristianity, was a force that began in the heart and radiated everywhere.

My submission is that, in our own day, we must expect the same rules of history to operate. If our Ohristian faith, whatever be its form, omits the missionary impulse, it will fail to hold Ohristendom itself for the Gospel. 'fhe dissensions in our churches, the prevalence of divorce and crime and suicide, the decadence of the drama and the elaboration of an introspective philosophy are symptoms, everyone of them, which would have been recognized as familiar, by a discerning mind, whether in the fourth or in the eighteenth centuries. For the~e disturbing tendencies, the remedy is, as it always has been, to absorb the whole energies of the Ohurch in the task of carrying the whole Gospel of Ohrist to the whole world.

The way to defend the faith is to apply it. Take the Bible, rapidly becoming a closed book at a loss to the mind of the nation which can be measured by the tabloid newspaper. If the Bible is not read, it is because it is not used. This Book is not an ornament; it is a sword. Kept in its sheath, any sword rusts.

Also, the Bible is not a gift to us alone who happen to live in the United States in the year of Grace, 1927. It is a gift to all people at all stages in their development. Texts in the Bible which have offended our delicate sense of propriety-for instance, the condemnation of witchcraft-become the strong meat of common sense when we face the actualities of wizardry in mid-Africa or the South Seas.

We are asked sometimes what is the proper work of a mission. I suggest that if we would read our Bible, instead of merely talking about the book, we would be left in no doubt as to these matters. The Apostles were sent out by our Lord to preach and teach and heal and baptize; boldly to handle serpents or any deadly thing. It is clear, then, that the mission was spiritual, educational, ecclesiastical, medical and social. If a mission is only spiritual, it does not offer the whole Gospel of Christ. If it is only educational, or ecclesiastical, or medical, or social, it does not offer the whole Gospel of Ohrist. The complete mission must include all these activities. It must declare the Cross of Christ; it must open schools; it must form a church; it must conduct a hospital; it must combat evils like opium and slavery and cannibalism. I do not say that a mission is useless which does not achieve all these tasks. But I do say that Christ is inexhaustible and that His program omits nothing.

When, therefore, some people say that missions should be spirit- ual. while other people say that missions should be social, there is something lacking on both sides. Christ is all and in all. Writing to Corinth, St. Paul tells us what is meant by the missionary churcha body with many members, of which no member has the right to claim that the others are not equally necessary. Apostles-a word which is merely Greek for the Latin word, missionary-prophets or preachers, healers, linguists-all are needed and all equally are ellgaged in the service of the one Master.

For the churches, such a diversity of opportunity is surely a fact of an enormous significance. It means that, in the mission field, there is room for the doctor, the gymnast, the trained nurse, the scholar, the teacher, and the preacher-indeed, all may be useful abroad who would be useful at home. It means that the churches can meet their critics with an unanswerable argument-"You say we have failed. Then go out yourselves and do better." In the apologetic for Christianity, the Foreign Mission is the central argument.

Between the Church and the State, at home and abroad, there is no reason for conflict. The Church leads the way. The State follows. l". mission starts schools and hospitals-why~ Because otherwise there would be no schools or hospitals. If however the State, learning its duty from the mission, begins to establish these institutions, then the mission should not regard the State as a rival but should encourage the State, cooperate with the State and so display the spirit of Our Lord Jesus Christ.

For, after all, the church is entrusted with a task, the essence of which lies beyond the function of any State. If every school and gymnasium and hospital were to be entirely secular, the soul of man would still remain to be healed and sustained by the love of Christ. "Lo, I am with you alway" was what He said, and the Gospel-the spell of God-is His presence as the Companion of the individual. If missions on their social side were to establish in India and China and Africa a state of health, a properity and an enlightenment, equal to or exceeding what we see in the United States or Great Britain, it would still be a fact that Christ would be the Supreme Essential. The United States is today a proof that silver and gold and all that they can purchase of art and science and philosophy are no salvation from sin. Youth and beauty, wealth and genius, are finding it impossible to maintain a standard of marriage and a freedom from crime which were regarded as axiomatic in churches of an earlier day. No reformation, achieved by environment, is effective without the regeneration which is achieved by Grace. As Christ called Peter to Him, and John, and Mary of 1Tagdala, so does He still look through the haze of tendencies and points of view and demands a personal allegiance from the individual. He tells of the good Samaritan only to add, "Go and do thou likewise."

WOMEN LISTENING TO THE GOSPEL AT THE MISS.ON

KUWEIT (KOWEIT), ARAHIA Seventeen Years in the Persian Gulf BY DR. C. S. G. MYLREA, KOWEIT, ARABIA KOWEIT was the last station in the Persian Gulf to be occupied by the American Mission. We had for a long time wanted to enter the place but the Arabs refused to allow any white people to settle there. As the result of a surgical operation performed on the leading man of the town the American Mission received a formal request from the Sheikh of Koweit to go there and begin medical work. That was in 1910. Although the Sheikh and a few of the leading families were friendly, the general attitude of the city was bitterly hostile. The missionaries could not go out without having stones thrown at them, and one of our ladies was actually assaulted by a coolie in the bazaar. In fact it was almost impossible in the early days for ladies to appear in the streets of Koweit.

The first evangelistic missionaries were admitted to Koweit in 1912, while the doctors had been holding the place intermittently since 1911. In 1914 the American hospital was formally opened. By this time educational work of some value had also been started. With the progress of educational and medical work, the opposition of the people which had heretofore been mostly talk now crystallized into definite action. Funds were raised by the Arabs, and an opposition school was built at the cost of somewhere about $30,000.

743

This school was put in charge of a modern young Egyptian from Cairo, who, however, proved to be too modern for the conservative Wahabi leanings of Koweit, and was later on replace__ by an old fashioned type of teacher from Smyrna. This school has since resulted in two more schools being opened in Koweit, so that educational work in Koweit today owes its existence to the example of the American Mission school stinted in 1912.

At about the same time as the opposition school was being built, an opposition hospital was also started, the funds for this also being raised by public subscription. A Turkish doctor was placed in charge of their hospital, but as he turned out to be a drinker, and insisted that everyone should pay fees, as well as being in the opinion of the people a poor doctor, his stay in Koweit only lasted a few months. He was finally sent away by Sheikh Mubarek. A sequel to this was that not long after the departure of the Turkish doctor, the Sheikh presented the greater part of the hospital equipment to the American Mission hospital.

The eyangelistic work in Koweit is in many ways unique, for while all of the stations have dispensary preaching in the hospitals and regular church services to which Arabs are also invited, there is no special service for Moslems at which any large attendance is registered. The missionaries had been in the habit of holding an afternoon service in their Arab house in the heart of the city in the early days before the present missionary residence in the mission eoIT' pound was built. As the missionaries moved out to their new residence, it seemed hopeless to expect Arabs to come to an open modern house situated at the far end of the town. It was therefore decided to attempt to continue the old service in the house in which the doctor and his wife had lived in the first year of their mission work ther~. This service was planned specially for Moslems, it consisted of a simple prayer, lesson and address with three or four hymns at the usual intervals.

This service has now been carried on without a break for twelve years, and during all that time the attendance, men, women, and children, has averaged about 60. On occasion there have been congregations of about 200. These services have not been conducted without opposition, there have been persistent attempts to break up our service, parties of rowdies coming in and by noise and general disturbance have made the preaching of the Gospel extremely difficult. Parties of boys have been encouraged to stand outside in the street and shout. They have even thrown mud over the walls and of course picket everybody who tries to attend. Peaceful picketing! There is no doubt that all those who attended were more or less marked except probably the women, who since they were veiled were not so easy to identify. At first we used to think that the people came merely out of curiosity to hear the organ and to see just what

SEVENTEEN YEARS IN THE PERSIAN GULF

a Christian service was like, and never did our faith anticipate that the interest of the Gospel would continue to hold the people. But they still come, and we are justified in concluding that the people come because they get something.

We still have periods of disturbance, but as the years pass it is becoming more and more easy to preach in perfect comfort. There must be now many thousands of people in Koweit who are familiar with the parables and miracles that constituted so much of Our Lord's teaching, and the Sermon on the Mount has been freely used. In ad- dition to this there is the influence of the daily preaching in the hos- pital dispensaries both to men and to women, and when it is realized that about 25,000 people pass through our dispensaries annually, it will be understood that there is a definite witness for Christ in Koweit. fhere are also the pupils in our school who are under the daily influence of our clergyman and his assistant.

Converts in Koweit, as may be readily imagined, have to go through fire and water. One young fellow who confessed Christ openly in one of our Sunday afternoon services was threatened with death at the hands of his own fa- ther, and had to flee for his life to A YOUNG s~~~~~~ :Jw1V: ~fISSION Basra. He stood the test however and earned for himself the esteem of all who knew him in Basra.

He secured a good position in government service in the chlorination department, and on one occasion risked his life at a time when chlorine gas was escaping in the generating room, and no one else dared to go in there. It is more than likely that this noble act caused his death ultimately. He came of a tuberculous family, the dreaded disease attacked his lungs, and he came back to Koweit only to die.

During his last illness it was extremely difficult for the missionaries to have very much contact with him, and the town says that he died a "Moslem. The missionaries, however, knowing him as well as they did, feel very sure that if in his last hours of weakness he did confess Mohammed and deny Christ, it was under pressure which he was too weak physically to resist.

There was also another convert, a Persian, who came to Koweit to seek out the missionaries. He was a man who had done a lot of thinking and had been influenced first by the Ahmadi type of thought,

and then later by the Bahais, but had rejected them both. He eventu- . ally became a Christian and was bapti'zed in Koweit, but the incessant persecution to which he was subj ected wore him down and finally he left Koweit and returned to Persia. Since then we have lost sight of him. I believe he lives somewhere in Shiraz.

Still another convert is a Sheikh Arab who was baptized several years ago, is on the hospital staff and witnesses a true confession day in and day out. Without any doubt there are many many people in Koweit who in their heart of hearts believe that we have the Light of Light, and we must be patient and wait for God's own time when these hidden flow ers will come to Eght.

It will interest you all lo lenow that there is now in Koweit a very large Persian colony. The ma- jority of these P ersians belong to the coolie class and were attracted to Koweit by the high' rate of wages prevailing there. In addi- tiol! to these there is a growing community of Persian merchants. Altogether there must be at the very least 5,000 P ersians in Ko- weit today, and probably double that number. Our lady doctor has been studying P ersian in addition to Arabic for some time and hopes soon to be able to give the Gospel to her Persian patients in their na- A YOUNG ARAB BOY, WITH LONG HAIR tive language more and more. The Persian language is becoming a necessity to the missionary if he would be properly equipped. Sometimes fully one half of the hos- pital patients consist of Persians who understand little or no Arabic. In our Bible shop which is in the heart of the bazaar, we stock Persian Scriptures as well as Arabic, Turkish, and Hebrew, but as nearly all our Persians are illiterate it is not easy to dispose of Persian Scriptures.

It may be that in Isfahan there are Persians who have learned to know and love the Lord J esus Christ. If some of them could settle in Koweit to devote their lives to their countrymen, there, they could do far more than any foreign missionary can expect to do for some time. In Isfahan they have long since passed through the weary days of persecution and hatred and intolerance, in Koweit we are passing through those very times. Christ's call was to preach the Gospel to every creature-including those in this large Persian colony in Koweit.

and Theopholis *

BY CALVIN K. ST'AUDT, BAGHDAD, IRAK A Member of the United Mission in Mesopotamia M ORE than one hundred children and young people come to our house daily to receive instruction. These children represent different races and religions. They are Arabs and Turks and Assyrians and Armenians and Chaldeans and Indians and Greeks and Jews and Moslems and Protestants and Catholics and Gregorians and Nestorians and Greek Orthodox. These races and religions are antagonistic, and throughout the centuries these people have hated one another. In our school the barrier of hatred is broken down, and these children for the first time learn to love one another.

Mohammed is a Moslem, named for the founder of his religion. Theopholis is a Christian. He was named after that unknown person to whom Luke, the evangelist, dedicated two books in our New Testament.

These boys are about twelve or thirteen years of age, and are thrown together in the same class. Both come from influential families. Mohammed comes to school every day on his bicycle, which is a curiosity to most of the boys in the school. Mohammed is of pure Arab stock, and his ancestors for more than a thousand years, it may be, have been Moslems. Theopholis, on the other hand, is the son of the archdeacon of Julan, a Nestorian bishop, who came to Baghdad with the refugees from Urmia. The family tree would show that Theopholis descended from a people who have been Christians since the third or fourth century of the Christian era. The fact that the father of Theopholis held a high position in the Nestorian Church at once puts him on a level with the social status of l{'ohammed.

Mohammed has the Semitic features, the features of an Arab. His hair and eyes are coal-black, and his skin is somewhat dark, while his physiognomy is like that of the man you meet in the desert. On the other hand, Theopholis has a very fair skin, bright blue eyes, and light hair, indicating that he belongs to the Aryan race.

For a few days after he came to school Mohammed had no book out of which he could recite, and so I asked him to sit in the seat with Theopholis. The religious and racial antagonism showed itself clearly and unmistakably. Mohammed showed no willingness to move into a seat with a Christian, and after he had moved he showed no readiness to look on Theopholis's book. Moslems not only hate Christians, but the fanaticM'oslems also curse them. And there is no natural affinity between an Arab and the Aryan race.

Theopholis seemed to resent this intrusion, and was not too will- * Chri8tian Endeavor Worltf.

747

ing to share his book. It was the Moslem Turks who drove his parents from their happy home in Urmia, and it is the Moslem Persians who prevent their return. Thus these two boys could not help disliking each other when they were first thrown together. They had inherited a racial hatred and a religious antagonism. It was in the blood. Each was brought up in such a way as to look upon the other as unfriendly.

When Mohammed's turn came to recite, Theopholis found an opportunity to give vent to his pent-up feelings. We had the word "forgive," and I asked Mohammed what "forgive" means. He hesitated, and before he could give an answer Theopholis raised his hand, and said, "He can't know."

,Mark the words; it was not, "He doesn't know. " There flashed through my mind the whole history and tragedy of the Near East. I saw in the faces of these two young lads and in their actions an epitome of the land, and it gave me a vision of our missionary work. "He doesn't know" is what we should have expected as an answer from the son of a priest who has been taught the doctrine of forgiveness; but when he said in regard to Mohammed, "He can't know," that told me a story of inherited hatreds.

This happened several weeks ago. Today these bpys are bosom friends. They have learned to like and love each other. The one stands up for the other, and is willing to defend him. The hatred which they had inherited against each other, and that which had been taught them by their elders, are gone. Mohammed has taught Theopholis to ride his bicycle, and Theopholis is the only boy in the school, as far as I have observed, to whom this coveted privilege was extended. The other day, when I wanted to take a picture of Theopholis, he said, "Wait until I fetch my friend," and he called Mohammed.

NOT THE END-THE BEGINNING!

O NE of the Chinese Christian clergy, studying in the United States, writes of the anxiety he feels for his family in China and for the welfare of his American friends through whom he learned to love our Lord. He says: "I am so sorry and in a way as a representative of China in this country feel so ashamed of myself for the unnecessary and almost un· called-for high tide of anti-foreign and anti-Christian uprisings which are sweeping through the central and southern provinces of China. But it is just one more of the innumerable instances of people's knowing not what they do, and today we need your prayerful patience and sympathy and the being with us in spirit in going through the trials and sufferings )f the Church which is Christ's Body in China more than ever. And what a wonderful expression of the glorious faith of Christians it is, as uttered in mlny quarters today, No, it is not the end, but just the beginwing of missions!"

STU[JIDNTS IN THE AMERICAN M,[SSION SCHOOL AT CAIRO, EGYPT

These students include Copt. Moslem. Jew. Syrian. Greek. Italian, Armenian. Sudanese, Indian.

Ara.blan. SUmatran and Siamese A Focal Point for Moslem Seekers Students of Malfl,Y Lands at the E zbekia Mission School BY E. E. ELDER, OAIRO, EGYPT I N THE Ezbekia quarter of the city of Cairo, just across the street fr om Shepheard's Hotel, two American mission schools have been teaching Egyptian boys and girls for just fifty years. On one side of the main thoroughfa r e is the rendezvous of globe-encircling tourists, and on the other side is a girls' school, with an enrollment of 280, and one for boys, with more than 400 in daily attendance. Here the Christian ideals are being interpreted to the dsfng generation of Moslem lands.

The students of the Ezbekia Boys' School are predominately Egyptian. During a half century not only have hundreds and thousands of Copts, Mohammedans, and Protestants been educated here, but in addition many Greeks, Syrians, Armenians, and other nationals of the Near East have been brought into contact with a living interpretation of Christ. Thus the influence of the school has gone far beyond the expectation of its founders and to-day students come from the ends of the Moslem world, from Siam and Malaysia.

Last autumn two Siamese youths, Mohammad and Zacharia, presented themselves for admission as the first representatives of the Far East. When they left home they had no thought of entering a Christian mission school, else they need not have traveled five 149

thousand miles to find one. They were looking for a Moslem school, and reached the Christian school in Cairo by way of Mecca and the Azhar University.

They started on their long trip impelled by the desire to make the pilgrimage to Mecca, as a great religious duty. They took leave of friends and kinsmen, and sailed for Arabia, in company with many other pilgrims. After marching around the sacred Kaaba, kissing the venerated black stone, and performing other rites, they remained in Mecca to study in the mosque school.

Before a year had passed Arabia was in the throes of intertribal warfare. Ibn Saoud and his Arab puritans threatened the peace of Mecca and when the capture of the holy city seemed imminent the Siamese lads left Arabia for Cairo. They entered the Azhar, where the intricacies of the Moslem canon law are expounded and the vagaries and obscurities of the Koran are explained. Algerian and Arab, Turk and Tunisian, Sudanese and Javanese, rub shoulders in this great medieval university of Islam. But this great Moslem university, famed as the center of Islamic thought, was not what Mohammed and Zacharla had expected. To-day young Islam is not as docile and subservient as it once was and students are being stirred to demand a new curriculum. Being dissatisfied with the Azhar, these two Siamese youths looked around for more practical education and finally entered the American mission school. Here, on every hand, they are confronted with new conceptions and new ideals which are transforming their mental and spiritual outlook.

Another interesting student, Mukhtar, comes from Padang, Sumatra, in the Dutch East Indies. He is quick and intelligent and speaks Malay, English and Dutch. After he leaves Egypt, he hopes to go to Turkey and to Europe, to see how the modern world lives, und then to return to serve his country.

Abd al Wahad, the son of a Moslem merchant in Karachi, India, represents that part of Indian Islam which is facing the future. He is receptive to new ideas and finds in Christ's message the solution of many difficult modern world problems. In a Bible class in which are enrolled Christians and Moslems of many shades of opinions, he and a Moslem student of Meccan parentage often prove the most zealous for a thorough application of the principles of Jesus Christ.

Among the graduates of the school at Ezbekia are young men who enter the mission college at Assiut and the American University in Cairo; some have entered Christian work as ministers, teachers and evangelists or are prominent doctors, lawyers, and government em- ployees. The younger generation of Moslems are making enormous strides and one of America's greatest privileges is to share in the work of training and guiding young Moslems to understand Christ and His message and to enter upon lives of higher service.

of Spiritual

BY SADHU SUNDAR SINGH, SABATHU, INDIA YE SHALL know them, not by their roots, but by their fruits- (Matt. 7: 20). A tree never eats its own fruit whether it be good or bad but passes it on, seed and all, for others to eat. If the fruit be bad and useless it is cut down in due time, for so it deserves. But even though destroyed, it leaves bad seed for future generations. A good tree, while it fulfills its Creator's aim by bringing forth good fruit, at the same time leaves behind good seed for coming generations. So a real Christian, by spending life in the service of others, leaves behind a good example and a creative and inspiring influence like the seed of the tree. The man enters into his rest and his works follow him (Rev. 14-: 13). What kind of fruit and seeds are we going to leave behind us and what will we carry with us into the next world ~ The hen may sit on other eggs besides her own but the young ones brought forth are only after their kind. The poisonous tree receives the same air, heat and light as the good one; nevertheless they remain distinct according to their inherent good or evil nature. The fault does not lie with the rains or with the sun which shines the same for both; the defect is in the plant itself.

In the same way the Sun of Righteousness shines equally on all, good or bad, but the result is different. Those who live according to God's will and in His love and light are made blessed and fruitful for ever, while the wicked find the same Sun of Love to be a "consuming fire." (Heb. 12: 29.) When a man kills another man, it is not the revolver that kills but the hand behind the revolver and still more the heart and "will" of the man who used the weapon. If the heart could be changed and made the temple of God, an act of this kind would become impossible. For this reason God reveals Himself to the heart and spirit directly, for God is spirit. If he were to reveal Himself through the physical eye the body would become an intermediary, in which case the revelation would be only indirect. This explains why God reveals Himself physically as with Saint Paul to a very few, but He reveals Himself to most men spiritually-Spirit to spirit. When a man receives this spirtual birth or touch of God then is he made an instrument to save rather than kill. Thus it is that a man by saving others fulfils the purpose of real spiritual life.

There are many who remain in doubt as to the reality of the spiritual life on account of not being able to find complete intellectual satisfaction. But our abiding happiness and bliss does not depend on increase of knowledge and in dispelling of doubts but on living according to the Will of God and obedience. Our knowledge is 751

finite. Therefore there is always room for doubt, for doubt can be . absent only when our knowledge has reached the perfect and infinite state. Hence we should trust our Heavenly Father, who is Love, for every thing, and in whatever condition He may be pleased to put us we should be content and happy. For He knows our needs.

Whatever God discloses of the future is enough. If we were to know more beforehand what is to befall us on earth, it would do us more harm than good. The small trials and difficulties that await us in the struggle of life would appear like a terrifying mountain and would crush us with dismay. How could we endure to have all the ills and pains of life shown to us at once? If all our good prospects were revealed to us we might become careless and indifferent and might think that there is no need of making any effort. The consequence would be we would lose our reward. The goal of man is not merely the attainment of an external reward-an essential part of it consists in the soul acquiring a fitness of character by severe struggle and effort. Without this fitness of character that reward will be no reward, for the soul would be without capacity to enjoy it. For this reason our Lord warned us to hold fast that which we have that no man take the crown from us (Rev. 3: 11).

The silk-worm before putting on garments of silk for itself produces silk for others; they become beautiful only after they have spun the cocoons of silk for others. They even sacrifice their lives and die in producing silk for others. Are we, who are to have the crown of life from God, to do less than the worms in service for our fellow beings 7 There are countries on the earth where there is extreme cold, and others where there is extreme heat. In one place water is freezing and in the other perspiration is falling. The good and the bad also exist in this world simultaneously. In the heart of the wicked there is continuous restlessness and anguish, whereas under the same circumstances, and in spite of outward sufferings, the heart of the child of God becomes a paradise because the Prince of Peace dwells there.

MISSIONS OR O-MISSIONS In mU!SlOnary interest, some give themselves to foreign missions, some to home missions, and a good many to omissions. Among these last, the interest is often zero, as they are naught. Again, there are those who exclaim warmly, "0 missions! Yes they are, 0 so needed!" but the 0 compasses all they do. Would that many at home might turn from being o-missionaries to being go-missionaries. And may those who for sufficient reasons cannot now be go·missionaries, be co·missionaries, "holding the ropes," supporting by prayer those who really venture their lives in missionary service.

A Great African

The Late Dr. James E. Kwegyir Aggrey, Vice Principal of Achimota College, Gold Coast BY H. W. PEE'f, BECKENHAM, KENT DELIGHTFULLY ingenuous, with the charm of a man of genius who retained the true simplicity of a child, a man of rare ability, keenness and education, Dr. James E. Kwegyir Aggrey was a credit to the Negro race, and the work of the Christian missionaries. He did much to help races and nations to understand one another, and to work together. He belonged, not only to one section, but to the world. He was a real black diamond among the treasures of humanity.

The great work of interpreter, reconciler, . mediator, which we hoped Dr. Aggrey would continue and extend, has been brought to a sudden close by the news of his death in New York, on July 30th, after an illness of only one day, due to "Pneumococcus menin- gitis. " JAMES EMMAN KjWEOYIR AGGREY-AN Dr. Aggrey was born in ,Vest AFRICAN CHRISTIAN Africa fifty-one years ago, son of KodwQ K wegyir, a royal linguist, who could trace his family back to the battle of Ghineah in the eleventh century. He was the heir to state and public positions from his father, and inherited five state offices from his mother. He re- ceived his early education at the ,Vesleyan School at Cape Coast Castle, and with little effort could have become a person of considerable importance in his own land. "But, " as he wrote in a letter dated June 14th last, "it is enough for me that it is known that I have such dynasties. On my father's side I prefer to be spokesman for my entire country, 'Africa, my Africa.' On my mother's side I prefer the stool, the golden stool of education. I want all my people, my countrymen, men and women, to be educated in the larger sense in the hand, the heart, and the head, and thus render Africa indispensable in spiritual, intellectual and common civil products to the world."

3 ~3

The story of his journey to America for more education, after he had become a teacher at the Cape Ooast, is well known. In 1896 he accompanied his father to Kumasi on the Prempeh expedition, attached as interpreter to the Royal Telegraph Battalion. "I was present," he wrote, "that Sunday when Canon Taylor Smith (now Bishop) preached his remarkable sermon and I was standing next to the late Prince Christian."

At Salisbury, North Carolina, he followed the trade of compositor, which he had learned in the vVesleyan School, and also reporter. He also studied, and took charge of two rural churches. Here in the social work he began to get close to the social problems of his people. When he left Livingstone College, Salisbury, for Achimota, after twenty-five years in the United States, he possessed twelve degrees, some from Columbia University, New York, including doctorates in theology, literature, philosophy and psychology.

He was invited to join the first Phelps Stokes Educational Commission to West Africa in 1921 and his tact, his insight and his power of interpretation of the African outlook led to another invitation to join the East African Commission two year later. "He was the most valuable man we had with us," said Dr. Thomas Jesse Jones, the chairman. This Commission gave him special opportunities to show his power, not only to interpret the mind of his own race, but to reconcile white and black in areas where prejudice and misunderstanding are too common. Dr. Loram, one of the South African Native Affairs Commissioners, pressed him to become a professor at Fort Hare. Aggrey had virtually accepted when the invitation came to help in the building up of Achimota. "I believed," he said, "that the greater service to Africa would be done by giving an object lesson of what might be done in this great experiment in ",Vest Africa, and so I decided to go as lieutenant to that great man, Alec Fraser."

What his passing will mean for that great institution in Africa none can say. "He will be an irreparable loss," said a high Gold Coast official. "Aggrey was an invaluable interpreter of the African to the white man and of the white man to the African."

"He it was who persuaded me to go to Achimota," the Rev. A. G. Fraser, Principal of the Prince of Wales's College, writes: "Never had a man a more loyal fellow worker, and he was invaluable in the special work he had to do. I have had many good things in life, but one of the best has been to know Aggrey intimately and well." Rev. J. H. Oldham, Secretary of the International Missionary Council, and member of the Colonial Office Education Committee, has called Aggrey "the greatest living African." All who knew him well felt that even such a description was not unjustified.

He was also an apostle of laughter, of the smile which wears

A GREAT AFRICAN CHRISTIAN

down scowls, and the attitude of mind which is the essence of the Sermon on the Mount; while glorying to be an African, he sought to be a bridg'e of understanding between his own and other races.

Above all Dr. Aggrey was a great Christian. "The one thing I am most proud of "he said in his last letter to me, "is my conversion to Christ. God understands me and makes me work harder every day to reach His stand for me, because, wonderful to relate, He has such faith in me. I pray in deep humility that I may never disappoint Him."

An Experiment in African Education BY THE REV. F. W. COBB, M.A.

H ISTORY is being made in the annals of the Gold Coast where, recently, the first all-black university flung open its doors in welcome to the five hundred students who will form the nucleus of an institution of which great things are expected.

In a single generation the lives and outlook of thousands of Africans on the West Coast have been changed as if a magician's wand had passed over the land. To these changes many circumstances have contributed, and foremost amongst these have been the opening up of great territories, a rapid influx of Europeans, and a vast increase in the country's trade.

With the expanding life of the African has not unnaturally come an insistent demand for education, and it is to meet this that the British Government has voted from funds provided by local taxes a sum of £500,000 for founding a college, with an addtional £50,000 annually for its maintenance. In this move of far-reaching importance the Governor of the Gold Coast, Sir Gordon Guggisberg, gave a splendid lead, and the result has been the founding of the Prince of Wales College on the hill of Achimota, overlooking the town of Accra.

On the opening day, Sir Gordon Guggisberg described Achimota as "the main gateway on the highroad of the progress of the Africans." Here in the four square miles of territory given up to the C~llege everything that experience and ingenuity can devise will be introduced to ensure success.

The central aim of this great educational experiment will not be to exploit or to Europeanize the African but to enable him to stand on his feet in the high realms of life. Here he will be taught the essentials of true and worthy leadership of his own people. He will be trained to teach, and to train others to teach, and a similar aim will be centralized in such other industries as engineering, farming and merchandise, while the girls-for Achimota includes both sexes-when they receive practical training in home-

making, besides general education, will be learning how to shape the new homes that will go so far to make a new Africa. Underlying all the college efforts, whether amongst boys or girls, will be the aim to make them worthy Christian citizens.

Sports will occupy an important place at Achimota, and large playing-fields have been laid out where the African boys and girls, besides developing mind and muscle, may learn those qualities of endurance and unsefishness which all true sport should mature.

Achimota is to be the mainspring of a peaceful revolution, not a university merely, but the keystone of a far-seeing government scheme destined ultimately to include colleges, secondary and elementary schools, and kindergartens throughout the length and breadth of the land. These will be staffed by West African teachers all keenly interested in developing a new and higher civilization for the land they love.

Of first importance has been the selection of the leaders. It is no exaggeration to say that the world has been searched in order to find the right men. The Colonial Office chose two principals, black and white; the Rev. A. G. Fraser and Dr. Kwegyir Aggrey.

The white man is known to his friends the world over as "Alec Fraser." A lithe, wiry man, he has been a wonderfully successful leader of youth in circumstances that have tested his powers to the full. Mr. Basil Mathews thus describes him in his arresting little book, "Black Treasure": "Alec ]~raser ….. is in this new adventure in the same spirit that nerved him to struggle through the mud and blood and barbed wire of the Great War. The very breath of his nostrils is to do new things for the freedom of the world in comradeship with other races-it is the spirit that he absorbed as a boy in Scotland, and as a young man watching his father, Sir Andrew Fraser, serving the people of India as Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal; the spirit that he breathed into others in building up a wonderful college for the boys of Asia at Kandy, in Ceylon."

Dr. Aggrey (whose death has just been recorded) has a record as excellent as that of his British colleague. Born on the Gold Coast in a leading family of the Fanti tribe, he was himself a chief, and as a boy went to school near the old slave castle where in past years men or his own tribe were penned in filthy dungeons while waiting for the slave ship to take them to America. Aggrey found his way to America, and there, after a course at Livingstone College, he went on to Columbia University, where he took the highest degree in philosophy. One who knew him well has thus described him: "A cheery African gentleman, consecrated to the service of God and of his own people, who burns with desire to lift them to where they should be." It is a great experiment, which many will watch with sympathetic interest.

A. N . POR1' ER AND HER MEXICAN BAPTIST KI Nl)ERGARTEN

Among the Mexicans in Texas BY JOSEPH MARTIN DAWSON, WACO, TEXAS T HE Mexican population in T exas, which normally numbers about a million, is being considerably augumented by priests and nuns from across the Rio Grande, They are fleeing from the rigors of the enforcement of Mexican religious laws and in consequence there has been started a renaissance of Catholic devotion among the immigrants in Texas.

This little mission was organized in the basement of the First Baptist Church of Waco some years ago by Dr. A. J. Barton, then p astor, now executive head of Southern Baptists at Nashville, Tennessee. Upon the abolition of W aco's restricted vice district, once the notorious center of basest wickedness, North Second Street became the home of the Mexican Bautista Iglesia. One of the largest of th e former houses of ill-fame was purchased by the Mission Boa rd for the ch urch and here the Mission has remained to cleanse the district. "Instead of the thorn shall come up the fir tree, and instead of the briar shall come up the myrtle."

During fifteen years this little mission, four hundred miles from the border, counts evangelism its greatest means of victory. During this period its pastors have baptized more than seven hundred Mexican converts, chiefly adults. This despite the fact that at the present, when the church registers the highest enrollment of its history, many transient members have gone on to other communities to help establish other church es.

These Mexicau Christians, breaking away from Roman Catholicism, are intensely missionary in spirit. Their state conventions are marked by great missionary ardor. When, due to the financial 757

stringency, Dr. C. D. Daniel, the superintendent of Mexican Baptist missions in Texas was withdrawn, the Mexican Baptist pastors earnestly protested and said: "We must have Dr. Daniel with us. He won us to Christ and he has been a father to us in the ministry." One said, "Take ten dollars out of my salary"; others said, "Take five dollars per month out of my salary and apply it to the salary of Dr. DanieL" Thus $150.00 a month was provided for by workers, many of whom were receiving only fifty dollars a month.

If the American pastors and members should meet their challenge, there would be no debt on the Home Mission Board within a few months.

The Waco Mission is presided over by Rev. and Mrs. A. N. Porter, formerly at the head of the Baptist College in Alamogordo, New Mexico. Mrs. Porter conducts a kindergarten and has been able to promote twelve of her pupils recently to the public schools. She also carries on cooking and sewing classes in which she is assisted by young ladies from Baylor University. On Thursday evenings Mr. Porter, assisted by teachers from the public schools, conducts free classes in English, not only for the children but for adults, some of whom are old men, the classes being graded according to the advancement of the pupils.

The midweek prayermeeting in this EttIe Mexican church of 120, notwithstanding the fact that many of the members live miles in the country and have no automobiles to transport them, has. an attendance of over fifty a week. On Sunday at 9: 30 in the morning the Bible School is held and lasts until noon. At 3 0 'clock comes the Sunbeam Band, 30 strong; at 4 o'clock the B. Y. P. U., with 24 young people, and at night the evangelistic preaching service.

The Mexican is much misunderstood. He has no disclosures for the rude. There is resentment against the patronizing and there is vengeance for injustice and cruelty. He is patient, industrious, patriotic, religious. If energized by the illuminating spirit of the Gospel, he is an asset to the world in the present time of need.

A wealthv Mexican from Chihuahua said to me: "Your Christian mission ~chools along the border of Texas are doing more to bring about g'ood will between Mexico and the United States than any other one thing. They have unmeasured possibilities. Keep them going."

RELIGION A NECESSITY, NOT A LUXURY Striking testimony is being given in many quarters to the necessity of religion as a means for holding intad the social structure. Experience shows that irreligion dissolves hnman society. The Jate .Tames Bryce, in his work on South America, wrote: "Both the intenectual life and the ethical standards of conduct in these countries seem to be entirely divorced from religion." The impossibility of making such a situation work has been forced home upon several South American governments. Accordingly, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay are cooperating with the YOUllg Men's Christian Association in the efforts to establish a spiritual basis for life in South America. .Tapallose statesmen have also frankly declared the necessity of religion as a basis of national life.

Churches in

BY FREDERIC S. GOOD)1AN, NEW YORK Secretary of the American Walden sian Aid Society M AY fifteenth was a day of rejoicing for the Waldensian Chris- tian~ ?f Sicily. In the presence of the pastors and evangelists of SICIly, and a crowd of members and visitors, the beautiful new building for the church in Palermo was dedicated. The Moder- ator of the ,'Valdensians, Signor Leger of Home, conducted the serv- ices and the sermon was preached by Signor Fasulo of Catania. A conference on evangelism, and a spiritual retreat, participated in by the officers and workers of Sicily, occupied the two following days.

'1'he church at Palermo has been waitilig patiently for a new building for more than fifteen years. The old property on a growing business street was sold and the new site purchased, but when Italy entered the war all such enlargements had to wait.

The fine day school of over one hundred boys and girls, the Sun- day-school and the other features of a city church, as well as im- portant evangelistic .activities, were maintained amid steadily in- creased difficulties. The church has now one hundred and fifty-five communicant members and added twenty-seven last year. The THE WAJJDENSIAN CHURCH, PALERMO, SICILY church at Catania, with 200 mem- bers, is the only one of the nine organized Waldensian churches in Sicily with a larger membership tli.an that at Palermo.

The beautiful new building, exclusive of lot, cost about $55,000.

The equipment is being provided by special gifts. The organ, de- signed especially for this church, and $1,000 towards the educational equipment are covered by gifts from the New York Branch of the American Waldensian Aid Society. The importance of the completion and dedication of this building, in the capital city of Sicily, can hardly be overestimated. This is the great port city, with a population of 300,000, It is the military, political, commercial, educational and ecclesiastical headquarters of 759

Sicily. Great cathedrals and monuments of earlier civilizations attract many visitors. How fitting that the oldest evangelical church in the world should have here its appropriate house of worship and center of Christian work!

Probably no other part of Italy offers to the Valdensian Church :J more promising field for evangelism and Christian education, than does Sicily. The sad statistics of illiteracy of the island (reported as over seventy per cent), the poor educational facilities in many places, and the gross superstitions of multitudes of the people, have made a !Strong appeal to the Valdensians for more than forty years. Against big odds, and out of their own poverty they have planted missions, built humble churches and started schools. They have now nine organized churches and twenty out-stations, in the island, with a communicant membership of 955, adding 113 last year.

The pastor at Palermo, who is also superintendent of the mission work of Sicily, is Signor Rinaido Malan. He will welcome visitors at the new church and manse, centrally located at Via Spezia, 61, near the beautiful Garibaldi Memorial on Via La I..Jiberta.

The writer has visited all but one of their churches, and has seen the children at work in the day schools. Some of these schools enroll over 400 pupils, three-fourths of whom come from Roman Catholic homes. Every child has daily Bible study, and the children learn to sing with enthusiasm the beautiful Waldensian hymns. Hundreds of the Sicilians thus come within hearing of the evangel in the 'VaIdensian services, and the Gospel is shown again to be "the power of God unto salvation," to all those wherever they live who hear and receive Christ by faith. It is impossible to estimate the silent influence of the faithful testimony, such as was borne about two years ago, by a family that moved from Riesi to Piazza Amerina. The former town is a sulphur mining settlement in the center of Sicily and the latter is the capital of a province in the eastern section of the island. This Christian family began to tell the" Good News" to their neighbors and as a result, inside of a year, ten fathers had confessed Christ, and ten families were ready to form a church. Sicily is ready for an advance step in the preaching of the Christian evangel.

Why Roman Cathollcs Need to Be Evangelized 1. Because multitudes of them are ignorant of the Gospel of Christ as proclaimed in the New Testament.

2. Because their religious leaders do not give them the Gospel or salvation through Christ by raith-but substitute salvation by works.

3·. Because their Church does not encourage them to read the Bible so that they may become intelligent Christians.

4. Because their Church interposes the Virgin Mary and canonized mortals between the suppliant sinner and the Saviour.

5. Because their Church encourages many superstitious beliefs-as in relies, charms, etc.

6. Because many of their priests are ignorant aud immoral and exaet money for bapHsm, marriage, mass and other religious sacrameuts.

7. Because Roman Catholics truly converted to Christ testify to the new life and light, peace and power that have come to them through the evangelical Gospel.

Louis Stevenson and Missions *

BY REV. J. W. BURTON, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA T HERE is little doubt that the first state of Robert Louis Stevenson, in relation to Foreign MissionS', is that of many an uninformed writer today, and the manner in which his point of view was changed is one of the romances of literature. The quiet, persistent pressure of facts completely changed his attitude, and the bohemian "R. L. S.," who has charmed a world with his stories, poems and essays, actually became a Sunday-school teacher in a Samoan mission school, and a supporter of missions' to the day of his death!

"I suppose," he writes, in a paper read before a missionary meeting in Sydney in 1893, "I am in the position of many persons. I had conceived a great prejudice against missions in the South Seas. I had no sooner come there than that prejudice was reduced, and then at last annihilated. Those who deblaterate against missions have only one thing to do, to come and see them on the spot. They will see a great deal of good done, they will see a race being forwarded in many different directions, and, I believe, if they be honest persons, they will cease to complain of mission work and its effects. At the same time, and infallibly in all sublunary matters, they will see a great deal of harm done. I am very glad to think that the new class of missionaries are by no means so radical as their predecessors. I have spoken to many missionaries, and I have pleasure to say that the most intelligent among them are of one opinion, and that the true one. They incline to think that it is beiSt to proceed by little and little, and not by much and much."

It was in the Marquesas Islands that Stevenson first came into touch with the missionary on the spot, and his picture of the Pere Simeon, is one of the finest he has ever drawn. "I had feared to meet a missionary, feared to find the narrowness and the self-sufficiency that deface their publications, that too often disgrace their behaviour." But in Pere Simeon he found man tru1y serving in the Spirit of Christ, whos'e business it was "to smooth the pillows of this dying family of man." ….. .

It was, however, during his long residence in Samoa, where he built himself a beautiful home at Vailima, some four miles from Apia, that he came into the most intimate and sympathetic touch with missionary work, and there the missionaries were among his closest and most valued friends. Of the Rev. W. E. Clarke, a London Missionary Society missionary, he writes: "The excellent Clarke up here almost all day yesterday, a man I esteem and like to the soles * The Miossionary Review of the Methodist Church of Australia. 761

of his boots; I prefer him to anyone in Samoa, and to most people in the world; a real good missionary, with the inestimable advantage of having grown up a layman. Pity they can't all get that!"

Stevenson grew impatient with those easy critics of missions who blame without discrimination the heroic efforts of these comparatively unknown workerS': "Those who have a taste for hearing missions, Catholic or Protestant, decried, must seek their pleasure elsewhere than in my pages. Whether Catholic or Protestant, with all their gross blots, with all their deficiency of candor, of humor, and of commonsense, the missionaries are the best and most useful whites in the Pacific."

In the quality of the converts he rejoices and adds this testimony: "The best specimen of a Christian hero I ever met was one of the native missionaries."

It was' James Chalmers, the pioneer missionary to New Guinea, that captivated Stevenson's imagination and turned him into a heroworshipper. Writing to his mother on board the S. S. Lubeck, between Sydney and Tonga, he says: " We have a very interesting party on board. Messrs. Chalmers and Hunt, of the London Society, and Mr. Brown, of the vVesleyan. Chalmers and Brown are pioneer missionaries, splendid men, with no humbug, plenty of courage, and the love of adventure. I have become a terrible missionaryite of late days: very much interested in their work, errors, and merits. Perhaps it's in the blood, though it has been a little slow in coming out. No, to be sure, I always liked the type. Chalmers, a big, stout, wildish-Iooking man, iron-gray, with big bold black eyes, and a deep straight furrow down each cheek. JEtat forty to forty-five."

Over and over again Chalmers is mentioned in his letters. To his close friend, Sidney Colvin, to whom most of tl1e "Vailima Letters" were written, he says: "I wistl you to get Pioneering in New Guinea, by .T. Chalmers. It's a missionary book, and has less pretentions to be literature than Spurgeon's Sermons. Yet I think even through that, you will see some of the traits of the hero that wrote it; a man that took one fairly by storm for the most attractive, simple, brave, and interesting man in the whole Pacific."

A year later he writes to Professor Baildon: "I could hardly change (life) with any man of my time, unless perhaps it were Gordon or our friend Chalmers: a man I admire for his virtues, love for his faults, and envy for the really Al life he has…… I shall look forward to some record of your time with Chalmers. You can't weary me of that fellow: he is as big as a house and far bigger than any church."

Little wonder then that Stevenson confided to Chalmers himself in a letter written shortly before the latter's death: "But, oh! Tamate! if I had met you when I was a boy and a bachelor, how different my life would have been."

I Am the Immigrant"

BY FREDERWK J. HASKIN I am the immigrant. Since the dawn of creation my restless feet have beaten new paths across the earth. My uneasy bark has tossed on all seas. My wanderlust was born of the craving for more liberty and a better wage for the sweat of my face. I looked towards the United States with eyes kindled by the fire of ambition and heart quickened with new-born hope. I approached its gates with great expectation. I entered in with fine hope. I have shouldered my burden as the American man-of-all- work. I contribute eighty-five per cent of all the labor in the slaugh- tering and meat-packing industries. I do seven-tenths of the bituminous coal mining. I do seventy-eight per cent of all the work in the woolen mills. I contribute nine-tenths of all the labor in the cotton mills. I make nineteen-twentieths of all the clothing. I manufacture more than half the shoes. I build four-fifths of all the furniture. I make half of the collars, cuffs and shirts. I turn out four-fifths of all the leather. I make half the gloves. I refine nearly nineteen-twentieths of the sugar. I make half of the tobacco and cigars. And yet, I am the great American problem. When I pour out my blood on your altar of labor, and lay down my life as a sacrifice to your god of toil, men make no more comment than at the fall of a sparrow. But my brawn is woven into the warp and woof of the fabric of your national being. My children shall be your children and your land shall be my land because my sweat and my blood will cement the foundations of the America of Tomorrow. If I can be fused into the body politic the melting pot will have stood the supreme test.

'" From The Immigrant.

763 BY H. J. SHEETS, BAREILLY, INDIA W HY preach to us illiterate folks ~ We can't understand your message." '['ranslated into plain Anglo-Saxon, this was the Oriental's way of telling us to "move on." Vhy this hostile reception? For a week we had been most cordially received by both Hindus and Moslems, and given a splendid sympathetic hearing.

As we moved on, men in the fields stopped their work to stare at us. When we drew nigh to the next village no children appeared to greet us and the women with fear on their faces beat a hasty retreat. A few men armed with clubs came out.

In tl1is unfriendly atmosphere we began to sing and then to preach. Gradually the people became interested, but still held on to their clubs. More men came-not one without a bludgeon-but the women and children remained conspicuous by their absence.

Songs and addresses finally succeeded in winning their confidence. Then we were told that the day before some men had come in a motor (we were in the missionary motor lorry) and entering a near-by village had kidnapped a child. The report has spread that nine children in all had been captured and carried way. I recalled that a new bridge was being built over the Ganges river and that word had been circulated by the worshipers of Mother Ganges that to placate her for this indigllity sixty children must be sacrificed. These superstitious villagers had taken us for kidnappers.

"Had we been Moslems and not Hindus," they frankly affirmed, "we would first have beaten you and then made inqUiries. In fact had not the Sahib (meaning me) been with you, we would have cudgeled you any way. We were sure that having come in a motor you could have only one purpose. "Vhen we saw you were carrying a box (harmonium) our suspicions were confirmed, for we felt sure you brought it along to stow a child away."

This ·week's evangelistic effort has convinced me that there is a most amazing and gratifying change in the attitude of the Moslems. As a rule they combine the disposition of the wolf and the lion and are never so happy as when attacking or devouring you. Controversial, intolerant, bigoted, they are hard to reach. But though we visited not less than ten villages where only Moslems live and though two of OUr men were tactless and controversial, the Moslems showed a most beautiful spirit of tolerance and receptiveness. The deity of Jesus and other questions came Up for discussion which in the past would have been tantamount to waving a red flag before a bull, but they were discussed in a truly Christian spirit. One young man followed after the rest had gone and told us that for years he had been a reader of the New Testament and asked us to teach him more about Jesus. We hope that he may become a true Christian.

764 ijjJ]M CUdDlf!$" {5 WWsn"'wvU'u",;UW""

By MRS. DAN B. BRUMMITT, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS DR. CAVERT'S BOOK-A PAGEANT (b) Nationalism.

As a textbook for the women of (c) Internationalism. Protestantism we believe that "The Adventure of the Church," by Sam- 4. What should be the goal of the Church' (a) World fellowship. (b) Missions.

uel McCrea Cavert, has no superior. (c) Kingdom of God.

Any woman who has forgotten churc.h 5. Define missions. history will in the study of thIS What do home and foreign fields have volume make a voyage of rediscovery in eommon~ which brings widened horizons and (a) Race questions. reveals new worlds of thought. * (b) World peace. (c) Industrial problems.

In introducing the author, do not CHAPTER II was a lovely, colorful neglect the peautiful paragraph in biblical pageant. Scripture characthe Preface beginning with the words, ters marched in stately procession "Most of all to Miss Twila Lytton." through the early history of Chris- Tell your class that "the discussion, tianity. Costumes were made of chapter by chapter," the" discerning cheap but bright-hued material, coninsight," and the" comradeship" cul- sisting of the long kimono-like underminated not only in a fine book, but garment, the flowing c 0 at s . 0 f also in the lovely wedding of this in- contrasting color, and a long straIght terested twain, on June 28, 1927. piece for the headdress, bound to the head by a cord around the brow and Make a careful outline of CHAPTER low on the back of the head. I in your own notebook; then go before your class with crayon and a Love was the only character who good blackboard. By skillful ques- was not in color. She was clad in tions, lead the students to develop the spotless white. outline. Mine was as follows: The leader was the interlocutor.

1. Do yon believe our Gospel? With a few words, she bound the (a) Do your religious convictions make characters into a harmonious. whole. a difference in your living1 The characters came on the platform (b) Do you believe in the God whom with open Bibles in hand. The order Christ revealed 1 (3,) Does your belief show itself in of the chapter was changed somewhat, service' All classes-all colors-all nations-all cultures ~ but all the material was used.

2. Define fellowship in the Gospel. First came "The Chosen People" (p. (a) Fellowship with God is not apart 48), showing the background of Judaism. from man. She read Psalm 2: 8, 9 and Exodus 23: 22. Cb) Fellowship with man is not apart from God. Second: The Jews become complacent (c) Fellowship knows sin t? b~ :obb.ing (p. 50). Amos 5: 22·24. Amos 3: 2. economically, color dIscnmlnatlOn, Amos 9: 7.

caste, etc. Third: Enlarging views (p. 52). Isaiah 60: 1 to 14.

Fourth: A protest against the narrow- 3. How shall we develop fellowship' ness of the day. Jonah 1: 1 to 5, 14 to 16.

Ca) Brotherhood between capital and Jonah 3: 1 to 4. Jonah 4: 1 to 4.

labor. Fifth . Jesus' idea of man is universal.

(p. 61): "Humanity." .Luke 15: 1 to 15.

* Copies of our outline, printed for use in the Sixth: A protest agamst exelusweness.

various classes, are now !=m. sale for ten cents each (p.68). "Race." John 4: 7 to 15. Luke at the various home mISSIon offices where there 10: 25, 37. arei Methodist headquarters.

765

/Seventh: The motive for Kingdom bUild- of terrol.' in the last of the persecuing (p. 65). "Love." Matt. 22: 35, 40. tions, from 303 to 313 A.. D., when the Scdptures were burned and Matt. 5: 43, 44. Matt. 18: 21, 22. Eighth: God is Universal (p. 59).

"Evangelist." John 4: 20 to 26. Matt. chmches were destroyed. The map 5: 43 to 48. showed no progress of Christianity in this period. Ninth: The result is (p. 71 and 72) " The Missionary.' , Luke 9: 52 to 55.

Luke 9: 57 to 59. Woman No.4 portrayed "The Im- After all characters had tal,en perial Church," with Constantine their places in a semi-circle on the raising a banner on which was a stage, a chord was struck on the piano cross and the words In Hoc Signo and one verse was sung of "0 Zion Vinces ("by this sign conquer") and Haste, Thy Mission High Fulfilling," followed by one verse of "Where told of the founding of Constanti- Cross the Crowded Ways of Life." nople. There was no missionary de- velopment of Christianity on the Many of the women decided that world map.

they would ask their pastors to allow Woman No. 5 interested us with them to use this little pageant in the the story of the old, yet ever new, devotional service which precedes his controversy over the doctrine of the missionary sermon. Trinity and she told of the formation The greatest and most difficult task of the Nicene Creed. She read the of this study was the presentation of earlier form of the Christian creed, the whole history of Christianity. It now known as the Apostles' Creed.

was for this task that the printed out- Woman No.5 pointed out quickly line was prepared for class use. the growth of the monastic spirit, the I suggest that Chapters III and V invasion of Rome by the Goths, Van- be used together. You will need an dals., Saxons and Angles. She closed outline map of the world for this with NOl.'th Africa claimed for Chris- study, and some sheets of colored tianity by Augustine, Bishop of bristol board. I used Hurlbut's Hippo. The leader placed a segment "Short Story 0 f the Christian of color on North Africa and claimed Church" and its divisions into pe- it for Christ..

riods as a basis for my little sketchy Woman No.6 had a tragic assign- history of Christianity in the printed ment. She pictured the rise and outline, placed in the hands of my spread of Mohammedanism. The class. leader placed a large irregular piece Woman No.1 took as her assign- of cardboard on the world map which ment "The Apostolic Church" and brought a gasp of dismay from the told briefly of the birth, life, cruci- class, for lo! most of the early con· fixion, and ascension of Jesus Christ, quests of Christianity were obliterated c los i n g with "The Pentecostal by the growth of Islam.

Church." The leader placed a tiny Woman No. 7 told briefly of the bit of living green over the place Crusades, showing how natural, yet where Palestine showed in the outline how harmful, was the desire to rescue map of the world. the Holy Sepulchre from the hands Woman No_ 2 took "The Expand- of the infidel.

ing Church," and told of the jour- Woman No.8 started the story of neys of Paul, Philip, and Peter, of "The Reformed Church." To her Paul's journeys with Silas and Timo- came the joy of telling about Peter thy. When she had finished, the Waldo, John Wyclif, John Hus, and leader placed in the Mediterranean Savonarola. There was no develop.

area another color, which covered all ment on the world map in this period.

the territory touched by these jour- Woman No. 9 took the period neys. known as "The Reformation" and Woman No. 3 took "The Perse- told of the dpirsecsosv,earyndofthge umnaproiwnedre'r~ cuted Church," telling of the reign the printing

BEST METHODS

compass. Hcr joyous task was to de- camc a mute appeal for an enlarged scribe the courage of Martin Luther, world-wide program.

Zwingli, John Calvin, and John CHAPTER IV. "'rhe Adventure in Knox. No development on the world America" was taught by the use of map. ten questions.

Woman No. 10 briefly suggested 1. In what sense can David Crockett and points in "The Counter Reformation. " She told of the Inquisition in Daniel Boone be considered as missionaries 1 Spain and France, and the founding 2. Trace the influence of the Haystack of the Order of the Jesuits which did meeting in Home and Foreign Missions.

3. What is the idea of Home Mission development in America ¥ missionary work in Mexico, South 4. Has any change taken place in the America, and the Orient. The leader Home Mission task in fifty years ~ placed color over these portions of the map, amid the protestings of the 5. What do you consider the three great class. tasks of Christian America today' Woman No. 11 developed rapidly 6. Is your Board of Missions equal to the "Growth of Puritanism" and the this task f 7. Are the Social Ideals of the Churches practica ble?

8. Is America a Christian Nation'

rise of the historic churches known Why' today as Presbyterian, Congregation- 9. Name a new task you are going to al, and Baptist. She showed the decline of interest, in the beginning of assume. 10. What new word are you going to put in your year's program'

the eighteenth century, which made CHAPTER VI. "The Adventurous the Wesleyan revival necessary. The Task for Our Generation" falls natleader placed a thin line of color urally into subjects for discussion along the Eastern coast of North groups. America, to indicate the location of the thirteen original colonies. An in- 1. New Frontiers for Missionary Pioterested group of women cheered gleefully. neers. 2. Western Civilization VB. Christianity. Woman No. 12 had been asked to 3. My Church in its Practice of Brother- hood.

take from Chapter V, (p. 150) the 4. Prove the Theory of One God. story of William Carey, and the 5. Define the Term "Heathen." leader placed India on the world map. 6. Latest News from China and Mexico.

Woman No. 13 related the story of We believe that every woman went Robert Morrison, (page 154) and the out from the study realizing that leader placed China on the map. "the final and perennial need is for Woman No. 14 briefly told the won- a deeper experience of God, revealed derful stories of Robert Moffat and through Christ, on the part of the David Livingstone, and the continent individual.' , of Africa anneared on the world map. MISS BURTON'S BOOK Woman No. 15 read up on the story of John Williams, (p. 15:7), and The following methods have been the leader placed over the islands of used with success in presenting Miss the South Pacific a large splash of Burton's "New Paths for Old Pur- color. poses," in five summer schools. The Woman No. 16 related the story methods may not be very wonderful, of Guido Verbeck and the going of but they show that if one will give seven mISSIOnaries from America to girls a chance they will make good Japan, and that country was placed use of almost any method. Let the on the world's map. imagination loose and let the young The call of Tibet, Afghanistan, folks get joy out of the book.

Mongolia, Chinese Turkestan, and Your first lesson will be "Tea for Baluchistan was voiced, as were the Five," not Chapter I-though that needs of Arabia, Persia and the Ma- is exactly what it is. Have real tea lay Archipelago. The world map be- and wafers and lemon and "things."

Let the "leading woman" be the hos- Chapter II is "Making a Scrap- tess, entertaining four guests: Eng- book." The scene opens with a group lish women No.1 and 2, and American of girls sitting on the floor and going women No.1 and 2. Let the party through a lot of newspapers and start with pouring tea, which is too magazines. Scissors are used freely strong for the American women, but by the girls and their leader, who just right for the English women. sits at a table before a huge loose- The hostess leads by saying that she leaf scrapbook. A tube of paste and just must talk about the latest meet- a box of candy complete the list of ing of the mission board of which stage accessories.

she is a member and at which every- Let the leader begin with the para- one expressed the opinion that "mis- graph in the lower edge of page 25, sions" are changing. Then follows a It has been said that the recent indusbit of dialogue. trialization of the East constitutes a fresh English woman No.1. "It seems challenge to Christianity the world over.

'extraordinary' (say it as they do, "Now, I am so glad," says the eliding the 'a') that I do not see cow- leader, "to have you girls help me boys and Indians here in your won- find news of this industrial situation derful America. I have not even the world over. Suppose you let me seen anyone who looked like a have what you find about China first, pioneer 1" then Japan, and, lastly, India." America.n woman No.1. "No, you A girl calls out, "Here is somewon't see many cowboys and Indians, thing on silk filatures, that means facexcept in certain sections out West, tories where silk is wound from the but my own parents were what might cocoons, doesn't it? Let me read it." be called pioneers. I was a baby The girl then reads from her newswhen we went to Oklahoma to live." paper a careful digest of the para- (See p 1, speak especially of reciting graph on page 27 which she has pages of Dickens.) prepared and pasted in the newspa- EngUsh woman No.2. "How in- per.

teresting! I'd love to take her to a The leader says that it is just what certain street in my London and she wants, so the article is clipped show her' The Old Curiosity Shop' in and handed to the leader who pastes the traditional spot where Dickens it in her scrapbook.

knew it." Draw upon other material in the English woman No.1. "But do chapter, being careful to make the you really have what you call a home articles short and crisp. Use about mission problem in America?" seven girls, asking each to prepare one "clipping" on some country. Hostess gives the answer, as she Keep the candy box going, use scisdoes in all the items of information sors and paste freely, chat, and have to be brought out, such as: a good time.

1. New occasions teach new duties. Let Chapter III be a meeting of 2. New circumstances of which Christian "The Cosmopolitan Club." In my missions must take notice, such as inter- dependence, the world a whispering gallery, class at Northfield we had a "really truly" Japanese, an Armenian, an the effect of movies, world travel. Italian, a Negro, and a German, with 3. Missionary message of today is our three or four Americans.

entire national life (p. 11). 4. Read from "The Christ of the Indian Road" extracts from Chapter III, "The The contents of this chapter on Great Hindrance." "Christian Missions and Modern In- dustry," were assigned to girls who 5. Today's challenge, the hunger for God, had made careful preparation of the need for education and evangelism to be restated, the doing away with geographi- cal barriers (p. 211), and last, but most "speeches" for the meeting. The important, the appeal of today to the spirit meeting was formally called to order, of sacrifice and heroism. If you will chat, the subject for discussion was stated, and sip tea and be natural, this goes well.

and there followed such excellent For the fine, world-wide, last chapspeeches that not only the Club but ter, let the meeting take the form of the audience cheered each speech. a Resolutions Committee. Let the leader read the preamble and the The leader must say little, of girls the" whereases," which must be course, but she must tie the speeches carefully prepared in advance or together. At Northfield, she was they will be too long. needed to provide a handkerchief for the darling Armenian girl to whom For subject matter, let me suggest: the session became so real that her emotion caused her to extemporise on (a) Appreciation of abilities and talents her real Christian experience, to the of other races. delight of those who heard her. (b) Recognition of the desire for God Chapters IV and V were used as in every human heart. a kind of "free for all" discussion group, on such questions as, "What (c) Forms of worship more important is your motive in doing missionary than church buildings. work among colored races,1" "Name (d) The supreme significance of Jesus Christianity's greatest foe, and don't Christ and the insignificance of denomina· say Mohammedanism." "If you tionalism. were a missionary to China, what would you ask of this group f" (e) Christ greater than Christianity.

(f) Recognition of the natural growing spirit of nationalism.

(g) The change in Christian Missions from leaders and followers to a fellowship in a world-wide task.

PRINOIPLES OF OHRISTIAN STEWARDSHIP 1. The following principles should be recognized by the Christian who would relate himself intelligently to property, income, wages and wealth: (1) God is the Owner of all things. (2) God invites men to subdue the earth and possess it. (3) Under grace, man is a steward to hold and administer his possessions as a sacred trust. (4) God's ownership ought to be acknowledged. (5) Biblical history records and extraordinary history recognize the setting apart of the tenth of the income as that acknowledgment; there is indicated a divine sanction for the practice and the amount. (6) God's ownership and man's stewardship are best evidenced by the s,ystematic application of this portion of income to the advancement of the Kingdom and by the faithful use of the balance of income not set aside. 2. The following methods should be pursued by the Christian who would administer wisely his stewardship of material possessions: (1) Actual or constructive separation of the proportion of income which complies with the foregoing principles. (2) A written pledge in advance for the regular work of the church (local budget and benevolence budget). (3) A weekly payment of the amounts prescribed; offered as an act of worship at a public service, if this is possible; otherwise held until offering may be made. (4) Payments from time to time, out of the portion set aside but not previously pledged, to special causes. (5) Careful, intelligent, personal and prayerful consideration of the uses to be made of the whole of income and wealth; this will require study of the local, national and world-wide program of the Church and of the full stewardship of life itself. (6) Freewill offerings, thank-offerings and gifts.

4

History Test On Moslem

PREPARED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK WHAT IS YOUR S(JORE1 T HE following twenty questions may be used to test your knowledge of missions in Moslem Lands. Grade yourself and your friends by the percentage of correct replies. Twenty correct answers score 100 per cent, ten correct answers 50 per cent, and so on. The answers will be found on page 792, but do not consult them until you have tried to answer the questions. You will be interested to discover your score.

1. Approximately what is the Mohammedan population of the world 1 2. In what two countries of Asia is the population wholly Mohammedan?

3. What countries in Asia have no ,Moslem problem f 4. Which country has the largest Moslem population of any in the world T 5. Where are there nearly 200,000 Moslems for whom no Christian missionary is at work ~ 6. Where is Mohammedanism making its largest advance at the present time? 7. What famous battle checked Moslem advance in Western Europe 1 8. What is the watchword of Islam 1 9. How many times a day and at what hours must a Mohammedan pray 1 10. What is the sacred book of Islam and how does it compare in length with the New Testament? 11. What are the two most sacred centers of the Mohammedan world 1 12. Who was the first Christian missionary to the Moslems? 13. Who was the first, modern missionary to the Moslems? 14. What two great missionaries translated the Bible into Arabic, the sacred language of Islam V 15. What champion bicycle rider of Great Britain and contributor to the Encyclopedia Brittanica founded a mission for Moslems in Arabia? 16. What missionaries, still living, founded the Arabian Mission of the Reformed Church in America? 17. What famous English missionary bishop, after 40 years' work in India, went to Muscat to work for the Moslems of Arabia? 18. What young millionaire alumnus of Yale enlisted for work among the Moslems of China and died at Cairo en route to his. field? 19. Who is said to have been the most distinguished of all Moslem converts in India during the 19th century7 20. What young Syrian, said to have been the first Moslem convert to preach Christ in Arabia, died after 16 months' work under suspicious circumstances that pointed to poisoning1 770

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 E. 22ND STREET, NEW YORK RELIGIOUS WORK AMONG Mexico from the east. In 1804, how- SPANISH-SPEAKING ever, an American peddler entered PEOPLE • the country and the following year SPANISH CONQUESTS IN NEW a hunter, trapper, and trader wan- MEXICO dered by chance into New lIIexico after having become lost in the Rocky When the first Spanish explorers ~[ountains. In 1812 the Santa Fe came to what is now our Southwest, trail was blazed from St. Louis, and they found an Indian civilization al- ten years later it was permanently ready several centuries old. The opened. Over this trail large cara- first Spanish settlement in New Mex- vans passed.

ico was made September 5, ] 598, at Until 1821 New Mexico was under Chamita. Seven years later, in 1605, Spanish control and much of the it was. removed to Santa Fe. There land was held under land grants is- the Spaniards conquered and en- sued by the King of Spain. In 1821 slaved the Pueblo Indians. They de- New Mexico became a province of veloped nunmg, agriculture, and :',lexico and remained such until 1846, grazing, and for three quarters of a when General Kearney marched west, century they prospered. In 1680 the raised the American flag over the Indians revolted, burning ranch Santa Fe plaza, and declared New houses, destroying property, and fi- Mexico a part of the United States.

nally seil':ing the governor's palace at Santa ]'e. The governor and his MEXICANS IN THE UNITED STATES party were forced to leave the coun- There has been much crossing and try in haste. For the next twelve recrossing of the border line through years, or until 1692, the Pueblos were the years, but the last two decades again in control of the land which have been characterized by very they had occupied for centuries and marked increases in Mexicans coming they did their best to wipe out every into the United States ….. vestige of Spanish occupation. They destroyed mines, burned records, pro- No longer can we think of the Mexhibited the use of the Spanish lan- ican and Spanish-speaking people as guage and even destroyed the seeds living only in the Southwest. Whereintroduced by the Spaniards. It was ever sugar beets are raised, as in then that de Vargas returned with Utah, Colorado, Wyoming, Montana, an army of 300 Spaniards and 100 North Dakota, Michigan, and Ohio, Indians and once more conquered the .Mexican labor is used. In great incountry ….. dustrial centers such as Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Toledo, Gary, Chicago, The Spaniards brought with them Aurora, Joliet, Detroit, Milwaukee, the traditions and organization of the St. Louis, Kansas City, and Wichita, Roman Catholic Church and at once Mexicans are found in varying numimposed their religion upon the In- bers. The lines of immigration have dians or won them to its standards. reached even the fl.sheries of Alaska. Some are deflected south and east Before the nineteenth century where in cotton-raiRing sections Ne- Americans had not approached New (Ja• yFrso. mS Report of Commission on Religion gro labor has heretofore had no com- towell, Secretary) El Paso Conference petition. In Tampa, Florida, the Mexican and Porto Rican popUlation of religious, social, educational and welfare IS estimated to be fully 30,000. On representatives held December. 1926. to con- ~ider the interests of Mexicans and SDanishsp·eaklng people in the United States.

771

the eastern coast Mexicans form a ter nearly three quarters of a century minor part of an increasing Spanish- of effort we have a Protestant church speaking population principally from membership of 2,790 as compared the West Indies. In New York this with an estimated Spanish population lS especially true. of 225,000. In the past we have been inclined to be very critical of the Some effort is being made to pro- Roman Catholic Church and there are vide religious leadership and help. many things in its history in New There are at least four or five Span- Mexico of which it would be difficult ish-speaking churches in New York, to be proud. However, there is in- 'ohree or four in Chicago and in De- creasing evidence that the ministry of troit. At Gary work is also being the Catholic Church is an important done. It is safe to say, however, that factor in the moral and religious welin most cases there is a woeful lack fare of the state. Standards of work of equipment and leaders ….. The have been improving and workers in magnitude of these countrywide op- charge seem to be more carefully seportunities presents a new challenge lected than they have been at certain to the religious forces of America …. times in the past.

WORK IN NEW MEXICO In the rural places the service of the Catholic Church is limited but the The first Protestant missionary people are loyal. In northeastern came tD New Mexico in 1850 under New Mexico the situation is complithe Methodist Episcopal Church, but cated by the Penitente organizations work was not opened in the Spanish whieh flourish there whose moru,dos language until 1853 …… Very little and crosses dot the country-side. definite progress was made in Methodist work before 1870. Other de- Protestantism has not succeeded in nominations may have entered the building strong Protestant churches field shortly after 1850, but the rec- in New Mexico, but that it has made ord of such entry is not available at an important contribution to the this writing. The Presbyterian building of a state, no one can deny. Church, U. S. A. in 1866 definitely In numerous communities the outestablished work there. The North- standing leaders are products of its ern Baptists commenced work among schools and in our churches. Spanish-speaking people of New Mexico about the same time; this was The language problem has probably later turned over to the Southern complicated work in New Mexico a Baptists. The Congregational Church little more than elsewhere. Spanish entered the field in 1879, the United is the native tongue although it should Brethren in 1912, arid the Methodist be noted that owing to isolation the Episcopal Church, South, in 1917. language is not the Spanish of Mex- ico ….. It was not until 1891 that a An interdenominational study of public school system was established the Spanish work in New Mexico re- in the territory ….. Within recent ports 47 churches: Presbyterian, U. years the New Mexico public school S. A., 21; Methodist Episcopal, 12; system has made rapid advances …. Congregational, 5; Methodist Epis- In the larger places pupils in the copal, South, 8; United Brethren, 4. public schools almost automatically acquire English through mingling The Roman Catholic Ohurch is with individuals who speak English dominant and there is evidence that and through their work in the classthe qnality of its ministry is steadily room ….. Now that boys and girls of improving, particularly in its chief both groups mingle together freely in center, Santa Fe ….. Possibly in no public schools and are mastering part of the United States is the in- English, so that language is no longer fluence of that church relatively a barrier, the question is raised as to greater than among the Spanish- whether we should continue separa· speaking people of New Mexico. Af-

1:927J WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

tion of the two groups in our churches, taken into consideration in the study whether we can afford to maintain a of the whole question of self-support. division which the public school does The general average would indicate not, and which is not observed in the that 50% are in comfortable circum- Catholic Church, in politics or in stances, 25% poor, 25% destitute. business. This. brings us to the ever important question as to the correct "In spite of large efforts made by attitude of Anglo-American churches county, city, and state health boards, toward specialized groups m their in spite of efficient work of clinics communities. which are often features of our com- munity and church work, in spite of Spanish-Americans have the same instructions in sanitation and hylegal standing as Anglo-Americans. giene, health conditions among Mexi- .Many highest state offices have been cans in Southern California are deheld and are held by Spanish-speak- plorable ….. In some localities the ing Americans. It seems to be pos- rate of infant mortality among Mexisible to have representatives of the cans is as high as 25%. The poor two groups in the same legislative health conditions are due to malnutribody, same office or store, same ath- tion, because of insufficient wages to letic teams, same rooms in grammar support large families, ignorance, and high schools and in universities. crowding, and immorality. The dis- With the language difficulty disap- eases to which Mexicans seem to be pearing for the younger generation, particularly susceptible are tubercuwith tbe example of other groups to losis, trachoma, and venereal diseases. encourage us, we are more and more Of course, during the winter when perplexed to discover why our Anglo- the usual run is on of whooping American churches, so-called, should cough, scarlet fever, diphtheria, not assume .larger responsibility for mumps, measles and smallpox, Mexi- Spanish-Americans in their respec- cans are very much larger sufferers tive communities. In some cases it than are Americans …… " will doubtless be desirable to employ special workers who have at least a It seems to be the consensus of conversational knowledge of Spanish, opinion that it is wiser to have two but we are facing the question as to enterprises: the settlement house and whether some adjustment of program the church, under separate managein certain communities along a ment but working cooperatively. broader, more comprehensive, and more unified basis should not take Poor physical equipment seems to place. be the biggest handicap of most of the fields ….. Roman Catholics are IN CALIFORNIA accustomed to worship in cathedrals, while Protestant worship invites them The largest l'IIexican center in the to huts ….. . state is Los Angeles with a Mexican population which is estimated from Mexicans are great personal 75,000 to 125,{)00 ….. . workers, and very probably the re- sponse which a pastor receives to his "Mexicans served by our Protes- public appeal has been fostered by tant evangelical churches in Southern personal work on the part of mem- California are engaged for the most bers of his church. Practically all of part in work on fruit and nut the churches indicate that there has ranches, construction work upon rail- been a decided advance during the roads, street car lines, sewers, and as past five years. laborers in railroad shops and factories. From 30 to 40% seems to be I love to think that God appoints migratory. Destitution among fam- My portion, day by day; ilies served by our churches ranges from 20 to 40% . This very large Events of life are in His hand, figure is an important index to be And I would only say: "Appoint them in Thine own good time, And in Thine Own best way!" A. L. WARING. EDITED BY MISS A:MY G. LEWIS, NJ<.'W YORK THE NEXT ANNUAL MEETINGS extent of the indirect influence of Christianity among the people of this The next Annual Meeting of the country. . . . .. The Christians are Federation of Woman's Boards of numerically a small body but for Foreign Missions will be held January every family that numbers professed 6' to 10, 1928. The theme selected Christians, among its members, there by the Program Committee is, "In- are manv who have come in contact _creasing Power for Increasing Obli- with C};ristian work and teaching, gations. " Present-day situations in and, though not adherents of any lands where missions are at work will Christian body, are averse to any be presented by nationals. A frank step that would hamper the liberty facing of the real situation is sought. that Christians value ….. , The epi- sode effectively illustrates the general The Foreign Missions Conference sympathy of the people of Japan, and will be held from January 10 to 13, their legislature, with the Christian 1928. 'l'here will be joint meetings movement …… and the power of a of the Foreign Missions Conference vigorous and educated minority to inand the Federation Tuesday afternoon fluence the course of government." and evening to consider these subjects : The Jerusalem Conference, OPEN-MINDED Union Colleges, Christian Literature and The Home Base. A joint Young One of the prayers being offered by People '8 Session will be held on Sun- those preparing for the Jerusalem day afternoon. Conference is: JAPANESE PEERS AND "That members of the Couuci!, all who take part in the work of preparation, the CHRISTIANITY Mission Boards and the Churches overseas may be given an open and childlike mind, Missionaries in Japan are taking readiness to receive new ideas and willingnew courage for their tasks from the ness to venture forth on untried ways." shelving of the law proposed by the Minister of Education to control all To some it may seem a dangerous relip'ious teaching. The bill was de- prayer likely to lead into unknown cisively beaten in the House of PeerR. and unwise ways. It is interesting to see how open-mindedness and honesty "Christianity found friends in may have other results. Stanley many unexpeeted quarten; when this High, author of "The Revolt of bill came before the Diet," writes one Youth" and well-known for his symmissionary. "Many objectionable pathy with national aspirations. withfeatures were stricken out or modi- in and without the Church, writes in fied. In the Diet there was revealed The Christian Advocate of August 4th in a singular way the intellectual of his experience in India on his rechange that has taken place in Japan. eent :iourney around the world: The debates wrre keen, intelligent, fair, and revealed a knowledge of "There is more than one India …. Christianity and a wish to promote I landed in Bombav with an itinerary its growth that should hearten any rather well mapped out. An India~ doubting Thomas. The bill was finally student helped me to map it ……. . shelved in the House of Peers. " " 'If you want to know India,' he One of the leading Japanese papers said,' divide your time-exclusive of said (in connection with the defeat of the necessary side trips-between the bill) "Among. the factors which Gandhi's Ashram at Ahmedabad and impressed them (the Peers) was the Tagore's school at Shantanekatan.' "

774 After interviews in Bombay with India of the drawing rooms and distinguished members of Municipal student hostels of Bombay_ and Provincial Councils, Indian edi- "I went to the home of Brindaban's tors, bankers" merchants, Mr. High leading Hindu. His house was a sanc- met an Indian of whom he writes: tuary. Above the delicate carving of "This man-an Oxford B.A.-has the stone door there were inscriptions not done much in politics. But wHh from the Vedas. He came out onto a an increasing minority of Indians who little portico above a quiet courtyard have given themselves to social service, he is known and loved for his –an old man, kindly, considerate, good works wherever, in the cities of godlike. For a long time we talked to- India, men, women and little children [!,'ether. He told me of the hours, each are ground out on the wheels of mod- day, which he spent in prayer and of ern industry. the knowledge of God which those hour;; brought him. " 'What and whom have you been seeing?' he asked me when I ap- "Then I recalled the widows in peared at his office for an interview. the temple compound and the temple "I told him in some detail and with children up at the hospital, and it ocmuch satisfaction. He laughed. curred to me that Jesus-who also knew God-had insisted that that "'When will you start in on knowledge would find its final meas- India l' he asked. urement 'inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the least of these.' So " 'What do you mean l' I told my Hindu friend of the things " 'Simply this: that you won't find I had seen and of the stories I had India in Bombay or Calcutta or heard about religion at Brindaban.

Madras, or even at Ahmedabad and " 'That is all true,' he said, 'and Shantanekatan. India doesn't speak much more that you do not know. English or wear shoes, and isn't met But what does that have to do with up with over the tea at four. India religion 1 There is immorality and of the future-the distant future- morality in Hinduism; oppression may be there. But if you are inter- and freedom. But we Hindus are con- cerned with none of these things. Reested in the India of the present, with ligion to us is communion of the soul whom you and I in our lifetime will with God; that and nothing more.' be concerned, get off the asphalt and on to the country roads,. The real "I came to India fed up with the India-and a vastly different place it intolerance of Christianity. I did not is-is in the villages where a mere believe in the sentiments of many of ninety-one of every hundred Indians our missionary messages and in the dwell. ' expressions of many of our mission "In the end I took his, advice and hymns. But away from the wide remade my schedule. Gandhi's Ash- porticoes and quiet classrooms of ram and Tagore's school remained on India's nine per cent I have seen anit, but they were included as side other India-not talked of over the trips. The regular route lay through tea. It is in this India that the misthe small communities, the smaller sionary serves. His message-since it the better. I have visited Mr. Gandhi and have continued to meet the lead- involves unpleasant facts and more en; of political India. But under the unpleasant responsibilities – may guidance of Indians and with their sound intolerant to the New Intelinterpretations I have seen and li~e~tsia. But it is a message of kindly learned many things about the other mllllstry and hope to the ninety-one ninety-one per cent. And most of all, ner cent in India's. population who I have learned how wide and deep live beyond the asphalt where, heavy with ancient fears, is the gulf that extends between them " 'The heathen in his blindness and their life, their India and the Bows down to wood and stone.' 'I

fROM.l1fANY

THE NEAR EAST ary Council to be held in Jerusalem Christ Lifted Up in Turkey next spring. The new secretary has MISSES ETHEL W. PUTNEY written of his work: "The Council and Edith H. Wiley, mission- wish my main work to be that of evanaries of the American Board in Tur- gelism, recruiting and deepening the key, wrote in a recent letter: "Those spiritual life of the indigenous and outside of Turkey who hear of the foreign Christians. The thought of prohibition of religious teaching in getting back again into the foreign our schools, have little idea of the mission field thrills me."

amount of spiritual yearning found, especially among the younger genera- New Church Me_bers in Syria R tion most affected by the social revolu-EV. W. S. NELSON writes of a trip to Birsheen, a mountain tion. They, like the same types of people all over the world, respond in village in Syria which for a year and admiration and reverence to any real a half had not been visited by a misportrayal of the personality and sionary: "That Sunday was one to teaching of Christ. Sometimes even be remembered. Two well-attended their hearts so respond to His teach- services were held, and we had conings, wherever they may have heard tinuous conferences and religious disthem, that they themselves urge the cussion. There were neople present acceptance of the principles which we from five other villages, in all of have been accustomed to consider dis- which there are interested groups of tinctly Christian. For all this, we are inquirers. Four bright young men very grateful and are more than ever came into church membership, and it eager to lift up Christ in word and was a pleasure to hear their eager and life. " intelligent answers to our questions.

Two of these are sons of one of the A Bible Lands Chrbtian Council most important men of the village, I T WAS announced in the Septem- who is unwilling to compromise his ber REVIEW that Robert P. Wilder, worldly leadership by uniting with founder of the Student Volunteer the little Protestant group, though Movement for Foreign Missions, ex- he always attends our services and pects to serve for three years as execu- was present when his sons joined the tive secretary of "the newly formed church. In conversation about the Christian Council of Western Asia building of a church which is much and Northern Africa." The field of this council includes about 85,000,000 needed, I said to him, 'We shall expeople, of whom 6·6,000,000 are Mos- pect you to head the subscription list lems, in Turkey, Syria, Palestine, with a good sum.' He replied with eagerness, 'Believe me, I will.' "

Iraq, Persia, Arabia, Egypt, the Su- 0 dan, Abyssinia, Algiers, Tunis and The Earthquake in Palestine the Balkans. There are Protestant LD Testament allusions to earth- missionary societies at work in this quakes and records of many such area with about 1,600 missionaries. events in more recent days show that Special responsibilities will be given "the little country which is the land to this body in view of the proposed of heart's desire for three religions.

meeting of the International Mission- Christianity, Judaism, and Moham- 776

J927J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

medanism," has suffered frequently to talk and wave his arms about. We in this manner. The earthquake all sat still, and finally the preacher shocks which were felt on July 11th asked him if he was through; and were responsible for casualities num- looking earnestly at bim said, 'Well, bered at 6iOO dead and 3,000 injured. then, what are you going to do with The Christian Century thus sum- Jesus?' The man was so chagrined marizes the damage wrought in the and taken aback, that he sat down Holy Land: without a word. The courtesy and love with which these men were In Jerusalem portions of the Church of treated in our own church, when they the Holy Sepulchre, precious.to Christians were trying to cause trouble, made of all groups, have suffered severely. The other Moslems more in sympathy with Mohammedan Dome of the Rock, the so- us than ever." called Mosque of Omar, will require much repairing. The Zionist academy or univer- Persia Needs Christian Books sity has suffered the loss of one of its principal bnildings and much of its equipment. REV. DWIGHT M. DONALDSON, Other effects of the shock have been felt in of the American Presbyterian various parts of the city and vicinity, es- Mission in lHeshed, Persia, writes of peciaJly at A5n Karim, the traditional home the need ·of Christian literature for of John the Baptist, and at Abu Dis, a town both inquirers and converts: "After back of Bethany, notorious for its bandits thirty or forty thousand copies of in the days of Turkish rule. At Bethlehem Scripture have been discriminatingly the Church of the Nativity has also suffered sold, with the vast amount of short and will need .extensive repairs. In Jericho, sermon preaching that goes with this one of the hotels was completely destroyed. work, it is only logical to expect that And in Nablus, the ancient Shechern, con- there will be men anxious to have persiderable portions of the town have been sonal conferences with some one about wrecked, including, as reports indicate, that what they have read and found interarea in which the Samaritans, the only sur· esting. And those who have newly vivors of that ancient group, had their believed on Jesus Christ, and who are synagogue and their homes. growing in Christian character, often come with special problems and ques- Education for Syrian Girls tions……. The missionary has very few books to choose from. We may FROM the nucleus of a few girl pu- have to wait for the second-generation pils in the early days of the Ameri- Christians to write the best books, but can Presbyterian Mission in Beirut, those eventual best books will be all boarding schools for girls, then day the better if the first-generation parschools, a nurses' training school, and ents have wholesome and stimulating a .iunior college for girls have had reading matter in their homes now." their slow but sure development, until even the doors of the American Uni- Moslem Teacher Accepts Christ versity have been forced to open wide enough to admit the eager women ARECENT conversion reported students. "It is a far cry from those early days," says Miss Ottora Horne, . from Persia is that of a teacher "when education for girls was con- in a Moslem school for boys whose sidered a preposterous scheme by the principal was a blind mullah. He had people of the land, to the present an infection and was brought to the when the university men are forced American hospital. After several to work their hardest to equal the few visits, he became interested in the women in their classes." Saviour and, with the doctor, studied the Gospel. Soon he learned that this Courtesy Disarms a Mullah Saviour was his Saviour too, and ac- cepted Him for himself. He then THE subject discussed at a prayer began to talk to others about his newly meeting- in Tabriz, Persia, was, found Master and to carry gospel por- "What will you do with Christ?" "Just after the preacher finished," writes a missionary, "a mullah rose, and began in a most excited fashion

tions and tract~ to !ti~ fellow teachers would return after having been con- and students. Some became interested verted to other faiths. The matter of and wanted to know more about the the uplift of the' untouchables' is now Gospel, but some went to the blind a prominent question among Hindus mullah and told him that this man of all classes. The lower classes them- was trying to make Christians out of lielves are holding conferences and Moslems. 'l'he blind mullah said, making demands and seeking outlets "You must not go to the American into higher and better things. The hospital any more.' , Nevertheless, newer Hinduism, as represented by the man did not stop going, nor did the Arya Samaj, has adopted several he stop teaching his associates, but Christian methods in its work ….. .

he did lose his position as teacher. Mohammedanism has no paid min- istry, for every man is supposed to be Open Honse in Baghdad a missionary. Lectures are being de- WHEN someone in Baghdad said livered, literature distributed, and in- to Dr. and Mrs. Calvin Staudt, creased activity is very manifest in "Your house is like a khan, people the community."

pass in and out its doors continual- ly, " they felt that they were reaching Some Social Evils of Hinduism A their ideal for their home. Mrs. N ILLUSTRATION of the lengths to which the laws of Hindu social Staudt men~ions among those who, she says, "come in through the wide- orthodoxy. will go is seen in the case open door," members of the Syrian of an aged woman patient in the Visand Jewish communities, the Iraqi nddhananda Marwari Hospital in Calofficials, missionaries from India, cutta, suffering from dropsy, who was Burma, Persia, and Arabia, and trav- expelled from the hospital because her elers from many lands, "But," she son had married a Marwari widow. says, "there is, first of all the large I t is charged that her expulsion from and varied acquaintance through our the hospital in a critical condition reboys. No school in Iraq has such a sulted in her death. variety of races and religions under The Indian Witness, a Christian one roof. Parents, from the janitor paper published in Lucknow, makes of a business house to the sheikh of this incident the occasion for the folone of the big tribes, come here with lowing statements: equal assurance. This relationship is Occasionally we are told that Hinduism but in its infancy. We plan for has produced a mild and gentle people, something much more intimate in the more Christ-like in character than those who profess to be disciples of Jesus. Those who future. " make such statements seem to be acutely INDIA AND SIAM and painfully aware of the social and mo:ral evils existent among Christians, but uncon- Foes of Christianity in India scions of the evils that afflict Hindu society.

OPPOSITION to Christianity on ……,The social reform movement in India has been distinctly slowed-up by numerous the part of Mohammedans and lllldeserved panegyrics on Hinduism and the Hindus was never better organized or time has come for plain speaking about the evils of the Hindu social system (unexmore aggressive than now, according reeded for cruelty in any civilized commuto reports received at the office of nity) such as child marriage, mistreatment the Foreign Missions Conference of widows, untouchability, and denial of from missionaries in the central elementary human rights to outeastes.

provinces of India. "Hinduism has undergone a change, one of the most India Reading the Bible A remarkable in the history of any T THE annual meeting of the British and Foreign Bible Sorf'lil!ion." writes one ~issionarY. "From heinl! simuly a conservative ciety various statements were made force, non-resistant, it has surldenly concerning the increasing interest in become a missionary relig-ion. It now the Bible shown by educated Indians.

opens the doors of caste to those who In the 'l'elugu country there is a

1927J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

zcmindar-, a petty rajah, who has been indeed, and you take it to the poor spending the last two or three years and to the outcaste, but we zemindars in putting the whole of the New . , …. it has not been brought to 'l'estament into Telugu verse. At his us.' "

daughter's wedding he renrinted the Sermon on the Mount on good paper, South Indian Villages Changed and in good print, and presented a T HE Church Missionary Society copy of it to each of his thousands of has recently published a survey of guests. The lectures on the New the mass movements toward Chris- Testament given by Gandhi, at the tianity in those parts of India where it is at work. Bishop Azariah of request of the students, at the Na- Dornakal is quoted as saying that the tional College at Ahmedabad have movement in his South Indian diocreated an unprecedented demand for cese is growing in volume and Testaments in the Gujerati language, strength. The numbers of converts and several pastors in South India have greatly increased: 40,000 people report that young men and old men who have never been near a mission are being prepared for baptism now school have asked them for copies of in an area where five years ago the "the book which contains the Sermon number was 20,000. Whole villages on the Mount," for, they said, "Mr. are being changed because of the transforming power of Christ at work Gandhi has been writing so often in the lives of hundreds and thouabout the Sermon on the Mount, and sands of individuals, And the moveabout the Cross of .Jesus Christ, that ment, which for a long time was we want to have the book which tells confined to the outcastes, is now us these stories.'"

The Mohammedan's Appeal reaching their caste neighbors. Bishop Azariah tells of the baptism in one REY, A. G. COWIE, of the S. P. village of 117 candidates, 100 of G. Mission at Rawalpindi, in the ',,;hom were caste people, and this is Punjab. relates this incident of an sImply an illustration of what is pvangelistic tour: "One dav when happening in many districts. we had halted for our midday meal, a Mohammedanzemindar (land- AGod at Work in the Punjab owner) ;ioined us and asked me the LoTfHtOh eU GUHn i t eMdisPs r eHsabzyetle rBi aenn nMiest t~ usual 'Who? What? Whence? Whither?' I told him that we had come from Rawalpindi to tell the sian in the northern part of India Good News that was written in our recognizes the difficulties of winning Sacred Book. 'Oh ! well,. tell me Moslems to Christ, she is full of hope some,' he said. 'Onr great Good News as she writes: "Tn the past few is that we have a Jl.laster who is alive.' months we have witnessed whole vil- 'Yes. he is alive; I admit that. But, lages wondering at the wonderful love Sahib, Goa is One, is he not? or is which prompted God to give His Son. he more than One? You say that We have seen a Mohammedan boy of there are three Goas. Father, Mother good family confess Jesus Christ and a.na Son. can that be?' 'Khan Sahib,' then go back home and witness for T replied. 'You asked me to tell you Him. We have heard his lovely onr Good News. You never men- mother tell with nride of the wav her tioned anything about having an ar- son preached Christ in his own village p:nment. Our Good News is thi~. that and we have heard her ask us, oh so earnestly. to teach her to uray. Does while Mohammea Sahib is dead. our anyone doubt the miracles of our Lord ,Tesus Christ is alive. and can Lo'rd in His own time on earth or in p:ive strength and life.' These last words were met with a pathetic an- our own? Let such an one come to a peal, that was also an unwittin!!" re- Punjab village and see God work in proof: 'Ah 1 this is Good News these days. We would not have you

think that the barriers are all down ners, pennants, and pictures o~ Dr. or that Mohammedan India is ready and Mrs. Clark. There were about to turn to Christ, or that even great forty speakers on the program. The numbers are ready to accept our Lord roll of the provinces was called, and and Saviour, but we would have you only· three or four out of the total know that we are living in a time number failed to respond. This was when God is working wonders in the because the China Inland Mission and hearts of men and in a time when other agencies were holding meetings, many in these villages are strangely and missionaries from some provinces tenderhearted and hungry." were attending these meetings. Re- ports from the provinces stated the India's OuteDates Transformed number of societies in each and de- scribed the conditions. Among the THAT "many of the caste people resolutions adopted is one that reads: in South India have recently become Christians through the influence The Christian Endeavor organization has of their Christian outcaste servants" proved itself acceptable, adaptable, ani! is stated by those familiar with the indispensable to misslon work in China. At situation. 'In a letter to the Press, this time, when most of the missionaries Bishop Whitehead, formerly of Mad- have been driven from their stations, the ras, draws the attention of British Christians keep up their Bible study with people to what the Christian churches the Christian Endeavor topic.books as have achieved in' India, during the guides. last half-century, among the "depressed" millions. He points out that New Chinese Clergymen whatever effective measures may have been undertaken by the Government MIDSUMMER cablegrams from in behalf of nati';e agricultural la- Bishop Logan H. Roots asked for borers and others, still more has been the return to Hankow of certain misachieved by those whose service is, sionaries now in the United States. first and foremost, designed to spread How the Chinese Church is growing, the Gospel of Christ. He says: in spite of the political situation, is shown in a letter from Bishop Roots, It needs to be borne in mini! that a thou· describing the ordination on Whitsand years of opllression and contemT't has sunday of a group of Chinese, in so degraded the lives of these peonle th"t it which he says: "I have naturally had needs some powerful moral and spiritnal a great deal of hesitation about going force to raise them out of their hopeless ahead with ordinations at this present despair and set them on the path of prog· time. But this class seems to be, all ress. Thev have found this so far in Chris- of them, such good material, and to tianity and in Christianity alone. Thousands be meeting the difficult situations in of them dmin! the last fifty years have such fine spirit, and furthermore the Iouni! a new life in the Gospel of Christ. Standing Committee of this diocese At the present day they are bein! admitted and all my counselors here seem to be into the Chnrch at the date of about three so unanimous in approving this step, thousand a week. that I could not doubt the wisdom of going ahead. I was especially satis- CHINA AND TIBET fied with the statement of Newton Liu, when we were in the midst of a Shangha.i Has a C. E. Convention crisis a few weeks before. He said he hoped he could be ordained even if T HE presence in Shanghai of many in the near future the mission had to missionaries who h a v e been be broken up and the foreigners go forced to leave thf'ir Rtations in the home, for in that case he would reinterior of China has been made the turn to his country home. till his occasion by Rev. Edgar E. Rtrother, fields, and preach the Gospel and adveneral secretary for Christian En- minister the sacraments while making nAavor in China, for a convention. his own living, after the example of The meeting was held in Union the Apostle PauL" Church. Shanghai. which was decorated with Christian Endeavor ban-

NEWS FROM MANY LckNDS

Vows Renewed After Many Years University and is 'now professor of philosophy in Yenching University, ONE of the Chinese pastors in the constitute the committee in charge. Presbyterian Mission in Shan- They are translating articles from tung Province reports that when he Chinese magazines in order to help was preaching in a certain village, the American public realize the "an old man seemed unusuallv thoughtful moderate Chinese point of friendly. He followed me about ail view and the reasons why people in day and in the afternoon insisted that China of patriotic character are in- I go with him to his home and have terested in the overthrow of conservtea. He seemed to have something in atism and selfish militarism and in his heart which he wanted to tell me, the progress of moderate constructive so I went along to his home. We develoDments in their own country. talked a long time, and finally he Cooperating with them are a number said: 'Pastor, you must not think of of former missionaries in China who me as just an ordinary non-Christian are now in the United States. country man. I am a church member.' 'How is that?' I said. 'I have Friends of Chinese Moslems been about here all these years and have never heard of a Christian in T HE Moslem Committee of the Nathis village.' Then he told me his tional Christian Council of China story. He,had been a Christian be- was dissolved last year. Those who fore the Boxer uprising, and during were interested in the evangelization the persecution he was not able to of the Moslems greatly desired to stand, so burned his Bible and pub- carryon the good work of the former licly renounced his religion, and had committee, and therefore formed the never shown any public interest since. "Society of the Friends of the Mos- He had learned the worthlessness of lems in China," of which Rev. C. L. heathen rites, and could not make Pickens is secretary. This society himself return to them, so for these held an important meeting in Shangtwenty-three years had made no pro- hai on May 10th, at which the subfession of religion of any sort. That jects most emphasized were the need day in the market the promises of his of adequate Christian literature for old faith were laid before him again, Mohammedans and the importance of and his heart was touched. He truly arousing interest among Chinese repented and is now 'hot-heartedly' Christians in the evangelization of preaching in his village." their Moslem neighbors. H. D. J. Harding, who has worked in Kansu A Christian Publicity Service Province, in which there are estimated to be 3,000,000 Moslems, and later in T HE North China Council of the Honan, particularly stressed the lack Kung Li Hui (the Congregational of knowledge of Moslem beliefs or Church) has established a translation practices on the part of the Chinese and publicity service which, it is evangelists. "The average Chinese hoped, will be of assistance in ex- preacher, " he said, "is more ignorant changing between American and Chi- and therefore more afraid of the Monese newspapers and magazines the hammedans than the average foreign attitudes of moderation and mutual missionary. " sympathy that are being expressed in both China and America. Wynne A Hunanese Pastor Murdered Fairfield, one of the few white graduates of a colored university (Howard, THE Board of Foreign Missions of in Washington), Miss Rosium, a Chi- the Reformed Church in the nese secretary, and Dr. Lucius Porter, United States has received word of who during his recent furlough in the murder of one of its leading Chi- America was acting head of the De- nese workers, Pastor Chen Djoupartment of Chinese in Columbia Tsing. While he was putting up a

poster calling for respect of mission poverty of the Korean will be appre- property, members of the Farmers' ciated when the cost of a new song Union (communistic and anti-Chris- book is considered. This is seventeen tian) fell upon him and stoned him sen, or eight and a half cents. It was to death. for lack of this sum, combined with a Pastor Chen was a graduate of the passion to sing the praises of God Hunan Theological School and had a with his fellows, that he spent over record for" great improvement" dur- two hundred hours copying the ing the seminary course. He was pos- !'longs. "

sessed of a stentorian voice, rugged eloquence, and an energetic person- Fruit After Many Yea.rs ality. His station was situated at the A LETTER recently received by a foot of "Big Cloud Mountain," and missionary in Japan has been was originally intended to reach the Rummarized as follows in 'l'he Presbymultitudes of pilgrims who annually teria.n Magazine: "When you begin visit the shrines on this sacred moun- to read this letter, please think back tain. He mingled freely with the twenty years ago, when you held mountain people as well as with these weekly meetings for railroad men at pilgrims, and a Christian community Imajo, near Fukui, and try to rememhad been organized under his leader- ber a boy of thirteen among the men. ship. In those meetings the seed of Christ's JAPAN-KOREA teaching fell into my heart, but it was like a fruit of the palm carried to the A Hand-Written Hynmal sea and long buft'eted about till it A BfTLLETIN published by South- reached land and sprouted and grew ern Presbyterian missionaries in into a tree. For twelve years my Korea contains tIle following story: faith put out shoots, till about seven "He was the father of a family of years ago-and I was not baptized three, and himself past his prime till last November. I am a member when he first heard the gospel story. of a little group of about forty, who There was no doubting the sinceiity now have a little church building and of his interest. An educated man, in February became self-supporting. but dissipated, he was without funds A few nights ago I was in one of the or property, and unable to earn meetings in this little Kobe church, more than a bare living for himself and as the hymn 'Sunshine in My and family by teaching a small Ko- Soul' was announced, my thought flew rean school. One of the essentials of back twenty years to the days when I a Korean service is singing. Every- first heard it and you taught it to one must sing-the song book takes the railroad hands at Imajo. I its place alongside the Bible, in fact learned of your present whereabouts, in many instances they are bound to- hence this letter."

gether when printed. This man had no song book, but his determination Apples Increase the Oftering D to sing the songs with the others when EXTER N. LUTZ, Presbyterian missionary in charge of the agrihe attended services, and in his family worship, led him to borrow a book cultural department of Union Chris- from the missionary, which was re- tian College, Pyengyang, Korea, is turned in thirty days. He then ex- doing work that is bearing fruit in hibited his own book, made entirely more senses than one. There has been by his hand, using a brush and a soft a big apple crop, and dozens of prom- blank paper. Fbr thirty days he had inent men are now making consider- labored through nearly the whole of ably more than formerly, thanks to every night, as he painstakingly wrote several hundred apple trees planted out each word of the more than 250 on the hill sides.

songs in the hymn book. The relative Rev. W. N. Blair, D.D., writes of

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having been present at one station library, as well as the first kinuer- when the annual offering was made to garten in Korea. He was secretary cover the budget. "The first man to the Agricultural Department in the who made a pledge came forward and late Korean Government and, in 1895, said, 'The Lord has prospered me this helped found the Independence Club year by giving me a big apple crop -a Korean political institution. In and as I have promised to give one this year he also became the editor of tenth to Him, I will have to increase the Korea Christian Advocate and my regular Sabbath offering from was co-editor of a secular daily paper.

thirty sen to fifty sen per Sunday.' ]<'rom 1902 to 1914 he was pastor of "The next man said 'I gave fifty the Chong-dong church, and in later sen a Sunday last year and this year years held various positions under the I will be able to give one yen per mission of the Methodist Episcopal Sunday.' And so it went, through Church. During his ministry he bapone of the happiest meetings of this tized nearly four thousand persons kind I have ever witnessed. This, too, and sent out ten young men into the in a year when most of the churches ministry to follow in his footsteps and are so weak financially that helpers carryon .his work.

and pastors are not being paid, and ISLANDS OF THE SEA the people generally are more dis- Schools in the Philippines couraged than I have ever seen them. " RI<JV. E. K. HIGDON, of the Dis- ciples' Mission, acting President of the Manila Union Theological "A Good Man Neyer Dies"

LION K. JUNG, Korean chief of Seminary, states that there are in the the X-Ray department of Sever- Philippine Islands 110 Protestant ance Union Medical College in Seoul, schools with an enrollment of 5,396, pays his own tribute to the late classified as follows: 26 kinder- Charles Morris whom, says The Chris- gartens with 6·00 pupils, 32 primary tian Advocate, many knew as "the ideal missionary, " and then eon- schools with 1,632 pupils, 22 intertinues: mediate schools with 1,065 pupils, 14 secondary schools with 1,722 students, A few days later an old man walked into 3 colleges with 241 students, 2 theomy office and inqnired for Morris Seunkyosa logical schools with 25 students, 5 (missionary). W'hen I told him of Mr. nurses' trainin~ schools with 180 stu- Morris's death, he said surprisedly, "Why dent nurses, and 6 Bible training -how can he dieV" And when I asked schools with 180 students. In addiwhat he meant, he replied, "Morris Seunk- tion to these schools, most of which are in session during the regular yosa told me a good man never dies." Then he related that once he was an inn-keeper by a roadside in the far north. And he school year, there are daily vacation confessed that he was a bad man, sold bad Bible schools for the summer months. Last year there were 146 of them liquor to travelers and stole money from with an enrollment of 6,131. During those who were staying at his inn. But once Morris Seunykosa came to his inn to stop over night and told the inn-keeper the the school year, week-day religious. inwonderful story of the Bible. The old man struction is carried on in many of changed his life and, ever since then, has the provincial capitals and hundreds been a good Christian. Then the old man of high school students take advanconcluded with tears in his eyes, "At least Morris Seunkyosa will never die in my tage of the opportunities offered. heart.' , The total enrollment in the regular A Korean Christian Veteran schools, vacation schools and week- day religious instruction classes is al- PSTOR CHOI PYENG HUN, most 15,000 persons. This does not whom Gerald Bonwick, writing in take into account 1,057 church schools the Korea Mission Field, calls "one which meet on Sundays only, and of the great men of his generation," have an enrollment of 80.156 children opened in 1894 the first free reference and adults. '

Work for Australian Aborigines "raw red savagery, cannibalism and skulls" change to " peace, liberty, T HE Aborigines' Friends Associa- safety, friendliness," writes of his tion has been at work in Australia field today: for over sixty years. Among the methods of work described in its We need more grace, more gifts, more latest annual report are homes and love, more heroism. The earlier missionshelters, ration depots., medical stores, aries dealt with primitive conditions and Christmas cheer, assistance in famine simpler problems; they got into closer periods, and the issuing of portions of touch with the people; their love, and zeal, the Scriptures in the native tongue. and sincerity were in those closer grips The Gospel of Luke in the Aranda more easily recognized. The man who in dialect has been a source of satisfac- the old days traveled· weary miles in a canoe tion to the Association and to the proved, by that act, his devotion in a way natives, but, says Ausiralia,n Chris- he could not do today, hurrying over the tian World, "it is in the educative same space in the comfort of a swift, features of the whole work that re- cabined launch. Similarly with the pioneer ligion is being made real. The loving who, on his knees, washed and dressed the devotion of the nurses at Point Pearce terrible ulcers-the love and spirit of servand Point McLeay, the ministrations ice were patent to all; today he has others of Mr. and Mrs. Kramer and their trained to do those services, he is multiplied native assistants ~ver vast areas of ten times, it may be a hundred times, and Central Australia, the affectionate may .spend his very life-blood in adminiscare and kindness to the native chil- trative detail; but he is removed from close dren here recorded indicate the direc- personal contact with the people, and it tion in which religion is made a takes a greater surge of love to stir the present persuasive power in the lives native heart as the pioneer did. So I say of the native peoples." that we want bigger men and better men to do the work today. News from the Solomon Islands NORTH AMERICA DR. NORTHCOTE DECK, F. R. G. S., who represents, the South Y. M. O. A. Industrial Conference Sea Evangelical Mission, an Australian undenominational society, says THE tenth annual session of the that, in looking back over nineteen Silver Bay Conference on human years of service in the Solomon Is- relations in industry was held from lands, the words that rise to his lips September 1st to 4th, under the ausare. "They shall abundantly utter pices of the Industrial Department of the memory of Thy great goodness." the Y. M. C. A. Among the speakers He continues: and leaders of discussion groups, were representatives from numer(')us com- But it is very difficult to give a fair esti- panies typical of the industry of the mate of the present state of the work in country. Subjects discussed included the Solomons, with its more than 200 en- " American Industry and the World, " tirely Christian villages, its hundreds of "The Scientific Approach to Induskeen, devoted, unpaid native teachers, and trial Relations," "Ideals for Medical its 8,000 converts…. The years of intense Service in Industry," "Improving labor at the Onepusu Bible School are now Industrial Relationships on the Railbearing abundant fruit, and in most of the roads," "Labor's View on Cooperaestablished villages there are reasonably tion, " "From Ellis Island to good teachers, able and keen to give spirit- American Citizenship," "New Reual teaching up to a growing standard_ And sponsibilities of Modern Business," the result seems always to be an increasing "Progress in Eliminating Human appetite for the things of God_ Wastes in Industry," "The Spiritual Dynamic." The Workers Papua Needs Today New England Pastors Confer REV. M_ K. GnJ~WUR, who in his twenty-five years of service in T HE tenth annual pastors' confer- Papua under the Methodist Mission- ence for clergymen of all denomiary Society of Australasia has seen nations in the Connecticut Valley, including western Massachusetts, was held under the auspices of the Pas-

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toral Union of Connecticut and the Recently someone there conceived the Hartford Seminary 'Foundation, Sep- idea that it might be a good thing tember 12th and 13th in Hartranft for these diverse groups to get ac~ Hall, the new recitation building of quainted with each other, and the the Hartford Theological Seminary. result was five "nationality nights." The leader was Rufus M. Jones, Pro- Two pageants were prepared and prefessor of Philosophy at Haverford sented, and Mexicans, Negroes, Fili- College, and well-known author, pinos, Japanese and Blue Triangle whose general theme was" The Deeper girls representing American-born Nature of Man and Man's Experience whites presented vocal and instruof God. " The conference was largely mental music, readings, pageants, and attended, and both the leader's contri- displays of handicrafts. The Japanbution and the discussion periods ese exhibit was especially artistic. On were interesting and challenging as a the Mexican night the principal adpreliminary to the fall work of the dress was given by Carlos V. Ariza; ministry. Mexican consul at Calexico. The musical and dramatic numbers of the New Negro Y. M. O. A. Buildings Negro program, with a local Negro school principal as chairman, were WITH four modern buildings in very effective. The" nationality course of erection, two building nights" were given in the Methodist, campaigns nearing completion, and Baptist and Christian churches and four more in· prospect, the service of a public school building. Although this department of the Y. M. C. A. sponsored by the Federated Mi£- is being greatly expanded. Corner- sionary Council, the large audiences stones for a $225,000 building at included many men and women out- Buffalo, N. Y., and a $175,000 build- side the Federation membership. ing at Atlantic City, N. J., were laid Groups of each race witnessed the; in .June. A building at Dayton, Ohio, programs given by others. to cost $195,000, and one at Montclair, N. J., to cost $150,000 are in Plans for Negro Ohurch Union. ', process of erection. All are expected to be ready in the fall or early winter. T W~ large Negro ~lfethodist church White citizens of Winston-Salem, N. bodIes are plannmg for organic C., have agreed to raise from $150,000 to $200,000 for the erection of a build- union. The African M. E. Church, ing on property purchased by the colored group, who raised $38,000 founded in 1794 in Philadelphia, and instead of the $25,000 which they had pledged. In the recent New York the A. M. E. Zion Church, established City building campaign the Negro citizens raised $86,000 of a $100,000 in 1796 in New York, propose to unite quota, which they expect to complete in due course. It is planned ulti- under the title of the "United Methmately to expend $750,000 in the expansion of property, equipment and odist Episcopal Church," which, it service for colored men and boys in New York City. will be noted, gives no indication of'

"Nationality Nights" a Success race. Meantime, The Christian Re- THE Imperial Valley of California corder, organ of the first of these two is unique in many respects. It is bodies, has proposed a federation ot one of the hottest places in the United States, it is below sea level, its soil all Negro churches, giving a plan in is amazingly productive, and it is inhabited by people of many races. considerable detail. W. L. Hutcherson, 5 of the Y. M. C. A. in Wichita, Kansas thinks that much finer race relation; would be secured if the Negto churches would enter heartily into the"

program of the Federal Council of"

Churches, which has provided them' with a secretary, Dr. George K Haynes. He writes: "

. I w.ould rath.er see. the Negro. Congrega- tlOnahsts exerCIse theIr prerogatives in too' Federal Council, by virtue of being' a eon~

stituent part of the great National Council they did not want to see us or have of Congregationalists, than by virtue of us read the Bible and pray. Some membership in some great super-organiza- time ago Mum-su-kanwuh, an old tion of Negro churches_ The same is true leader of the peyote religion, said, 'I of the Presbyterians, Episcopalians, the don't want to hear from your Book Methodists, etc. This is interraeial coop- or become a Christian because I might eration. get mean like the white people.' An- other one said to me, ' You're just a Negroes at a Chicago Mosque little boy yet, when you get old and wise I '11 listen to you.' Then there ' EV, JOHN VAN ESS, D_D_, of are some who say, 'I don't want to be R the Arabian ~Iission of the Re- a Christian, because all my loved ones are lost and I'd rather go to hell with formed Church in America, recently them tlian be in heaven alone!' On visited a mosque of the Ahmadiya sect the other hand are those that are in- of Islam in Chicago. He reports that terested, who appreciate our coming, it is housed in an ordinary two-story and send us on with words of enflat building, with nothing in outward couragement.' , appearance except that at the front edge of the room is a small green- J apane.se-American Christians painted dome, flanked by two slender and not very tall spires which typify REV. JOHN :111. YAMAZAKI minarets but could not function as writes from Los Angeles that the such. Twenty-nine people were pres- Japanese Christians in California, in- ent that S.unday morning, all of them stead of resenting the passage of the Negroes except two Indians. Dr. Van anti-Japanese laws, rather are in- Ess says that the speeches "were in clined to accept them as a challenge, fact quite crude and entirely lacked are sincerely trying to have their secthe subtleties which characterize con- ond generation become good Ameritroversy: of even an average mullah can citizens, and to prove by them in Arabia." When testimonies were that the Japanese are not such undeinvited, three Chicago Negroes em- sirable and unassimilable people. This phasized the racial grievance and Christian-Americanization work is beclaimed that Christianity is only a ing done very earnestly by various white man's religion. Dr. Van Ess denominations on the Pacific Coast. .continues: In Los Angeles alone there are eleven different churches at work in evangel- At the elose of the testimonies the collee- ization of the Japanese. The Presby- 'tion ,vas taken and the leader announced terian and Congregational Churches 'that prayers would be said, to be followed by have united in building a $100,000 'lee cream (shades of the prophet!). The church for the Japanese; the Meth- ('ompany adjonrned to the npstairs prayer· odists have a $45,000 building, the room whither I followed. The Indian leader Baptists a $40,000 building, the Chris- wearing a turban led the prayers, all facing tians one costing $70,000, the Re- east. Twelve Negro Int'n in two rows with formed Church a $30,000 building. uncovered heads, together with two small The Episcopal Church, while its e- boys, went through the genuflections, re- quipment is small, has the largest 'peating, after the leader, in Arabic the first Sunday-school. word appropriate to each genuflection. The women stood or sat in the back but took no Chinese Girls in California ~urtlter part. HELPING these girls to find suit- Excnses Given by So:me Indians able employment is one of the tasks of their Christian friends. Few ,VARIED experiences fall to the lot opportunities open to the Chinese girl of Robert P. Chaat, as he covers who has had no specialized training. More dangers and temptations beset the large field of the Comanche Mis- :sion in Oklahoma, of the Reformed Church in America. He writes: "Usually the people are willing to stop and listen, but sometimes find excuses for not hearing the Word of life. '~ome have even told us frankly that

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her way than that of her Occidental porters at home. Workers have been sister. Notwithstanding these handi- thrown into jail, their literature caps, the average girl who steps from burned, and their lives saved only by the sheltering mission home into the miracle. W. C. Townsend writes: outside world of industry succeeds in "Now where mobs formerly gathered making for herself a place and in to kill, sympathetic crowds listen hunkeeping untarnished her good name. grily to the Word of Life. Threaten- The American-born Chinese girl of ing frowns have turned to friendly normal family and surroundings, smiles. The workers are sought out given the same amount of education for explanations from the 'Wonderful and technical training, will easily Book.' When two students from the compete with her Western sister. In Bible Institute returned recently San Francisco a fine high school, pri- from a week-end visit to Nahaula, vately endowed for the training of their eyes beamed with joy, although girls in domestic arts, objected to ad- their faces at once wore a rather puzmitting Chinese girls because their zled expression. They had gone to highly developed technical skill would this town expecting the usual persebring them into too marked competi- cution, but instead had been received tion with the American girl. in a kindly fashion by almost every- one. Then we remembered that LATIN AMERICA 'prayer changes things.' This is the A Ni"81'agua~ Convert's Conrage beginning of great things. All Guate- mala will notice when the Gospel re- DON JUAN FLETES, of Granada, ceives a large entrance into Nahuala Nicaragua, professed his faith in and Ixtahuacan." Christ in February, 1926. A missionary writes of him: "He has been EfFective Work in Porto Rico most liberal in his offerings. Nor has he failed in his testimony as a con- T HE evangelical work in Porto verted man. A short while ago the Rico is carried on by some 300 pasmanager of the freight office here got tors, missionaries and workers, who into a discussion with don Juan, try- represent seven denominations, 200 ing to offend or insult him. He was organized churches, 332 other preachfinally led to confess that don Juan, ing places, 383 Bible schools, and though having been so short a while 138 young people's societies. These in the despised 'religion,' knew a churches have over 13,000 members great deal about it. The man was in good standing. The Bible schools hound to test the believer and finally have over 26,000 members. The told him that his religion demanded church properties, including hos- Qf him to bear all things, 'But,' he pitals, orphanages, schools and day said, 'you know that you would not schools, are valued at $1,834,535. The give me your whip and allow me to fine spirit of cooperation among these thrash you.' The answer of don Juan workers, expressed in the Evangelical was to hand the man the whip and Union, the Union Theological Semiturn his back, ready to receive the nary, and a united board of publicawhipping. But as he did so he was tion, has been emphasized in the REled to say, 'In the name of Jesus VIEW. Mrs. E. M. Irvine-Riviera Christ I receive this punishment,' writes of specific denominations that and the man did not have the courage the Baptists have taken the lead in to use the whip." having self-supporting churches, that the Presbyterian Church has distin- Prayer Answered in Guatemala guished itself in educational and health work, and the per capita giving NAHUALA and Ixtahaucan are of its adherents, and that the Congre- two very primitive Indian towns gationalists "are doing a big work for which workers in the Central from both the health and the educa- American Mission have often asked tional standpoint." for special prayer from their sup-

Church Self-Support in ,Colombia "Wild" and "Tame" Indians T HE Colombia Mission of the Pres- AT THE annual meeting in London byterian Church in the U. S. A. f t of the Heart of Amazonia Misreports that in the schools there has been a general increase in enrollment sion (World Evangelization Crusade), and self-support. There was raised Rev. Gilbert Barclay pointed out that on the field for all purposes during up to the present their workers had the past year about $80,000 (American been engaged in seeking to evangelize gold), which sum is over $23,000 more either the "tame" Indians, or secthan the amount appropriated by the tions of "wild" tribes that had been Board to the Colombia Mission for "pacified." They knew a little of the all purposes, including missionaries' dangers and trials and sufferings that salaries. A missionary writes as fol- had been gone through in relation to lows of one of the methods by which this devoted service, but there yet rethese results have been obtained: mains the larger and more insistent and tremendous problem of getting at A number of church members in Medellin the "ferocious" Indians-those who are tithers. The pastor (a Colombian) be· shoot the white man at sight. No man came enthusiastic, informed himself thor. dare approach these "wild" Indians oughly and then gave a series of sermons except the agents of the Indian Proon the subject. A tithers' league was tection Service, organized under the formed in the church, and this organization auspices and the authority of the undertook to continue the work. This Brazilian Government-men whose campaign has· had to contend against a very courage and resourcefulness are deep·seated misconception and hatred for the marvellous. This is a problem similar system which has been caused by the to that faced by John Williams, practice of the Roman Catholic Church here, Bishop Patteson and Barbrooke in the past, of collecting the tithe from the Grubb. people almost by force. EUROPE An Ex-Monk Accepts Christ Church of England Prayer Book REV. c. A. PATTON, who repre- sents the Evangelical Union of T HE recent statement by a news- South America in Cuzco, Peru, had paper that the Revised Prayer an unexpected visitor one morning in Book has been "the summer's best a Roman Catholic priest, who intro- seller" is one way of expressing theduced himself by saying: "I want to great interest that has been taken in become a Protestant, and would like this subject by Englishmen both withto come and live with you." This in and without the Church of Engman, who since his baptism has been land. The Church Assembly has known as Senor Montano, is a Bo- voted to accept the book, and Parlialivian with some Italian ancestry. In ment is expected to vote on it at its 1920 he entered the Dominican mon- autumn session. Evangelical Chrisastery in Lima, Peru, being then tendom states: seventeen years of age, and spent six years there. His refusal to accept all The emphasis of the controversial partEr the interpretations of his professors of the book is placed on a sacramental view and his occasional discussions of dif- of the Lord's Supper which was rejected by ferent points called forth the warning the Reformers and was never held by any that he must not continue in such but a very few members of the Church of ideas for they would certainly lead England,UJitil the rise -of the Tractarianhim into heresy. He secretly obtained movement. The Anglo·Catholic leaders who and read some evangelical literature support the book declare that it gives them and finally escaped from the monas- all that they have been fighting for during tery. His family has cast him off, the last forty years. I1-nd Mr. Patton has great hopes of his future usefulness as an evangel- Bishop Knox, an Evangelical, wrote ical worker. to the London Times: If the Deposited· Book is accepted by Parliament we shall have to ask ourselves

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whether we, holding this view, can continue available for those who do not· know membership or ministry in the Church of IJondon, and the promoters are people England. As citizens we shall have to con- who can secure for the guests privi- leges not ordinarily available to sider whether a Church that rests on a tourists. The house is intended for foundation of error should be the National short-period guests in the summer, but will offer accommodation at other Church. seasons to residents from other coun- tries. Detailed information may be On the othe r hand, LquoordtedWboylmThe~r obtained by addressing International supporting the book, is Guest House Secretary, 19 Sydenham Hill, London, S.E. 26". Living Ch1tTCh as saying that, since Churches in Czecho-Slovakia the book has been approved by both T HE. Evangelical Church of Bothe Church Assembly and diocesan hemIan (Czech) Brethren is a union of the Reformed and Lutheran conferences, its rejection by Parlia- Churches which took place after the war. It numbers more than 250,000 ment would lead to the disestablish- adherents and is the remnant of the old Hussite Churches. The congregament of the Church of England. tions, with the exception of one, are found in Bohemia, Moravia and Sil- Two English Churches Unite esia. Besides the Czech Brethren there are in Czecho-Slovakia other ON JUNE 15th a union was con- Protestant denominations: the Con- summated between the Reformed gregationalists, (called now the Unity Episcopal Church and the Free of Czech Brethren), the Biblists, the Church of England. In this union Moravians, and the Methodists, all of the prayers and hopes of many years them founded by special missions were realized. The Free Church of from abroad. They number alto- England was organized in 1845 to gether about 25,000 adherents. All meet the needs of Protestant Evan- these churches are of the Czech nagelical Churchmen. The Reformed tionality. Then there is a German Episcopal Church was established in Lutheran Church (in Silesia) num- England in 1846 as a result of and bering 40,000 adherents. In Slovakia in opposition to the Tractarian Move- and Ruthenia there are the Lutheran ment. The Churches had the same Church, with 370,000 adherents, Tlreform of worship, the same purpose, vailing of Czech-Slovak nationality, and held the same doctrines. An ef- and the R,eformed Church, with 210,- fort was made in 1876 to unite them, 000 adherents, prevailing of Magyar but it was so decisively defeated that nationality. the matter was dropped for many years. The union just brought about Christian Endeavor in Spain was by the unanimous vote of every congregation in both bodies. The title ALTHOUGH the population of of the new Church will be The Free Spain is overwhelmingly Roman Church of England, otherwise called Catholic, and Protestant work is car- The Reformed Episcopal Church in ried on under severe restrictions, the the United Kingdom of Great Britain Christian Endeavor movement is and Ireland. making progress. Mr. Jose Capo, secretary of the Spanish Christian An English International House Endeavor Union, writes that there are about forty societies in the country, AGROUP of leaders representing with a membership of 1,500. He says: various organizations interested "As you probably know, the evanin international fellowship have established, in a pleasant suburb of London within twenty minutes of Westminster, an International Guest House where visitors from all lands will find a welcome. The house stands in several acres of woodlands on high land near the Crystal Palace, making an agreeable retreat after days of sight-seeing in town. Advice will be

gelical Christians here are going These schools have rendered great through trying times. The difficulties services to our country. From them to be overcome by those who wish to came our first statesmen and public testify to the Gospel of Christ have servants. Many mothers in Bulgaria increased owing to restrictions put on have come from them. Throughout religious liberty; but we do not de- their existence they have exercised a spair, for God has not forsaken us. strong moral influence on our national The young people have been En- life. In the development of tolerance, deavorers up to now, but I can confi- honesty, industry, steadfastness, and dently state that they are something of learning we owe much to these more: they understand their respec- schools, which have cultivated the tive churches. Not one group has said Anglo-Saxon virtues in our Bulhauled down the flag; on the con- garian soul." trary, it is worthy of note that from time to time we receive letters asking Soviet Union Census us to form new societies." The Christian Endeavor Union publishes a A CABLE from Moscow, August paper entitled La Hoja del Esforza- . 10th, gives the total population dor. It is at present a quarterly, but of the Soviet Union in round numbers it has proved so helpful that the as 146,200,000, according to a re- Union may publish it monthly in en- port submitted the Council of Peolarged form. pIe's Commissaries by the Central Statistical Department. Russia proper Gel'Dlan Celibate Women Clergy (the R. S. F. S. R.) contains 100,- 500,000 people, Ukraine 28,900,000, AWIR,ELESS message from Ber- White Russia 4,900,000, Caucasus 5,- lin, May 9th, to the New York 800,000, Uzbekistan 5,100,000 and Times reported the decision of the Turkestan 1,000,000. General Synod, according to which women may now enter the clergy in Russian Atheist Admits Defeat the Evangelical Church as long as they remain celibates. The training T HE fact that there has been for the clergy is the same for both enough religious activity in Russia sexes: The women will be assigned as recently to cause anxiety among the teachers to girls' homes and hospitals, members of "the Anti-God Society" homes for the aged and at prisons, was reported in the August REVIEW. and will conduct religious services for Light is thrown on the situation from children and instruct girls' Bible a different angle in a lecture delivered classes. Women clergy will not be by "the Commissioner for Atheism," allowed to perform marriage cere- Jaroslawsky·Gubelman, from which monies, conduct funeral services, bap- the following is quoted: tize, preach or administer sacrament. Their salary will amount to about The fight against religion is becoming three fourths that of male preachers. endless, obstinate, and very ungrateful. According to the statutes of the Communis- American Schools in Bulgaria tic Party, every member has to carryon atheistic propaganda. But no one does it. T HE following tribute has recently Many are eager atheists only in words; been paid to American mission but in their homes one can see a lot of schools by the Church Newspaper, an icons. Women are espeeially very obstinate official organ of the Holy Synod of in their resistance to a healthy atheism. Bulgaria: "These institutions, which have existed for more than half a cen- The churches are renewed, and the clergy tury, came with the American evan- is busy getting means for gilding the domes. gelical missions, and were founded in We cannot ignore the elevation and growing the name of pure Christian morality. strength of our enemy ……. The greatest danger lies in the propagation of the sects. This renewed ' , purified" religion is the most dangerous one. But we have found it impossible to fight the sectarians.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

AFRICA took his stand in front of the AzhaJ! University (the intellectual center of Hospital Overcomes Hostilit.,- Islam) and handed the bills to the sheikhs as they went in and came out.' THE hospital conducted by the At the first meeting, out of an audi- Egypt General Mission at Shebin- ence of ninety persons, sixty were el-Kanater is a center of Christian in- sheikhs. fluence in many near-by villages. H. Frank Rose, M.D., writes of one such African Funeral Transformed village, where three of the Mission's Egyptian evangelists were bitterly A GONTRIBlTTION from an unopposed, on their first visit, by a usual source carne recently to group of Moslem sheikhs. He says: Rev. G. C. Beanland, of Yaounde, "We have visited that village fonr West Africa. One of the evangelists. times, and each time have been greatly encouraged by the responsive hearings a. of the mission is in a town where "the' granted. Further, it is my custom, when interviewing patients who are mother of the headman has been discharged, to mark an asterisk in my member of the Christian Church. She visiting book opDosite the names of died and when they went to bury her'; those who have shown special intelli- according to Bulu custom they mled gence and interest in the message. the grave with cloths, head dresses; These names are arranged according and other articles that the spirit to town or village. My records show might have use for in the spirit world: that the three patients in the hospital The evangelist, a man of strong conc most promising, from the evangelistic victions, went to the headman arid point of view, in the last few weeks told him it was not the custom that came from the very village where we Christians should follow, and that if met such opposition only a few he had gifts to give to the dead, h6 months ago." should give them in money that could be used for carrying on God '8 work; Christian Lectures for Moslems and not be buried with the body_ The headman so respected his dead I N JANUARY, 1925, missionaries of mother, as well as the Christian evan-' the Church Missionary Society in gelist, that he took all the things out Cairo began discussion meetings with of the grave, gave his mother a Chris- Moslem students. The missionaries' tian burial, had hy:rims sung and home where the meetings were held prayers offered, and then gave thebecame known as "The House of Free evangelist seventy francs that he- Speech. " Two meetings each week might send to the white missionary to< have been held since then to consider be nsed in carrying on God's work.' > not only religious and devotional themes, but questions of moral and Plans for Liberia's Progress social conduct. Encouraged by what had already been accomplished, the A~ EDUCATIONAL conference on missionaries resolved in October last ft Liberia was held this spring at to launch out upon a more venture- Hampton Institute, Virginia, under some scheme. Twelve special speakers the direction of James L. Sibley, who were invited to deliver a lecture in a is described as "educational adviser" ser'es of twelve fortnightly meetings, to American boards which have misdealing with the fundamentals of the sions in Africa." Missionaries at Christian faith. The faculty of the horne on furlough from the Lutheran, American University in Cairo placed Methodist and Episcopal Churches their Assembly Hall at the disposal were in attendance. In addition 'to of the missionaries, and for each meet- the Liberian workers there were ing 2,000 handbills were printed and others from Angola and the Cam~ distributed in the main student cen- eroun. One who was present thus ters. One Egyptian co-worker boldly summarizes some of the results achieved: "First, a curriculum was

worked out for the schools-four new minerals, the population both of years primary, four years interme- Europeans and' of natives, concendiate, and four secondary. It was trated in the towns and mining camps mutually agreed that all this work of this mineral field, is steadily inshould be as simple as possible, creasing. . . . Sixteen leaders hold adapted to the native child's environ- their classes on Tuesday night in vament, and using native arts and ma- rious places in the native town, in the terials wherever possible. Handiwork various industrial concerns, and in was stressed as important. The sec- other outlying localities. In addition, ond result was a series of readers for there are other active workers among the primary grades and the third a the laity, both men and women, who definite program of work with women are constantly bringing in new people and girls of the native village, which to be enrolled as 'hearers '. The ofaims at personal evangelization plus ficiary of the church is well organized. better home and health conditions." Twelve stewards, as a group, take the responsibility, under the leadership O·New Burial Place for Mackay of the missionary, in passing on the NE of the great names on the roll individual merits of candidates for of missionaries to Africa is that advancement from 'hearers' to 'cat- 'Of Alexander Mackay, Scottish engi- echumens', and then from that class neer. It was on June 30, 1877 that to be baptized and received into full Shergold Smith and C. T. Wilson, membership. " :after a perilous journey from the coast, reached the court of King GENERAL Mtesa, of Uganda, whence two years previously Sir H. M. Stanley had Three C. E. World Commissions sent his urgent letter to London asking that missionaries should be sent AT THE recent International Chrisout. Mackay had tried to get into the tian Endeavor Convention in country by the southern route, and Cleveland, Ohio, three commissions he did not join C. T. Wilson, whom with a world outlook were appointed. Smith's death had left utterly alone The first, consisting of members apin the country, until November, 18;78. pointed by all National and Inter- The bones of Mackay now rest in the national Christian Endeavor Unions cemetery under the shadow of the together with other youth movements, great cathedral which has been erected will meet at the call of the World's on one of the hills of Kampala, the Christian Endeavor Union to concapital of Uganda, their removal from sider ways and means for making Usambiro, at the south end of Vic- effective a world-wide youth crutoria Nyanza, being one of the most sade for peace. The General Secrestirring incidents in the week of jub- tary of the International Society of ilee celebrations. Forced to leave Christian Endeavor is executive sec- Uganda, the gallant missionary took retary of this commission. The secrefuge at Usambiro, and with his ond. consisting of members appointed faithful "boys" .around him estab- by the International Society of Chrislished there a new center of Christian tian Endeavor, the young people's delife and light. partments of all the churches, the World's Sunday School Association, African Chureh Officers the International Council of Religious Education, the Young Men's and the REV. .T. M. SPRINGER writes of Young Women's Christian Associa- the Methodist Mission in the tions, will meet to consider youth Belgian Congo: "The importance of evangelism. The Secretary of Chrisour Katanga field increases yearly. tian Vocations of the International With the enlargement of the indus- Society of Christian Endeavor is ext1)ial activities and the discovery .of ecutive secretary. The third commis. sion, consisting of representatives of

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

all young people's groups, will meet state, national and international-was to further the cause of prohibition considered, and the social, economic, and law observance, and has as its political, moral and religious phases executive secretary the Extension Sec- of the question were discussed in a retary of the International Society of, series of group conferences. The ne- Christian Endeavor. cessity of scientific temperance educa- tion was stressed. A Young People's World League Against Alcoholism Rally was held under the auspices of the Intercollegiate Prohibition Asso- AN INTERNATIONAL meeting of ciation. There were also special meet- this organization was held at ings for Sunday-school workers and Winona Lake, Ind., from August 17th teachers. Among the delegates were to 23d-the first such gathering since representatives from practically all its convention in Toronto, in 1922. the organized temperance forces of The World League which was organized in 1919, by the representatives of the United States and Canada, and fourteen national temperance bodies, from most of the other countries of from eleven different countries, now comprises fifty-six national temper- the world. One delegate, whose arance organizations, from thirty-three rival in New York received considerdifferent countries. Every aspect of able attention from the newspapers, the beverage liquor problem-local, was Mme. Safie Hussein Bey, a Turk- ish feminist, who represented The Green Crescent Temperance Society.

Answers to Questions On Moslem Lands (SEE PAGE 770) 1. About 240,000,000. 2. Arabia and Afghanistan. 3. Japan, Korea and Tibet. 4. India, with over 70,000,000 Moslems. 5. South America. 6. Africa. 7. The battle of Tours, 732 A. D. 8. "There is no God but God; and Mohammed is the prophet of God." 9. 'Five times a day; at dawn, high noon, two hours before sunset, at sunset, two hours after sunset. 10. The Koran; it is not quite as long as the New Testament. 11. Mecca in Arabia where Mohammed was born, and Medina where he is buried. 12. Raymund Lull. 13. Henry Martyn. 14. The translation was begun by Doctor Eli Smith; after his death it was completed by Doctor Cornelius Van Dyck. 15. Ion Keith Falconer, the" Martyr of Aden." 16. Samuel M. Zwemer and James Cantine. First station opened in 1891. ]7. The Rt. Rev. Thomas Valpy French, Bishop of Lahore.

18. William Whiting Borden. 19. The Rev. Moulvi Imad-ud-din, D.D., a remarkable preacher and an eminent writer of Christian truth., 2.0. Kamil El Aietany who took the name Kami! Abdul Messiah (Kamil, Servant of Christ) at his baptism.

MISSJ[ONAmr LmRARY4 ~

' 0 . 0 ii'Uli ·bUG ~ ii'UU' LAAi "biKi· GVO Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.- THE REVIEW.

Mother India. Katherine Mayo. xiv. dominant religious sanctions. The 440 pp. $3.75. New York. °1927. result of these observations, carried on This book goes far to justify the through a brief period over a wide claim made by its publishers, that it area and among all classes of people, is unlike any other book on India that is an appalling book which reaches has been presented to the American the conviction that the whole pyramid reader, certainly in recent years. It of the Indian's woes, material and is a book that needed to be written and spiritual, rests upon a physical base.

is therefore timely, not only as it con- In the course of her investigation Miss tributes much to a balanced judgment Mayo studied conditions in rich homes in regard to an important and historic and in poor; in cities, villages, hos- people, but is a distinct corrective to pitals and temples. She held personal statements made with much positive- interviews with government officials, ness and exaggeration in recent years high and low, Indian and British; and to opinions formed upon the basis with doctors, educators, priests, of a desire to exercise a broad toler- Swarajists. She quotes copiously from ance toward a great people. Miss publications, both official and unof- Mayo went to India in 1£Q5, "unsub- ticial. She makes no unsupported sidized, uncommitted and unat- statement, neither does she handle her tached, " for the express purpose of investigations gently. Her treatment observing the common things in daily of the Indian '8 attitude toward WOffi- human life in India. While she at- en; toward the untouchables; to- tempted to leave untouched the realms ward elementary principles of of religion, of politics and of the arts, sanitation, brings out startlingly the and to contine her enquiry to public wide gulf existing between the In- health and its contributing factors, it dian's intellectual acceptance of is impossible to avoid drawing infer- Western ideals and his translation ences in regard to religious. and po- of them into action. The author goes.

litical conditions in India since the even further in her concentration on social customs of the people are so the sanitary problem as it actually closely related more especially to their exists, and she drives home with in- religious life. The introductory chap- escapable force the fact and the reality ter of the book is a very effective that the Indian is not only his own missionary document, although it is worst enemy, but that the temper and not intended to be such. Miss Mayo calibre of his mind and his outlook on deals primarily and faithfully with life are making him increasingly an social factors of the inner life of the international concern, both social and 300,000,000 who make up the con- physical. The most impressive chap- glomerate of races and creeds which ters in the book deal with Spiritual we call India. If the reader Is Mentality, The Wages of Sin, Why Is startled, the fact that the book is Light Denied? The Quality of Mercy, thoroughly authentic, and that its dis- The Home of Stark Want, The Holy closures are substantiated by author- City. There are also very illuminat- ities, will go far toward giving him ing chapters upon Gandhi, The Re- a new and a correct attitude in regard forms and Psychological Glimpses to prevailing conditions of life and of through the Economic Lens.

794 The author has greatly strengthened ization of the characters and examples her book by numerous illustrations, in brief sentences; then follows a not selected from available supplies in translation, and illuminating notes India, but taken everyone by members explanatory of words and sometimes of her party and directly illustrative of, characters. In another section are of her text; also by appendices of valuable grammatical notes explain- real value and an index which makes ing the use of particles in Wen Li immediately available desirable refer- style, the bane of the Classical Lan- ences. guage to most students. In the tales With other reviewers, we await the and folklore selections one discovers reaction of sound Indian opinion with the Chinese way of thinking. Other great interest. Indeed, this reaction sections contain documentary papers, is already being expressed in an ef- examples of newspaper articles, and fort on the part of ill-advised Indians fourteen samples of family letters to preveut the entry aud distribution which serve as illustrations of episto- of this book in India. This ought lary writing. The indexes of Chinese not to be, and probably will not be, particles and of characters which con- the more reasoned attitude of Indians clude the volume are defective in that who are sincerely interested in the the full index refers only to lessons vital welfare and progress of their and subsections, instead of to the Mother-land. w. 1. C. pages, causing a great loss of time.

Despite this defect, the book is so Introduction to Literary Chinese. J. much more intelligible than most sim- Brandt. 503 pp. Peking: North China ilar studies that missionaries will find Union Language School. (For sale also at the Y. M. C. A., 20 Museum Road, it of great value. H. P. B.

ShanghaL). 1927. Certain Samaritans. Esther Poh} Lovejoy.

This authoritative volume is of m. Maps. 302 pp. $3.50. New York.

little value for the average reader, as 1927.

half of its space is occupied by Chinese "It couldn't be done-so they did characters. A review of it appears it !" Over and over again the Amer- here because there are now in America ican 'Women's Hospitals proved equal hundreds of Chinese missionaries, and more than equal to the emer- driven out temporarily from China. gencies.

Most of these missionaries expect to The thrilling achievements of this return to their work as soon as con- organization in Europe and the Near ditions in China make it possible. East provides the material for a book These exiles may use the period of of tremendous interest. During these their absence from the field by study- years it worked in various areas in co- ing the Classical language in this l:iperation with the American Board volume. The author has been for (Congregational), the American twenty-three years advisor to the Wai Friends Service Commission, the Chiao Pu and head of the school which American Red Cross, and the Near that Board conducted for training East Relief.

students for consular and commercial The ministry of the A. W. H. was work. For the last two years Pro- to all-men, women and children of fessor Brandt has also been teaching any nationality. The situations which in the Missionary Language School, these women met were beyond imagi- which accounts for this highly credit- nation. They fought epidemics of able volume, one of the by-products typhus, of malaria, of influenza, of of this most advanced language school small-pox, often without adequate in the Republic. supplies and a lack of trained helpers, The first ten of the forty lessons amid conditions of famine, dirt, lack give the Wen Li text of the study, of shelter, terrible crowding, and the with a Mandarin translation; then a added psychological difficulties caused full vocabulary with Wade's roman- by the ignorance, rear, bereavement and sh()ck of those they aided. We author of a number of volumes, tire- follow Dr. Lovejoy through war- less student of European religious stricken France, Crete, Greece, conditions on many trips abroad, is Turkey, Macedonia and even into notably qualified to interpret to the Russia with the greatest interest. American mind a type of Protestant With horror we see the suffering of life as yet too little understood or the deported population from the appreciated in this country.

Black Sea ports, people without a The volume by these coauthors, country, on boats with no place to without being ponderous, is encyclo- land, finally dumped on a barren predic in its scope, subjects of the island, to die-save for the A. W. H. chapters ranging from the historic We rejoice when funds become avail- roots of continental Protestantism to able and enjoy the humor of the the changing theological front or the doctor's frantic and unavailing effort latest tendencies in the youth move- to reach the Ma,uretania. with "five ments. The different bodies making hundred unprotected millionaires" up the composite of European Protes- on board. tantism are' treated with a nne ap- We feel, as we read this book, a preciation of their qualities; and great joy and pride in the executive their tasks and problems are sympa- ability, the medical and surgical skill thetically discussed.

and the utterly self-effacing spirit Under the tremendous trial which of service of these women physicians came to almost all the European of the American Women's Hospitals. churches with the economic distress M. A. L. following the war, most· Roman Protestant Europe: Its Crisis and Outlook. Catholic institutions, owing to the Adolf Keller and George Stewart. 385 pp. $3.50. New York. 1927. organization and unity of conscious- ness of that branch of the Church, This is a book for the new age. The were finely sustained in their work, Protestantism it presents is profoundly modified by the forces operating while too many Protestant institutions throughout Europe in the post-war declined and collapsed because no one period. The readers to whom it will seemed to know or care. The defect especially appeal are the great com- of our dissociated and individualistic pany whose vision has been widened, whose sympathies have been broadened Protestantism there revealed will be by the events since 1914. While deal- remedied in a measure by the fuller ing admirably with the historical knowledge and understanding and apbases of the different Protestant preciation which such books as. this are groups of Europe, the regard of the book is forward. bound to foster. One is impressed by the witness to the unquenchable energy of spiritual forces. From the midst of our materially-secure Christian institu- Of the competence of our guides in tions we look across the ocean to see this study of an unfamiliar field we our kindred in the faith, not in the may be well assured: Dr. Keller, a past only, but in the present as well, native of Switzerland, a scholar victorious over tribulation and hard- honored by degrees from universities ship of which we know nothing. Once of Europe and America, pastor for a more the ancient symbol of the Prot- time of one of the outstanding Swiss estant faith is justified-the planting churches, an adminis.trator brought of the Lord that burns but is not con- into friendly contact with every sumed.

Protestant group in Eur()pe, is proba- One is aware further in reading bly without equal in his knowledge of this volume of an expansion of European Protestantism as it is. Dr. sympathy. Beyond parochial and Stewart, a graduate of Yale, one of national church interest we are the pastors of the Madison Avenue brought into touch with sister com- Presbyterian Church of New York, munions, representing a diverse religious .culture of great value and After 48 years of service he resigned in 1920 and returned to Scotland influence, and avenues of understand- where he died in 1£126. He left be- hind him as his monument, not only ing and cooperation are opened which the buildings of the mission and the converts, but the wonderful goodwill constitute an opportunity and a chal- of the people and the seed sown for miles around. That could only be lenge. o. w. G. the result of an utter giving of self in life-long sacrifice. A life like this Shepherd of Udaipur and the Land He is a grain of wheat sunk into the Loved. Geo'rge Carstairs. 306 pp. 16 ground and its fruitage is a hundred- very clear and satisfactory illustrations fold. nom photos. $2.25. New York. 1926. The only defect of the book is that This is a readable and inspiring the mind of the reader is not ready sketch of the life and labors of Rev. for chapter two when it is inserted .James Shepherd, M.D. and D.D. and with its intricate description of the K.I.H.M., who gave his life to the traditions and people of Udaipur. city and surrounding country of The insertion at this point blocks the Udaipur, in Rajputana, India. It is reader's way towards his developing not a great book, partly because the interest in Dr. Shepherd.-F. L. author had but· meagre materials at his disposal (little else than the 1,000 City Churches. H. Paul Douglass. matter-of-fact diary of Dr. Shepherd) 380 pages. 71 tables. 59 charts and but a great life is pictured for us in graphs. 58 appendix tables. $4.00. New a way that leads the reader to admire York. 1926. and love the hero. One is stirred deeply by that life, moulded by This seems to us to be one of the blessed influences of the Spirit in most valuable religious publication of Aberdeen, Scotland, and then trans- the year although not likely to get the planted into the midst of Hinduism public eye. It is the product of a to spread the power of Christian truth scientific study by the case method and love. One's heart is moved by of 1,004 carefully selected city his unselfish devoti{)n to the people churches to discover types, tendencies, year after year and by his heroism underlying principles, cost and efin heat and in epidemics of cholera. fectiveness of types, It throws a flood No wonder he was awarded the of light on the actual operation of Kaiser-i-Hind medal of the first class. Protestant churches in cities–some- thing badly needed for years. The Dr. Shepherd was a rare combina- case studies are so numerous and intion of ordained pastor and medical tensive that there can be no question missionary. After :five years of in- but that the actual story is told. troductory work in other places in Protestant churches have developed Rajputana he took up his residence hitherto on no clearly thought out in Udaipur and extended his in- principles, and therefore with enorfluence, built and maintained his mous wastage. It is possible now to hospital, which the Maharaja named measure a church effectively and to "The Shepherd Mission HospitaL" guide its program more intelligently. We marvel at the amount of work this missionary accomplished–dis- The initial surveys made by the pensary and surgical, preaching and Interchurch World Movement have teaching, and traveling on evan- been partly salvaged and of the ],004 gelistic tours far and wide. He took churches studied, 327 were taken from a special interest in the Bhils, the the Interchurch files. savages of the neighboring mountains, and started a church among T1].is volume should be of great them which developed in a wonderful value to ministers, professors and way after his death. Dr. George students in theological seminaries, de- Adam Smith said that he was the nominational administrators, and in ll].ost remarkable man and the most devoted worker he had seen India. thoughtful laymen who want to see of neighborhood service and enlarged the money well spent which they are putting into local churches. The book budgets. These are the growing, is a great condensation of factual material, and therefore requires close winning churches. Interestingly their study, but when its technique and the structure of its charts have been per capita benevolences increase with mastered in the first seventy-five pages, it is delightful reading. the broadening of the program. Just The various types of city churches where the denominations stand in rewere determined by a comprehensive listing of activities or forms of service, gard to these types is interesting and which were found to total thirty-three, and a grouping of these 1,004 sobering reading. Those which have churches, according to number of activities, and range of activities. been adventurous and least shackled 'l'his method revealed five types: The Slightly Adapted, Unadapted, In- by custom have been most successful. ternally Adapted, Socially Adapted and Widely Variant. The well developed churches hold The dominating hypothesis that the the young people, and their Sunday eity church' is an evolved rural church is abundantly proved. The study then Schools are strong with young people takes up the response and adjustment of a church, which has its historic and adults. The Socially Adapted roots in the country, to the overwhelming forces and needs of urban Church is successful in all kinds of life. neighborhoods. This is the church Striking facts emerge. The largest which is alive to the community, group of city churches, (numbering 253 out of 1,004) is the little one which has a wide program, and a pastor church with from one to two hundred members, an average of four salaried staff. activities and a budget around $3,- 000.00. Next there is a larger number, "What is most successful is a warm- (360) of "slightly adapted" churches, having two or three more activities hearted, self-confident, opportunistic but still essentially a rural church. A majority of all city churches are as church." w. M. T. yet practically unadjusted to city life. They are as a whole relatively inef- The Christian Mission in Africa. Edwin W. ficient and costly. The rate of Smith. 192 pp. $1.25. New York. 1926. benevolent gifts for the Unadapted is $7.79 per member as compared with Africa whole, in place of Africa $12.55 per member for the Socially piece-meal, was the subject of the con- ference held at Le Zoute, Belgium, Adapted. September 14 to 21, 1926. Dr. Edwin W. Smith, of the British and Foreign The churches which have met the Bible Society, tells the story of it in challenge of the city-the Internally a volume which every student of mis- Adapted, Socially Adapted and Wide- sions should read. Fifty years before ly Variant, which include the adven- (in September, 1876) King Leopold turous residential, the downtown and had gathered a conference in Brussels the new Christian centers-are all to discuss the exploration and civilizatending in the same direction to large tion of Africa. Congo was then wellunits, well equipped buildings, nigh unknown. It is now Belgium'« salaried workers, enlarged programs one great colony, eighty times as large as the mother country. Leopold's con- ference brought together representa- tives of seven European nations. Its Christian success united scores of Christian organizations, European and American, in consideration of the needs of the great continent.

The new Africa which is leaping again into the world's consciousness is in need of everything-physical healing, political organization, eco- nomic development and spiritual re- demption. A new world awakening to Africa's possibilities has suddenly taken place and there is a trek Afri- ca-wards. The Conference brought together mISSIOnary leaders, govern- tian work for the people of Kashmir. Dr. Arthur Neve was born in Brighment officials, ethnologists, scientists ton in 1858 and went to India, under the Church Mis s ion a r y Society, and world travelers and the wholeness twenty-three years later. His life was full of self-sacrificing, fruitful service of Africa was preserved in the in Srinagar and vicinity, the story of which is full of inspiration. There thought of the Conference not only were exciting times in the days of the earthquake, plague and cholera. geographically but in respect to every Many an operation on Kashmiris was an adventure. Dr. Neve died of infield of endeavor. Government of- fluenza in 1919 and left an honored name and a monument in the hearts ficials as well as others united in of many who have turned to God.

acknowledging the central importance The Leaven of the Sadduoees, or Old and New Apostasies. Ernest Gordon. 12 DlO. of the missionary's task in the future 263 pp. $1.00, paper. $1.50, cloth. Chi· cago. 1926. development of Africa. The discus- Few Biblical students doubt that sions centered about how best to meet these are days of apostasy. So have been all the days since God first rethe need in the building ·up of the vealed Himself to man. They are also the days of faith. What is needed in Church, the education of the masses, every age is discernment and will to distinguish the true from the false the development of a health program, and to follow the Truth. Mr. Gor- don's volume on "Old and New and the solution of the land and labor Apostasies" seem to prove that today false teachers in churches and schools problems. dominate the situation. He quotes facts to show the tendency toward Dr. Smith's book gathers up all that Unitarianism in schools, colleges, seminaries and Christian institutions, is newest in relation to Africa as de- and calls attention to the growing agnosticism, skeptism and materialveloped at the Conference and pre- ism of the day. His statements, based on careful research, call for more clear sents it in such form as to enable the and courageous expressions of faith. It cannot be denied that many minreader to comprehend the startling isters of churches and many teachers in Christian schools and colleges have developments, economic, commercial, given up their faith in Christ and the Bible and are undermining the founand political which are taking place. dations of the faith in our youth. Weare thankful that there are others It cannot fail to stimulate a desire to who are building up stronger faith and purer life on the truth as God has keep the Christian movement where revealed it. We need to teach youth discernment, to bring them into vital it has long been and ought to con- connection with Jesus Christ and to prove by the facts of life that the life tinue, ill the forefront of Africa's de- of faith and obedience to God's Word and God's Son is the only life that velopment. P. H. J. L. can win.

The Search After Reality. Sadhu Sundar Singh. 12 mo. 104 pp. $1.25. 1926.

The Sadhu, an Oriental Christian, gives his view of Oriental religions- Hinduism, Buddhism and Mohammedanism-in contrast to the religion of Jesus Christ. He has lived in close contact with these cults, has studied their sacred books and has watched the lives of their followers. He sees in them truth, but not The Truth; a seeking after GOd, but a failure to find Him. His book contains thoughtful, devout observations and, while without much new light on the subject, gives interesting, if meager light from the inside, by one who has come to see the inadequacy of these religions.

Arthur Neve of Kashmir. A. P. Shepherd. Illnstrated. 12 mo. 134 pp. 28 6<'1. London. 1926.

Dr. Arthur Neve and his brother Ernest were British medical missionaries who devoted their lives to Chris- Hand Book of the Churches. A Survey outbursts of religious fanaticism, it of the Churches in Action. Edited by is quite impossible to account for Benjamin S. Winchester. 8vo. 426 pp. many outstanding characteristics of $2.00. Baltimore and New York. 1927. the Mormon system. Notwithstand- ing the opposition of the moral and! This year book contains, as usual, Christian forces, Mormonism has the up-to-date information in regard grown in a century until it has at- to American church organizations, tained greater strength than in any inter-church work and religious other period of its existence. statistics in America. There is also a survey of recent religious move- Some adjustments in Mormonism ments, such as local church federa- have been made in conformity with tions, community churches, church the civil law and custom of the land, board consolidations, inter-church co- but no one should deceive himself by operation, religious and missionary thinking that the fundamental teach- education, student Christian associa- ings have been changed. .As the au tions, theological controversies, con- thor of this book remarks about po- ventions and conferences, prohibition, lygamy : ' 'This doctrine still stands. the youth and the church, race rela- written in the official creed of the tionships, international and industrial church. Not one line of it has ever relationships and relief work. Four been erased or modified. " Like stored pages are also devoted to Roman dynamite it awaits the hour when it CatholicisIp, two pages to Judaism, is considered safe to bring it forward nine pages to religion in Europe and again. Mormon literature that teaches two pages to Eastern Orthodox this doctrine is constantly carried churches. The statistics for 1924 and through the mails throughout the 1925 report the following interesting world. figures: Members of all churches, 46,- 883,756-of whom 16,~45,000 are Dr. Snowden has only a faint hope Roman and Eastern Catholics and that Mormons can be induced to sur- 357,135 are Jewish heads of families; render their allegiance to their cult. there are 15,280,196 on roll in Sunday- He does believe that, "The growing schools and over 336,000 pupils are light of knowledge, science and edu- enrolled in 4,304 vacation church cation, Christian truth and grace, will schools; the Foreign Mission income slowly pervade and modify it." He for 1924 was $43,325,506 for United says, "Modern knowledge …. is put- States and Canada, and over $20,000,- ting dynamite under the foundation 000 (incomplete returns) for Home of Mormonism." Mission enterprises, not counting local church support. This may well be the attitude adopted by all Christians. As this This is a valuable reference book author says: Mormons "also are the for editors, pastors and others, in- children of our common heavenly terested in religious conditions in Father, and we should so regard them America. and welcome them back to their an- cestral faith and fellowship." The Truth About Mormonism. James H. Snowden. 369 pp. $2.5,0. Philadelphia. w. E. LA R. 1926. Penlune. S. E. Burrow. 8 vo. 134 pp. This very readable book contains 18 6d. Glasgow, Scotland. much valuable information about Mormonism. The author has aimed at This simple but charming story, fairness and accuracy without pas- the scene of which is laid in the quaint sionate denunciations and extrava- English town of Penlune, shows the gant statements. He points out that power of old-fashioned religion. Mormonism is a mysterious religious Excellent use is made of the Scrip- . movement that arose out on the tures to point out the successive steps American frontier. As with other in conviction, conversion and peace.

-E. A.A.

The Missionary Review of the World — February 1927

A SCENE IN RIADH, THE CAPITAL OF THE NEJD-'l'HE CASTLE OF THE RULER, IBN

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Me Cutcheon·s ('if) FIFTIIAVENUE foRTY-NINTH ST.

Dept. No. 20 '."M'_ New York "Lives 0/ great men all remind uS We can make Ollr li~les sublime, Atld departing lea,'e behind us .

Footprints 011 the sands of tillIC."-LONGFELI,OW.

I N THE minds of the American people twd great men are always associated with the month of February, And with the coming of this month, to the minds of many Christians the world over, comes the name of another great man born in Pebruary.

Vashington brought forth our nation; Lincoln preserved its unity; Moody ministered pre-eminently to its spiritual life. Of each it can be truly said, "He being dead, yet speaketh"; for the ideals of vVashington and Lincoln are the ideals of our nation today, and Moody's work goes on through the institutions and movements he founded.

One of these is the Moody Bible Institute, a school for training Christian workers of which he himself said, "It seems to me the largest thing I have ever undertaken, and that it is going to accomplish more than anything I have yet been permitted to do."

Some one has well said, "The world of tomorrow depends upon the schools of today," and we might add that the church of tomorrow depends upon the Christian training schools of today.

The Moody Bible Institute affords to Christians an opportunity to leave behind them, likewise, "footprints on the sands of time." This can be done by an investment in its Life Annuity Contracts. Write for complete information.

THE MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE Box Y2, 153 Institute Place Chicago, Illinois P1ease mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to adv,JTtisers. THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON. Editor CONTENTS FOR FEBRUARY, 1927 Page FRONTISPIECE •………………… A Sa~E IN RrADH, ,cAPITAr, OF TUE NEJD EDITORIALS ……•……………………………………………•…. 85 CHINA DISTURBED AND DISTURBING FOREIGN MISSIONARY COOPERATION CoOPERATION IN HOME MISSIONS RESULTS OF MEDICAL MISSIONS IN ARABIA ….•…………. L. P. DAME 89 The story of how Christian tWctors have opened closed doors in Arabia and have won Arab friendship.

WOMAN'S PLACE IN HOME MISSIONS ………… MItS. W.,c. WINNSBOROUGH 95 A remarkable address showing what women have done in promoting national wel- fare tMough home mfsli'ionary work in America.

CHINESE RELIGION SEEN THROUGH CRINESE PROVERBS …………. .

……. …•……………………………………… . HARLAN P. BEACH 102 A review a1·ticle of a recent book by C. H. Flopper, showing how the popular proverbs in China rmleal the religious thought and life of the people.

A CHINESE CHRISTIAN LAyMAN ………………………. G. W. SPABLING 107 The story of Liu Tze Buh, converted from BuddhiMrt as a young man, and for twenty years a consistent Christian b1lsiness man oonneoted with the Singer Sew· ing Machine Co., using l.ia time anil money for the spread of Christianity among the Chinese.

STUDYING MEXICAN RELATIONS AT EL PASO …………….. COE HAYNE 110 The report of an interesting and important oonferenoe of mi.<siona.·ies ana 00:600- tives on the present eonditions among the Mexioons in the Unitea States ana ChA-istian work among them.

WHY I LIKE MY MISSIONARY JOB ………………….. ALBERT D. HELSER 113 The oonviotions based on experienee of a missionary in Africa.

FROM MOHAMMED TO CHRIST …………………………. HABIB YUSUFJI 117 The life story of a young Mohammeaan who Was eonverted to Christ ana has had varied experiences traveling arouna the world until he has enterea a theological semitnary in .America.

CHINESE TURKESTAN ………………………………… G. W. HUNTER 123 Interesting facts about a little-known part of Central Asia as yet almost un· touched by Christianity.

NANNING-A CITY IN CHINA. _……………………. R. LECHMERE CLIF'!.' 126 A picture of life and work in one of the cities of Southwest China.

EFFECTS OF OHINA'S TURMOIL ON MISSIONS ••……..•……………..

. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . . . REPORTS FROM MISSION BOARDS 131 Detailed facts about the experie1lees of misli'ionaries and hindrances to missionary work in various parts of China due to the present state of unrest and anti-foreign agitatwn.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN ….. EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN' 135 WOMAN '8 HOME MISSION BULLETIN ……. EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 138 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ……………….•………………………. 141 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY ……………………………………….. 157 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1927, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PURJ,ISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

THE MISSWNARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

Robert E. Speer, President Wm. I. Chamberlain, Vice-President Delavan L. Pierson, Secretary Walter McDougall. Treasurer Publication Ofllce, 3d &' ReilY Sts., Harrisburg, EditorIal and Business Office. 156 Filth Avenue. Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 II year. New York City Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa.• under Act "r March 3. 1879. SAFE and SANE Do You Know?

Both for YOU and for tbe CHURCH Who built the Ark? was the first Christian FOR YOU: martyr? were th.. Samaritan.?

A guaranteed r('gular income for life Send for this 5-minute A future of assured freedom from finan- Bible Test, F R E E cial worry Are you satisfied with your knowledge An assured support for relative or friend of the Bible – the most interesting book in the world? See if you can answer the FOR THE CHURCH: questions in our free 5-minute Bible Test. The ten Moody Bible Institute A memorial church or school in some Home Study Courses give you the Bibli- needy field cal knowledge necessary for the most A permanent support for effective plC'.rfect daily religious lift". They are non-secta~ workers rian and there is onc suited to the needs from the beginner to the adv'lnced Christian. The The Extension of the Kingdom wonderful experience of 34,000 men and women students is waiting for you. Find out from this Life Annuity Agreements free test if vour Bible knOwledge is what it ought to be. Mail coupon now. "'''rite for infoI mation to MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE Morri. W. Ehne., Treasurer. Board 01 Foreign CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL Mission. of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 150 Filth Ave•.ue. New "torl:, N. y~ or Dept.4682, 153 ….titut. Place, Chic….., III.

W. J. Elliott, Treasurer, Board of Home Mis_ I ~:~~~:lel~si~~~f~ute Place. Chicago. III. sion. and Church Extension of the Methodist E:piacopal Church. 1701 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa. I Please send me. Free. your 5-Minute I Bible Test. No obligation. PERSONALS I Name. I REV. ARTHUR H. SMITH, D.D., author of I s~eet and No._ several well-known books on China, and missionary of the American Board in North &! ~::~.~-.'..,~-,.,.-" •.-•.••-••:-•:.-:':-::-: .-.:::-::::-::::-::_-:":':-:: JI China for fifty-three years, has retired and is making his home in Claremont, California. col, of the United Free Church of Scotland *** Mission. '* * REV. ROBERT A. HUME, D.D., another PRINOIPAL ROBERT R. MOTON of Tuskegee American Board veteran, who was born in India, of missionary parents, and has given Institute, accompanied by Mrs. Moton, their fifty-two years of active service in the Marathi Mission, is now, with Mrs. Hume, daughter, and two members of the Tuskegee living in Auburndale, Mass. faculty, sailed late in November for a trip *•* around the world. CUlVELAND E. DODGE has succeeded his father, the late Cleveland H. Dodge, as •* treasurer of Near East Relief. In 1925, Mr. REV. LLOYD CiRAIGlfILL, an Episcopalian Dodge became president of the Y. M. C. A. of New York City, which office has been missionary, and Arthur J. Allen, a Y. M. held by a member of the Dodge family for three successive generations. C. A. secretary, effected a truce between the • * .. nort))ern and southern forceS' around Nan- REV. WILLIAM ASHMORE, JR., D.D., Amer- chall~ ',c!iina, by carrying to them the peace ican Baptist missionary in Swatow, China, since 1879, who completed his revised trans- .terllll!' of"the Nanehang Chamberoj' Com· lation of the Old Testament on his seventy- . fifth birthday, has returned to America with merce. Mrs. Ashmore. DR. IWBERT E. SPEER, who, since last REV. WILLrAM PAr*oN, former Secretary August, has been visiting missions in Japan, of the National Christ~n Council of India, who visited the United $tates last year, has Kr,rea and China, holding conferences with been elected Secretary of the International Missionary Council. He has been succeeded missionaries, returned to New York on Jan· on the Indian Council by Rev. Nicol Macni. uary 3d. .. * ERNEST HURST CHERRINGTON, LL.D., a layman, has been elected Corresponding See- retary of the Board of Home Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, to succeed the late Dr. David D. Forsyth.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers.

FEBRUARY, 1927

L TWO CHINA – DISTURBED AND DISTURBING T HINK of a people comprising about one fourth of the human race j without any acknowledged leader or accepted central government; with many new and untried theories competing with old customs and ideas; with inexperienced, young students struggling to influence the masses; with suspicion on every hand-of foreigners, of all Christians, of their own leaders; with bandits and unpaid soldiers seeking to take something for themselves; with mobs easily influenced by agitators and hard to control. Above all, there is a determination to assert and establish national independence of foreign domination and to secure acquiescence to their demands from other nations. This gives but a partial picture of the disturbed state of China today. Foreign governments and many foreign residents ill China desire to pour oil on the troubled waters, but find there is danger of the oil catching fire and so increasing the difficulties.

In spite of the disturbing dispatches in the daily press, China is not all in turmoil. The problems presented are most difficult to understand and to solve and yet many able minds are patiently and earnestly studying them. A solution will be found. The great masses of the Chinese desire peace and of the nearly eight hundred mission stations, in which foreigners reside in China, less than seventy report any unusual disturbance or interference with the mission work.

From the reports received direct from Protestant missionary societies (printed elsewhere in this issue), it will be noted that the chief unrest and anti-foreign agitation are found in the provinces where contending armies are fighting. K wangtung Province in the Bouth has been troubled by bandits, strikes and student agitators. Some anti-Christian feeling has been manifested, coupled with the antiforeign sentiment. Some schools have been closed.

SZf'('hwall Province in the west is another center of student strikes and anti-foreign agitation. The Christian University at 85

Chengtu has been closed, a number of missionaries have been captured (later released), some missions have been destroyed and priests driven out.

Hunan, Honan and Hupeh in Oentral China report attacks by bandits, missions robbed and damaged, fighting and destruction by soldiers, student strikes and some strong anti-Christian as well as anti-foreign feeling. The Yale mission at Changsha has been closed temporarily.

Kwangsi, Fukien and Kiangsu Provinces are also in the war zone and report property damaged, student disturbances and some interruption to the mission work.

The other provinces-Yunnan, Kweichow, Kansu, Shensi, Shansi, Chihli, Shantung, Kwangsi, Kiangsu, Anhwei, Chekiang, together with Manchuria and Mongolia, report comparatively little disturbance or anti-foreign agitation. Travel is somewhat interrupted and in some places is difficult and dangerous but few of the more than seven thousand six hundred Protestant Christian missionaries in China have suffered seriously. In general, they report: "People generally friendly"; "work going on as usual"; "schools and chapels open and well attended." This was the case up to about January 15th.

What are the missionaries doing to meet the present situation? Most of them are remaining at their posts and are seeking to help Chinese in every way in their power. They generally advocate the withdrawal of foreign gunboats and no armed intervention. They advise that foreign governments agree to a revision of treaties so as to do away as SOOn as possible with extra-territorial rights, foreign control of customs and other special privileges that irritate Chinese.

In many mission churches, schools and hospitals, more and more control is being given to the Chinese Christians with a view to ultimate autonomy. Some of the missions are registering their schools with the Government, and agree to discontinue required religious teaching and attendance at chapel services.

China has no truer, wiser friends than the missionaries. With no unworthy motives they are seeking to help China find the way out of her present difficulties so that she may become a strong, wellgoverned, righteous nation whose people are illteIligeut, lJl'oHperoufi, ullselfish and godly, FOREIGN MISSIONARY COOPERATION F OR thirty-three years, the Protestant Foreign Mission Boards of North America have been united in a cooperative study of the missionary program. While this has not involved union or a unified action, it has brought about close fellowship in carrying forward the great, world-wide missionary task. Among other ways in which the united study of problems and cooperation in policy have been effective, are the following:

EDITORIAL .cOMMENTS

1. A united study of the relation of missionary work to governments where missionaries are laboring; and a united approach to these governments for a satisfactory solution of problems. The results have been especially helpful in securing passports, in matters relating to education, in connection with property and special problems in Turkey, Africa and China.

2. A united study of special fields. In times of crisis, as in Mexico, China, Japan or Africa, conferences of executives and missionaries have brought about a clearer understanding and a more harmonious principle and policy of action. Causes of friction have been removed and unifying policies have been adopted. The Committee on Cooperation in Latin America represents one phase of the work.

3. A united study of special types of work. Conferences of medical missionaries, of educational workers and of those producing Christian literature have brought about an interchange of experience and closer cooperation on the fields to promote effectiveness and to prevent waste of effort and money.

4. A united study of methods of publicity and of promotion in the churches at the home base. Smaller Boards have been enabled to learn by the experiences of larger Boards; joint meetings have been held in various cities and there has been an exchange of promotion literature and promotion ideas.

5. The large Missionary Research Library (at 25 Madison Avenue, New York) has been collected at great expense and effort and has placed at the disposal of all interested in missions rich resources in books and periodicals that no one Board could gather together.

6. A united study of the preparation of missionaries: The problems of recruiting and of passing upon candidates for foreign service are so similar that they can best be studied and promoted together. The one thing needful is that candidates for missionary service shall not lose their spiritual ideals and power and their missionary passion based on devotion to Christ and faith in His Gospel.

7. Various other special problems and phases of work are best carried on in united effort-such as English-speaking churches in foreign cities, work among foreign students in America, peace programs, health and furloughs of missionaries, work among Jews in all lands, cooperation with the International Missionary Council and with National Councils in India, Japan, China and Moslem lands.

This union work has been carried on through the Foreign Missions Conference and the Federation of ,Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions. The annual meetings of these organizations have recently been held in Atlantic City' (January 11th to 14th). There were strong addresses on China, Africa, Moslem lands and Latin America -followed by discussion-but special emphasis was given to the need

THE MISSIONARY REViEW OJ!' 'rHE WORLD LJ<'ebl'ual'Y

for closer, more effective cooperation in prayer, in the adoption of a unified policy and through harmonious programs in various fields. The secret of unity consists, after all, in a close sympathy with Christ, in a clear understanding of His program and in an unselfish devotion to His cause.

COOPERATION IN HOME MISSIONS FOR twenty years the Protestant Home Mission Boards have been cooperating in the study of problems connected with the evangelization and Christian development of those in the United States and neighboring countries. 'l'heir twentieth meeting was recently held in: ,Philadelphia (Jan. 4 to 7) under the auspices of the Home Missions Council and the Council of Women for Home Missions.

The special topic for discussion was the Rural Church-studied in its many phases, its needs, opportunities and progress. Effective addresses were given and papers read by Mrs. W. C. Winnsborough, Dr. Malcolm, Dana, Mr. Ralph S. Adams, Professor Ralph A. Felton, Dr. John McDowell and others. The changing character of the rural community wa's emphasized, the need for the elimination of competing evangelical churches in small towns, and the benefits of a more diversified and adequate Ohristian service program to help all classes and conditions in rural communities.

The home missionary forces have been cooperating effectively in promoting state councils and evangelical programs in such states as Idaho, Montana, Utah, North Dakota, Nevada, Washington, Wyoming <ODd Kansas. They have brought home missionary workers together to meet the needs of foreigners from Europe, Latin America and Asia. They have united in studying the needs and in giving the Gospel and its privileges to the American Indians and the American Negroes. They have caned united attention to the condition of the mountaineers, migrant workers, lumber jacks and others and have helped to establish work among them. They have produced and made available much helpful foreign language literature and have made known the needs of such special classes as the blind, the Jews, the Mormons and others.

Recently a plan has been adopted for cooperation with the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America. A committee of fifteen has been working on this plan to prevent duplication and overlapping. In general, under this plan, the Home Missions Council will have responsibility for Board activities among' the Indians, immigrants, Negroes, Orientals nnd Mormons and in Alaska, the West Indies and town and country work. The F'ederal Oouncil will have to do with the ]Jl'ohlems of evangelism, social relations, race relalions, interllationnl good-will, nrmy and navy, the Canal Zone, churches in Europe, financial matters, Ohristian education, relief, research and the drama.

SULTAN OF CENTRAL ARABIA AND RULElR OF MECCA, IBN SAOUD , A,ND

OF HIS CHIEFS Some Results of Medical Missions In Arabia BY L. P. DAME, M.D., BAHREIN, ARABIA Missionary of t ho Reformed Church in Amerie.a MISSIO NARIES in Arabia have long realized that it is diffi- cult to gain a hearing on a. direct religious basis. The Arab mind is closed to anything but the Koran and its teachings. The Gospel of Christ can enter only when the mind is opened by some contact with the outside world,by means of schools, hospitals and occasionally by the printed page.

Medical work has played a notable part in the program of the Arabian Mission. This has helped to break down prejudices, to open new territory and to bring people in contact with the Gospel, though from a strictly medical point of view also this branch of the work has been amply justified. Last year in our Bahrein hospital alone we treated 33,000 patients in the dispensary, performed 758 operations and made 992 visits to patients' homes. Such work must have a softening influence on the heart of the Arab. It would be impossible to relate the many incidents that together make a complete sLory.

The hospital formerly maintained at Busra was a real power in helping to break down that most difficult and intangible opposition to combat-prejudice. Not only was the Iwme of Dr. Bennett famous in lower Mesopotamia, bnt a few years ago when I was iIi the interior province of Kaseem, sometimcs referred to as thc "Heart of Arabia," several people askeCl me about him, mentioning him by name- 89

and it is usually difficult for an Arab to remember a foreign name. Others asked about the hospital that used to be there. Having once received physical help they were not very likely to carry an intense opposition against the place.

About fifteen years ago a mission colporteur in Kuwait was, for some reason, evicted from the city. One of our missionaries went there later to see if he could smooth out the troubles, but he was not even allowed to land When another attempt was made a few months later the missionary was only permitted to spend the night ashore and then returned to the waiting steamer. A few months more passed and another attempt was made to pour oil on the troubled waters. Dr. Van Ess, who went there, timed his arrival ashore with the departure of the steamer from the harbor. He then made his way to the castle of the Sheikh, announced himself a guest and, according to Arab hospitality, was entertained for three days. There was danger of Bedouin attacks along the overland route to Busra so that the guest was allowed to remain ten days more, until the arrival of the next steamer. Dr. Van Ess tried hard to win over the Sheikh, but to no avail. In his wanderings around the town he attempted to gain the friendship of this or that citizen or shopkeeper, but an order had gone out that no one should speak to the Christian infidel. On the edge of the town on the seashore was a little rise of ground and here Dr. Van Ess was wont in his loneliness to read his Bible, meditate and pray for the opening of Kuwait.

Today the Mission has on that very mound, where prayers were daily offered for the opening of Kuwait, two hospitals, one for men and one for women; also two missionary residences. We have in the heart of that city a boys' school and a chapel in a native house, where Arabic services are held every Sunday.

What was it that was used to open Kuwait in answer to prayer 1 Medical work. The Sheikh had heard of the Busra hospital, for people of Kuwait were frequently patients there. Some of the Sheikh's relatives and retainers had been there and had only good to say of the doctor and the hospital. His own daughter was operated on under chloroform, so that the Sheikh, realizing what a great benefit hiH subjects would derive from such a hospital, made a request to the Mission to open a hospital in Kuwait.

Bahrein too has an interesting story. About twenty-five years ago an attempt was made to buy land on which to build a hospital, but try as they might, no land could be had. One day two men came to a missionary, and offered to sell him a certain plot of ground. The sale was agreed upon and earnest money paid. Then late one night an Arab friend-and they were few those days-came to the mission house for an interview. He urged the missionary not to buy that land because, he said, there was a conspiracy against him. The men who had proposed the sale had picked out a piece of ground

SOME RESULTS OF MEDICAL MISSIONS IN ARABIA

on which a mosque had formerly stood. This made that ground holy and unsalable. The owners well knew this, but proposed to sell the land, allow the Mission to gather materials for the buildings and then face the missionaries with the charge of building on holy ground. Not only would the agitation of desecration be brought up, but the money paid for the ground would be lost. The friend, and he is stilI a friend, was heartily thanked and the land was not bought. Later another piece was found and the hospital built. It is still in use today.

The sequel to this story reveals an interesting contrast. The hospital at Bahrein was getting too small. There has been a constant increase of women patients and it was deemed necessary to build ARABS TRAVELING ON A BOAT IN PERSIAN GULF another hospital for women and children. Three years ago we approached the Sheikh-son of the Sheikh of the preceding story-and asked him to sell us a piece of land adjoining our hospital property. 'l'here was a large plot there but we wished to buy a section of it that had a splendid stone base. A less desirable plot lay between the mission property and that which we sought. 'l'he Sheikh's agent came to look it over and soon after we received a letter telling us that the whole plot of ground was granted as a gift to the Mission for the service to the community in the past years and as a help towards the realization of our new plans.

'fhe construction of the building planned would cost about $17,- 000 and we had only $11,000. But we had faith that some of the local people would help. 'Ve again approached the Sheikh and asked him to write a superscription for a petition which we could present to some of the rich merchants. He not only sent the written petition but

also a check of 5,000 rupees or about $1,600, as the first local gift toward the building. The total amount subscribed by the people was about 20,000 rupees or about $6,600, most of which was paid. (This includes a gift of $1,600 from The Anglo Persian Oil Co., Ltd., a British concern, with oil fields near Busra.) The great aim of the Arabian Mission since its founding has been the penetration of the interior. This met with a great many obstacles. Few Westerners have ever been able to gain entrance to these unknown regions, probably not more than half a dozen. When, about fifteen years ago, a revival of the Wahabis broke out and the new organization (known as Ikhwan or "Brothers") made its stern and cruel power felt among the yet "unconverted" tribes, the missionaries' task seemed more impossible than ever. Then the great influenza epidemic crossed seas and deserts and entered Riadh, the capital of Nejd. The star of Sheikh Ibn Saoud was then on the rise, but he was not yet known outside his own country. His eldest son and heir was stricken with influenza and, in his extremity, the father sent to Dr. P. W. Harrison, of Bahrein, to come and treat his son. The boy was already dead when the doctor arrived, but the foreigner was allowed to treat other cases and to perform a number of operations. From that time Nejd was opened to medical missions.

Two years later Dr. Harrison again visited the capital and made a longer stay. Again two years passed and an invitation came from the Sheikh for a medical missionary to open work in the capital. The result was my first trip to Riadh. Other visits followed and each time the stay was a bit longer than the previous one and each time more patients came for treatment and for operations.

Three years l;go the fourth invitation came, this time to treat the Sultan Ibn-Saoud himself. He had been ill for over three weeks and was indeed a very sick-looking man. It is always pathetic to see a strong, active, energetic man droop in weariness and pain. Fortunately, his splendid physique responded quickly after a slight operation and treatment. A week after our arrival a public reception was held, which was attended by about five thousand people. During our six weeks' stay in the capital the amount of medical work exceeded anything done during the previous visits. We were requested to go to several other towns farther inland. Camels and guides were provided and we stayed in the towns of Shughra, Aneiza and Boreida two or three weeks each. During all this journey we were the guests of the Sultan and all expenses of travel were borne by him. The farthest point reached was more than twice as far as Riadh, previously the farthest town to which we had penetrated.

,Ve have made medical tours into these provinces, but that does not meall that they are fully open to the Gospel. It is generally understood that we have the privilege of opening our dispensary with Scripture reading and prayer wherever we go, and because we

insist 011 this privilege we cannot establish a permanent foothold. The answer of the Sultan to requests for opening a hospital anywhere in the interior is-"Without your Book and your prayers, come and we will build you a hospital; with your Book and prayers, we do not want you, though we will be glad to invite you occasionally for a few months' stay."

Oman, the southeastern province of Arabia, has also recently flhown its need and desire for the medical missionary. About fourteen years ago the interior of this province rebelled against the Sultan of Muscat, who is theoretically the ruler of Oman. Previously a number of our missionaries had traveled rather freely through the province, but since then no strangers have been permitted beyond the A GROUP OF WOMEN, WAITING FOR TREATMENT DURING A MEDICAL TOUR IN ARABIA coast. About four years ago a truce was established between the interior sheikhs and the Sultan, and an immediate increase of patients from Oman was noticed in our hospital at Bahrein. The Omani is an extremely friendly Arab, much more so than the Nejdi. There is, in fact, a marked contrast between our problem in Oman and in Nejd. In the former place, the people would gladly have us come, but the ruling sheikhs are loath to invite us. In Nejd the people would never dream of inviting us, but the invitation has constantlv come from the man in power. Our problem in Oman was to reope~ a territory once open to the Mission and closed because of local political difficulties The rulers of the interior have constantly refused to allow foreigners in their domain.

A short time ago some geologists, representing a large oil company, were refused permission to prospect for oil. From our hos-

pital in Bahrein, we sent letters with returning patients for about eighteen months to the Sheikh of the interior with only two responses. We then asked for an invitation to visit his province but were met with an evasive negative. Eventually we set out to visit some of the coast towns where we were cordially welcomed and deluged with work. Again we sent letters to the reactionary Sheikh, and were then permitted, though not really invited, to go to Somail, the most important town of the interior. Here we were deluged with work and the "common people heard us gladly." For a time there was considerable opposition to our dispensary prayers, but because we refused to do medical work without them, all objections were withdrawn and the tour was a real success. Two of the sons of the Sheikh came, one for treatment and the younger for a minor operation, three of the women of the Sheikh's household came for major operations and people from every section and from every walk of life came in great numbers. The day we left the town our courtyard was tilled with friends who bade us farewell and who asked for a speedy return. A group of the Sheikh's servants escorted us out of the town, and two went with us all the way to the coast.

Medical work supplies a definite human need. When we realize that these people have absolutely no scientific treatment that can give them relief from pain, fevers and tumors, it is no wonder that many of them travel for ten, twenty and sometimes even thirty days on donkeys, camels or in sailboats to find relief in a hospital. At present the only hospitals in Arabia are on the coasts and are conducted by the Mission. May the time come and come soon, when we shall be permitted to establish hospitals in the interior also/' hospitals to exemplify the love of Christ and to distr~ute the Book of Christ.

THOUGHTS FOR THINKING CHRISTIANS If there was more abiding in Christ there would be less abiding in America. We are saved because of past missionary efforts; others are to be saved by our present missionary efforts. The most momentous fact in the universe, so far as we know, is that 800,000,000 human beings are still groping in ignorance without knowledge of God. Even on the cross, Christ was a missionary to the robber, and His last command was the missionary commission. The real question is not how much of my money will I give to God, but how much of God's money will I keep for myself? "Missions are not a failure in heathen lands, but are a sad failure in many professing Christians at home." "A living sacrifice" is the life poured out in loving ministry for others. How often our own lives are impoverished because we reserve them for ourselves!

Woman's Part in Home Missions*

Woman's Part of the Contribution Which Home Missions is Making to the Present Day Development of the Nation BY MRS. w. o. WINNSBOROUGH, ST. LOUIS, MO.

Presbyterian Church in the United States W OMAN'S part in the present day development of the nation is so largely the outgrowth of her splendid service during many years past that no intelligent consideration of today could fail to include a glance backward at the foundation of what is now the splendid Home Mission work of the women of the churches.

More than half a century ago, the interest of the women in the advancement of the kingdom of God in America, was evidenced in the organization of the Women's Boards of Home Missions, in many of the Evangelical denominations of the United States. Thousands of local home missionary societies had been organized many years previous, and the faithful service of these organizations was a harbinger of the splendid success that should attend the work of the Boards.

These organizations were born of great need-challenging opportunity and eager desire to serve our Lord.

As the years passed these Women's Boards of Home Missions became increasingly useful in the work of the Kingdom. Some of them began as executive committees, auxiliary to the General Boards of Home Missions, gradually taking on larger responsibilities until, with the consent of their highest court, they became independent and in some cases incorporated Boards of the church. Their activities included every department of Home Missions, although in most cases their major emphasis was placed upon educational and community work.

The first quarter of a century of the life of the Women's Boards witnessed marvelous results-well equipped, splendidly manned schools were established among the under-privileged and exceptional classes, none of which failed to receive their quota of help.

Immediately following the war between the States, the Women's Home Mission Boards established many schools for the education of the Negro, and today America is reaping the harvest of this foresight in an educated and Christian leadership, from the Negro race.

Indian Schools were planted on practically all the Government Reservations as well as in the fastnesses of the Appalachian Mountains where isolation was depriving thousands of children of an educationalopportunity. From these mountain schools has come a stream • An address given at the nome Missions Conference In Phlladelphla, Jan. 4, 1927.

95

of youth of pure American blood to take places of national leader- ship. And not a few men, high in authority in our land, received their inspiration and their early education in mission schools in their native highlands. A few years ago a speaker before a national Church court asked all the ministers present who had been born and reared in the mountains to stand, and among the large number of men who responded were pastors of leading churches, chairmen of important committees, and even the moderator of the highest court of the Church. Most of these men, powers in their communities as well as in the Church had received their early education in mission schools taught by consecrated women of Home Missionary societies.

When the wave of foreign immigration into America reached its highest peak, it was Women's Home Mission Boards that employed missionaries to help the immigrant at Ellis Island, and established schools for teaching these new Americans those things which would best fit them for Christian citizenship in their adopted land.

No task was too difficult, no problem too puzzling for the high courage of these splendid pioneer women of our churches. Many were true statesmen in their planning, and the strategic place occupied today by institutions founded by these women is indisputable evidence of their keen vision and fine judgment. If it be true that the success of a republic depends upon an educated and moral constituency, then the patriotic contribution of the Women '8 Home Mission Boards to our national life is indeed a worthy one.

The organization of the Council of Women for Home Missions, made up of practically all of the Women's Home Mission Boards of America, was a strategic move for a united consideration of common problems which has borne rich spiritual fruit and grown into practical missionary accomplishment.

However, a new attitude was gradually evolving in the missionary organizations of the Church as well as in many other departments of life. Women were successfully assuming new and larger responsibilities along with men and on an equal plane. A marked change came about in the mind of the Church as to the wisdom of separate mission boards of men and of women. The amalgamation of the General Boards with the Women's Boards was discussed, and steps taken toward closer cooperation between the two boards. Soon some denominations took their first step towards uniting the work of the two Boards, not without considerable trepidation however, and some opposition on the part of some of their members, both men and women.

The plan of union spread rapidly however, until today there are very few denominations in the United States that have not General Missionary Boards composed of both men and women, or are not in the process of making this change. Those denominations which

WOMAN'S PART IN HOME

organized thei~Woill(!il.~~t~drk rlior~ rJceIltly, arid werd' ~ble' t~,dis-I eern the future plan justl i:J{s'hig; ortl the riiission:HY h6rizori,' er~ct'ed their organization to function effectively as auxiliary to the C~l~r:ch;l with women representatives on all the General Boards. The filct' that in most denominations this representation is not yet adequate in numbers is but proof of the old adage that "Rome was not made in a day," though the future will probably show that women of all denominations are Presbyterian enough to practice "The Perseverance of the Saints" until such time as women shall have equal representation on the Missionary Boards of the churches.

The same spirit of union has shown itself in the increasingly closer affiliation of the Home Missions Oouncil and the Oouncil of Women for Home Missions. Nor is this spirit of union connned to the United States. The movement is even more marked in England today than in America. The International Review of Missions published in London speaks in a recent article of the decided trend toward the amalgamation of Men's and Women's Boards today in the following words: "The principle of full cooperation between men and women is completely recognized. Cooperation in missionary work is in being or in view in everyone of the larger communities of the Church and that as a process of evolution."

We cannot, therefore, tonight fairly consider Woman's contribution to America as the work done solely by the Women's Home Mission Boards, since many have passed or are passing out of existence. We shall be compelled to consider the subject from a broader viewpoint.

The Home Mission task itself is in process of change. A restatement of the objectives of Home Missions is needed today; it must include everything that the term has meant in the past and all that is evolving from the restless changing present; for the task of yesterday is not completed, even though new ones face us today.

Such a list must include the promotion of better race relations. In the Department of Race Relations, we nnd ourselves embarrassed today by our success of yesterday. For more than half a century, the Women's Boards have been giving a Ohristian education to children of other races-the Japanese, the Chinese, the Indian and the Negro. These schools have produced a fine group of intelligent and educated Ohristian citizens, and leaders for our beloved country. But what is the attitude of America, and even of the Ohurch, towards these leaders 7 Where can even the American born Japanese lawyer or minister of the Gospel serve1 His own racial groups are too small to provide him a living. What Anglo- Saxon church would employ him, however great might be his spiritual leadership 1 Who could employ a Negro however well fitted for the position, in any capacity that involved supervision of even the most ignorant 2

February

white men 1 How many ministel'E wau'ld dare arrange an exchange of pulpits with a Negro minister, whatever might be his achievements?

Have we devoted ourselves all these years to a conquest of ignorance, only to face a more deadly foe in race hatred, which seems to increase in intensity as the object of its animosity acquires potential leadership; race hatred which is so foreign to true democracy and to the tenets of God's Word which says "He has made of one blood all nations of men" 1 The task of transmitting race antipathy into brotherly love is one to try our souls and test our faith. Yet the women of the churches are addressing themselves to it courageously and with grat- Hying results. For eight years, a group of representative Southern Church women, both white and colored, have worked as a part of the Inter-Racial Commission of Atlanta, to promote better understanding between the two races. Together they have organized similar commissions in eleven southern states. The effort of these women to wipe out the crime of lynching has been an importaut factor in the encouraging decrease until the past year, in the number of lynchings. The fact that 13 more lynchings are reported this year than last, will but cause them to renew their efforts in this direction.

In September the first Inter-Racial Meeting of Northern White and Colored Women was held at Eaglesmere, Pennsylvania, with fine results. The conflict may be a long one; but race hatred can have no place in the hearts of Christians, if the Church is to take this land for Christ! The present efforts of the women to promote better race relations constitute as necessary a contribution to the Church and the welfare of our land as was the educational program of the 1860's.

THE MIGRANT PROBLEM Industrial conditions in rural America have been gradually changing. Highly specialized agriculture has grown enormously and a large migratory population has come into existence, through the development of new crops on a large scale, in new areas of our country. Seasonal laborers are employed, who move from crop to crop as the season advances, thus making permanent homes impossible. The children are deprived of any opportunity for an education, either secular or spiritual, and of any home influences of the better kind, and are usually pressed into service as workers while children. The migratory life of this population constitutes a national and Home Mission challenge. Women's Boards, through the Council of Women are doing a most interesting work in this difficult field through women workers employed to live among and serve these Casuals. The recent EI Paso Conference on Mexican work emphasized the need of this type of work, and the women who are blazing this new trail will show others the way.

J WOMAN'S PART IN HOME MISSIONS

THE COCNTRY CHURCH The Church of the ~illage and open Coulltry is being carefully studied today. There seem to be at least two general classes under which these needy rural communities may be listed: first, those, long familiar to us, that are handicapped by the remote location, underprivileged citizens and no church or pastor. The second, of more recent development, may have a church and even a pastor but the rural delivery, the telephone, good roads and automobiles, have united in luring the people away to near-by towns and cities, with iheir movies and other pleasure resorts, though not noticeably inereasing the church attendance there. The problem, therefore, seems to be in the first case to find a preacher for the people, and in the second to hold the people for the preacher. It is interesting to note what the women are doing in both types of communities, usually under the title of " Religious Work Directors," although the title is yariously applied in different denominations.

In the state of Georgia, one denomination has seven fine, alert, consecrated young women from the Missionary Training School of the denomination, employed to work in the rural and unchurched sections of the state. The following quotations from letters show us some of the things these women are doing.

"Our Church found that a consecrated woman working and living in the community, helping in the homes, sewing, nursing the sick and caring for the children, could gain ground faster than a man, who would not put up with such an everyday life! In most cases, after a year or more of such service, we have secured a church building of some kind and sometimes a community house too. My first summer was in a community where there was a church apparently dead. After three months' intensive work in building up the community life and interest we had an evangelistic meeting held by our chairman of Home Missions, and forty-six people joined the church, and now they have a Sunday-school, a Christian Endeavor, and a minister one quarter of his time."

Another worker writes: "The remote rural communities in our State have been sadly neglected by all denominations, and as a result the people, instinctively seeking some sort of religion, have been led to believe in many false doctrines, and to follow unwise and unsafe leaders. When a woman enters such a community she has a wonderful opportunity to present the true religion and through community work such as sewing and cooking classes for the girls, industrial work with the boys, social and religious meetings with the mothers, gradually the trend of thought can be turned into different and more wholesome channels. Then in the Sunday-school and Christian Endeavor the foundation can be laid still more firmly, and almost before we know it, there is a following ready for a church organization; the enthusiasm goes still further, and with some help from the committee, a house of worship is erected, and there is a church home where the people can meet together and worship the true God."

The chairman of this work, a minister in Georgia, writes: "By this plan of sending women in to do the pioneer work, we have opened up nine counties in the last three or four years and built fifteen

churches in communities where they werc badly needed. We are running fourteen Sunday-schools and teaching abont 700 pupils."

a 'rhis plan is also being used in Texas, where the Htatc j)ireetor of Religious Education is woman, who has oversight of eight young women who are doing a great work in the rural sections of that state.

In Mississippi, six young women are employed by one denomination in similar work.

SOCIAL SERVICE Another valuable contribution to community welfare is made through the social service departments of thousands of local missionary societies. Through this secretary, jails are visited as well as orphanages, old folks' homes, county farms and city hospitals. Good cheer is carried to the inmates and friendly interest shown. Day nurseries are operated, free clinics and pure milk stations established, supervised playgrounds are provided for needy sections of the community and many other forms of helpful service are carried on by this Department.

EVANGELISM Changes are occurring rapidly in the field of Home Missions. Good roads are not only changing the problem of the rural church, but they are also penetrating the remote sections of the Appalachians where isolation will soon become a thing of the past. State schools follow good roads, and in time will afford adequate educational opportunity to the mountain boy and girl. But State schools do not proclaim the message of salvation, and these children must have Christian homes and Sunday-schools and churches before the mission schools can be spared. Dr. E. C. Branson, in a recent number of World's Work, writing on "Mothers of Loneliness," says that there are 477,000 illiterate women in the mountains east of the Mississippi River. The number of "Quare Wimmen" who are living with and loving and teaching these people needs to be multiplied many times over.

Since, however, primary education will in time be entirely the province of the State and not of the Church, since Americanization is being taken care of by public schools among the new Americans, since more adequate educational opportunities are being-increasingly afforded the Negro, the Mexican, the Oriental, by the State, and the Church will in time be relieved of this task, what then is becoming the paramount Home Mission task of the Church of America! Is it not a renewed emphasis on evangelism, that supreme task of the Church which the State can never assume, the taking of the Gospel to all people everywhere? Is not this today the crying need of rich and poor, high and low, in America 1 Said a noted secular speaker recently: "America's greatest need today is a revival of oldfashioned religion."

WOMAN'S PART IN HOME MISSIONS

Although the IVomen Home Missionaries. are not preaching from pulpits, they are none the less true evangelists, telling the gospel story throughout our land. In mill village and in lumber camp, in mountain cove and on western prairie, they are living and telling, the old, old story. It has always been so. The Church at large may need to renew its emphasis upon Personal Evangelism, but to the women "Missions" has always meant carrying the Gospel! rChat message has been the motivating power and ultimate object of their missionary effort, and they stand loyally ready today to serve in even larger measure in making this beloved land really worthy of its proudest title, "Christian America."

Our consideration of woman's home missionary contribution to her country would be incomplete indeed were we to omit a tribute to that consecrated and self-denying worker-The Woman Home Missionary. For three quarters of a century, these women have lived in the hard places of the land, sometimes shoulder to shoulder with their brave husbands. Sometimes alone. Always poor, attempting a humanly .impossible task, yet with heads up and faces forward, never retreating, never complaining, the bravest 'souls the Church has seen.

Living on a meagre pittance, yet dividing with the needy, doing physical labor beyond her strength, yet helping with the burdens of others, bearing children far from hospital or surgeon, managing in some way to educate large families, with no child allowance from the Boards, with no furlough of rest at stated periods, with no halo on her brow for leaving the homeland, persevering, sympathetic, faithful unto the end, may we tonight place upon the head of the Woman Home Missionary the laurel wreath so long denied her and acclaim her as servant par excellence of her country and of her King.

THOUGHTS FROM OHRISTIAN THINKERS "You might as well try to cure smallpox by scenery as to try to save the world by improvement of environment. "

"Let us fail in trying to do something rather than sit still and do nothing. "

"Nothing is eternal but that which is done for God and others. That which is done for self dies."

"Consistent giving keeps the soul from shrinking." "God will not look you over for medals, degrees, and diplomas, but for scars. " "Doing nothing for others is the undoing of one's self." "With God, over the sea; without Him, not over the threshold."

"Chinese Religion Seen Through

Proverbs"

BY PR.OF. HARLAN P. BEACH, MADISON, NEW JERSEY KING SOLOMON'S Old Testament collection of proverbs, in their entirety, numbered some three thousand; Professor C. H. Plopper, Ph.D., of Nanking University, has made a 381page collection of 2,448 proverbs related to China's religious thought and moral teachings. This volume is by far the best one for those seeking light on such phases of life as may be liberally called Chinese religion. Yet as the author tells us: "For showing their literary i'tructure, wit, grace, beauty, and strength, Arthur H. Smith's 'Chinese Proverbs and Common Sayings' will probably never be surpassed." Another earlier collection is William Scarborough's" A Collection of Chinese Proverbs," 2,720 in number, which we labored over in our China missionary days with the feeling expressed by Dr. Smith in commenting upon the author's deprecatory introduction, in which he craved pardon lest" a few errors may have crept in." To .this the missionary humorist added: "Crept in! They have done more than that. They have come in in swarms, each with its hat on and umbrella spread, and have then taken a front seat." This latter volume has just been republished with additions equalling Solomon's number. Some months ago, Captain A. J. Brace placed in our hands a choice booklet entitled, "Five Hundred Proverbs, Commonly Used in West China," where he has labored for years. He said that these were the most common ones in a collection of eight thousand which he had gathered. As it is said of Jesus that "without a parable spake he not unto them," so the four authors mentioned above made their addresses and conversation acceptable through the knowledge of proverbs which they copiously and profitably used.

Only a few samples from Dr. Plopper's collection can be presented here. We have taken keen delight and have gained much enlightenment from them, despite the fact that the paraphrase oftentimes does not seem at all connected with the Chinese proverbs found below, which sometimes are like Scarborough's spread umbrellas in this Chinese meeting-house. The author often gives the commOn sense of proverbs h&ving no immediate religious or moral bearing. Indeed, Dr. Propper's paraphrases are as illuminating for the student of Chinese religion and customs as are the six ponderous tomes of Professor Dr. de Groot, of Berlin University, in his proposed series of twelve volum{)s-and are vastly more interesting. '['he following are samples of proverbial religion as it is heard on the lips of educated and illiterate alike, taken from one hundred and twenty- lOll three written sources and generously supplemented by proverbs heard by the author in common conversation.

Animism and the religious ideas preceding the formal teachings of Lao Tzu and Confucius occupy eighty-one pages. The next largest section of sixty-six pages has to do with religious doctrines. In the ancient nature-worship Heaven and Earth were prominent, with the dualistic Yin and Yang-positive and negative principlesclosely second.

"Heaven is father and Earth is mother. " "First was Heaven and Earth and then all creatures were born." "Heaven and Earth are the father and mother of all creati(m; and of all things man is most highly endowed spiritually." "If your principles are not good, you sin against Heaven and Earth."

Of the two great dualistic principles, they say: "Out of nothingness was born the Great Extreme; this produced the Yin and the Yang"-the Earth and Heaven-whose "unfathomable operations are spirit." The Yin and Yang principles have been deified as the Royal Father of the East and the Royal Mother of the West, the former living in a paradise in the Eastern Ocean and the latter ruling in the K'un Lun Mountains, said to be the junction point between Heaven and Earth. Thi~ is the place where the Yin and Yang vapors are harmonized.

These two principles, and especially Heaven and Earth, "are known and appealed to in practically every home in China. Early in the morning of the first day of every year the incense burner is taken into the courtyard in front of the door, and there under the clear sky, incense is burned for the family, while the head of the house prostrates himself in worship to the parents of all life."

From that early period came also the worship of the Gods of the Soil, or the spirits of the Land and Grains, to which small shrines are erected all over the land. These often contain a quaint pair of images, represented as husband and wife. While a disparaging proverb runs, "The God of the Soil is munching a cake-he cannot hear any large offering," the great philosopher Mencius asserted 111a t "The people arc the most important element in a nation; the spirits of the Land and Grain are the next; the Sovereign is the lightest "~for which saying, rulers always held a grudge against him, while the people said a hearty Amen. In the Confucian Analects is a proverb sanctioned by the Great Sage: "Faithfulness tranquilizes the spirits of the Land and of Grain; but a sharp mouth overturns home and country." What wonder that small images of these Gods of Soil and Grain are found in many homes, placed on the floor under the altar board that they may be as near Earth as possible to protect the house and its inmates!

Omitting all reference to a host of deities mentioned in proverbs and connected with nature, we introd1lCe the Dragon, regarded as the

king of the animal creation, the emblem of royalty and the symbol of greatness. There are many varieties, inhabiting many places; yet the real element of the Dragon is the water, and there at the bottom of the sea, in a ten-thousand-feet-deep cave, is his palace. "To go down into the ocean to seize the Dragon" is a proverbial way of describing a super-brave man, while of a man who would be helpless out of his proper environment, they say "A Dragon will not leave the deep water."

But of all gods and deities of the Chinese, the one most in evi- dence in the home life is the" Kitchen God," perhaps the oldest wor- shiped in China; Of the more than forty stories that tell the origin of this deity, Dr. Plopper gives that of Chang Tsao-wang, who mar- ried a virtuous young woman who brought good luck to his home. Tiring of her he later put her away and married one of a fast char- acter. Then all went wrong with him so that, blind and a beggar, he unwittingly asked food at the home of his first wife whose cooking and good deeds brought back his sight. Seeing who his benefactor was filled him with such shame that, in trying to escape her gaze, he jumped into the stove not knowing that there was fire in it. His wife mourned for him and placed a memorial tablet over the stove. Later this custom was followed by hundreds of millions of Chinese. The proverbs connected with this god of paper pasted near the fire- place have to do with the end of the year, when as the guardian of the family and cognizant of all its good and evil of the year past, he is unpasted and sent by fire to the Pearly Emperor dwelling in the North Star. That he may give a good report, his mouth is smeared with candy or syrup so that his last impression will incline him to a favorable report to that Emperor. "The Kitchen God has gone to worship Heaven." "The Kitchen God gone to heaven-no place to live," said of one seeking a house to rent. A longer proverb runs, "When the sweetmeats are offered to the Genius of the Hearth, New Year has come. The little girl asks for flowers; the lad wants crackers; the old lady is anxious for a wig; and out of spite the old man breaks his bowl"-for thus he is importuned.

The next chapters relate to later animism and current beliefs concerning spirits good and bad, demons, the phenix, tortoise, and magic in popular religion, fortune telling, charms, jeng shtti in its thousand forms, and the graceful pagoda, protector of the farreaching countryside from malignant spirits. – A few sample religions proverbs may be given, summari'zing a number of them which describe a good woman, and remind us of Solomon's description of such a person: The virtuous wife brings honor to her husband and is a source of strength ·to his moral life. Hence parents should seek goodness rather than beauty in choosing a son's bride. Such a wife creates a desirable atmosphere in her Dew home, creating memories that will be cherished. Her children will be

1927J "CHINESE RELIGION SEEN THROUGH CHINESE PROVERBS"

trained into strong manhood and womanhood, and her virtue will be her one priceless possession, or as the proverb has it, "'fhe excellence of a wife con- sists, not in her beauty, but in her virtue."

Her estimate of its value is thus stated: "It is a little thing to starve to death; it is a serious thing to lose one '8 virtue."

An admission as to her virtue, characteristic of the old regime, is added; "For a woman to be without talents is virtue," i. e., it is better for iii woman not to be bright.

Summarizing for men the proverbs declare: "He whose virtues exceed his talents is the superior man, and to hav~ such a one in the home is to exalt the whole clan. As men of this class increase;, they strengthen the country, 'for virtuous men are a kingdom's greatest; treasure.' . . . So it is the duty of every teacher, father and elder to live~ virtuously before the young. Then the child will also show forth the same' qualities and grow into a perfect manhood."

Half a dozen proverbs indicate that living' a virtuous life is not easy, but calls for watchfulness in small things, a thoroughgoing criticism of one's own life, constant control over one's desires and feelings, for "Virtue is the foundation of happiness, vice the presage of misery. "

As to critics of character, "He who tells me of my faults is my teacll€r; he who tens me of my virtues, does me harm."

This saying of Confucius is also a worthy proverb: "Hold faithfulness and sincerity as first principles, and be moving continually to what is right; this is the way to exalt one's virtue"

Many proverbs having to do with virtue and vice are well worth a place in Christian living, though many others are not.

A prominent series of proverbs has to do with quietism, and that is emphasized especially by present-day scholars, and thinkers, and a few military officers. The doctrine of Taoism, the Tao, is here very prominent: "The freer, deeper life does not come through strife and searching, but by putting oneself in accord with Tao [often identified with God, Reason or Natureland peacefully going with its movements. Should any cause of trouble arise, one should not get angry and excited, but should tranquilly yield to circumstances or to men, and he will win by his very nonresistance. One gains strength by being able to bend before the winds of adversity. As he learns to be placid, his power increases; for the Tao is permeating him."

Another series, covering thirteen pages, has to do with rewards and punishment, for the Chinese firmly believe that "Good has its good recompense, while evil has its bad outcome." "Virtue and vice are sure to be rewarded in the end; only at times sooner, at times later." "Plant melons and you will gather melons; plant plums and you will gather plums." "Each man must suffer for his own sin." "How can you escape the great reckoning 1"

Yet Fate, following Indian ideas of transmigration connected

with Karma from a previous existence, is often mentioned in Ohi- neBe proverbs.

"It was determined in the former life." "Laugh not at the poverty of others; for the affairs of transmigration are just." "Life and death are according to Fate; the great reckoning will be difficult to avoid." "Both riches and honor are settled by Fate; their time of arrival each 11liin must await."

Rewards of the present life are very uncertain: "He hoards to- day, he hoards tomorrow; he does nothing else but hoard. At length he has enough a new umbrella to afford; when all at once he is as- sailed, a wind arises quick, and both his hands grasp nothing but a bare umbrella stick."

The end comes at last and man reaches the Yellow Fountain, or the Nine Fountains-Hell. The Yellow Fountain is supposed to be located in China's westernmost province, surrounded by a large rock 25,000 miles in circumference, having iron walls 10,000 feet high, from which :flames issue. Its prince Yen Wang at the proper time sends his messenger Wu Oh'ang for one's soul. Strong, wiry spirits then punish the culprit according to his deserts. Other proverbs allude to Ti Tsang, a Buddhist Reformer of Hell, who goes from point to point preaching the Law. When he sees a soul truly repenting of its sins, as Deliverer from Hell he induces the King having that particular section of Hell in charge to release him.

Pages of proverbs illustrate the fate of those in the ten great divisions of Hell with their varied tortures. Happily these glimpses of horrors are followed by other pages describing the life of the Immortals and the paradisaical Eastern Isles and Western Heaven, Buddhistic in the main. This "World of Extreme Happiness" is the dying hope of thousands every month j for there Amida Buddha and the ever-pitying goddess Kuan Yin, stand ready to welcome Buddhists to a Paradise perfectly pure as compared with Islam's shamelessly sensuous Heaven.

Chinese proverbs are of a high order relatively speaking. Impurity is lacking, and ethical ideals are dominant in most of the collection, especially when they are from the classics and other literary sources. They do not point out a way of salvation, except in the Buddhist proverbs; and even then it is an ignis fatuus that only uncertainly suggests what is not truly existent. Good sentiments are on every lip, but virtuous conduct and holy lives are rare under prevalent religious teachings. The proverb may be a good starting point for a Ohristian address j but these in Dr. Plopper's superb collection are as devoid of saving value as is Solomon's Book of Proverbs; both demand a Gospel and a Saviour truly to bless the soul.

A Chinese Christian

BY G. W. SPARLING, CH1JNGKING, WEST CHINA Missionary of the United Church of Canada I Na hilly district, one hundred miles south of the city of Chung- king, Liu Tze Ruh was born some fifty-eight years ago. When yet a youth he left the fascinating and invigorating scenes of his country home to seek his fortune in the commercial metropolis of Chungking. He was accompanied by his father who had no capital but earned his living by daily work. 'l'he lad was expected to support himself and also to make a contribution to the family exchequer. His father was brought up as, a member of the Buddhist sect, and the son inherited a strong belief in the reality of the spiritual world as well as an intense desire to inquire into its mysteries.

Soon after his arrival in Chungking the young man heard of the foreign missionaries and was pleased one evening to see, in front of a well-lighted building, a written invitation for passersby to come in and hear the Gospel. He decided to enter and gain whatever light he could on some of the problems that were continually pressing on his young mind. During this first meeting he heard the Christian story of creation. It fascinated him so that he decided to come again and soon became a regular attendant at these services. He purchased a Bible and set himself the task of reading it through. In one year he had finished it several times. Six months after he first heard the Gospel he was baptized and immediately became a voluntary preacher and bookseller. He has sold thousands of books and preached hundreds of sermons but has never accepted any remuneration for this work. From the beginning of his Christian experience he had an intense desire to tell others the news. He would go on long tours carrying Bibles and gospel portions with him preaching and selling as he went. Several times I have heard him express a wish that the last few years of his life might be spent in just this kind of work.

About twenty years ago Mr. Liu was recommended as a clerk with a foreign export and import firm but it was as agent for the Singer Sewing Machine Co. that his most rapid advancement was made. In 1913 he was advanced to the position of general agent covering the whole of the province of Szechwan with a population of seventy million. Here his ability as an organizer was soon seen and he placed agents in all the main cities of the district. He soon became a comparatively rich man and on several occasions was re- (lllGsted to go to other provinces to assist in organizing the work of the company. This work necessitated much travel.

Mr. Liu's desire to do philanthropic work seemed to increase 107

with the increase of his income and he began to look around for the best way to use his money. He early adopted the motto that all he had belonged to the Lord and after deducting sufficient for the needs of his family was prepared to use the remainder in definite Christian enterprises. His liberality was first brought to the notice of the public when he decided to open an orphanage for boys. which was afterwards followed by one for girls in which over a hundred children are working and studying. Several of these pupils have graduated and are now taking responsible positions in mission schools and elsewhere while many others have learned trades which have enabled them to earn a respectable living. In this enterprise as in all others he has insisted that it shall have a Christian atmosphere; Christian worship is held regularly and the Bible is one of the school textbooks.

Mr. Liu did not forget the country home from which he had come some twenty years before, but early decided to do something to bring the people of that district into touch with the Gos- pel and which would stand as a memorial among llis former neigh- bors. As a heathen he would probably have erected a memorial arch but as a Christian he decided that the best :ldR. LIU TZE RU thing was to open Christian schools for the children, so that the coming generation would have opportunities which were denied to their parents.

During all the years Mr. Liu has kept his membership in the same church in Chungking which is now over thirty years old. This began as a mission church entirely financed by mission money but as the membership increased they gradually assumed some of the financial responsibility. Four years ago a committee was appointed to consider the matter of becoming entirely self-supporting and it was largely through Mr. Liu's efforts that this was accomplished. He did not want to give in a way that would overshadow the other members but assumed his share so that the complete budget of $1,500 a year has been raised locally during these years. He has been a real inspiration to the other members as they have had an example of a man who has not forgotten his duty to the church during his time of prosperity. He has done much to combat the idea so prevalent on the mission field that the church is good for those who are in straight-

A CHINESE CHRISTIAN LAYMAN

ened circumstances and need its assistance but is not necessary when men are in independent circumstances.

Having been much in contact with foreign mis8iouaries and being connected with a foreign firm, Mr. Liu decided that he would like to take a world tour. In the spring of 1924 a missionary going • home on furlough to Canada offered to take him and act as interpreter.

His visit to the Christian Church of the West has helped Mr. Liu to get a truer idea of the meaning of the missionary enterprise and how it is financed and managed. Soon after his return he said, "I consider it my duty to tell what I have seen and among other things I hope to give the people of my own country a clearer conception of the Ohristian movement. Many of my people say that missionaries are here as agents of capitalistic governments and supported by strong financial concerns but I have learned the truth of the matter and will tell them that it is only the sacrifice and generosity of Christian people in the West that has made the missionary movement possible." And as we have heard his addresses since his return we 'are thoroughly convinced that he was right when he said that God had a purpose in the journey and we believe that his message on his return is proving even a greater inspiration than was his message to the people of the West. His own faith has been increased and his purpose to spend his time and talents for the Lord has been strengthened. The disturbed condition of the country has greatly interfered with his business and competition has taken away part of his trade but nothing has in any way lessened his desire and determination to spend his life in the service of God and his fellowmen. He sometimes speaks of giving up active business life and going into more direct work for the Church and if that is the way the Lord is leading him he will certainly follow it and God can make him even a greater blessing there than in the sphere that he has already occupied.

The problem of the mission field is to make the Church indigenous and in this one is greatly heartened by association with a man like Mr. Liu. While being ever ready to acknowledge the debt which China owes to missionaries, and realizing that their services are still necessary, he insists that the Chinese Christians should go to the limit of their ability to support their own work. In face of the anti- Christian movement which is abroad he continues to inspire his fellow Christians to aggressive effort believing that the gospel message is what China needs. He has faith in the ultimate triumph of truth and the realization of the Kingdom of God in his own land.

"All who look to the Lord have light in their faces!" is the Chinese version of the text: ' , They looked unto Him and were lightened." One woman who had been welcomed at the first meeting she attended, attributed her conversion to their kindly words. She had said to herself: "I must go again, and hear more of the doctrine that makes people kind."

EGATES AT THE EL PASO CON FERENCE ON ~mXICAN

Studying Mexican Relations at El Paso A ConfeTence to P 'urther InlerTu cial (JJnd International Goodwill BY COE HAYN E, NEW YORK T HE influence of the recent EI Paso Conference on the future development of work among Mexicans will doubtless be felt by all forward-looking organizations which have contacts with the Spanish-speaking people north of the Rio Grande. The conference, held December 11 to 16, 1926, to consider questions relating to the social, religious, educational and economic welfare of Mexicans and Spanish-Americans in the United States, met the anticipation of its sponsors in the matter of attendance and interest. Not only were the church boards affiliating with the Home Missions Council and Council of Women for Home Missions well represented, but present also to participate in the discussions were several officers in the departments of education and health and labor bureaus of some of the border states, as well as members of the faculty of state and denominational colleges. That these agencies met to consider their common problems open-mindedly and mutually sympathetic is in itself epochal in the history of interdenominational cooperation.

Radically transforming results arising from the conference were not predicated by its sponsors. A unity that resides in the desire cooperatively to find and face the facts presented by the five commissions that carried on a pre-conference study of the major problems affecting Mexicans and Spanish-Americans in the United States 110

'STUDYING MEXl:cAN RELATIONS AT EL PASO

was namea as a cherished goal by Dr. Charles E. Vermilya, conference chairman, in his introductory remarks. ""Ve may not all interpret the facts in the same way," he said. ""Ve ('an at least be charitable and sympathetic toward each other, and the presence in EI Paso of any delegate is evidence of a mutual interm;t in a common cause. "Ve meet not to discredit any organization, social or religious, but to . discover, if possible, the privileges to which Mexicans and Spanish- Americans, who are a part of our common social life, are entitled, and the means by which these can be provided. This conference ought to make allies of many who heretofore have had very little to do with each other."

While missionary projects of an evangelistic and educational nature had a generous hearing, these questions did not receive an undue share of the time given over to open discussion. The conference was defined by Dr. Worth M. Tippy, who represented the Ifederal Oouncil of Ohurches at EI Paso, as concerned with the "totality of the lives" of members of the racial group under scrutiny and as one of the most important within recent years. "We have posflibly two and a half million Mexicans in the United States," said Dr. Tippy. "These workers are absolutely essential to our industries. They are here with their wives and little ones. They deserve the best our civilization has to offer, and it is to our interest to give it to them. These great money-spending boards are interested not alone in the spiritual and intellectual progress of these people but in the totality of their lives. This is shown by the studies that have been under way for months in preparation for the conference. Nothing better indicates the revolution which has taken place in the scope and interests of religious work during the last quarter century."

That the discussions were confined to vital matters may be seen by a perusal of some of the questions raised. The following are fairly representative: Leadership: Is present leadership adequate? Is it adequately trained ~ What is the place of the Mexican leaded The Spanish- American leaded The Anglo-American leaded Is adequate provision available for training leaders ~ Is the interdenominational training of leaders feasible? What steps should be taken to provide training for leaders? Are salaries adequate? What is the relationship between rate of salary and effectiveness of work?

Interdenominational cooperation: How much is desirable and feasible? What things can be done better interdenominationally~ What things better by denominational groups? What are the pres- ent comity arrangements r Are they being carried out effectively1 What llew arrangements should be made? Are there present cases of denominational overlapping? How can these be corrected 1 How can they be' avoided in the future~ Local church programs: What is the usual type of local church

program in a Spanish-American or ~Iexican church 1 Is it adequate ~ 'What are its strong points and what are its weak ones ~ Is there adequate help for putting the program iuto operation'? ·What modification should be made! What provision is lllade for training local leaders 1 Is the preaching' of a satisfactory and worthy character? Is the church school on a creditable basis"/ Is attention given to young people's organizations fAre clubs and similar organizations provided for boys and girls 1 Is week-day religious instruction a factor of the work~ Are daily vacation church schools feasible and how can they best be promoted and conducted 1 The Mexican industrially: How shall our schools, our churches, our community houses make any impression upon Mexicans who move constantly from place to place f What shall we say of an economic system which, by the very nature of the case, makes homes impossible? What have you to say about the little children who toil in the beet-fields f What shall we do for people who live upon wheels 1 The Mexicarn and his comm~£nity life: What can the church do to persuade !lgricultural companies to provide adequate housing for their employees? How can we create in our people a desire for better homes? Is the Mexican a homogeneous element in our national life? If not so now, is he likely to become so, How does he measure up to our American standards-economic, social, racial ¥ What is your church, or your community house doing to help him fit in? What values does the Mexican bring with him which can be contributed to our American life? How are the factors of a steady and living wage, home ownership, and the attitude of the American community to be evaluated as helping or hindering his adjustment to American life f The Rev. Vicente Mendoza, native Methodist pastor of Mexico City, and Jose Kelly, general delegate of the Mexican Federation of Labor, both shed light on the religio-political situation in Mexico. They urged the necessity of time and patience on the part of all concerned in the working out of the ideals of the Calles government in its heroic struggle to direct affairs in Mexico to the end that Mexico may make a positive contribution to the civil, industrial and cultural progress of the world in spite of the inimical alien forces that steadfastly refuse to release their grip upon her life-sources.

More humanitarian methods in the deportation of Mexicans from the United States were recommended by the conference; also that the United States and Mexico appoint a joint commission on emigration and immigration "to recommend to their respective governments appropriate legislation" regarding immigration policies.

The conference expressed its desire "to urge upon our government that its relations with Mexico be developed in an atmosphere of sympathy and mutual goodwill, and that all questions at issue be approached with exceeding patience and resolved through conference and discussion."

CHURCH· OF THE BRETHREN MISSION SCHOOL AT GARKIDA, NORTHERN

WEST AFRICA, A JOURNEY OF 1030 MILES FROM THE WEST COAST.

The picture shows the boys and the girls and the school in September. 1925. (Those. kneeling In front row are girls.) Why I Like My Missionary Job BY ALBERT D. HELSER, F.R.G.S., NIGERIA, WEST AFRICA Author of "In Sunny Nigeria"

JAMES GORDON BENNETT sent Henry M. Stanley into Central 1frica with the commission: "Find Livingstone, never mind t~~ cost; find Livingstone and bring him back." The Word of Jesus Christ to His Church is, "Find lost men; never mind the cost; find them and bring them back to Me,"

With this in mind H. Stover Kulp from the University of Pennsylvania and the writer, from rreachers College, Columbia University, traVeled a thousand miles into the interior of North Central Africa.

On a crisp November morning we set our faces toward the land of our heart's desire. Six years in college and graduate work had made me a little impatient to be off.

By steamer to England and then on to Nigeria; by train, Ford, horseback or on foot we traveled 1,109 miles into the interior and located at Garkida, Northeastern Nigeria, south of Lake Cht!9. 1,030 miles from the West Coast.

The shadows of disease and death stalk everywherel,tmong.;.the pagans of North Central Africa and there are no cities of refuge. I visited a village which was deserted because of smallpox. Those 113 3

who were able to go had fled to new quarters; they were helpless and hopeless. As we went near the door of a hut we heard a voice and saw a form of a woman blinded and disfigured with smallpox. There were dead to be buried with few to bury them. A few months before we had seen bodies twisted with cerebro-spinal meningitis. Lepers with bleeding hands and feet cry out for help from many a gateway. Little children scream and groan from the torture of heathen practices.

'llhere are many languages in Central Africa and this creates a tremendous difficulty. In the Bura tribe where we are located the people knew nothing of a written language. There is no Bible, no school books, nothing on paper.

A BURA COMPOUND IN THE MIDDLE OF A CORNFIELD

WHY I LIKE MY MISSIONARY JOB

Ignorance, polygamy and devil worship in their worst fOl'ms a 1'0 entrenched as deep as hell itself. I like my missionary job because it is a commission from my Master Himself, and because it is difficult but what gives a greater thrill is to realize that there is hope of victOl'Y· The doctor vaccinated the children and some grown people in that small deserted village and we told them of the hope. Some were delivered from an awful death and told of a Saviour's love.

011e father came running after us V~ as we left. A child was in his arms and the father begged that delivering medicine might be ad- ministered. Lepers are being treated and some are showing marked improvement. The new ray of hope has put a new gleam in their eyes and a smile on their faces. Little children are exchang- ing their screams of despair ror I';ongs of joy and hope and their groans for loving words and prayers to Jesus Christ.

The language is being reduced to writing and the gospels are heing tmnslated into Bura and are print~d by the British and For- eign Bible Society. Ignorance is beginning to give way. Ninety- four boys and sixteen girls have been enrolled in our mission school and have learned to read. There LI'rTLE MOSE]SS 1IlJTNriGo~O SEE WHAT are small beginnings in industrial education. The missionary doctor gives regular instruction in sani- tation and hygiene.

Harmful social customs and superstitions are giving way. Young men are beginning to refuse the urge of their parents to take the second wife. Men who three years ago marched around the moun- tain and called for rain are now quietly kneeling in our little church and praying to God for rain. Some who watched through the long nights in fear of evil spirits now say the Lord's Prayer and "lie down to pleasant dreams." It is a joy to serve Christ in Central Africa. Hopes are begin- ning to' be realized and new and larger hopes are being born all the time.

I like my missionary job because it has a great future. As we

write on the tablet of the hearts of the youth we are determining the future of the nation. VlTe hope to see established a training center for teachers and preachers that will wield a determining influence over millions of men who are now pagans and Mohammedans. There is a great opportunity in our pagan area to win the people to Christ before they have been mis- led into accepting another religion.

'1'he1'e is a great field before us. More missionaries are needed in Nigeria. For 200 miles to the north and 1,000 miles to the east there are only two Lutheran mis- sionaries. This field needs men who know Christ and will obey His Word.

A few weeks ago I was preach- ing near a sacred lake in Buraland and a horseman called for me to come quickly for a woman had been caught and mangled by a crocodile.

I found her in awful agony. A great chunk of flesh had been bit- ten from her hip and there were THREETE~r;[R~r;.r!i6c~.ftk~r;; ON other big wounds on her legs. We $ ~' did our best but she died. When we asked about killing the crocodile they said, "Oh no, it may have the spirit of a man in it and he would die." This is one of the super- stitions that need to be changed. With God's help the time is not far distant when a woman will be of more value than many crocodiles.

I like my job because it is God's work; it is difficult; it is needed; it is hopeful; it is worth doing.

SEED THOUGHTS FOR MISSIONARY SPEAKERS "The only relationship big enough for one man is all the rest of mankind. " "It is of less consequence what truth a man holds than what truth holds the man." "The consecrated missionary church is not a cistern, but a living fountain. " "No interest in missions ~ The only explanation is either inexcusable ignorance or willful disobedience." "The man who does not believe in missions had better burn up his New Testament, for it is a record of missions." "This work of missions is the biggest, the most far-reaching, most divine task that confronts the twentieth-century man."

Mohammed to

A Testimony by an Indian Mohammedan Who Is Now a Christian Student in America BY RABIB YlUSUFJI, PRINCETON, NEW .TERSElY W HILE I do not know the date and circumstances of my birth, I know that I was born about thirty years ago in that ancient and "holy" city of Ujjain, in the state of Gwalior, about five huudred miles northeast of Bombay. My parents belonged to a very strict sect of Shiah Mohammedans, known in India as Bohra-a sect which forbids its male adherents to trim their beards, to use intoxicating liquors or drugs, to smoke or chew tobacco. Women must not go unveiled in public, and both sexes are required to meet the appointed hours of prayer, and to observe the month of fasting and other Moslem customs.

When 1 was about six years of age, my family moved to Basim, a town farther south, where my father was employed by a cloth merchant. Soon I was placed in a grade school, under the guidance of Mohammedan teachers. I still remember the remarks which my father made as he introduced me to my instructor: "Sahib, here is my boy. All the flesh belongs to you, and all the bones belong to me." The teacher saw to it that I did not put on too much flesh by freely applying his professional cane to my tender hide.

While I was a pupil in the fourth grade, a terrible plague broke out in Basim and we were ordered to flee to the open country. My father, being a fatalistic Moslem, believed that nothing could harm a man without the will of Allah, so he kept on attending to business as usual. As a result, my father died of plague, leaving behind him five helpless dependents. My mother came with her four children to live at the home of my maternal uncle in the village of Rustumpur, Central Provinces, where she performed "the widow's rite," by dressing herself in white garments (a sign of deep mourning) and remaining in a state of seclusion for about four months and ten days.

After staying with my uncle for eight months, I returned to Basim, and worked as a page, assistant cook, nurse and errand boy for the same family that had employed my father. A little later on I was asked to continue my schooling, and began studying English. Being separated from my mother made me long in my heart to see her once more, but one day a postal card from my unele announced her marriage to a man in Bombay. Grief so overwhelmed me that I went to a well, determined to end my life. Just as I was about to throw myself in, I seemed to hear a small voice pleading with me not to commit that awful deed. After a brief meditation, I yielded to its pleadings.

117

When another plague broke out in Basim, I had to leave the town and this ended my schooling as I was about to finish the sixth grade. I went to Rustumpur to stay with my uncle who was very prosperous. Soon he made arrangements for the wedding of his younger brother, and at the same time solemnized my marriage to his own daughter, a girl of about ten, though we did not live together as husband and wife due to our minority.

I continued to live with my uncle, that I might pay the debt which he thought lowed him, for giving me his beautiful daughter, thereby losing a chance to make seven hundred rupees.

He treated me as his hired man, and soon showed a spirit of tyranny. One day he beat my younger brother so severely that he cried out for some one to deliver him from the blows that made the poor boy's body black and blue. I rushed into the barn and picked up a piece of firewood, which'

I threw at my uncle with such force and accuracy that he was laid up in bed for several days. I fled from my father-in-law's house and on the way met my paternal uncle who begged me to come to his house. A telegram was sent to my mother and stepfather to come down and settle the family quarrel. The truce was declared and my father-in-law requested me to write out a bill of divorce for my girl wife. I did not do it at that time- HABIB YUSUFJI for which later I was sorry. .My younger brother and I were expelled from my father-in-Iaw's roof and we returned to the city of Ujjain where we were employed by a merchant to go to the Island of Lombok, nearly five hundred miles from Australia. I went out immediately to become bookkeeper for the firm and my brother was to follow later with my employer. After a long voyage I arrived at Ampenan, Lombok, to find that I was not yet fitted for such a re- sponsible task. The man in charge of the concern asked me to tutor his son in thc Koran. 'rhc lad waR spoilcd by self-indulgence and after sevet"UI weeks J gave llim lip as a llOpeless casco I took n stcamer for Sillgaporc I1111I fOllnd clllploymcllt as a cook ill a llonw where I had stopped as a guest on the way out.

During the last month of my year's contract, my Mohammedan-

l<"'ROM MOHAMMED 'fO CHRIST

polygamist-priest-merchant-employer left his place of business for a pilgrimage to Mecca. He never came back alive, and as soon as the report of his death reached Singapore, the business was closed. I invested my salary in merchandise to peddle from one street corner to another. My younger brother arrived, and as the life was too strenuous for him in Singapore, I found steady employment for him in a neighboring city.

My life as a peddler was full of hardships~ with very little income. Another young man and I entered into partnership and traveled far and wide, through jungles and on the water. We were told there were ample opportunities to acquire wealth in China, so we sold all our goods at auction and bought tickets for Hongkong. Our trip turned out to be a fool's errand, and we returned to Singapore. We secured. employment as cooks on a steamer carrying oil to England.

In the latter part of December, 1912, we sailed from Singapore and came to Cardiff, Wales. We were horrified when we learned there that our next trip was to be to America. The Bengalese Sunnite Mohammedan seamen had no use for us, who were Shiah Mohammedans from Western India. The rough ocean in the month of January made it very difficult to prepare meals on time, but whether seasick or not, I had to feed the hungry mob. Daily insults and abuses were increasing.

When we reached Philadelphia I decided to run away, though I had insufficient clothing and, as it was February, the weather was unspeakably cold. I had to walk fast to keep myself from freezing. After many hours' wandering, I came, hungry, cold and exhausted, to the custom house where I saw a group of laborers unloading a freight car. A colored man, with a kindly face, gave me a'dime to buy something to eat in a lunch room, but it did not satisfy completely the hunger I had. It began to rain again and I felt chilled more and more. I asked the same colored man if he could find me a place to sleep and he agreed to take me to his own home. He gave me some clean clothes, including an American shirt, which I wore with the shirt-tails on the outside, much to the amusement of the young couple.

At supper I did not touch the meat because I was afraid it might be pork, which is not permitted to Mohammedans. After a short period of rest which I had needed greatly, I obtained work as a street cleaner at thirteen cents an hour. Being discouraged at the prospect of becoming wealthy, I decided to leave Philadelphia and wandered to Freeport, Long Island and Garden City Estates, L. 1., until I arrived in New York City.

One Sunday afternoon I came near a group of boys who had been gambling on the bank of the river. They robbed me of some sixty cents, which I had in my vest pocket, but failed to find three or four dollar bills in my coat pocket. I was so terrified with New York

that I left it the next day, finding a job on the Lackawanna Railroad at Analomink, near Stroudsburg. I worked in a stone quarry until the laborers went on strike a few weeks later. 'l'hen I returned once more to New York and was employed by the Erie Railroad to go to Union City to work on the section gang. I was given an old freight car for living headquarters, but one ni~ht was sufficient, as I found there unmentionable creatures ready for a real feast t I was impelled to return to Jamestown and that proved to be the turning point of my life. I found work in a table factory, where my fellow workers became friendly, though sometimes their influence was not of the best. I began to drift away from some of the teachings of my early home life and Mohammedanism. 11:y fellowlaborers told me that liquor was the thing that kept them warm in winter and cool in summer and, once having acquired the taste for it, I began to drink more and more. After a few months, some of the young men asked me to go with them to a night school. One day I saw a man from my own country, and found that he was an agent for the Salada Tea Company earning a very substantial salary each week. He told me I could do the same if I went to 8J school for about three years to learn English. Money was the thing I wanted, but I had no idea where I could get the education. Some Albanian boys in the factory asked me to come to the Y. M. C. A. each Sunday night where they learned something about the Bible, taught in very simple English. I laid aside my religious scruples so as to learn the langllage to help me in business.

One Sunday night, Mr. Baldwin, the leader of the meeting, invited me in his class and gave me a copy of the New 'restament. I had never handled the Bible with such a willingness to learn something about the Book as I did that night. The kind and sympathetic interest of MI'. Baldwin in my affairs led me to open my heart and tell him about my joys and troubles. He had a deep passion for souls and I shall never forget the night when he told me in his gentle way that Christ was the Son of God. To me it sounded utter blasphemy because as a boy I was taught that there was no God but Allah and that he neither begets nor is he begotten. If a similar statement had been made by another person I almost would have been ready to fight with him. When Eastertime came, Mr. Baldwin asked me if I would like to join the Church, but I was by no means ready to accept the Christian faith, then. Night after night at the close of the service he would tell me more about Jesus and about the lost condition of my so111 without Him. Roth he and Mrs. Baldwin kept on praying for me.

One day T asked Mr. Baldwin if tllere was any dtanee for me to go to a school. He said" Surely, thcre is a place wl1ere they take care of boys in your condition and that is Oberlin Academy, Ohio, where one of your Albanian friends entered just recently." The season

FROM MOHAMMED TO CHRIST

was SO far advanced that I could not get in that year, but I made arrangements with some teachers in the town to give me private lessons in grammar and arithmetic. The first year in Oberlin was especially hard because of my unfamiliarity with the language.

The greatest thing that happened to me the next year was my decision for Christ. One night I went to hear Dr. Sherwood Eddy and towards the close of his talk he made an appeal to us to decide what we would do with our lives. I went to my room and struggled to find out what my life was to be. Hitherto I had worshipped gold with all the passion of my heart, but after having been at Oberlin with some of the finest Christian boys and girls of America, I began to realize that money was not everything in life. I saw America's real greatness lay in its ideals and these ideals had for their foundation Christianity, or, to be more definite, Christ. I realized that Hinduism and Mohammedanism were not enough to meet the deepest spiritual and material needs of the land of my birth. I thought of the wretched condition of the millions of outcasts whom I was taught to despise and regard worse than dogs. I realized that if I were to help India truly it must be through Christ. But how could I become a Christian ~ I had been married to a girl in India-my first cousin. Could I be disloyal to the faith of my ancestors, betraying the confidence my mother had in me ~ Would it be worth while to return to India as a Christian, only to be put to death by one of my fanatical fellow-countrymen ~ As I pondered upon these problems certain verses of the Bible came to my help: .

"What shall it profit a man if he gain the whole world and lose his own soul? "

"Seek ye first the kingdom of God and his righteousness, and all these things shall be added unto you."

"He that loveth father and mother more than me is not worthy of me." "He that taketh not his cross and followeth after me is not worthy of me." "He that findeth his life shall lose it, and he that loseth his life for my sake shall find it."

But there was on my heart the burden of sin. The more I read the Bible and studied the matchless and sinless life of Christ, the more I realized how great a sinner I was. But when I learned that the Lord Jesus had come into the world to give His very life on the cross in behalf of sinners, I found new hope and comfort. After waiting on God for some time that night, I rose from my knees, having made a surrender of my life to the will of my Saviour.

Next I went to Mount Hermon School, founded by D. L. Moody. During the junior year, there came to me the sad news of the death of my youuger brother, and my mother urged me to return to India. Soon after this, my only sister died-a victim of child-marriage. I felt it my duty as a Christian to have my marriage to my uncle's

daughter annulled by declaring myself, in a letter to my mother, uncle and the "pope" of our sect, dead to the Moslem faith. ,The word "dead" was taken literally and my girl-wife mourned for me as a widow for the usual period.

After graduating from Mount Hermon School with the class of 1919, I went to Gordon College of Theology and Missions in Boston and received the degree of Bachelor of Theology. In the fall of 1923, I entered Colgate University and was given the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1925. Since then, I have been a student in Princeton Theological Seminary and received the degree of Master of Theology last May. It is now my purpose, God willing, to spend three more years for advanced studies in America and then to return to India in the service of Christ and my fellow countrymen.

It is my prayer that those who have read this story may be encouraged in the faith that Christ can save and save to the utmost; that as He has transformed lives in the past, He can do so in this twentieth century; that when everything else fails, prayers prevail; that with God nothing is impossible. His Spirit can bring even a Mohammedan, a lost sinner like myself, to rejoice in the peace and salvation which Christ alone can give to a human heart.

A MOSLEM PREACHER CONVE:RTED A few years ago a preacher of Islam, sent by a Mohammedan missionary society to Bulandshahr, in the United Provinces, India, was brought under Christian influence. As he read the Bible, a new light seemed to dawn upon him and he began to see the beauty of Christ. He said, "The teachings of Islam, which before this seemed to me most fascinating and which I have hitherto preached with glory, now appear to me abominable." What attracted him specially to study Christianity was the testimony of a worker to the effect that Christ not only forgives sin, but also gives us power to overcome sin. When he was convinced of the infinite superiority of Christ over Mohammed he at once sent in his resignation to the Mohammedan missionary society. A number of moulvies argued with him and tried to dissuade him from becoming a Chl·istian. But the more they tried to dissuade him the more he seemed to be drawn towards Christianity. After several months of study, during which he endured many privations, he was baptized. His one great desire is to dedicate himself to God's true service in His Bon Jesus Christ.-Church Missionary Society Gleaner.

Turkestan

BY G. W. HUNTER, TIWAHFU, SINKIANG Missionary of the China Inland Mission, 1889- CHINESE Turkestan is a large tract of country extending far into Central,Asia, from the province of Kansu (China proper) to the province of Ferghana in Asiatic Russia (a distance of about 1,100 English miles), and from the borders of rribet north to the province of Semipalatinsk in Siberia, a distance of some 560 miles. The total area of Chinese Turkestan is about 550,590 square miles. The T'sien Shan Mountains almost cut this large tract of land in two, thus separating the Taklamakan desert on the south, from the Zungarian plain on the north. The eastern part of the province encloses a great part of the Shamo or Gobi Desert.

The T'ien Shan Mountains and those on the borders of Tibet, Kashmir and Fergahana, almost encircle the Taklamakan Desert, and during the cold seasons of autumn and winter they store up a great supply of snow, which in the spring and summer melts and rushes down in scores of rivers and streams towards this great sea of sand. These valuable waters, however, are not all lost in the sand for they are caught and turned into irrigation canals and water-courses which in turu fertilize the lands of many cities, villages and thousands of farms, in this western portion of the province.

The inhabitants of these cities, villages and farms are called Sarts by the Russians; and Ch'an T'eo by the Chinese. The latter name meaning wrap heads, this name is given them because of their custom of wrapping large white turbans round their heads.

With the exception of the Swedish Missionary Society in the cities of Kashgar, Yangi-Hissar, and Yarkand, in the far west of the province, there are no Protestant Christian missions at work in all this large district. In the above stations, school, medical, literary, evangelistic and pastoral work has been carried on for quite a number of years, sometimes under difficulties, yet not without a measure of success. The above society also has a printing press where portions of Scripture, Christian literature, tracts and school books, etc., are printed.

Pioneer work amongst the Sart people is not at all easy, and some of us have experienced a good deal of opposition and even personal violence when trying to preach the Gospel in some of the large eities. However, many pltrtions of Scripture and tract" have been distributed, and many of the people know about the Gospel. In some iustances this colportage work has heen a belp, and in others it has raised more opposition, especially when the people understood that the Gospel declared that Jesus was the Son of God.

123

In the northwestern portion of Chinese Turkestan, there is a district extending from Barakul westward to Kulja, a distance of some 600 miles. Here also the accumulated snows of the T'ien Shan Mountains melt in summer and swell the rivers which run northward toward Zungaria, supplying large cities, hamlets and fa rms with precious water. There are also many Sarts in this district, still the greater part of the population is composed of Chinese and Chinese Mohammedans. The latter are called Tongans..

In this large district there is only one mission station, at Urum- chi, the capital of the province.

This city is called Tiwahfu by the Chinese. From this center a goo~ deal of itinerant work is carried on; and most of the large cities in the district are visited. Our methods of work have been itiner- ant, colportage, evangelistic and pastoral, together with a little medical work.

The work has been specially difficult, partly owing to the opium habit and gross immorality which prevail so much amongst the peo- ple, along with the rush for gain and the shifting nature of the population.

There are a few baptized Christians here in Urumchi but so AN OLD STYLE MONGOL OFFI CIAL far the church membership is very small. In this district there are not only Chinese and Tongans but also a large number of nomad Qazaq Mohammedans, and Mongols. In the winter time the Qazaqs spread about over Zungaria but in summer they go to the heights of the T'ien Shan, IIi, Tarabaghatai and Altai mountains. -""Ve have also tried to do colportage and evangelistic work amongst the Qazaqs and as a rule (although very wild), we find them more open to the Gospel than are the Sarts and 'fongans. Until some few year s ago they had never had the Scriptures in their own tongue, but lately the British and Foreign Bible Society have come to our aid and printed gospels in the Qazaq dialeet.

M ONGOLS The various tribes of Mongols are Torgut, Zungar, Chukllar and Uranghai. The To.rguts are mostly in the Kal'ashar district and in the Sour and Tarabaghatai mountains. The Zungars are about the

927] CHINESE TURKESTAN

Kash River and in the district west of IIi, the Chakhars at Bortala, northwest of IIi, and the Ul'anghai mostly in the Altai and Kobdo districts. We have tried to do a little itinerant, colportage and medical work amongst the Mongols, and have made quite a few friends amongst them. The British and Foreign Bible Society has supplied us with gospels both in the Kalmuk and Halha Mongol dialects, also in Tibetan which is understood by many of the Mongolian priests.

MANCHUS There are also three different tribes of Manchus in the IIi dis- trict j namely, Manchu, Sipo and Soluen. The Sipo and Soluen are mostly farmers dwelling on the south side of the IIi River and as a l"Ule only speak Manchu. The Manchus are mostly soldiers and policemen in the IIi and Chuguchak cities. Many of them ctm speak ,Chinese though they read Manchu.

'1.'he British and Foreign Bible Society has also printed the Gospels especially for these peo- ple, as they are the only Manchus who still speak their own native tongue.

During the years since the Chinese Republic was inaugurated, the Manchus have suffered finan- cially and otherwise, so that some of the Manchu cities that were for- merly wealthy and prosperous are now in ruins. Owing to the vast extent of this province and the many different tribes and different languages, the few missionaries now in the province are not nearly TO NGAN MOHAMME.DAN adequate for the great need.

'fhere are only two missionaries in the eastern district, separated from those in the west by a hard journey of fort y-five stages, over 1,000 miles in all. The work is difficult and the pioneer will be sure to encounter hardships in traveling, loneliness and opposition, etc., but this is what may be expected in all such pioneer work and should not discourage but rather inspire those who are called by God to service in far-off corners of His vineyard.

A MOTOR BOAT APPROACHING NANl'HNG

N anning-A City in China BY H. LECHMERE CLHvr, FORMERI,Y OF NANNING, WEST RIVER, CHINA nACITY in China is a conglomeration of souls who live their nar- row colorless lives, and whose fathers lived similar existences, before them, century after century. The white man comes from a far country and settles in their midst and tells them a strange story, nineteen hundred years old, and they do not believe him; but in so far as they can make use of him they do. But there are some who seek for the things that matter, and a little church gathers round the Christian missionary in time.

It was such a city to which the writer went nearly twenty years ago, with the idea of preaching the Gospel and,healing the sick. , The American, who was then the only foreign resident, beside the Roman Catholics, gave the Englishman the right hand of fellowship: the stranger had nothing, when he arrived, and did not know where he might that night lay his head: he had no Society and no Board behind him. Before a year had passed the doctor had a temporary hospital with three beds, a well-stocked dispensary, a small chapel, and a Chinese house adapted so that he and his wife could live in it, with comfort. Meanwhile the city, though more than 500 miles from the 126

NANNING-A CITY IN CHINA

coast, had been opened as a Treaty Port, and the doctor was earning a competence as Customs Medical Officer.

This city, Nanning, is now not only advanced to be an open port, but has become the capital of the Province of Kwangsi. Motor boats connect the city with the outside world, as well as with the cities on the borders of Tonkin and Yunnan. Business men have been keen to seize every opportunity open to commerce, but the Church of Ohrist has practically left the few missionaries alone, in a field more needy and neglected than any in China, while opportunities pass never to return. Weare undermanned, overworked and hampered on all sides for want of adequate support.

It seems as if throughout all heathen lands there is the same bitter cry, "Can the Church of Christ do nothing more for a lost world?"

We dare to say that there is no portion of the world more needy than Nanning, eastwards for two hundred, and westwards for six hun- dred miles.

This c.ity, being the capital of Kwangsi, draws students not only from all parts of this province but from the adjoining towns in other provinces as well. These students petitioned the writer again and again to open an English school-they asked him till they were weary and he became ashamed. An Anglo-Chinese college would get into grip with these future leaders of the nation, an<d bring them into touch with Christ as nothing else could; but there are no reinforce- ment to take this wonderful opportunity, and those men pass out of reach, and the missionaries get a reputation for weakness and inef- ficiency. < There are many baby girls born every day, who are "not wanted," and are disposed of by their parents in one way or anoth(jr.

We give public notice that we will take in these castaways: they are brought in readily enough until our inadequate staff can deal with no more, and babies have to be turned away-turned away to what? < We dare not stop to think. The neighbors mutter, "They promise to receive them and then when we bring them they won't have them!

What people!"

A third e~erience and a very bitter one: from the beginning we have desired earnestly to build an asylum for the poor wretched lepers of these parts. This opportunity has gone-how7 Because the lepers have been burnt alive! Impossible! Only too horribly possible. While we Christians were waiting for money and helpers to carry out our scheme of mercy, the Chinese authorities dealt with the problem in their own fashion. If you were to take a walk outside the north gate of the neighboring city of Lungchou, you would come across a mound. Ask the passers-by what it means and they would tell you that that mound covers a ditch with the ashes of more than a hundred lepers, men, women and children. These were enticed to

this spot by promises of rice. The poor lepers came, all unsuspecting, probably several of the children still untainted by the disease. A great ditch had been dug and soldiers were waiting who at a signal surrounded the crowd and fired into them. Dead, wounded, and living were then shoveled into the ditch; kerosene oil was poured over them, and the pile set alight.

This method of segregation in South China has occurred twice. '1'he latest instance was when the leper" village," outside the city, was surrounded, and the inhabitants, men, women, children and babies, forced into a deep trench and similarly burned to death. A THE EMMANUEL MEDIOAL MISSION IN NANNING European resident who knew the facts warned me not to write of them, as he said, "You can't expect the people at home to believe these things."

The larger human problem arrests our attention every day in Nanning. A medley of races jostle one another in the narrow streets: not only representatives from everyone of the eighteen provinces, but others who are not Chinese at all, though they dress as such and appear to be the same. They are the original natives, who were in possession when the Chinese came down a thousand years ago, and who are similar in race to the T 'ai and Shan families who inhabit Tonkin, Siam and Burma. There are millions of these left in Kwangsi, Kweichow and Yunnan, whose evangelization has

1927J NANNING-A C'ITY IN CHINA

hardly been attempted. Their languages and habits are distinctly non-Chinese, and they are on the other hand separate from the Miao and other aboriginees. These millions present the biggest problem that the Church of Christ has to face. An American, the late Rev. Clifton Dodd, who traveled overland from North Siam to Nanning told the writer that he was the first missionary he had encounteredhis whole journey had been through unoccupied, untouched fields. The Christian Alliance Mission has two men in Annam to work among the twenty millions of the T 'ai races there.

We have mapped out our own "parish" as running from Nanning, along the right branch of the West River, to the borders of Yunnan; we have even rented a house in the big "unoccupied" city of Poseh, a great trade mart and future railway center, but our small forces are tied hand and foot to Nanning and we cannot move. There are now in Nanning three British missionaries, four American Christian Alliance workers and six Seventh Day Adventists. Restricted as we are from want of workers we are using to the utmost what forces we have.

But though the doctor cannot get out to the people, as he would like to do, they come to him from hundreds of miles around and listen to what he has to say. Then the sufferers go back to their distant homes with their hearts open to new influences, with ingnorance and prejudice largely removed. The soil has been prepared, and perhaps the people of that village are ready to turn an attentive ear to the Christian message; but who is there to follow up the work, to sow the seed and water iU Our schools have worked miracles. To understand what this means one must know Nanning-its incredible ignorance, prejudice and apathy; but to see all these characteristics in their extreme one would have to live here. These people all speak a corrupt form of Northern Mandarin, being descendants of soldiers from Shantung and Chekiang, who were sent here by the then Emperor nine centuries ago to quell a local rebellion. They settled here with their families, the idea of the government being to form a nucleus of loyal population. If these worthy folk were at all like their descendants of today they must have been quite "safe"-too narrow and apathetic to be disloyal!

The adults are indifferent to the Gospel but what a mighty difference our coming here has made to the children! And yet we have no funds to build a boarding school; and that is almost a necessity for permanent results.

We who know the filth, the sordidness, the brutality of these homes can only marvel at the change in children, who every evening have to go back to their heathen surroundings and take in afresh their soul-destroying influences.

Some of our boys and girls have already a real personal knowl- 4

edge of the Lord Jesus-their dress, their looks, their manner reveal it. Even in the early days, when a few dirty ragamuffins came every morning to learn hymns and get picture cards, there was a dawning of the fact that the teaching of the Lord makes for righteousness: one little girl screaming on the street in one of those frenzies, common to the women of these parts, was seen by a companion, who, wonderful to relate, was shocked and surprised and exclaimed, "and you sing J esus!" It is the children who can understand the beauty and simplicity of the Truth, their minds not yet clouded and shrivelled like those of their elders, by the constant nerve-racking fear of demons. They are excellent missionaries, too, f or they chatter of everything that they hear and observe. Two of our pupils, on a visit to country relatives, were asked questions about the "Doctrine"; this they were delighted to explain according to their light.

There is a great opportunity in Nanning, and indeed throughout China, for the simple preaching of the Gospel of Christ But our buildings are too small to hold our congregations. The people are coming to hear as never before. Even Nanning feels the thrill that is sweeping over China, as the old ideals, habits, methods go; and they are crying out for they know not what. We know. 'Ve have seen the discarded idols broken by the roadside. Nothing but the Living Christ can satisfy China's great need.

MRS. CLIFT AN D A CIDNESE BIBLEWOMAN

Effects of Chinese Turmoil

Missions RECENT REPORTS FROM PROTESTANT MISSIONARY SOCIETIES AS TO TUEIR WORKERS AND STATIONS American Advent M. S.-Chao-hsien (Anhwei). Hospital closed. New station to be opened. Wuhu, (Anhwei). Student strike in academy. Now quiet. Chinese friendly. Church stronger.

American Board C. F. M.-North China Mission (Stations in Chihli, Shansi and Shantung) in war area. Some interruption of work and in touring. Main Chinese attitude friendly. Some disturbance from "Youth Move- ment." In Fukien District. Missionaries robbed by bandits. Some unfriendli- ness. Christians taking more responsibility.

American Baptist F. JI, S.-Only disturbance reported is attack on Prof. George B. 'Cressey of Shanghai while on tour. General attitude of Chinese is friendly.

Amel'ican Bible' Society.-Colporteurs report difficlllty from bandits but therc is progress in Scripture distribution.

American Protestant Episc()pal Missi()n.-Chief disturbance in Nanchang (Kiangsi) and Wuchang (Hupeh). For about six weeks work was suspended except in Wuchang hospital. School and parish house occupied by soldiers during siege. Buildings damaged by shells. Bishop Gilman's work recog- nized by Government. Bishop of Hankow robbed.

American Friends (Ohio)-Kiangsu. No interference. Chinese friendly.

American Friends Bd. F. M.-Chengtu, Szechwan. Some interference. Stu- dent strike. University closed.

British Friends F. M. A.-In Chungking, (Szechwan) last September, soldiers interfered with mission and threatened missionaries. Chinese teacher beaten. Conditions more quiet but stm dfficult. Mob destroyed missionary bungalows during anti-foreign agitation. At Tungling, soldiers threatened missionary. He escaped but home was looted. General attitude of people is friendly.

Rnglish Baptist M. S.-In Taiyuan (Shansi) there was a pupils' strike and number of students was reduced. Christianity considered imperialistic. Sian (Shensi) was besieged for eight months. Mrs. Shorrock died from hardships. Work again opened. Hospital at San Yuan practically destroyed. Fu-Yin-'rsin (a Gospel Village) was occupied by armies and practically destroyed.

British and Foreign Bible Society.-Colportage interrupted in war areafl. All of five hundred colporteurs (except 10 or ]2) are Chinese. No hostility to SocietY'8 work. Two Chinese colporteurs killed by bandits.

Baptist, Southern Conventi()n.-At Wuchow (Kiangsi) hospital was closed for a season. A Chinese worker was maltreated by mob. Some things were stolen and hostility was shown by mob. In most stations friendliness is shown to missionaries.

131

Seventh Day Baptists M. S.-Luiho (Kiangsu) property badly damaged in fighting in September. Missionaries escaped to Shanghai. No unusual hostility shown. Mission not molested.

China Inland Musion.-In Yuanchow (Kiangsi) missionaries were annoyed lind robbed by soldiers. (Kuling station is reported closed.) Tai Kang (Honan) was in hands of bandits July 30 to Aug. 8 and mission looted. Bandits carried off 3,000 people, and shot many. Chowkai Kow (Honan) in hands of bandits in September. City burned with mission houses. Mr. Davies captured but released after three weeks. School girls carried off. Some returned. Pastor beaten and tortured to extort money. Chengtu University (Szechwan) closed. At Luchow (Szechwan) students demanded that all foreigners leave the city. They remained. Chinese Christians are called traitors. In Yunnan, Kweichow, Kansu and other districts work goes on ail usual. General attitude friendly. Wanhsien (Szechwan) buildings occupied temporarily by soldiers. Nanchang (Kiangsi) buildings temporarily occupied by soldiers. Damaged by shells. Sian-fu and Tatung missionaries beseiged many months. Mr. Wilhelm of Yuanchow (Hunan) was captured by bandits but later was released.

Christian and Missionary AUiance.-At Titao (Kansu) the mission was uscd as a Red Cross hospital. In June and July missionaries and Christians were in great danger. Work resumed after occupation by Gen. Feng's army. In Wuchow (Kwangsi) anti-Christian riots led by students. Some dam- age. Fbur missionaries, captured by bandits in 1924, were released. Four Chinese Christians, captured in 1925, released in Jan. 1926. In West China people are friendly.

Church of the Brethren,.-Presence of troops in Shansi caused high prices. Some trouble from students. Rural sections friendly to mission.

Church Missionary Society.-In Fukien, two missionaries were robbed. Rev. B. G. Parsons of Kutien was captured and released. In Pakhoi (Kwangtung) Chinese doctor was captured while traveling. Threatened and held lor ransom. Not released. One college in South China closed. In other sections attitude is friendly. In West China in 1925, Bishop Mowll and wife of Chengtu (Szechwan), Rev. and Mrs. Donnithorne of Anhsien (Szechwan), Miss Carleton, Miss Armfield and Mr. Iles were captured and ransomed for $2,600.

Church of God Mission.-In Kiangsu the attitude of people is friendly but Chinese think they can dispense with foreign missionary workers.

Church of the Nazarene.-At Taming, (Chihli), hospital was occupied after battle, but Government paid for use of building and medical service. At· titude favorable.

Christian Reformed Ch1trch.-Students in Jukao school (North Kiangsu), held protest meeting but were satisfied. Attitude favorable.

Evangelical Church Mission.-At Yuhsien (Hunan), the hospital staff went on strike. All buildings were occupied by soldiers and residences broken into. Some Christians joined southern army. At Liling two residences were broken into by soldiers. At Chaling mission buildings were occupied during the summer. Many unions organized. Work difficult.

SOME EFFECTS 01!' CHINESE TURMOIL ON MlSSIONS

Miss Koebbe of Tungjen (Kweichow) kidnapped in October and held IB days. Other missionaries molested in travel. Missi(mary freight looted.

Hepzibah Faith Mission.-In Chahar District (Mongolia) little interference. In Ping-tu-chuan last October, missionaries suffered a little, from retreating soldiers. Work progressing and interest growing.

Hebron Mission.-At Kunshan and Awong Tung (Kwangtung) no interfer- ence by armies. At Sai Chiu (Kwangtung) student agitation in 1925, but now quiet. Attitude friendly.

United Lutheran Church in America.-Mission station at Tsingtao (Shantung) was crowded with soldiers. Some attended services. Bandits listen to preaching. Attitude friendly.

Evangelical Lutheran (Missouri) .-In Hankow (Hupeh) work was discon- tinued for short time because of warfare. Travel difficult and unsafe. Strong anti-foreign and anti-imperialistic feeling.

Norwegian Lutheran Church of America.-Chengyang and Sihsien (Honan) were molested by bandits and the missionaries compelled to flee. One mis- sionary c!lptured and held four weeks in 1924. Several Christians killed. Mission buildings occupied and damaged. In Kinyang Rev. Daniel Nelson killed by stray bullet on Feb. 9th. In Sianyang (Hupeh) buildings were damaged in fighting. General attitude is friendly.

Lutheran Free Church.-Station at Luyi (Honan) besieged and missionaries were unable to leave the city for two weeks. People friendly.

Mennonite Board F. M.-Kai-chow (Chihli), is in the! war area. Anti-British strike has brought students from British schools which are closed. Hospital cares for wounded. Tamingfu mission compound occupied by refugees. Officials are con- siderate of missionaries. 'l'ravel very difficult.

Mennonite B1'ethren of North America.-Fukien. No special trouble at Engtung and Shanghang. Chinese committee ready to assume responsibility if missionaries should leave.

Mennonite Society of Chi~.-Tsaochow Mission (Shantung), under fire for several days. Missionaries and Christians, not molested last year. Attitude generally friendly.

nfethodist Episcopal Bd. F. 111.-In Central China, mission work in Fukien and Anwhei has been interfered with. In Foochow (Fukien) a mob damaged the Methodist Church and l<~ukien Christian University, which is now closed.

In Nanehang and Kiukiang (Kiangsi) work has been very difficult. Hos- pitals have been crowded with wounded soldiers. Buildings occupied during fighting.

In Chengtu (Szechwan) there have been student strikes which were ad- justed. The university is closed.

Methodist Episcopal, (South) .-At Huchow (Chekiang) refugees and wounded have been cared for in compound and hospital. At Changchow (Kiangsu) soldiers were billeted in school buildings dur- ing holidays. Wounded were cared for in hospital. In Soochow (Kiangsu) refugees were cared for in church and wounded soldiers treated in hospital. The power and prestige of the church increased. The Ka-ding church was destroyed by shell fire. In some

localities, work has been retarded by danger of travel. In general, attitude of people is friendly.

Free Methodist of No. Am.-Mission buildings at Chengchow (Honan) occu- pied by soldiers. Rev. T. S. W. Ryding captured by bandits and released after two weeks. Work going forward with revivals and steady increase.

United Methodist Church, (England) .-In North China (Chihli) mission centers invaded by soldiers. No personal injury. In Yung Ping (Chihli), mission buildings were occupied by soldiers and damaged. Christians were robbed and Chinese medical attendants driven away. In West China (Yunnan) colporteurR were robbed and some were killed. Rev. F. W. Cottrell of Chaotung was held by bandits in 1925 for a few hours and released. In South East China the attitude is friendly but student agitators cause trouble. Native church is assuming more responsibility.

Methodist Protestant.-Mission compound in Kalgan (North China) searched but no loss. Refugees and wounded cared for. Ill-feeling against foreigners. Mission helped by Gen. Feng.

Wesleyan Methodist M. S. (British).-At Liuyang (Hunan) a mob attacked the mission. Missionaries escaped to Changsha. At Fatshan (Kwangtung), the Chinese pastor was threatened and im- prisoned, but released. At Wuchang, (Hupeh), the mission premises were occupied by soldiers and property was left in bad condition. At Hankow (Hupeh) on December 24th, agitators entered the mission and denounced Christianity. The School for Blind was invaded and anti-British literature distributed. An Anti-Christian Society was formed to drive out the missionaries.

Presbyteri<Ln ChUI'ch, U. S. A.-In Shantung Province, bandits make itiner- ation difficult. In Ningpo (Chekiang) and Peking (Chihli), on the whole, the attitude of people is friendly in spite of anti-Christian propaganda. In Chenchow (Hunan), the southern army occupied mission buildings during their march. In Hengchow, there were threats against foreign physician. Some damage was done to buildings. Sheklung (Kwangtung) station in South China was evacuated. Labor strikes, etc., threaten to close the John G. Kerr Hospital for Insane. Kachek and Nadoa (Hainan Island) were evacuated but now are re- opened. Missionaries and Chinese Christians were ill-treated. Gov- ernment students formed mobs. Conditions have improved.

Pre.sbyterian Church in U. S. (South).-In North Kiangsu very little hostility. Relief given and appreciated. In Hangchow (Chekiang), Soochow and Nanking (Kiangsu) some anti- foreign and anti-Christian feeling manifested.

Cumberland Presbyterian.-Strike leaders in Go-tai-kai have taken possession of mission. In general, the Chinese are friendly.

Presbyterian Church of Scotland.-The station at Ichang (Hupeh) reports no interference and attitude friendly. .

Pentecostal Chttl'ch of Canada.-At Tsaap (Kwangsi), the mission was at- tacked. Mr. Williamson escaped but lost all property. From Sainaam (Kwangtung) lVIr. and Mrs. E. J. Morrison fled to Hong. Kong but have now returned. The work is running smoothly.

SOME EFFECTS OF CHINESE TURMOIL ON MISSIONS

Reformed Church in America.-In South Fukien outstations were disturbed by armies. Home of Rev. A. J. Westmass was robbed by bandits and church at Lang-ma was occupied by soldiers, some damage being done. In Amoy district the feeling is friendly. Chinese independence is en- couraged.

Reformed Presbyterian Church in N. A.-At Loting (Kwangtung) South China, some demonstrations reported against the church, but no decrease in attendance at schools. Less opposition now. Increased responsibility put on Chinese.

Swedish Evangelical of America,.-At Kingmen (Hupeh) in September bandits robbed missionaries. Efforts were made to disturb school work. Attitude of people generally friendly.

Scandinavian Alliance of Nodh America.-At Sianfu (Shensi) the work has been interfered with, but the general attitude is reported friendly to the mis- sion.

Finish Free Church Mission (C. 1. M.).-In Kiangsi warfare interferes with missionary travel. Near Yungsin the summer cottages of missionaries and out-station chapels were occupied and damaged by soldiers. General attitude of people is friendly but students staged anti-Christian demonstration.

German Evangelical Protestant Mission.-At Trlingtau (Shangtung), Dr. Seu- fert was twice attacked by robbers, but with(Jut loss.

Schleswig-Holstein Evangelical Lutheran M. S.-At Liuchowfu (Kwangtung), some hostility has been shown. On the whole, attitude is friendly.

United Brethren in Christ.-In Canton (Kwangtung), the Union Middle School was attacked by bandits. Travel is precarious but no injury to mis- sionaries. No unusual hostility to Christian missipns manifested.

United Christian M. S.-No inconvenience or molestation reported in missions of this society in Anhwei, Kiangsu and Szechwan. The attitude of the Chinese is friendly. (Recently missionaries have been recalled from Szechwan.) .'Ifission to Lepers.-Work at Taikam Island (South China) interfered with by stoppage of coastwise commerce. Attitude of people friendly. Work indirectly affected elsewhere.

United Free Gospel M. S.-In June, 1925, two lady missionaries and Chinese worker were robbed on way to Hongkong. Student riots in Kwai hsien and threats of raids and violence. Mission at Pak Nai (Kwangtung) molested.

Woman's Union M. S. (Shanghai).-Attitude friendly. Increased oppor- tunities. Increasing responsibility placed on Chinese.

Yale-in-China.-Changsha (Hunan), Campus occupied by soldiers during vacation. Anti-Christian mOVf1ment active. Student strike. College closed.

Y. W.O. A.-At Chengtu (Szechwan) anti-foreign feeling intense; not anti- Christian.

Y. M. C. A.-At ]'oochow (]'ukien) cable dispatches of January 16th reported that property had been looted by Chinese mobs. Most missionaries have left.

World's Sunday School Ass'n.-Field work seriously interfered with. Bible Institute of Los Angeles.-Evangelistic bands delayed on tours. Con- ditions difficult. Roman Ca,thQUc Missions.-From Szechwan it is reported that priests have been driven out and their missions have been burned. From F(Jochow (Fukien) it was reported on January 16th that all Spanish priests and nuns (except the Bishop) have left for Hong- kong by steamer. Students attacked the Dominican Orphanage, vicarage and church and abducted some of the girls.

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY MISS ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 25 MADISON !'-VENUE, NEW YORK CITY MAKING CHRISTIAN EDUCATION deed, they exhibit to a startling de- IN CHINA MORE CHINESE gree the charm and splendor of a By MRS. T. C. CHU Westerner's life! This is, of course, not Christianity, but has come along Christian education aims at train- with it owing to the influence of their ing the mind of t~e. Chinese youth teache;s, who keep the foreign ways. according to ChrIstian stan~ards. Attracted by the comfort and extrav- agance of this living, the young peo- This is a prodigious tas~. .r wIsh to mention some of the obJectIOns, com- pie regard it as the higher standard monly raised in China, against Chris- and prefer to live in the same way tianity in general, and mission edu- when they are able. I do not con- cation in particular, and to point out demn the missionary, I simply draw the necessity of understandin~ t~e a picture of the Chri.sti.an co~mu­ Chinese situation and the advisabll- nity from the non-Chnstmn Chmese ity of adapting mission education point of view.

more and more to the local needs. On the other hand, there is now a One of the common objections to prevailing feeling am0!1g sO.me mis- mission education is that it denation- sionaries to overemphasIze thmgs and alizes those who receive its instruc- ways Chinese and to exalt almost out ttihoenr~ This accusation is invalid, yet of proportion the position of the Chi- must be reasons for such an im- nese. It seems to me unnatural and pression. The situation could be re!D- rather ridiculous to swing the pendu- edied if the missionary would realIze lum to the other extreme. Virtue and that he is an outsider, taking part in scholarship, rather than racial difl'er- the work of regeneration among the ences, should be made the standard people of another nation. It is he who of merit. From time immemorial, the should adapt himself, not the Chinese. virtuous and the learned have been His primary mission is to impart a considered in China most suitable for spiritual gift., Other matters are rulers and statesmen, as well as lead- relatively unimportant. ers in thought and religion. It is a There is an analogy between school ,good tradition to keep. It also coin- teaching and mission work: in school, cides with the best conception of one instructs the children of other merit in the West. That a foreigner myoeun~'g in mission work, one leads the must be placed in a superior position people of another nation. A because he is a foreigner is as absurd wise teacher trains the pupils to be as that a Chinese must head up an not only good pupils but obedient to institution within the boundary of their parents. A wise missionary China because he is a native. Such should try to make not only good practices may be compatible in the Christians but also citizens useful to sphere of might and gain, but are un- their own nation. In order to ac- becoming to men who concern them- complish this, the missionary should selves with higher things.

be careful of his owu conduct and The second general objection to preaching. He cannot make his stu- mission education is that the gradu- dents patriotic" if he himself spe.aks ates of mission schools and colleges slightingly of the efforts and asplra- are not well-trained in the use of the tions of the Chinese. Chinese language. Since the vernac- The native Christians are sometimes ular has come to be used in writing, criticized for pomp and luxury. In- the Christians are shown in much bet- 136 ter light. Chinese should be the main .tongue in writing. There is no doubt study in the Primary and the High that this is a good movement and Primary schools and should be taught every progressive institution should as carefully and thoroughly as Eng- uphold its cause. But it does not lish is taught in the Elementary mean to discard the classical language Schools in America. In the Middle altogether; on the contrary, the latter School, the importance of the study should be more earnestly pursued, inof English should be only equivalent asmuch as the mission college was to that of French of German in the formerly careless in this respect. The American High School. If the mis- Japanese have a language of their sion school cannot provide better in- own, yet they study Chinese classics struction than heretofore and if only in their colleges. Practically every one of the two languages can be talented Japanese college graduate taught well, let us sacrifice the foreign can compose Chinese essays and language instead of the native. It poems. The Japanese are very pracseems to me, however, not an impos- tical, why do they study our "dead sibility to learn both languages well, language, " the classics being now so if the methods of teaching are im- called by some of our reformers T It proved. is because the Japanese language is derived from the Chinese and is When a student enters college, he closely related in form As well as in should have. mastered the rudiments subst~nce. Certainly, our spoken of the English language and be able tongue is much more akin to the clas- sics than is the Japanese. If one to take the more advanced courses in wishes to write well in Pai Hua, one literature and sciences. Some mis- must be well versed in the classics sion colleges have lowered the English likewise. The Pai H ua literature is requirements, and have conducted still in the process of making, from many of their classes in Chinese, in· which one can find as yet little help cluding philosophy and the sciences. to improve the style. This is another case of going to the opposite extreme. So long as there is A modern Chinese writer in Pai no standardized Chinese terminology H ua must know the classics quite for the sciences, it is more satisfactory well; he should have the command to give such courses in English, un· of one or more foreign languages; he less the professor happens to be an should have natural talent and literauthority on such matters and is a ary ability; he should have resided good translator of scientific books. in the northern provinces for a period of time, preferably in childhood or This leads to another observation, in youthful years. Of the four conviz., the danger of imparting" psuedo ditions, the first is the easiest to obknowledge" instead of "real knowl- tain because it does not depend upon edge." There is a tendency among locality, age or gift of nature; the some mission colleges to be too eager last is the least important. The misin following the fashion of the time. sion colleges can develop the Chinese A certain university is reputed for courses as well as the native schools, good literature courses; the cause for and have more prospect of making such distinction is due to the scholar- success just now, as the latter are ship or the personality of certain mostly in chaotic condition, due to members on the staff of that institu- the lack of funds or to politics. tion. When there are no such eminent men on the staff of the other col- As regards religious education, I leges, it is futile for the latter to wish only the really spiritual men and make the attempt of competing. women to come as preachers or reli- gious teachers. It is almost offensive I have one more suggestion to make to hear a matter-of-fact, materialistic regarding the curriculum of the mis- sermon. It is equally distasteful to sion college, e. g., the matter of Pai- l!ua, or the use of the vernacular

listen to those out-of-date, bygone unruly and less obedient than before tales! The Chinese are it practical but he is also more independent in people, full of common sense, never thinking and more capable of action. very superstitious, but rather skepti- The group consciousness is stronger; cal. To speak with reason in logical cooperation and unity of spirit are and philosophical terms is the best ap- exhibited in the fight for the Qommon proach to the higher classes. To deal good. Those who are teaching and squarely and unpresumptuously is guiding the Chinese youth must uncertain to win the love of all. But derstand his temper, the operations to talk of one thing, yet act in another of his mind, his ambition, feelings and way, is a sure ground for distrust and aspirations, acting more like his comcontempt. Belief is a human quality rades than his elders. He may be exand is deep-rooted iIi man's nature. acting in his estimation of others' When the right call comes, even the merits, and his opinions may be rough man on the street can respond. mainly wrong; nevertheless, it is ·a We are unspeakably miserable in the healthier sign that he thinks in his twentieth century, because the reli- own way and acts according to his gious men are often blind leaders, be- own judgment-he does not fall back ing themselves seldom in communion on his teachers nor follows lavishly, with the spirit. as he used to.

Three groups of people are most rt is, therefore, a much harder task needed here in China as missionaries. to· be a teacher in China now, espe- The first group consists of the pro' cially to be a missionary teacher who fessional men, such as writers, artists, may have to deal with the religion scientists, engineers, doctors, lawyers, and morals of the pupils. But he scholars of all kinds. China is in des- who succeeds in the work can bear perate need of higher learning and witness to the supreme joy and satistechnical knowledge. Through con- faction derived from the labor. tact in work and through personal re- Blessed is he who has a hand in the lations with these individuals, the making of a young life! Let me close Chinese will fathom the depth and with a passage from Meneius: perceive the grandeur of the Western mind. The second group comprises ~'Loving, yet no response,- Search inwardly and examine your bethe men of action, of great charm and nevolence; personality, and of high administra- Rnling, yet without order,- tive ability-leaders of men, who can Search inwardly and examine your wis· shape lives and change the destiny of dom; nations. They do not preach, yet Showing respect to others, yet with no practically in every way they carry return,- Search inwardly and examine your own away their followers in their thinking feeling of respect." and beliefs. The tbird group is the rarest kind among men, I mean the From an editorial in the lkdam. true religious teachers, those who have (Constantinople) July 20, 1926: spiritual insight and wisdom. IJct these do the preaching and win men "In order to be able to illuminate to Christ, while the others carryon this country, in order to wake it up, their kinds of work. The fault in the we must work like the missionaries. past was that a missionary had to act Patient like the missionaries, se1£- like a Jack-of-all-trades and do many sacrificing like the missionaries, posthings which he should not have done. sessing like the missionaries the Since the world is now more and strength of persuasion, like the mismore specialized, let each do his best sionaries combining various kinds of and contribute his special gift to knowledge with the conviction of mankind. heart. When this time comes, it will be our fortune to be successful in 'l'he Chinese youth is worth teach- awaking the people of our land." ing. It is true that he is now more AHMET JEVDET.

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK WEST INDIES' PROGRESS AND Seminary has been inadequately PROBLEMS housed in a rented building, close to By OHARLES S. DETWEILER a noisy highway. A suitable site has From the reports of the Committee on West been purchased near the University of Porto Rico, and plans for a complete ~~~:B·an()J.' f:r~~~ :',;'ii.~()~e~rQe::~:a~i;~~ng()fw~~~ seminary plant have been prepared in that area. Mr. Detweiler. Chairman.

Porto Rico by architects. These estimates call The committee reports notable for $228,000 for the whole project, progress in Porto Rico along two and have been approved by the sevlines. A two-story building for the eral mission boards. '1'he Board of publisl1ing house and bookstore con- Trustees in the United States has also ducted by the Evangelical Union was approved a campaign to raise this completed and occupied during the money. The successful functioning year. This .is advantageously located of this institution and the successful on the principal business street of careers of its graduates, who are now Ponce. It is a self-supporting enter- at work not only in Porto Rico, but prise, not because it has undertaken also in Venezuela and Santo Do- commercial printing, for it has not mingo, constitute a signal missionary had sufficient equipment for this, but achievement. because it has been well managed and At the Annual Meeting of the loyally supported by the seven coop- Evangelical Union of Porto Rico, held erating denominations. Beginning in November, 1925, among other rec- from July the Puel-to Rir;o Evangel- ommendations were two that are ico, the paper representing all of worthy of being brought to the atten- these denominations, has become a tion of a larger body. (1) That in weekly, without reducing its size. To view of the depressing economic con- make this possible it was necessary to ditions in these fields Christian mis- set apart an editor for full time serv- sions seek some way of introducing ice. .At the request of the editorial new industries that will give employ- committee the Baptist Mission re- ment to idle hands and form the basis leased one of its pastors, who now be- for the development of sel£-support- comes the representative of all the ing churches. (2) That steps be evangelicals, supported from a com- taken to furnish the Spanish-speak- mon fund. ing churches with a hymnal. The The second cooperative enterprise West Indies Committee is glad to sec- that gives enconraging results is the ond these recommendations. The Evangelical Seminary, supported by problem of improving the economic the same denominations. It offers its condition of our church members in students a standard three-year course the West Indies is not easily solved.

leading to the degree of Bachelor of The Committee is unIted, however, in Theology, its credits being accepted thinking that it deserves serious at full value by the principal semi- study. The provision of a Spanish naries of the United States. Of the hymnal for evangelical churches thirty-nine students for 1926-27, eight. ought not to be difficult nor long de- are Baptistl';, three Congregational- layed. Most of the churches are now ists, seven Disciples, six Methodists, using a small collection of songs which thirteen Presbyterians, and two are inferior and unsatisfactory.

United Brethren. For seven years the There ought to be available a hymn 139

book or more dignity and of a wider the Methodist, Presbyterian and range or sentiment. United Brethren Mission Boards. The work in both of these republics Little progresR has been made to- is proceeding steadily forward. The ward solving the urgent economic north side of the island is effectively problem. Unemployment is chronic occupied by the General Mission and widespread and the poverty is Board of the Free Methodists. most depressing. In recent years there has been a great development The Board for Christian Work in or the needle-work industry, which Santo Domingo, supported by the has brought some relief in opening up Methodists, Presbyterians. and United new avenues or gain, but already New Brethren, now has well organized York contractors are introducing the work in five centers, including the sweat-shop system. capital, and outstations in several smaller places. Besides an evangeli- Cuba cal program, there are day scnools in four of these centers and a hospital It is no small achievement under and social center in the capital. the conditions that prevail in Cuba, for the committee to report that Rev. The unity of the work is. shown by Sylvester Jones has been continued the fact that the six workers sent another year as a Secretary for Co- from the United States represent five operation in Cuba. Of the six Prot- different denominations and three estant bodies at work in Cuba, only workers from Porto Rico represent three are as yet ready ror coopera- three communions. Americans, Engtion, and one or these three is the lish and Porto Ricans make the staff smallest of all, while the other two also international. 'l'he support of are separated geographically by six the work comes not only from various hundred miles. In addition to the Home Mission Boards in this counthree cooperating Missions, the Inter- try, but from the united churches of national Association of Daily Vaca- Porto Rico and most healthy contrition Bible Schools has contributed butions from the young churches in something to Mr. Jones's budget. His Santo Domingo. Half of the $24,000 work thus includes the promotion of budget of the hospital was raised on Vacation Schools, as well as the man- the field. A hospital building is uragement of a Union Book Store in gently needed, the present rented Havana and of a monthly paper rep- quarters being entirely inadequate resenting two of the Missions. In ad- ror the great opportunities presented dition to these tasks Mr. and Mrs. in a country where medical work is so .Jones have been leaders in temper- greatly needed. A block of land has ance work, largely through the agency been purchased and the Board hopes of the W. C. T. U. It is worth while to raise the money this year for the to have in tIle capital of Cuba; a first unit. spokesman for all the denominationR, but it is to be regretted that nBt all of The beginnings of an industrial the Missions recognize the value of mission have been made in the inteconcerted action along certain lines rior of the island. Work for boys and in order to demonstrate to the world girls has attracted the attention and the spiritual unity of Christ's fol- cooperation of some of the outstandlowers. ing Dominicans. The budget of the Santo Domingo Board this year was Santo Domingo and Haiti about $57,000. The membership of other denominational Home Mission By common agreement primary re- Boards is earnestly desired for this sponsibility ror the evangelization of united work. Haiti has been assigned to Northern Baptists, and for the south side of The American Baptist Home Misthe island of Santo Domingo to a sion Society has accepted primary re- Board composed of representatives of sponsibility for the French-speaking

WOMAN '8 HOME MISSION BULLETIN

part of the island of Santo Domingo. can be held in Havana, San Juan and Its Mission has been established in the Santo Domingo City. northern part only. It has not yet occupied the capital, but in the south Neglected problems arc at onr doors, it is helping to support an educational such as the gradual economic decline institution under Haitian Baptist of the West Indies coincident with control. The headquarters of its Mis- the growth of great corporations that sion is in Cap Haitien, where it has exploit their natural resources, and purchased a home for its missionary the impossibility of developing such Huperintendent. Also during the fundamental institutions as the home, year it provided funds for the re- the church and the school where unbuilding of the Baptist house which employment is a chronic social malhad been destroyed many years ago, ady. In this connection it is interestand whose ruined walls had long been ing to note that The American Fund a reproach to the Protestant cause. for Public Service has recently un- It now reports eight organized dertaken an investigation of the rechurches, two foreign ordained mis- sults of American investments in the sionaries, and fifteen Haitian work- West Indies, beginning in Cuba. ers, including school teachers, in nine Also, the International Institute of primary schools. Best of all, the es- Teachers College, New York, at the tablishment of this Mission has invitation of the Government of brought new' courage to the scattered Porto Rico has undertaken an educaand neglected Protestant groups in tional survey of the island. the north of Haiti, and has promoted their spiritUal solidarity. From the standpoint of missionary administration there are important Conferences questions. Conditions have changed since the time of the Panama Con- It was the original purpose of the gress on Christian Work. The stand- Committee on Cooperation in Latin ards of the ministry in Cuba and America to hold two large conferences Porto Rico are higher; there are more on Christian work, the first one to men able to take positions of leadercover the continent of South Amer- ship, making our Missions less deica, and the other a year later to em- pendent upon missionaries from the brace Mexico and the countries of the States; and, finally, the churches have Caribbean. In fulfillment of this plan been growing in liberality, and givno sooner was the Montevideo CGn" ing promise of attaining soon to se1£- gress organized than measures were support. Indeed self-support is the taken to prepare for the second one in leading issue before our mission Mexico City. Conditions made it churches, and it deserves our most seem unwise to hold a conference for sympathetic study. Then there are the northern countries. unoccupied fields in Cuba, Santo Domingo and Haiti; and there are The Committee on West Indies has French islands altogether unevangelcome to the conclusion that it is better ized whose needs should be brought to to have conferences in various coun- our attention. There are in some of tries rather than a general West In- the islands abandoned, pastorless, dies Conference. It is therefore rec- English-speaking churches concernommending a conference for Porto ing which the facts ought to be known. Rico next summer in connection with Also, there are moral conditions the Summer Institute, and a confer- which can be little altered except by ence in Cuba to bring the national governmental action. The West Inworkers into closer fellowship. Steps dies, aside from Porto Rico, have have also been taken to arrange for a been the object of little study on the West Indies Cruise for friends of part of American and English Chris- Protestant missions in the early part tians; and it is time that they be of 1928, with the hope that in con- carefully considered. nection with this cruise conferences

FROM MANY

CHINA AND TIBET Hearts were very tender and wills were strengthened as we rDse frDm that mDst A Chinese Christian Daily uniting fellowship in prayer and meditatiDn.

THE Chinese Christians in the city The work. Df this Council meeting has been of Chungking, West China, are dDne w,th,n thDse who. were present and this editing and publishing a daily news- IS the grDund Df Dur assnranee that it will paper which bids fair to become one go <Ill.

of the largest dailies in that part of Chinese Christian Endeavorers China. The editors are trying to circulate only reliable news. They have T HE first Christian Endeavor soas reporters the pastors and the mem- ciety in China was organized in bers of the Christian churches 1885. Last year the fortieth anniverthroughout the province. Occasion- sary of its founding was celebrated ally, there are sermons and special with great rejoicing. A whole year was to be devoted to an increase camfeature articles on some phase of paign. At the beginning of the year Christian life, activity, or social wel- there were about 1,200 Christian Enfare. The Christians of Chungking deavor societies listed in China. At organized to publish this paper be- the end of the year the numbers had cause they found that their activities grown to 2,500 in spite of troubled were not being truthfully presented times. Missionaries find that Chrissince anti-Christian forces often con- tian Endeavor is a great help in the trol the other Chinese newspapers. schools in China. Miss A. N. Johann- National Christian Conncil son, of the China Inland Mission, SOME outstanding features of the writes that Christian Endeavor makes annual meeting of this important body, held last autumn, are thus de- the young people feel that they have scribed by Dr. Henry T. Hodgkin in the American Friend: "No previous to walk carefully. It helps them in meeting of the Council has been so significant. Beginning with a frank their study of the Bible, and it teaches consideration of the present need of China and the inadequacy of the them to pray. It gives them the mis- Christian Church in facing that need, we found ourselves seeking with great sionary spirit. The Endeavorers in determination for the true remedy. One voice after another called us back the school to which she belongs even to Christ's way for human life…. Nothing was more remarkable than send donations to missions outside of the growing power of Chinese leader- China. Some of the girls have been trained as nurses and teachers and many of the boys have gone o'ut of school to witness for Christ in their heathen thhoismsecsh. ooSl osmaveedyeaarlsittalO~'obatbhye boys in girl and cared for her for three years 0r more.

ship. The largest part of the speaking was by Chinese. The work behind A Ricksha Coolie's Devotion the scenes was mostly done by them. WHEN a twelve-year-old boy was The creative thinking of several was pres.ented for baptism in Hang- most marked." chow, hiS father, a Christian who Of the concluding meeting, con- pulls rickshas for a living, was asked ducted by the newly appointed Gen- to tell the committee what sort of eral Secretary, Dr. C. Y. Cheng, Dr. training the boy could expect. In a Hodgkin says: simple way the coolie father ex- 142 plained that although neither he nor of Christianity to European Civiliza- hiEl wife could read, they had spnt the tion in the Middle Ages'; and most hoy to, school,- so that every morning of it helping in our American- before he took out his ricksha he gath- Board'li country work at Changsin- ered the family together, the little tiel1. He haH conducted a free hoy read a chapter from the Bible school, for which he and the other and he prayed for the children, for teachers did also the buying and cook- the wife and for himself, that he ing, there being no servants employed might be delivered through the day -a rare thing in China. He also from the sins to which ricksha pullers preached, and, being a Fukienese, was are particularly exposed. On Sun- quite happy that in spite of his dif- day he takes his ricksha out only long ficulty in using tpe Northern dialect, enough to earn the rent for the day. the people willingly listened to his When the rental has been secured, he preaching. He writes on this point: takes no more fares, but goes directly 'Some of the listeners say that their home, and should the last fare pay a understanding of my speech is per- few more coppers than the actual haps due to the aid of the Holy Spirit rental, he does not regard this as his in the speaker. But I ascribe it to own, but adds it to his contribution the Holy Spirit working through the for the day to the Lord '8 work. listeners' instinct of curiosity.' Does Going to School in a. Flood not this show humility and discern- ment, a true Christian spirit?" ONE of the seniors in the True Light School in Canton, is quoted Chinese Gifts for Bible Schools as follows: "My sister and I have al- T ways had a school during vacation;· IlE Southern Methodist mission- aries at Wusih, Kiangsu Province, we could care for thirty, but a hundred pupils came. Once there was a report: "Our voluntary Sundaygreat flood, but we did not hear of it school was the outstanding spiritual hecause our house was on high success of the term. On the first three ground. The pupils said nothing of Sundays we had only two Chinese it. One day the parents came, say- students to attend, one a Christian ing, 'Please we have had a flood. and the other a non-Christian. But May our children stay home for a few we persevered, and after that time we days to help us l' Then we learned had a steady attendance of from that our pupils had walked every day seven to nine. Two classes were through water up to their necks to the taught, one in the meaning of Chrishigh ground, carrying dry clothes on tianity by Mr. John Chu and the their heads. There on the hillside the other in the Gospel of Matthew. little girls surrounded each girl in Through the Sunday-school we took turn while she changed into her dry up subscriptions for the Daily Vacaclothes. The wet things were left on tion Bible School movement. The the hillside to dry until time to go students gave approximately thirteen home. Do you see why I wish to dollars, and the teachers brought the sum up to twenty dollars. Nearly teach in my village T' , every student in the school gave True Christian Humility something, and considering the fact PHILIPPE DE VARGAS, Ph.D., that less than twenty per cent of them a member of the faculty of Yen- were Christians we felt much encourching University, Peking, sends this aged. Of course this gift by our stu- item to The Missionary Herald: "Mr. dents was largely an expression of Yang Ch 'ang-tung, a theological stu- nationalism, as they felt that they dent in Yenching University (Peking were thus doing something for the University), has spent part of the illiterate masses of their own people, summer vacation working on his but the significant fact about it was thesis on 'Some of the Contributions that they were willing to cooperate

with the Daily Vacation Bible School The church has about eighty members, the movement, which is essentially Chris- school one hundred and twenty pupils, the tian. " orphanage seventy boys and girlS, and the hospital is serving many people froni over a Leadership in Indo-Ohina wide area. There have been a number of other groups than our own at various places THE Christian and Missionary Al- near the Tibetan border, who have done ear- liance conducts work in Indo- nest work as they llave waited for Tibet to China from which encouraging open. This work, however, has suffered reports have come. One missionary many changes, and has not, as a rule, been writes: "The spirit among the native so established and equipped as to be of a preachers and Bible women, also col- permanent nature. The work at Batang, porteurs, is excellent, and I have however, is looked upon both by other misgreatly enjoyed the spiritual fellow- sionaries and travelers in Tibet as an earship with these native brethren. They nest and substantial effort to establish really are our spiritual children, and most permanent work among the Tibetans themof them are still very young in Chris- selves. We have a real base with the foun· tian service, but I praise God for the dations which abide, in ehurch, sehool, marked growth in spiritual leader- orphanage and hospital work, as well as exship among these native workers. cellent equipment. Since my return to the field, this evident blessing on the native leaders has St. Mark in Tibetan greatly increased my faith in the future of the native Church in this T IBETAN books are printed from land. . . . At Sadec, Caolanh and wooden blocks on very fine buff- Cantho steps are being taken by the colored paper manufactured in the native Christians to erect their own country from the bark of a certain church buildings, and we believe that shrub. The pages are long and narwithin another year the mission will row. They are not bound into a not have to pay rents for the work in volume, but lie loosely one above anthese places. After red-hot persecu- .other. When not in use, the leaves tion and real opposition by local na- are enclosed in two wooden slabs, tive officials at Caitauha, God has which are often finely carved, and tied made a way where there seemed to be with silk ribbons_ The whole is no way. An old man eighty-one years wrapped in a beautifully embroidered of age gave hisi home for a chapel, silk cover. The sacred books of Tibet, and God has started a revival, in that produced in this way, are regarded place, which I think will result in the with the greatest reverence. A lady salvation of hundreds of souls this missionary working on the borders of coming year. " Tibet suggested to the British and Foreign Bible Society that a part of Disoiples' Tibetan Mission the New Testament should be pro- duced in Tibetan style_ "This," re- SECRETARY Stephen J. Corey, of ports the Society, "has now been the United Christian Missionary done. St. Mark has assumed a dress Society (Disciples), writes of the which will make a strong appeal to plans which the Society had made to the Tibetans. They will be led from open a new station at Yengin, five the attractive appearance to the condays' journey from Batang, the place tents, which are still more attractive, on the Tibetan border made famous and we hope that many of them will in missionary annals by the late Dr. be led to the Lord Himself." Shelton. The carrying out of these plans has been postponed, because, in JAPAN-KOREA view of the troubles in West China, the American Government would not A, Ja.panese on the Spiritual Outlook consent. He says of the work in Batang: T HE Counsellor of the Japanese Embassy in Washington, Mr. Setsuzo Sawada, contributes an inter- esting article to The Living Church on the spiritual outlook in Japan. He points out some ways in which Chris-

1927J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

tian ideas "have influenced Japan's ent budget. For some reason the pro- thought life tremendously." But he portion of persons joining the reading says that both the World War and club has fallen from about twenty the Japanese exclusion clause in the per cent to about fourteen per cent.

Immigration Act "have forced many However, we have 495 members who of the serious-minded among his are reading books and being in- countrymen to question the sincerity structed. A number have recently of the profession of Christianity." begun the correspondence eourse in He continues: Bible instruction."

"But perhaps this may prove to be, eventually, no real loss. There was a Buddhist Missionaries to America time when people embraced this faith AN INTERVIEW wit h Count mostly for the reason that it was Ii. Otani, abbot of one of the most widely exercised in advanced nations. To them the faith was a borrowed influential and progressive Buddhist one, if I may say so, but these gigantic sects, appeared in the Japan Adverevents transpiring in the Christian tiser, and was thus quoted in the New countries of the world have forced our York World: earnest Christians to distinguish Christianity as a real religion from :MallY Americans, in the midst of their husy lives, need the peaee and tranquillity offered them by the religious philosophy of that of an agent of the material civi- Buddhism, .Japanese adherents of that faith lization of the West. It may be said believe, and plans are being formed to send that to them the faith has become personal and indigenous. Thus the to the UnitBd States many missionaries to extend the work· there to white men. AI· ready a llu]nbe.r of missionaries are there, deeper meaning of Christianity is but their efforts are confined largely to work now being sounded by learned souls among Amcrkan-oorn .Japanese. Count among our Christians." Otani, who visited Westel'll nations last year and was give"n a warm we1conw l;y those of all religions, does not Yisualize Results of Newspa.per Evangelism Buddhism as supplanting Christianity in the West, but he beli(wes that need for his faith REY. CLARENCE E. NORMAN, exists among Americans and his sect is of Fuknoka, Japan, who has been called upon to meet the need ….. . in charge of the work of newspaper evangelism which Rev. Albertus Pie- He hopes that a number of Americans and Europeans interested in Buddhism will come to Japan and study the religion and ters began so successfully, reports of offers to provide quarters for them and aid the present methods: "Since the be- in paying their expenses.

ginning of April there has appeared every Sunday morning in the western Demands of Korea's New Day R edition of the Osaka Mainichi, which EV. ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL, ·who returned to Kangkei, Korea, is circulated principally in the island of Kyushu, a five or six inch adver- after a prolonged furlough, writes of tisement of Scripture truth. They the amazing changes in the town since are easily noticed, and a number of he first went to it in 1917. He says, people have informed us that they "It is fast waking up to the twentieth read them every Sunday. The space century. . . . The external changes is small-too small, in fact, to explain are but the visible symbols of the and apply the Bible, text, but still it greater changes that have taken in is enough to call people's attention the living and thinking of the people.

to the message of salvation. And it They are further a reminder of the may be that because the articles are still greater changes which are com- short many more people read them ing in the next decade, and quarter than would otherwise. In these three century, when the thousands of chil- months there have been over 750 ap- dren now in the government schools plications for free tracts. This makes are men and women, engaged in their an average of 250 monthly, which is regular life callings. The importance all we can take care of with our pres- of Christian education becomes more S

apparent. 'Ve must have educated the rural work in Korea to be spiritleaders in the Church of the future ual, cultural and economic. We shall -not only the pastors but the lay- seek first to help men to live in right men. The boys who will be the lead- relations with God and with each ers must now receive spiritual train- other and to realize the spiritual ing. " values in their daily tasks. We shall endeavor to eliminate illiteracy in the Kwangju Sunday-School Growth villages and to stimulate such other educational processes as may prove THE rapid development and the ef- suited to the needs of the agricultural fective work of the Sunday-schools population. We shall promote better in and around Kwangju, Korea, was economic conditions, through imdescribed in the August, 1926, RE- proved farming methods, the develop- VIEW. A reeent article in the Korea tricnt of household and village in- M?'ssi01t Field states that the number dustries, and legitimate and brotherly of schools has increased from one to expressions of the cooperative spirit. " forty-five and the average attendance from 100 to 2,900. It continues: ISLANDS OF THE SEA "At first the work of each extension Sunday-school was directed by the Training Papuan Preachers' Wives missionary who personally secured the money necessary to carry it on. FOR the past twenty-five years the However, the work grew so tremen- Methodist Missionary Society of dously that the need for a central or- Australasia has conducted at Salamo, ganization of some kind became Papua, a training school for pastors apparent, to unify the courses of and teachers. Some of them are acstudy, to train teachers, to handle companied by their wives, of whom funds and to supervise the work gen- Miss Molly Hodge writes: "Some of erally. ~~fter experimenting for the these women who come from mission past few years with several forms of stations where they have attended organization the Kwangju Sunday- school are fairly well advanced, oth- School Association, in its present ers are unable to read or write. The form, was finally organized in 1926. curriculum includes English, arith- It is gratifying to be able to report metic, writing, Old and New Testathat this organization is composed al- ment history, catechism, hygiene and most entirely of Koreans, who have geography. A government examinapractically taken charge of the Sun- tion is held each year. Twenty-three day-school work." married women sat for this in Janu- ary last, of whom twenty passed. At Rural Y. M. C. A. for Korea the end of last year, twelve of our students and their wives, on complet- ONLY very recently the Y. M. C. ing their training, were appointed as A. has made plans to reach the teachers and preachers. Several enyoung men and boys in rural com- couraging letters have been received munities in Korea (of which there from these women, telling how they are said to be over 26,000). The As- have assisted their husbands in the sociation recognizes that these young village schools and Sunday-school. men are in special need of help in per- 'l'hen, too, they are the leaders of the sonal and social development. The women's class meetings, and at times, National Council of the Y. M. C. A. when illness has prevented their husin Korea hopes to assist in dispelling bands from taking a Sunday service, literary blindness, and to bring in they have filled the breach." economic encouragement and moral discipline to the young men and boys Filipino Endeavorers in Prison in the villages of Korea. Frank M. Brockman, the Secretary, writes: CHRISTIAN Endeavor societies in "We conceive the main objectives of prisons in America are fairly common, but it is rare news to learn

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

of a society in the prison at Batangas, work Mr. Murphy enjoyed the co- Philippine Islands. In the town operation of Hawaiian missionary and there is a large society which con- religious organizations. Public school ducts a regular weekly service in the officials, teachers and the leaders of prison, and many of the prisoners Christian young people's societies also have professed conversion. Accord- gave valuable assistance. Many older ing to the testimony of the warden Japanese, who are Buddhists, bought and guards, the Endeavor services are English New Testaments for their aiding greatly in creating a new spirit American-born children. The sales in the prison. The prison Endeavor- exceeded by more than 2,000 Testaers hold their own prayer services ments the goal which had been set every morning and evening. The for the campaign. leader of these services is a stonecutter who is serving a sentence in NORTH AMERICA prison.-World Call. Federal Conncil Executives Moros a.t a Student Conference T HE general theme of the meeting T HE first student conference in of the Executive Committee of the the southern Philippines was held Federal Council of Churches, which recently in Mindanao. It is thus de- was held in Minneapolis December 8scribed by .E. S. Turner: "As I 10, 1926, was" How to Make Church glanced over the heads of the audi- Cooperation Real and VitaL in the ence of 120 people I saw here and Community." Action, however, was there the picturesque turbans of Moro taken on various questions of both students. I soon learned that there national and international signifiwere sixty-seven regular delegates, cance. It was voted, for instance, twelve of them Mohammedans . . . that the Committee on Church and Such a conference held annually Social Service undertake a study of would mean much in developing the whole question of marriage and right relations between the Christian divorce in the United States. Strong and Mohammedan Filipinos, in bring- resolutions were adopted in support ing the claims of Christ to bear upon of prohibition and in favor of parthe leaders of Islam in the Philip- ticipation by the United States in the pines, and in preparing the way for Vorld Court. The Council was practhe spread of the Association Move- tically unanimous in its opposition to ment in this island, which is probably war, and especially to war over propthe neediest of all in the archipelago. erty interests. The State Department . . . Many of the students at the eon- was urged to find a method of peace ference pledged to give themselves to for the settlement of our controversies Christ, and under His leadership to with JV[exico. work to win the Moros to a life of peace and righteousness. We expect Women and Interracial Problems this conference to be a forerunner of a great program of play, education EMPHASIZING the need for more and character building. 'We must human relationships between enter this great door of activity." white and colored women, the Con- tinuation Committee of the Inter- Bible Campaign in Hawaii racial Conference of Church Women has made public its findings for con- ACAMPAIGN to place 5,000 New structive measures for creating good- Testaments in the hands of Amer- will between them. At the conference ican-born Japanese in the Hawaiian held at Eagles Mere, Pa., which was Islands was recently promoted by the attended by white and Negro women Pacific Agency of the American Bible from both the South and the North, Society through its representative, this Continuation Committee was ap- Rev. U. G. Murphy of Seattle. In this pointed to study the various recom- mendations made and to publish them as "findings" to go to church women

throughout the country as a working Henry Sloane Coffin of New York program. "Realizing that inter- City; Dr. Reinhold Niebuhr of De- racial action must be preceded by in- troit, and Rev. Charles W. Gilkey of terracial thinking," says the state- Chicago. ment' ., we find that the women of our churches need to learn to work with The conference opened with an ad- rather than for the Negro. We be- dress by A. Bruce Curry on "Where lieve that existing church organiza- Students Are and Why." The en- tions constitute the best channel for tire conferance was divided into fifty creating this attitude. " It was urged different discussion groups during that more stress be laid on educational the following days. and recreational facilities in small towns and rural communities. Forced Episcopal Bishops' Crusade housing segregation was condemned as unspiritual and undemocratic. THE General Convention of the Church women were urged to take a Protestant Episcopal Church at definite stand against such segrega- its meeting in New Orleans took up tion in their community. In regard the matter of evangelism in earnest, to lynching, the church women urged created a strong Commission on Evanthat ., preventive measures against gelism, and put at its head Dr. James lynching be adopted, and that ready E. Freeman, the Bishop of Washingcooperation be given those in control ton. A church-wide movement reof such situations; that an open sulted which is known as the Bishops' forum be secured in the daily papers Crusade. The working plans of tht' and press generally, to create right Comm:ssion include a six-days' Crupublic opinion." sade in each diocese, the entire Cru- ~ade to take place between January 6 National Student Conference and March 1, 1927.

ABOUT three thousand students of The Spirit of "7Ifissions thus inter- American Christian Associations, prets the meaning of the movement: and some two hundred and fifty young people from foreign countries, The Crusade is to be much more than a spent the last five days of the holiday series of conferences and meetings. It is season (Dec. 28 to Jan. 1) in confer- to be a mass attack against the power of ence at .ifilwaukee. They journeyed spiritual inertia, and to succeed, its aims, from everv state in the Union to at- methods and objectives must be carried to tend tlle National Student Conference every individual communicant of the Church. under the auspices of the National To this end parishes are being organized Council of Christian Associations of into groups for prayer and study, and as the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. the inspiration of the Crusade carries through to the hearts of the people, memo These undergraduate young men bel'S of these groups arc to become what and young women representing prac- Christians fundamentally must be, evan· tically every important college and gelists, exercising the Christian's privilege university in the United States con- and duty of carrying the Gospel to the sidered the theme, "What Resources world outside the Church. Has Jesus for Life in Our World f" This is the first time that these two A $1,000 Prize Offered intercollegiate bodies have thus united. Rev. G. A. Studdert Ken- T HE Foreign IHission Board of the nedy ("Woodbine Willie"), Chaplain SoutllCrn Baptist COJlvention to His Majesty, King George, and offers a. prize of one thousand dollars Rector of St. Edmund's Church, for the best manuscript on the theme, London, was one of the speakers. "Evangelical Christianity an Alter- Among others were the Rev. T. T. native for a Lost or Decaying Reli- Lew, a Chinese from Peking; Dr. G. gious Faith." This essay should be G. Kullman of Switzerland; Dr. between forty thousand and sixty thousand words in length. Three copies of the manuscript must be sent to the Foreign Missions Board of the Southern Baptist Convention, Rich- mond, Virginia, not later than

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

.Tanuary 1, 1928. They must be sub- ing men of this Assembly and the mitted anonymously, accompanied by thinking men of Mexico believe in and a letter giving the name of the author. love the Christ! I know of nothing For further information write to Rev. more beautiful, more revolutionary, .T. F. Love, Secretary, Richmond, more moving, more holy, or more pro- Virginia, U. S. A. gressive than the Gospel of Christ.

. . . The revolutionary party would "China. Around the Corner" like to see all Catholics become Chris- T HIS phrase is used by The Con- tian once more and we ourselves gregatiorwlist in calling attention would like to be better Christians. to the importance of reaching with We who constitute the revolutionary the Christian message Chinese in this party would rise above our past failcountry who are engaged in laundry ures-for along with the great things work and similar occupations. For we have done we have sinned-and many years a devoted group of ear- there is but one Person who can save nest men and women have been main- us, namely, .Tesus our Lord! Oh, taining Chinese Sunday-schools in would that the revolutionary party various churches of all denominations, had the courage to raise high His teaching eager pupils to read English, banner I"~ helping them to adapt themselves to American customs and institutions, Evangelical Seminary, Porto Rico T and winning them to the Christian HIS union theological institution serves the EvangelIcal churches in life. Recently a convention of the Chinese Sunday School Workers Porto Rico, Santo Domingo and Union of New England was held in Venezuela. This year there are Roxbury, Mass. JUrs. ~Iartha Henry, thirty-nine students preparing for president of the Union, states that the Christian ministry. Of these, their work could be greatly extended eight are Baptists, three are Congreif thev had more volunteer teachers. gationalists, seven are Disciples, six No technical training is necessary in are Methodists. thirteen are Presbyorder to teach in these schools, still terians and two are United Brethren. less a knowledge of the Chinese lan- In Porto Rico there is a well-estabguage. A chapel in Canton, China, lished plan of interdenominational has been erected by the gifts of Chinese in America, pupils in Chinese mission work, with a division of ter- Sunday-schools. These same pupils ritory by agreemrnt to prevent over- help support a Bible woman with lapping and to direct cooperation. • headquarters at this chapel. There is a Union Chnrch in San .Tose, an evangelical seminary and a book- storr in Ponce. The Committee on LATIN AMERICA Cooperation has a secretary, Mr.

Christ in Mexico's Congress Drury, and the Union Seminary has DEPUTY Antonio Diaz Soto y for its president Dr. James A. Mc- Gama recently made a speech iit Allister who has been in Porto Rico the Mexican Congress in which he de- for a ([uarter of a century.

nied the allegation that the present Thr seminary (founded in 1919), revolutionary movement aims at the owns land val~ed at *30,500, but is – "nnchristianization" of Mexico. He greatly in need of buildings. At said: "I shall close mv discourse and present it is housed in a rented house I wish to open it by" honoring that on the main highway. The plans ap- holy Name which the Church has for- proved by the mission boards call f()r gotten-namely, Jesus the Christ. $228.000 to complete the project-in- And in naming His Name I am cer- cluding recitation hall, dormitories, tain that I have the sympathy and chapel, profes~ors' residences, land hearty endorsement of each member and general equipment.

of this august body. . . . The think- "Porto Rico for Christ" is the

motto on which all the denominations The neighbors of this woman would unite. As the Boards cannot supply not pass her house lest fire fall from the funds for the completion of the heaven upon them, according to the seminary buildings, the money must warning of the priest. That woman be given by friends in America. today is mother and grandmother of twentv believers who are the center League to Combat Illiteracy and strength of this group. She has H C. TUCKER, Secretary of the burned her innumerable idols and in • Brazilian Agency of the Ameri- their place are found gospel invitacan Bible Society, writes in the tion verses. "

Ch /·istian Observer: "Seventy-five per cent of the population of Brazil Weekly Pay…ents for a Bible R is. illiterate, according to a recent fed-EV. GEORGE P. HOWARD, Field Secretary in Argentina for eral census. And this in one of the civilized countries of the world! the -World's Sunday-School Associa- What is the Brazilian Government tion, writes of an institute held in doing in the way of providing educa- Buenos -,-'ires for Sunday-school tional facilities for illiterate adults V work where he had an exhibit of the At present, the federal, state and mu- available literature and helps for nicipal resources available for educa- teachers. and Christian workers. "It tion are by no means adequate for is most comforting to see what a fine schools for the population between collection of books we have gradually the ages of six and fourteen years. published in Spanish in the different Consequently there is no money to countries and by the various denomi- provide for the teaching of illiterate nations. Almost the entire exhibit adults. A League to Combat Illiter- was sold out two or three times. It acy was organized several years ago is encouraging to see that our work- in the capital of the republic and has ers are beginning to realize the need extended its work into most, if not all, for reading and study. I have been of the states. Considerable interest able to get many of our Sunday- has been awakened and some definite schools to put in workers' libraries.

work is being accomplished. A League In nearly every case, they have a li- for National Defense, which has been brary for the children. In a country in existence for several years in Rio like this where there are no public de .Janeim, has recently' appealed to libraries, you may know how useful the public for rooms and volunteers these little libraries can be. And the to teach illiterates to read and write." hopeful thing is that the children are eager to read. One little girl, in a • Influence of One Chilean WODlan Sunday-school which I was visiting, CONNECTED with the American bought a Bible; she is paying for it Presbyterian mission station in at the rate of ten cents a week. I Taltal, northern Chile, are five groups wonder how many children in Amerof Christians which are entirely se1£- ica would be willing to work for their supporting. They are led in their de- Bible in that manner?"

votional meetings in their homes by EUROPE one of their own number and contribute enough to pay for their litera- C.burch Reunion in Scotland W ture and the occasional visit 0.£ the ITH true Scottish caution, the nearest pastor. Rev. Jesse S. Smith Church of Scotland and the tells the story of one of these groups: United Free Church have been deal- "Thirty years ago the inhabitants of ing slowly with the matter of reunion, the valley brought their offerings as but the movement has been progress- a sacrifice before a sacred stone. ing steadily. The question was sent Twenty years ago one woman ac- down to presbyteries and congrega- cepted the Gospel of .Jesus Christ. tions a year ago, and returns came

927] NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

before the Assemblies last May. In women's committee for work among the Church of Scotland the vote, both the women of Denmark, principally in presbyteries and congregations, for candidate work. Among the was practically unanimous for re- thirteen members of the Danish Mis- union. In the United Free Church sion Council, which includes all Dan- of Scotland, out of seventy-five or ish missions, there are two women. In eighty presbyteries, all except two the committee for missionary studies concurred, and one did not vote. In the influence of women is even the congregations of the United Free greater. Church about two thirds gave a fa- vorable vote, and of these almost The Finnish Missionary Society rethree fourths were unanimous. If the ports lights and shadows concerning Union Committee of 100, appointed its work. Among the lights must be by the Assemblies, upon which those mentioned the fact that its work has opposed to union are fully repre- increased sixfold since 1913. Then sented, are able to complete tlleir there were 3,523 baptized members. work in time, it is possible that the Now there are about 20,000 and there basis of union may be sent down by are native pastors in every field. For the Assemblies of 1927, and that the the 64 schools of that period there union will be consummated in Oc- are now 211, and the educational tober, 1928. work in Africa has moved forward in all the schools. Medical missions have Portuguese Decree on Missions increased steadily. But while the gifts for the work have increased, the T HE Portuguese Government has society has run more deeply into debt issued a decree regulating mission- with every succeeding year. ary work in Africa and Timor, in the East Indies. According to Evangeli- TransforD1ation of Oorinth cal Christendom, "provision is made for the support of Roman Catholic SO:'llE of the changes that have been missions and animosity is shown to brought about in Corinth since other missionary effort. Tolerance is the arrival five years ago of 2,700 promised to them but it is boldly children who had been evacuated stated that their methods and work from Turkey by the Near East Relief are opposed to all the traditions and are thus summarized in The New outlook of the Portuguese people. Near East: "Today Corinth numbers They are accused of being centers of between ten and eleven thousand inintrigue and their home societies of habitants. The town that in 1923 lay having been the source of false accu- drugged in dirt and disease, now sations against the Portuguese Gov- hums with activity. In the last two ernment. The paragraph devoted to years three hnndr~d new houses have Protestant missionary work bears all been built, in the erection of which the signs of rooted hostility. The at- {iye graduate boys, taught carpentry titude of the Government is, to say in the orphanage, have helped. There the least, disquieting." is a fine new hotel by the seashore. There are two open-air cinemas. A Danish and Finnish Missions theological school with seventy en- rolled pupils has sprung up on the THE outstanding fact reported for northern seashore. The Bishop of the foreign missionary organiza- Corinth, a young man and a strong tions in Denmark is the increasing factor in the progress of the town, is place being given to women. The erecting an industrial school for girls boards of societies sending out mis- that will accommodate two hundred sionaries all contain women members. and will be supported by funds de- This was a matter of continued agita- rived from the port eustollL~. A projtion for many years. Now the Dan- ect is under way, toward which a ish Missionary Society has a special million drachmas have already been

appropriated, to make a harbor of gleat field for sowing the seed of too the beautiful little bay. It is ex- Gospel. Every opening for Christian nected that this harbor will be com- instruction is taken full advantage pleted in 1928 and will bring to Cor- of, the missionaries missing no opporinth a prosperity she has not known tunity of pntting the Scriptures into for centuries and promote trade ac- the hands of these readers. The tivities that have been wakened to country is open as never before for new life since the coming of Near the g'ospel messenger . . . It is an East Relief." inspiring thing to the workers to testify openly for Christ in the midst SerlJice of Friends in Russia of the Moslem multitude.

AvVRITER in the Arnet'ican Friend TChristian Endeavor in Egypt 1 eports that in hvo towns in HE society founded in Cairo in Russia the welfare centers, the sani- I89! by Rev. J. P. White, D.D., of tarium and the work in the schools the lTnited Presbyterian Mission "are being turned over to the local marked the beginning of Christian Engovernment, who already have shared deavor work in Egypt. Today Cairo quite enthusiastically in the general has a large and very active Christian supenision, and who will, we believe, Endeavor work, and the most cosmosuccessfully carryon the welfare pro- politan Christian Endeavor societies in gram started by the Friends. The the world are to be found in that city. Friends Center in Moscow is an in- Attend a Christian EIideavor meeting ternational center in every sense of there, and you will hear many lanthe word. Often it has had to assume guages and meet Endeavorers from all the duties of a consular office. Intro- parts of the world. Egypt now has ductions are arranged, checks cashed, eighty-seven Christian Endeavor sointerpreters supplied, itineraries sug" cieties for men and boys, and twentygeste:l, lodgings located, all the hun- eight for women and girls, for custom dred and one varioHs tJlings tl18t tour- does not allow the Sexes to meet toists want done have claimed a good gether. There are nearly 5,000 mempart of the workers' time and atten- bers, and their contributions amount tion. Friends are the only outside or- to more than $5,000, most of it going ganization with sneh an office in to evangelistic work. These societies .I1osc0',", and in view of the Soviet are earnest evangelistic workers. For Government'~ kindly feeling toward instance, a few years ago a young sous there are unlimited opportnnitie~ ciety appointed an evangelistic comfor ns to develop onr Good Will mittee, which began to hold meetings (;<>nter in that city." in a town near by. The result was the building of a church which has an AFRICA attendance of about a hundred, with about fifty present at the women'8 R.eaching Moslems in Morocco prayer meeting.

T HE Southern Morocco :Iission, a Christians on the Police Force Scottish organization which sent out its first missionaries in 1889 and REI'. HENRY A. NEIPP, one of now has twenty-six workers, reports: the American Board Mi~sion at "Government schools have been Ochi1eso, West Africa, writes: opened in all the cities and towns. The youth of Morocco are thus receiv- "Our relatioM with the Portuguese ing enlightened ideas of science, Government are very good. Our adgeography, and other branches of rninl:stra.tor shows marked apprecialearning. As a result, much that they tion for the work done at Ochi1eso. were wont to consider sacred and un- Seeing that his native police force was aRsailable is now fonnd to be nnten- not above stealing and being bribed, able. and their faith in many of their he has called in new men, choosing old beliefs is being rudely shaken. In this condition of mind there is a

them from the outstations from among touch quickly and directly with any new the Christians. It is a very difficult neighbourhood. Very few Sudanese value position for these young men. The education enough to let their children stay administrator has permitted the build- a sufficient number of years to go through a primary,sehool course; but an inereasing ing of a chapel at the fort, which is a number have Borne idea that a certain great move forward, and will be a amount of education will be useful even to' great help to the many workers as well as to the Christian policemen. girls, and so are willing to let them attend a Kuttab. . . . As there are IlO social dis- tinctions in Islam the children of our Kut- Thirty evangelists from twenty out- tab schools represent evory class of society; stations came here for a special course so we touch ail, and the child of the beggar of three months. The curriculum is sits quite happily by tbe child of the judge especially adapted to their needs, and or the officer. includes lessons in the Portuguese language. A native preacher is per- Among the points which prove the mitted by the Government to have an value of the kuttab, Miss Miller menoutstation only if he knows how to tions the daily religious teaching and speak Portuguese." Bible study, including memorizing; the ready entrance to the homes of the children which is accorded to their JubUee of the Uganda Mission teacher, the consequent opportunities for talks on Christianity and hygiene, I T WAS in 1877 that the Church Mis- and for combating degrading customs, sionary Society took the Gospel to and the many means of getting into the Baganda, and many plans are be- touch with adults which the kuttab ing' made for a worthy commemoration affords, for example, a club for older of the event. A leaflet appealing for a girls, and lantern lectures for men. Jubilee Fund of £25,000, says: "The wonderful story of Uganda is one of ~~~~''''''

the precious possessions of the Church, Spiritual Growth on Kru Coast and a convincing proof that the Gospel of Jesus Christ is still the power A HIGH note of spiritual power is of God unto salvation. A great living said by Rev. W. B. Williams, church is being built up, a church Methodist missionary in Liberia, to which is showing the reality and the have been maintained during the revitality of her faith by being self- cent Native Vorkers' Institute and governing, self-supporting as regards the I<'ifth Kru District Conference. He her native church organizations, and writes: " Kever in its history had self-extending. It is hoped that the Niffoo, a former center of devil wor- Jubilee year will be to the Uganda ship, been known to be so quiet. We Church not simply a time of glad com- deeply appreciated the cooperation memoration but also a time of real given by the :,itfoo chiefs, who made a spiritual uplift to all those who pro- law, rigidly enforced, that during the fess and call themselves Christians, seven days the Methodist delegates and to that end special missions will were in Niffoo there should be no drum be held throughout the diocese." beating, dancing nor wife-beating. May God hasten the time when such Primary Schools in the Sudan legislation shall not be necessary, for ,all shall know Him, from the least to THE Church Missionary Society em- the greatest.' Increasingly do these phasizes the evangelistic value of annual gatherings of onr native lwttabs, or very elementary schools. workers show the steady improvement, and the desirability of haying them in mentally and spiritually, and the ('yen' large town in the Sndan. From steady advance in civilization being Omdurman, where the C. IVL S. has made by our Kru teachers and min- two such schools, lIiss jIiller writes: isters of the Gospel." On the confer- Prom a missionary point of view these ence Sunday a fine new church kuttalJs are a unique way of getting into building was dedicated free of debt.

THE NEAR EAST great liberty. They are all eager to Signs of Turkey's New Life send their children to school and their A CORRESPONDENT in Turkey wives to our Sunday women's meet- of Eva.ngelical Chr1:stendom calls ing."

attention to the fact that, according to the new civil code which went into Evangelizing Jews in Palestine effect in October, nominal religious THE British Society for the Propaliberty is granted to all citizens of the gation of the Gospel among the Turkish Republic. Up to the age of Jews reports for 1926: "We have eighteen, young people are expected to abundant reason to thank God for the remain in the religion of their parents, ble:ssing that is resting on the work in but after that age they are perfectly Palestine. Its growth has been wonfree to adopt whatever religion they derful. In 1921 we had but one mischoose. In accordance with this it wiII sionary; now our staff comprises ten, be possible for a Moslem after he is and they are assisted by a number of eighteen years of age to accept C11ris- honorary helpers. Then we had but tianity and to have his new status offi- one building, unfurnished, and in need cially recognized by the Government. of much repair; now we have a we11- This runs counter to the Moslem law equipped mission house on Mount concerning apostasy, and one cannot Carmel, and adjoining it new property predict how fully the new law will be has been purchased; while in the enforced, but the prospects are that center of the town we have rented the Government will carry out the premises in which we are able to deal provisions. The Government recog- with great numbers of Jews who nizes the fact that Moslem children could not otherwise be reached. Not are most influenced by religious teach- only do meetings of various kinds folings when under eighteen years of low each other in quick succession, but the Mission is crowded to the doors age. at many of them, and the marked at- tention of the Jews to the gospel mes- The American Board is authority sage is noteworthy. The services are for the significant statement that the mainly conducted in Hebrew, but ad- Turkish Secretary of E!lucation is to dresses are also given in Yiddish, select a group of promising boys and Arabic, German and English. In adlrirls ami place them in the American Board's schools.

"Inhabitants of Heaven" dition to the activities of these centers the Jewish colonies are regularly T HIS is the name given to the mem- visited by our missionaries." bers of the British Syrian Mission by grateful Druzes in Hasbeiya, because they had cured a sick young man. "Work Scholarships" at Teheran T One of them writes: "I know how HIS is the name given to a plan begun this year at the American easily thpy use such words, but we are longing to bring into these homes more College of Teheran, Persia. No student than mere physical comfo'r~. ,The receives free tuition and everyone stories the people tell us are very sad. works to earn a part or all of that We pray that the seed we try to sow which he is unable to pay. The bene- may bear real fruit one day. The fits of the plan have been many. Rec- Druzes are much more willing to listen ords in the offices have been com- than before. Today a Druze man pleted, the librar'y has been open at came and offered to do any kind OT all hours for the students, tlle pro- work for us, because I had nursed his fessors have been assisted in their wife, who is now getting better. They classes and laboratories, and special are really thankful, and all the sorrow activities have been conducted. In ad- seems to have softened their hearts, dition, the grounds of the college have so that one can speak to thelll ,vith been greatly improved. Persian

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Ymtth, published by the students, com- the support of the children. Some ments: time ago this woman gave a rupee to one of the Christian teachers, asking The whole plan of work-scholarships has her to put it in the collection on Sun- contributed something to the spirit of P~r­ day. About a fortnight ago she sh, for it has taught the honor and value handed me four annas. I asked her of work. The spirit which enables a man what her motive was in giving her to shovel dirt and carry stones will enable money to the Christian church. She him to help build a better Persia. The told me that she had been praying for willingness to do hard work, the ability to something in the name of Jesus Christ do it cheerfully, the desire to cooperate, and that Jesus had given her what the determination to have a part in the de· she wanted. I could see from her face velopment and improvement of an institu· that she was very happy. Then for a tion-all these will make finer men and a moment she became very quiet, and finer nation. finally she said, 'I know Jesus Christ hears my prayers although I am not a INDIA AND SIAM Christian.' "

Beauty in an Indian Church Help for Village Schools I N the center of a Christian settle- T HE unique work carried on by the ment in the jungle at Medak, Hy- American Presbyterian school at derabad, India, stands a Christian Moga in the Punjab is widely known in church of the proportions of a cathe- missionary circles. Two of the methods draL This is the central place of by which the school extends its inworship for the great community of fluence are thus described by Rev. R. Indian Christians, numbering over H. Carter: "One of the agencies for 50,000, who have gathered around the improving the village schools is the Rev. C. W. Posnett, a Wesleyan mis- annual Village Teachers' Institute. sionary, as a result of his thirty years' For ten days of hard work, the work in this native state. The church teachers of village schools discussed was opened a year ago, but there vital methods of Bible teaching and seemed something lacking in its beau- Christian character training, effective tiful interior, despite the, marbles and ways of teaching reading and arithmany tinted tiles. There was no metic, and how to begin project work stained glass in the windows. Six in village schools. The Village thousand Indian Christians, most of Teachers' Journal (published ten tl1em former outcastes, have given tIle times a year) has been carried on, money for a window, designed by and its service seems to be appreciated. Frank O. Salisbury, a well-known It is issued to help our missionaries British artist. The, subject is the in the supervision of the village Ascension, and Mr.. Salisbury says of schools, and to help train and inspire the window: ' 'The desire of the the village teachers in service. The donors was that their Church should subscriptions to the English edition be as beautiful as any Mohammedan number 700. There are editions in mosque or Hindu temple, and I trust nine different languages, two having that my work will help them to realize been added in the last two months. their ideal of beauty as an aid to wor- The Urdu edition alone is issued from ship." Moga."

A Hindu's Gifts and Prayers A Hospital Patient's Prayer AN Indian Christian at Jullundur, A CANADIAN Baptist missionary in the Punjab, tells this story: "A writes of a village Christian who Hindu teacher who has been in the went into a, government hospital for an City Girls' School for many years, operation: "He was a very ordinary first as a pupil and now as a teacher sort of fellow whose attendance at receives a very small salary. Her three children are all reading in the school. The husband neither lives with her nor gives her any money for

prayers was very infrequent. Yet The coming legislation will secure the eon- just before he was to go under the tinuance of the system whereby chaplains anrnsthetic he asked the district sur- belonging to the Church of England ancl geon for time to pray and this was paid by the Government of India will be his prayer: ' Lord Jesus, Thou didst sont out. die on the cross for me; if I live it is Thy will and if I die take me.' The Judson College Progressing surgeon and' the attendants, all Hin- dus, were amazed at such a testimony ENGL,ISH, Baptists report of this ineoming in such a way from such an stitution in Rangoon, Burma, "a unexpected source. The operation year of more serious application on was successful and instead of being the part of the students than ever placed in the ordinary ward he was before and to this 'can largely be placed with some caste people and credited the larger number of success- ful candidates for degrees. Among given every possible attention and those obtaining B.A. 's is the first special care. The caste people were Chinese woman candidate in Burma, an educational product of our own most kind to him and Abraham, the Henzada Mission Schools. One of the name of the Christian, was soon the Karen officials of the college has the friend of all. This has been a lesson double honor of being the Treasurer of the New University Trust and a to me and also a source of great en- member of the Legislative Council. {Jouragement. We look to the educated An interesting item in Judson's fupeople for a fuller interpretation of ture plans is the attempt now being made to collect sufficient funds from Christ sometimes, and are liable to the Christians of all races in Burma forget the lowest of the low." for a Chapel in our part of the new university plant out at Kokine, seven The Church of England in India miles from Rangoon. The President of Judson College was gratified by the T HE British Parliament will be manner in which the Bassein Sgaw caned upon this year to give sanc- Karen Association voted to pay its tion to a measure conferring autonomy quota to this worthy enterprise and upon thiR church. For a long period, expresses a hope that none of our proposals have been under consider- churches in Burma will hesitate to ation for conferring an independent follow the lead of these generous constitution npon it, and now the pro- givers." posals have been shaped in a manner satisfactory to the native communi- Retreat for Siam.ese Workers cants and without prejudice to the standing of the European and Anglo- FOR four years the evangelistic force Indian members. The situation has of the American Presbyterian been summarized thus in the London Mission in Lampang, Siam, has con- Christian: ducted what is called a "a Bible re- treat" in the mountains during the hot Today, British people temporarily resi- season. The plan had its beginning deut in India form only a comparath-cly in the realization that many of the small proportion of the Anglican commu- evangelists and colporteurs, and also nion there. At the last census, of 4,750,000 the pastors and elders in the churches, Christians in India, thf're were, in :round have too little to give out to those to figures, 387,000 Inilians belonging to the whom they minister. "Each year," Anglican communion, as compared with says Rev. Loren S_ Hanna, "we have 147,000 Europeans and Anglo-Inrlians. Such seen a definite improvement. This opposition as has been offered to proposals year it was due not only to larger atfor autonomy has Come from English-speak- tendance, but especially to a higher ing congregations who have envisaged the average quality of students and to the possibility that an Indian Church, with a deeper spiritual results." Among largo majority of Indian communicants, Jnight develop on lines uncongenial to them, and that government grants for the main· tenance of churches and chaplaincies to minister primarily to British-born servants of tho Crown in India might be withdrawn.

1927J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

the forty-five who attended there 1926 there were 38 such schools in were, beside the missionary family, Hawaii; 150 in the Philippine Islands; three pastors, one theological semi- over SOO in Korea; about 20 in Burma; nary teacher, elders from several 16 in Bulgaria; 50 in Cuba; and 7 in churches, school teachers, pupils from Syria and Palestine, including one in higher grades, Bible women, evan- Jerusalem itself. Reports had not gelists and colporteurs, and a number 'come in from Japan and China, but of young men who had personal prob- four training schools for vacation lems to be settled. school teachers were held under the auspices of the Japanese National GENERAL Sunday School Union. In Australia, South America and South Africa it is Industry as Related to Missions anticipated that the movement will be well under way by spring. The THE International Mis s ion a r y policy of the Association for some Council has decided to place on the years, has been to work through misagenda of its meeting, to be held in sionaries and native Christian agen- Jerusalem in 1928, a consideration of cies. Books and curriculum materials the relation of Christianity to indus- are issued which have the background try. This action was taken pursuant and deal with the problems of each to memorials received from several country. There are vacation school sources. 'rhe one presented by the materials in Korean, Japanese, Arabie World's Committee of Y. W. C. A. and Portuguese, all worked out by contained the following: those on the field, to meet the peculiar needs of the children there. T. S. VVe trust that in this agenda a large place EVANS, Secretary, 381 Fourth Ave., will be found for consideration of economic New York. problems and industrial conditions in their relation to mission work. With every year World's Evangelical Alliance the vital importance of this relation becomes more insistent. Western industry THIS organization was founded in has im-aded the Far East, carrying with it 1846 by representatives of the the latest inventions for the promotion of churches of Great Britain, with delemass production, too often unaccompanied gates from the Continent and the by any of the safeguards which have been United States. Henry Martyn Gooch, painfully worked out in the course of a secretary of the British organization century for the protection of the European for the past twenty-five years, recently worker. Side by side with the machinery of stated that, in the past ten years of 1926 flourish the factory abuses of 1802; progress by the Alliance, nothing had child labor as England knew it in the early been more marked than the increasdays of the industrial revolution, night em- ingly close association with missionary ployment of women, boys, and girls, hours societies through the Week of Prayer. cruelly and wastefully long, conditions of Relations were early established with employment full of peril to life, limb, and the National Christian Councils of health. When industry in this form is set China and India; while warm fellowup by men of Western race coming from ship exists with the Japan Book and countries nominally Christian, fellow-citi· Tract Society, and with numbers of zens of the missionaries who preach the individual missionaries, far and wide, Christian faith on the mission field itself, as well as with numerous other misthe question as to the attitude of the Church sionary bodies. Plans are under way in the face of such negations of the teach· for an 80th Anniversary Thanksgiving of our Master inev,tably arises. It has ing Fund of at least £10,000. The put in bewilderment and distress of· mind Fund will be expended in the direct Eastern people who have accepted the new aims of the Alliance by living agents, teaching-such as Chinese Christians-and and not upon buildings. An outstandaroused indignant contempt in their fellow ing need, also, is additions to the staff. countrymen who, rejecting the Gospel, can point triumphantly to the contrast between Christian principles and practice.

Daily Vacation Bible Schools AREPORT issued by the Interna- tional Association of Daily Vacation Bible Schools announces that in

books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-

'l'HE REVIEW.

The China Year Book, 1926-27. Edited by Who, " though with thirteen Chang, H. G. W, Woodhead. Pp, xxix, 1320. nineteen Chen, twenty-nine Li, and $12.50. forty-nine Wang entries, for illustra- What the "Statesman's Year tion, foreigners not knowing the Book" is to the entire world, this Chinese eharacters given would still bulky volume is to China and Us dependencies. Its mass of topics may be at Sea as to "Who's Who" of those be seen in its eleven-page table of numerous families. The draft of the contents and its twenty-nine page in- New Constitution of China, adopted dex. Of the hundreds of subjects, we in December, 1925, is as interesting cim select only a few which will ap- as it is inactive. A Bibliography for peal most 'to the R1EvIEw's constitu- 1925-26, briefly annotated, supplies ency and to prospective and actual Chinese missionaries, the best literary account of China of recent years, though not as full as is desirable. Single pages, like that on The chapters upon Geography, J. Yen's "Mass Education Move- Climate and Meteorology are an au- ment," are intensely interesting; thoritative and interesting presenta- though one looks in vain for any full tion of factors intimately affecting statement as to the National Script.

missionary life and usefulness, So The Chicago University Press is to be also is the section by Sir E. T. Back- thanked for importing these volumes house upon the Chinese Language, for American use. H. P. B.

and' the preceding sketches on the people and their history. Chapter American Villagers, C. Luther Fry. 8 yo. XIII gives an excellent account of 201 pp. $2.50. New York. 1926.

education in the R.epublic, with a very There is much new information and favorable showing for the many mental delight in C. Luther Fry's higher institutions under missionary book. In this study, conducted under care. In Chapter XVIII the various the auspices of the Institute of Social religions are described with a fairly and Religious Research, Dr. Fry adequate sketch of Protestant Mis- shows that the village is not properly sions, though with no statistics a part of the rural population but a (found in an earlier issue). A full way of life more different from the account of Roman Catholic workers country than it is from the city. He is given and their converts and ad- confirms the language of an East In- herents are said to number 2,277,421 dian who traveled in America re- in 1!>23-24, under the care of seven- cently and before setting sail said, teen Orders and Congregations. The "In India our villages are agricul- Labor and Anti-foreign Agitation tural but so far as I can observe your chapter was brought up to date, but American villages are cities." We much has since happened affecting have been mistaken hitherto in believ- foreigners. The Sino-Soviet Confer- ing that the village loses or gains its ence of 1924 constitutes an interesting population with the open country.

side-light on Soviet designs and Chi- The increase of villages surpassed nese relations thereto. Chapter XXX that of the open country in the first is China's seventy-four page "Who's twenty years of this century as 47.2 158

THE MISSIONARY LiBRARY

compares with 5.4. This is much the nature of the change and what it imparts." These Lowell Lectures, denearer the rate of growth of cities. livered in King's Chapel, Boston, during February, 1926, are in four Indeed, Dr. Fry shows that, except chapters: Religion in History; Reli. gion and Dogma; Body and Spirit; for one type of small city, the village Truth and Criticism. The volume aims to give a concise analysis of the showed the most rapid growth of any various factors in human nature which show the development of reliunit in the population. gion. The author's contention is that the ages of faith are the ages of ra- When church people come to under- tionalism. He tries to show the in· evitable transformation of religion stand the village they will cease to with the transformation of knowl- edge. The foundation of religion is load the village down with churches. found in our apprehension of those permanent elements which insure a Leaders forget two things: First, stable order in the changing world. Religion for Mr. Whitehead is the that the village is not going to be a longing of the spirit that the facts of existence which man. knows should city and cannot stand too many find their justification in the nature of exi~tence. churches; second, that the village is There are many points in which not a living part of the open country, we do not agree with the writer, but he certainly challenges thought. so that the farmers will not auto- J. F. R. matically come to a village church. W. W. Cassells, First Bishop of Western The greatest proportion of minis- China. Marshall Broomhall. Illus., maps, xxiii, 378 pp. 68. net. London. 1926. ters in America live in the village. The reviewer recalls a Thursday There are more parsons per thousand morning in late April, 1885, when the subject of this biography, fresh persons than in the city and far more from his London curacy, came into our Tung Chou home en route for than in the open country. Shansi. Thero he spent the opening months of his China apostleship, prior Dr. Fry; who takes his material to passing on to the great and needy province of Sze ch 'uan, where his life from the Census, shows that the em- work lay, first as a member of the China Inland Mission, and later for ployment groups of men-though not thirty years as Bishop of the Church of England. As cricket player at in the same degree of the women- Repton, as "footer" at Cambridge Gniversity, and later as one of the are nearly uniform throughout the famous "Cambridge Seven" who aroused a greater interest in China country. It has long been obvious to Missions than any other group had done, he had left his impress upon students that the village has an anat- all who came to know him. The spiritual impression made by him and omy of its own, that it has invariable his companion, Stanley Smith, upon our station and upon Peking missionelements which you may look for as aries was a sample and prophecy of you ride in in your car, or ride up from the railroad station, seeking a service unit. Dr. Fry shows that population divisions by occupations are also uniform throughout the countrv.

The'delight of the book is that of reading a skilled and vivid story in which statistics are made to do magic.

The author makes use of measure- ment to convey information in a man- ner so skilful as to delight and satisfy the mind. w. H. W.

Religion in the Making. Alfred North Whitehead. 160 pp. $1.50. New York. 1926.

That John Dewey writes commending this book is a fact which speaks for itself. He says: "There is news in the realm of mind. The mentality which has prevailed for three centuries is changing. Whitehead says the change is not short of revolutionary . . . He does succeed in a wonderful way in giving his readers a sense of what he continued to do for forty Amid dangers an.d heavy burdens he years. is so buoyed up by a living faith that The items in that remarkably fruit- one cannot read the record without ful service are set forth in such an abiding uplift. His cathedral city detail that one sees the devoted Chris- was Pao Ning, "protecting Serenity tian and missionary in his private of mind" or " peace, " whi eh describes and public life with a vividness that the Bishop, whether in his home, in rarely appears even in missionary bi- his shipwrecks on the Yang tze, in ographies. Yet it is not pictured perils of robbers, or when perplexed as to duty by the call of the Archwith much scenic or ethnological bishop of Canterbury from his remote background. It is written much as western outpost to the Mid-China Henry Martyn or David Brainerd Bishopric-an honor which he dewould have recorded their missionary clined. Bishop Cassells had no experiences. The "Imitation of Christ, " the writings of Frances "small talk" to waste, and humor was Ridley Havergal and those of the sadly lacking; but heavenly conver- Keswick type, are examples of the sation, upbuilding addresses and style found here, both in the Bishop's sermons wrought a rich harvest dur- ing the forty years at his inland post. own words and in the wonderful edit- Here is an apostolic memoir of our ing of Marshall BroomhalI, who has, own day, the portrait of a spiritual in this volume, added another valu- giant as he strives personally to overable contribution to missionary litera- come besetting evils and as he leads ture. his scattered flocks into the green Bishop Cassells had a difficult task set before him,-to act at once as a pastures and beside the still waters of superintendent of the China Inland Mission in Eastern Sze-ch 'nan and as the Christian life. Well did the the first Bishop of the Church of England, presiding oyer missionaries Archbishop of Canterbury, write of and churches of that denomination belonging to' the China Inland Mis- him: "The death [Nov. 7, 1925] of Bishop Cassells removes from among us one of the very foremost mission- aries of our time." H. P. B.

sion. This position of mediatorship The Cost of a New World. Kenneth Mae· between bodies so different in person- lennan. 8 vo. 185 pp. with appendix and nel and methods, Cassells filled most index. $1.00. New York. 1926. 28 6d.

wonderfully, mainly because he was London. 1926.

himself filled with the Spirit of God. Kenneth Maclennan is Secretary of Rarely do we see a biography which the Conference of Missionary Socieso impresses the reader with the life ties in Great Britain and Ireland, and filled with constant eyidences of the General Secretary of the United victorious Christ living within him. Council for Missionary Education. The Bishop cannot write a paragraph The object of tliis book is to present without clothing his thought in words a brief suryey of the material forces of Scripture, and his prayers were at work in the pre-war world and to truly his "vital breath." reveal the relation of Christianity to But action in yaried circumstances current world moyements.

and in "perils oft" is not left out No age of Christian history has had of the picture. Paul '8 Iliad of woes more serious problems to solve than in 2 Cor. 11 is here eclipsed in many has ours. Our problems are such as ways; and what that missionary dis- the g-rowth of nationality and the de- missed in the words, "there is that velopment of internationalism; race which presseth on me daily, anxiety antagonisms; the revolt of youth; for all the churches," fills many the industrialization of the Orient; p~ges-yet. the "anxiety" is always the opening of Africa; the awaken- mmgled wlth profound trust in his ing of national aspirations, especially Elder Brother and Heavenly Father. in the Far East, and the breakup of

The Missionary Review of the World — June 1926

BOOKS

MBs. HENRY W. PEABOl>Y, chairman of ~orbon ((ollege the Women's National Conference on Law of UCbeo(ogp anb Enforcement, represented that organization in Washington in April in the congressional Jlll)l)lonl) hearings on the prohibition question.

•** REV. JOHN W. WOOl>, D.O.L., Secretary of the Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society of the Protestant Episcopal Church, was recently elected president of the Foreign Missions Conf*ere~ce •of North America.

REV. KENNETH D. MILLER. is now secre· A GRADUATE School and College of tary of the Federal Council's Commission on Theology of higb scholastic stand- Relations with Religious Bodies in Europe, ards, intense evangelical loyalty, and and will also act as American representa- unusual curriculum. Eminent professors, tive of the Central Bureau for Relief of the devoted students, and influential alumni Evangelical Churches of Europe. make it a center of power. Its Massa- chusetts degrees, Boston culture, and *** cosmopolitan spirit draw students from all parts of the country. Special oppor- DR. RUFUS M. JONES, of Haverford Col- tunities given to graduate students. An lege, has been invited by Christian organiza- open door to notable service in the pultions in China to give a series of lectures in pit, the mission field, and other Christian commemoration of the fortieth anniversary leadership.

of the establishment of Y. M. C. A. work in NATHAN R. WOOD, tha.t country. President, Gordon College, REV. HENRY SLOANE CoFFIN, D.D., for BO'ston, Massachusetts the past twenty years minister of the Madison Avenue Presbyterian Church, New HARTFORD York City, has accepted the presidency of Union Theological Seminary, in which he SEMINARY FOUNDATION has taught for the• pa•st •twenty·two years. Theological Seminary BISHOP GENNADIOS, metropolitan of Sa· School of ReligiouB Education loniki, recently headed a commission from Kennedy School of Missions Greeee to the United States to present the thanks of the Greek Government and W. DOUGLAS MACKENZIE, President Church for aid, and to interest Greeks in America in the support of the Y. M. C. A. A UNIVERSITY of religion. Three sep1'lrate j;cho()ls of Christian tn.ining -grouped on one *•* tampus. The Theological Seminary trains for the ministry; the S('hool of Missions for the SENORA NATALIA CALLES, wife of the foretgn fip.ld j the School of Religious Education President of Mexico, has aceepted the hon- for the lay worker and tea·:!h~r and for social orary presideney of the Women '8 Christian" service. Courses in any of the three schools Temperance Union in that country. a.re open to all students. Thus opportunity is oft"ered fOT full~rounded religiow:l education. *** Hartford Seminary Found.l,tion is located in REV. ARTHUR. B. Moss has retired from the center of the intellectual and cultural life the associate secretaryship of the Methodist of New England, half way between Boston and Episcopal Board of Foreign Missions to be- New York. come pastor in JaU?aica, N. Y. A series of handsome and well~appointed *** buildings makes its campus one of the moat beautiful in its section of the country. The MRS. ANNA M. 1IA.&KN1i:SS bequeathed in Catle Memorinl Library containing 125,000 her will $2,500,01)0 each to the Presbyterian volumes is for the use of the three schools. Boards of Foreign and of National Mis- This is one of the richest theological libraries ~ions, $1,000,000 to til" Church Extension in the country. The faculty is composed of 27 Committee of New York Presbytery, and scholarly men and women with vitalized person- $250,000 to the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian alities who have :.1ttained aistlnctlon in their Church, New York City. respective fields.

*** Hartford Seminary Foundation DR. MARY &rONE, well-known Chinese Hartford, Conn. physician and Cln-istian worker, and her friend, Miss Jennie Hughes, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, are now in the United States.

** DR. AND MRS. F. HOWA&D TAYLOR, of the China Inland Mission, are now visiting Australia.

*** REV. E. STANLEY JONES, D.D., author of " The Cln-ist of the Indian Road" has established a new monthly paper of which he is the editor, called The Fellowship of the Frienas of J es'U8.

Please mention THB MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L PIERSON. &lltor CONTENTS FOR JUNE, 1926 Page FRONTISPIECE . . . "G()LD IN THE ORE"-UNCIVIr.IZED ZULUS READY FOR REFINING EDITORIALS •…………….•…….•……………..•……••……..•. 405 ORGANIZED ATHEISM IN AMERICA lJHRISTIAN COOPERATION IN MOSLEM FINDINGS 0:1' THE MOTT ,CONFERENCE IN LA2IDS CHINA RY,LIGIOUS EDUCATION IN BRAZIL PROGRESS IN LATIN AMERICA AMERIC.-AN iNTERNATlONAL Ex· CHANGE A NEW NATION IN THE MAKING-IN AFRICA …….. SAMUET.. M. ZWEMER 413 Interesting observatwnB made on a reoent trip to the Egyptian Sudan.

OBSTAOLES TO CHRISTIANITY IN CHINA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . JAMES L. STEWART 422 The vice-p;'csident of West China Union Unit'er9ity and author of "The Laugh- ing Buddha" desC'l'ibes the present·day difficulties that face Christian missions in Ohina and that hinder progress.

FREDERICK B. BRIDGMAN, OF SOUTH AFRICA .•.. CHARLES NEWTON RANSOM 429 Facts about the life, ohtJ,racter and work of one of the great missionaries of the AmeriCan Board among the Zulus–one who gave his life for the advancement of the Africans.

THE NEGRO CmJRCH IN THE CITY ……………….. GEORGE E. STEVIi'NS 435 A masterly paper by a Christian Negro of St. Louis dealing with problems that face the urban Negro and showing the contributw1. that Negro Ohristian churches 1rUIke to the welfare of the city.

SOME HANDICAPS OF THE NEGRO ………………. 000Rr.ES S. JOHNSON 440 A NEGRO VIEW OF THE COLOR PROBLEM ..•.• , ……….. JY.sSIE FAUSEI' 442 DR. JOHN C. YOUNG OF ADEN, ARABIA …..'! …… CAMPBELL M. MACLEROY 444 A bwgraphioal sketoh of a il'Uccessor of Honorable Ion Keith·Falooner who has held the lonely outpost for many years i1~ the southrwestern corner of Arabia.

THE PLIGHT OF THE ASSYRIAN CHRISTIANS ………. E. W. McDowEIL 447 An appeal for the sufferers who have been driven from their homes and have been aeprived of theiff mea1.S of livelihood by the persecutw1.s of the Moslems and the unrest connected with the World War and its aftermath.

BEST METHODS ………………………….. EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK 449 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN ……………….. . .. .. .. . . .. .. .. . 456 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN ………………………….. 459 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ……………………………………….. 461 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARy………………………………………. 477 TMRM.S: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in dubs of iive.) Foreign postage, 5{) cents. Bingle copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1926, by MISSIONARY REvIE.W PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

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Your Summer Address Change of address for the summer months must reach the office before June 10th. V. S. Arnot, Afrioan Missionary Explorer. Safety First James J. Ellis. 62 pp. la. Pickering & Inglis. Glasgow. 1926. and ANNUITY William Carey. J. H. Morrison. 218 pp. AGREEMENTS Hodder & E!toughton, London. George H. Doran, New York. 1926. ==~~~==~~~oofth,ee==~~========= ,hats with Children. Amy Le Feuvre. METHODIST MISSION BOARDS 108, pp. 28 6d. Pickering & Inglis. Glasgow. 1926. are synonymoUi terma. These two boards now Moslem Women. A. E. and S. M. Zwemer. have outstanding annui. 263 pp. Paper, 50 cents; Cloth, 75 cents. ties totaling $5,500,000. Central Committee for the United Study The larger the buaineu of Foreign Missions. West Medford, the greater your security. Mass. 1926. Write lor iuD inlormation to Modern Education In ltofea. Horace H. Morris W. Ebnes, Treasurer, Board of Foreign Underwood. 328 pp. $4.00. Interna· tional Press. New York. 1926. MiNions of Ihe MethodUt EpilCopal Church. 150 Filth Avenue, New York. N. Y~ or Our Templed Hills. Ralph A. Felton. 235 pp. Paper, 60 cents; Cloth, $1.00. Coun· W. J. Elliott, Treasurer. Board of Home Mis- cil of Women for Home Missions or Mis· aions and Church Extension 01 the Methodist Episco. sionary Education Movement. New pal Church. 170 I Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

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Sarangie, a Child of Chosen. Lois Hawks Swinehart. 157 pp. $1.25. Fleming H. Revell. New York. 1926.

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The Wonderful Names of Our Wonderful OF MISSIONS Lord. T. O. Horton and Charles E. Hurl· burt. 19] pp. Biola Book Room. Los A Journal of Old Time Religion Angeles, California. 1925. and Sound MissionafY Work Youth Looks at the Church. Addresses, WILLIAM FETLER, Editor Questions, Discussions and Findings. National Interdenominational Student Tells about God's workings ir. the great ,conference. 295 pp. $1.00. Abingdon Russian and Eastern European Mission PreBS. New York. 1926. Fields.

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JUNE, 1926

XLIX SIX ORGANIZED ATHEISM IN AMERICA NEWSPAPERS have been giving much pUblicity recently to those who seek notoriety by attempting to found clubs of atheists, agnostics and so-called "free-thinkers" in American colleges and universities. One such society of twenty-five members has been formed in Yale and another in Rochester University where they have blatantly assumed the title of "Damned Souls." The President of the American Association for the Advancement of Atheism announces that they are raising $100,000 to promote atheism in the colleges, and will make an effort to discontinue the office of chaplains in Congress, to remove chaplains from the army and navy and will fight against the week-day religious instruction plans for school children.

Such agitation and propaganda are not new. Atheism was popular following the French Revolution and spread in American colleges that had been founded to train Christian ministers. Atheism feeds on materialism and all forms of selfishness and sin. "The fool hath said in his heart' There is no God,' " but that does not disprove God nor prevent Him from carrying on His work of love in the world. Many writers in the secular press today merely laugh at the young atheists and prophesy their early decease. Christians have no fears for their faith or for the Church. There have been many kinds of unbelievers since the world began. The only cause for disturbance is that some foolish and ignorant ones may be misled, may deny God, may fail to receive His gift of Life through Christ and so may bring ruin on themselves and those who follow them. Such propaganda has little effect on intelligent, earnest men and women.

One chief cause for the spread of irreligion is ignorance. Parents and teachers, who do not know God, cannot be expected to train the coming generation to believe in Him. Senator George Wharton Pep,per, in a recent address made some allusions to well-known Biblical incidents which it was found that less than half of his student 405

audience understood. Professor Watts, of Temple University, con- cludes: .

"It is extraordinary, with Bible societies reporting millions, if not billions, of Bibles sold, that the knowledge of its contents seems to be reaching a vanishing point. Entirely aside from its religious value, there is every reason why the Bible, with Shakespeare, the Greek and Roman classics, and a few other books, should have a vital meaning for the students who intend to go in for public life or literature."

Much less do the youth of America know the Bible as a revela- tion of God and of the Christian way of life.

Another cause of atheism is the desire to be free from the restraints of godliness. The antagonism of Bolshevism and of many communists to Christianity is due to the fact that Christ upholds the principles of government, of law and order, of monogamous marri- age, of unselfish consideration for the weak and teaches the observ- ance of all obligations to God and man. Christianity is opposed to so-called tI free-love," disapproves of the tyranny of capital or of labor, and is against the selfish disregard of the property, the lives or the liberty of others.

A third cause of the spread of atheism is the" false conception of religion such as is promoted by some advocates of eclectic religion.

Such men and women look upon religion as a product of human phil- osophy, the outgrowth of fear, mystery, superstition and a sense of inferiority. Congresses of religions are based on the idea that no religion is revealed or is absolute and trustworthy but that all are the result of human strivings after God and all contribute to the knowledge of a Higher Power and of life. No real benefit has ever come from these congresses of religion (such as is proposed for the Philadelphia Sesqui-centennial). On the contrary, they have only added uncertainty and confusion to the minds of those who are without solid basis in their belief as to God. The calm assurance that comes through intelligent faith in Jesus Christ as the revelation "of God and His way of life gives a very different conception of religion and is the only satisfying basis for religious tho"u.ght and practice.

It is difficult to unde.rstand the motive that atheists have in their efforts to spread such disbelief in God. It may arise from a desire for publicity, may show an inclination to "radicalism," may be due to a wish to secure a following, or may be based on a misconception of the meaning of liberty. How different is the motive that actuates the Christian in his missionary work. His desire is to spread the Good News of God's love, of the free gift of life through Christ, as he has experienced it. He knows the comfort, the power and the joyful satisfaction that come from faith in the loving Heavenly Father and all-wise Ruler of the universe. He knows the effect when lives and thoughts are brought into sympathetic harmony with Him.

926] EDITORIAL

The atheistic propaganda, so far as it succeeds, can only spread selfish individualism, chaos and despair. The Christian propaganda that produces an intelligent following of the teachings and spirit of Jesus Christ will bring harmony, human brotherliness, unselfish service and calm confidence to face the realities of life or of death.

" The Word was God . . . the Word became flesh and dwelt among us, and we beheld His glory . . . full of grace and truth . . . He that believeth on the Son hath everlasting life."

FINDINGS OF THE MOTT CONFERENCE IN CHINA T HE conference called to meet with Dr. John R. Mott, in Shanghai, January 5th to 7th, was called to study the situa- tion ill the Christian churches in China. It was arranged by the executive committee of the National Christian Council and was presided over by Dr. D. Z. T. Yui. The executive committee received the findings with appreciation and recommended that they be referred to Christians in China and abroad" as valuable source material for the study of the Christian movement in China today. "

Some of the questions which were discussed and 'the findings are as follows: The first series of questions relates to the spiritual condition of the Church in China and the causes of the anti-religious movements. The findings report that temporal prosperity and undue emphasis on material things have imperilled spiritual life. The increased influence of church members may have been secured at times at the expense of spiritual power. Unbelievers have received a wrong conception of the nature of the Church. Complexity of machinery has, in many cases, decreased spiritual power. The remedy for this is greater dependence on the Living Christ, with unhurried Bible study, prayer and meditation, fellowship in spiritual things, emphasis on the spiritual motive and power in preaching, teaching and all activities, and more mutual love, confidence, and cooperation among Christians.

The second series of questions relates to making Christianity most effective in China, with autonomy and thorough adaptation to the Chinese nation. There is need for a truly Chinese expression of Christianity, dropping its Western trappings and foreign control. The purpose is not to make Christianity and the Church Chinese, but to permit the spirit and teachings of Christ to find free and natural expression through Chinese hearts, minds and activities~ The third series of questions relates to Christian literature-its nature, aim, production and influence. The findings recognize the great and growing demand and need for snch literature. A constructive literary program is of major importance at present-a program by which all available resources will be utilized effectively. A survey of available literature should be made and capable Chinese

Christians should be employed to produce satisfactory Christian books and pamphlets.

A fourth series of questions has to do with the future policy of Christian missions-the functions of foreign missionaries, their technical training, missionaries to Moslems and other special classes, their relation to the Chinese Church, and the control and ownership of mission property. The findings recognize the aim of missionary work to be the establishment of a self-governing, self-supporting and self-propagating Christian Church with spiritual education, power and freedom. The highest quality of trained, humble, spirituallyminded and loving missionaries is needed in administrative capacities. China still needs many foreign workers but staffs should be adjusted and budgets should be revised to make a larger proportion of the funds available for Chinese work. Religious education and other special forms of work need more adequate support. The Chinese must learn to administer mission property and work. For this purpose, a new survey of this property is recommended and every new' project should be considered with a view to its future maintenance by the Chinese Church. Visits from mission board administrators and an exchange of spiritual leaders between China and other nations is also urged.

Chinese treaties with foreign nations is the subject of the next questionnaire and the resultant findings. Extraterritoriality and toleration clauses are unanimously declared to be now prejudicial to the progress of the Christian movement in China.

Christian education is the subject of the sixth series of questions and the findings express the conviction that such education must continue an organic part of the activity of the Chinese Church, with local boards of management, thoroughly Christian in character, maintaining their institutions as private schools, with full religious freedom, elective courses in the Christian religion, and winning Christian personalities as teachers. An international conference in Jerusalem is proposed for the further study of mission problems.

These topics all deal with questions very vital to the future of the Christian Church in China and may well be the subjects for earnest prayer for guidance by Christians in every land.

CHRISTIAN COOPERATION IN MOSLEM LANDS n .AS ONE result of the conferences held in 1924 in North Africa and Western Asia by Dr. John R. Matt, Dr. Samuel Y. Zwemer and others, the evangelical Christian workers among Moslems in those lands have taken the preliminary step to organize an Inter-Mission Council for Northern Africa and Western Asia. The secretary is Mr. W. B. Smith (Central Y. M. C. A., 6 Sharia Nubar Pasha, Cairo, Egypt). The present plan calls for an executive committee and a council of missionaries. The aim will be to promote

EDITORLAL CO~NTS

a spirit of fellowship, to meet annually in conference, and to unite in the production and distribution of literature.

One of the results of such an organized council of missionaries should be to prevent, as far as possible, the duplication and overlapping of mission work and should advance the more adequate occu· pation of the field. Already something has been accomplished in these respects by the United Missionary Conferences of Syria and Palestine, held annually since 1919. These conferences have recently taken up such topics as the best methods of dealing with converts from Islam; the growing menace of alcoholic drink; the development of the native churches; and the most effective way of presenting the Gospel of Christ to Moslems.

Since the close of the war a great change has taken place, in Syria and Palestine at least, in the matter of religious liberty. While there is not yet entire freedom to preach the Gospel or to accept Ohrist on the part of Moslems, yet, for the first time, open public baptisms of Moslems have taken place in such cities as Beirut, Damascus and J erusalem. These converts have been able to continue in their ordinary businesses without molestation-something unheard of under Moslem rulers. One large mission has adopted the policy of opening missions in hitherto unreached Moslem areas. Evangelical Christian workers are more definitely organizing their schools, hospitals and other forms of work around the one purpose of effectively witnessing to Christ among the Moslems. The need for good Christian literature adapted to Moslems is increasingly felt and the mission presses and societies are working more energetically to supply this need.

PROGRESS IN LATIN AMERICA RELIGIOUS liberty made a notable gain in South America last year by the separation of Church and State in Chile when the new constitution was adopted in August. With Uruguay having taken the same action recently, and with Argentina having broken relations with the Vatican, the union of Church and State in South America remains only in Peru, Bolivia, Colombia and Venezuela. In Brazil, an effort to change the constitution so as to form an indirect link between the Roman Catholic Church and the Government was defeated. In Mexico, government officials, in referring to the laws against foreign ministers and the nationali'zation of ohurch property, have insisted that this is only to curb political activities of the Roman clergy and is not in opposition to religion or to the legitimate activities of foreign missionary societies.

One of the important findings of the Montevideo Congress calls for the uniting of the churches and boards, in certain strategic centers, to support workers among student classes. A significant event last year was the appointment, by the Young Men's Christian Asso-

ciation, of Dr. John A. Mackay, of Lima, to work with the student classes in the different countries of South America. The Association has already been sending Sr. Julio Navarro Monz6 to lecture to the student and other intellectual groups, and with marked success. The carrying out of the one hundred and six findings of the Montevideo Congress, as far as possible, with the raising of more than two million dollars for South America and the proper organization of the various conferences for the Caribbean region in order to deal fearlessly with the important questions facing the Christian forces of those countries, challenge us to renewed faith and consecration.

RELIGIOUS EDUCATION IN BRAZIL NOT union, but division follows the preaching of Christ. Some believe and follow, while others reject and oppose.· It is one of the results of human free will and of religious liberty. 'rhe Bible and Christ form the greatest dividing line in the worldf(lr or again.~t! It is for man to choose. But, even where there is 1lominal oneness of allegiance, there is great division as to definition, method and the implications of discipleship. In Brazil, for example, where the Roman Catholic Church was long in nndisputed ('ontrol, and where the priests still exert great power, two amend- ments to the Constitution have recently been proposed-one seeks to declare Roman Catholicism as the religion of the country and the other provides for religious instruction in public schools.

The Rev. Hugh C. Tucker, D.D., Secretary of the Brazil Agency of the American Bible Society, writes: "As soon as the congressional committee began work on the amendments, public interest was aroused and discussion opened up through the press. Advocates of the two measures were active and voluminous by letter and wire in their pleas in favor; opponents 'Vere not less so in their protests and arguments against. f!'he representations and telegrams from Protestant groups and individuals made a profound impression on the members of Congress and those actively at work to secure the passage of the two amendments. One result was a revelation of the strength of Protestantism in Brazil.

Liberal elements-positivists, spiritualists, theosophists and others -swelled the ranks of protest, and the first of the two amendments was lost. .

"While Protestants recognized that religious instruction should not be divorced from public education, they felt persuaded that the two amenaments constituted a move to include the Roman Catholic teaching of religion in public schools. While foreign missionaries refrained from taking part in the discussion, the Protestant nationals took the risk of being charged with unchristian beliefs and principles. The situation in Brazil presents a striking contrast to

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

what is taking place in the United States, where an increasing num- ber of Protestant Christians are pleading for the privilege of read- ing and teaching the Bible in the public schools, and the Roman Catholics tenaciously oppose the movement.

"The wide publicity given to the subject in Brazil awakened interest in religion and led to a large number of inquiries for Bibles.

Pastors and other Christian workers called for supplies to have on hand at their churches to meet the demands, and a Y. M. C. A.

secretary asked for a supply of Scriptures to meet the requests that were coming in as a result of the religious discussion.

"The extension of evangelic-aI Christian activity in Brazil, through preaching by foreign missionaries and national!;!, the wide circulation of the Bible in the language of the people, schools, litera- ture, and certain forms of social service, is becoming more and more a recognized factor in the very noticeable intellectual, social, and spiritual awakening of today. Federal, state, and municipal gov- ernments, and private initiative of religious organizations, social groups and others are actively at work to combat illiteracy, multiply centers and means of instruction, and popularize education.

"The evidences of aWllkened interest in religion are apparent.

Pastors and evangelists report good attendance at the regular and special services; the Sunday-schools are prosperous; many invita- tions come to preach the Gospel in communities where there is no established Protestant work. Colporteurs and Christian workers are selling more copies of the Scriptures than ever before. When the presidential candidate for the next term read his campaign plat- form, he announced that he approves of the complete separation of Church and State, for two reasons: first, the church has prospered under this new regime as never before; and, second, he believes that equality, liberty of thought, and freedom of action for other forces c.:mtribute to the development and progress of the country." .

THE CHINESE HONOR DR. CHRISTIE J AST October there was unveiled, in Mukden, a bronze bust of L Dr. Dugald Christie C.M.G., who retired in 1922 from active service as a missionary of the United Free Church of Scotland. All kinds of people in Manchuria-officials, merchants, laborers and country men-contributed to the fund of $6,000. The unst stands on a granite shaft in front of the Medical College, of which Dr. Christie was the fOlmder, and looking towards the hospital which he established more than forty years ago.

The following translation of the inscription on the pedestal of the bust appeared in the Record of the United Free Church of Scotland: Dugald Christie, a native of Scotland, came across the sea to Manchuria in the eigthth year of Kwang Su of the Manchu Dynasty, and established

the Mukden Hospital. In the first year of the Republic he organized the Medical College, by which the treatment of disease was for the first time placed on a scientific hasis. He won universal approbation for his unwearied labors as a pioneer in charitable work.

In the eleventh year of the RepUblic he resigned and returned to his native land. He had been in Mukden for about forty years, during which he showed a spirit of self-sacrifice and sincerity. Although he repeatedly met with obstacles and difficulties, yet he never failed in his purpose to go forward. Year by year the sick were raised to life, their number amounting to tens of thousands. All classes, high and low, recognizing his services to society, willingly contributed in aid of the work, which has now g1reatly expanded.

His virtue and merit are imperishable. Accordingly a sum of money has been raised for the erection of this bust in bronze, to preserve his memory, and this brief account of his life has been carved in stone, as a stimulus to all who shall read it.

In the tenth moon of the fourteenth year of the Republic, erected by the public of the Manchurian Provinces.

AMERICA – AN INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE I NTO America, very many of the blessings of democracy and Christianity have come. In this new world, many dreams of freedom have been realized. It may yet be the arena of the greatest spiritual conflict between Christianity and paganism which the world has ever seen. America is the smelting caldron into which the silver and gold of many nationalities is being melted, to run into the molds of God's purposes. The most important international exchange is the exchange of foreigners fresh from the old world for earlier men and women who came to America to have their characters and their lives smelted, purified and saved. In America, the great plans of God for the people of the earth seem to be ripening.

The Japan Current striking the western shores of North America suggests the spiritual influence which Asia, when Christianrzed, may exert upon the new world. The Gulf Stream is an illustration of a hundred currents that flow from America to temper the climate in northwestern Europe. If the Gulf Stream should cease to flow eastward, what would happen? If spiritual influences from America should no longer pour toward Europe, Asia, and Africa, especially in these days of conflicts and national testings, there would be a great loss to the Christian ideals of the world, and many spiritual harvests would never ripen. To make Christian the peoples of America would be to make the country the lighthouse for many peoples of the world who are still in darkness.

IS THE OUTLOOK? – A GROlJP OF SUDANESE

A New Nation in the Making-in Africa Impressions of the .Anglo-Egyptian Sudan Revisited BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., F.R.G.B., CAIRO, EGYPT '/<;ditor of The Moslem World; Author of "The Law of Apostasy ill Islam," etc.

I N THE vast Sudan today.the:e is being. enacte~ before all eyes the spectacle of a new natlOn m the makmg. Hitherto the many tribes and peoples of the territory south of Wady HaIfa, and north of the Uganda frontier have neither politically or ethnologically had much in common. But for the past two decades all this new territory has been increasingly welded into the British commonwealth of nations. The picked body of men devoting time and energy to the material and moral development of the Sudan c;leserve all honor. Their task is not easy, for the Sudan is a place where three religions, Islam, Ohristianity and Paganism meet; and three races, the Egypto- Arabian, the Sudanese and the British must be taught to live in harmony.

At a meeting of Arab notables in Omdurman, at a tea-party in the American Mission garden, recently, I quoted Al Mutannabi's wellknown lines: I am known to the night and the wind and the steed, To the sword and the guest, to the paper and reed.

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NVans NVI.LdA.9…3….-O'I9NV These lines summarize the recent history of the Sudan. The night of Pagan ignorance, the coming of the swift cavalry of the Arabian conquerors, the fire and sword of the Mahdi and his Khalifa, and finally, the British "guests" with their new administration, with Gordon College, the missionaries and their schools.

For .Allah [as Kipling says] created the English mad~the maddest of all mankind.

They do not consider' the meaning of Things, they consult not creed nor claD. Behold they clap the slave on"the back and behold he ariseth a man! They terribly carpet the earth with dead, aDd before their cannon cool They walk unarmed by two's and three's to call the living to school.

A NEW NATION IN THE MAKING-IN AFRICA

In the Sudan we see British rule at its best. The relationship between white and black is in many respects ideal. Something of the manly, independent quality of the Sudanese draws out the best an Englishman has to give. Not only the general administration, but the excellent railways, Gordon College, the Welcome Research Laboratories, the building of the Makwar Dam and many other things indicate a sense of international stewardship.

The recent development or Port Sudan and the Cape to Cairp railway scheme with its connections show that the Sudan now lies at the crossroads of all East Airica.

Today even West Africa is becoming closely linked up. Many thousands of Nigerians and Gold Coast Moslem natives trek across the great desert areas of the Sahara to the Eastern French and the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. At the great dam being constructed at Makwar, south of Khartum in the Gezireh cotton fields of the Sudan Plantations Company-in which South African capital has taken a predominant part-Nigerian workers are seen in hundreds. Why do ~he Moslem tribesmen of Nigeria and the West come to the Upper Nile Valley! Because they are on their pilgrimage to Mecca-from Khartum they go via Port Sudan, to Jeddah, the port of Mecca in twenty-four hours.

I. AREA AND POPULATION The following table and the accompanying map give the latest available information of this great South Land with over a million square miles area and over six million people. The Sudan is divided into fifteen provinces as follows: Province Chief Town Area Population Bahr-el Ghazal Wau 119,800 sq. mi. 2,500,OO{) Berber EI Darner Blue Nile Wad Medani 40,800 "" 111,412 Darfur Al Fnsher 13,900 259,154 Dongola Merowe 142,500 " II 400,000 Fang Binga 120,100 151,849 Haifa 31,800 " " Il H 114,000 Kassala Haifa 113,600 40,708 Khartum Kassala 59,500 "" 140,000 Kordofan Khartum 5,200 186,400 Mongalla EI Obeid 117,400 " 4( 486,622 Nuba Mountains Mongalla 60,700 300,000 Red Sea Talodi 34,600 ,4 " 317,81'1 Upper Nile Port Sudan 34,900 113,415 White Nile Malakal 60,000 (( Il 700,000 EI Dueim 16,500 290,000 ""

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The center of urban popUlation for the whole Sudan is still Khartum, the capital, with a population of 30,797, North Khartum, linked by a steel bridge with 14,319, and Omdurman, a great straggling African city of 78,624 people. At present ferry service binds the latter to Khartum but a bridge is being built across the White Nile and there is no doubt that in the near future the twin cities will count two hundred thousand inhabitants. What Gordon in a moment of pessimism described as a "useless possession" has become one of

the great future assets of the British Empire in Mrica. In 1925 the imports of the Sudan were over five million pounds sterling and the exports over four million pounds; the laUer have doubled in five years. Peace and prosperity have gone hand in hand. The popula- tion is rapidly increasing. One may travel almost anywhere in the vast area with safety and facility where only a few years ago certain tribes were a terror to each other and such a menace to private prop- erty that trade was well nigh impossible. The Sudan Government railways and steamers are the admiration of all travellers. One may travel from Wady HaIfa in the north to Obeid the capital of Kordo- fan in the south and to Port Sudan and Suakin eastward in railway carriages more comfortable than Pullman cars.

The population of the Sudan consists of three classes: the pure Arab, the Negroid and the Black race. The Arabs entered as conquerors and destroyed the old Christian Kingdoms of Nubia and Dongola, as well as those centered at Sobat on the Blue Nile. Only a short distance from Khartum ruins of Christian churches can be seen-granite pillars with crosses-mute witnesses to Christian life centuries before Islam. The Negroids-of mixed blood with their dark brown skins, black crisp hair, long heads, flat noses and thick lips are considered the best workers of the Sudan. The Blacks represent many tribes and races, and until recently they were the slaves both of the Arabs and the Negroids. Today they are overcoming their natural indolence and are engaged in collecting gum, rubber, senna, ivory, in cultivating the land and navigating the rivers. It is estimated that there are over two hundred tribes in the Sudan, some of which, as the Nubas, use a score of dialects. Arabic is becoming dominant in the north. In the south the multiplicity of language presents extraordinary difficulty for the Government and for missions.

Barbarous customs of bodily mutilation, teeth-filing, lip~perfora. tion, face-markings, and puberty ordeals still prevail even among some Moslem tribes. Illiteracy is well nigh universal and, except in urban centers, superstition rules everywhere. At Omdurman an entire bazaar is devoted to the sale of amulets and charms. Less than one half of the total population of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan is even nominally Moslem. But Islam is slowly extending its influence everywhere. No definite line marks the border between Moslem and pagan tribes on the map or in the mind of the people. Where Islam penetrates it forms an amalgam, a paganized Islam. The Koran has become a fetish instead of the old village idol. Stone and tree worship still exist side by side with the mud-built mosque. Yet in the government scheme of education, which began at Khartum, Islam received the place of honor. The Koran is the primary textbook aJ].d for all practical purposes Islam is made the state religion. Friday is the legal holiday and already over six hundred mosques are found

1926J A NEW NATION IN THE MAKING-IN AFRIOA

in Khartum and the provinces, some of them handsome buildings built in part by Government grants! Every year thousands of Su- danese go to Mecca and return with fanatic zeal for their religion.

Everywhere one finds the Religious Brotherhoods of Islam in evidence. The Qadariya (here called the Jilaniya) the Mirganiya, Ahmadiya (or Idrisiya) and the Rashidiya orders have their zawias or religious houses! We visited one at Um Dabban near Khartum.

It was a beehive of many activities-school and mosque, sacred tree and enclosure, a place for sacrifice and holy graves, a guest-house nicely furnished where they offered us tinned provisions and coffee.

In such centers out in the open desert they teach young lad~ the mystic-way and from here the wali or saint goes on his pilgrimage.

Finally the saint, male or female, dies and their tombs become cen- ters of Iniracle and pilgrimage.

At Khartum North we visited two of such saints' tombs. That of Nafassa is scarcely thirty years old but she has a constant stream of worshippers and the grave is covered with more "holy llnr- tains" of many hues than the Tabernacle in the wilderness. In the Northern Sudan on every bar- ren hill and under every green tree we may see saints in the mak- ing. Worship consists of muttered prayers, touching the grave or ty- ing bits of cloth to the bier and A TYPICAL SUDANESE WOMAN rubbing its dust on the forehead.

'l'hank-offerings for recovery consist of white and red flags fluttering on tall poles and so attracting new devotees.

Among the pagan tribes animism with its doctrine of an ever- present supernatural world-seen in the whirling of desert winds, the mirage, the uncanny gnarled tree, the hovering spirits of bird and beast and man-holds myriads of hearts in bondage through fear of death and the beyond.

By the establishment of impartial justice between man and man; by maintaining domestic tranquility and peace; by economic de- velopment through irrigation works and the introduction of new agricultural products and methods; by education especially at Gordon College and in the newly opened Kitchener Memorial Medical School; by the wide-spread influence of the Welcome Research Laboratoris in studying and checking disease; by the opening of government dispensaries and hospitals, Great Britain has proved worthy of her 1 Ct. P. E. Martln-"The Sudan In Evolutlon," p. 246-247 (London, 1921) . • CarmIne WIll18-"Rellglous Contraternltles of the Sudan" (Khartum, 1921), 2

trust. The completion of the great Dam at Sennar, already flooding 300,000 fertile acres in the Gezira plain, marked another step in the evolution of the Sudan. Most appropriately the inauguration of the Dam was not only a civic triumph but a religious ceremony and prayers were offered by the Mohammedan Mufti and by the Anglican Bishop of the Sudan, the Right Reverend Dr. Gwynne.

But the Sudan can not live by bread alone. If any land has a claim and a challenge for missionary enterprise it is this border land.

II. MISSIONARY OCCUPATION Many centuries before General Charles George Gordon laid down his life at Khartum, other Christian martyrs witnessed for their faith. If the meager records of church historians were altogether silent the very stones would cry out that the Sudan belongs to Christ.

In June, 1698, the Jesuit missionary Father, Charles Xavier de Brevedent, entered the Sudan, then known as the Empire of Ethiopia. The first Catholic Mission however was not established in the Sudan until 1846. It continued to work until the time of the Mahdi rebellion. Father Ohrwalder and others were taken prisoner and with horrible cruelty the mission was destroyed." When peace was restored in the Sudan in 1898 this work was again taken up. At present there are four missionary bodies at. work: The Roman Catholic (Austrian), the Church Missionary Society (Anglican), the United Presbyterian Mission (American), and the Sudan Unit.ed Mission (Int.ernational).

As early as 1878 Gordon advocated the evangelization of the Sudan. In 1905 the C. M. S. sent out its first workers. At present they occupy the following stations: Khartum, Omdurman, Wad Medani and Atbara. In the southern portion of the Sudan the Society's work dates from 1906, when, on the invitation of Lord Cromer, Malek, 1,000 miles higher up the Nile than Khartum, was occupied with a view to reaching the Dinkas (Jiengs), a pagan tribe. Other stations for work among them are Juba, with a boarding school for the sons of chiefs, Yei and Lau. Yambio is the center of work among the Azandi, and at Yilu a medical mission has been established among the Horus. The girls' schools at Omdurman and Khartum are drawing an ever larger circle of friendship among the people and the wellequipped hospital at Omdurman under Dr. Lloyd is like a beacon light for the whole community. The whole Moslem staff of the hospital has caught the spirit of service and are following Christ's example before they have gained sufficient courage to confess Him openly. The work in the Bahr al Ghazal province among the pagan tribes has closer affinities with Uganda than with the north.

Bishop Gwynne writes: "It is a matter of great satisfaction to 8 Of. "Ten Years' Captivity In the Mahdl's Camp," by Father Ohrwalder.

A NEW NATION IN THE MAKING-IN A:FRICA

report that what has been talked about so long will, please God, be accomplished this year: that is the separation of the southern prov- inces of the Sudan to form a new diocese, with part of Uganda. The Venerable Archdeacon Kitchen, who has been for more than 25 years a missionary in Uganda is to be the first Bishop of the con- templated diocese. With definite objects and magnificent opportuni- ties, that which had already been won through the strenuous efforts of the missionaries will be consolidated and new schemes for advance planned, and thus another section of the line will be completed in that sphere occupied by our Church."

The American United Presbyterian Mission entered in 1900 under the leadership of the Rev. John Kelly Giffen, D.D., and Rev. George A. Sowash, D.D. With similar enterprise and methods as in the Nile Valley their work has expanded until it reaches from Wady HaIfa across the borders and into Abyssinia. They have work at HaIfa, Khartum, Omdurman, Khartum North, Geraife, Atbara, Sin- kat, Wad Medani, Dongola and Port Sudan; in the south at Doleib Hill and Nasser.

Although this wide field is very much under-manned and has suffered irreparable losses by death, recent years have witnessed a distinct advance on every line of endeavor. The schools are crowded with pupils, the hospitals with patients and homes with visitors and inquirers. The largest Bible class of Moslems in all North Africa, as far as I know, meets every Sabbath in the American Mission School at Omdurman; one hundred and twenty are taught the story of Christ and of Paul by a converted Moslem I Every form' of missionary effort indeed finds fruitful results in the Sudan today. Agricultural and industrial schools although only recently opened have proved their value. The education of the African can best follow the lines of such institutions as Tuskegee and Hampton. Primary and secondary education for boys and girls is a missionary necessity since the only government education so far provided is Islamic in its textbooks and tendency. One has only to look into the eager faces of the pupils in any of the mission schools to realize that such thirst for knowledge and such hunger for friendship and guidance are a call of God to teach all these tribes. In Arabic and English and in some of the many dialects the people already read for themselves the Greatest Story in the world. The need for hospitals and dispensaries is self-evident. Where the natives have the choice between a government and a mission hospital they choose the place where "mercy and truth are met together."

During my all too brief visit at Khartum and Omdurman in February-March last the changes I noticed since my former visit ten years ago were, from a missionary standpoint, full of promise. A new day has dawned. Doors once closed are wide open and the people responsive as never before. At Doleib Hill where they toiled

. for two decades scattering the good seed in hard and barren soil there now is the joy of the harvest. Nineteen hundred are attend ing Sunday-schools and some hundred have been baptized. In Om- durman within a stone's throw'of the ruined tomb of the Mahdi three to four hundred Moslem men gathered night after night for an open- air evangelistic meeting in the American Mission compound. I spoke on such subjects as, "What is Christianity1" "Who is Jesus Christ7" ""Vas Christ Crucified?" "Is There .Toy in the Christian Life1" and the audience was as attentive as in a church service at home. Over a hundred of the leading men accepted a special gift of Mat- thew's Gospel after an address on the "Principles of True Civiliza- tion. " Ten pounds' worth of religions books and Scriptures were sold at these meetings. In the Coptic Cathedral at Khartum two THE PROTESTANT CATHEDRAL AT KHARTOUM. EGYPTIAN SUDAN mass meetings were held on week days and at least fifteen hundred were present on both occasions.

Among the young men and boys there is such a demand for literature of the right type that the Church Missionary Society is planning to open a book shop at Khartum. The American Mission Agricultural School at Geraif is conducted on the lines of similar work in the Southern States and promises much for the future. There is sympathy and cooperation with the missions on the part of many of the leading government officials and an increasing conviction that Islam is not the best religion for the Sudan. The many Christian activities centering at the Clergy House and the Cathedral for the British of all classes are also a powerful witness for Christ. The growing native church is becoming conscious of its mission and eager to enter regions beyond. At a general meeting of all the missionaries and native pastors and teachers, men and women, the conviction was

1926J A NEW NATION IN 'l'HE MAKING-IN AFRIOA

expressed that only by doubling the forces now on the field could the present opportunity be adequately met. Every station and every institution I visited is under-staffed. The places on the map where "the true Light now shineth" are after all like little candles burning in the night of paganism and Islam. Vast areas and millions of people are untouched by all the societies now on the field.. The provinces of Kassala, Dongola (for the greatest part) Kordofan, Darfur, the northern half of Bahrel-Ghazal, the Nuba Mountains, Fung and the White Nile district are practically unoccupied. Who holds the mandate for the spiritual and moral uplift of these multitudes?

Remembering the utter destitution and the long neglect of these vast areas and large populations, the Hnes written on seeing Gordon's statue as it stands racing the great desert and the Sudan at Khartum, have a living message: The strings of camels come ill single file, Bearing their burdens 0 'er the desert sand; Swiftly the boats go plying on the Nile, The needs of men are met on every hand.

But stilI I wait For the messenger of God who cometh late.

The great Makwar Dam at SennaI' is a rebuke and a challenge to the faint-hearted and lukewarm THE REV. MALEK FANOAS in the Ohristian churches. Here Pastor or t be Church In Khartoum is material investment of eight million pounds (sterling) in concrete and steel, in brain and brawn, with absolute faith that the im'es tment will bring adequate return. Faith in what? in the fertile soil and in the fellahin Sudanese.

We have the reservoir of God's unfailing grace and power j we have the soil of the human heart, fashioned everywhere alike and thirsting for the Living God j we have the Seed of the Divine Word which if it fall into the ground and dies never fails to produce a har- vest. 'Wno dares to begrudge the investment of a few hundred thou- sand pounds and the hundred additional missionaries needed to make Christ known in every province of the vast Sudan'

to Christianity in China

BY REV. .JAMES L. STEWART, D.D., CHENGTU, WEST CHINA Vice·President of West China Union University; Author of II The Laughing Buddha"

PERSISTENT hindrances to the progress of the Gospel among the Chinese are not new today and may therefore be considered briefly. They contain such difficulties as: I. Indifference. One meets occasionally with a "God of Wealth" (the colloquial for our "millionaire") in China, but they are proportionately about as rare as her fabled phrenix. In no nation are the multi-millions nearer the bread-line. To live "hand-tomouth" seems no great hardship to multitudes. It is rather that willing hands and therefore mouths must too often go wholly or partially empty. Each day is a constant struggle for existence. What has Christianity to offer for such immediate need' These throngs are out for food, clothing, shelter, an opportunity to work. The Christian message seems ofttimes utterly remote to such men. The preacher talks of faith and hope and love and peace and truth. Much of it is lost upon ears tuned only to the stern realities of daily need. The seed in such cases falls upon stony ground. They go their way indifferent. II. Already supplied is the attitude of another vast section.

China seems to be full of gods of all grades. The merchant has the god of wealth; the mechanic has Lu-ban, the great artificer; the farmer a tutelary god for each group of fields and special gods for each type of cattle, while the scholar has his great Sage and Heaven. In addition there is Animism with its natural objects containing spirits, Taoism with its deification of higher natural forces, thunder, lightning, fire, flood, Buddhism with its personification of psychic fac- t<irs, mercy, wisdom, pity, and Mohammedanism with its appeal to one invisible. absolute Being. If more are needed bas not each man nearer still his own ancestors with their peremptory demands and promises 7 Somewhere from among this galaxy of gods one or several have long since been selected and seemingly found sufficient. Can the Christian God give more than these according to their promises? Why add another, or discard all old for one new?

m. Social customs and sqnctions are disturbed by the aavent of Christianity and so protest. The authority and very existence of all the gods suggested above are challenged, and evidence adduced to show they are fictions. It naturally seems to many that the basis of society is being destroyed. Moreover old street customs concern- ~e February number of the REVIEW contained a.n article outlining certain "Hindrances to Christianity in China," It was an attempted ana1ysis ().f such hlndran"'es from a croRI:I-sec1'i nnal aspect of Chinese SOCiety. It n0ed~ supplementing by lIlore speetfic statement, especially in view of more recent events. A prartical survey can be made from sunh sf"andDoi'lts as Persistent Hindrances, Present-Day Hindrances. and thuesuaPlr(J)lfmoulntsdeorr Hindranoos of the Messenger. This article presents such an attempt within the BPace.-J. 1.. S.

422 ing idol processions, theatricals to the gods, etc., are affected when Christians refuse to assist. More intimate still the old social relations of husband and wife, elder and younger brother, parent and child, sons and daughters are all viewed from a new angle and a new freedom acclaimed. So, to some, it seems that the very family is in danger of dissolution. Even old marriage customs based on the "eight characters," burial customs based on "fung shui" and the sacred philosophy of the past as contained in the Book of Change are all being undermined and unheeded. To the conservative the very basis of society and the nation seem threatened. Who but should decry such disaster!

IV. Sin and evil in all their forms are inevitable opposing forces. In times of unrest such as that through which great China is now passing it is but natural that evil in many forms goes almost unrestrained. Foot-binding fortunately seems steadily to decrease, but gambling and lotteries are in places legalized for revenue. Opium which was so gallantly suppressed about a decade ago is now in sections even forced upon the farmers for the sake of funds. Drunkenness and the social evil abound about many military camps. Blackmail, duress, robbery, arson, rape, murder, militarism fill reports from day to day in the papers of big centers and go all unrecorded out in the defenseless countryside. Let no one malign the great Ohinese people. They too loathe such iniquities, but they are powerless at present. Ohristianity alone, in many places, dares raise a voice against these social· sins and their roots in the lusts of the human heart, and in consequence she is in turn slanderously accused and attacked. Sin and evil in their most hideous forms are steadfast hindrances to the Gospel.

HINDRANCES PECULIAR TO THE PRESENT Present-day hindrances form a second kind of barrier to be overcome. These are regularly mentioned in our newspaper and other reports. They may be grouped under familiar captions: I. Anti-Foreign Feeling. Ohristianity has not always suffered from this in its contact with Ohina. Some opposition, 'it is true, has been to Christianity as a creed and system of conduct. ThuB Oonfucianism has doubtless ridiculed it and even raised riots to oust it from communities and from the country. Yet it will be also recalled that Nestorianism was quite evidently welcomed to the old court at Ohang An by the great Tai Tsung, first of the native Tang dynasty, and that in more recent times under the Mongol, the Min and eyen early Manchu dynasties, Ohristians were protected and praised, even Jesuit missionaries holding public office as Schall in his post as Imperial astronomer. Indeed it appears to have been a question of allegiance to foreign Pope or native Emperor that caused the rift in cordial relations, and such fear of foreign aggression has continued to impede the progress of Ohristianity unto today.

That converts were by becoming Christian also becoming the subjects of France, or Britain or America was quite the common consensus of opinion a quarter of a century ago, following the breaking down of the Boxer Rebellion. The new Republic has done much by its religious freedom and other measures to dispel such difficulties, but now it bursts forth in another form.

II. Anti-Imperialism. Fear of foreign aggression has again attained a great emphasis. The Renaissance of the past few years has brought many surprises. Among others returned students from many lands as well as those educated in their own institutions of learning have been reviewing their contacts with Western nations. The investigation shows a record of constant aggression. Burma, Indo-China, Macao, Hongkong, Weihaiwei, Port Arthur, all show lost territory, parts of which were at least claimed by China. Now Manchuria, Mongolia and even 'ribet appear to them also threatened. Foreign concessions too seem to have taken on an arbitrary attitude through the years. Customs autonomy has been denied and extraterritoriality still demanded. Such seems to be the history of the last century of contact, and China emerges bound on all sides by treaties won from the Manchus then her rulers. In the enthusiasm of the new Nationalism, all this foreign aggression seems arbitrary "Imperialism." This in turn is turned against Christianity for do not the missionaries come from just these countries1 True in their messages, they preach a religion of love, and claim they have no relationship with their governments, but who does not understand the simile of "the dragon head and the snake's tail." And then, are missions not present and protected by treaty forced by these very powers? Many in China today understand the true meaning of the missionary movement, but on the contrary there are others who fail to understand, and oppose Christianity on a basis which they believe is real patriotism. Christianity is "Imperialism" and the missionary its political agent. That should be sufficient.

III. Anti-Capitalistic Sentiment. Much of the'conflict with the foreign nations in the past has arisen over questions of trade. As commerce requires capital, it is easy to conclude that all is capitalistic. Westernism spells Imperialism and back of Imperialism is capitalism-that is the thesis. All this has been aggravated of late by the growth of industrialism. Child and woman labor, long hours, unsanitary conditions, small pay, strikes are not new things in China.

But all these have been emphasized by the mills and factories now springing up in so many port cities. With them have come new forms of labor organi'zations well known in the west with resultant conflicts, lock-outs, strikes and riots. Such conflicts are all the easier to create and embitter when the mill owners happen to be foreigners. Then the issue seems quite clear. It is Western capitalism crushing and exploiting China's helpless citizens. Who would not heed their cry of distress' And the missionaries and therefore their converts,

0138TAOLES TO OfffiISTIANITY IN CffINA

what is their relation? They are the "running dogs" for the cap- italists. They penetrate into the country. Some trouble arises in 30nsequence, new demands are made of the nation, some new port is opened or seized, and the ultimate fruits of victory go to the capitalist. This reasoning again results in one of Christianity's hindrances.

IV. Scientific Matet·ialism. One of the things welcomed enthusiastically from the West, despite opposition to other elements, has been modern science. That has been a great source of enlightenment. Unfortunately the theory of science that has been most readily accepted has been materialism. That perhaps was to be expected. It is naturally the simplest suggestion that all things are but congeries of atoms somehow shaking about and forming a universe.

A CHRIST1AN "CELL" -,HIGHER NORMAL STUDENTS. ONE OF OUR BEST ANSWERS TO COMMUNISM IN CHINA Moreover,much of China's own former philosophy tended toward materialism and'naturalism. Science, therefore,spelled Materialism, that seemed ~elf-evident to many of the scholar class. Then all talk of God or gods, souls and immortality, ,such as religion taught, was utter fable. All religion wassaid to be but an "opiate" destroying progress and self-reliance. It must be onsted if the nation would be free. Science, with possibly aesthetics added, should suffice. To this challenge the older religions had nO reply. Christianity readily answered that hermstitutions stood wholeheartedly for seience. What she did oppose was au inadequate interpretation of scienti:fie fact. She stood for Idealism in some form which in turn demanded the beliefs in God, Freedom and Immortality which Materialism denied and discarded. But such a clearing of the issue' as we well know in the West, will take time. Meantime Christianity is widely attacked today as Superstition, the arch-enemy of Science.

V. Communism comes next. This is not so much the underlying cause of much of the present anti-Christian movement, as its stimulus and somewhat of its strength. Bolshevic propaganda could scarce have come to China at a more prepared period, and it has not been slow to make clever capital of the conflict. We need only mention here Russia's gesture of friendship in waiving old indemnities, foreign concessions, extraterritoriality, most of which 'tis true she had already virtually lost, and her raising of her legation to that of an embassy. All this was apparently to aid China in her struggle against foreign imperialism and capitalism. Naturally the anti· Christian agitation was also quite in keeping with her aims. Communism is avowedly materialistic and atheistic. The Third Inter· national has then quite readily supplied money and men to the propaganda. Attacks in the approved "direct action" way have been made not alone upon mills, but churches, hospitals and schools. As education was admittedly the open door to capture China's leadership, the main effort has been directed against Christian higher grade institutions and colleges. Thus the effort is to turn the great scholar class, especially those of the Renaissance against Christianity-and the end is not yet!

POOFOUNDER HINDRANCES WITHIN THE CHURCH Some of these more subtle and internal hindrances to the progress of the Gospel are: I. Devolution. That foreign control in the growing Chinese Church should decrease and native Christian control increase, is a fundamental principle joyfully accepted by practieally every mission and missionary in China. The difficulty is not in the postulate but in the personalities who have to perform the task. There are therefore many hindrances. The missionary is abundantly willing, but hesitant. He finds it hard to believe that the young boys who have grown up about him are now capable men. He fears that the work helms lavished his love and labor upon will sag or dissipate. The young Chinese in turn may be over confident. What youth yet did not feel that he could soon reform the world were the power but placed in his hands' Then· too, missions as a whole- have trouble in making the transition. Some, indeed many of the young leaders are capable and thoroughly reliable. Yet there are sure to be others who need more experience. It is difficult to make rules that will apply to a few and not to all. They smack of favoritism, with the foreigners setting themselves up as judges. The task is not an easy one. It is being solved but naturally not always according to the reason or at the rate some on either side could wish. Hence there is friction. For this cause occasional members leave our ranks and readily suggest that the cause is too much foreign domination within the Church and that were it but wholly under Chinese Christian control all would be well. Fortunately such are few!

19211] OBSTACLES TO CHRISTIANITY IN

II. Sectarianism. Most of the sects now dividing the Church in China come from abroad. At the recent Shanghai General Christian Conference it was found that there were approximately one hundred and thirty different bodies at work in China, each claiming to have some special, superior angle on the truth. Next there are national divisions. It may be the same denomination, but it has been adjusted to its own national temperament and government, or the same thing is seen from sections of the same nation dragging to the far-off field, old prejudices. Indeed at times the division is between high and low, regular and reformed, close and open, etc., of the same fold. More recently the discussion over fundamentalist ,and modern- CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AT COMMENCEMENT IN WEST CHINA UNION UNIVERSITY ist has been thrust upon the field, and now the debated question of extraterritoriality is upon us. Such divisions dissipate purpose and power and at times even seem to destroy those great fundamentals of love, brotherhood and good will. Needless to add, that this does not originate with the missionary. It lies at the door of Christians in the homelands.

III. A Misinterpreted Message. All Protestantism belongs to the Fuh-yin, the" Glad Tidings" group, and despite their differences and divisions men and women all over vast China are being led to the one Christ. In the past the varying denominational emphasis .did not so much disturb the believer. But today the doctrines of the schools are being attacked by angry and adverse criticism. Naturally misinterpretations, extreme views which the great majority of

the Christian communion have long since discarded but which still find their way to the field, suit such criticism best, and lead to ridicule of the whole message. Some of the more serious in the anti-Christian movement urge that China needs Christ, her sons should "cultivate the passion and personality of Jesus." They hold that the Church is His false interpreter, and say: "We do not need the Church with its creeds and its contradictions, we can go ourselves to the source." In the light of all this, it is little wonder that our own membership are inquiring, "What really is Christianity"? The confusion and contention may be full of hope for some future time but they are hindrances today. Yet who knows, perhaps the purer Christianity in both precept and practice will come clarified by the Chinese Church. In the meantime, too often, the Christ is being again crucified by the misconceptions of His friends.

IV. Spiritual Sag. That perhaps is the most serious hindrance. The earlier missionaries, and consequently their converts, may not have had flll the advantages of present-day culture, though not a few of them are still our masters in investigation into and understanding of things Chinese. But one thing the majority assuredly possessed, it is that which we speak of as "spirituality," by which we doubtless mean the Christ spirit, especially as shown in His humility, His hunger and thirst after righteousness, His whole-hearted love of humanity, his heroic self-sacrifice. It would be false to say there aTe no such missionaries today, but there are doubtless many splendid groups in which these qualities do not dominate. We have superior surgeons, expert educationalists, clear exponents of the evangel, all of which is excellent for the expansion of Ohristian civilization, those fine fruits of our culture, but many seem somehow to lack in measure that one thing needful which the pioneers possessed and propagated, the very roots of the Christian religion in spiritual regeneration. But here again let us not blame the brave and ofttimes brilliant force of missionaries upon the field. Tl:te source of the sag is at home. Water will not rise beyond its level. If hearts in the homeland are not strangely warmed how can we expect them to glow with an all-constraining light and heat among these many hindrances in mighty China!

And yet, despite all these adversaries, He who is for us is greater than all those who are against us. God is working, and there are being added to the Church in Ohina daily such as are being saved! It is well that we recognize our hindrances but it is better that we know Him from Whom our Help cometh!

B. Bridgman, of South

BY REV. CHARLES NEWTON RANSOM, SOUTH A}'RICA MISSION, ZULU BRANon I N THE death of Dr. Bridgman (August, 1925), the world has lost a missionary and a statesman; a "missionary statesman"- but we must not miss the emphasis on missionary.

Dr. Bridgman radiated an influence all over South Urica and indeed to the ends of the earth. Some men are great as seen from afar, some, like Dr. Bridgman, are great and good to those nearest also. One's heart is greatly moved in reading the tributes written to Mrs. Bridgman from South AJ- rica. The pastor of our native church in Johannesburg, Rev. G.

Sivetye, wrote: "We are as the dead. In many gatherings I have attended in the Transvaal, both Black and ·White have witnessed of him.

–Would that our people in Natal might have heard these testimonies. I know of no man so mourned by his friends as this missionary of ours. Indeed the Lord has called him to some greater work above. . .. What our Father and Umfundisi (missionary) accom- plished in so short a time compels me to think that he was conscious that he would be called for higher service soon. It is indeed a higher FREDERICK B. BRIDGMAN service for which he has boen called or else God could not have taken him from the work in which he was most needed. 'Ve all feel helpless. There was so much that was dependent upon his wisdom and clear judgment and so much that cannot be done without Ilis aid."

This pastor is the noble son of Pastor Sivetye who was brought out of heathenism through the influence of Dr. Bridgman's father and mother.

Pastor Sivetye encloses a resolution (in English), passed by the Transvaal Interdenominational Native Ministers' Association: "That this meeting of Native Ministers tender the Associati~n 's sincere condolence in the sad loss which they, the natives of South Africa generally, have sustained in the early demise of Dr. F. B.

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Bridgman. They feel that his memory will be treasured as that of the most valued and beloved of South Mrican missionaries and champions of the native cause."

A native of Natal writes: "It is quite obvious today that we are in lost of (have lost), our nobleman of Jerusalem on account of death of our Rev. Bridgman." Another writes: "God has indeed taken away our Moses-what shall We do I . . . Be comforted by a verse in Job which says, 'Though He slay me yet will I trust in Him.' I am too small to say that to you, but I am compelled to say it." The church of Paulpietersburg, Transvaal, wrote: … "Irreparable loss . . . The people of Paulpietersburg say they have lost their bosom father whom they will never forget . . . they thought he would come back to see the fruits of his toil and prayers. But they know that he has gained the crown of his work at Heavenly Mansion."

A whit.e missionary of another Mission in Natal expresses, I think, the general feeling: "I am sure that not only myself but all the other members of our Mission feel that in the loss of Dr. Bridgman the cause of Christian missions all over South Africa has suffered. A brave and mighty soldier has left our ranks, and we bow our heads in sorrow and submission."

DR. BRIDGMAN'S LIFE Dr. Bridgman traveled twice around the globe and so was known personally to many in different countries. He was born at Imfume Mission Station, Natal, South Africa, May 18,1869, and was the son of Puritan missionaries who labored long among the Zulus. He had many handicaps as a boy, but an indomitable spirit. While still a lad he came to the United States, and after preliminary studies went to Oberlin College and the Chicago Theological Seminary. He married a fellow student of Oberlin, the brave daughter of one of the bravest and most consecrated missionaries-Dr. Davis, of Japan. In his student days, young Bridgman made an heroic rescue of some of his fellows who were drowning in the sea off the Block Island lighthouse. This was a forecast of rescue work on a national scale. After the seminary days he and his wife became intensely interested in a church in Wisconsin, but the appeal from the foreign field was irresistible, though his deep humility led him to distrust his fitness.

He and his wife were heartily welcomed to the Zulu Mission in 1897 and began work at Imfume, his birthplace. Long had Imfume been neglected because of the always inadequate staff of the Mission. His course in waking the old mission house, victim of dry rot, white ants and neglect, was far surpassed by his courage in awakening the church. His stern measures were at the risk of popularity, yet he won the undying affection of the people. But the cities of South

FREDERICK B. BRIDGMAN, OF SOUTH AFRICA

DR. BRIDGMAN OFFERING THE CLOSING PRAYER AT A SERVICE IN THlil COMPOUND Africa were forging to the front, and the work there would be pivotal Dr. Bridgman was put in charge of the Durban work where he captained the enterprise for twelve years. Such was his success that when he left he was accorded an extraordinary farewell by natives, by those of other denominations, by the Ministers' Association, and lastly by the business community and town officials in a great meeting with the Mayor presiding. I think the honor was unprecedented. Then came twelve years of even greater service in Johannesburg. He wrought constrnctively and powerfully in both cities in the face of difficulties sufficient to appal a giant.

What a tempestuous period was covered in those twenty-four years! Recall the Boer War in 1899-1902; the Zulu Rebellion- 1906-7; the complicated war tragedies in Johannesburg-1914-1918; the fearful strikes in Natal and the Transvaal; the boiling race issues, British, Boer, Zulu, Indian; the rapid commercial developments with attending perils; the political upheavals; the amalgamation of four divergent colonies into one South Africa Union. These excitements 'and changes directly affected the whole missionary cause. Dr. Bridgman, realizing this, studied and mastered public questions with the enthusiasm of a statesman, while patiently pursuing the undramatic . duties of missionary routine.

"Seest thou a man diligent in his business1 he shall stand before kings." The great qualities in Dr. Bridgman brought him into prominence everywhere, adding to his toils as well as to his honors. Who

could keep tally on the hours which he spent with Governors, Prime Ministers, Secretaries of Native Affairs, Virith influential Commissions, Mayors, Counsellors and other public servants? While on furlough he was "inspanned" to aid the great missionary campaigns. He was chosen as one of the representatives of the Board to attend the Edinburgh Conference of 1910, over 6,000 miles from his base. In 1911, he was a Board representative to visit the West African Mission, 2,200 miles away. He represented the Mission at the celebration of the 75th Anniversary of the Berlin Mission, South Africa, and bore the brunt of the celebration of the 75th Anniversary of our Mission in 1911. The difficult undertaking was so successful as to affect visibly the attitude of whites towards blacks in all the years which followed.

He suffered from physical handicaps, troublesome eyes, terrible headaches, severe sicknesses. He had his share to bear in the national afflictions of locusts, rinderpest, cattle-fever, horse-sickness, great storms, epidemics, bubonic plague and other ills. His personal perils would need a separate chapter-poisonous snakes, leopards, lions, mosquitoes, which he reckoned worse than lions, wilderness walks, run-away horses, adventures by night, perils of mist and storm and the dangers of the deep. In the civil war in Johannesburg, pitched battles were fought within a mile of his home: shells, bombs and aeroplanes kept the household in danger night and day, and the path of duty was in the valley of death.

To follow even the outline of his detailed work makes one's head swim. How did he keep his so steady? As mission officer, he contended for seven years with Government to secure certain native rights-five years for certain other rights. As chairman, he presided over deliberations on perhaps a hundred topics, and was compelled to consider not only all the details of the work but the detailed interests of each individual missionary. He was called to regular and special meetings of the natives, to long and exhausting councils, to building churches, five in Durban and ten in the Johannesburg field. The central churches in Durban and Johannesburg cost respectively $6,000 and $10,000.

He must raise the money, inspire the natives to give enough at least to kindle spiritual fire, superintend the work. He must start and keep up schools, find and pay teachers, that the head might keep pace with the heart. He must train lay preachers, instruct sixty or more a week, know them personally, listen to their grievances and needs, and help in many ways unnecessary in the homeland. Mine compounds must be visited, sites secured, managers conferred with, conditions studied. Visitors from home and abroad must be entertained. Surely he forgot to preach, and trampled on the Great Commission. Never! He preached as if preaching was his only business. His sermons whether in English or in Zulu showed the keenness of a

J926] FREDERICK B. BRIDGMAN, OF SOUTH AFRICA

scholar, and the "far ben" depth of one who comes from God, and speaks to the "heart of the people." Some of these were master- pieces, as that on "The Worth of the Individual Soul." The most despised coolie seemed transformed into a diamond.

SOME OF DR. BRIDGMAN'S SAYINGS How character revealing are some of the off-hand sentences found in his letters: "Who needs patience more than a missionary'" "Of course we are right, so we shall win." "May the day be hastened when the interests of the Kingdom shall be more precious to them (the natives) than those much coveted rights and privileges and honors of recognition." The celebration of the 75th Anniversary of our Mission was put on the broader basis of "The Coming of the Gospel to Natal," so that other societies might share. He wrote: "We desire. to make the event the fulcrum, and the celebration the lever, to' lift work and workers in this field into the higher plane of effective cooperation and ultimate union which are so greatly needed." "It is only by constantly reminding ourselves of the ultimate spiritual issues of this controversy that we get grace sufficient to keep pegging away." "We certainly feel the need of revival of spiritual motives and powers both in our own lives and in our churches and pastors and preachers and lay workers. "

SOCIAL SERVICE AND REGIONS BEYOND In reference to the social service work in .Johannesburg he wrote: "I unswervingly hold to the importance of regenerated character, through personal loyalty to the personal Christ.' 'This quotation is most important as showing that in opening the great chapter' of social service in Johannesburg, he was not substituting this service for evangelistic work but subordinating it. Before he came to Johannesburg, he began on his own initiative, a study of the social conditions in twelve leading cities of South Africa. He found them, as a South African paper put it, "Augean Stables."

He visualized results in an illustrated lecture. Great assemblies were moved. One response was the formation of Native Reform Associations of influential white citizens. In Johannesburg he saw recreations and amusements open to natives "were almost entirely servants of evil," that sports, music, moving pictures "must be guided by a Christian hand in order to uplift the race." His dream was realized when after years of agitation and hard work, Rev. and Mrs. Ray Phillips, with positive genius for this kind of work, came to make it a reality. The directors of mines each year of late placed 3

$30,000.00 in his hands to further social schemes. The Bantu Social Center was built at a cost of $40,000 and the developments will doubtless outrun even his most ardent dreams.

Perhaps the climax of his missionary service was in his struggles to help the "regions beyond." He toiled for Bushbuck Ridge, about 400 miles from Johannesburg, in the Transvaal. Thirty-five thousand natives were living in darkest heathenism. A native leader, converted in an evening school in Johannesburg, was, almost singlehanded, carrying the torch of truth with magnificent courage among those people and crying for help.

Thousands of natives working in Johannesburg came from the region of Inhambane, 600 miles away. Hundreds of these were converted, and came under Dr. Bridgman's pastoral care. Some of them, with the zeal and courage of apostles, returned to their home, established seventy centers of work, building churches and schools in the face of heathen apathy, governmental opposition, famine and fever. Dr. Bridgman was melted with compassion for these people. Again and again he left city and home and plunged into that wilderness with all its dangers and difficulties and in behalf of the people appealed to the homeland for just one man at least to help in this desperate situation. The sorrows and agonies over this matter helped break the "silver cord." Anyone to whom Dr. Bridgman's life appealed could not do better perhaps than help establish that work at Inhambane, which was on his heart day and night.

A MAN AND A MESSENGER Oh! Bridgman, you were a man and a messengerI Your love of humor, love of play, cheerful smile, helped you win when argument alone would not appeal. You wrought for the rights of the native peoples. You sought to reconcile black and white, and make them see their need of each other. You demonstrated the blessing of the Peacemaker. You believed in intensive development, but you would not forget extension and the Macedonian cry. Even your' 'failings lean to virtue's side." You preached Jesus Christ. You lived Jesus Christ. How was it when you came to die? Just listen in! "This is my message." "I rest on the three great' knows' of the Apostle Paul. 'I know whom I have believed' " (the verse was finished for him). "'l'hat," he said, "takes care of all the daily toil and work." "We know that all things work together for good" … "That takes care of all the hardships, the difficulties, and the emergencies of life. All will come out right." And then, " 'For we know that if our earthly house of this tabernacle were dissolved, we have a building of God, a house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens.' That takes care of all the rest."

O! Youth in lands of the light, hear in Dr. Bridgman's life, the Master's call, and spring to help finish the unfinished task.

MORNING AT A CAR-STOP NEAR A NEGRO CHURCH IN

The Negro Church in the City BY THE REV. GEO. E. STEVENS, D.D., ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI T HE Negro church like other churches is established to preach and practice the Gospel of Jesus Christ. There can never be any substitute for this gospel message.. Having been a pastor in St. Louis for over twenty-two years, I can say confidently that our preachers are sound on the basic teachings of salvation from sin through the atoning work of the crucified and risen Christ. The older I grow the more I realize the absolute truth and vital bearing of two sayings of our Lord: "Without Me ye Gan do nothing"; and "Ye shall receive power after that the Holy Spirit is come upon you."

THE NEGRO CHURCH AND NEGRO MIGRATION Within the last ten years quite forty thousand Negroes have settled in St. Louis. This general movement, which is just starting, marks a new chapter in the life of the nation and constitutes a big challenge to the Church. 'rhis movement is the result of the awakening spirit of a whole people bent on improving their condition, seeking better wages, better schools and more security in freer sections. The beginnings of this migration were coincident with the great industrial awakening in the North a decade or so ago, but it was accelerated when the North began to call for laborers.

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TllE M!SSIONAItY RllVrEW Oli' 'l'nEl WO!lLlJ t.tune

The World War took from the North the bulk of its foreign labor, which fact, coupled with federal restriction on foreign immigration since, has brought Negro labor greatly in demand iJ;l the big industrial centers at the North. Two thirds of the twenty-three thousand colored men employed in the thirty-five or forty big industries here in St. Louis have come within the last decade. Two thirds of the sixteen thousand colored women employed in various ways-as maids, cooks, laundresses, day workers, in elevators and stock rooms of the big department stores and certain factories-two thirds of these sixteen thousand women have settled among us during this decade. These figures do not include the many professional folk, the teachers, doctors and lawyers, preachers, business men and women and mechanics carrying on their own businesses; many of these also have come to us within this period and chiefly from the South. While the South has sent us many serious problems in this migration the general life of the city on the whole is richer for their coming.

Many of the churches help by conducting a sort of labor bureau; many of the 8,000 maids and cooks in the leading white homes of the city were secured through some pastor. We are always recommending these for some position. The message also, from the Negro pulpit has changed somewhat in these years, not indeed the message as to "the faith once delivered"; but the time formerly spent on rousements and the crafty exploitation of emotions, is spent on a message which out of the Scriptures has to do with dependability and integrity of character, efficiency and trustworthiness in service, mastering the job and staying on it when mastered. The characteristic question which pastors put to their men is: "Are you making good Y" Many of the newcomers are from the rural districts of the South and the pastors and other Christian workers have had to teach them the ABC's of proper living in their new environment. It is difficult for one on the outside to realize the fear, the solicitude and sense of responsibility which the Negro Church has felt in respect to getting many of these migrants adjusted to the exacting life of the big city. The wastage in soul values has been great. They are exposed at many points to all sorts of sharks. The Negro churches in the city have been working along these lines too far apart, and to this extent have failed to do all they might have done. As a result of a recent conference of our city pastors of the different denominations, an effective organization is in sight to meet these conditions .better.

THE NEGRO CHURCH AND THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS The Negro Church in St. Louis has rendered a much-needed service by keeping in touch with the School Board of the city. We have kept its members reminded of the big increase of the Negro school population. Nearly one half of the seventeen thousand Negro school children here came to us in this last decade or were born of parents

THE NEGRO CHURCH IN THE CITY

who came during that period. Unless the school authorities are kept posted so as to make provision for this increase, multitudes of our young become street gamins and court dockets are filled with cases of juvenile delinquency and crime.

In St. Louis we are fortunate in our superintendent and Board of Education. They seem to be alert and responsive and seem to be trying to give to all the city's children adequate school opportunities. But even so it has been found necessary and is still necessary for both the colored and white citizens, working together with a fine spirit, to keep before the Board the tremendous change that has taken place in the Negro population and the imperative need of an adequate and forward program for the colored schools of St. Louis.

In one section of the city, school facilities were so poor, that is, so far removed from where these children lived, that they cOIlId not attend; their parents out at work, they were neglected, they lived in the streets getting into all sorts of trouble. The Roman Catholic Church turned one of its abandoned churches in that district into a school. They have under their care daily something like four hundred children. It is a parochial school. These are children of socalled Protestants. What a challenge to the non-Catholic Church and community this is! It shows why we have had to keep close to the Board. I understand that millions of the Drexel family of Philadelphia, given to propagate Roman Catholicism among Indians and Negroes in this country, are being used here liberally. Rome now as ever is on her job. She turned this lack of school opportunity to her own account in some measure an advantage to our young. If there be censure, it is against Protestants. Judging from the progress the Roman Catholic Church has made among us in the last twenty years, St. Louis is destined to become a leading Negro Roman Catholic center.

The more than three thousand cases of delinquency among our young which have passed through the juvenile courts in the last eight or ten years, resulting from bad housing conditions and overcrowded schools and from no schools at all, have stirred our pastors and churches. We have within the last five years made appeal after appeal to the school authorities and the reaction to these overtures on the part of the Board, the press and leading white- citizens at last has been gratifying. Some relief is in sight.

Naturally, when hundreds of thousands of dollars are involved in providing new schools it is important to know that this migratory movement into our cities is not a spasm, not an unrest of a few months which will die down and be followed by a tremendous recession, entailing great loss of money and energy. Weare convinced here in St. Louis that the spreading of Negro Americans over the nation, in the light of the genesis of this great trek and its inspiring causes, is to be followed by no such recession – it is a permanent

change of habit. If these migrants are here in the Norih meeting an industrial necessity as they are doing in St. Louis, their chila:ren ought to be properly trained and fitted for life and not allowed to perish in ignorance, disease and crime.

THE NEGRO CHURCH AND THE RESIDENCE QUESTION The Negro Church can do and is doing much to allay friction in the big cities growing out of the purchasing and occupying of homes in the neighborhoods that have been occupied hitherto by white residents. I refer to neighborhoods lying immediately adjacent to colored sections, and in the path of the natural expansion of these sections of colored homes. The Negro pulpit by its counsel and influence is determined to do what it can to reduce irritation and produce interracial neighborliness. We never have had a race riot here in St. Louis, and the Lord helping us, we do not mean to have one. Through the efforts of a splendid group of white men and women in the Interracial Department of the Community Council, in addition to what the Negro church is doing, such an atmosphere of understanding is being generated that when the new rush for homes by Negroes is on, friction may be somewhat allayed, and at least. a group will be ready at hand to pour oil on the troubled waters.

It is the spirit and aim of this interracial group in St. Louis to produce such a healthy public sentiment that residential ownership by colored people may not be abridged or continue a cause of friction in those districts, particularly, lying directly in the path of the normal expansion of Negro neighborhoods, that it may be established that residential blocks and sections should not in a great metropolitan center, be regarded as a limited social circle; neither should there be allowed offensive unneighborly, untidy, noisy conduct without be~ ing corrected; that there shall be carried on an earnest, steady, though tactful process of education to effect these ends without doing violence to the Christian spirit, or to a broad civic democracy or to the rights of individuals of either group to purchase and sell at will, and that the races may see each other clearly as neighbors without misapprehension and fear, with all problems of housing settled on individual, rather than upon race, lines.

THE NEGRO CHURCH A CO-WORKER IN CHRISTIAN WORK We are sometimes tempted to satisfy our consciences by preaching the Gospel to those who may happen to come to our church, contending for denominational standards and looking after our local church and parish needs. But if our sympathies and activities are thus limited in a great city filled with its appealing victims, then such local self-centeredness is a tragedy. The Christ we follow looked after all the people in all their life. He lived and taught and died for all times and races, places and conditions. He was ever making

over anew all unfortunates and handicapped ones, making them units of value in the communities where they had been failures.

To do this Christ bridged all chasms, ignored all traditions, provincialisms and conventions. At Jacob's well He shocked the disciples when He scorned an ancient prejudice against a mongrel race to save a sinful woman and community of that race. What is now greatly needed in these big centers like St. Louis, is the spirit of Jesus in our hearts, and to give and live forth His teachings without reading anything into them-for His words still are spirit and life. Except the Lord build the house they labor in vain that build, except the Lord keep the city, the watchman waketh, but he wakes in vain. If we save the city we save the nation, for the nation is fast becoming a collection of big cities. We must all work together, otherwise this work cannot be done.

A crying need in large centers is inter-church, and interdenominational cooperation,both racial and interracial, to save all these submerged multitudes. If we do not reach them with Christ they will reach us in the general wreck and ruin they will cause.

I believe that there is a great Christian movement on in America which will eventually solve what we call the race problem. I refer to the interracial movement which had its origin in the State of Georgia. I believe that, through this movement, God is taking out of every creed, race and section, a people for His name who are going actually to stand for the fatherhood of God and the brotherhood of man through Jesus Christ the Saviour of us all. God works that way. In the very palace of the king who knew not Joseph, God had in training His prophet who should deliver the seed of Joseph. The frontal attack is apt to fail; you cannot go up to a man and club him out of his prejudices, we must by indirection emancipate him and ..win him. God said to Moses: "What is that in thine hand 7" A rod. "Cast it on the ground." He did so and it became a deadly serpent. Moses fled from it, but God called to him and said, "Take it by the tail"-not by the head. The frontal approach will not do; the fangs and poison are there; but catching it by the tail the serpent became the mighty rod, the rod of God.

This is a situation in America as relates to the races which must be approached with wisdom, prudence and tact, albeit with honesty and courage, for after all the serpent must be taken. This interracial movement is such a method of approach j the chief thing is to help to realize the great purpose of God. The bitter experiences of Egypt were but a brief schooling in the onward sweep of that purpose. Those slaves in Goshen-ignorant, crushed, besotted and disspirited-must be released and trained though many perish in the process, that in turn they may give their quota of kings, prophets, priests and their high service to mankind, yea, and the Redeemer to the world.

Handicaps of the Negro *

BY CHARLES S. JOHNSON T HE Negro question is a state of mind. Lying back of what presents itself as the problem are established beliefs concern- ing Negroes, embedded in the mores, and handed down by tradition from generation to generation. That these beliefs are out of date, incongruous, inconsistent and discredited by science makes not a whit of difference. The institution of slavery was condoned in the minds of the more conscientious by explaining that Negroes liked it; their weaker minds demanded it. Scientists rationalized these very desirable sentiments and settled the matter by "proving" that they were in their rightful station. Dr. Jefferies Wyman, of Harvard, declared that Negroes" afforded the point wher~ man and brute most nearly approached each other." A. H. Keene, anthropologist, gave scientific'explanation of the belief that Negroes and Caucasians belonged to different species. Anxious students deduced arguments from the Bible: Man is made in the image of God, but God not being a Negro as everyone knows, it follows that the Negro is not a man. Thomas Jefferson was satisfied that not a single Negro could be found who was "capable of comprehending the investigations of Euclid."

When Negroes emerged from slavery 98 per cent illiterate, unsettled, unused to freedom, they could easily have given warrant for that belief. But despite the fact that illiteracy has decreased from 98 per cent to 23 per cent, that Keene, Wyman, Tyler and the rest of the old school have been discredited by the more recent students, and that almost any Negro who has been permitted to go to school can "comprehend the investigations of Euclid" the original judgment stands. G. Stanley Hall is saying in 1900 that his development comes to a partial standstill at puberty, Tyler that it halts at twelve, and President Harding in 1921, that racial differences are "fundamental, eternal and inescapable."

Similarly and for the same alleged reason Negroes are believed to be immoral as proved by the mulattoes and unmoral as proved by their assumed inability to comprehend Anglo-Saxon standards of ethics. A learned professor in an Eastern institution settled the matter by declaring that less than two per cent of Negro women were virtuous. Predilection for sex crimes is "proved" by the fact that out of an average of 8,000,000 Negroes, over a period of thirty years, 480 have been lynched for rape! 'rhis thirty-years' record for Negroes about equals the two-year record for white persons indicted for rape in New York City alone.

• From "The WorM Toml)rrow,"

440 Theories of keeping the Negro "in his place" have given occasion for an endless string of other beliefs about him, modified by locality and probably to some extent by degrees of contact, variously expressed but ever present. He is lazy, shiftless and happy-go-lucky, loves watermelon, carries a razor, emits a peculiar odor, "shoots craps," grins instead of smiles, sells his vote for a dollar, shields from the law guilty members of his race, is noisily religious, loves red, dresses flashily, loves gin, and can sing. In the press, the subject Negro is most commonly news when it is sensational-a crime, race riot or "insurrection." On the stage he is presented lying easily, using long words he does not understand, drinking gin, stealing chickens and otherwise living up to the joke book tradition. The popular literature about him appearing in magazines with the largest circulation of any in this country paints the same unvaried pictures. The average white person knows no other Negro.

These are serious handicaps, but they cannot be so easily measured·as certain others growing out of them. The belief in the uneducability of Negroes, or fear of them educated, might be said to register in part in the following facts: Fifty-one per cent of the Negro children between the ages of six and nine, and thirty-two pel' cent of those between ten and fourteen are out of school. For those in school (where separate schools are provided) desiring to complete the standard 8th Grade, on the present arrangement of short terms, short hours and limited curriculum it would take 22 years in Louisiana, 26 years in Alabama and 33 years in South Carolina. For each dollar spent for the education of white children twenty cents is spent for Negroes. Compulsory education was opposed in Mississippi because it meant that Negroes would have to go to school.

In gaining an economic footing there are further handicaps. It is not right for Negroes to hold positions of authority over white men. For that reason 70 per cent of them fill unskilled jobs. They must not expect ever to be foremen, superintendents or owners, but they must be as ambitious, energetic, loyal, efficient and full of initiative as men who have this hope dangling before them.

They are expected to prove their worth by producing great statesmen when they are not allowed to vote or hold responsible office; by developing captains of industry when they are held in menial jobs; by developing great surgeons and scientists when they are kept out of hospitals and laboratories; by producing Napoleons before they can be officers and distinguished soldiers when their regiments are converted into labor battalions.

Children of this generation begin by reading in their fairy stories that black is associated with evil, in their geographies that there are five races of man of whom the Caucasian is superior, in their histories that Negroes were slaves and left no other mentionable contribution to the history of the world; in their science text-

books that the Negro is "prognathous, has a smaller cranial capacity and emits an odor like a goat," all to make up the content of a prejudice in later life for which they can assign no other cause save that of instinct and natural aversion.

Nor can Negroes themselves resist the overwhelming influence of this suggestion of inferiority and incapacity conveyed by every institution and custom of the civilization in which they live. They have in large measure come to look upon themselves in a vague, abstract sort of way as a block to the fulfillment of Anglo-Saxon ideals and civilization. When Negroes themselves refer to the "Negro Problem" they evidence this feeling. Under the pressure of daily slights and rude reminders of their station they have become super-sensitive and suspicious. Natural impulses are balked. Their philosophy is defensive rather than positive. Generation may succeed generation in the Negro world but they must remain the same, living, thinking and acting in the same way, if they are to get along without friction. Molded in the same American institutions with the rest they are expected to have a Negro psychology, to think and react differently to the same stimuli.

After all the burden of the black man is not so much the actual handicaps of which his life is made as the fact that the white world around him thinks itself right in imposing these handicaps. Honest prejudice is difficult to remove, especially when a system of laws and conduct has been worked out on the basis of it.

A Negro View of the Color Problem* BY JESSIE FAUSET BEING "colored," in America at any rate, means: Facing the ordinary difficulties of life, getting education, work, in fine getting a living plus fighting every day against some inhibition of natural liberties.

I am a colored woman, neither white nor black, neither pretty nor ugly, neither specially graceful nor at all deformed. I am fairly well educated, of fair manners and deportment. In brief, the average American done over in brown. In the morning I go to work by means of the subway, which is crowded. Presently somebody gets up. The man standing in front of the vacant place looks around meaning to point it out to a woman. I am the nearest one, "But oh, " says his glance, "you're colored. I'm not expected to give it to you. " And down he plumps.

At noon I go for lunch. But I always go to the same place because I am not sure of my reception in other places. If I go to • From "The World Tomorrow."

A N,EGRO VIEW OF THE COLOR PROBLEM

another place I must fight it through. But usually I am hungry. I want food, not a law-suit.

All of us are passionately interested in the education of our children, our younger brothers and sisters. And just as deliberately, as earnestly as white people discuss tuition, relative ability of professors, expenses, etc., so we in addition discuss the question of prejudice. "Of course he'll meet some. But will they let it interfere with his deserts 1"

I think the thing that irks us most is the teasing uncertainty of it all. Did the man at the box-office give us the seat behind the post on purpose? Is the shop-girl impudent or merely nervous1 Had the position really been filled before we applied for iU What actuates the teacher who tells Alice that the college preparatory course is really very difficult 1 So much is this difference impressed on us, "this for you but that quite Qther thing for me," that finally we come to take all expressions of a white man's justice with a cynical disbelief, our standard of measure being a provident "How does he stand on the color question 7"

We grow up thinking that there are no colored heroes. The foreign student hears of Garibaldi, of Cromwell, of Napoleon, of Marco Bozzaris. But neither he nor we hear of Crispus Attucks. There are no pictures of colored fairies in the story-books or even of colored boys and girls. "Sweetness and light" are of the white world.

Native Africans are" savages" owing their little knowledge of civilization to the kindly European traveler who is represented as half philanthropist, half savant. How much do we learn of indigenous African art, culture, morals? Weare given the impression that we are the last in the scale of all races, that even other dark peoples will have none of us.

More serious still, we are constantly being confronted with a choice between expediency and an intellectual dishonesty. If persisted in it is bound to touch the very core of our racial naturalness. And that is the tendency of the white world to judge us always at our worst and our own realization of that fact.

I have had to leave Philadelphia-the city of my birth and preference, because I was educated to do high school work and it was impossible for a colored woman to get that kind of work in that town.

And so the puzzling, tangling, nerve-wracking consciousness of color envelops and swathes us. Some of us it smothers.

John C. Young of Aden

A. Roman.ce of Medical Missionary Service BY REV. CAMPBELL M. MACLEROY, B.D.

W HEN Ion Keith-Falconer, Professor of Arabic at Cam- bridge University, died of fever, in May, 1887, at Sheikh- Othman, Arabia, at the age of thirty, Professor Thomas M. Lindsay, D.D., the Convener of the Foreign Mission Committee of the Free Chnrch of Scotland, made this powerful appeal: "Shall this Free Chut"ch, to 1vhose service he gave himself, abandon the work he began? God forbid that it should. Who, then, shall follow 'where he led the way, and bear aloft the banner' of Christ which the yotmg leader of the forlorn hope still grasps in his dead hand?"

In response to this challenge, a little company of men and women in succession have kept the flag fiying in that difficult outpost, within sight of the "barren rocks of Aden." To one man of the little band, blessed with a marvellous physique and a spirit that would never yield, it was given, throughout thirty-three years of service, to bnild on the foundation laid by Keith-Falconer. Now he, too, has ceased from labor, and the unfinished task makes its appeal for some one to take up the banner.

John Cameron Young was born in 1859 in England, where his father, a sergeant in the Royal Field Artillery, was stationed at the time. His boyhood and youth were spent near Steps Road, out from Glasgow. On his mother's side, he was a Cameron, and the Celtic strain showed itself in a warmth of feeling and a dauntless courage, which made him a greatheart among men. His contact with military ideals and discipline, through his father's training, left an indelible mark upon his character. He learned very early, also, invaluable lessons in the school of toil. At ten years of age he began to work, and, in due course, became an apprentice joiner in Glasgow. The great decision was made at a meeting in the Royal Arcade Hall, Oowoaddens, and his dedication to the service of Christ brought to a focus all his gifts and energies.

Having mastered his trade, he went to London to get better work, and there, after a meeting in connection with the London Missionary Society, he offered himself as a missionary. He was told that, without education and training, he could not be accepted, and to obtain these no help could be offered. His native grit and firm Christian purpose asserted themselves, and, with a grim determi- IJation, he set himself, like I~ivingstone, to climb the steep heights of learning. He soon entered Glasgow University, walking each morning from his home-a distance of six miles-for the eight 444 o'clock classes. In the long summer vacations, he worked at his trade. Next, he began medical studies, and eked out his living by teaching and by some work in connection with the Inland Reve1Jue Office. Having taken his medical degree, he attended divinity classes at the Glasgow Free Church College, studying under Bruce and Lindsay and Henry Drummond, and proving his power to win the hearts of men and women for Christ.

The man who, in spite of every hindrance, could thus, for al- most ten years, plod his way steadily towards his goal, was plainly being prepared for some big task. When, in 1892, he was ready, it was seen that the task had been prepared for him. He accepted the call to the hardest mission field in the world, the virtually closed land of Arabia, and on Sunday, November 6th, in his home church at Chryston, was ordained.

In his first seven years of work in South Arabia-a long spell in such a climate-he served his missionary apprenticeship. The diffieult language had to be learned; medical and surgical work had to be done in unsuitable premises and sometimes single-handed, ex- eept for the aid of native helpers, one of whom, Salem the dispenser, was with his chief to the last. On Sundays, the Medical Missionary of Sheikh-Othman became the Presbyterian Minister of Aden-the two places are ten miles apart-and this arrangement, which seemed . to add to the burden of the work, proved to be its inspiration. The little Keith-Falconer Memorial Church at Steamer Point became a real spiritual home for not a few of the exiles, and, in its vestry, which was open during the week also, many a young soldier found what he needed most of all-the strength of friendship, human and divine. Dr. Young was proud of his office as Acting Chaplain to the Presbyterian, Wesleyan, and Nonconformist soldiers of the gar- rison, and when a Scottish battalion, with its own chaplain, was in the camp, he would still come to early Parade Service, as if drawn by an irresistible attraction. Among the civil popUlation of Aden, in which Asiatic, European, and African rub shoulders with each other, he won his way increasingly by his manliness, tempered by a tact and courtesy which broke down many a prejudice and won for the missionary doctor the esteem and friendship of all sorts of men. POl' his outstanding services to the populace, especially in seasons of plague and famine, he received two Kaiser-i-Hind medals. He was never too busy-and no one in the whole settlement was busier than he-to show kindness to travelers of whose passing he had heard from home, and for everyone of them the name of Aden will always recall his hearty handshake and generous hospitality.

In South Arabia as a mission field, Young found a barren soil -as far as statistics could show. Open conversions were very few, and there is little wonder if we remember that it means certain per- secution or death to forsake Islam and remain in that land. Sheikh

Salem, the most noted convert, had to suffer great trials, and once Dr. Young had to make a fiying visit to Paris to secure his liberation from unjust imprisonment. But statistics are not the measure of success in God's work, and the healing ministry of those years softened many hearts among Arab tribesmen, and turned foes into friends.

To this beneficent ministry, Dr. Young devoted himself, body and soul, for a whole generation, and when at last his heart's desire and prayer is fulfilled, and" Arabia's desert ranger to Him shall bow the knee," all that the toil and endurance of those years have done in preparation for Ohrist's day will be made plain. To himself this work was as dear as life. After thirty-two years of it, he wrote: "I revel in the work, if I can use such a word to carry my meaning of real elljoyment in helping the suffering humanity that puts itself under our care."

Twice he visited America, wrote his delightful little book, Children of Arabia, besides taking his full share in the visitation of congregations, and speaking at all sorts of meetings which gave an opportunity to advance the cause of Ohrist. In those visits, he strengthened greatly the ties that bound him to his friends, and everywhere he made new friends.

The War wrought many changes in Aden and the interior, of which the most serious for the Mission was the occupation of Sheikh-' Othman, by the Turks, in July, 1915. It was retaken by British troops after eleven days, but, from that time till March, 1921, the hospital was closed, and the poor, suffering people were deprived of their greatest blessing. At the request of the Indian Government, Dr. Young took up the duties of the Port Health Officer for Aden, thus relieving an Indian Medical Service Officer for active service. These duties he discharged till the end of the War, and for some time after. It was characteristic of him that he laid by most of the official salary of those war years, and relieved the Ohurch of any further expense on his account.

Before the veteran left Scotland for the last time, towards the pnd of 1924, it was evident that even his iron strength was beginning to give way under a strain never endured so long by any European. Last January there was an epidemic of influenza and Dr. Young had a severe attack. To recuperate, he decided to visit Adis Abeba, in Abyssinia, about five hundred miles distaut across the Gulf of Aden, and hoped there to see in full operation the hospital, the site of which he had helped the American missionaries to choose. There, out of sight of those grim rocks laved by the Arabian Sea, which had become dear to him, out of sight, too, of the Yemen hills, beckoning ever to the fair regions beyond, on rruesday, }i'ebruary 2d, he fell asleep, and by friendly hands his body was laid to rest in African soil.

Plight of the Assyrian

A Letter from the Rev. E. W. McDowell, D.D., Mosul, Mesopotamia T AST year I made a trip to London and Geneva in behalf of our L Assyrian people. As you know, they were driven out of their homes by the 'rurks and since 1915 have been living in exile. F'or the last three years they have been camping out beside the road only a day or two's march from their beloved hills, in earnest expectation that the Ohristian Powers would be able to secure permission for them to reoccupy their own lands. But the question of the boundary between Irak and Turkey proved to be too difficult to be settled directly and was submitted to the League of Nations for a decision. The Assyrian country lies just along the border in dispute, and it was hoped that it might be possible, when the matter came up before the League, to have it included in Irak. It was the purpose of my visit, to London and Geneva to speak a word in behalf of our people before those in authority. I was received with the utmost courtesy by the Government in London and by prominent members of the League in Geneya. They were sympathetic and assured me of their purpose to do all that lay in their power to secure the return of their lands to the Assyrians.

As you know, the decision has been rendered and Mosul has been confirmed to Irak. But to our great disappointment the boundary has been so run as just to exclude the Assyrian territory, i. e., throwing it on the Turkish side of the border. This means their permanent eviction; the final loss of all their lands and homes. It has been a grievous blow to them. And what cuts them most deeply, even more than the loss of their lands, is the loss of their church buildings. These churches are very old, some of them dating back to the early centuries of the Ohurch. For more than a thousand years there had been continuous Ohristian worship at their altars. Now they must crumble into heaps of ruins and some of them be converted into mosques for Mohammedan worship.

The people themselves are in extreme destitution. Many are living in caves; others are housed among the ruins of deserted villages. They are without land and without homes. Some have located temporarily in Kurdish villages where the rents exacted are exorbitant. This last year was "locust year" and that region was devastated, scarcely anything being harvested. Is it strange that they are saying that both man anQ God have deserted them ~ Old Eshoo, a friend of mine these thirty-five years, called on me the other day. Like a thousand others he has been living on acorns and roots and is half starved. He is a silent old chap and he did not beg; he did not offer one word of complaint concerning hunger and cold.

447

He sat before me, with tears streaming down his wrinkled face, as he said over and over again, "We have sinned; we have sinned." It was his solution of the why and the wherefore of their cumulative troubles.

The friends of these people in England, under the leadership of the Archbishop of Canterbury, are endeavoring to raise a fund of one hundred thousand pounds sterling for their relief, and an English officer of high standing has been sent out to administer the fund. A. very small proportion of it is being used (about ten cents a person per day), to keep them alive until spring, and the bulk of the fund is to be devoted to the permanent settlement of the refugees on the land in Irak. The people themselves beg to be taken out of the country but they have been told that this is impracticable; it must be in Irak. But the British officials here and also the Irak Government have pledged their assistance. Land is to be donated to them "in freehold" and taxes are to be remitted for several years. Steps are being taken to find locations free as possible from malaria; having fertile soil; water for irrigation; pasturage for sheep; and as little exposed as possible to hostile tribesmen. They will have to build their own houses which they will be able to do out of sun-dried brick. The fund will be used to supply farming utensils, oxen, sheep and seed. It is estimated that this can be accomplished on the basis of about 25 pounds sterling to each family. There are in the neighborhood of 5,000 families.

If the people are left as they are, most of them must slowly perish. This will mean that there will be continuous appeals for funds to keep them from starving. It will be an annual problem. If this settlement project can be carried through successfully the people will be able to put in a small crop this spring and by summer time will be eating their own bread. How much more sensible and satisfactory all around! They will be permanently self-supporting and as Christian communities they will be an asset and not a liability.

The effort in England is not as successful as we had hoped and it has become evident that the fund will fall short of com~tion. If America takes hold of it the project will succeed.

The cause of these people appeals to me as being distinctly Christian in the widest sense. It is the cry which the pitifully small remnant of the Church of the East raises to its strong sister Church of the West to preserve it from extinction. It is felt generally that Christianity and Christian civilization have reached a great crisis. Importunate prayer is being urged on all sides that our God will stretch forth His hand to save. It may be tnat God will condition His answer to our prayers on the degree of mercy we exercise toward a sister church now hungry and naked and in prison; strangers in a strange land; and stretching forth their hands in supplication to us.

METHODS

EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 721 MUHLENBURG BLDG., PHn.AD~pmA, Pol.

INTERCESSORY MISSIONARIES prayer together during the two or A Project for Adult Missio-n Study three weeks of preparation for the Classes· special program.

REPOR.TED BY NELLIE EAB.LES QUIMBY PROGRAM FOR A MEETING TO ENLIST INTERCESSORY MISSIONARIES PURPOSE-To recruit members of the home church as intercessory for. HYMN-"Prayer Is the Soul's Sineign missionaries. cere Desire."

"An intercessory foreign mission· RESPONSIVE READING – Scripture at·y is a laborer who cannot go in per- verses on prayer.

son to the foreign field, but who has The verses may be selected by the leadE'T and typewritten, or mimeographed copies set himself apart to pray for definite distributed. The leaflet, "God's Answers details of the foreign missionary to Our Questions on Prayer," t may be diswork."-Rev. .Alfred E. Street, tributed aud used as a responsive reading. Haman, South China. PRAYER-Thanksgiving and praise METHOD-Explain to the study should form the major part of the class the purpose and plans for en- prayer. Pray also that some of those listing members of the home church present may pledge themselves to beas intercessory foreign missionaries. come intercessory foreign mission- Let the class decide to what group or aries. groups the appeal for intercessory missionaries shall be made-mission- LEADER-Prayer is a fOrele as real ary society, prayer meeting group, as electricity. The practice of prayer adult classes in church school, home is the outstanding challenge to the department, etc. Plan a special pro- Christian Church. Dr. J. Campbell gram which will present the need and White says, "Prayer is the first and opportunity for missionary interces- chief method of solving the missionsors. ary problem. Among all the meth- ods that have been devised, none is Precede the program with two or more practical, more fruitful than three weeks of personal work. Di- this, If we could get a definite group of people at home into the .h~bit of vide the members of your mission supporting by prayer each IUlsslOnar.y study class so that they may work in the thick of the fight, by thlS simple method alone the efficiency of together by twos, and assign them the present missionary force could their quota of individuals of the probably be doubled, without adding group for whom the special program a single new missionary to the force." is to be prepared. They should interest those eonstituting their quota STORY ILLUSTRATION-(All story ilin the proposed program and in the lustrations are to be given by somepossibility of becoming intercessory one other than the leader.) Miss missionaries. Phoebe Emery, an evangelistic mis- sionary in Moradabad, India, writes: Each of the teams of two should pray together daily, and once a week all the workers should meet for ~ project Is based on "Prayer and MIs- t Literature Headquarters, 723 Muhlenberg Building Philadelphia.. Price 1c, 5c a dozen. sions," by Helen Barrett Montg<>mery, and the Another' leaflet which furnishes verses for. a stories and Quotations are taken from this book. re,.,ponsive reading and also blanks tor special PubliShed by the Centra.l Committee for the objects for intercession is "What God. Has. Said United Study of Foreign Mission.. About Prayer," Price 2c, 15c dozen.

4 449

M1sSIO~AltY RllVIE'W O:F TItE 'WOttLD

"We had had a day of remarkable LEADER-" And it shall come to pass sU,ccess in the village work. Every- that, before they call, I will answer; where we went doors flew open and and while they are yet speaking, I people were touched by the Message. will hear."

Several times I said to the native STORY ILLUSTRATION-A Scotch mis- preacher and to the Bible reader, sionary tells of meeting a young girl 'Someone is praying for us today!' in a train as she was returning from They, too, agreed that such remark- a Keswick Conference. She learned able spiritual manifestations could that the girl had been reading abcut be accounted for in no other way. the conference and longed to become "Out of this thought came a poem a missionary intercessor and it was which I scribbled down as we jogged agreed that she should take this mis- along in the ox cart. Weeks later I sionary as her prayer partner. "In had a letter from a lady in America ten minutes we had to part," she whom I had never seen, saying, 'God writes, "but I went back to India has led me to select your name for feeling that I had a missionary col- special prayer, and today my five- league here at home. That was six hour prayer period was given to you.' years ago, and I have never seen that The date, allowing for difference in girl since. But we have been in close time, exactly coincided with the one touch by letter all the time. To be on which 'J wrote the poem. I sent my effectual intercessor, she has read her a copy and she has been my and studied and asked questions till staunch prayer comrade ever since." she knows and understands, to an al- HYMN-" 'Tis Prayer Supports most incredible extent, about my the Soul That's Weak." work and surroundings, my helpers, STORY ILLUSTRATION-After one of and the people I am working among.

the world trips made to study the And I cannot tell you what unspeak- different mission fields and their able help her prayers have brought needs, some one asked Dr, John R. me hundreds of times, how real a Mott, "What is the greatest need of fellow-worker I have felt her to be all our missions today ~ ,, along. I should never think now of He replied: "The greatest need is counting up our staff in that district not more men, not more money. It is without counting her as one. Only more prayer." last week I had a letter from her, in This need is illustrated by the ex- which she tells· me how her life has perience of a missionary in South been quite changed by this mission- Africa. The cast-off wife of a cruel ary service. Her lonely, quiet viI;.

chief came to the compound pleading lage life has been filled and made rich to be taken in. There was no money and large by the spiritual partner- to feed even one more mouth. The ship which is as real to her as it is to missionary and his wife prayed and me. And she tells me, too, that, rose from their knees in peace and through becoming missionary inter- full assurance that the needed funds cessor for me, the missionary cause would be supplied. That very night everywhere has become real and dear at evening prayers a Christian man to her as it never was before."

in Syracuse, New York, was asking H YMN-" Blest Be the Tie That God to direct him in the spending of Binds," the first three stanzas.

thirty dollars that had unexpectedly PRESENTATION OF THE PRAYER PRO- come into his hands. Instantly there JEoT-The leader must put time and came into his heart the conviction prayer upon the preparation of this that he ought to send it to this mis- part of the service. Study thor- sionary in South Africa, who months oughly Chapter VI in "Prayer and before had been a guest in his house. Missions," by Helen Barrett Mont- At the very hour they were praying gomery. Emphasize especially the in Africa, the answer was preparing cultivation of the prayer life (pages in America. 188-195), and definiteness in prayer

BEST

(the first paragraph of page 199), when many missionaries are on fur- and from the last paragraph on page lough every year, it is not unusual for 203 through the first one third of them to go two and two, as did the page 207. :first disciples under the direction of Have simple purpose cards pre.- Jesus, to visit every town in certain pared. While soft music is played localities. Not only in churches but pass these cards with pencils to every also in schools, and before men's and one, urging all to sign who will. women's organizations of various CLOSING PRAYER SERVlCE – An- kinds these team mates speak so that nounce a period of directed silent practically every one may have op- prayer, followed by all singing portunities to hear of their experi- softly as a prayer a suitable hymn. ences, their reports of what has been Have all locate the hymn before the done, and their plans for future prayer so there may be no confusion work.

at the end. Handel's Largo, or other Recently a team composed of not quiet music may be played very softly two but twelve missionaries, repre- during the prayer period. Ask your senting the four foreign fields occu- audience to bow their heads in silent pied by the United Presbyterian communion with God. A minute Church of North America, made a later suggest. a prayer of thanksgiv- tour of two synods including many ing. Don't hurry. Take time to offer cities and towns in Ohio, and some an earnest, sincere prayer yourself, places in the bordering states of In- then you can be certain you are not diana, Michigan, West Virginia, and hurrying your audience. A minute Pennsylvania. 'On Sabbatli days, the later ask for prayers of consecration individuals in the team spoke in dif- to the work of intercessory foreign ferent churches so that every congre- missionaries. gation of this denomination in these Then have some one at your signal synods had the privilege of hearing sing as a solo: a missionary. Special conferences "We love thy name we heed thy rod, were held with pastors and' mission- Thy word our law; 0 graeious Godl ary workers of the churches on week We wait thy will; on thee we call; days. Our light, our life, our love, Our all." Two unusual features presented by H YMN-" Spirit of God! Descend this team, marking an advance in mis- Upon My Heart." sionary methods, are worthy the con- sideration of those who welcome suc- LEADER-Dismiss the meeting with cessful ways of impressing missionthe earnest words: "The harvest in- ary facts. Three of these special prodeed is plenteous, but the laborers are grams were given weekly, on aIterfew: pray ye therefore the Lord of nate evenings, in centrally located the harvest, that he send forth labor- churches with members of several ers into his harvest."

A TOUR OF TWELVE congregations in attendance. The first of the special features was REPORTED BY MRs. JAMES C. LEWIS a presentation of the United Presby- When I was a little girl I heard terian ";Missionary Movie ' '-ten reels that a girlhood friend of my mother's of excellent motion pictures taken in had come home for furlough after Egypt under the personal supervision serving as a missionary in Africa. I of a missionary who was formerly a longed to go to the city, sixteen miles newspaper man. In this particular distant, to see a real, live missionary tour, the "movie" was in charge of and to hear of her wonderful experi- an industrial worker in Nasser, the ences, but I did not get to go. Thirty Sudan.

years ago the visit of one missionary The experiences of missionaries to a town was an event of great im- from the time they sail from the portance. In these modern days homeland are most interestingly de-

picted, especially their, ways of liv- is presented as only those who have ing and working, and their contacts witnessed such experiences, or lived with Eastern peoples. The glamour them with their converts in nonof the Orient holds the observer ob- Christian lands, can portray them livious of time as he views on the most vividly. silver screen the Egyptian and other Eastern people in their costumes, It is not often that a pageant is picturesque or sordid, and notes their presented by those who have first interesting customs, crowded streets, lived their parts. This cast included the Associate Secretary o:f the Board wonderful mosques, primitive meth- of Foreign Missions, the President of ods in rural districts. The beautiful Gordon College at Rawalpindi, India, historical scenes of this romantic who has been in missionary service Land of the Nile have a splendid edu- :for thirty-four years. cational value. In no other way could the people at home obtain a bet- The part of the hero was taken by ter grasp of the work of their church a missionary of Pathankot, a perabroad than by seeing these actual sonal :friend of Khan Chand, who has pictures of missionary buildings and lived among the foothills o:f the Himequipment, students at work, hos- alayas and been in close contact with pitals in operation, and other activi- the Pathans who come down frcm the ties made very real by the familiar mountains into the plains. Another faces of missionaries on the field missionary played -the part of Khan whom they know personally. Chand's mother and directed the en- tire presentation. These motion pictures are, so far as we know, the most extensive under- A representative of the work at taking of this kind released by any Sangla Hill, India, and four missionmission board. Two complete out- aries from Egypt added greatly to the fits are now in operation and it is realism o:f the play. These included planned to continue their presenta- an evangelist from Beni Sue:f, a tions until all the members of this teacher from the boys' scheol at Church in the States have had oppor- Zigazig, a kindergarten teacher from tunity to see them. Alexandria, and a member of the faculty of the Girls' College at Cairo. The second special feature was a pageant. In several respects this From the Sudan, too, came a mispageant is "different." ~he story is sionary engaged in educational work not merely realistic-it is real. It at Doleib Hill, and from Assiut Hoswas lived first. So :force:fully did it pital in Egypt, a dector and his impress the missionary who had part wife. in the experiences, and so graphically did he tell it to others, that a pageant A missionary nurse from Sayo, was chosen as the best form in which Abyssinia with the unusual experito present it to audiences. Real names ence :for a woman o:f trekking across o:f real people are retained in the pa- that country had a background for thetic story of Khan Chand, a wealthy making her message real. young Indian who, as a result of a visit in Rawalpindi City, later became Seldom, if ever, has such a group a Christian and was driven from his of players presented in pageant form home. Members o:f his :father's fam- as gripping a message as the one ily, heartbroken over his disloyalty to given in connection with this tour of their gods, could not forgive him. twelve. When a reconciliation with his wi:fe The entire tour accomplished much. seemed possible, his tragic death in a By visits to the churches, valuable wreck occurred. The closing scene is personal contacts aroused greater misan appeal to carry the Gospel to Khan sionary interest. In the conferences, Chand's people. This affecting story special problems have been heard and helpful solutions offered. The pic- tures gave valuable information in an attractive and impressive way, while

1926J BEST METHODS

the pageant opened the eyes of thou- trepret our religious beliefs to nonsands of people to a new understand- Christian Orientals in terms which ing of what it means to "leave all to they can understand and which will follow Christ." win their sympathetic consideration ¥ Teo many volunteers do not know FOR THE WEEKLY GROUP their English Bibles. They merely hope to some day. They are not yet MEETING able to introduce Jesus intelligently to others and to interpret Christian By MILTON STAUFFER belief_ It is a painful confession and alarming. Why not regard the other Student volunteers and other members of your group as nongroups will welcome these sugges- Christians once each month and "tell tions from the Educational Secretary the story"? 'Vhy not discuss within of the Student Volunteer Movement. the group at least three or four of the most recent books on Christian faith The following suggestions may be and doctrine each year 1 of help to group leaders who find the weekly volunteer group meeting' set- 3. A limited number of well chosen tling into a rut and not creative of books and pamphlets, dealing with mllch inspirational and educational the preparation of volunteers, would benefit. The character of our weekly constitute admirable material for ocmeetings may be an index of hew casional group meetings at a time much real life there is in our indi- when so much emphasis is placed on vidual membership. Beware of stag- quality. As future missionary candination! Someone must think and work and pray for these meetings if dates we can well afford to give the their largest values are to be realized. subject of preparation a large place Have you a purpose for your group T in our weekly meetings. "The For- Does your plan for its meetings ex- eign Missionary," by A. J. Brown, tend over a whole semester T These "An Introduction to Missionary Servweekly meetings offer volunteers the ice, " by G. A. Gollock, the special litlargest single opportunity for mutual erature issued by the Committee on helpfulness.· They should not be Missi('nary Preparation, such pam- " prayer meetings' , or ' ,missionary meetings" as these are generally un- phlets as "The Aim and Motive of derstood, but group meetings in the J,fissionary Service," by Stanley sense. that they are planned with the Jones; "Why Leave non-Christian special needs of local volunteers in America for the Orient" 1 by Dr. mind. Some of the fdlowing sugges- Walter Judd; "The Measure of a tion!:! call for an uninterrupted series Modern Missionary," by W. N. of weekly meetings, some for one Wysham; "Not Leaders but Saints meeting monthly, while others are re- and Servants," byJ. C. Winslow; sponsible of realization within the "Preparation for Missionary Servlimits of a single hour. ice, " by Paul W. Harrison, and" The 1. One meeting each month might Christian Enterprise Abroad" sugbe given over to an informal discus- gest the wealth of material at the dis~ sion of the devotional side of our posal of your group. Why not order religious life. some of these books and pamphlets immediately from headquarters 7 2. Many groups may feel the need of greater emphasis on "the things 4. A short but uninterrupted ser~ most surely believed among us. ' , One ies of meetings each semester in which meeting each month is not too much the group engages in an intensive for volunteers to devote to matters of study of some great mission field or Christian faith and doctrine. Have some special type of missionary servwe sufficient reason, not to mention ice, may also be features in any proexperience, behind our religious con- gram extending over a semester. Of victions T Are we preparing to in- the material orie might use for such a

sCehriiens~"' 'Looking Toward a Christian tion, should be urged to do so, in or- and "Missions and World der to familiarize the volunteers with Problems" are discussion courses spe- the changing aspects of missionary cially prepared this year for student service in many sections of the still groups. ' 'The Christ of the Indian relatively non-Christian world.

MRoosald~"m by Stanley Jones; "The 7. Each semester's program might World in Revolution," by well include occasional meetings in which volunteers will be reminded of W. Wilson Cash; "The Task in Ja- their individual responsibilities as ex- pressed in the fourfold purpose of the pan, " by Reischauer; "New Day.s in Movement. These meetings will also furnish an opportunity to consider to- Latin America, " by W. E. Browmng; gether the history, principles and activities of the Movement, as well as "The Future of Africa," by Donald Fraser and b"yThHeenWryayHoofdgthkeinG, o~orde Physician,"

books which offer interesting readmg and which would furnish admirable matters of more personal interest to subjects for weekly discussions. "The individual volunteers. Gospel and the Plow," br Sam Higginbottom, is an interestmg accou-r:t 8. At regular intervals the weekly of the Allababad Agricultural InstI- meeting might be given over to intute which undertakes to bring the tensive Bible study. As volunteers we Gospel to needy millions of Indi~ by could concentrate with great profit teaching them how to draw a httle on the missionary purpose of God as farther away from the starvation revealed in the Bible. The most reline. cent help for such a study will be found in Hugh Martin's" The King- 5. It would be fine if each semester dom Without Frontiers," Lapham's the group could give several meetings "The Bible as Missions Handbook," to a review of more technical books and Dr. Gilkey's "Jesus and Our on missions such as the "Report of the Educational Commission to East Generation. " You may not agree Africa" the report of the Confer- with the author at every point, neverences held by Dr. Mott in India and theless in his general presentation he the Near East, now published under is accurate and inspiring. the title, "The Moslem World To- 9. Some groups might welcome a. day," or the" The Report of the Conference on Christian Work in Latin series of meetings on "Non-Christian America," now published in two ':'01- practices and relationships in Amerumes and quite readable, or the Chma ica" or "areas of life and thought in Mission Year Book for 1925, published in Shanghai, or the Year Book this country which are still nODon Christian Missions in Japan. If Christian." We need frank consideraJlY large number ill the group hap- ation of these subjects because these pen to be interested in one country are the things which militate against above another why not subscribe to the effective witness of American misthe chief missionary pUblication from sionaries abroad. What is Jesus' way t:Q.at country? of life for Americans and how can we make the total impact of our life 6. The occasional use of foreign and thought upon the rest of the sintugdencats~piufsense,cesissaryhefraormtilyneirgebcboomr– world consistently and effectively mended. These students should be encouraged to speak f~~nkly on the Christian' peculiar needs of theIr homelands, 10. 'Occasionally one may secure and iif qualified to interpret the char- variety in the program by devoting a meeting or two to current events acter and longings of the indigenous which have a direct bearing on mis- sionary activities, especially such churches abroad especially with ref- events abroad as present dimlcuIties and challenges to indigenous Chris- erence to future missionary coopera- tianity.

BEST

11. The presentation of recent facts of the Movement, the relation of the regarding the progress of Christian- Christian life to the missionary ity in other lands in the form of a spirit, the Union Conference, summer world survey stressing the growing possibilities for home missionary extriumphs and magnitude of Christ's perience, the realization of our four- Kingdom, always results in new in- fold purpose through our identifying terest and enthusiasm among volun- ourselves with the religious organizateers. It gives them material for their tions of our campus. deputation work, and enables them to interpret intelligently and sympathet- 16. "And when the Day of Penteically the Christian missionary enter- cost was fully come they were all with prise as it is today. Without this one accord in one place." Every livprogressive interpretation, the edu- ing volunteer group will insist on setcational work of missions in Ameri- ting apart at least one weekly meetcan churches is bound to suffer and ing each month primarily and solely the policy of the American Church for united prayer. To the extent that sure to lag behind the accepted pro- group intercession for foreign misgram of indigenous churches abroad. sions receives secondary emphasis, missionary enthusiasm and spiritual 12. No semester's program of meet- victories "take the air." ings will meet the need without a generous place for biographies. "One A RADIO PROGRAM: burning heart sets another on fire." If our volunteers are not burning it REPORTED BY MARrON KING ~OMPSON, is because of the company they keep. Why not let such biographies as IJynchburg, Va. "Henry Martyn: Confessor of the Faith " and "Robert Moffat, One of Several months ago we wrote to the God's' Gardeners, " rekindle the fiame? three missionaries supported by our Loyola's charge to his companions congregation, telling them we were was "Go and set the world on fire." planning a radio program and asking Someone has suggested that each local them to write what they would like to group provide itself with a circulat- say to our Sunday-school if they were ing library of great missionary biog- broadcasting.

raphies. After the several months required for the passage of letters, we received 13. If the group is large enough or their messages and arranged our if enough interested students can be radio program for the Sunday-school. added for the purpose, why not tackle A radio was placed in front for the occasion. a missionary play? A woman and two men stood be- 14. For two or three meetings in hind· a curtain with a megaphone each semester the volunteers of any through which they gave the message. group might be ~sked to represent .the Of course we had some static and different countrIes of South AmerIca, other realistic necessities. In the Africa, the Orient or the Moslem front of OUr room there is a large map world. The leaders would then sug- of the world with electric light bulbs gest two or three problems related.to placed to represent the location of our missions and common to all countrIes missionaries. While the letters were represented. In the discussion that being read the lights shone' at the follows each volunteer would be ex- place at which the missionaries were pected to express the views of the working. country he represents. The fourth member of this school 15. Occasional meetings might be to go as a missionary will likely sail devoted to such general subjects of during the year. She also will be supprimary interest to volunteers as ported by the school. "The Evangelization of the World in this Generation," the declaration card

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVENUE', NEW YORK A NEW VENTURE devotional part of each Institute, By GERTRUDE CoDY WHEATON prayers and Bible readings suggested The tollowlng article on the way the Women's in the book. This was followed by a short talk on the value and need of p"i,P:.rtOh~~~ o~J~cret(>[~:~ ~~r.,~~~ot o~le~h; such a book. Two other women pre- sented the book, "On Earth Peace," study books, SePtenlb~r 21-30, 1925 will prove to which was added the outline study, =:::: t'!:ae:J!i.,;,t!':nd J:i.~'!::~!~~!y t~r o~;~. "The Search for Peace," these books .. ~~~:r ~ lg~ ~~dr~~~:d (~r~"ll I:l:~=:~:'~ Building, Clev.,Iand, Ohio.

The church women of Cleveland supplementing each other and to- feel the need, yearly, for some sort of gether making an excellent study interdenominational presentation of course, Two women, one who had the current study books, for an en- traveled in South America and one thusiastic conference on "How to who was born there of missionary Use, What to Use and When to Use" parents, presented the three books, these splendid books. The chairman "Looking Ahead with Latin Amer- of our women's department, Mrs. Dan ica" "New Days in Latin America "

Bradley, asked Mrs. Gertrude Oody and "Makers of South America:"

Wheaton to be program chairman and More than one woman had to be to arrange for their presentation at prepared on each book as the Insti- the usual Fall Institute of Missions. tutes were on consecutive days and A new plan presented itself to the one woman could not give eight sue.

committee, namely, to have the books cessive days. Two women who knew taught entirely by lay-women of our the problems of our young people own city, none of whom were to re- talked about ways of getting the ceive any remuneraticm. We were at- "'teen age" interested in missions.

tempting to disprove that a prophet The home mission study book had is without honor in his own city. That the distinction of having the one man IS very difficult because there is a speaker of the entire program, Mr.

charm and advertising power about Prucha of The Federated Churches the expert from another city. staff, who knows our immigrant prob- There were eight one-day regional lem of Cleveland and the Slavic prob- meetings of the Institute held in eight lem in general, spoke at several meet- widely separated churches, taking in ings. At others, we had "Peasant each of the main districts. The results Pioneers" presented by book reviews.

were satisfactory enough to make us Added to these deeper presentations feel that many cities could' do the we had "Slovak Susan" in costume same thing. Forty women were. lined borrowed from one of our own. Slovak .up for the program: some presided, women, speaking for the needs of the some reviewed the various books, some Slavic women right. here in our own .gave dramatic presentations, some city. The monologue by Mrs. Kretsch- gave demonstrations of how to inter- mann, in Best Methods, August,1925, est children or young people in mis- MISSIONARY REVIEW, was used as a sions. Two had charge of exhibits. basis for Slovak Susan 'spIca for co- One woman spoke on each of the fol- operation on the part of missionary- lowing subjects: "Prayer and Mis- spirited women in her behalf.

sions," "South America, " "The The best part of the program to Slav," "Peace." Four women were many was the demonstration, "How .prepared on Mrs. Montgomery's book, to Teach Missions to Primary and "Prayer and Missions," using for the Junior Children in the Church School 4!i6 or Mission Band." DGlls and pic- equipped with a dining room to aetures, maps and articles of various comodate at least one hundred women kinds were used with the stories in for the noon luncheon. A committee simple and appealing ways so as to on places and hospitality was necesteach through the eyes as well as sary. The twenty or more churches in through the ears. Many people are the various districts were invited by ,realizing that an effective way to in- the president of the entertaining terest the world in missions is to be- church and the whole missionary sogin with the child. 'l'he women were ciety acted as hostesses. To one Innot ashamed to confess that they en- stitute a large delegation of colored joyed the children's program for women came from several churches. themselves apart from their interest The prominent missionary women who in learning how to teach chilcken. were hostesses deliberatelv sat with some of this group at IUli.ch so that The study books for Juniors were exhibited and a graphic explanation was they would be sure to feel entirely made as to why they are of value and welcome. for what special groups they are One woman remarked, ' , You are adapted. Another part of our programs was wasting your energy in putting on called "Missionary Hymns: New these very difficult programs. Our Uses for Added Inspiration." Here Boards write us letters telling us what were suggested and outlined the books to use and how to use them. stories of hymns and their authors, Why should you women think you followed by the singing of these must go to all this hard work T" The hymns and the suggested use of slides program chairman replied, "Do you with other hymns. An inspiring pro- think that letters can do what pergram of worship and praise was in sonalities standing right up in front of women can do Y A letter can't have this way demonstrated for a pleasant missionary night or entertainment. a bright, interested face, a pleasing voice full of enthusiasm, eyes which At each church, the Central Pub- say, 'I love this great cause of mislishing Co. of Cleveland put up a sions, come let's work a little harder table of study books, old and new, for together for Christ's Kingdom.' " sale, and other helpful missionary literature, plays, leaflets, magazines. The results were that most of these women who taught the books were Ji'or, as the leader said, "How can we lined up on our Cleveland Lay-Womenthuse others unless. we know, and en's Christian Service Speakers B.urhow can we kng·w unless we study for eau, and in five weeks fifty calls have ourselves T No missionaries or speakers can pour into our minds enough c,ome to the Bureau and many calls knowledge to make the kind of en-' have gone directly to the speakers thusiasm which stirs others." . Be- themselves, so that there need be no sides the books, there were charming speakerless meeting in our city posters by Miss Maude Bradley of through lack of capable lay_women Providence, Rhode Island, and Mrs. Mary Telford of Dayton, Ohio. No speakers. Institute of Missions is complete with- Another result has been that one .

out some illustrations to show the group of women in a very prominent church folks how to advertise. church decided that they, too, would study missions. There had never been In a city of over a miIliGn people a group studying by themselves in that church. As they purchased their it is hard to determine where to take eight One – Day – Demonstrating – Mis- books they said, "This is the result of seeing these other women so intersions-Institutes. Since this was all ested. It comes out of your Instiunder The Federated Churches we tute.' , We know there are great orehad to be SThre to use churches of a variety of denominations. Next, the suIts we cannot measure but we feel sure that we are working hand-in churches must be easily accessible, and hand with Ghrist. "My Father works

and I work" is a good motto for these 5. Missions presented from the pulpit and lay-women who are trying to spur on in Sunday school.

our Cleveland women to greater study Total points, 5. Highest possible score 50 and better programs. Local church points……. Score •. .'.•. : Ministry PAR STANDARD 1. Resident pastor in the community or For a Rural Church area, giving full time to one church or two or more yoked churches. '

Physical Equipment 2. ~he c~urch, or churches, helping finan- 1. Comfortable II!'d attractive parsonage, CIally ill matter of pastor's membership mod~rn .eonvelllences, rent free. in 80me form of Annuity Fund.

2. AudItonum adequate to Beat maximum Total points, 2. Highest possible score, 20. Local church points……. Score ….• ,.. a. attendance at regular service. Organ and piano. Program 4. ~od l:>mps, acetylene, electric lighting, if possIble. 1. Systematic attempts to serve over as 5. Parking space or horse-sheds. ~rge an a:eR of the countryside as pos- 6. Properties kept in good repair and in slble, meetmg every need, condition and good order, inside and out. opportunity revealed by a careful study Total points, 6. Highest possible score, 60. of the same. Local church points……. Score …… . 2. Definite plan and program setting goals for year's work adopted annually by Finance church offi.cers and caotntgernetgioantiondf and held steadily before the 1. Church budget, including both local ex- penses a:ad be~evolences, adopted annually church. by congregatIon. a. Assumption of responsibility for some 2. ~ery Member Canvass for weekly offer- part of the church program (i. e., regu- mg, made annually on basis of budget; all church members, attendants and un- lar stated service) by at least twenty- attached persons solicited; envelope sys- tem used. five per cent of church members.

a. Bu~get of bene~olences meeting denomi- 4. Regular system of farm-stead visitation nll,tlqllal apportIonment or a -minimum SUm equll,! to one third o'f expense budget. participated iii by both pastor and peo- 4. All current hills paid monthly, and an ple. ~rr~gement a~ the bank whereby min- Ister s salary 18 placed to his credit on 5. Systematic evangelism of the educa- the first day of every month. 5. Systematic plan of payments, on prin- tional sort reaching entire area served cipal and interest of any church indebt- edlllllls, with additional provision for any and every resident therein. yearly refunds due Church Building So- ciety. 6. Definite effort to interest various age 6. Properties adequately Insured. and sex groups in religious, social and Total points, 6. Highest possible seore, 60. LoeaJ church points……. Soore ….•.. recreational activities. 7. Established goal for yearly Increase ia membership.

S. Service rendered to all oceupational classes and all racial elements not other- wise provided for.

9. Community service a definite part of church work. _ 10. Yearly systematic survey and mapping of area served, with view to a constant MeeUngs adaptation of the church program to 1. At least one service of worship and Sun- changing lleeds and opportunities as day school each Sabbath. they may arise; 2. Some form of occasional or week-night Total points, If). Highest possible seare, 100. service. Local church points……. Score..•….

Total points, 2. Hignest possible score, 20. Cooperation :ye>eaJ church points ……………. _ LoeaJ church score •••….•.••…..•• Cooperation with: 1. Local or near-by churches. Religious and Missionary Education 11. State and county interdenominational re- 1.. An every-Sunday Church School with an ligious agencies.

average attendance of two thirds of its 3. Local community organizations. 4. ~unty, state and _national welfare agen- membership. ClBS. 2. Efficient Rome Department and Cradle 5. Local and county agricultural agencies. a. Roll. made for enlistment and train- 6. Denominational boards. Provision Total points, 6. Highest possible score, 60. Ing of leaders for church and Sunday Local church points……. Score .•..•..

school work. 8U11T1mary 4. Definite and regular attempts to bring Total points, 37. Highest possible score, 370. Local church points……. Score••..••• p.uPils Into church membership with spe- cific prepara.tory instruetion.

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY MISS ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 25 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY AN INTRODUCTION TO MRS. CHIU, tional and welfare work among the OF SHANGHAI workers in different places; the Y. W. C. A. has been doing work It is with special pleasure that we along the line of creating public opin- ion and studying the conditions of laintroduce to our readers Mrs. W. T. bol'; and the Church definitely adopted a labor standard in May, Zung Chiu, of Shanghai, China. She 1922, at the National Christian Con- ferenc-e. is a graduate of a mission school and Then what are the actual condiof Smith College (1919) in America. tions in both the old and modern in- dustrial places 7 It will take pages to She also studied in England, was a delegate to the international labor conference at Geneva and is now an officer on the staff of the National Committee and the National Chris- tian Council of China. This splendid article from the pen of this brilliant young woman will be read with keen interest. E. D. MACL.

THE INDUSTRIAL SITUATION IN CHINA By W. T. ZUNG Omu, Shanghai, China Not until very recent years have people taken any interest in the wel- fare of the workers. The products of Chinese handicraft have been ad- mired and treasured far and wide, for centuries. But how many people have ever troubled themselves with the conditions under which those beautiful silks, tapestries, carvings, linens, potteries and so forth are made Y Likewise for more than thirty years since the ihtrQd.uction of rna· chinery into China noboay seemed to be concerned with the multitude of MRS. W. T. ZUNO eHIU (ZUNO WEll 'rSUNO) evils in connection with modern industry such as child and woman lao write about the apprenticeship system bor, long hours, unhealthy conditions alone. Suffice it to say that save for or low wages. We might sa.Y that very exceptional instances in all the some people, either Cb,ristians or non. work-places, new or old, these condi- Christians did appear to take interest tions are nearly identical, namely, in the poor people by doing excellent long working hours, no rest day, low wages, child labor, unhealthful condicharity work but few have ever tried tions, and no chance of development. to seek the roots of poverty, misery, Perhaps one can understand better if and wretchedness. Among these few some of the tenp.s are accompanied with a few words of explanation. are the Y. M. C. A.., Y. W. C. A. and They are as follows: the Christian Chureh whieh find their expression in various ways. The Y. M. C. A. through its social and L Lottg working hours.

industrial workers is doing educa- Fourloon or sixteen hours in old work 459

shops per day with few holidays during the Nations so she is not excluded from Chinese New Year and one or two big fes- partaking in the International Labor tivals. Organization activities. In March, 1923, the Chinese Government issued Twelve hours in mills where two shifts a set of factory regulations but up to are worked with two days' rest per month. this time they are not yet enforced. Fourteen or sixteen hours in silk filatures China is also not uninfluenced by the wh~re there is one shift. ideas of human value and equality of Fourteen, sixteen, or eighteen hours in opportunity for every human being, mines with or without weekly rest day. so we find the rapid growth of a labor 2,. Low wages. movement-a consciousness among labor. In spite of the fact that there Dollars and cents will not mean much to is no sanction for labor to associate, those who do not know the money value and unions of all kinds are found in this the prices of food in China. A silk woman country, headed by people who are worker testified before the Child Labor Com· mission in Shanghai in 1923 that thirty·six usually known either as "rotten years ago when she was seven years old she politicians" or "radically-minded began to work ill a silk filature as stirrer of cocoons in the boiling basin. She got youths. " 15 cents a day then. The little workers doing As the Church has just begun to the same process now get 18 or 20 cents a day. The reelers at that time received as a take interest in the labor conditions daily wage, 30 cents and the reelers today there is plenty of reason to say that get 37 or 38 cents a day. A picul of rice the Church as a whole has not yet thirty-six years ago cost $2.50 and today awakened to the vitalness of the ques- $13.00 (dollllrs and cents here are in Mex., tion. There is plenty of reason too ahout half the gold value). Prices of other for anti-Christians to say that the kinds of food have gone up at the same Christian Church is allied with caprate as rice; 80 has rent. italism and imperialism. There are already instances where labor groups 3. Chad labor. refuse to cooperate with the Christian social workers. They seem to have It is a very common sight to see young very little faith in the Christian tots of five, even four, or six work in both Church. We have to recognize this the cotton and silk factories. When parents' wages are low, habies have to earn fact–that there are very few Chris" money to buy· rice. tian leaders in China, missionaries or non-missionaries, who can pretend to 1I, Unhealthful conditions. understand what the labor movement In old work-shops it is fairly customary means. for employees to sleep in the places where they-work in the day time. In modern fac· The Church has done her part in tories practically no attention is given to medicine; education, and bringing th~ comfort of the workers. Many eat their meals while they work. Ventilation, tern· the Christian message to the thouperature, first aid are in most eases unheard sands of Chinese people in the past. of luxuries. The cotton mills in the North China is progressing despite the fact have adopted the dormitory system. The little workers share beds with eacK other- that she is handicapped b:f all kinds that is to say, when the night shift works, of internal and external disturbanCleS. the day shift crawls into the beds just left If we wish to see the Church in China by the former. The housing conditions in as the leading spirit in all phases of the mill districts· in Shanghai are just ap- life, the Church should cultivate herpalling. Dozens of people are often found self in knowing and understanding to be curling up in one room. These people more fully the needs of the people. are exposed to all kinds of diseases all the The Church should consider it h1lr year round. duty to find means to help remove the causes of social unrest. Until then With conditions .as aforesaid, who the Church will be looked upon as can wonder that so-called agitators something that helps to maintain the could find reasons for agitation Y On present social order which is beneficial the top of all that there is the foreign capital which creates misunderstand- to the favored few. ing by adopting the contract system. Through the barriers of language, lack of sympathy, and racial prejudices, the rank and file are suffering greatly.

Cb.j.~1!- is II. member of the League of

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AFRICA which meant some hours of weary I'urity Work in Cairo trudging. On this occasion we did so much appreciate the calm fortitude ARTHUR T. UPSON writes in that Pastor Sadek showed when so Blessed be Egypt of the purity many insulting remarks were poured movement which was started during upon him. the World War and which "has never stopped, although it has now taken "Another God-given opportunity the form of distribution among Egyp- has been that in the Moslem private tian students and others rather than school. Here between forty and fifty among B<ritish soldiers, the latter hav- Moslem boys have had a Scripture ing had to be dropped from sheer lack lesson each morning in Arabic before of time. Any Thursday the faithful their English lesson. Sometimes there four may btl seen distributing in the has been opposition from the bigger bad quarter of Cairo, and the usual boys, specially when emphasis hasnumber of tracts distributed any eve- been laid on the Lordship of Christ. ning is about one thousand. We have At times one has been asked, 'What very often patrolled the distribution about our prophet Y' or one has heard. in the neighborhood and watched the during the lesson a whisper, 'Empty men coming away after receiving the words. ' Some of the bigger boys leaflets, but we have never seen as have called to see me, and we have many as one per cent torn up. As one thus got into more personal touch small illustration of observable result with them."

-a government official wrote to us from the Delta sending a Christmas Sudanese Sunday-Schools poem for insertion in Al-Bareed. THE successful work which is be- When we inquired how he came to do ing done by the United Presbytethis, the answer was given by Sheikh rian missionaries among the people of Iskandar, 'Oh, this is one of our the Shilluk tribe at Doleib Hill in the friends that we fished out from the Sudan is described as follows by Rev. bad houses through the tracts that we Stephen Trowbridge, secretary for were distributing; he is now a re- Egypt of the World's Sunday-School formed man and regularly reading Association: "Mrs. Oyler concen- Al-Bareed.' " trated especially upon developing a training class for Sabbath school Sowing Seed in Suez teachers. This was started in March, REV. H. E. Jones, of the Egypt 1925. She proposed to the class to General Mission, writes from make the effort to secure an attend- Suez: "On one occasion Pastor ance of 100 in Sabbath school. That Sadek and I got into the hands of seemed then the most that could be some fanatical men, who seized all our hoped for. But the members of this literature and took us by force to the training class have gone out into the Omdeh (the headman of the district). villages, and with earnest, quiet en- He threatened to bring us before the thusiasm have taught the life of authorities in Suez unless we signed Christ and the dramatic stories from an agreement not to distribute litera- the book of Acts. The training class ture in h.is district. We refused to do has now grown to 60, the station Sab- so, and he, reconsidering his threat, bath school to 167, and the number eventually allowed us to return home, attending the village Sabbath schools 461

to 1,350. A year ago there were no village idol j but they listened to the village classes. Tbe use of large col- Gospel, and asked the Christians to ored pictures in teaching has raised stay witb them a few days, and then an interesting problem. The Shilluks to return to teach them on Sundays.

very naturally suppose that Joseph, After a few weeks practically the Moses, Jesus, and Paul were black. whole village decided to become The Shilluks, with native dignity, re- Christian, and they had a public gard the black race as superior. Is it burning of idols. Just after this a best to dispense with the pictures and tree fell across the pathway leading let these tribesmen form their own to the place where the village idol had impressions" , stood, and this was taken by the peo- ple as a sign of approval from God Yoruba Chriatiana Loyal that the idol had been destroyed.

THE persecution of Christians is They are now building a churcn and by no means a thing of the past in teacher's house, and twenty-five chilthe Yoruba country of West Africa. dren are attending school.

For instance, twelve men living at an outstation of the Church Missionary Courtho118e Dedicated with Prayer T Society in the Benin district were HE chief, who is president of the native court of Owo, in the Yoruba fined £5 eacb in the native court for disobeying Ii summons to beathen sac- Country of West Africa, is a Chris- rifice. In that district it is the cus- tian. At the opening of the new tom when the priest requires a sacri- courthouse recently by the Resident fice, to put a staff or other emblem in of the Ondo Province, the chief said or near a house. The owner of the that the building would not be used house must go at once to those in until the African pastor and the mis- cbarge of the idol worsbip, taking an sionary of the Church Missionary So- offering of a goat or some other ani- ciety had had a special service of maL In this case the staff was put in prayer in it. A. day was appointed the church; and because the Chris- for this service, which was attended, tians removed it and brought no of- at the president's invitation, by all the fering to the priest, they were fined chiefs and court memoors, many of by the heathen chiefs. In another whom are Moslems or pagans.

part of the district some converts were fined for planting yams, etc., on Union in Central Africa tbeir farms before the day arranged THE Presbyterian Church of Cenfor holding the festival of the Orisa- tral Africa, recently formed by oko, a pagan rite.-The Christian the union of the Church of Scotland, (London). United Free Church, and Dutch Re- Whole Heathen Village Won formed Church in that region, is to be further strengthened by the inclu- THE Rev. W. J. Payne, working sion of the two German Missions-the for the Church Missionary Society Moravian, and the Berlin Missionary in Benin City, in the Benin Province Society-that have now returned to of Nigeria, writes that the 'work at their former fields of labor. "This,"

Ewonika, a new outstation sixteen says The Indw,n Standard, "is good miles away, is remarkable for its news on two grounds. It shows that rapid growth. Only last April there the process of reconciliation has not was not a single Christian in the vil- been confined to the efforts of states- lage. A special evangelistic effort men at Geneva or Locarno but has throughout the district was made dur- found practical illustration in the ing Passion Week, and some Chris- mission fields of Christendom. It is tians from Benin City went to also another proof that the distinc- Ewonika. The people had just been tions of Lutheran and Calvinists are celebrating the annual festival of the breaking down in the common effort

kEWS FROM MANY

to build up the Kingdom of Jesus 'heathen' in Turkey. They do not Christ both abroad and at home." force proselyting on those who are unwilling. They do not proselyte THE NEAR EAST among the Muslims at all, and where Protesting the LaU8aJ1l1e Treaty they do they are tactful. They are APROTEST, signed by 110 bishops even broad-minded about the right to of the Protestant Episcopal proselyte. They do not force their Church, against the ratification of the way into hl{uses of worship to preach their own doctrines without regard to pending Lausanne treaty with Turkey the religious sensibilities of others.

was sent to the U. S. Senate early in They do not ride rough-shod over the April. At about the same time 109 feelings of those countries in which American residents of Constantinople petitioned the same body asking favor- they are guests. Where they are able action. The signers in Constanti- bigoted they have learned not to nople include the president, vice- voice their bigotry, and many have been broadened out of their bigotry. president and eighteen teachers of the In Turkey you will not hear mission- Constantinople College for Women, representatives of the mission boards, aries gloat over their exploits, as I Near East Relief, the Y. M. C. A., and have heard missionaries in China the principal American business boast of their invasion of the native firms there. These petitioners say village of Confucius over the objecthat the terms of this treaty are in tions and pleas of his descendants."

some respects more favorable than those included in the treaties already Present Activity in Turkey· T concluded between Turkey and sev- HE American Board has now over a hundred missionaries at work in eral of the European powers. The Living Church, supporting the action its Turkey Mission and while there of the bishops, contends that the for- are serious restrictions, especially in mer treaty with Turkey, which pro- educational work, much is being done tected American interests better than both educationally and medically, and does the Lausanne one, has not been through personal friendship with the abrogated by war as was the case people in the mission stations. There with the treaties between the Euro- is a growing demand for the Chris- pean Powers and Turkey, and de- tian Scriptures in Turkish.

clares that "those senators who are The present period is characterized leading the fight against ratification by great literary activity. The daily have the moral sentiment of the as well as the periodical press dis- American people behind them. " The opponents of the treaty also charge cusses religious questions with great that 100,000 Christian women and freedom. Mohammedan literature girls are today kept in worse than outside Turkey is engaged in defend- ing Mohammedanism or attacking slavery in the Moslem harems and Christianity, whereas in Turkey there that the Kemal Pasha regime is re- is a large amount of criticism of Issponsible. lam itself by Turkish writers who de- Moslem Praises Ml..ionaries sire to see their religion brought into closer contact with the actual life of THE methods of Christian mission- the present day. Books are being aries in Turkey have evidently translated which deal in a friendly commended themselves to a writer in way with some aspects of Christianity.

a Mohammedan newspaper published Along with the incoming of general in English in South Africa, The Mos- disbelief in any religion there is a lem Outlook, who says: "Why are desire on the part of the more seri- the missionaries so rimch more liberal ously minded to find a way to make and tolerant in Turkey than in China, religion a moral and social force in for example f They do not cry the daily life of the Turkish people.

At present direct religious teach- cieties-in the south, the Arabian Mission; in the north, the United ing in the schools and colleges is for- Mission. At the south, the trend seems to be to strengthen the medical bidden, but the prohibition does not department; at the north the educa- tional, though this latter is shadowed apply to ethical and social teaching at present by the unwillingness of the local authorities to allow "Bible nor to the actual practice of religion study" to be made compulsory in th~ mission schools. But everywhere the in the lives of the missionary and opportunity and the promise makes an insistent call for devouter, fully other teachers. The desire of the equipped "evangelists" to minister to and foster the awakening con- Turks to achieve a real independence sciousness in Islam of an unsatisfied spiritual craving for better things. in all departments of life is one with New Plans in Bahrein which we should sympathize and ARECENT letter from Paul Harshould be willing to help in every way rison, M.D., says: "We are plan- ning a little advance work here at we can. L. G. M. Bahrein for this year, an effort to harness the reputation of the hospital Leader. Needed in Pel'llia to the evangelistic enterprise. Weare hoping to hold an afternoon clinic in JOHN R. VORIS wcrites in The Con- one or two of the outlying villages, tinent of the Presbytecrian Mis- stay on for an evening mejUs (recepsion in Persia: "One could wish tion) of guests, and finish up with a that the Mission might be able to or- Christian service. The new Women's ganize and finance industrial and ag- Hospital is taking shape rapidly as a ricultural work. The mission schools substantial and beautiful thing, an are training intellectual leaders, but objectification of a dream of years." not industrial, commercial or farm leaders. This must come eventually. School for Boy. in Aden In a small way the Near East Relief orphanage schools are giving indus- REV. CARL J. RASMUSSEN, of trial training, but there is here no ag- the Danish Church Mission, ricultural training, as in the Cauca- which works in Aden in close cooperasus. Industrial and £arm projects, tion with the mission of the Fcree however, require leaders trained along Church. of Scotland, writes: "In our these lines. As Persia begins to mission school all seats are engaged emerge from the realm of individual- and we could without doubt get many istic into organized industry, and more students if we had more ample from the stage of peasant farming to accommodation and a better equipped that of modern agriculture (a long teaching staff. Our work is carried and slow process) thecre will be on in a rented building where we can needed youth who can lead in these have about ninety students. It is conoccupations. And as the country be- ducted on the same principles as the gins to have some gleam of commu- Government '8 educational work. Relinity service, with nurses and social gion as a subject is not included in the workers, there must be some training curriculum, hut we have Bible reading along social lines." and prayers every day. It has been most inspiring to watch its effect upon In Irak and Arabia the students' minds. Those who in the beginning looked angry when we AMISSIONARY at Baghdad re- began the Bible lesson and often put ports that never in his long experience has he known so many Moslems coming for conversation on religious topics, with a sincere desire to know more about the life and teaching of Jesus Christ. On the other hand there is a rapidly rising tide of materialism that is causing devout Moslems much disquiet. This field from Mosul on down to Muscat is fairly well organized by the two so-

1926J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

their fingers in their ears to prevent campaign story, hymn and Golden any new idea interfering with their Text. Then of the Christians who train of thought are now unwilling to actually gave up a day or days'

leave the schools without prayers. chances of coolie work and went to The ones who at first would not touch other villages along with the workers the Bible will now read it and openly to help in the preaching, there were ask questions regarding it." over 250. The importance of this type of willing Christian service can- INDIA, SIAM AND MALAYSIA not be over-emphasized, for it is in Remarriage of Hindu Widows . this wise that India must be evangel- T HIS question is being approached ized. It is the witness of the Chris- from various angles beside the tian laymen and women which induces Christian one. The January REVIEW so many of their heathen brethren and called attention to the activities of a sisters to give up their names as desociety which concerns itself with siring to know more of this matter; hence a record of 2,500 inquirers. widows of high caste only. Recent Probably the most interesting feature pronouncements by Gandhi on the subject are being widely quoted. He in the reports of these 490 meetings holds that no girl should be married held during the two weeks was the inbefore she !las completed her fifteenth creasing demands made by caste peoyear (it will 'be remembered that a ple for more preaching among them.

bill raising the age of consent to fif- Ever so many definite invitations to teen was defeated in the Legislative come and present their message were Assembly last year); that all widows made by these classes to our poor outless than fifteen years of age should caste pastors and workers."

remarry; that girls married at fifteen and widowed within a year the,reafter The Gospel for All Groups •. !

A should be encouraged to marry again, METHODIST worker in the Pun- jab writes in The Indian Witand that the relatives of widows should treat them with the utmost ness: ' 'Practically all our Christians kindness and make arrangements for are from the outeastes; but there is a their education. "The spirit of these readiness on the part of all castes and rules is to be followed, not the letter," he says. "Hindu society will not classes to hear the Good News, in spite easily accept these changes. But of the fact that we are preaching just that whieh will erase all caste distincthese parents who feel the necessity tion. In one village we held a servof acting according to these rules, ice for a community of Chuhras (outmust try to introduce these reforms, castes) who were inquirers. Afterand should not be afraid of being put wards, a g:roup of Moslems came over out of caste." and said it was not right that we Witness of Indian Laymen should preach just to the outcastes, but that we should preach to them ASPECIAL evangelistic campaign too. After this service, some high- conducted by Canadian Baptists caste Sikhs came along and requested at Vuyyuru, Madras Presidency, is a service in their quarter. In another described as follows by Rev. A. Gor- village we came upon a group of don: "The two-weeks' effort was con- wealthy Jats (farmers). We asked ducted at the end of November when if we might preach to them. Forth- the weather was settled, the moon with they took us over to their gurd.

shining and the people free from labor wllJI"a (a building much like a church prior to the commencement of harvest. and used as their place of worship), The period of p;reparation had been brought out a rope bed for us to sit carried out most heartily at most of on, and a big carpet for themselves.

the villages, as is evidenced by the About forty of them sat down and fact that 2,171 Christians learned the listened while the 'Old Story' was 5

told, then asked some questions and nath Chattopadhya, a versatile listened some more until an hour and scholar, she had a rich ~aining. Afa half had passed. Yes, indeed, In- ter spending some time in Girton dia is wide open to the Gospel, and College, Cambridge, England, she remany of us feel that a movement on turned to India and plunged ardently the part of the upper classes has be- into zenana reforms, and the Moslem gun. We must not slacken, but re- Nizam supported her efforts. .After double our efforts to be found faith- marriage she withdrew from these acful in this time of opportunity." tivities for a time to educate her sons and write poetry, but presently re- Versatile Indian Preaehers sumed her pioneer work with re- doubled zeal. When Gandhi rose to THE Indian clergyman at Narowal, leadership in the years before the in the Punjab, the Rev. Barakat war Mrs. Naidu eagerly acknowledged Ullah, sends to the Church Mission- him. It is certain that in Mrs. Naidu ary Society some interesting details the Swarajists have chosen a dyof his work among the depressed namic ngure that will appeal to the classes in the district. Over 200 vil- imagination of India '8 masses. lage congregations round about Narowal are distributed among fifteen Pioneering in Assam preachers, whose work is to conduct services, teach people, examine them A MERICAN Baptist missionaries in the elements of the Christian faith, 1".. are at work in little-known Asbuild up their church life, superin- sam, and one of them w,rites as foltend the work, act as judges to settle lows of a tribe called the Rengmas: their disputes, and help them when "No missionary had ever given any of maltreated by their non-Christian his time to them, nor any European masters. In one village Mr. Ullah learned their difficult language but found that the Christians had chal- the spirit of God came upon a young lenged the local mottlvi (Mohamme- man named Viliezhn. While in Kodan teacher) to hold discussions with hiII!a as a civil policeman he was led their padre sahib (Christian minis- to accept Christ by another policeman ter) . The challenge had been ac- who was an earnest Christian. He cepted, the moulvi .appeared on the obtained leave twice to go to his own scene, but at the last moment had de- tribe, to whom he now felt impelled cided not to hold any discussion. In to carry the story of salvation. Great another village Moslems and Chris- crowds came to hear his strange mestians decided to discover the true re- sage. Soon he came back to report· ligion by throwing the Koran and the that sixty had become candidates for New Testament into the watel' and baptism. After three years there are then following the book which did not now 200 baptized Christians, and a sink! nominal Christian community of 500. Three more of this tribe have caught Mrs. Naidn, S….arajist the fire and are teaching and preach- ing. Their children are bright-eyed T HE election of Mrs. Sarojini and eager to learn, and Viliezhn has Naidu, a Hindu poetess, to suc- worked hard with the missionary to ceed Gandhi as President of the In- get out a little hymn book with Scripdian National Congress was an- ture readings. It is the first book nounced in the April REVIEW, as an ever published in that dialect." event of great signincance for India. The following facts in her life story Britons and Bur:mese Slave. are, therefore, of interest: Born in 1870 at Hyderabad, the capital of the T HE proposed expedition to the powerful M;ohammedan Ni$m, she wilds of Burma, to be conducted came. of· a distinguished Brahmin by government officials with the pur- ~!I-mily. From her father, Dr. Agor- pose of stamping out both slavery and

NEWS FROM MANY L,ANDS

huma.n sacrifice, was announced in made by motor. There are there the February REVIEW. A wireless fourteen families, all of whom are formessage to the New York Times April mer inmates of the asylum~ It is 29th told of the return of the expedi- worthy of mention that these lepers tion, headed by Deputy Commissioner have maintained their Christian serv- J. T. O. Barnard, of the Burma ices, have sent in theiiI' contributions Frontier Service. It had been stated and have added to their numbers.

that the slaves would be bought for The Chiengmai lepers have just sent about $30 apiece, but the report says down an elder to give them encourage- that 3,445 had been set free for 19,- ment and instruction.

000 rupees, which would make the price about $1.80. Commissioner CHINA Barnard reports that there was no To Limit Missionaries limit to the gratitude and joy of the I N a recent discussion of the number Kachins who were emancipated of missionaries needed in China through the act of the" Great White the Chinese Recorder (interdenomi- Chief," Sir Harcourt Butler, Gov- national journal published at ShangernOr of Burma. Thirty-four villages hai) as quoted in The Christian Cenagreed to give up human sacrifices. tury, holds that the national Church Others suggested that if the Govern- should have the final word as to the ment would .provide the victims for holding a final sacrifice the practice number of missionaries to be emwould be stopped. ployed in each field. Says the Re- corder: "The missionary body is still Siam.ese Christian. Lepers growing numerically. The original sending impulse is still operating.

THE deeply religious atmosphere And yet during the last five or more of the leper asylum conducted by years we have heard £requent refer- American Presbyterian missionaries ence to the wisdom of reducing the in Chiengmai, Siam, is one of the number of missionaries and have characteristics of the institution sometimes been asked how we think which has often been noted. 'The this could be done. We have no anlatest report from Chiengmai throws swer. This conference, however, sugfurther light on this subject. Prac- gested to the National Christian tically every leper in the asylum is a Council to take steps to study the need Christian and it is only a ma.tter of for missionaries in: China. This is time before they express their desire important. For a I steadily-rising to join the church. This is brought number of missionaries tends to conabout by constant teaching on the part tinue the emphasis upon the foreignof the leper elders who make it their ization of Christian work in China. business to teach all newcomers. Thaw With the best of motives it takes con- Chapel, which was dedicated January siderable time for foreign mission- 11, 1925, is the gift of Mrs. Mary C. aries to become 'indigenous.' Many Thaw, of Pittsburgh. It forms the never do. The decision as to the numcentral edifice of the asylum, and is ber of missionaries, who 'still have a the center of the Christian life of the large place in China,' is left to the people. It represents an answer to Chinese Church. The central task and tbe prayers of the leper people of ten aim of Christian work in China is years ago and only a small number of now to support the progil"am of the the original group remain to enjoy Chinese Church."

worshiping in their new chapel. This year sixty-three lepers were received Anti-Christian. Agitation T into full communion. This number HE Rhenish Mission reports that in spite of Bolshevism and antiincludes five lepers il"eceived from Ta Pee village some forty kilos south of Christian movements the Gospel is the city. The trip to Ta Pee was finding an open door in China. So

far there have been more baptisms of formed the band. Each morning we converts than for many years. The gathered in the church for a prayer meeting, and then went forth in pro. Rhenish missionaries have decided to cession through the streets-working continue their schools under the con- to plan, so as to cover as much ground ditions laid down by the Chinese as possible during the week. Our pro. Ministerium. Although these condi- cession was headed by two church tions make the study of religion op- members carrying the Bible poster tional, they can continue religious in- pasted on cloth in banner form. Then struction in Bible classes, Sunday- came five Christian 'sandwich board I schools and in various forms of reli- men carrying blackboards on which gious meetings. something new was written every day: e. g. one day we had (1) 'What- The following details in the Damsk ever is this T' (2)' What concern is Missio11hlad relate to the attacks on this of mine?' (3)' You cannot do Christianity in the press. Out of without it.' (4)' It is the great sal. ninety-five anti-Christian articles in vation.' (5)' How will you escape Chinese papers if you neglect so great salvation T' Then came the boys carrying the flags 36 attacked mission schools, of the evangelistic band. I took my place in the center of the procession 34 Christianity in general, with an accordion and as we went along the streets singing hymns and 11 Christians, choruses the people flocked to the doors just in time to be tackled by 5 ', the Christian Church, the tract distributers and colporteurs who were bringing up the rear of the 5 preachers, procession. The houses of Christians and inquirers and any favorable open 2 G'hristian literature, spaces were made use of for preaching stands and in this way thousands 1 the Bible, heard the Gospel daily."

1 " .Tesns Christ. Real Religion in Saigon New Na.me for Canton College AREPRESENTATIVE of the Christian and Missionary Alli. ASSEMBLYMAN F. TRUBEE ance in French Indo-China tells of an Annamese young man, assistant sta· .t. DAVISON, a trustee of Canton tion master in the Saigon rai1road de- pot, who was converted and who, after Christian College, incorporated un- living a consistent Christian life and der the laws of the State of New York, bearing faithful witness for several announced April 15th that the Board months, was taken ill and died. On of Regents had granted his petition his deathbed the young man called toto change the name of the college to gether the members of his family and Linghan University. The purpose is testified to the power of Christ to save to give the institution its Chinese from the sting of death. As a result equivalent and to denote the expan- practically his whole household acsion fifom college to university. In cepted Christ and the village was twenty years Linghan University has opened to the gospel message. Some time later a man was inquiring for grown to have 1,200 students, with a the home of this young man and College of Arts and Sciences, a Col- asked, ' 'Where is the house of the lege of Agriculture, a Department of young man who used to be the assist- Sericulture, a Department of Busi- ant station master at Saigon but who ness Administration and a Department of Education. The campus covers 350 acres and has fifty-two buildings. Three fourths of the annual budget comes fifom Chinese sources.

Street E:"a.ngelism in Szechwan DURING the Chinese New Year holiday 'Rev. T. Darlington, of the China Inland Mission, Wanshien, Szechwan Province, conducted a week of open-air evangelism. He says: "Thirty-six men and ten schoolbQYs

1926J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

died last December ~ " The people America is not the only country in did not know, but after explanation which military training in schools and col· said, "Oh, you mean the young man leges is becoming a vital issue; the youth who had religion T He lived over the world over are revolting against it. there. " His neighbors had forgotten 'l'he Japanese youth are no exception to this that he had been assistant station world current, as they are also human and master, although he had held this po· object to wasting time in training for war. sition with a good salary for sev&al While their freedom of expression is very years, but they remembered him as well ban'daged with laws and customs, they the young man who "had religion," do not hesitate in demanding their right to though he had been a Christian only do their own reading and to think their own a few months. thoughts. . . . It is becoming clear that Chinese Christian Giving such requirements as these can not remam indefinitely in force without strong student T HE Chinese Church is giving of protest. The news from Japan, even during her new riches, says Rev. Wilmot the past several months alone, continuously D. Boone, of Tsinanfu, Shantung province, in a measure that American and increasingly told of student agitations Christians have not yet equaled: against tllCse measures. "The total budget of the Presbyterian China Missions is over $1,250,000. Influence of Modern Buddhism If salaries of foreign workers acre excluded, the Chinese are now paying THE thought life of Japan today is approximately sixty per cent of the compared by Rev. Robert S. Spenc08t-a different story from the day ccaetr~, writin g in The Christian Advowhen the only gifts were curses and to a sea lashed by winds. He orphans the only students. Our largest and smallest native contributions says: "To the careful student, not came to me upon the same day. The non-Christian but philanthropic wife the least significant thing about this of our tuchun or military governor sent a real windfall amounting to state of flux is the way in which any $49. In the local currency this is equivalent to 19,300 coppers. The commanding voice, no matter how companion gift was just two of the same copper coins-' two mites,' 'all empty Or strange its message, receives her living'-for this came from a blind Chinese woman who heard an attention and following, and modern appeal to a wealthi& neighbor and borrowed this little sum (half an Buddhism," Mr. Spencer says, "is American cent) from another of the four familieS in the little three- m'aking a strong effort to capture the roomed court where she lived, so that she too might give." enlighteued thinking of the country.

JAPAN.KOREA Christian missions in Japan face to- Students Against Militarl.Snt day, not a Buddhism which sends out T HE statement that Japanese stu- its priests to stone the missionary on dents are protesting against military training in schools and colleges evangelistic service, as my childhood was made in the March REVIEW. An article in the bulletin published by memory records, but a Buddhism the Japanese Student Christian As- which has laid hold of 'the edged sociation in America gives expression to this protest. It says: . tools of civilization,' as the Japanese phrase has it, and is eagerly inviting the missionary to meet it on intellect- ual grounds. Absolute idealism, the latent pantheism of the Western philosophical world, has been taken into the Buddhist grasp, its terms translated into Japanese thought, and thus Buddhism in Japan is bringing to its own support the thought of Western lands. And on the basis of such i.ntellectual appeal, Budclhism is car,rying the battle into Christian trenches. "

Superstition and Suicide I N THE old Japanese calendar, says a writer in the Missirmary Herald, 'the years are' named in ac- cordance· with' a scheme goverhed by

two systems. Certain combinations in this way T Have you ever read the in the names of years that are thus Christian Bible Y If you would read brought about are considered un- just one page of that Book you would lucky, and girls born at a certain one no longer go around saying such of these have the reputation of foolish and untrue things." The eloslaughtering three husbands before quent bystander was overcome with settling down to a peaceful life with amazement and the crowd was ima fourth. The year 1906 was of this pressed by the earnestness of the unlucky character, and girls born young student.-The Continent. then are now of an age when they would naturally think of marriage. Veteran Korean Christians Young men hesitate about becoming their victims, and their old-fashioned SAW SANG YUN, the first Korean parents are still more solicitous lest converted to Protestant Christheir sons should be -entrapped into tianity, is still living an honored marriage with girls now twenty Christian life in a small village thirty years old. Care must be taken against miles from Haiju. As picturesque deception on the part of the go- and as honored a Christian as Saw betweens, who arrange the marriages. Sang Yun is his younger brother, Grief over' the breaking off of en- Saw Kyeng Cho, now pastor emeritus gagements when the truth has been of the first Protestant Christian discovered, or the feeling of disgrace church ever built in Korea. TheSe at being unable to get a husband, has men have together served Christ for been the cause, it is said, of many more than a century in Korea as repsuicides. resentatives of the P,resbyterian Church. But they are honored by An Unexpected Defender Christians of every denomination. Fifty-two years ago, when Saw Sang ASTUDENT in Meiji Gakuin, Yun was traveling as a merchant in Tokyo, Japan, had been im- China, he was treated in a mission pressed unconsciously by the Chris- hospital and there became a Christian influence under which he had tian. When he came home with a been living at the school, but he had supply of Christian books, the police not professed Christianity and did caught him and all but beat him to not realize his loyalty to it until he death. A friend on the police force heard it attacked. He was walking secured his trelease on conditIon that through the city park one day when he get rid of his books. This he did he heard a man by the roadside by hiding them for future r.eference. preaching Christianity. He stopped Although it was nine years after this to listen to the sermon. Suddenly before the treaty between the United one of the bystanders took exception States and Korea permitte<;l missionto the statements of the preacher and aries to come. it was only three years began to harangue the crowd, say- after its signing that the church was ing that they should not believe what built in the native village of Mr. Saw. they had just heard about Christian- Meanwhile his brother had embraced ity, that it was not a good religion for the new faith. Japanese people and was merely the religious ideas of foreigners. The Koreans Sacrifice for Schools student, who had not been long acquainted with Christianity himself, T HIRTY day schools in the Pyengrecognized this as foolish talk and was yang District, Korea, have been indignant as he saw the influence cut off the Methodist mission budget which this bystander was having with by reason of the "cut in appropriathe crowd_ He stepped forward and tions" two years in succession. So to said, "What do you know about this keep the school open and alive pupils Christianity which you are attacking and parents in Nonghung formed a "Chicken-Growing Association."

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Each member makes an offering of a denominations has helped to quicken chicken a year for school support. the interest in the problem of reli- Chickens cost in Korea sixty cents gious education. The last Sundayeach, or twice the day wage of an school census revealed that fifty-eight ordinary workman. The non-Chris- per cent of the boys and girls of the tians of Kowanne omitted their an- Dominion attended Sunday-schools. nual sacrifice, sold the animals and Owing to the sparsely settled condifood, and gave to the Methodist mis- tion of many parts of New Zealand, sion to prevent closing the day school there are hundre~s of very small in that community. In a third com- schools and consequently difficulty is munity a "prayer and fasting band" experienced in adequately supervishas been organized. Each Satu.rday ing them. In many cases there is only evening the members pray for the one teacher and the children gather mission school and omit supper. from several miles around to one There are forty-five members each homestead to learn together the contributingt ten cents (the value of stories of the Bible and to be taught the meal) for the continuance of the in the way of righteousness. RecogschooL nizing that the training of the Sun- day-school teacher is a matter of su- Outcast Brings Ba.ck Blcssing preme importance, much attention has been given to this aspect of the work T HREE years ago the people in a during recent years. – American certain Korean village told the Friend. parents of a fifteen-year-old boy who had developed leprosy that he must Filipino Youth Movement leave the village. He refused at first to go, and they tried to drown him T HE fact that a real, vital, growing and threatened him with a knife. He Student Youth Movement is presfound his way to the leper hospital in ent in the Islands cannot be doubted, Taiku, seventy-five miles away, and according to a writer in the News after treatment for nearly three years Sheet of the World's Student Chriswas discharged as cured. A.. G. tian Federation, who says: "There Fletcher, M.D., Presbyterian mission- is a general striving after certain ary in charge, writes: ideals. There is a certain spirit of dissatisfaction with the bases, con- La.st month the hospital evangelist cepts, and methods of all phases of preached in this boy's heathen village and, human activity-of education, reliwith the lad's cooperation. won many con- gion, society, etc., and a united effort verts. A new church was started consisting for better conditions. There is an of eighteen men, mostly young, modernly obvious, concentrated 'movement' on educated and very enthusiastic. Three years the part of students for better. and ago these villagers, thinking to protect their more satis:factmy things everywhere. own lives, urged the parents to cast out These things which have been gradutheir leper son. Little did they dream that ally developing in the past few years the outcast would some day return, and still have recently found certain forms of less could they have known he would come expression and organization. As a with a cleansed body, no longer a menace to whole, the ideals of the Philippine their lives but a witness for Him who came Youth Movement are one with those "that they might have life and might have of other lands as expressed in the Fedit more abundantly!" eration: (1) the abolition of war; (2) the abolition of race hatreds and ISLANDS OF THE SEA prejudices; (3) Ohristian interna- tionalism; (4) Christian basis of in- NcW' Zealand's Sunda.y-Schools dustry; (5) Christian unity. With such worthy and noble ideals ;Lnd ob- S UNDA.Y-SCHOOL work in New jectives, students of the Islands in . Zealand has made distinct and gratifying progress during the last few years. The extension of the work done by the existing Sunday-school unions and the establishing of young people's depa.rtments by the various

different schools, colleges,~and univer- (2) its Prudential Committee to be sities feel united in one movement so increased from twelve to thirty-six, that it may be truly said that ther~ is not less than one third of whom a real movement of, by, and for, the should be women; and elected sev- Christian youth of the land for the enty-five women as members of the triumph of Christian principles in the Board and twelve women as well as Islands." twelve men to the Prudential Com- mittee. Sub-committees were ap- New Hebrides "Talking" pointed, and steps taken generally to- A MISSIONARY in the New ward completing as soon as possible Hebrides, quoted in the Moody Institute Monthly, tells how the na- the unification, administratively, of tive Christians carry their testimony the American Board and the three aggressively into the enemy's camp. Woman's Boards. In due time Natives love a big "talk." Often women officers will be elected to the after a big church meeting the men executive staff of the Board, and all gather outside and exhort and ha- the foreign missionary work of the . rangue by the hour. Such meetings Congregational churches will f1l:nction have been held at various centers on as one. the fringes of heathen districts and have afforded an opportunity for both Na.tional Y. W. c. A. Convention Christians and heathens to show reason for their adherence to their re- T HIS gathering, held in Milwaukee, spective beliefs. That the heathen Wis., April 21st to 27th, was not consented to appear at all was in it- only thoroughly repJ'esentative of the self a concession, and almost invari- Association movement, but was also ably the bulk of the "talking" came attended by official delegates from from the Christian party. At one numerous other organizations. The meeting a mim who had been a leader convention passed with only one disamong the heathen, and whose name senting vote a resolution opposing any was one to conjure with, challenged action to weaken the Eighteenth anyone to say when and where he Amendment, and pledging hearty cohad said certain things abusive of operation, not only for the enforce- "the worship." This indicated the ment of law, but for the building of beginning of a change. Gradually he an intelligent public sentiment for became more friendly to the Chris- law observance. The action most tian party, and finally he took a defi- hotly debated by the convention, but nite stand, publicly acknowledging which was passed by a vote of 1,174 his change of mind and telling the to 199, was the optional membership heathen present that if they would plan, which permits others than only give proper heed to the Word members of evangelical Christian they too would change their minds. churches to become full voting mem- bers of the Association. NORTH AMERICA Presbyterian-Reformed Merger A. B. C. F. M. Reorganization By FORMAL action at Atlantic F OLLOWING the recommendations City March 3rd the General of the meeting of the National Council of the Presbyterian and Re- Congregational Council held in Wash- formed Churches in America was ington recently, the American Board united with the American Section of of Commissioners for Foreign Mis- the Alliance of Reformed Churches sions at its meeting March 16th, Throughout the World Holding the amended its by-laws so as to allow Presbyterian System. While these (1) its membership-at-large to be in- two bodies differed somewhat in concreased from 150 to 225, not less than stituency and in scope, their purone third of whom should be women; poses were in many particulars simi- lar. The Canadian Church was not

connected with the Council, as it is gelical Denominations voted in 1922 with the Alliance, but the two organi- to disband and to merge their com- zations otherwise represented practi- bined forces into the International cally the same group of denomina- Council of Religious Education, of tions, and many of the delegates which new organization this was the served in both. It was proposed at first convention. Richmond in 1925, when the two organizations met at the same time, that School Bag Gospel League there should be a merger, and the plan prepared by a committee then T HIS organization, established in authorized was adopted at Atlantic 192~, whose activities have been City. Besides its maintenance of referred to in the REVIEW in the past, standing committees on foreign and now reports work in 181 centers in home missions, work on the continent thirty-four states. The card signed of Europe, Christian education and by the children who join the League literature, ministerial pensions and reads as follows: church history, which bring these I hereby apply for membership in The subjects before the Alliance for dis- School Bag Gospel League. I promise to cussion, the organization will have carry in my school bag and read through the power, "in connection with home Gospel according to John. When finished, I missions, evangelism, work among agree to pass on the Gospel of s,t. John to colored people, church erection, Sab- some boy or girl, thereby securing a new bath schools, publications, education, member; I further agree to notify the ministerial relief and comity," to es- League, which promises to send me a seetablish and appoint administrative ond Gospel~ when that is finished, I am to agencies to "maintain and conduct get the third Gospd, then the fourth. When the work representative of anyone or I finish the last Gospel, the L€ague will give more of the causes mentioned, as con- me a New Testament as a prize for my sented to by the several supreme ju- reading through the four Gospels. dicatories concerned." Striking spiritual results in the lives of many child;ren and in their homes have been reported as resulting from this plan.

"Building Christian Citizenship" Keswick Colony T HIS was the announced theme of SUCH sacred associations gather the convention of the Interna- around the name of Keswick, tional Council of Religious Education, England, that it may surprise some attended by about five thousand peo- to learn that the United States has a ple in Birmingham, Ala., April 12th Keswick, too-a colony near Laketo 19th. Addresses were delivered wood, N. J., and founded twenty-four by outstanding leaders, including years ago by Wm. Raws of Philadel- President Coolidge, and conferences phia. Himself a reformed drunkard, were held on such subjects as chil- Mr. Raws had established a large resdren's work, church and Sunday- cue home and two missions in the school pUblicity, leadership training city, but felt the need of a place where and fine arts in religion. There was his converts could be out of reach of also a conference of denominational their old temptations. With no editors. At other sessions the execu- funds, but with great faith in God, tive committee submitted its ,report, he got hold of a 500-acre plot of land, the program of the International on which he built up Keswick Colony, Council of Religious Education was which during its quarter century of presented by the general secretary service has cared for more than 5,000 and staff, and reports were submitted men, including many doctors, lawyers, by the lesson committee and the com- ministers, priests, professors and memittee on education. The Interna- chanics of all kinds, and has pointed tional Sunday-School Association and them to the One who alone could meet the Sunday-School Council of Evan- their need. Many of these men have

found the Colony a refuge, and a "Mexicans used to be thought ot as gateway to a new life. All over this confined to the Southwest, but today country men are thanking God for they are going into Michigan beet Keswick and the freedom they found areas by companies as large as 6,000 there. The place stands for regenera- -such as invaded the Saginaw distion, not reformation. Since the trict over a year ago. There are death of Mr. Raws, friends have re- more than 13,000 in the steel district modeled one of the buildings so as to around Pittsburgh. They are tound make it a rest home for missionaries by thousands in Gary, Indiana; Joland other Christian workers, and ar- iet, Illinois;, 10,000 are in Chicago, rangements have been made with the and in proportionate numbers in "Council of the Victorious Life Tes- other communities of the Central timony" which point to a develop- West. Coming as they do from the ment Ot at least a portion of the prop- lowest class in Mexico, they bring erty as a summer conterence center. with them a heritage of more than 400 years of peonage, with its igno- Progress in Interracial Work rance, superstition, illiteracy and sus- picion. Equipped only to adopt the Ar THE seventh annual meeting Ot questionable social and recreational the Oommission on Interracial phases Ot the average community, Oooperation, held at Tuskegee Insti- they present a real problem as neightute April 8th-10th, sixty members ot bors and potential citizens. The the Oommission and staff were pres- Presbyterian Board of National Misent trom all parts of the South, be- sions is meeting their needs with a side more than a hundred visitors. program of evangelism, education and Among the number were many well- social service which, in its wisdom and known ministers, educators, business scope, appeals to industrial leaders in and protessionaI men, Y. M. O. A. almost every instance where work is secretaries and leaders Ot women "s established. religious and civic organizations. The reports trom the field dealt with the Japanese In LOR Angeles ''Y'' tollowing lines of successtul interracial effort: Assistance rendered in T HE directors of the Los Angeles hundreds ot colored school projects; Y. M. C. A. have contributed to health campaigns conducted; clinics better race relations by providing for and hospitals established; sewer, a Japanese department in one of the street paving, water, lights and other city branches. This is the result of public improvements secured for Ne- an experiment which has been congro sections in a number of cities; ducted quietly for the past year, durlibrary tacilities, rest rooms, parks, ing which trom fifty to seventy-five playgrounds and pools provided; ap- Japanese have been members ot the pointment of Negro probation officers, branch and have participated in its the furnishing ot legal aid, and the activities. There are three other inclusion ot colored welfare agencies coast cities which conduct special in community chests. The Commis- Japanese Y. M. C. A. branches, to sion was especiallly gratified with the which no white members are adwide-spread anti-lynching compaign. mitted. But the Los Angeles action for the first time admits Japanese to Our MeJdean Im,Dligrants membership in an established branch under the control ot a special Japa- AGREAT tide ot Mexican immigra- nese committee. "The Japanese of tion is spreading all over this Los Angeles," says The Christian country into the industrial regions of Century, "have responded to this acthe interior. Paul H. Buchholz tion both financially and emotionally writes ot it in Women and Missions: to an astonishing degree. "

1926J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

LATIN AMERICA Union. Aside from the capital city, The Y. M. C. A. in Mexico San Juan, and the second largest city, DR. ANDRES OSUNA, Commis- Ponce, which are common territory, sioner of Education for sixteen the island has been allocated in ex- clusive areas to the different denomiyears in the State of Coahuila, and nations and there is no overlapping vice-president of the National Coun- or competition. A union evangelical cil of the Y. M. C. A. in Mexico, theological seminary and a union .stated during a recent visit to the evangelical board of publication are United States that the general Asso- maintained. ciation program is teaching coopera- tion. The Y. M. C. A., in training the people socially, recreationally and Church and State in Chile A hygienically, is of material help alsoN ARTICLE in El Heraldo (Jris- tiano, published in Santiago, along general educational lines. It has the good will of the Government and says: "The Roman Catholic Church government officials. That the people, in ChlIe is now separated from the too, are impressed by its program is State. The wound which this has demonstrated by the fact that it is caused is enormous, notwithstanding governed and financed almost en- the palliatives administered in the th:ely by Mexicans. In a campaign shape of some millions of dollars held last October in Mexico City to which the Church will receive from raise 500,000 pesos ($250,000) for the the State through the coming five Y. M. C. A., the Government gave years. The heads of the Church pre- 100,000 pesos. About ninety-live per tend to be satisfied with the new cent of the members there are Catho- state of things, from fear of g,reater lics, and although the Archbishop losses, and also because they expect called upon an Catholics to leave it, to reap benefits that do not appear on only nine or ten obeyed him. the surface. The separation of church and state in Chile is a triumph Church Union in Porto Rico for the Protestant cause. It is the THE foundations for an indigenoue fruit of the seed that has been sown church in Porto Rico are being in past years. The idea of religious laid these days. Congregational and liberty was made the battle cry of United Brethren forces are leading political parties opposed to the R.. and the early cooperation of the C. Church, but although they fought Christian Church is expected. The on purely political grounds they name proposed is the United Evan- were made the instruments in God's gelical Church of Porto Rico. These hands to prepare a way for the Gosthree bodies, with their thirty-live pel. " The writer goes on to show churches, lifty-one additional preach- that the Church of Rome, which for ing places, and 3,093 communicant motives of self-interest, apparently members, represent one fifth of the bows her head to the storm, at the Protestant life on the island. The in- same time in ways far more difficult vitation is extended to the other de- to combat, is reaching out after her nominations ;represented on the island old temporal power.

to join in the United Church, and the affiliation of some or most of these Forest Indians of the Amazon T eventually is anticipated. Seven de- HE Christian and Missionary Al- liance reports the establishment of nominations, Northern Baptists, Dis- ciples, Methodist Episcopalians and a. pioneer station among one of the Northern Presbyterians, Congrega- largest of these tribes, the Campa, tionalists, United Brethren, and who dwell in northern Peru on a Christian, have from the beginning great plateau of fine pasture land at conducted their work under a comity an elevation of about 4,000 feet. Thus ag,reement called the Evangelical far they have been able to resist all

the efforts of the white man to pene- formers and opposed to the Word of God." trate their country. They are fine Gospel OlUllpaigns in GIa_ow specimens of physical fitness, unusu- I N THE account given in the Deally intelligent, and, while savagely cember REVIEW of the meeting at- tended by three thousand people jealous of liberty, are kindly disposed which was held in Glasgow to com- memorate the fiftieth anniversary of to those who show themselves the visit of Dwight L. Moody to that city, it was stated that many fruits friendly. The party of four young of Mr. Moody's work are still evident. Charles Inglis, writing in the London men now studying Spanish in Peru, Christia,n, of meetings which he has been conducting ;recently, says: is preparing for the establishing of a Glasgow is, perhaps, one of the greatest station on the borders of this Campa and most fruitfu} centers for aggressive gospel work in the whole of Great Britain, territory. A site has been secured and this may be attributed largely to the enduring infiuence of the campaigns confrom the Government where formerly ducted there by Mr. Moody. In the Tent Ralls belollging to the Glasgow United a Roman Catholic station was built, Evangelistic Association, some fifteen thou- sand men, women and children are brought which was burned to the ground in under the sound of the Gospel each week; and scarcely a meeting passes without souls 1912 because around it gathered the being turned to the Lord and born again of the Spirit. A remarkable feature was witbrutal rubber hunters who oppressed nessed in the processions of believers, hun· dreds strong, that sang through the streets,. the Indians. This station at Cahua- thus bringing the meetings to the notice of many by whom they would otherwise have panas on the Pichis River is in the been neglected.

heart of the jungle, and the mission- No Religious Liberty in Spain aries will need to clear the ltahnedi~ erect A TRIBUTE to the high character their house" and provide own of Spanish Protestants was paid in the May RE~IEW. The fonowing living after the manner of tIle early quotation from Evangetical Christen- dom indicates some of the difficulties American pioneers. under which they are laboring: EUROPE It is generally believed by those who are not in contact with facts that Spain today British Evangelicals Aroused enjoys religious liberty. Since the begin· ning of the Dictatorship, obstacles have been AMOVEMENT has been on foot to placed in the path of the reformers. It is secure cooperation between the unwise to publish details other than those Evangelicals in the Church of Eng- which have been noted in the Spanish press. land and Free Churchmen respecting The constitutional guarantees have been the position of Protestantism, espe- suspended, and the articles which bear on cially in regard to P,rayer-Book Re- the liberty of meetings, the freedom of the vision. Under the auspices of the press and of public speech, and others which World's Evangelical Alliance, a affect Ervangelicals, are not in operation. The meeting along the lines of the one last Governor of the province of Soria imposed year is to be held June 1st in Albert a heavy fine on two Evangelicals for sing· Hall. London. The Free Church of ing hymns and the Evangelical press was Scotland states the purpose of this forbidden by the Censor to draw attention meeting to be "That London and the to the fact and discuss its importance. The country may witness the resolute de- two men condemned sung the hymns within termination of the churches of the their own home. In Alicante the usua} pro· Reformation by all means in their cession of children with their banner and a power to oppose the insidious as well band was prohibited, and in Soller a burnas open assaults on gospel truth and ing of Protestant books publicly took place. liberty established at the Reformation. " Its announcement continues: "It is necessary to be prepared to contest in Parliament any measure of the National Church Assembly which, under cover of Prayer-Book revision, may seek to introduce into our national worship a counter-Reformation, or the sanction of mediaoval doctrines and practices repUdiated by the Re-

books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-

THE REVIEW.

Modern Missions in Chile and Brazil. Chile and the g,reat Protestant states- W. Reginald' Wheeler, Robert Gardner man of Brazil, Erasmo Braga. McGregor, Maria McIlvaine Gillmore, Glimpses of the Montevideo Confer- Ann Townsend Reid and Robert E. Speer. ence are given, with its epoch- lUus. and maps. xviii, 434 pp. $2.50. making meetings. Even those not in- Philadelphia. 1926.

Secretary Wheeler's collaborateurs terested in evangelistic and educain this portly volume are members of a commission appointed by the Board tional work will be impressed by the of Foreign Missions of the Presby- business-like presentation of facts and terian Church in the U. S. A. to visit the countries described. The tour was the prophetic view of missionaries as accomplished in 1924-25 and hence they make their sane appeal for enthis is an up-to-date report of what keen observers and devoted friends largement. The volume is a conglomof missions found in these two great erate, full of fun and the delights of Latin-American Republics. Like its predecessors, the volume travel, inspiring to the Christian who contains vivid accounts of the coun- is moved by progress in the Latintries traversed and of the stations visited. There is the added inspira- American branch of the Kingdom of tion resulting from the special meetings held and the introduction to God, sobering because of the plain leading workers as they meet in conference and are seen at work. No facts which face the Church and efforts carried on by the Northern Piresbyterian Church in those coun- threaten serious loss unless early retries escapes the searching eye of the enforcements and increasing funds Commission, so that we outsiders also see their visions. Clear maps and are placed in the fields. The main rewell-chosen pictures show us the route of the Commission and the mis- sults of the books are summarized in sion sites and scenes visited. The most remote station at which the trav- the chapter upon "Impressions of South America and the Mission Work There." Its personal effect should be what one sentence in that chapter states: "We are going home to be a company of advocates of South Amer- ica. . . . Let us go home to summon our Churches to respond to the call we have heard set forth with such urgency and friendship and good will." A book that accomplishes this is well worth reading. H. P. B.

elers called was Cuyaba, in far West- The Moslem World of Today. Edited with a foreword and closing chapter by John R. ern Brazil near the Bolivian border. Mott. 42() pp. $2.60. New York. 1925. Going up interior rivers, accompanied by countless mosquitos and other un- mentionable "small cattle," with This is a readable presentation of only one sheet on your bed and no the important papers (twenty-two in chair for anyone, are details which number), that leading workers among suggest hundreds of other accidentals Moslems read at " Conferences of mentioned. In a word, the reading Christian 1Workers Among Moslems,"

public is the victim of a plot to make in 1924, held at Jerusalem, Constan- it impossible to be ignorant of South tine, Helwan, Brnmana and Baghdad.

American travel and society, not for- Some of the papers are products of getting such fine specimens as the old- wide studies and experiences of spe- est living convert to Protestantism in cialists. Previous conferences do not 477

compare with these either in com- turesque and convincing way base prehensiveness, in the value of the ad- upon it arguments for a a new for- dresses, or in the grasp of actual ward movement, to win the Moslem present-day situations with their op- world to .Jesus Christ.' H. P. B.

portunity and obligations. No paper The Bible: Its Christ and Modernism. in this entire volume is prosy or lack- T. J. Me Crossan. 208 pp. $1.50. New ing in interest. Brilliant and forceful York. 1925.

writers, like Basil Mathews, Canon This volume presents the extreme Gairdner, and our Lady of the Algerian slums, Lilias Trotter; Islamic conservative position with numeNUS specialists, like Professors Margoliouth, and Snouck Hurgronje; and references to the Scriptures and the the J."ising luminary of Cairo, Profes- proof text method. sor Jeffrey, speak from accurate studies; platform advocates of the The five divisions are: "Why We missionary cause, like Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, "the rhetorical apostle of Know the Bible Is Inspired"; "Why Moslem Missions," as the late Profes- Christ Ought to Be Our Highest and sor Dr. Warneck once characterized him, speak from intimate contact Final Authority on Every Subject with sympathizing fellow workers; three other Moslem women workers, Upon Which He Declared Himself"; "Six Great Teachings Which Modern- ists Deny"; "Five Reasons Mod- ernists Dare to Criticize the Bible"; "How the Bible Estimates Modern- ists. " J. F. R.

all of them most helpfully contribute The Xey To Faith. Michael O. Gershenson. to a wonderful program. Translated by Herman Frank. 156 pp.

Even the well-informed readers who $1.50. New York. 1925.

may know much concerning Moslem The subject is alluring, but the work, will be surprised at many of treatment is disappointing. The the facts given, especially those relating to Moslem modernity and the re- author is a Russian scholar, versed in cent forward movements in Islam, educational, social and even religious literary criticism and modern philos- -facts that are most interesting and prophetic. Surely these conferences ophy, who, in the closing years of his came "to the Kingdom for such a life has attempted to give a J."ealistic time as this," and all who desire ammunition for agitation and the en- study of Old Testament religion. He largement or promotion of work among Moslems will find here the am- offers no proofs for his views, and munition and the inspiring generals seems to know nothing of exegesis. of the coming campaign. There are here many topics dealt Instead of using the Bible as the with that give information not com- basis for his conceptions, he reverses monly known. But perhaps the two chapters more convincing and path- the process. The author pictures God pointing than any others are the two closing ones, Dr. Robert E. Speer's as passionate and impetuous, yet in "The Issue Between Islam and sore need of man whom He fears because of man's freedom of will.

The struggle between humanity and deity is bitter and jealous on both sides and morality is created when myths give way to codes of religion.

Only pronounced "modernists" will commend such a book. J. F. R.

Christianity," and Dr. .John R. Mott's Quiet Talks on the Crisis and After. S. D. Gordon. 224 pp. $1'.25. New York. "The Outlook in the Moslem World." 1926. The latter gives a nine-fold program, "with reasons annexed." It is greatly This latest volume in the series of to be desired that every pastor who , 'quiet talks" is in a new vein and would be intelligent on a missionary deals with prophecy, particularly as religion which numbers nearly a to a present and future crisis in the quarter of a billion should read this world. The somewhat picturesque vovolume carefully, and then in a pic- cabulary which has been a marked characteristic of Mr. Gordon's writ- that our Lord's birth took place in August B. C. 5 and His crucifurion on ings is much less evident and this is Friday, April 17, 2.9 A. D. He takes the temptation as a spiritual experian advantage in the present case. ence, accepts the superhuman expla- nation o.f the miracles, believes in The first half of the volume is a the physical resurrectio.n and in the reality o.f the ascension. In some of review of the great crises narrated in his interpretations and conclusions, we cannot follow the author, but his Scripture, the Eden crisis, the Flood views are clear and deserve a careful study. crisis, etc. These are treated in a Soonderbal Powar. K. Storrie. 12mo. single chapter under many sub-head- l11} pp. 3s. Glasgow. 1925.

ings in a way to suggest Papini's ar- The father o.f Soonderbai Powar was of the Mahratta caste and became rangement of New Testament ma- a Christian through attending a Bible class conducted by Dr. Murray terial. The remaining half of the Mitchell at Wilson College, Bombay. His daughter was born in 1856 and book is made up of a striking analysis died in 1921 after being in Christian work for forty-five years. She of present-day cond-itions, religious, taiIght her sisters in the zenanas, was a friend of Pandita Ramabai and essocial, moral, educational, commer- tablished a combined Christian train- ing home, Bible college and orphancial, etc., all foreshado.wing a great age that was greatly blessed. Three times she visited England and was reconsummation in the coming King- ceived with honor. The sto.ry of her life is full of evidence o.f the power of dom. The array of facts presented is God and the need fo.r Christ in India, but it is not told with any literary startling and o.f compelling interest. skill.

While some will feel that the picture Jesus and Our Generation. ,Charles Whitney Gilkey. With author's prefaee is o.verdrawn in certain particulars, and account of Barrows Lectureship Fou.ndation. Svo. ISO pp. $2.00. Chiit will be difficult, nevertheless, to. es- cago. 1925.

cape the author's general conclusion. The Barrows Lectures in India, in- terrupted by the World War, were The book will be read with profit, for resumed November, 1924, to Febru- ary, 1925, in a course given by Dr. it strikes a clear and positive note on Gilkey in Bombay, Lucknow, Lahore, Calcutta, Rangoon, Madras, and the subject of the great essential doc- Ceylon. 'l'he audiences were chiefly university students, a majority of trines of Scripture, a fact which will them non-Christians. Strikingly dif- ferent in matter and manner are reassure those who have been dis- these lectures from the ea.rlier courses of Dr. Barrows, Dr. Fairbairn, and turbed by certain ambiguous state- Dr. Charles Cuthbert Hall. They are perhaps better adapted to the modern ments in one or two of Mr. Gordon's student temper. In the Western world, and probably also in the East, earlier volumes. H. R. M. students are not ready to give a pa- Our Lord's Earthly Life. David Smith. Svo. 494 pp. $3.00. New York. 1926.

Lives of Christ are so numerous and written from so many angles that the publication of a new biography is justified only by some new light or peculiar excellence. The justification of this· life, by the professor of New Testament Criticism in the Presbyterian College of Belfast, keland, seems to be in the combination of devout faith, Biblical knowledge, scholarly viewpoint and good sense. Dr. Smith believes in the Bible as, on the whole, a reliable record of facts; he is loyal to. Jesus as So.n of Man, Son of God and Saviour; his purpose is to present a simple, full and reliable life of. Christ during His earthly years. There are other "lives" as good, but none of the noncritical and non-technical are more comprehensive in use of Biblical material. The arrangement is simple and chronological. Dr. Smith holds tient hearing for any message not ex- the establishment of' schools, hospitals pressed in simple terms. '£he East and dormitories. Silliman is unique has never lost its taste for metaphys- in its approach and is known through- ics and its capacity for meditation, out the length and breadth of the but the younger generation every- Islands. The Silliman spirit and where is practical. Dr. Gilkey is Silliman boys are known everywhere aware of this, and shapes his mes- and many former students have come sage accordingly. Eminently practi- to the United States for advanced cal, yet not devoid of elements of study. The best work is in the kindly mysticism, are the author's discus- Christian service rendered wherever sion of "Jesus and Our Generation," they go and in whatever profession " Jesus' Way of Life," "Jesus' Life or occupation they take up.

with God," "Jesus and the Mysteries "Making a Nation," gives a brief of Life and Death," "The Lordship and fascinating picture of present of Jesus," and "Jesus and the Fu- conditions. In the wonderful changes ture. " The author believes and de- which have taken place during the clares the substance and summary of past quarter century, much credit his lectures may be stated in the con- must be given to the American ofcluding words of Albert Schweitzer's ficials, but "unless there had been "The Quest of the Historical Jesus" : real ability, desire for enlightenment , 'He comes to us as one unknown, without and push in the people themselves, a name, as of old, by the lakeside, He came to those men who knew Him not. He there would have been no progress." speaks to us the same words: 'Follow thou Dr. Hibbard feels there is, unfortume! ' and sets us to the tasks which He has nately, a growing distrust between to fulfil for our time. He commauds. And the two nations. It is due to the to those who obey Him, whether they be Filipinos, to the American business wise or simple, He will reveal Him.self in men in the Island, and to the misthe toils, the conflicts, the sufferings which sions that some definite goal be fixed they shall pass through in His fellowship, and, as an ineffable mystery, they shall toward which all could work harlearn in their own experience who He is." moniously together. C. C. A. It is clearly shown that the mission Making a Nation. D. S. Hibbard. 127 work has not been proselyting from pp. 50 cents. New York. 1926. the old Catholic Church. An atfempt Few men ·in the Philippines are has been made to educate and train bette,r fitted to speak of the Filipino for life, and to offer a remedy for people, their customs, their accom- sin, superstition and unbelief. The plishments and their aspirations, than message has gone deep and many is Dr. Hibbard, President of Silli- Christian heroes and martyrs bear man Institute, of Dumaguete, and witness to the Power of the Word of one of the first missionaries to go out God. Some thrilling stories are told to the Philippines. He early turned of faithfulness in times of' great his attention to Christian education stress. Christian statesmen are found and his institution, which began as a in all branches of the Government grammar school, is now of full Col- helping to bring the New Day.

lege Grade and duly authorized by Such an one is Senator Camilo Osias, the Government to grant the same de- formerly President of the National gree as that offered by the College of University. His ClaIiber may be seen Liberal Arts of the University of the in this quotation from one of' his ad- Philippines. dresses: "Perchance the great and The book shows what has been ac- distinct contribution of weaker na- complished by Presbyterian mission- tions may lie just in this, that in the aries to bring the influence of the definition of international philosophy Christian Gospel to the aid of Fili. they, more than the others, the smaller pinos. They have done this by nations more than the bigger ones, preaching, teaching and healing; by may be the instruments of Divine

for the teaching of the Demon Possession and Allied

John L. NeYius. 8 YO. 518 pp. $2.50. wisdom of peace and the criminality New York. 1925.

of war, peace as an attribute both Demon possession, or spiritism, is by no means an out-of-date subject. human and divine, and war as a In Asia and Africa evil spirits are still worshipped; in America and grievous wrong alld an enormous Europe, the spirits of the departed are still invoked. There is always an crime." H. F. interest in the occult and the spirit world. Dr. Nevius was a student of Life and Letters of St. Paul. Dada James religion, a student of science and a Burrell. 12mo. .)2 i pp. 1925. student of men. Therefore, he was interested in men's belief in spirits, St. Paul is a fruitful topic for good or evil. He made a thorough study, and the aged but virile author studY of the subject, conducted a of these popular studies knows how very' wide correspondence and wrote to draw many practical lessons from down the results of his studies. He the apostle's life. Young teachers and does not give his definite conclusion, preachers will find these studies ex- but he relates his own experienees in ceedingly fruitful. China as well as those of other mis- sionaries in India, .Japan and else- A Parent's Guide to Children's Reading. where. Then he studies the various Mary Graham Bonner. J2mo. 161 pp. theories and explanations~patho­ $1.75 net. ~ew York. 1926. logical, psychological, superstitious and biblical-·but fails to reach any The proper guidance of children's very clear cut conclusions. The reading is one of the most important author rather presents facts and testiresponsibilities of a parent or teacher, monies and allows readers to reach ibsnt~xicneetdhiensgelydadyisffoicfutlrt.ashTyhfeictEiodni,toirt their own conclusions. It is still one of the Childl-en's Book Department of the b~st books on the subject of of the Literary Digest, who is also the spiritism. author of a number of volumes of "Bedtime Stories" has here rendered Missionary Art Blotters. Five Series. 25 a real service to parents of children cents a set. $2.00 ten sets. For sale by up to sixteen years of age. Her suggestions comprise not merely a list of Mrs. T. J. Howells, 324 Spencer Avenue. recommended books, new and old, but include brief descriptions of the books Carrick, Pittsburgh, Pa. mentioned. They are classified under imaginative tales, history and his- "l.'hese attraetive missionary blotters torical romances, nature books, are edueational, artistic and useful. poetry, religion and general fiction. Tlte sets dffive, each in an envelope, The list of Bible and religious books contain pictures and quotations se· is weakest, though it contains a few lected to impress missionary ideas on Bible story books. Some volumes the minds of children and adults. recommended, like those of Van Loon, One series is on "The World's Chilare neither reliable nor truly educative. With such a wealth of religious 8d.1r0enns.,"" another on "Prayer and Misliterature for children, there is need for a guide and a great opportunity ExpOSition .01 the Epistles to Timothy. for real service. Miss Mary Stewart's W. E. Vine. 114 pages. 2. net. Glas· Bible stories, Foster's, Hurlburt's, gow. 1925. Dean Hodge's and others should have a place. There are also religious These notes-the basis of a series books of fiction, biography and mis- of lectures given at St. Andrews Consions that will delight and help to vention.in July, 1923, are suggestive educate any child or youth. rather than exhaustive. They would form an excellent guide for a series of There is an index to about 400 prayer meeting studies, or Bible class authors and over 700 books-also discussions, on the character, testiblank pages for additions. mony, and care of the local church. There is a; full outline of each epistle.

I DO NOT MISS THESE

I On the Mission Study Topics For 1926-1927 in Coming Issues of THE MISSIONARY l@V~ THE CHURCH AND RURAL COMMUNITIES Changes in the Last Twenty-Five Years 'arren H. Vilson Director of Tml" and C01/lit,,)' Department, Presby/oria" Church, U. S. A.

The Soil and Spirituality John Scott King Presbytcriall Church, Little Britain, New York The Country Church, and Cooperating Agencies Marjorie Patten Illstitute of Social alld Religious Research Agricultural Missions and the Rural Church Artley B. Parson National COllncil, ProtNtallt Episcopal Church The Real Job'of the Rural Church John McDowell Secretor)" Board of Natiollal Missiolls, Presb)'terian Church, U. S. A, Need for Pioneering in Rural Districts Ralph S. Adams Rural Field Worker, Refo1'111 ed Church ill the Ullited States Best Type of Pastor for Country Churches C. N. McConnell Board of Home 111iss;0}ls, ,lIethndiSI Episcopal Chllrelt Union or Denominational Churches-Which? Elizabeth Hooker Illstitute of Social aad Religious Research Some Successful Rural Churches Malcolm Dana Director of Rural U7nrk. COllpregational HOllie .~Jissioll Societ)'

Religious Education in Country Communities W. A, Squires Board of Christiall Educotiall, Presbyterian Church, U. S, A.

Best Books on Rural Church Problems Edmund deS. Brunner Town and Coulltry Surveys. Illstitllte of Social aud Religious Research CHRIST AND THE MOSLEM WORLD A View of the Moslem World Today Samuel M. Zwemer Editor of the MOSLEM WORLD alld gCllcral1l1issiollory to Alos/ems Changes in Moslem Life and Faith James L. Barton Allthor of "A Christian Approach to Islam"; Secretar}' of tlte Americ01I Board Some Present-Day Problems and Hindrances G. H. Naish COUllcil of Christiall Missiolls ill the Near East A Descendant of Mohammed Converted to Christ A Persian Missionary A l'cmarkable accollllt of the recellt com'ersioll of a ,Hoslem mullah Some Results of Union Mission'·Work in Mesopotamia James Cantine Missionar), of tire Reformed Chllrch ill America to Bagdad The Influence of the West on Moslem Life and Thought Basil Mathews World's Alfiallcc of the Youllg Men's Cl,,-istiOlI Association, GClleva Results of Apostasy in Islam E. ~lorris Wherry Formerl), ll1issionary to India Send in Your Subscription NOW TO THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City 25 cents a copy $20.00 a hundred copies $Z.50 a Year

The Missionary Review of the World — March 1926

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Department No. 20 609 FIFTH AVENUE, AT 49TH STREET, NEW YORK HARTFORD Theological Seminary School of Religious Education SEMINARY FOUNDATION Kennedy School of Missions W. DOUGLAS MACKENZIE, President A UNIVERSITY of religion. Three and cultural life of New England, half way between Boston and New York. separate schools of Christian training A series of handsome and well-apgrouped on one campus. The The- pointed buildings makes its campus one of the most beautiful in its section of ological Seminary trains for the minis- the country. The 'Case Memorial Li- brary containing 125,000 volumes is try; the School of Missions for the for the use of the three schools. This is one of the richest theological libraforeign field; the School of Religious ries in the country. The faculty is com- posed of 27 scholarly men and women Education for the lay worker and with vitalized personalities who have attained distinction in their respective teacher and for social service. Courses fields.

in any of the three schools are open to all students. Thus opportunity is offered for full-rounded religious edu- cation. .

Hartford Seminary Foundation is located in the center of the intellectual HARTFORD SEMINARY FOUNDATION, Hartford, Conn.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON. E.tiltor CONTENTS FOR MARCH, 1926 Page }'RONTISPIECE ……………. M,SS,ONARY WORK BY THE WAYSIDE IN MEXICO EDI'L'ORIALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1'65 THE GROWING FOREIGN PROBLEM IN CLOSF.R COOPERATION IN FOREIGN AMERICA MISSIONS HOME MISSION FORCES MEET IN ST. FACTS ABOUT THE PUILIPPINES LOUIS THE UNIT'ED STEWARDSHIP C'OUNClL THE NEW CRUSADE OF YOUTH STATISTICS THE EVANSTON STUDENT CONFERENCE ……………. MRS. E. C. CRONK 173 A graphic picture of what happened at the new "religious declaration of independence" of the Christian students in American unit'Braities.

ARE FOREIGN MISSIONS AT A STANDSTILL' ………. HARRY A. RHODES 179 A missionary to Korea calls attention to some of the present-day criticisms of foreign missions and di.'C'U8SCS the question of advance or retreat.

ANSWERED PRAYER IN BELGIUM ……………… Mlts. RALPH C. NORTON 181 CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR IN MISSION LANDS ………… FRANCIS E. CLARK 182 The honorary president and founder of the United SOoWty of Christian Endeatlor gives evidence from his 10tlII experience and world-wide travel to show the value of Christian Endeavor work in building up mi.•sian churches.

SOCIAL MOVEMENTS IN SOUTH AMERIOA ………….. FLORENCE E. SMITH 183 A missionary to Chile describes the great progress made in the last twenty years in combating social evils in South American countrie.•.

'l'HE CHALLENGE OF MEXICAN IMMIGRATION ……… EDWIN R. BROWN 192 A stirring appeal to the Protestant Church of America to give M'exican immi· grants the Gospel of Chr-illt at a timo when they are mo.•t susceptible to its injiuence.

BUILDING A CHURCH OF GOD IN MEXICO …. _………… N. W. TAYLOR 197 The story of how a Mexican who had heard and accepted the Gospel used his injiuence to build up a church in a community of poor Christian Indian .•.

TODAY IN MEXICO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G. B: WINTON 199 A brief word picture of the present sitWltion in 'Mexico as shown by the po- litical. fducational and religious condition•.

WHAT THE .CHINESE THINK OF CHR.ISTIANITY ……….. ARTHUR RUGH 201 Very interesting expressions by Ch~ne8e stUdents and others show'ing Iheir re- action toward Christianity, with their view of it.• failures and pos.•ibiliNes.

'l'HE ANTI-CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT IN CHlNA …………….. . 0. Y. CHENG 204 One of the Chinese secretaries of the Christian Council of China writes a very illuminating article on the extent and influence of tile movement against Christianity, fostered by Chinese students.

PROTESTANT MISSIONS AS SEEN BY A TURK…………………… _.

. …. _…………………… , ……….. QUOTED FROM A TURKISH PAPEIt 207 BEST METHODS SEEN AT EVANSTON …. _…………. MRS. E. C. OR.OOK 209 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BUL,LE,TIN …… EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 215 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLET'lN …. EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN 218 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ………………………………………… 221 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY ………………………………………. 237 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published mr.nthly. Copyrighted, 19216, by MISSJONA&Y REVIEW PUBLISHING CoMPANY, INC. All rights reserved, THill MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

Robert E. Speer, PresIdent WillIam I. Chamberl..ln, Vlce-Prelld…t Dela,..,n L. Pierson. Secretary Walter McDouga.lI, Treasurer Pllblle&t1oD om…, 3d A Reily SU., HarrIsburg, PI.. 250. a copy $2.60 a year Edltorl..1 and BUBlne•• Omce. 156 FUtll A…..U., Ne.. York City ••ter04 .. locond-cl… mILtter at tho Post Omce, HarrIsburg, PI." UDder Act of M..rch 3, 187& PERSONALS JUST PUBLISHED E. GRAHAM WILSON, since 1917 executive THE COST OF secretary of the West Side Y. M. C. A., New York City, has been appointed treasurer of A NEW WORLD · . . the Board of National Missions of the Pres- By KENNETH MACLENNAN byterian Church in the U. S. A. Secretary of the Conference of Missionary So- cieties in Great Britain and Ireland; General DR. AND MRS. J. K. GIFFEN, of the United Secretary of the United Couneil for Missionary Presbyterian Church, have completed a quar- Education, London. ter-century of service in the Sudan Mission. A SURVEY OF CURRENT WORLD • ** LIN TIEN Ho has been chosen by Dr. Car- MOVEMENTS AND THE RELEleton Lacy of the American Bible Society as his associate secretary in Shanghai. His VANCY OF JESUS CHRIST TO grandfather, a pirate, was one of the first converts of the Methodist Episcopal ll is- THEM. . sian in Foochow over fifty years ago. "One of the notable books of the season." *** -Public Opiniotl.

DR. JoH'N CoBB WORLEY, organizer of the "At once timely, instructive, and thought- World Friendship Travel Service of the Mis- compelling_" -Church Missionary Review. sionary Education Movement, sailed on December 28th from San Francisco with a "We should like to put his book into the group of travelers interested in seeing Chris- hands of every man and woman in this countian missions at work. Later Dr. Worley try who subscribes to foreign missions." will organize tours for Alaska, Latin America and Asia. -The British Weekly.

•** Price One Dollar DR. SAlI[ HiGIHNBOTTOM, the principal of Published by the Allahahad Agricultural Institute, is now in America to raise money for the Institute. MISSIONARY EDUCATION MOVEMENT Ove~ $5,o,,oO'O.0(l is definitely pledged or paid, leavmg about $252,00,0.00 to be secured. 150 Fifth Avenue New York City In Cincinnati the Allahabad Higginbottom Association has been formed. Each member of the Association fixes his or her own dues at $1.0Cl, $2.00, $5.,00, $10.00 or $100.,0,0 a year.

The six Missionary Fellowships awarded Life Annuities by Union Theological Seminary, New York, for 1926-27, have been assigned to: Work the Impossible Rev. Paul G. Hayes, S.T.B., Wuhu, China, They provide comfort and evangelistic missionary of the Methodist peace for your old age Episcopal Church; R~v. M. Hunter Harri- They provide security for son, S.T.B., Professor, Jaffna College of the your dear ones American Board, Ceylon; Rev. Emory W. They are safe-sure-de- Lnccock, B.D., Institutional ,Church, Shang- pendable hai, Chilla, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.; Rev. A. W. Wasson, S.T.M., President of the AT THE SAME TIME Vnion Methodist (South) Theological College, Seoul, Korea; Rev. T. Hiraoka, pastor, ~atsuyama City, Japan; Rev. William Sage "'oolworth, Jr., B.D., American Mission, Caesarea, Turkey.

* OBITUARY REV. G. H. BoNDFIELD, D.D., who retired They are your opportunity in 1923, after forty years of missiouary life to do your part for the in China, twenty-eight of which were spent Kingdom now-TODAY! on the staff of the British and Foreign Bible Society, died on November 9th. He is For lull details addres. said to have heen the directing force of the great Union versions of the Bible in Wenli M. W. Ehne., Treasurer, Board 01 Foreign and Mandarin, as well as of many translations and revisions in colloqnial Chinese. Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 150 Filth Avenue, New York, N. Y., or * W. J. Elliott, Treasurer, Board 01 Home Mis. REV. S. J. WmTMEE, who first landed in sions and Church Extension 01 the Methodist Episco. Samoa as a representative of the London pal Church. 1701 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Missionary Society sixty-two years ago, and who gave lessons in Samoan to Robert Louis Stevenson, has recently died in England.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW 07 'l'XII WORLD in writing to advertisers. (See article on page 197)

MARCH,1926

XLIX THREE THE GROWING FOREIGN PROBLEM IN AMERICA FORTY-TWO nationalities in a district with a population of . forty thousand were recently discovered by aNew York Oity pastor in a canvass of his parish. A study of the children in the public schools of a Rocky Mountain city disclosed thirty-two nationalities in a population of six thousand. A company of Koreans living in the mountains sent a representative to a pastor in that same community, asking for someone to preach the Gospel to them.

Not only in cities and smaller towns are the foreign-speaking peoples settling in large numbers and showing little evidence of becoming Americanized, but foreign-speaking peoples are settling also in rural communities. Easy transportation permits tradesmen and artisans to live from five to fifteen miles awav from their work so that those who lived in the open country in their native lands, after an experience of congested city life in ….merica, are turning back to the soil in great numbers. To evangelize these scattered groups filtering into rural communities, already occupied by tenant farmers, lays a burden upon our national home missionary societies which, in the next decade, will become exceedingly difficult.

In no section is this tendency more marked than in New England. With the Protestant youth leaving the farms to attend the higher institutions of learning and then going out to seek their fortunes in the cities of the land, and with the well-defined tendency of foreign-speaking groups to settle on these farms, Protestant Ohristianity, in rural New England, faces a new problem. The spiritual conquest of these peoples will tax the resourcefulness and leadership of New England home mission agencies to the utmost during the next one hundred years. Protestant Ohristianity must contend for its verv life in the face of these difficulties and tendencies.

What is true in New England is true in varying degrees in every state. Is it any wonder that a British minister, invited to a Boston pulpit, is said to have declined the call with the facetious remark, 165

that he could not think of accepting a pastorate in such a city because he could not preach the Gospel in six languages. Many firmly believe that the assembling of the nations in America, with the inevitable assimilation of these people in the years that may follow, is the .Divine attempt to create a people in America that may transmit the spiritual gifts of Heaven to the nations of the earth. c. L. W.

HOME MISSION FOROES MEET AT ST. LOUIS F OR the first time the Annual Meeting of the Home Missions Council andCouri.cil of Women for Home Missions met in an , inland city, at St. Louis, Missouri (January 21st to 25th). Most of the joint sessions were open to the public and were well attended by St. Louis church workers-a real evidence of cooperation. One of the interesting features of the conference was the presentation by Dr. H. Paul Douglass of a re-study of certain areas of St. Louis made since his original survey of St. Louis churches. He urged the churches of St. Louis to "make a stand" by "digging in" at their present locations although faced with startling changes in neighborhood conditions. A local committee composed of workers representing the Protestant religious communions in St. Louis invited Dr. Douglass to return to St. Lous four weeks later to present the results of his studies before members of the various boards of citv mission societies. Dr. William P. Shriver recommended a chur~h extension plan that should reflect an intelligent cooperative effort to meet the needs of the people rather than a slavish adherence to sectarian development.

The most important business of the Oonferellce was probably the report of a joint commission of the two Councils and the adoption of a set of principles, subject to the approval of the various constituent Ohurch boards and the Federal Council of Churches as to the future relationships of the Home Missions Council, the Council of Women for Home Missions and the Federal Council of Ohurches. These principles have in view the closer cooperation of the Councils so as to avoid overlapping, promote economy and increase efficiency. The Program Committee of the Conference for the 1927 meeting was ah:;o asked to give major emphasis to the question, "The Future Program and Policy of Home Mission Agencies."

"The Greatness of the Home Missions Task," by Dr. Charles L. 'White of New York, president of the Home Missions Oouncil, "The Need for Greater Oooperation, " by Mrs. John Ferguson of New York, president of the Council of Vomen for Home Missions and" The Essential Factors in the Building of a National Christian Conscience," by Dr. E. Y. Mullins of Louisville, Ky., were the subjects of stirring addresses at the opening session. Evangelism was named as the major imperative of the hour because it ministers to the dynamics

EDITORIAL (JOMMENTS

rather than to the mechanics of government. "The evangelistic preacher," said Dr. Mullins, "will be needed as long as there is a need of the civic and social reformer, the legislator, the judge or the statesman. He releases the slumbering moral and spiritual forces which are expressed in laws and institutions and other practical ways and means for realizing the ends of democracy. Christianity aims to deal with the sources of political action in men's hearts. It leaves men to frame any form of government they choose. Almost any form of government will succeed if men are first made right in heart and conscience. "

Dr. Clayton S. Rice pleaded for a thorough-going Christian program for Utah and the pick of America's trained workers to carry out the program. "Send your best young men to Utah for at least four years," he advised. The world-wide missionary enterprise of the Mormon Church, he said, was an object lesson of personal sacrince for the Christian Church.

Protests against sectarian Indian contract schools, anti-Semitic movements, mistreatment of Orientals and Negroes in America, and recommendations for increased comity among Protestant churches, greater missionary labors among migrant and immigrant peoples, and increased efforts to Christianize Mormonism, were among the resolutions adopted by the Councils in executive sessions.* COE HAYNE.

THE NEW CRUSADE OF YOUTH " AS the Student Interdenominational Conference at Evans- W ton a "flash in the pan," the sputtering of a fuse leading to a powder magazine, or a fire kindled in the hearts of Christian youth that will yet set the Church aflame with new zeal for a more practical and self-sacriiicing Christianity? We hope that it will prove to be the clarion call of the Christian youth of America to a New Crusade to put the program of Christ into practice in the Church and in the world.

The Evanston Convention, which is more fully considered elsewhere in this number, was intended to be a protest against the failure of the Church to unite so as to meet successfully the problems that are preventing a realization of the Kingdom of God on earth. r1'he seven hundred and fifty student delegates, including young men and young women of different races and denominations, did not represent a cross-section of the student body but rather a cross-section of the youth of the Protestant churches of America.

Though these students are still lacking in information and ex- * Officers of the Home Missions .councU for the comIng year are: Dr. Charles L. White. pres- ident; Dr. Charles E. VermUya, executive secretary; Miss Augusta N. Behrens, treasurer; Dr. John McDowell and Dr. George L. Cady. vice-presidents. and Ralph S. Adams, recording secretary.

The CounciJ of Women for Home Missions elected omeera as follows: Mrs. John Ferguson, president; Mrs. Edwin W. Lentz, recording secretary; Mrs. Orrin R. Judd, treasurer; Miss Florence E. Quinlan. executive secretary; Miss G. Evelyn MOorse. assistant treasurer; Miss Laura H. Parker. executive supervisor farm and cannery migrants; associate supervisor Miss Louise F. Shields.

perience and are impatient at restraint and failure, they are on fire with a desire to do something to correct the failures and abuses that they see in the Church and in society. "They have strong convictions on some moral questions and express themselves with unbounded self-assurance, but they manifest a sportsmanlike courage and readiness to take as well as give hard knocks. Above all, they manifest a sincere devotion to Jesus Christ and a desire to put into practice His principles of life as they understand them.

The general argument on which the Evanston Convention seemed to be based was: Conditions in the world are bad-politically, racially, industrially, socially and religiously. The Church of Christ is failing to stand out fearlessly and to unite effectively to remedy the existing evils. There has been too much theological discussion and too little practice of Christ's way of life. The youth have in the past been leaders in revolt against evils that have become entrenched by custom and tradition. The youth of the Church today must lead in a new crusade to outlaw war, racial discrimination, industrial oppression and religious bigotry. Now is the time for youth to unite and to make themselves heard and their influence felt.

These sincere and energetic young people should be sympathetically heard and their cooperation should be welcomed in church and in missionary councils and activities. They seriously approach the study of the problems that have to do with the Church, business and social life and international relations. While they accuse the Church of formalism, selfishness and capitalism, they recognize that the Church of Christ is the body that best represents Him and that should be counted upon to lead in reforms.

What is it that these Christian students ask1 First, that rivalry and division in the Church be abolished and that Christians be united in name, in program and in effort. Second, that theological disputes be discontinued and that emphasis be placed on the practice of the principles of Jesus and the carrying out of His program. They also ask indirectly to be given a place in the church councils and on church boards.

These young people have an ideal but they seem to lack a definite program. At Evanston, they adopted certain findings to express their convictions and appointed a Continuation Committee of twentyfive to plan the next steps. This committee includes some men and women of experience as well as students; ten are students, four represent church boards and six were chosen at large. Among the mem- bers are Mr. R. A. Doan of the Disciples, Mr. Stanley High of the Methodist Episcopal Board, Mr. H. T. Stock of the American Board, Miss Frances Greenough of the Baptist Foreign Mission Society, Rev. Walter W. Van Kirk of the Federal Council of Churches and Miss Florence Tyler of the Women's Colleges of the Orient. There

EnrtoRIAL COMMENTS

is also one Korean student, Mr. George Paik now in the Yale Divinity School.

These students need to become better acquainted with factsnot isolated incidents-but typical facts covering a broad range. 'l'hey need to know more of history and more of the real aims and problems of the Church agencies. They need to profit by the experience of others rather than to wait until they can test their theories only by personal experience. They need, not less enthusiasm, idealism and spirit of adventure, but more discretion, patience and tact in dealing with difficult problems.

The church officials should meet these youthful crusaders in a friendly spirit of sympathy and cooperation. Much may be gained through frank and friendly conference and their best-equipped leaders may well be invited to take positions of responsibility. Criticisms of the Church and its methods should be examined for facts rather than for flaws. If youthful idealism and daring energy are linked to the knowledge, experience and calmer judgment of maturity, the combination may be used greatly to advance the cause of Christ in the world. But the main emphasis must be on loyalty to Jesus Christ and the great dependence must be on the guidance and power of the Holy Spirit.

A generation or two ago, young men, stirred by the Spirit of God, came forward to arouse the Church into new activity; as a re- !mIt the Young Men's Christian Association, the Christian Endeavor Movement, and the Student Volunteer Movement were born. These young men sought their commissions from God, not from the Church. They saw a need, studied God's Word, asked guidance of His Spirit and undertook to meet the need without considering any selfish interests. They demonstrated the practical value of their idealism before they asked recognition from the Church. The leaders of the passing generation are always looking for those in the coming generation who have potential qualities of leadership. But these qualifications are not chiefly shown in self-confidence, courage and idealism but rather in the spirit of self-abnegation and a sacrificial devotion to the one great Leader and for the Cause to which He gave His life. "Follow Me," said Jesus; "Learn of Me"; "Be My wit·· nesses"; "Seek ye first the Kingdom of God. " When Sadhu Sundar Singh was asked if he had won any followers to his conception of the Christian way of life and service in India, he replied: "No; I have no followers. I myself am a follower."

We have not to ask whether the task is compassable, but only whether it is commanded. If the Master's call be clear, we shall find that, either on the sea like Peter, or through the sea like Israel, we are somehow able to go forward. WESLEY'S WORLD PARISH.

CLOSER COOPERATION IN FOREIGN MISSIONS ASTEP forward in the interests of closer cooperation in the great task of giving the Gospel of Christ to mankind was taken in the recent Foreign Missions Conference of Presbyterian and Reformed Churches, held in Philadelphia (February 9tlt to 11th). The delegates were officially appointed from the five denominations: Presbyterian Church in the U. S., Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. (commonly called Southern and Northern Churches), the Reformed Church in America, the Reformed Church in the United States and the United Presbyterian Chureh. These church bodies have a united membership of nearly three million, the largest being the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. with 1,873,859 members and the smallest the Reformed Church in America with 145,373 members.

The foreign mission boards of these churches conduct work in eighteen different countries and three of the boards work jointly in Mesopotamia. They have resident missionaries in 285 stations, conduct 4,505 schools and colleges and 127 hospitals. Their total church membership in these fields is 3340,623 and they contribute to union work $578,878. They have, on the field, 2,943 missionaries-over half of whom are under the Presbyterian Church, North,-and gave $8,566,886 to foreign missions last year.

The conference stimulated the spirit of fellowship among the leading members of the Presbyterian and Reformed Churches and. strengthened the sense of solidarity so as to pave the way for still more active cooperation and possibly for union.

Dr. Robert E. Speer, chairman of the program committee, called attention to the fact that these five branches of the Presbyterian and Reformed Churches are already united in spirit of fellowship and cooperation in all of the mission fields where they are working together. There is no disharmony or lack of agreement as to allotments of territory or work and there is close cooperation in union seminaries, hospitals and other institutions. The mission churches founded by these five boards have adopted a common name in each field. The Council of the Presbyterian and Reformed Churches in 1918 approved of the plan to carryon their foreign missionary work unitedly. A charter was adopted for union work under one foreign missionary board and was approved by the secretaries and by the constituent bodies. Two of the denominational bodies have not yet finally voted to adopt the plan, on the ground that there is no one authoritative supervising body over all the work and all the workers.

The conference was addressed by leading pastors, secretaries and laymen of the various Ohurches represented; reports were given as to the progress of the work at home and in the various fields and all were in agreement that the problem that confronts the foreign missionary work is the evangelization of the world through the presen-

1926J EDITORIAL COMMENTS

tation of Christ as the Son of God and the Saviour essential to the world.

FACTS ABou'r THE PHILIPPINE'S MUCH partisan propaganda has appeared (in books and peri- odicals) in reference to the Philippines and the readiness of the Filipinos for self-government. Some Americanofficials look upon the people of the Islands as a race of weaklings, incapable of standing alone, incapable morally and mentally of withstanding the temptations and trials of independence. They believe that, without American protection, the Islands would soon become the prey of a stronger and covetous nation. On the other hand, Filipino patriots and their sympathizers believe the Islanders to be as capable of handling their own affairs as are the Siamese and more so than are the people of many Latin American republics.

Without doubt, the Filipinos have made great strides, intellectually, morally, industrially and politically during the past twenty-five years. This has been due to the training given by Christian missionaries and under American educational and political representatives. An interesting letter from a prominent and respected Protestant missionary in Manila gives a clear view of the attitude of many of his colleagues. Rev. F. C. Laubach, the author of "The People of the Philippines" says: "You in America get very few unbiased opinions about the Philippine Islands. There are two large and well-financed sources of propaganda: the Philippine Independence Commission putting as much material into the newspapers as it can to prove that the Philippine Islands are ready for independence, and the Chamber of Commerce which is exploiting the Philippines, endeavoring to prove that the Philippines are not ready for independence, and hoping that they may be able to bring about permanent retention, or at least retention until they have made their money and gone home. Since the American capitalists have a stronger hold on American newspapers they succeed in getting more propaganda iuto the newspapers than the Filipinos get, with the result that the Americau public is more influenced by the propaganda of the American investors than by that of the Philippine Independence Commission."

THE FOURFOLD GOSPEL'S MISSIONARY COMMISSION WHY TO Go-Mat. 28: 12. "All authority hath been given unto Me in heaven and on earth. Go ye therefore and make disciples of all nations."

WHERE TO Go–Mark 16: 16. "Go ye into all the world and preach the gospel to the whole creation."

How TO Go–Luke 24: 47. "Thus it is written that repentance and remission of sins should be preached in His name unto all the nations, beginning at .Jerusalem. "

IN WHAT SPIRIT TO Go–John 20: 21. "Peace be unto you; as the Father hath sent me even so send I you."

S. M. ZWEMER.

UNITED STEWARDSHIP COUNCIL S'fATISTIOS, 1925 This statement contains the answers to questions submitted to the officials of the Communions below. The amount received for benevolences Is "the amount received from living givers for current official budgets of the permanent Boards and Agencies recog· nized by the NatIonal Body." Column "Total Gifts for All Purposes," includes not only contributions for local church expenses and from living gIvers for budget benevolences but it also includes contrilmtions from all other sources. Therefore, it may not be a total of the other columns.

I I 1 0…. >6 i …. ;, I End of Year .s~~ Communion 00'"" 'H " I I tt.1Q311..1 :..!.:'~ I ~ b£ § , ….. Q.) 0- ~.,., I ~ ~ >< ~ 'b",,,0"0 ! ~,,1'iI ~''"";'':0:Q; "~' " 1 "'0_ bO~ Eo< 1 United Presbyterian ………………….. $14.95 $22.141$38.32 $2,521,389.00 $3.733,641.00 $6,461,004.001 168,6381MarCh 31, 1925 2 Presbyterian U. S. (S.) ………………… 8.58 20.55 32.61 3,917 ,661.00 9.393,340.00 14,935,170.00 457,093 March 31, 192.~ 3 Moravian ……………………………. 8.05 14.70122.15 141,923.00 259,831.00 401,754.001 17,632 Dec. 31,1924 4 Reformed in America ………………….. 1 7.37 24.77 36.52 1,071,494.00 3.600.558.00 5,309,673.00 145,373 April 30, 1925 5 Presbyterian U. S. A. (N.) ………….. …. 5.15 22.76 3l.30 9,722,529.00 41,633,438.00 57,241,511.00 1,842185,.901564IMAparriclh 31, 1925 6 Methodist in Canada …………………. 5.00 17.14 22.52 2,092,066.00 7.173,310.00 9,423.702.00 30. 1925 7 Protestant Episcopal……………… …. 4.81 28.79·34.27 5,490,538.00 32.803,278.00 39,047.394.00 1.139.192 Dec. 31, 1924 8 Methodist Episcopal So. ………………. 4.21 7.30, 16.67i 10,406,728.00 18,057,697.00 41,182,778.00 2,470,407 Dec. 31, 19·M 9 United Lutheran …………… ………… 4.10 17.36 21.46' 3,512,337.00 14,859,760.00 18,372,097.00 856,180 1924 10 Lutheran, Except 9, 12 ……………….. 4.01 13.291' 17.51 4,408,822.00 12.960,434.00 16,942,269.00 967,317 1924 11 Evangelical Church …………………… 3.99 8.22' 20.54 836,339.00 1,720,473.00 4,297,792.00 209,238 Aug. 31, 1925 12 Lutheran Synodical Conference………… 3.91 13.43: 16.56: 4,615,949.00 11,160,012.00 15,775,961.00 799,057 19~4 13 Me~hodist Episcopal (N:) ……………… 3.81 19.01124.011' 14,882,746.00 74,342,674.00 93,903,021.00 3,911,046 Oct. 31, 1924 14 Umted Brethren In Chnst ………….. … 3.72 13.52, 17.241 1,437,479.00 6,221,902.00 659,381.00 86,185Isept. 30, 1925 15 Church of Brethren …….. … ……. …… 3.64 11.54' 15.37, 441,348.00 1,398,650.00 1,862,975.00 121, 184 Feb. 28, 1925 16 Cong;eg~tional ……………………… 3.61 22.191' 30.19, 3,169,603.00 19,507,607.00 26,537,007.00 878,995 Dec. 31, 19"24 17 BaptIst III Canada……………………. 3,58 17.45 21.03: 510,305.0() 2,490,694.00 3,000,999.00 142,725 Dec. 31, 1924 18 Baptist, North………………………. 3.56 16.72 23.25: 5,034,601.00 25,627,771.00 32,857,211.00 1,413,0391April 30, 1925 4,730,753.00 19 Refo;rmed. Unite.d States……………… 33..5306.1103..5710l11148..92711 1,218,982.00 15.526,769.00 6,601,231.00 348,0021May 31, 1925 20 DiSCIples of Chnst ……………………. 4,886,075.00 20,619,987.00 1,450,681 June 30, 1925 21 Evangelical Synod……………………. 3.20 20.2.5 25.02 763,127.00 4,882.498.00 5,931,056.00 237,000 Jan. 31, 1925 22 Baptist. South •……………………… 2.75 7.6n 10.44 9,863,153.00 27,496,460.00 37,359,614.00 3,574,5:n April 30, 1925 23 Christian •………….••…•.•…•.•…•.• 2.52 9.71 13.49 245,770.00 957,132.00 1.329.654.00 98,531ISept. 30, 1925 24 FrIends Five Year Meeting………… .. … 2,48 6.10 10.44 210,946.00 527,126.00 888.394.00 85,101MarCh 31. 1925 25 Methodist Protestant…………………. 2.30 13.01 15.33 443,365.00 2.486.688.00 2,930.053.00 188,683 Dec. 31, 1924 – – – – – – – – – . – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -~–I,—–I— $4.17$15.56$21.71$91,845,275.00 $342-'-.5_5_2_.4_9_6._00….!….$'-4_63-'._S_71-'-._67_8_.00~2_2__,00_9 ,_8_0"_,_ _ _ __ Compiled for the United Stewardship Council, HARRY S. MYERS. Secretary, 276 FIfth Avenue, New York City

Evanston Student

BY MRS. E. C. ORONK, PHILADELPHIA, P A.

H ISTORY in the making is difficult of appraisal. There are certain shrinkages and expansions in the measurements of conferences which make a vast deal of difference between the headlines in the daily papers and the permanent records of history.

Even now we are too close to the Interdenominational Student Oonference held in Evanston, Illinois (December 29 to January 1), tv estimate finally its dimen~ions, but there is reason to believe that it will have a place in church histories yet to be written.

The eager reporters whose pencils. were sharpened to the anticipatory point of hope that something would happen, as well as the cautious gallery guests whose defenses were carefully guarded lest something might happen, are alike agreed that something did happen. There were scare headlines in the daily press, but those who watched eagerly for the dawning felt the stirring of new hope as they saw and heard 857 student delegates* earnestly facing the problems and the possibilities of the Church which they unhesitatingly declared to be the best channel for the expression of their ideals, heard them call for "unselfish, intelligent service, steeped in the 'purity of the gospel of Jesus Christ and dedicated to sacrifice." Then weary overburdened leaders dared to hope, and to believe that youth had come to the kingdom for such a time as this.

In tradition and temper the delegates ranged from the most conservative student of the conservative theological seminary to the most radical communist of the state university.

From the gallery, official representatives of denominations and interdenominational agencies watched and listened, in unaccustomed silence. Many among them singlehanded, had set up and conducted conferences, and scarcely one was accustomed to attend any convention which he did not address, yet there was general appreciation of the spirit in which silence was imposed upon the galleries in order that student thinking might become articulate.

If the conference had adjourned at the close of the second day, it would have furnished some startling headlines for the daily press, but no paragraphs for church historians. Such an unusual group, gathered in an unusual way, could not be expected to arrive with findings neatly typed awaiting the signature of the committee. The first task was to "find itself." "Confused and can· servative" were two of the varied assortment of kindly critical .. Registrations represented 192 colleges and other educationa.l institutions. Visitors in the gallery Included 42 college professors; 77 church board secretaries; 70 student pastors; 24 editors of church papers; 50 representatives of interdenominational organizations and movements.

173

adjectives with which Dr. Albert Parker Fitch, (chosen by the students as discussion leader) urged them on to clearer thinking. "Intensely earnest but possessing insufficient information to be effective," was the admission of a student who urged further study of the subjects under discussion. Later sessions showed evidences of clearer and more unified thinking and determination to discover more adequate information.

The findings of the conference deal with the reports of committees on Appreciation of the Church, The Case Against the Church, Christianizing America, (including Christianity and Race, and The Church and Industry), The Church and Foreign Missions, The Church and War, and The Church and Education. Of especial interest to REVIEW readers are the findings on Christianity and Race, and on The Church and Foreign Missions.

FINDINGS ON CHRISTIANITY AND RACE We believe that present relationships between races are inconsistent with the mind and .teachings of Jesus concerning brotherhood; and we, as students, now face a real problem on our own campuses in the relations of the students of the various races and creeds; hence.

We suggest: that we give ourselves to an unbiased study of the races in an effort to find a solid basis for relationships of equality and mutuality and to gain an appreciation of the distinctive contribution and capacity of each race; that Cosmopolitan Clubs and other associations of similar purpose and scope be given all possible moral and material encouragement by the churches the young peoples' societies, and the homes in the communities concerued.

We especially commend the work of The Inter-Racial Council at the Ohio State University and recommend that such agencies be established on every campus, and in every community where there is a mixed population, with the end in view of discovering the causes of racial discrimination and obtaining an attitude of mind which will promote better cooperation and understanding between the races.

We endorse the Dyer anti-lynching bill.

THE CHURCH AND FOREIGN MISSIONS Months in advance of the conference a commission of twenty-five students studied the work of foreign missions, visiting the headquarters of a number of boards and interdenominational agencies. This commission submitted a report which presented the following causes for valid criticism of the missionary enterprise as now conducted: The exploitation by Christian nations of the lands to which they send missionaries.

The lack of appreciation of the culture of other peoples. The feeling of racial superiority. The lack of feeling of real friendship. The attempt to Americanize nationals of other lands, resulting in their deculturization, and failure to develop leadership. The forcing of meaningless Western denominationalism and division on the East.

THE EVANSTON STUDENT CONFERENCE

The reliance on Western government protection and the claiming, for missionaries, rights and privileges not possessed by nationals.

The exaction of indemnities fo.r mission losses.

The creatiDn of false impressio.ns (at home) resulting in pity and condescension, rather than appreciatiDn and true understanding, for the sake of raising money (to. support missiDns).

The unwillingness of American churches to. aid Christian work in the East except as it retains control Df prDperty and activities.

MISSIONARY PROGRAM AND THE STUDENTS The report of the Oommission on Foreign Missions reaffirmed that Ohristianity is unique among religions in the person of Jesus Ohrist and the expression of the character of God in Ohrist; that Ohristianity should make available for all men the power which comes through knowing Him; and that the foreign missionary program is an integral and essential part of the whole Ohristian enterprise. The commission recommended as the objectives of this program: The preaching of the Gospel of Ohrist at home and abroad; willingness' to modify and reinterpret the missionary program in view of changing world conditions; recognition of responsibility to· ward political and economic life, of the place and worth of nationals, and of a unity of purpose behind differing theological opinions.

The place and responsibility of the individual student in this missionary program was recommended as beginning with the develop. ment 'of friendly contacts with foreign students. The report then went on to present the missionary obligation of the student, as a: mem- ber of society, to oppose anti-Ohristian legislation, to combat economic imperialism and exploitation, and to recognize that loyalty to humanity and Ohristian idealism should take precedence in conflict with lesser loyalties. Emphasis was laid on the obligation of students to take their share in the missionary progra.m of their local churches and in the active support of progressive missionary policies through their Boards.

To this report of the Oommittee the conference added the following" findings" : 1. Denominationalism shDuld be absolutely cut Dut of the spirit and method o.f the Christian enterprise abrDad.

2. We must strive for mDre mutuality o.f giving and receiving not Dnly in missio.n wo.rk but also. by means o.f exchange students, prDfessors and Christian WDrkers.

3. Jesus' way of life must replace creedal and legalistic teachings.

4. We must separate Christian missions frDm political influence and Western materialism and we must stand unqualifiedly oPPDsed to commercial exploitations.

5. The missiDnary must WDrk in such a way as to. eliminate the need for his leadership as quickly as possible.

6. We must seek friendship with students frDm other lands.

AN ADDITIONAL STATEMENT Further, the Conference makes the following additions to this statement of principles in the report; 1. The missionary enterprise should become more, responsive to the courage and moral vision of youth and not be bound by the lack of vision in the churches.

2. The mission boards should be more honest with the constituency who are supporting them by explaining the policies fully though they forfeit some financial support.

3. We must seek to avoid fostering by our missions a narrow nationalism. 4. The mission boards should seek to find a way to appoint candidates to country and profession early in their educational career. 5. We must recognize a new frontier, other than geographical, which the evils of new social and economical exploitation have created.

STUDENT CONTINUATION PLANS The adjournment of the conference is not expected to end the matter. The appointment of a continuation committee is one but not the sole continuation guarantee. While no labelled consecration service was held, those who are not deceived by the presence or absence of labels know that during those days scores of students dedicated their lives to finding the truth and proclaiming it.

Are there dangers ahead ~ Wherever there is life there is danger. There is danger of action based on insufficient information; danger of prayerless impatience which refuses to "wait on the Lord"; danger of going far afield in the search for truth and justice; danger of discarding the real values, in the passionate desire to be rid of false trappings. But in none of these paths does the greatest danger lie. The greatest danger of all is that the Church in its boards and committees will fail to see its opportunity in the present student awakening. Evanston invited to its galleries representatives of church boards and committees. They were on the inside when the doors were closed. Will these church boards and inter-church conventions see the opportunity of inviting the students to their" gal- leries"~ Will we see the advantages of bringing youth more intimately into the councils of the Church 1 Will there be a reduction in the average age of boards and committees? The introduction of youth does not necessitate the discard of age, but only the lowering of the average in age and the increasing of the total in efficiency. Age may profit by the eager enthusiasm and adventurous idealism of youth, even as youth may benefit by the experiences, knowledge and calmer judgment of maturity.

"Recall the twenty-one years; give me back all its experiences, its shipwrecks its standings in the face of death surrounded by savages, with spears flying ~bout me, with the club knocking me to the g,round; give it me back, and I will still be a missionary."–JAMES CHALMERS, martyr among the can- nibals of New Guinea.

THE EVANSTON STUDENT OONFERENCE

FROM EVANSTON SPEECHES AND DISCUSSIONS T ODAY Martin Luther is one of the world's immortals. In 1521 he was a "damnable heretic and a dangerous radicaL" .. * * After a great cause has become triumphant crowds can applaud it and always do.

Jesus did not leave a model creed for all of us to sign but He did leave a model prayer for all of us to pray.

When white students make friends with colored students then they will be able to discuss the race problem.

The only value that property has is in its relation to human personality.

The furnace in which" flaming youth" can do its utmost is organized religion-the institution that we Protestants call the Church. No one can deny that the ashes need cleaning out; no one can deny that clinkers sometimes need breaking up by a modern Amos who wields a heavy bar, but just the same the possibilities for fiaming youth that wants to heat .. things up effectively are there. .. ..

Jesus was fundamentally a rebel-a rebel against the false piety which was smooth and unctuous.

A perilous group in the Church is the group that fear.s new ideas.

.. * * The spirit of Christ is the spirit of liberty-the spirit of creation.

If men are free they will make mistakes. True, but if men are slaves they w41 make nothing.

What shall it profit the Church if it gain the whole world and lose its own voice? If it spend its strength in building Gothic arches and have a beautiful place in which w say something, but nothing to say 1 The perpetuity of the Church is not to be made an end in itself.

* '" ..

.. .. If nations are to stop warring let the churches stop competing.

'"

Methods have been changed many times in the history of the Church. Our present methods are no more sacred than those that preceded them.

,. . Christian unity is not an impossibility. Jesus does not ask of us impossibilities. Jesus prayed for unity,..

The Church is the biggest organization in the world today to preserve that for which Christ gave His life.

2

Student

SUGGESTIONS CRITICISMS The Church has had the persistent 'i'he Church has been too satisfied capacity to rediscover Christ. with the "status quo."

*' *' *' * '*' «0 Jesus is the contemporary of each The Church has kept a historical generation. museum rather than a living zoo. «0 '*' *' *' *' *' The personal and the social gospel Our denominationalism is immoral are identicaL ancestor worship of church fathers.

'*' … '" To Jesus the Kingdom of God We generally choose corruption meant everything. rather than crucifixion. * ~ *' * * $ If you have the Word of God, get It is not easier for the average sec- up and give it. retary or bishop to be a Christian *** than for a camel to go through the Be willing to go to smash for the eye of a needle!

program of Jesus. '" «- '"

* * '" "You can not grow in here" has The Church, having cut out mam- been the attitude of the Church to- monism, will find fellowship with ward growing minds.

laborers, outcasts, and youth. * '*' '*'

*** I believe in missionary enterprise "Our Father" should grow to in- not so much to Christianize heathen volve a consciousness of aU mankind. but Christianize Christianity.

*** '" '*' «- Truth must be incarnated. Seek conscious and intelligent re- * * '" bellion against things as they are.

We can not be a Christian Church * • *'

and a pagan government. Christianity is a religion of the *** minority which they have tried to Our goal is a better world here and force upon the majority and thereby now-the Kingdom of God on earth. cor,rupted.

*** We have molded our Christianity The Church of Christ has always been a youth movement. to sanction everything we do. * to * *** We seek not only freedom from Our religion is not teaching repent- creed but freedom to build. ance for the significant sins of West- *** ern life.

We must make it better for people *** not to be born than born feeble- It is the responsibility of youth to minded. give to the Church what no one else *** can give-fearless, honest criticism.

Have a project Christianity. * *' * '" «- «- Some constructive criticism can be An open mind is a wonderful thing done best with an ax.

to let lciooe in the world. Our present method in the Church «- «- «- Can we use the Church Y Can we is no more sacred than each method lL~e Niagara Falls Y which has preceded.

178

Foreign Nlissions at a Standstill?

BY REV. HARRY A. RHODES, D.D., SEOUL, KOREA Professor in Ohosen Christian College T HIS question is written large over the present world situation regarding the progress of missions in foreign lands. Reluc- tantly we must consider the question and hesitate to presume too much, even on our faith. As we glance back over the centuries the progress of the Christian movement looks to have been steady. As a matter of fact, that progress often has been interrupted. Whether or not it will be interrupted during the present decade will be answered differently by different missionary and church leaders. In connection with the question there are certain conditions that ought to be considered.

Economically, at least, and probably for other reasons, the Christian peoples. of Europe are not as able to carryon the missionary propaganda as aggressively as they were before the war. In North America, on the contrary, many are more able but seem to be less willing. Mission boards are carrying on their work under the burden of huge deficits. 'While there is more money and people have employment and more luxuries than ever before, yet the mission work of the Church lags. The missionary zeal seems to be cooling at a time when missionary education has been carried to a high degree of efficiency. More missionaries than ever speak before their home constituencies. The number enrolled in mission study classes grows larger and the output of mission literature is greater. Yet the Church is marking time in the greatest of all causes which can claim its attention.

This seems to show that missionary information and favorable economic conditions are in themselves not sufficient to keep the mission fires burning. We must realize anew the hopeless condition of the world without Christ. If the so-called Christian nations can scarcely be saved, what will become of the others 7 In so far as Christian people share the feeling that the non-Christian religions are good enough for their adherents, we cannot expect the Church to be very zealous in proclaiming Christ and His Gospel as the only Way.

Another condition that militates against progress in missions is that hopes for union and cooperation are not being realized either on the mission field or in the home land. Even in mission lands we must admit that the Church is becoming more and more denominationalized. Union, movements in institutional work are not as popular as they used to be. Controversies in the Church are dividing Christian people into different camps. The result is a decreased emphasis on evangelism. The increases in membership in the home church are not so great; the attention of the Church is centered 179

upon itself, upon things disruptive, and the zeal to bring others into the Kingdom cools. The failure of the Interchurch W orId Movement has left us wondering whether or not the Protestant forces of the Church ever will be able to unite effectively in accomplishing its great task.

This lack of unity and cooperation is further seen in the fact that, after a hundred years of activity in missions, there seems to be less agreement than ever on mission fields as to the basic principles and methods of a missionary science. The general assent to the proposition that the business of the Church is "to preach the Gospel, " "to make Christ known," is rendered meaningless because there is such a divergence of opinion as to just what kinds of missionary work fulfil the conditions of preaching the Gospel.

Such problems as the use of foreign mission funds to support the Church on the mission field, missionary education, the place of social service and industrial training produce many opinions and the result is confusion among the secretaries, among missionaries and among native leaders. These and other forms of missionary work may be made effective if we stress sufficiently the main objective as saving the world through Christ by means of a spiritual dynamic and the revealed Word of God. But too often this objective is lost sight of in the mission machinery that has been set going.

Is missionary work less effective today because it is less direct in its real objective? If so, larger appropriations, more workers, and more varied forms of work will not bring the desired results. A greater unanimity as to basic things among missions working in the same country would be in the interest of progress and would be less confusing to native church leaders.

Again, the situation between nations, between races, and especially between the so-called Christian and the non-Christian nations is such that we cannot be surprised if the Christian movement is checked temporarily. In all the activities of life we are brought into closest contact with each other. Christian peoples are finding it difficult to live at close range, the Christianity they have been preaching at long range. The success of a group of missionaries depends not only upon how well they can practice what they preach but also upon how well it is being practiced by their own nationals in political, commercial, industrial, social, and racial relationships. The argument that "the missionaries are needed at home" has more the appearance of being valid today than ever before. In former years the doors in mission lands were closed because of prejudice based on ignorance; now they are being closed because of prejudice based on knowledge. Christianity is judged by the lives of those who live it and non-Christian peoples are inclined to judge it by the failures of those who profess it and do not live it, and by the actions of llon- Christians who come from the so-called Chr~stian lands.

AN8WERE,D PRAYER IN BELGIUM

Two things should be said in conclusion. One is that the progress of the world-wide Christian movement cannot be stopped. Humanly speaking it might die out as other religions have doue. But Christianity is of divine origin and if our present-day type has become too much adulterated, it will be purified, and the program of Christ in its world-wide implications will then be carried out. If we of this generation should fail it would be the worse for us, but Christ will not be defeated in His purpose of love for the world.

But a temporary halt in the progress of world-wide evangelization need not to be interpreted necessarily as failure. We may have been too insistent on quick results because of the effect it would have on the home church in getting more funds and more workers. With unlimited spiritual forces on our side we can well afford to be patient and stand still for a time if need be, without relaxing one whit in our zeal and determination to press on as soon as possible.

Answered Prayer in Belgium Mrs. Ralph Norton of the Belgian Gospel Mission records, with gratitude, the following explicit answers to prayer in the year 1925: PRAYERS ANSWERS 1. In March-for an evangelist to Providential appearance of Mr. take charge of an important post that Jung, a Swiss pastor. had been made vacant. Mistakes aVQided. Voluntary su- 2. In March-for guidance in re- pervision by a convert, a builder by modelling headquarters building. profession.

3. In March-for superintendent Miss May B. White sent Qut. for girls' dormitory. Recovery of Mr. Norton, Miss 4. In March-restoration of health White, Mrs. Teenwissin, Pierre Van of workers. Steenbergh and others.

5. In March-for a house in St. Suitable building dedicated Decem- Nicholas. ber 6th.

6. In June-for a strong, spiritual Installation of Pastor Mayer of pastor for Antwerp. Holland on November 1st. .

7. In August-For blessing on Gospel motor car loaned and large summer work. results came from the tour in new dis- tricts. 8. For money to purchase two itinerating gospel cars. In NQvember, the two cars under construction. 9. For new car for headquarters to replace the old Hudson. Provided for by spontaneous gift Qf friend in America. 10. For more new workers. Nine have joined the staff and nine 11. For $5,500 a month for mainte- others have begun to prepare in the nance. Training SchoQL 12. For conversions and for streng- Gifts sufficient for every need. thening converts. Hundreds Qf conversiQns and new PQwer evidenced in the Christians.

Endeavor in Mission

BY REV. FRANCIS E. CLARK, D.D., LL.D., BOSTON, MASS.

VERY early in the history of Ohristian Endeavor it came to be a recognized missionary agency in many lands, and its peculiar adaptability to the needs of those just emerging from heathenism was admitted. The societies rapidly grew in numbers and individual strength in all these countries, until now there are over 1,200 societies in Ohina, more than 2,000 in India, some 250 in Japan, some hundreds in the South Sea Islands, and smaller contingents in all the lands to which American or British missionaries have gone.

Some of the most notable conventions in the history of the movement have been held in non-Ohristian lands. But the chief educational and training value of the societies is not found in the conventions, important as they are, but in the quiet, obscure, every-day work of the individual societies, large and small. In these they learn to confess their Master, to pray in public, and to perform any tasks that the Ohurch needs to have done, as do the young people in the home lands. They have also, peculiar opportunities for service which the Endeavorers at home seldom enjoy. In 1896 I happened to be in India when the terrible bubonic plague raged. Bombay was half deserted, and it was said that 400,000 people had fled the city. The surroundings of the railway station were thronged with poor coolies who sometimes waited for days to get a chance to board the fourth-class cars. Noone knew how the plague was carried, until at length it was discovered that fleas carried by rats bore the plague from house to house, and a premium was put upon killing the rats. Whereupon the Endeavorers formed themselves into "Rat Tail Oommittees," for the destruction of the rodents. In order to prove their faithfulness to their duties they had to carry the tails of all the rats they killed, to the government authorities.

Experience has proved that when no church can be formed, or even a Sunday-school, in tiny village communities, little societies of Ohristian Endeavor can be formed. In these, without the aid of a 'missionary or native Ohristian worker, the converts, just out of heathendom, can meet together, talk about Ohristian themes, read the Bible if any of them can read, and pray together. These little group societies serve at least the purpose of a little candle shining in the darkness of non-Ohristian faiths.

The Ohristian fellowship developed by the unions large and small is greatly prized, and is itself a training school in cooperative, unified Ohristianity, while it tends to diminish the sectarian reproach so often thrown at Protestantism, for in these unions all Ameriean and British mission boards are represented save one or two.

182

Movements in South

MISS FLOREl'NOE E. SMITH, SANTIAGO, CHILE Missionary of the Presbyterian Church with U. S. A.

T HE need for a forward social movement has existed for cen- turies in South America, but for centuries the continent it- self did not realize it. When the first Congress on Christian Work in Latin America was held in Panama in 1916, national social forward movements could scarcely have been said to exist. The succeeding decade, however, has seen a widespread awakening of national social conscience. The consideration of these movements had a large place in the Montevideo Congress' last April.

One of the most prolific causes of poverty, illiteracy, illegitmacy, inebriety and all the other offspring of social evil is found in the unequal distribution of land in these great countries of the south. One class has all the land, all the wealth, and all the prestige, while another class has been held since colonial times in a bondage which amounts to slavery. The great haciendas or farms in Chile and Argentine cover thousands of acres and are owned by a comparatively few rich men who live luxuriously in the capital, spending the wealth which flows into their coffers from the labor of the inq'uilinos or peons, who are practically slaves. As Professor Ross says: "From the Rio Grande, all along the West Coast to Cape Horn, free agricultural labor, as we know it, does not exist."

The peon is given a hovel and a small piece of ground to cultivate, but for this privilege he must pay the owner in work. He is paid an infinitesimal sum with which he must buy supplies for his daily needs from his landlord at disproportionate prices. He must also sell his products to the same landlord under similar conditions. As a logical sequence debt follows, with practical slavery. In some countries these debts are transferrable in case of sale, so tha,t the poor peon is tied to the lapd with small hope of escape. In one country the extent of a farm is measured not in acres but in "hands." The owner, however, may dismiss these workmen at his pleasure.

Such a system can exist only where there is widespread ignorance, and it is not to be wondered at that land-owners with no social consciousness should try to maintain the status quo. Schools, newspapers, contacts with the city, lectures or missions-in fact any agency which tends to educate and extend the horizons of this submerged class-do not enter into his program. In Chile there is a law obliging any landowner on whose estate there are twenty children of school age to establish and maintain a school but, like so many other good laws on our statute books, it is a dead letter.

Indications of the dawning of a better day, however, are not 183

lacking. Agitators for equal rights have penetrated even the moun- tain fastnesses of the cordillera, and strikes among the inquilinos in the south of Chile are serving notice to social exploiters that not forever may any portion of mankind be fettered.

The sons and daughters of these laborers do not remain on the farm. They drift to the towns and cities, and as they have had no education and know no trade, they form that shifting population which is always a menace. Even the homes which they establish are transient relationships with first one woman and then another. After a few months or years she is left with her offspring to get a living as best she may, or to form another temporary relationship as convenience dictates. What wonder that beggars abound in our streets, that venereal diseases are gaining a frightful ascendancy and that the infant mortality in these countries is the highest in the worldT Immigration also presents its problems in Latin America. As the older civilizations are closing their doors to the stranger, these countries, rich and broad, afford an attractive future. The United States and Canada are beginning to discriminate, Australia already says "No admittance." Where then shall the excess popUlations of Europe and the Orient go ~ There is only South Africa and South America. In Brazil, Uruguay and Argentine the problem of caring for immigrants is already becoming acute. Brazil has some 50,000 Japanese on her coffee plantations, and more continue to arrive. Peru has thousands of Japanese in her rice and cotton fields, and the mixture of Oriental and Peruvian blood is forming a new race on the ·West Coast. Argentine alone has seen more than 200,000 immigrants arrive in one year. During 1901-1919, she received 1,764,103, the major part coming from Italy, Spain, France and Germany. Between 1906 and 1919, Brazil received 1,915,813 immigrants, principally Portuguese, Spanish and Italian, although there was also a substantial quota of Russians, Germans, Japanese, Turks and Austrians. Today Buenos Aires is a larger Italian city than Rome. Brazil has more than 2,000,000 people of Italian descent, and more than 300,000 of German blood, the latter having congregated mostly in the State of Rio Grande do SuI.'"

As education has gradually permeated all classes of society and a middle class has slowly emerged, bound neither to the soil nor to the reigning oligarchy, many existing conditions have been found intolerable, and almost imperceptibly at first, but none the less surely, these social forward movements have taken shape and gathered momentum until today they are forces to be reckoned with by presidents, parliaments and populace. Let us glance at four which are outstanding.

• "Social Movement. in South America" (page 12).

So.CIAL MOVEMENTS IN SOUTH AMERICA

THE TEMPERANOE MOVEMENT Chile's great central valley may be said to be one continuous vineyard, and this fertile source of income has made her not only one of the chief wine-producing countries of the world, but has given her the sad preeminence of being one of the most drunken.

. Many of the largest vineyards and wine bodegas are said to be owned by the Church. Patriotic citizens have not been slow to perceive where this commerce is leading the nations, and the Tem- perance Movement has therefore been one of the first concerted social efforts, particularly in Chile and Uruguay. In Chile there are four well-established and active organizations, of national initia- tive and membership, which are combating the drink evil with con- siderable success. A" dry zone" has been established in Punta Arenas, Chile's most southerly port, and within the past few weeks another one has been proclaimed in Valparaiso's most notorious red-light district. The Federation of Labor prohibits absolutely the sale of liquors in a.ny of .its centres, and on various occasions men belonging to this body have refused to unload boats bringing in large quantities of liquor. Instruction as to the noxious effects of alcohol is being given in the public schools, and public lectures in theatres and halls.

Experiments are being made to discover other profitable uses to which the land now used for vineyards may be dedicated. In all these efforts, President Alessandri has afforded active cooperation.

In Argentine, the temperance movement began in 1903 with the establishment of the Anti-Alcoholic Argentine League by Dr. Do- mingo Cabred, and in 1916 the People's Anti-Alcoholic League was started by the People's Atheneum. The Government has confined its intervention to a high tariff.

There is reason to hope that Uruguay may be the first South American country to pass an effective dry law. Some of the leaders in this movement are persons of outstanding social prestige, and a Young People's League, composed of both young men and women, is doing active propaganda, not only in the large cities, but all through the republic.

In Peru, a National Temperance Society was formed in 1912, and thanks to its efforts a law was recently passed which prohibits the sale of intoxicants from Saturday to Monday. This Society is responsible for the statement that in Lima there is a saloon for every nineteen families, but a public school for every 1,025! .

In Brazil, in spite of efforts made by prominent Brazilians and others, the temperance movement as yet has not taken root.

The Pan-American Union, at its meeting in Santiago in 1923, made the following recommendations: 1. A system of progressive imposts on the tariff and sale of alcoholic liquors; of hygienic and sanitary measures, fines and penalties tending to restrain fraud in their fabrication and sale.

2. Measures which shall consider the establishment in public school and high schools of obligatory courses in hygiene, physiology and temperance, so illustrated that they shall show graphically the consequences of using alcoholic beverages.

3. A study of the influence of alcohol on nutrition. 4. A restriction in the use of alcoholic liquors through the closing of saloons on feast days, and the prohibition of their sale in the vicinity of' schools, shops and military and naval establishments.

THE FEMINIST MOVEMENT In 1916 there could scarcely be said to exist in South America any feminist movement. The first activities of women were limited to works of benevolence in connection with the Church, which has carried on a large charitable work through its orphanages and asylums. During the war Red Cross activities claimed their attention and developed their initiative; and soon the great infant mortality in all these countries brought forth an effort to counteract it through milk stations, creches, baby campaigns, et.c., which have reached a surprising development in most of the large cities. rrhey do much in the way of alleviation and something in the way of education, but so long as hygienic conditions remain as they are, their work will not diminish in the near future.

One of the first struggles to establish the position of woman outside of the home in South America was in Argentine in 1904, when the authorities refused to admit women to the Medical School of the University. In that year a Feminist Centre was organized by Dr. Elvira Rawson de Dellepiane, where lectures were given on child hygiene to working-women. In 1911 another physician, Dr. •Julieta Lanteri Renshaw, founded a League of Rights for Women and Children, from which organization came the initiative which resulted in the American Child Congress in Buenos Aires in 1913, with later meetings in Montevideo (1919), Rio de Janeiro (1922) and Santiago (1924).

Today all the women's organizations in Argentine, whetber of beneficent, religious or social character, are affiliated in the National Council of Women, which is doing a fine work in the development of the women all over the country. There is also a Mothers' Club which tries to better conditions and educate the mothers in the care of their children. For several years there has been held annually in Buenos Aires a Baby Week under the efficient care of Mrs. Ernest Nelson.

In Chile, women's activities have developed around a cultural basis in four different strata of society: The National Council of Women, which unfortunately in Chile is not a federation but a single organization among professional women; the Club de Senoras (Women's Club) an aristocratic and more or less conservative group under the particular patronage of the Archbishop; the Feminine

SOCIAL MOVEMENTS IN SOUTH AMERICA

Civic Party, representing middle-class women; and the Federation of Working-Women, which has its organization devoted to social betterment. It is curious that the conservative group are most vociferous in claiming "votes for Women," but the others see in this a menace of clerical control and are slow to join forces.

The Pan-American Congress, held in Santiago in 1923, presented the following resolutions: Resolved, to Recommend to the Governments of this Continent the revision of their civil legislation with the object of modifying such provisions as do not correspond to the actual cultural conditions of the American woman, and which subject them to unjust inequalities before the law because • of their sex. (Minutes of P. A. Congress, p. 289, Art. 3, Resolutions.) As in Argentine, the struggle for equal rights for women began in Uruguay with the claiming of a doctor's degree by a woman. In 1908 Srta. Paulina Luisi received the first degree given to a woman in her country. She founded, in 1916, a National Council of Women, a federation of all the women's organizations in Uruguay, which is in turn affiliated with the International Council of Women, with headquarters in Holland. Uruguay is the first (and only) South American country to grant divorce, and these laws favor the woman in every instance.

In Brazil, Peru, Bolivia and Paraguay, feminist movements of various sorts have been inaugurated, but are still in their infancy.

According to Encina, a Chilean author, his countrywomen-and the same would hold true of the women in other parts of the continent -are superior to the men of their class because they have not dissipated their strength in riotous living. The male adolescent begins "seeing life" at fourteen, and by the time he reaches real manhood he is too often diseased and exhausted. The women are naturally intelligent, and when given educational advantages they are often brilliant. Only of recent years is the idea permeating society that woman can do anything but bear children and serve her lord and master in a man-made world. But as will be seen by the foregoing, the bonds are snapping, and South American men will have to look well to their laurels as women invade the professions and begin to interest themselves in politics.

THE ORGANIZED LABOR MOVEMENT Spain stamped upon her colonies in the new world the old belief that three fourths of the world was born to serve the other fourth. The conquistadores called the Indians whom they impressed into their service "pieces" and in the concept of the aristocratic governing classes, "pieces" are still those who toil and serve. Nevertheless it is impossible to sit on the lid of a volcano indefinitely, and in Chile and Uruguay, at least, warning is being served that it is time to get off and hie to a safer place.

Uruguay undoubtedly leads among South American nations in the number of her legislators and public men who study industrial conditions and seek their amelioration. She was among the first to ratify the International Conventions of Labor approved in the Conventions at Washington, Genoa and Geneva respectively. Her first Labor Law (against Accidents) was passed in 1914, and in 1920 an Indemnization Law, applicable to laborers of whatever class, was passed, whose provisions are far more generous than that of any other S. A. country. Uruguay was four years ahead of the United States in adopting the eight-hour working-day, and this law applies not only to industrial workers, but also to employees in trains, street cars, banks, hotels, etc. In 1918 a law was passed mak~g chairs for employees obligatory in shops, offices and factories. In the same year they passed a law controlling night work in bakeries and macaroni and candy factories. In 1919 they passed a Pension Law for the Aged which stands beside the English Law as one of the leading provisions of this sort in the world. In 1920 a law was passed granting a weekly rest-day even to domestics.

In Chile the working-man's pot is boiling furiously and quite frequently it boils over, as is wi.tnessed by the two days' general strike in Santiago the first of November, when for a time it was doubtful whether it would stop at a strike or develop into a real revolution. Communist doctrines have permeated the people to such an extent that a Communist candidate ran for President in the last elections, and the big strike was called because he was defeated. The Federation of Labor was organized in 1909, and represents some 250 trades unions and 300,000 members, comprising 90% of the workers in the eoal mines, 70% of those in the nitrate districts, and 10% of the farm-hands on the big estates in the south. This Federation has a printing-press, a daily paper and one hundred day and night schools.

The situation in Brazil is particularly complicated, owing to the diversity among the working elements and the large percentage of foreigners. In Sao Paulo a third of the population is Italian, and there are some twelve other groups, including Russians, Irish and Japanese. Brazil keeps an open door for the immigrant and tries to provide him work without oppression or hostility. There can scarcely be said to exist as yet in Brazil an organized labor movement.

In Peru there have been many local attempts at organization, but most of them have been tempestuous and short-lived. Factories, railway and maritime men have separate organizations, and latterly a Regional Federation of Indians has been formed, which claims to represent 4,000,000, but not being as yet well-organized, it does little more than complain against abuses, of which in truth there are a plenty.

SOCIAL MOVEMENTS IN SOUTH AMERICA

STUDENT MOVEMENTS One of the most interesting social movements in South America, and to a North American mind one of the queerest, is the Student Movement. The first one originated in the University of Oordova, Argentine, and concerned certain university reforms. In these southern universities there is no university life as we understand it, centering about the campus, sports and social gatherings. Teachers are not resident professors, but men who come and go to their classes, and who have almost no real contact with their students. There are no student dormitories nor inter-university matches. The students live where they can and go and come as they like, attending classes when they see fit, and cramming during the last two months of the year to make up for negligence at other times. So instead of having these interests to bind them together, they coneern themselves with the management of their university and political questions of the day. When anything occurs which they do not like, such ati? the removal of a favorite teacher, or the installing of an unpopular one, they make what is known as a "manifestation" of discontent. They refuse to attend classes, and instead march through the streets with banners and mottoes setting forth their complaints and ideas. In Argentine, Peru and Ohile they have acquired such strength that they must be reckoned with. A few years ago, when the Papal Nuncio came to Ohile to collect certain proceeds from the sale of Ohilean properties it was the students who obliged. him to leave without his spoils; and quite recently, in Peru, when' the Peruvian Government wished to dedicate the nation solemnly to the patronage of the Sacred Heart, it was the students, making common cause with the working classes, who obliged it to desist. There is great sympathy between these two somewhat incongruous classes, the students and the laborers. In many places, it is the students who are carrying on night-schools for working-men, doing both the teaching and the bearing of expenses of rents, etc. They sometimes combine forces in strikes and other manifestations to help each attain its ends. For the most part they are irreligious if not actively antireligious. Having seen so many abuses committed in the name of religion, they heartily despise everything which is tinged with ecclesiasticism. But they are the hope of these young nations, and are quick to respond to reality in whatever form.

"VHAT PARTICIPATION IN OR INFLUENCE OVER THESE MOVEMENTS HAS THE EVANGELICAL OHURCH IN SOUTH AMERICA~ This question may be answered by two monosyllables ap-parently contradictory-none and great. Of definite organized participation in these social forward movements, there has been practically none. Every. Evangelical Ohurch is a temperance organization in itself, and all its members (at least in Chile) are total abstainers; but they have

taken no part in the National Temperance Movement. Evangelical laborers belong to their trades-unions, but usually take no active part. Few women in our churches even know of the existence of feminist organizations. The reasons are not far to seek: 1. The Evangelical Church has been born and nourished in en- forced obscurity, owing to the persecution of which she has been the object since her conception-a persecution insidious and tenacious, and none the less real for being oblique.

2. "Not many great, not many noble" are among her members; they are learners rather than leaders.

3. Political conditions are so corrupt and the average new be- liever is still so weak on his legs that he does not covet a struggle. Drinking, vote-selling and other vices abound, and he prefers to keep away from them.

4. Church members have been inclined to consider themselves a privileged group rather than one with social responsibilities.

The Evangelical Church in Brazil is an exception to these con- ditions.. Having long since outgrown the period of persecution, which perhaps was never so fanatical there as in other parts of South America, she has grown constantly in strength and influence, and many of her leaders are men of education, social prestige and in- fluence.

But, contradictory as it may seem, the Evangelical Church in South America, even where it is weakest, has had great influence- ~ none the less great for having been indirect. No group of people in any land can consistently practice and teach sobriety, industry, purity, equality among the sexes and veracity, without exerting an enormous influence.

1. The Evangelical Church in S. A. has stimulated and purified the State Church. Wherever an evangelical chapel or school has been opened in a neglected district, immediately the Catholic Church has hastened toi tend the needs of that district. It has been literallv compelled to put the Bible into the hands of its people, in order t~ compete with what they are pleased to call the "fraudulent Bibles" of the Evangelicals. The Pope has now ordained that the gospels shall be read. It is an open secret that the recent youth movements in the Catholic Church in these countries are copies of the activities of the Young Men and Young Women's Christian Associations, and designed to counteract them. At a notable meeting during the Eucharistic Conference held in Santiago some three years ago, Bishop Edwards, one of Chile's most progressive and honored ecclesiastics, publicly stated that the pure lives of evangelical ministers were a re- proach to Catholic priests.

2. It has permeated all classes of societies through its schools. The graduates of Mackenzie College, Ward Institute, Santiago Col- lege, the Instituto Ingles and many other similar institutions for

SOCIAL MOVEMENTS iN SOUTH AMERICA

young men and women of upper and middle-class families, are known everywhere as "different." When social movements are set on foot, they are ready to lead. It is impossible to estimate the social possi- bilities in the future of the thousands of boys and girls who pass through mission schools of primary and secondary grade all over this continent.

3. It is establishing new forms of conduct. Evangelical work- men and employees are desired and sought out. They do not lose two days to recover from a drunken bout on Sunday. 'J'hey can be trusted. They respect womanhood and follow the single standard of pure living. .

But this is not saying that the Evangelical Church in South America has not a still greater work to do. There is no doubt that it has tended to be too timid and self-centered in the past. It is only now beginning to acquire a national social consciousness. There is a great future before it. South America needs leadership. It is stretching out eager hands toward great human causes. Look at these thousands of students, young, virile, strong to make or mar themselves and the future. Look at her leading intellectuals who have drifted far from any form of religious faith because the old moorings have proved unstable. Look at her hundreds of thousands of working-men and women, clamant for life, for rights, for priv- ileges which are their due, but of which they have been despoiled so long. The State Church, in all these countries, has, to a great extent lost her grip on these elements. They can no longer be coerced-they must be won. They carmot be longer frightened by threats of eternal perdition. They have lived in hell too long to fear anything which they believe to be unreal.

It is a great task: who is sufficient for it 7 Only the Spirit of God and those whom He shall empower.

REV. ALVARO REIS OF BRAZIL BRAZILIAN Protestantism recently suffered a great loss in the death of the Rev. Alvaro Reis who was for twenty-eight years pastor of the First Presbyterian Church of Rio de Janeiro. He was a man of intense evangelistic fervor, a pulpit orator of the first rank, a religious journalist, and a prolific author. The esteem in which he was held by the public was shown by the secular press for the Rio dailies published long articles, accompanied by his portrait, praising his character in the highest terms.

The fruit of Mr. Reis' labors is shown in the thousands of Brazilians who were won to Christ through his ministry. He also founded a score or more of churches and chapels in Rio and its suburbs. He was a moving spirit in many enterprises, and he was one of the outstanding evangelical Christian leaders in South America.

Challenge of Mexican

BY REV. EDWIN R. BROWN, LOS ANGELES, CALIF()R,NIA The American Baptist Home Mrission Society STRAIGHT into the faces of American Christians is fiung a chal- lenge that cannot be ignored. It is the challenge of Mexican im- migration to the Christian churches in the United States. While American Protestant churches have been very active in sending out missionaries these same churches have viewed with seeming indifference the arrival of immense multitudes of Mexicans who have come within their very doors.

During the past fifteen years of revolution, no less than ji,ve million Mexicans have come into the United States, and of these, some two million have returned to Mexico. Each year now, from fifty to ninety thousand come north across the border so that today there are over three million Mexicans in the United States, scattered from the border northeast to Chicago and beyond. The labor vacuum in the industrial centers of the northeast, caused by the restrictive immigration laws, has sucked the Mexican from the border as it has the Negro from the South. The tip of the wave of Mexican immigration reaches as far north as Detroit and as far east as Pittsburgh. Naturally the points of greatest density are nearest the border where Texas, New Mexico, Ari'zona, and California have immense quotas. Los Angeles, for instance, has 125,000 Mexicans, with 20,000 Mexican children enrolled in the city's public schools.

Here is the amazing spectacle of vast multitudes of unevangelized people living in the very shadows of the most missionary churches of the world. The barriers of language, color, and customs keep them from entering the church doors of their adopted land, but they are basically a religious people, reverent, warm-hearted, eagersouled, and willing to learn. In their own country they have never had the opportunity to advance. The Bible has been denied them and they have been fed instead on fables and superstitions, idle tales and immoral examples.

Now they find themselves in the land of the free, with old inhibitions and limitations suddenly removed, and their minds and hearts and souls open to the impact of the new, the strange, and the different. They present one of the richest missionary opportunities the Christian churches of the United States have ever known. Wonderful harvests can be reaped from the sowing of gospel seed among them. One denomination, for instance, which has merely been playing at evangelizing these Mexicans, with a budget of a paltry $30,000 a year for work among three million people, nevertheless reports a 192

1926J THE CILU,LENGE OF MBxlOAN IMMIGRAT!ON

A MEXICAN PROTESTANT CHURCH IN THE MAKING tenfold increase in membership in seven years, and an increase in – the number of preaching stations from nine to over sixty.

Less helpful propagandists have been more quick to recognize the opportunity. Socialism, the I. W. W. and Communism find a ready soil for their seed among the Mexicans in our country, while atheism and irreligion find eager listeners in these new comers. It is a common thing to hear a soap-box orator speaking in Spanish to the Mexicans on our streets, call the Bible" the most brutalizing, the most degrading, and the most immoral of books," and counselling the Mexican laborers, whose" hands produce all this wealth, to rise up, kill off the rich and take possession of the wealth you have created." Meanwhile the churches of America, if perchance, they have seen these Mexicans at all, have looked upon them with indifference, if not with disdain.

Not only do the rich results of gospel preaching among the Mexicans in our country, and the remarkable opportunity they present, challenge us American Christians, but we must evangelize them if we are to prevent American institutions from falling under the power of an alien hierarchy. In the state of New Mexico, seventy-five percent of the inhabitants are of Mexican blood, and the legislature carries- on its proceedings in both Spanish and English. Money from the state treasury is used to support Catholic schools and other institutions, and Roman nuns in conventional garb teach in the public 3

schools. Throughout the Southwest there are many areas where it cannot be said that the Mexican is a stranger, but rather that the Anglo-Saxon American is the stranger in his own country.

The existence of a very decided "los von Rom" moveI;llent among the Mexicans also presents a thrilling challenge to evangelical churches. For three hundred years the development of the Mexican people was throttled by the hand of Rome. Then came a hundred years of revolution during which the Spanish yoke was first thrown off, and then the power of Rome was broken.

Out of all the disorder there has arisen a new national conscious- ness which within the past few months is seeking to express itself in the organization of an independent religious movement to correct the evils of Romanism, while retaining the papal form of worship and doctrine. A Mexican has been chosen as the patriarchal head of the new church, which calls itself The Mexican Catholic Apostolic Church with the Bible as its rule of faith and practice, and proposes to spend in Mexico for religious education the eighty million pesos a year or,dinarily sent to Rome. The movement has obtained many supporters and is favored by the present government officials. Its leaders are looking for help, and evangelical denominations in the U. S. should send some of their strongest Mexican preachers to guide their countrymen into the full gospel light.

The same causes have made the Mexican immigrants in the United States open to the Gospel as never before. D'eeply and instinctively religious, yet keen in their rebellious criticism of the religion of their fathers, they are first amazed at the outward evidence or the strength of Protestantism in this new land, and then are genuinely eager' to learn the truth of the teaching against which they had been so often warned in their own country by their religious leaders. So as the Bible is placed in their hands, or they are touched by the more or less feeble contacts the evangelical churches have thus far been able to make, they become eager to hear more, and from every city and town in the Southwest come Macedonian cries for help. Every Mexican colony is an open door for the Gospel and a challenge to the evangelical churches. Already, as a result of past seed-sowing, the harvest is ripening faster than we are prepared to care for it, and everywhere there are groups of believers awaiting the coming of a missionary to more fully instruct them in the Gospel of Christ.

But these Mexican immigrants are also a challenge of danger. They are furnishing a very large proportion of the criminals of the Southwest. In a new and strange atmosphere, and confounding liberty with license, and without any restraint from their former religious experiences, it is but a natural consequence that lawbreaking is excessively frequent among them. In' our border states from fifty to ninety per cent of criminals in the jails and penitentiaries are Mexicans. This is a tremendous challenge to American Christianity,

THE CHALLENGE OF MEXICAN IMMIGRATION

for the evangelization of the Mexican is the only way to prevent their committing crimes. Without the moral restraints of evangelical Christianity the Mexican. in our midst is a menace and a liability. But the Mexican converted and living the Christian life is an asset socially, politically, and economically. Even from the standpoint of patriotism we can do no greater service for our country than to evangelize the Mexican immigrants.

The challenge to evangelize these Mexican immigrants is also the challenge of our duty to future generations. The Mexicans are a prolific race, and in the United States under more hygienic conditions and with ready aid from free clinics, infant mortality is gr~atly TYPICAL MEXICAN EVANGELICAL MINISTERS IN THE SOUTHWEST reduced. So while the average American family has about one and a half children, the Mexican family will have anywhere from five to fifteen children. By evangelizing the Mexicans in the States we make possible the training of the rising generation under Christian influences that will help to perpetuate Ohristian institutions and national ideals.

By evangelizing these Mexican immigrants' we also contribute directly to the evangelization of Mexico itself, for many of them return to their own country for visits or permanently. Does the returning Mexican take back to his own country the influences of the highest Protestant culture, or does he return saturated with the immoral ideals of low movies 1 The question challenges the evangelical churches of America.

Christians north of the border need the same missionary zeal

that inspired one Mexican Christian I know. With his daughter, he drove in a Ford one Sunday to a neighboring construction camp on the railroad where there were a number of Mexicans. There he asked the use of a little church not far from the camp, that he might hold a Mexican service. His request was refused by those who had control of the church because there was a rule that no other denomination could use the building except for funerals. The .Mexican brother was not of that communion and returned to the railroad camp thinking that that church was dead enough to hold its own funeral. Undiscouraged, he enlisted the help of some of the men who cleaned out a freight car, arranged boxes for seats and gathered twenty-five Mexican laborers in to hear the Gospel. When the invitation was given, eleven of the Mexicans made public profession of faith in Christ. When the railroad work was finished and the camp broke up, many of these men went back to Mexico, and during the year that followed, six of the eleven wrote to say that they were attending evangelical churches in Mexico.

The Mexican who has returned from the States is a hero in his village. He has been everywhere and seen everything. He no longer believes the tales he has been told about the Protestants, and even becomes a greater authority than the village priest. One young man told me that he had come to the United States seeking gold, but now that he had found Christ he was going back to give to his people that which was better than money. Most of the Mexicans who accept the Gospel are filled with an apostolic missionary zeal, and send letters, tracts and gospels back to Mexico to win friends to Christ.

There is also a challenge to our evangelical churches to use their influence for the betterment of international relations. Those who have seen Americans and,Mexicans united at the feet of the Saviour of the world, fully understand that the most effective way to improve interracial feelings is through the preaching of the Gospel.

How long will American Christians remain indifferent to this striking challenge of the three million Mexicans in our land ~ rrhey present a harvest field white and ready for the reaping-and a few scattered workers with poor equipment like a tiny hand sickle making pretense of gathering in the sheaves r Wtl should get out the checkbook of missionary zeal, and drawing upon the illimitable funds of faith, purchase great harvesters, man them with adequate forces, and send them forth to reap where seed already sown is bringing forth among the Mexicans, some thirty, some sixty, and some a hundred fold. Suitable tracts in Spanish should be prepared and every worker willing to serve as an unpaid colporteur, in connection with other duties, should be provided with unlimited supplies of tracts, gospels, New Testaments, and Bibles in Spanish. Every Mexican in our land who can read should have an opportunity to study for himself the gospel story of the Christ who died to save the lost.

a Church of God in

BY N. W. TAYLOR, OAXACA, MEXICO T HE morning was bright, the sun shining down from almost a cloudless sky, as we made an early start from home in order to reach our destination before the heat of the day began.

Leaving the train at 'l'lalpan we passed through the village, pick- ing our way through the busy market, for even at this early hour the merchants had their wares spread about the square. In Mexico the law calls for all but provision stores to be closed on Sunday and so the merchants betake them- selves to the streets where they can trade undisturbed. The law is in- tended to protect the employee, not to preserve the Sabbath.

Shortly after leaving the town we entered the lava area. On all sides we could see outcI'oppings of the lava and some distance to one side is an old pyramid about which the molten lava had flowed, rising upwards as though to overwhelm it, but having spent itself, flowed on, leaving a ring around it as an evidellce of its power and volume.

About nine thirty we neared the village of San Andres, with its new church which our congrega- tion is building. There it stood with its white-roofed tower reflect- ing the morning sun, clearly visible gN~1~i>r. ~ ~~6'ERE~1l'~SHAO: DJ~~ for miles around, a silent testi- ~~uR~lkC~Al~!~:Iii'b :JiJ~Dki~ B~0 mony to God. For many years the FOR PICTURE people of this church were, like many other congregations, content t.o go on without making headway. '1'hen came an overwhelming catastrophe which, under the hand of God, "worked together for good." In the revolution the church was destroyed and the people were driven out of the village and scattered far and wide. Returning a few months later they found most of their houses in ruins and the church burned to the ground. Like Nehemiah of old they wept as they looked upon the ruins and were in despair. Then they decided that something must be done and as they planned apparently their vieio!). grew. They were few in number but decided to bllild a church ll7

that would bring glory to God. It must be large enough to accom- modate the increase which they were sure God was going to give. It must be substantially built and fireproof so that . no recurring revolution could destroy it. What an undertaking for a band of twenty to twenty-five Christian Indians! It would cost thousands of pesos and the daily income of most of them is figured in centavos.

They had no outside backing, for not even the mission was asked to help. But God was with them.

The day we visited the church the Sunday-school lesson was on the rebuilding of the temple, and we were told that when they laid the corner stone of their new church, scenes similar to those of Ezra's day accompanied the ceremony.

The young people rejoiced, whilst the· older ones wept. Today the church stands out upon the hillside as a monument to God. Finished ¥ No! But in six years no less than eight thousand pesos ($4,000) have been put into the building materials by these people who have them- selves done the work. When they first discovered how much they must pay for labor, they hired a bricklayer for four days and all the men of the congregation stood around and watched him work. At the end of four days they felt com- petent to continue the work them- selves and so dismissed the man.

A CHURCH OF WHICH ANY COMMUNITY Into the building have gone twenty- five tons of lime and sixteen thou- MIGHT BE PROUD sand brick, all of which had to be carried up the mountain side on mule back. The whole building is constructed of brick and stone and when completed the only wood in it will be for platform, shutters and furniture. With its white-roofed tower this is a building of which any congregation might feel proud. Near the top of the tower have been left some small windows from which at night will shine a white light, to speak to the country-side of "Christ the Light of the world."

At the conclusion of the morning service we went to visit one of the elders who was ill. We had to stoop to enter the door of the adobe hut into which the only light that entered came from holes left under the eaves. 'Vhen our eyes became more accustomed to the darkness we noticed that the walls were unplastered and un- adorned save for several crude plows, which were hung there for safety. On a wooden pallet, wrapped up in several serapes, lay the old

TODAY IN MEXICO

man. His wife sat at his head fanning him to keep away the flies. Very feebly he took our hands and bade us welcome. As we talked about the new church his face lighted up, and although weak in body, yet he showed his strong faith that God will accomplish His purposes through it. He has been the most active worker and the most liberal giver. He might have had as good a house as any in the district but he chose rather to build God's house. As I compared the two the thought came to me, "Without realizing it, he is building a house 'not made with hands, eternal in the heavens.' "

At a recent service nine hundred pesos were pledged by the members, towards the completion of the church. This means real sacrifice on the part of these people.

Pray for the work in Mexico. It is a land of darkness and superstition which can be dispelled only by the Gospel of Christ. As its neighbor, the Christian people of America have a special responsibility towar~s Mexico.

Today in Mexico* BY RE,V. G. B. WINTON, D.l).

Author of "Mexico Today"

M EXICO is one country in which today changes into tomorrow with terrifying swiftness. The constitution of 1917 has orig- . inated more than the usual measure of storm and stress. The effort to codify and enforce that constitution has gone on now during three administrations-those of Carranza, Obregon, and Calles-along with the universal popular upheaval of which it was the symbol and expression. This has profoundly altered the political and economic status of our sister republic and its influence is now reaching out also into the realm of religion.

Touching first the political side-which is of international as well as national significance-.all doubt as to the triumph of those forces which expressed themselves ten years ago, first in armed conflict and later in a new constitution, may as well be finally laid aside. A powerful group in Mexico, few in numbers but wealthy and intelligent, cooperated with equally potent influences in the United States to throw doubt upon the stability of the new order of things-"the revolution" as the Mexicans call it, always in the singular. And it was just that, the rising up of the mass of the Mexican people to assert their right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Many of the leaders were inefficient, many unworthy. The people themselves were and are far from ready for the responsibilities entailed by self-government. It was essentially a revolt of the weak against t.he st.rong. Yet despite all theSe handicaps it has proved to be a • Condensed from The Missicnary Voice.

rising tide which nothing could stop. Calles is loyal to the underlying principles of the revolution and is an able administrator.

As to the economic status-some provisions of the new constitution bear hard on vested capital. rrhey have aroused especially the hostility of the oil men and the large landholders. The Mexican Government has proceeded slowly and cautiously. When a statute covering the difficult demands of the organic law is put into force, through court proceedings with due penalties of law, we may expect other loud complainings from those whose interests are involved.

As concerns the religious question, the constitution of 1917 merely retained and clarified the principles embodied in that of 1857. It demands complete separation of Church and state, including the undivided control by the state of public education. It denies to churches the right to hold property in real estate. It prohibits religious ceremonials on the streets, the wearing of distinctive dress, the existence of religious orders, the ministrations of foreign priests. This last,' and some details as to primary education, are added in the new constitution.

If some of these provisions are drastic it must be recalled that the national disease for which they were meant to be,an antidote was a mortal sickness. Nothing short of heroic measures of just this type could have won the continued existence of anything approaching free institutions in the stern days of Gomez Farias and Benito Juarez. These laws are retained by the patriotic leaders of Mexico for reasons that seem to them absolutely final.

Hitherto missionary work has not been hampered by any of these reform laws. The Mexican governments that have upheld them have taken pains to make it known that they were not hostile to the Christian religion. As a matter of fact, Protestant teachings are so harmonious with liberty and Protestants have been so uniformly patriotic that the recent governments have secretly looked upon them as allies in their battle against reaction and privilege.

Ifow that fifty years of labor have resulted in a vigorous native Church, feeling its way toward a state of autonomy, the bearing of the provisions of the constitution in regard to the work of foreign missionaries and the control of church property is up for discussion and adjustment. Mexican churches and their leaders, both lay and clerical, are not exempt from the prevailing spirit of nationalism. They look forward eagerly to the day when they shall be completely independent. With their worthy desire, their cherished ambition, we can all sympathize. The intelligent missionary, in any country, is ever intent on making himself unnecessary.

The transition period is one which calls for mnch wisdom, and even more for a spirit of entire abnegation. Native churches that would be self-directing must also learn to be self-supporting. No church Call be at QUce ip.dependent ap.d dependent.

the Chinese Think of

Exhibits in the Case for and against China's .Attit1~de BY ARTHUR RUGH, SHANGHAI, CHINA International Y. M. C. A.

I s CHINA becoming anti-Christian~ I think not-but she needs to be shown the value of Christianity and is not very greatly im- pressed with present evidence of the power of the Christian religion to change the life of its professed followers.

If a man opens a new store these days in China he calls it "The New Love-Your-Country store." If religion or anything else is to appeal to China now it must show how it will help to make a nation strong. We may be able to prove that the Bible is inspired and the Christian religion is of superhuman origin .but the Chinese patriot does not see what that has to do with tariff autonomy and the rule of the war lords. Consequently he is not interested. China is not just now interested in the philosophy of religion and its literature.

China longs for national power" as blind men long for light." The Chinese are interested in religion only if it shows effectiveness in producing the conditions of national power. As· the Apostle Paul said to the Corinthians: "I will come and find out not what your talk proves but what your power amounts to, for God's sign does not show itself in talk but in power." China is much inclined to follow this Pauline test of religion.

In the case for or against China as becoming anti-Christian, may I submit some evidence: EXHIBIT A From resolutions adopted by the Seventh Annual Convention of the National Student Union, July, 1925.

Since the unequal treaties were signed, Christianity has absorbed millions of Chinese and Missions Schools are established everywhere. In Mission Schools they compel students to accept Christianity and join the church. 'rheir students are not allowed to participate in patriotic movements. They make the students read the hypocritical creeds of "universal love and social service of Jesus" so as to chloroform their thoughts. The Y. M. C. A. and the church with materialistic welfare induce people to accept Christianity. They smuggle ammunition and help stir up internal trouble in the country. The Y. M. C. A. constantly uses athletics and popular education to do evangelistic work so as to smother the political thoughts of the youth.

Student unions everywhere should continuously inform the public of the evils of the Christian Church and of Christian education. We should also explain to the public the insidious plan for cultural invasion employed by the Imperialists.

201

EXHIBIT B Vote taken by a class in a school in Peking, by J. L. Childs: Yes No 1. Religion has outlived its usefulness and should be given up as harmful to society. …………………… 12 23 2. Communism. will solve the economic problems of the world. ………………………………….. 30 11 3. China will be better off if she cultivates the friendship of Russia rather than of other eastern powers. ….. 14 27 4. Interracial ma.rriages are bad and should be avoided. .. 17 24 5. The people of the white race have the greatest capacity for government of any people in the world. ……. 25 17 6. The Chinese people are more intelligent than the people of other nations. ………………. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 10 EXHIBIT C From 170 replies to the qu.estion of a Peking magazine on how to improv.e the Church.

1. Shatter denominationalism. 2. Put the authority on Chinese shoulders. 3. Let the Church promote industry and found savings institutioDl!. 4. Get rid of capitalism. and class distinctions. 5. Use scientific methods in preaching. 6. In evangelism! teach truth bearing on society and the nation. 7. Cooperate with other agencies in social work. 8. Respect foreign missionaries who come to serve; send the arrogant ones home. 9. Make all religious education and service in mission schools elective and voluntary. 10. The church should oppose unequal treaties.

EXHIBIT D Discussion of the Church in China by a group of Chinese students representing six colleges mostly Christian. Date: July 2, 1925, soon after the Shanghai incident of May 30th.

Question: If you were starting a new church in your community, what would it be like 1 Answer: It would be of Chinese architecture, use Chinese music, have a Chinese orchestra, have a regular church service with a short sermon and more time for meditation. Would have day and night schools and lectures on social and political problems.

Question: If a foreign missionary were available to help you in the church, of what help could he be?

Answer: Alter considerable effort-He could give advice and teach English in the night school. He should not hold any office in the church or try to influence its policy.

Question: If the missionary Board offered $2,000 to the church, how could you use it?

Answer: We could not employ the pastor or any teach"r or worker with it without hurting their influence. We should not build the church with it. We could use it for a school building.

WHAT THE CHINESE THINK OF CHRISTIANITY

EXHIBIT E Questions handed in by a medical student at the close of a meet- ing of students in Mukden.

1. Can a scientific man believe in miracles? 2. Is prayer superstitious Y 3. Are the parts of the Bible outside of Jesus' teachings any different from other good literatUJI'e Y 4. What was your motive in coming to China' 5. Should a Christian student lend his bicycle to a friend who can't ride and would break it Y When these questions were answered he said, "I am satisfied with your answers, but the preacher in our town just says: 'If you believe in Jesus, you will go to heaven and if you don't, you will go to hell,' and I didn't see why my intellectual conclusions should settle my eternal future even if they are wrong."

EXHIBIT F From the record of a Bible class in a government college.

1. Three sessions spent on the Sermon on the Mount ending with the question of turning the other cheek.

2. Class broken up by members who forbid any further teaching in their school of the doctrine of love and forgiveness saying that it is a trick of the missionary who is sent out by his government to teach China to be easy and soft so she can be further exploited. What China needs is the will to fight like Turkey.

3. Class resumes work to study the solution of China's problem by force. After three months' study the conclusion is reached that moral character is at the root of every problem. What will remake characterY Education.-A week spent on that solution and given up as inadequate.

4. Class goes back to the Sermon on the Mount and is on the road to :fj.nding a solution when the event of May 30th breaks up the class and closes the school.

EXHIBIT G Interview with a Shantung missionary just in from a two weeks' itinerating trip.

Question: Did you find much anti-foreign feeling' Answer: None whatever. The greatest friendliness every- ,,·here. The only trouble was too many feasts. Question: Were you welcomed as a foreign preacher ¥ Answer: Everywhere. The mayor of one town stopped us as we passed through his town and asked why we went to other towns and never came to preach to them. Question: Did the people seem excited about unequal treaties and extra-territoriality? Answer: They never mentioned the subjects. As far as I could see their chief interests were the price of rice, the danger of war and whether we would open a school or church in their town.

THE VERDICT The Jury decides that it can not reach a final decision because China has not yet decided whether or no she is anti-Christian.

China wants more evidence on the following points: 1. What is a Christian nation? Is it a nation that talks love and the square deal and then grabs as much as its military force makes it possible to graM 2. What is a Christian Chu,rch? Is it an organization of folks to propagate Occidental beliefs and organizations over the world by the aid of the capitalist and the militaristic governments ~ 3. What is a Christian? Is he a man who believes something which he can't understand and is anxious to get you to do the same, or is he a man who is being changed into a character of loving sacri- ficial service by his experience of Christ and who would gladly share this experience with you ~ China wants evidence on these· three points and then she will de- cide. Not one man in fifty in China knows the answer to these three questions, and we in America do not help them much. We have been having such a hard time financially! There are several families in nearly every state in the Union that do not have a car and there are many families that have only one, so that we have had to withdraw much support for the missionaries and the church in China. So China waits for evidence and is perplexed. You can not blame a lay- man for not knowing whether he' is for or against the Einstein theory if he does not know what it is or where it came from. There is no sense in America being greatly wrought up over China's anti-Chris- tian attitude while the average American Christian spends more in a week for gasoline than he spends in a year to help win China for Christ. Whether China goes anti-Christian or 110t is going to be settled not in China but in the wills and purses of the Christians of America. • The Anti-Christian Movement in China ..

BY DR. C. Y. CHENG, SHANGHAI, CHINA Secretary of the China Home Missionary Society F OR nearly two thousand years the birth of Jesus Christ has been a cause for world-wide rejoicing. Both high and low have welcomed His coming. There is, however, an eternal conflict between right and wrong, light and darkness, good and evil. The advent of Jesus was no exception. His coming was welcomed by many but at the same time He was also hated by the ruling class.

China today has a share in celebrating this universal event. NOT is the commemoration of December 25th each Year confinE;ld ;merely • Outline of article appearing in s!",oial Chlna-for-Chrlst Bu.lletin,

'rHE AN'rl-CHRISTIAN MOV8MENT IN CHINA

to Christian Ileople; many non-Christians are aware of the reason for this celebration.

This year those who oppose Christianity are seeking to deliver a special attack on Christians at the Christmas season. The National Student Union has passed resolutions looking to a special Christmas drive against the Christian religion. In one sense this is unfortu- nate, yet it is quite in keeping with the events of the first Christmas time, when Jesus and His parents were obliged to flee for their lives.

The eternal COllflict is still going on and with ever-increasing intensity.

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO AND Now Twenty-five years ago the Ohristian Ohurch in Ohina was faced by a severe Anti-Ohristian Movement. Many Christians lost their lives for their faith. Those who thus suffered included both Ohinese and foreigners. Our hearts are saddened as we recall the dark days of 1900 and the after effect upon the nation.

At the present time the Anti-Ohristian Movement is spreading all over the country. Ohristianity is charged with all sorts of crimes. l:"-nything it does is regarded as harmful to Ohina's best interests. Many are beginning to hate and to despise us and are determined to put an end to Ohristianity.

There is, however, a great difference between these two attacks. 'fhel former was due largely to ignorance of Ohristianity; the latter is based on some knowledge of it. The Boxer outbreak was led by the conservative and ignorant; the present attack by the educated and intelligent classes.

Opposition to Jesus Ohrist is not new. He was opposed by men of his own time. His own life was taken.

Persecution of Ohristians is not new. The history of the Ohristian Ohurch is full of evidences of such conflict.

Oharges brought forward against the Ohristian religion are not new. Many of the charges today are old and in importation from the West.

Ohristians need not be alarmed or dismayed. Many criticize the moon for its defects but the moon shines still.

While some have had their faith weakened and lost their love as a result of the present anti-Christian propaganda yet in the main this propaganda is a blessing in disguise.

It is delivering many of us from self-complaceny in imagining that we have all that is surest and best while others are heading toward destruction and darkness.

It is purifying much of our thinking. There can be no organiza- Eon in the world, not even organized Ohristianity, that is entirely perfect. Hence the Ohristian Ohurch needed a Luther or a Wesley to effect a reformation. The present Anti-Ohristian Movement may be an instrument in the hand of God for the correction of His children.

It is helping us seek the true picture of Jesus Christ in place of one which may have been distorted and defaced by traditions, rituals, dogmatic statements, etc.

CONCENTRATED ATTAOK AND How TO MEET IT The Anti-Christian Movement is not an organization but a movement. It has no one at its head and no organization to direct its work. Its attack on Christianity, therefore, is varied and some- what confusing. Of late it is becoming more definite, concrete and concentrated. Christian education seems to be the central point of attack and Christmas the appointed time.

The attack so far is of an intellectual character, but when the ignorant masses join hands with the educated there is no telling what may happen. Christians are called forth to watch and pray for spir- itual preparedness so as to enable us to stand firm no matter what eventuality overtakes us.

There are at least three classes of people in the Anti-Christian Movement. They need to be met in three different ways. There are those who are prejudiced, who oppose anything Christians do, whether it is good, bad or indifferent. Such persons should simply be ignored. Argument with them can serve no good purpose.

There are those who are misinformed. Many oppose Chris- tianity because of misunderstanding, such as Christianity's seeming connection with foreign political aggression. To such people an ex- planation of the true facts should be patiently given.

There are those who are seeking after truth. Such persons have often laid their finger on the weak spots of the Christian religion. To these friends we should be grateful for helping the Church to turn over a new leaf.

It is not enough to know how to meet the opposition. We must be true to our religious convictions. To a Christian his religion is a matter of life and death importance.

Have faith in God. Christianity is founded on a rock. No 'antireligious storm, however strong, can shake it.

Be true to Christ. Do not desert Him as did His disciples of old at a time when they were needed.

Show forth the spirit of Christ in meeting the opposing foe. Let us strengthen our spiritual life and let the world know how courageous we Christians are. The anti-Christians are active for a destructive purpose; Christians likewise should be active but for a constructive program.

Polycarp, the second-century saint and martyr, before he laid down his life for the sake of his belief, said, "I have served Jesus all these years and He has done me no wrong. I cannot desert Him now."

A distinction should be made between Christianity and Christ i

PROTE8TANT MISSIONS AS SEEN BY A TURK

between the teachings of Jesus and the theology of the Church; between the Head of the religion and its members. It is hardly possible for Christianity to free itself entirely from organization and tradition, but if the spiritual nature of Christianity is always kept as the matter of first importance, its future is exceedingly hopeful.

Christianity is congenial to the people of the Orient; even more so than to the people of the West. Surely it should no longer be regarded as foreign. Jesus has done us no wrong. We must stand by Him to the very last.

SUCCESS IN FAILURE The writer of the Epistle to the Hebrews, in summing up the daring deeds of God's faithful ones in history, pictured the success of their faith in two ways, namely, success in victory and success in defeat. (Success in victory, Hebrews 11: 33-35, Success in defeat, Hebrews 11: 35-38). Yet he regarded both as success. It is the success of the spirit. What is needed today is also this spiritual success.

Jesus said that if He were lifted up he would draw aU men unto Himself. Nearly two thousand years have passed and we have not yet seen the fulfihnent of these words. Why is this 1 Either He is unable to draw or He has not been lifted up. The Church has been busy most of the time. It is very much to be feared that many other things have been lifted up rather than Jesus.

, Jesus is still challenging His people today. China at the present time resembles a house that is tumbling down. It requires that all its citizens should come and lend a helping hand to save the nation from destruction. All are to help, We Christians offer Jesus Christ as our best contribution to the nation's salvation. We must stand firm in the most important and glorious task and see to its successful issue.

Protestant Missions as Seen by a Turk· The following is a translation of portions of an unsigned article of striking interest that recently appeared in the Turkish daily, "DjumhOttriet," of Constantinople.

W E HAVE from the first been suspicious of this benevolent, religious, charitable, rich Christian Society that with such boldness stretches out its hands to the Turks. We are much afraid that while they may give us. one, they will take five from us. rt is more than sixty years since this Society has been establishing, in Constantinople, in Roumeli Hissar and Arnaoutkeuy, and in some of the Anatolian vilayets, branches, each under the name of a school. But since the time and circumstances were not very favorable to a • From The MM8wna.r:JI Hera.l4, Boston (December),

propaganda, their energies, especially among Moslem Turks, were very limited. But now, taking advantage of the opportunity given by the freedom resulting from the separation of religion and govern- ment, these zealous Protestants, like marauders, who make away with goods under cover of a tumult, have got the better of us, and are clinging on like crabs.

First they get people to love them, and then they make them novices in their order. Their schools are each a tekyej there the great needs of Jesus (Hazret-i-Isa) are sung. The persuasive abilities of the members of this Society, both men and women, are so great that, like ants caught in a spider's web, people cannot again be rescued from their hands. The greatest secret of their success is love.

The Protestant Young Christians begin with example and lead up to rule; they go from the concrete to the abstract; and this sort of propaganda is much more fatal. They do not proclaim the principles of Protestantism-nay, they do not even talk about religion; but by their attitude, their actions, their manners, by the compassion they show to animals, by the help they give to the poor, by loving what is good, by mercy to the unfortunate, they try to show the loftiness of their religion. The number of innocent Turkish children eaptured by these charms is constantly increasing, and these children are becoming each an American Protestant-nay more, not only a Protestant, but a missionary.

A religious festival, when it assumes the character of a soiree, pleases everybody. Every year they celebrate the Christmas festival in their schools in such an attractive way, that we have witnessed in Shishli, in some well-known families with which we are well acquainted, a celebration of Christmas in the same way and with the same religious rites as it is celebrated by Christians. Nor is it only in Constantinople. We have heard one of the teachers tell about the Christmas festival as observed in the Brousa American School which has been quietly operating there for thirty or forty years past; and our heart was cut to pieces (parcha parcha oldou). 'rhe celebration described took place two years ago; and doubtless it has been going· on thus year by year from the beginlling.

In the Brousa American School, which has not a single foreign student in it, the Christmas celebration is carried on for the Turkish children. Yet nothing is said about religion-oh, no!

We must awake from our sleep, and we must tell these self-invited guests of ours to desist from this ill-considered ambition of theirs. We are much impressed by the news that they are going to open libraries in ,Anatolia, and start clubs; and it is reported that they are going to send to their own institutions in America ten young Turks. We are afraid they are thus going to hit us with our own weapons. A little sagacity! A little caution!

@ @ ~."w…B.,"E_.S<TNtiM~E'"T"Hb"O..,D-"S,,"'* '

EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 721 MUHLENBURG BLDG., PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Shall the Church take intD aCCDunt the EvanstDn Student CDnference in planning its methDds 'Of wDrk Y In 'Our satisfactiDn with an unchanging message, shall we 'Overlook the necessity fDr frequent changes in. methDd?

The interpretatiDns 'Of the Evanston CDnference, as Vlewed frDm the flDDr, the gallery and the platform, are filled with suggestiDns as t'O methDds 'Of WDrk, the value 'Of which will be apparent tD thDse WhD read wisely.

A secDnd reading 'Of the practical methDds in the February REVIEW will be suggestive tD leaders. They were written befDre the EvanstDn c'Onference and withDut any reference tD it but in the light 'Of its discussiDns and findings they have new meaning.

SOME STUDENT REAOTIONS the place in sDciety which it is de- manding. AGNES SAILER, The knDwledge 'Of what my 'Own student generatiDn is thinking and (Vassar College, 1926).

feeling was the greatest thing I * ' ' ' "

brDught hDme frDm EvanstDn. I was The value 'Of the Evanston con- profDundly impressed with the energy ference t'O the Church and the world of my fellDw-students in their demand will manifest itself, not tDday nor fDr pDwer and expressiDn. I was alsD tDmorrDW in whirlwind enthusiasm impressed with their lack 'Of kn'Owl- fr'Om the students, but will be seen edge as tD the meaning 'Of religiDn thrDugh a periDd 'Of many years. At and the Church, their lack 'Of CDn- the cDnference the students saw the victiDn 'On religiDus questiDns and pDssibility 'Of having a mDre effective their lack 'Of infDrmatiDn 'On SDcial KingdDm-building Church. They saw issues. The gathering presented, tD 'OPpDrtunities 'Of service within the my mind, a tremendDus challenge tD Church and shDwed little of the spirit the Church to interpret and demDn- 'Of remDving themselves from it.

strate Christianity in terms that shall Out 'Of that cDnference, which rep- appeal tD students. It challenged the resented the spirit 'Of the church-gDing Church tD set abDut rectifying its YDuth of the CDuntry, there came the glaring defects, mDst 'Of all th'Ose aris- dynamic urge fDr unity upDn which ing frDm the disunity 'Of denDmi- a real interdenDminatiDnalism can be natiDnalism, if it would h'Old the built. There came, alsD, a feeling 'Of SuppDrt 'Of its yDunger members. It high regard fDr the Orientals in their certainly challenged the students tD native lands. YDuth, bDth fDreign and unceasing effDrt in self-educatiDn and American, sees the danger 'Of taking scientific study as a necessary pre- the trappings 'Of Western civilizatiDn requisite to their determining the as a part 'Of the missionary enterprise.

value and pDssibilities 'Of the Church, TD the individual student it meant and the relatiDn it shDuld have tD the turning pDint tDward different sDcial mDvements. It 'Opened up fields lines 'Of thDUght, a new emphasis in fDr endless research and it shDwed the reading material, and an interest in fearful danger in mere "yDung the Church as it deals with the perti- blDDd" which has not fitted itself fDr nent prDblems befDre it. The student 209 4

became more than ever convinced that societies in one organization; (3) the Church cannot longer be com- students would like to see missionary placent in a world which is struggling activities dissociated from Western to solve the vital social questions civilization and used as an inter- which confront it. change of Christian ideas between the CECIL HEADRICK, home and foreign "fields. .

(Southwestern College, Winfield, Kansas). The significance for the world lies.

'" " " in the fact that the students accepted The hopeful side of the conference the Church as the social conscience consisted in this, that students not and a crusader who should right all limited by strong denominationalism, social wrongs. DOROTHY DYAR, and believing in an open and frank (Union Theological Seminary, New evolution of the Church, are seeking York).

to aid the Church to find the Christ- I< " …

way solution to the complex problems The mere fact that such an interof today. The dangerous side of the denominational conference could occonference consisted in the fact that cur must win for it a significant place students, with a woeful lack of factual in the history of a social program of knowledge of the history, the pu.rpose, . church cooperation. and the problems of the Church, de- A second genuine contribution was sire to create church unity in outward the reemphasis on the effectiveness of organization before the Church is the educational approach to the great unified in spirit and fellowship and to problems which vex our society today. bring about reforms by resolutions The high point of this conference was and legislation before the individuals found, not in its inspirational in that group are converted disciples speeches nor its beautiful resolutions, but in the determination of those who of Jesus Christ. attended to investigate conscientious- ARTHUR JOHNSON, (President of the Lutheran Stndents As· ly the facts of the questions which sociation of America). perplex us and to bring their findings to the attention of their campuses. '* II< '* The significant things for the stu- Those who attended came to realize dent appeared in the facts that (1) that a :few hundred students meeting they found themselves conservative in over a brief period could, after all, comparison to many of their elders; focus only a comparatively small force (2) they failed to face up to the func- on our social ills. Their agreement tion of the Church, insisting only as to a cooperative, systematic, educaupon action in the fields of war, race tional program through the young and industry; and (3) they found people's division of our churches, their most pressing needs to be tapped a great new reservoir of power knowledge of the facts and experi- in affecting public opinion. On immentation in Christian living. portant subjects it may soon be pos- The significant things for the sible to present a uniform program Church lay in the following: (1) It simultaneously before all the student has not successfully brought its at- groups in America! It is to the task tempts, hopes and activities to the of making such cooperative work attention 01 the students; (2) students possible that the Continuation Comare impatient with denominationalism mittee of the conference is dedicated. and a creedal basis of church member- This group deserves the earnest ship but they insist upon the unique prayers of every thoughtful Chrispersonality of Christ as the center of tian. Protestant union and as the leader- RALPH F. BARTON, (University of Missouri).

ship for solution of individual and '" * * social problems. They are willing to The Interdenominational Student forward church 'Unity by attempting Conference has passed but those who to unite all Christian young people's actively participated in its creative

J926] BEST METHODS

thinking or were in sympathy with criticisms of organized Christianity its spirit feel that something unique in the West and of its missionary came into being and that a spirit was activities throughout the non-christian there which will not die until it has world. Some of these indictments are reached the farthest corners of the vague and unfair, but others hit at earth. the very heart of real weakness and For the first time in the history of bring into question the validity of America Christian students, under Christianity's missionary objective.

their own leaders, came together as The rising generation of church mem~ a group to discuss problems peculiar bers is now demanding that we con- to itself. To students the conference fess and correct every wrong aim, was of value, because it gave that practice, and attitude in our mis- group a consciousness of reaching out sionary programs. Otherwise they into untried fields, of pioneering along cannot, and will not, commit them- rugged ways, and of plunging into selves with enthusiasm to the mis- new depths. sionary cause.

Who can estimate all that the in- How fatal it if. then to try to fluence of this conference will mean educate college students on missions to the Church and to the world? An before we allow ourselves to be earnest group of young men and educated by them on what foreign women have 'been challenged to see students-frequently non-christian the Church anew-in the light of a foreign students-are saying, and on youth movement which is trying to what our own students are thinking bring in a new social order. and saying in reply. They may not There is always the danger that know or appreciate the facts of mis- these students will lose their spirit sions or the tremendous contributions of youth and become bound down by and many commendable features of abstract theories, words, and resolu- present-day missions. Some of their tions. Progress will be made, how- demands for reform may be impracti- ever, as long as students are cable or may be nothing more than experimenting with Jesus' way of life what missionary and native church !ind thus strive to bring in the King- leaders have been struggling to realize dom of God. A. ANN SILVER, for some time. Nevertheless, they .. .. .. (Willamctte University, Salem, Oregon). represent the ideas of the coming generation of Christian church mem- WHAT NON-STUDENT DELEGATES bers and unless we present missions SAW AT EVANSTON so as to enlist their intelligent under- standing and cooperation now, the Those who are planning to present Christian enterprise, both at home and missions to college students from now 'abroad, will soon be paying the cost.

on would better read the Commission The Evanston delegates were not Report and Findings on this subject iconoclasts. While they revealed a emanating from the Evanston Con- restless passion for a fellowship with- ference. You will not find there many in the Church of believers more truly facts for the substance of your mes- committed to Jesus' way of life, as a sage, but you will get a very true matter of fact, they were not as understanding of what Christian stu- sweeping in their criticisms of the dents within the Church are thinking generally accepted interpretations of with reference to the methods and missions as I had expected or hoped.

objectives of Christian missions. How- While the missionary addresses were ever you may account for it, the on- disappointing, the Commission Report coming generation sincerely questions on missions was appreciative, forward the validity and future continuance of looking and in my judgment the finest foreign missions as now conducted. product of the conference. It con- They have been hearing all sorts of tained nothing, however, which better

educated volunteers have not known against the Church and missions, but and said ever since the Indianapolis whenever it seemed that steam was Convention. Fortunately, the new up in the boiler and something couraeducational processes within the Vol- geous was about to be done, some one unteer Movement and the recent arose and either suggested another political developments in China, ac- subject for discussion, so averting a companied by radical changes in mis- blow-up, or opened the safety exhaust sionary policies, have increased the by a perfectly harmless appeal for number of students who will be satis- continued loyalty to the Church as is. fied with nothing less than the most modern interpretations of missions, To the degree that the conference and by this I mean such interpreta- lacked positive spiritual conviction it tions as the indigenous Christian also lacked spiritual unity. On only leaders of so-called mission lands and one or two occasions did it manifest the more sympathetic and prophetic the power of united and sustained missionaries there heartily endorse. thinking. The passion of Paul to share Christ in an individual and At no point in the conference were mystic way found expression in more the majority of student delegates impersonal objective and humanienthusiastic about missions. The tarian concerns. In only one address reason may be traced, I believe, to was it suggested that the solution of their general ignorance of what mis- great economic and social problems sions have accomplished and more might call for courageous facing of especially to the absence of intel- individual problems first and for inlectual conviction of what Christ can dividual economic and social sacrifice mean, both to the individual and to to the point of the Cross. This tendthe world. The Jesus of William ency to look out, never in, to objectify Carey is not the Jesus of this student all their problems, and to limit thinkgeneration. As Dr. Albert Parker ing and proposed action to such Fitch pointed out in his summaries manners as can reasonably be atof the discussions again and again, tempted through the Church, con- "you do not know what you believe," stituted the chief weakness of the The essentials of the Christian faith, conference. the central and unique elements of MILTON STAUFFER, the Christian Gospel, the form and substance of religious experience, in- (Educational Secretary of the Student dividual and social, were either so Volunteer Movement for Foreign Mis· vague as to have little meaning for sions) . these students or so detached from personal experience as to possess little In my opinion the Evanston Conif any motivating power. It was the ference was very significant to the Church, not themselves, and not the students who were there, to the spiritual needs of the world that these Church, if it will answer their chalstudents met to consider. As a result lenge, and to the mission boards if the conference registered an intel- they will examine the report prepared lectual commitment to missions but by these students. not an enthusiastic personal commitment. That one thousand of our college youth gave up a half of their Christ- I must not be misunderstood at this mas vacation in order to evaluate the Church as the agency for bringing in point. The conference delegates never a new world order, was in itself a considered for a moment scrapping demonstration of no small significance. the missionary program of the Church Great earnestness and fearlessness any more than they were willing to characterized their wrestIings with scrap the Church itself. There were these problems. Discussions followed criticisms galore and innumberable platform presentations and occupied flashes of just and unjust indictments half the time. These were always

BEST METHODS

'lpirited and eager. Often a dozen or bent on knowing the truth about the twenty students were on their feet at Church and their duty. one time clamoring for the privileges of the fioor. Every point of view was C. G. HOUNSHELL, represented. (Secretary Board of Mlissions, Methodist The opening session was full of Episcopal Church, South). radical and challenging opinions, but the second and third days brought • *' *' out conservative and loyal expression from the body of this large group. Fi.rst and last and throughout the There was no doubt that the Church sessions, a sincere gratitude for such was the chosen agency in the minds a group. Fearless, honest, seeking of these students to do the work for but one goal, the Jesus Way of Life, bringing in the Kingdom of God. But they revealed a deep reverence and only a united Church could do it! earnestness of search in their devo- tional expression which have some- Their vision for the goal was clean times been dishearteningly absent in and logical, but they realized that the assemblies of their elders. they had little experience or reputation to effect a change from denomina- Secondly, an amazement at their tionalism to. organize unity. How- conservatism. One expected an iconoever, they felt they could make a start clastic outburst. One witnessed a fairwith the young people's organizations minded appraisal of what has been of and so voted that they immediately value in the development of the unite and promote a program which Church, and a determination to build would give them facts and experience on that foundation. The conviction both of which they recognized as be- grew. Not only is the future of the ing inadequate. Church safe in their hands but the past is also secure in their keeping. The Church is very blind if sbe does not follow this conference by a well Thirdly, a wistful seeking for an planned effort to see that the students institution through which to work out get hold of the facts and surveys .Jesus' teachings-individually, sowhich they desire and also the op- cially, nationally and internationally. portunity to "learn by doing, " which These students see the forces of evil might involve having a place in the united. They are convinced that a councils of the Church. Youth at divided Church cannot cope with this Evanston asks, " Is there any real united impact. Denominationalism reason why the Church should be a which is cooperative, which seeks only middle-aged institution run by the to bring its peculiar gifts to the en- richment of the whole, may hold the middle aged for the middle aged?" loyalty of this group for a period of How will the Church answer youth? transition to unity. But divisive, It would be disastrous to foster competitive denominationalism is prejudice, segregation and distrust be- anathema to them. Nothing but a tween youth and age within the united Church can channel their Church when the Church is the one sincere, burning passion to apply organization which can unite all of Christ to the needs of the world. life within its fold. "Mistakes ~ " Yes, there were mis- MRS. D. J. FLEMING, takes. But when was youth-or maturity either for that matter- (Representative of the Federation of ever wholly wise? They acknowl- Women's Boards of Foreign Missions edged and one clearly recognized the of North America). superficiality of much of their think- ing, due to their scattered and often *** misguided minds. They themselves emphasized their need of disciplined The most interesting student con- intelligence. One's optimism is based ference that I have ever seen. It was on the confidence that they will deall life. It was composed of a very velop an intellectual conscience equal fine body of students who seem to be

to their undeniable moral conscience. world when we have a divided Without their idealism and strong Church' How can we perpetuate young life the Church is doomed to provincial church groupings and ex- failure. They offer fresh eyes; an pect to achieve the brotherhood of open mind; and a passionate desire men? With the clarity of vision of to follow Jesus regardless of the those unafraid to assume that Christ cost. meant what He said, and to stake For want of these characteristics, their lives upon it, they call for a certain sections of the Church are united Church in deed and in action.

today perishing. For this young Christ could not tolerate war or any- generation, under God's guidance, thing that might lead to it. They one has no fears. For those in the have courage enough to decla,re their Church, so blind as to shut them out, agreement. Industrial relationships one's heart is sick with apprehension. continually flaunt themselves before MRS. CHARLES K. ROYS, an ineffective Church. These students (Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of are prepared to help the churches to Foreign Missions). bring the spiritual power of God into new helpfulness. *** It would be too tragic if the high Who shall know with wllat high vision of Evanston should be allowed hearts came youth to Evanston in the to die in student hearts. May there closing days. of the old year? No one be a greater readiness on the part of in the gallery who ever stands with age to give youth its share in the great ,reverent soul in the presence of God '8 adventure. Why force them to go it manifestations, could fail to bow as alone-or to travel in just the way be heard the voice of another genera- officials do , Would that the doors tion trying to utter its faith in su- of our churches, and our offices, and preme idealism. most of all our hearts, might be swung wide to allow this band with its new These students do not use the awareness of its ideals to inject fresh phrase that dominated the thinking life in worn channels. Take them inof the older groups in other days. to the reverend councils. Give them Not once did one hear of "the evan- tasks that will demand their utmost. gelization of the world in this genera- Satisfy their longing not only for tion. " But they are all on fire to more knowledge but for a real share make Jesus' way of life completely in the task. They would like to paint effective in modern society. There is for you the picture of the Christ they no less of real religious purpose, see and the God they love but it may whether mystical or practical or a be in colors that shock middle-aged combination of the two. They are sensibilities. not so much talking about saving souls as they are struggling to ex- If the sacred places of the Church press the conviction that those who are covered with the dust of long bear the name should really live the decayed ideas, let these eager students life. This is not quite the emphasis bring the wind of their high ideals of the social gospel, ably interpreted and see whether the appearance of by Dr. Rauschenbusch, but more the sanctity may be improved. Let us living contact of Jesus in the lives not force a man-made mold on youth. and affairs of men. This involves less Catch the contagion of its enthusiasm dogma in the Church and more loyalty for Christ '8 ideals and let them use to Jesus. new tools if they will in building the Church and in making the world the To the students, secta.rian dif- Kingdom of God. ferences, denominational lines, petty jealousies and rivalries between LESLIE B. Moss, church bodies, distrust and sllspicion, are all unworthy the spirit of the (Associate Secretary Foreign ]I.{issions Conference of North America). Christ. How can we hope for a united

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUtNLAN, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK MILLSTONES posture is retained quite steadily from (Continued from February issue) twelve to fifteen hours a day, six or seven days a week, for three to six Fann Work weeks, depending on the acreage worked." A survey of the sugar beet fields of Colorado, Nebraska, Michigan, No part of the United States seems Kansas and Wisconsin showed hun- to be without child workers. In three dreds of children at work for long valleys of Washington and Oregon, hours, at thinning, topping, hoeing fruit and hops claim 1803 children and weeding. In one valley there under sixteen. The work is not very were 955 working children under six- hard, but the hours are long-ten teen, 303 of them from five to nine ho111's or more a day for many of years of age. (These were some of them. In one valley the children, who the children under ten, not counted in live there the year around, did not the census.) In another state there lose much school, for school ter:r:ls were 1,358 chIldren from five to SIX- were adjusted to the harvest. ChIlteen at this work. dren in the other two valleys, how- ever suffered a serious loss because Imagine any six-year-old whom you of the change in school terms and know working twelve hours a day. because of their migrations. That is what happens in the beet waCnadleifroinrgnia~hitoldor, enhas(vathrioouussalnydsestoi-f fields. The survey showed that some mated from 5,000 to 20,000), many go· of them averaged even thirteen or ing from crop to crop for nine months fourteen hours while one such baby of the year.. One eleven-year-old boy worked a fifteen-hour day for twenty- said that he had picked "grapefruit, four days. Some children even grapes, oranges, lemons, figs and younger and hundreds just a little olives" and was then "in cotton." older were doing the same kind of work. Besides these crops, work is done in prunes, hops, rice, apricots, almonds, It is done out-of-doors, but never- peaches, beans, rhubarb, potatoes, .theless many of the conditions of cherries, peas, asparagus, tomatoes, work have ~ bad effect on tbe chil- pears, apples, citrus, walnuts and dren. These a.re particularly pressure of work, hours, postures, physical beets. hazards and weather conditions. One "What is the matter?" inquired a little boy described the position for thinning and weeding as "jes' like visitor who saw a sleeping lad moving a dog." An official report says: "All his hands ceaselessly across the sheet, the weight .of the fore part of the body picking at it. The boy's mother anrests on the wrists and palms of the swered, "He does that sometimes hands. We saw wrists that were swol- when he's asleep. He thinks he is len and lame, hands that were sore, picking prunes. " cracked and full of dirt, and knees that were sore, cracked and calloused. Too Much "Vacation"

The face is necessarily very close to Families move from crop to crop the ground, and in many instances by every sort of conveyance. They becomes badlv burned about the fore- may camp in a wagon, in a tent, in head and eyes from the heat and light one of the numerous auto camps, or reflected from the ground. . " One in a truck-their only home, perhaps, thing must not be lost sight or-this for nine months of the year. How can 2Hi

these children ever get to school? The Des Moines, a survey showed that State of California is trying to help 837'0 of the boys had two living parthe situation by a new school law, but ents, and in some cases the parents did it is difficult. Schools have "crop Dot even know the boy was selling. vacation. " The school year may b~­ Reports from surveys of street trades gin on August first and five weeks in Boston, Philadelphia, Cincinnati, later be closed for prune picking. In Mobile, Toledo, St. Louis, Chicago, grape districts the closing will come Des Moines and Dallas reveal cona few weeks later. Consequently, as ditions of bad health, gambling, lack families move from crop to crop, the of schooling, thievery, juvenile dechildren go from vacation to vacation. linquency, crooked spines from heavy Sometimes when there is a school in loads, chronic over-fatigue from long session the children are not very wel- hours. A study of one city showed come. Imagine twenty to seventy that these boys, with their late and children of all ages, most of them re- long hours, had three times as much tarded in their studies, suddenly heart trouble as other boys, twice as dumped into a smoothly running much throat trouble, more than twice school, to stay a few weeks and then as much flat foot, and more of other move on. physical defects.

In Virginia we find children work- Not only physically, but morally ing on truck farms. They are em- street trades seem to be dangerous. ployed chiefly in harvesting but som~ In one city there were twenty-three help in preparation of the soil, plant- men employing boys in street trades. ing and cultivating. A twelve-year- Thirteen of these men had extensive old whose day was typical for thesr. criminal records. Statistics show that children plowed ten hours-from a large per cent of children in reform seven to noon, from one to six. One schools come from street trades. For quarter OIf the children who were instance, in forty-six reformatories of harvesting strawberries, beans and New York and Pennsylvania this peas were under ten years of age. amounted to anywhere from 63~1r, to Four fiftbs of them were under four- 777'0 of the inmates. teen. A quarter of the children missed over half of the school term. What 01' It?

Truck farms and small fruit keep These are a few of the facts of the children busy in Maryland, Pennsyl- way American children are working, vania, Delaware and New Jersey, too. not in one state or one section, but Most of them work ten hours or more throughout the United States. Over a day. The United States Children's a million children from ten to fifteen Bureau has studied similar work in years old are engaged in gainful oc- North Dakota, Michigan and else- cupations, plus many under ten, and where-finding much the same con- others who were not counted in the dition everywhere. census. Why do we allow this to go on7 Street Trades Children's Code CommissioIL~, No one knows how many children school laws, mothers' pensions, regaare working at street trades in the lation of work in local communities, United States-not the boys who own state child labor laws, a national child their own paper routes, but the wan- labor law-all have been suggested dering youngsters you can see on as helps in freeing the children from many city streets until late in the today's bondage of toil. Do you know night-bootblacks, newsboys, messen- the laws of your own State relatin6' ger boys, beggars, sellers of chewing to child labor' The Children's B11reau gum, pencils and so on. A newsboy is of the United States Department of proverbially supporting a widowed Labor, Washington, D. C. will send mother, but investigations reveal that this information on request. this is not true in many cases. In

WOMAN '8 HOME MISSION BULLETIN

We can find the facts, study pro- mean working for better child labor posed remedies, and help to put prae- or school attendance laws and adetical measures in operation. Facts quate provision for their enforcement. may be secured from loeal officials, It may involve the establishment of a and from state departments of labor, education and health, as well as from system of State aid for dependent the Children's Bureau at Washing- children to make it possible for them ton. to stay in school. It is likely to re- "There are no labor problems quire careful scrutiny of various canhere," said a group of women in a didates for election. And whatever small town. Whereupon one woman else we do, we can let other people proceeded to find out how true that know the facts and we can help creat.e statement was–and from week to the public opinion that will aboli<ili week surprising facts which she dis- child labor from the United States. covered appeared in church calendars and other places. Would people be Occupations of Children, 1920 CeJUlUIJ surprised to know that in your community there are-boys and girls em- Children Children ployed ~ Are they in occupations 10-15 10-13 which offer advancement or in "blind ye3.rs of age, years of age. alley" jobs f At what age do the chil- inclusive inclusive dren leave school? At what school grade T Must they have certificates to Agriculture, forestry, go to work? Do they have health ex- and animal hus· aminations Y What kind of citizens are you send- bandry ……… . 647,30'9 328,958 ing to other states? What kind are Extraction of minerthey sending to you 1 A set of stand- als . _.. _…… __ . 7,191 ards carefully worked out by people 647 who have been stUdying the needs of children has been published by the Manufacturing an d United States Children '8 Bureau. mechanical indus- Some of these are: tries ………. . 185,337 9,473 At least nine months of school attendance annually for children from seven to six· Transportation …. _ 18,912 1,899 teen. Trade ………… . 63,368 17,213 Age minimum of sixteen except for certain occupations in vacation periods. Public Service (not Prohibition of employment of minors in elsewhere classi- dangerous, unhelllthful or hazardous oc· cupations, or at work which will retard fied) ……….. . 1,130 153 their proper physical and moral develop· ment. Professional service. 3,465 621 Physical examination showing a child to be Domestic and per- of normal development and physically fit for the work at which he is to be em- sonal service ….. 54,00'6 12,172 ployed. Clerical occupations. 80',140' 6,927 Minors not to be employed over eight honrs a day or forty-four hours a week. Total ……… 1,0'60,858 378,0'63 No night work for minors. Prevalence of Child Labor, 1920 Census Cblldren 10 to 15 years of age in- clusive. engae::ed in Divisions of United States gainful occuoa.tions New England ……….. 59,239 Middle Atlantic ……… 131,541 East North Central ….. l()D,8D1 West North Central …. _ 57,90'6 South Atlantic ………. 273,981 East South Centl·al ….•. 221,342 West South Central …… 184,267 Mountain . _…… ___ . _. . 15,612 Pacific … _. __ . . . . . . . . . . 16,169 .A'sk the Children's Bureau to send United States …… _. . . . 1,0'60',858 you the whole set of Minimum Stand- Wh..t Will You Do About It?

ards for Children Entering Employ- "The children pass through the period of childhood but once, and ment and compare conditions in your their needs cannot be met with ten years hence. Next year it will be anlocality with these standards. . other group of children. There is an immediacy about a child welfare pro- It will not make much difference gram that exists with reference to no to the children that we know facts: otber. "-Grace Abbott.

unless we do something. This may EDITED BY MISS ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 25 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY A TRADITION TO BE ESTAB- profit of about $4 a month in respect LISHED of each child. These children are fre- Compiled from Many Sources by quently most miserably housed and fed. They receive no money and JEAN GRIGSBY PAXTON When the history of the Christian their conditions of life are practically Church in China is written one of the those of slavery." most significant and dramatic chapters will undoubtedly be that which , 'Cotton Mills. Young children, describes the industrial situation and who are supposed to be working, but the way in which the Church, in the who have been overcome by fatigue beginning of its history as a national or who have taken advantage of the body, set itself to change these con- absence of adequate supervision, lie ditions. In sober earnest this young asleep in every corner, some in the Church faced the facts, disheartening open, others hidden in baskets under as they wer,e, recognized its responsi- a covering of raw cotton. The disbility for changing conditions and set cipline appears to be lax, and those in to work steadily and patiently but charge seem to wink at much that with high courage upon the task. goes on in this respect. The Commis- sion noticed that on its advent a And this task was no small one. warning whistle was given and many An adequate description of the in- of the children were awakened by dustrial world of China in the year their immediate neighbours and hur- 1922, or 1926 for that matter, can not ried back to the machines. The conbe given here. The one really official tract system of employment above dedocument on the subject ever pub- scribed is common.

lished, dealing however with only one "Silk Filatures. Nearly all the em- phase, that of child labor in the Inter- ployees in the silk filatures are women national Settlement of Shanghai, has and young girls. Generally speaking, been called hy a seasoned observer of one child is employed for every two labor conditions, the most melancholy adults. The children brush the cosocial document of history. The fol- coons and prepare them for the lowing brief ",,-uotations will serve to reelers by removing the waste and' so show why this ,report makes melan- exposing the silk thread. This opercholy reading: ation is performed over basins con- taining nearly boiling water with "The average earnings of a young which the fingers of the children frechild are unusually not more than quently and necessarily come in contwenty silver cents a day. The con- tact, thereby becoming roughened and tract system of employment is com- unsightly. mon. Under this system the native contractor supplies the requisite "Match Factories. Certain operalabour and is paid on production.

This system is obviously open to tions, such as boxing the matches and grave abuse. The Commission heard making up parcels of boxes, can be evidence to the effect that in some in- and are performed by quite young stances contractors obtain young chil- children. As little as nine copper dren from the country districts, pay- cents is sometimes paid to a child for ing the parents $2 a month for the a day's work. Members of the Com- services of each child. By employing mission visited one factory of consid- such children in the mills and fac- crable size. Young children, 8er- tories the contractor is aole to make a tainly not more than five years of 218 age, were to be seen working with al- parts of China, and of the slow formost incredible rapidity." mation of the public opinion which will have to be created before these Set side by side with the above par- can be changed. The Chinese people like concrete and practical things. agraphs one from another report, this On the other hand, their social unit for thousands of years has been the time a published trade report: family, not the community, and this has formed a deep racial instinct not , 'The profits of the fac- to 'interfere' in matters of public concern. The awakening of the social tory again surpassed $1,000,000. For conscience in this country will thus have both its helps and its handicaps. the past two years it has been running night and day, with scarcely any "In spite of a century or so of sointermission. The working hours are cial reform in the West, we who are from 5: 30 a. m., to 5: 30 p. m. and foreign also bring certain handicaps to this situation in China. It is not from 5: 30 p. m. to 5: 30 a. m. re- always clear how far the Church pectively. No meals are supplied by should consider its responsibility in the factory. It will be seen that the economic or political issues to extend. company is in an exceptionally favor- There is also no established tradition on the part of the mission boards for able position. With the raw product sending experienced social workers to at their doors, an abundant and ab- the Orient on the same scale as those surdly cheap labor supply to draw on, sent for education, medicine and evanand no vexatious factory laws to ob- gelism. To help to change this tradiserve, it is not surprising that their tion is one of the most fascinating problems of the Industrial Commitannual profits. should have exceeded tee of the National Christian Council their total capital on at least three for China. occasions. " "While this educational process To change such conditions was the goes on in many cities and schools throughout China, one special issue job the Church set for itself. What has been lifted to prominence, for has been done~ A little leaflet called friends in many countries to watch. "Threads," the story of the indus- , No child labor' was taken as the most trial work which the Young Women's appealing and definite of the stand- Christian Association of China has ards adopted by the National Chris- tian Conference, to be put into effect. done or has participated in, gives a The International Settlement of part at least of the answer to that Shanghai itself was chosen as the best question: laboratory for this experiment, since the condition of China's own govern- "Most of the Christian agencies in ment made it impossible to try to en- force Peking's p,rovisional labor China are united in a National Chris- standards in Chinese territory. tian Council which in a good many "The Shanghai Municipal Council realms is able to act for the Protes- was found to be willing to form a tant Church as a whole. commission to consider how child labor could gradually be reduced in "At the great National Christian the Settlement. Dame Adelaide An- derson, for many years Chief Lady Conference first called in Shanghai, Factory Inspector for the British May, 1922, the Church went on rec- Government, came to China for ten montbs to contribut~ of her technical ord as opposed to child labor, and believing in the necessity of one day's rest in seven and of provision for the health and safety of industrial workers. Considering that this con- ference in a sense marked the begin- ning of the Chinese Christian Church, this was rather an astonishing sevenleague step to take at the beginning.

"Ever since these great new subjects were hrought before the Church at the Conference of 192121, this Industrial Committee has been at work along the lines of research and study of industrial conditions in many

skill and ripe human wisdom to this JAPAN commission. A carefully chosen group of Chinese and foreign men Miss Y. Yumada, secretary of the Society and women worked hard for a year for the Harmonization of Labor and Capand then brought in a report (the re- ital. port refer,red to above) which if accepted would gradually raise the Women's Federation, the Peace Society, working age to twelve years, achieve the W. C. T. U., and the Shanghailanders' a gradual reduction of the shockingly Association of Tokyo. long working hours, and provide for inspection. The recommendations Mr. Bunji SUBuki, president of the Genwere mild in themselves, but so much eral Federation of Labor in Japan. better than existing conditions that they were all that could be asked for President and Mrs. Y. Sakamoto, Japa- nese people of Tung Wen College, Shanghai. at first." No small result of this work was INDIA the way in which for the first time the Mr. N. M. Joshi of the Servants of India eyes of the world were turned upon Society. labor conditions in China. To quote again from "Threads": '''l'he civi- Tata Sons of Bombay, the largest emlized world: will no longer endure that ployer of labor in India. our comfort and possessions should be built upon the bodies of little chil- FRANCE dren. The word that poured in to Shanghai during the spring campaign The French National Council of Women, of 1925 from backers all around the French Women's Alliance, and French world was nothing short of amazing. Young Women's Christian Assoelation. It :forms so large a part of the weaving which is irresistibly bringing the The French Women's Union for the count,ries together in a common con- League of Nations. cern for those who work by hand. that a roll-call of these names should be M. Justin Godert, and M. George Scelles, Minister and Secretary of the Department given: of Labor.

GREAT BRITAIN M. P. Appell, of the University. of Paris. Dr. P. Armand-DelilIe, of the Interna- The Manchester (England) Chamber of tional Association for Child Welfare. Commerce. M. Wilfred Monod for the Faculty of Protestant Theology. The British Section of the Women's In- M. Paul Fuzier for the Protestant Comternational Lea!!ue. mittee on Friendly Relations with Strangers. M. Emile Borel, ex-minister of finance. The Continuation Committee of the great M. Max Lazard, of the Labor Party. En",lish Christian ()mference, "Copec." M. Fontaine, president of the Administra- tive Council of the International Labor The National Y. W. C. A. of Great Brit- Bureau in Geneva. ain, and the World's Committee of the same organization. Early in the summer it was stated in Parliament that the British Gov- AUSTRALIA ernment had been keenly interested in the attempt to regulate industrial Mr. W. M. Hughes, ex-Prime Minister of conditions in Shanghai: and officials Au<tralia. of the Government of the United States turned to the report of this The Chamber of Commeree of Wellington, Child Labor Commission :fQr authen- New Zealand. tic information regarding the indus- trial conditions that are a part of the THE UNITED STATES international situation that came to a crisis during the past summer. The National Y. W. C. A. Miss Marv Anilerson, director of the The major question for the churches W'omen 's Bu~eau of the government Del'Mt- of the United States which are coment of 'Ulbor. operating in the great Christian Miss Graee Abbott, heai! of the Children's movement of China is whether they Bureau of the Department of Labor. are facing all of the implications of such a relationship and are prepared CZEOHO-SI,OV iK1A to accept their share in the respon- ~ibility for conditions in China and "fiss Alice Masaryk, daugltter of the pres· the United States that are binding i~ont of Czecho-fllovAkia. men, women and littlp children upon the wheel of the machine. The National Y. W. C. A. in Prague.

FROM MANY

NORTH AMERICA nett, chairman, Mrs. Katherine Silver- The Knighthood of Youth thorn and Mrs. John Ferguson, vice- chairmen, will report at the opening THIS has been organized by the Na- session Sunday afternoon. Christian tional Child Welfare Association women must face the present situato help meet the increase of lawless- tion with a sense of g,rave responsiness among school children of school bility. It is not a question of law age in this country. It is to be under based on the 18th Amendment alone the direction of Charles M. De Forest, but a question of reverence for all and its aims are thus described: law without which this Democracy is not safe and is without power to aid Our public school authorities are frankly the world. Further information may admitting that their curriculum does not ,be obtained from the chairman of the make provision for direct training of char- Washington Committee, Mrs. Wm. L. acter, and it is' plain that parents need help Darby, Washington Hotel, Washingin this direction. The Knighthood of Youth ton, D. C. supplements the efforts of parents and teachers in the home and the school. It New York City operates entirely through existing agencies, furnishing them with methods and materials which have been tried and proven to be successful. The cardinal principle of the Knighthood of Y,outh is the development of NEW YORK is America's largest, individual character through the practice of wealthiest, busiest and most fordaily exercises which form habits of honesty, eign city and its greatest foreign misc~urage, purity, thrift, loyalty, helpfulness sion field. The average population is and other virtues. It is intended primarily 17,841 a square mile, that of London for children between seven and eleven whose is 10,789 a square mile. Out of a work is checked by parent or teacher, a daily total population of 5,500,000 in greatrecord being kept of success or failure, the er New York nearly 2,000,000 are reward of degrees of Knighthood being foreign born, 2,250,000 have one or given for standards attained. This move- both parents foreign born, only 1,- ment is being extended to the remotest, 000,000 are of native born parents. In humblest home in the mountain or on the other words about 76.4 per cent of farm as well as in the city-all it requires the popUlation is foreign or of foreign is a child, and a parent or teacher to help direct the young knight in his quest for character.

born parentage. There nre 136,000 Women'. Law Enforeement Conven- English in the city; 584,000 Germans, tion more than the popUlation of Dresden; THE Woman's National Commit- more Austrians than in any city of tee for Law Enforcement has Austria, save Vienna; more Hungaricalled a Convention in Washington, ans than in any Hungarian city ex- D. C., April 11th-13th in the Hall of cept Budapest; more Norwegians than Nations, Washington Hotel. Nine in Stavanger, the fourth largest city commissions of women representing of Norway, and more Swedes than in various organizations and sections of Nor,rkoping, the fourth largest city of the country will present reports and Sweden; 56,000 Roumanians; 23,000 resolutions on the Legal, Political, Greeks; more Italians than in any Educational, Social, Patriotic and city of Italy, including Rome; 14,000 Religious aspects of Law Observance Spanish; 48,000 French; 200 unclas- and Enforcement. The Commis..<;ion . sified nationalities-Danes, Holland- of Church women, Mrs. Fred S. Ben- ers, Belgians, and others. It has twice 221

as many Irish as in Dublin; 250,000 part of this distribution was free and more Russians than in Leningrad; the remaining copies sold at cost or and there are more Jews than there less. Over 58,000 volumes were diswere in Palestine in the reign of King tributed to immigrants arriving at Solomon. Ellis Island and 120,000 to sailors and seamen from all parts of the world. Moody Bible Institute The missionaries of the Society visited the hospitals, the prisons and the in- THIS school in Chicago, which not stitutions for the poor and helpless. only carries on the work but also There were foreign-speaking workers perpetuates the name of its honored who carried the Scriptures to the founder, Dwight L. Moody, has sent Italians, Greeks, Germans, Russians, more than 1,300 students as mission- Scandinavians, and those of many aries into foreign fields alone, since it other nationalities. During the year was organized. Last year it sent out the Society published or obtained sixty. Under fifty-seven societies and from printing presses in Europe gosboards 959 graduates of the Institute pel portions in large type in two lanare now at work in thirty-seven mis- guages, printed in parallel columns. sion fields. At present the student The Society now has sixteen foreign body includes representatives of every languages thus published parallel state in the Union and twenty-six for- with the English. Recently the Goseign countries. There have been as pel of John in Esthonian-English was many as twenty-two denominations published, being the first time in hisrepresented in a single year. The In- tory that any part of the· Bible has stitute has three distinct branches, been printed in Esthonian and Engwith a dean at the head of each-the lish in parallel columns. day school, with an enrolment last year of oyer 1,000; the evening school, Demand for BraUle Bibles with 700 students, and a correspondence school with an enrolment of 7,200. THE American Bible Society re- ports an incident which illustrates To Train City Miosionaries the importance of the special work which it is doing in supplying Bibles GARRETT Biblical Institute, Chi- for blind readers. A blind man in cago, will inaugurate a new de- Kansas had a New Testament in partment next year by setting up a American Braille to give away, and training department for men who will through the Ziegler Magazine for the devote their lives to city missionary blind, recently, he offered it to any work. Rev. F. O. Beck and Rev. Erik blind person who would pay for the L. Sonderby will d1rect this depart- transportation. Responses came from ment. Mr. Beck was the promoter of thirty-four individuals from thirteen the recent religious and social survey states eagerly offering to do this. A of St. I~ouis. The funds for the new family of three blind sisters received department will be provided by the the books. The thirty-three other aphome missions society of the denomi- plicants were sorely disappointed. nation, the Chicago home missionary To supply these thirty-four New Tessociety and the institute. taments would cost $1,190. The New Testament in American Braille takes The New York Bible Society five volumes averaging $7 each. Many requests come for the Serip- THE report of the General Secre- tures in American Braille, though tary Rev. George William Carter, for the past five years this system has D.D., at the annual meeting showed not been taught in the schools; Rethe largest distribution of the Scrip- vis'ed Braille supplanting it. And tures ever made by the New York Bi- yet, here were thirty-four adults, sixble Society. During the year 1925, teen men, and eighteen women, un- 958,461 copies of the Scriptures in 67 languages were circulated. A large

1!t26J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

supplied with the New Testament, of Harlem's biggest needs was a sort and all eagerly appealing for it. of thought stabilizer-a place where its different groups could come, ex- Y. M. C. A. and the Churches change ideas, and give vent to their suppressed feelings and desires-and A MOVEMENT to promote cooper- the North Harlem Community Forum ation between the Young Men's was formed, which 'has been held C h r is t ian Association and the weekly in the auditorium of the Pubchurches is being fostered through lic Library. It is a member of the the Counselling Commission of the Open Forum National Council and Protestant Churches of the United has been represented at its annual States of America. This Commission meeting at Chautauqua, New York. is composed of representatives of The National Council, with headquareighteen Protestant communions, who .ters in Boston, Mass., has, on the are to confer at least once a year with strength of the accomplishments of Association leaders on problems of re- the Harlem Forum, openly endorsed lationship which are national in scope the Forum movement among. colored and which pertain to all denomina- people and urges that in every Negro tions. The National Council of the community open forums be estab- Y. M. C. A. has established a Depll!rt- lished as a means of furthering better ment of Relations with Church and understanding between the races. Interchurch' Bodies, of which Dr. David G. Latshaw is the secretary. No Race Problem Here Dr. John R. Mott said at the recent meeting of the Commission: ' , The SCHOOLS of the Hampton-Tuskebetter blending of the forces of our gee type, after half a century, are great communions with those of this showing marvelous results. Brunschild of the Churches, the Y. M. C. wick County, Virginia, once one of A., is of very great importance, so the most backward and unprogressive that, as a result of our united impact sections of the "black belt" of that upon the great areas of need and op- state, in which the Negroes were in portunity among the young men and large majority, is an example. Two boys of our nation and of the coun- white newspapers of that section, both tries with which we are cooperating, with strong Southern sympathies, rewe may achieve a larger result for cently discussed the result of these Christ and the Church and for their educational' institutions. The Petersprog,ress in the world." burg Index-Appeal says: "The Ne- groes of 'New Brunswick, in matters The Negro Forum Movement of thrift, low criminal record, owner- ship of land and ability to command H ARLEM, a district of New York respect and good will of their neigh- which covers an area of less than bors, stand second to none. The low one square mile, represents the largest clriminal expense, despite the fact that aggregation of Negroes in America- the county had the greatest prepona city within a city, as cosmopolitan derance of Negro over white populaand varied in its composition as the tion of any in the state and the furgreat city itself. Persons of color ther fact that the county jail has stood from France, Germany, India, Africa, empty for six months at a time, are Australia, and all other pa,rts of the cumulative evidence of the wonderworld, even Black Jews direct from ful material and social progress in Palestine, contribute to this city of this county." The Brunswick Ga- 150,000 souls. There are as many dif- zette says: "There is no race problem ferent schools of thought, and every in our county. The colored people shade of opinion is represented. and white people of this county live on terms of mutual respect and co- Five years ago Miss Julia Lathers, operation. The report of the auditor an enthusiast of the Ford Hall Forum in Boston, conceived the idea that one

of public accounts shows the splendid an experiment, the simplest meal in material progress made. This is a the middle of the morning, oatmeal wonderful record for a people who a and milk, or bread and cocoa. They few years back were mostly renters were going' to try it for three months and tenants. "-United Presbyterian. and judge the effect, but at the end of a month the children were found to LATIN AMERICA have gained in weight fmm that simple fare, and the teacher reported Guatemala Girls' School an incredible impmvement in their work. One small boy begged to come THE Guatemala Mission of the to school on Saturday. "Do you like Presbyterian Church conducts in school so much 1" "No" he said Quezaltenango a school for girls which honestly, "but I want my 'breakfast.'; is greatly in need of funds for a new The missionary found that in this building. ., The school is a potent child's home there were nine chilmeans of evangelization. Not a year dren, and all the food they had in a passes that important results are not day was coffee and a banana or a obtained through the conversion of sweet potato. pupils who came prejudiced against us. Our schools are first and fore- Bolivia'. Real Need most evangelistic. But the fine results are not limited year by year to REV. and Mrs. H. S. Hillyer, Cadevotional life and Biblical knowl- nadian Baptist missionaries in edge, but are so patent in the best Bolivia, write as follows of their probcultural work as well, that the school lems: "The Bolivian is thoroughly has accredited itself immensely in accustomed to hypocrisy in religion. public opinion. This is why the quar- It is as natural to him as the air he ters hitherto used are becoming breathes. When a baptized believer crowded to suffocation, and why so slips back into his' old life, he and all many of the best families, including his neighbors think that nothing una Minister of Education, send their usual has. happened. The problem we children to our school by preference. face is-how to make the church mem- The school is a demonstrated success, bers realize and feel deeply that the not an untried hypothesis. It has reputation and future of evangelical proved what a good evangelical school work in Bolivia lies largely with them. can do. The Mission sees it. The In Bolivia I feel that I must see a Government sees it. The public sees man practically every day for a year it, and we all are waiting for it to before I begin to think about baptizhave a better chance to do its best." ing him. At home we ask ourselves the question: 'Does the candidate un- Porto Rican Children derstand what baptism means Y' In Bolivia we ask: 'Does the candidate A FTER four hundred years of the fully understand that it means to live Spanish regime in Porto Rico, daily for years the Christian life?' ninety-seven per cent of the people of Our progress in Bolivia does not dethat island were illiterate. Twenty- pend upon baptisms but upon real one years of the American regime re- conversions. " duced this to sixty-five per cent. The Government, the missions, and Ma- East Indians in Guiana sonic orders are realizing the need and increasing the schools. The pov- REV. J. B. Cropper, D.D., now reperty of the people is a drawback. For resenting the new United Church example, one of the teachers found of Canada, began work in 1896 among that the children could work only an the 25,000 East Indians in British hour or two in the morning before Guiana, which he speaks of as the they became listless. Members of the only representative of the British American Protestant Episcopal con- Empire on the South American congregation in San Juan provided, as

NEWS FROM: MANY LANDS

tinent. He writes: "The progress to accommodate a children's congre- of the work, considering the many gation of approximately 500. With set-backs it has had, has under God's the exception of the minister, Rev. C.

blessing been satisfactory. There are G. Hutchison, the organization of the over sixty points at which groups of church will be composed entirely of Christians have been organized and boys and girls. The roof has been regular Sabbath services are con- painted to represent an eastern night ducted. Upwards of thirty elemen- sky, with twinkling golden stars, and tary schools have been established, of famous artists have contributed pic- which twenty-five are recognized by tures which will be hung on the walls.

the Government and receive mainte- The children will elect their own nance grants. A high school for boys church officers. As most of them will another for girls and a training home come from homes of the poor, a spe- for girls have also been established. cial envelope has been devised, in The two former are, like the majority which those who feel that they are un- of the elementary schools, recognized able to give money are asked to en- and aided by the Government." close a note of thanks for some bene- fit or joy received during the week.

CarajBII Indians in Brazil A day nursery will be conducted and STARTING out from the mission it is hoped to add a playground and station of the Evangelical Union welfare center. About £60,000 haa of South America at Goyaz, Brazil, been expended on the enterprise.

Rev. Mr. Wilding recently visited a tribe of Indians called Carajas, whom Jews and Christians Confer O he describes as naked and painted VER a thousand people applied'. for tickets for a conference of: savages. He says: "The Indians gave us a great welcome, the chief Jews and Christians held recently at bringing all his family to spend a day the Wesleyan Church, ¥anchester with us. Our gramophone was a Square, London, to discuss the sub- great surprise and pleasure to them jects "The Contribution of Religion all, only I did wish they could have to the Improvement of Race Rela- understood the hymns which were be- tions," "Native Races, a Sacred ing played. We long for the day Trust," and "Anti-Semitism." The when they shall know Him, whom to afternoon conference, referring to re- know is life eternal. As the time ligion and race problems in China, went on the Indians came from day Africa and India, was full of interest, to day to help us with the work of and provoked a considerable number making a clearing and soon many of short speeches by members of the trees were felled and building was be- audience. An underlying thought gun. A Roman Catholic priest vis- seemed to be present in the minds of ited us shortly after our a,rrival and everyone, namely the belief in man '8 endeavored to turn the Indians reasonableness and desire for right- against us. His attempt was not suc- eousness, no matter to what religion, cessful, however, as the Indians main- race or color he may belong. The eve- tained that we were their friends." ning session on Anti-Semitism was opened by a challenging address by EUROPE Dr. Montefiore, followed by a state- AChildren's Cllurch in London ment of the Christian point of view.

There was no lack of frankness on CHURCH planned exclusively either side, and in the speeches that for children is being completed followed every shade of opinion was in London by the West Ham Central expressed, including that of a Russian Mission, one of the most successful Jewish convert in the Anglican priest- Baptist enterprises in that city. An hood, a Zionist, and a Hungarian old tabernacle is being transformed Jew.

S

English Youth and Temperance ant, pure, attractive portrait of the synoptic gospels is unknown; very THERE has been organized in Eng- few French people have ever contem- plated it. In some quarters the his- . . land a "Young Methodist Temper- torical existence of Jesus is doubted :ance Campaign," in which the Meth- -more often it is practically igodist youth are asked to accept re- nored." sponsibility for the fight against the drink evil as a definite part of their Jewish Converts in Poland Christian service. Meetings are be- MAX SPALENICE writes to the ing organized throughout the United J ewish Missionary Herald from Kingdom. Young men and women Cracow that another Hebrew Chriswill preside; one speaker will show tian in Poland has been led to offer the evil of drink and another will ap- himself for preparation for Christian peal to the young folks between fif- work in the future. "The life," he teen and thirty to arm for the de- says, "of a truly converted young cisive fight "in this generation. " Jew here is by no means an easy one. The proposition is clinched by the Day after day he has to meet relatives signing of the following "obliga- and friends who think it their duty to tion" : draw him back to Judaism. Offers of help and alternate threats of perse- . By the help of God, I enter now into the cution are continually held out to make him renounce his Christian twofofd Obligation of Abstinence and Serv- faith. They consider it a meritorious ice. . deed to 'reclaim' such a convert to his former Jewish persuasion. 'I I will abstain from the use of alcoholic would give the world,' one Jew said, 'if I could win him back to our (Jewbeverages, that body, mind and soul may ish) religion.' 'This man is a per- fect mystery' another Jew said, 'to serve Christ's Kingdom at their highest. go about telling his people about Christ without fearing the conse- I will serve as I have opportunity, study- quences to himself and to his nearest relations.' " ing to make my service effective, and I will Bibles Again for Russia set Temperance Reform in the forefront of I T HAS been extremely difficult, if .my claim and duty as a citizen. Amen. not impossible, for the last four or five years to get Bibles into Russia. "Why should not the' Youth Move- A few shipments for which permis- sion was secured by Russians from ment of America,' if it is looking their Government have been admitfor a task, try its hand at this re- ted. All others have been stopped, form Y How could they help their whether sent by way of the Black Sea, country as well Y" comments The the Caucasus, China or the Pacific Christian Advocate. ports. Permission, however, now has been granted to print considerable Religious Needs of France editions at the government printing offices in Moscow and Leningrad. WRITING on the problem of evan- 'rhere are no plates at hand from gelization in France, Pastor Con- which to print these Scriptures and nier says: "The French nation does the changes in spelling required by not know the Bible. By law all re- the action of the Government would ligious instruction has been banished make old plates valueless, if availfrom the state schools. The Catholic able. The American Bible Society Church has thus in her hands almost the entire charge of the religious education oil the children of the country. They learn a catechism, but nothing from the Bible or the gospels. The New Testament is almost unknown in France. The French people do not know the Person of Jesus. Since they do not read the gospels, they only know the remote picture, often conventional and far too dogmatically expressed, which is given in the catechism, or by the preaching and art of the Catholic Church. But the radi-

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has offered to pay the cost of making education for girls as well as boys, a new set of plates, amounting to and the abolition of polygamy. In $10,000 or $15,000. The version is to 1922 the members of this Committee be the same and the general appear- succeeded in obtaining a law raising ance of the book will be the same as the marriageable age for girls to sixthe earlier editions. teen. They are advocating greater freedom of association for young men AFRICA and women before marriage.

Moslem Heresy Trial The College at Achimota THE controversy st,irred up in REFERENCE has been made in Cairo by the trial for heresy of a the REVIEW to the new Prince of professor in Al Azhar, the great Mo- Wales College at Achimota, on the hammedan university, was reported Gold Coast, and to Dr. J. K. Aggrey, in the November REVIEW. It will be the distinguished African member of remembered that Sheikh Ali Abdel the Phelps-Stokes Commission, who had written a book entitled "Islam is to be a member of its faculty. In and the Basis of Government," in a recent address in London, Dr. Agwhich he argued for the use of pro- grey outlined as follows some of the gressive Islamic principles as against plans for the institution: a literal appl~cation of the temporal ideas of Mahomet's day, including a With some fifty teachers selected from the divorce of civil and religious author- five continents of Europe, Asia, Africa, ity. This brought consternation to America, and Australia, and with accommothe legalists, with the resultant de- dation for about eight hundred students, it mand for his dismissaL The Minister will be the aim of Achimota to correct the of Justice, however, refused to re- mistakes which have been made in the edumove him from AI Azhar, and his cational systems of Africa. It will take the own resignation was thereupon de- African boy and girl at the age of six and manded. Now word comes that two carry them through the kindergarten to the progressive members of the Egyptian university courses. It will give to the Africabinet have resigned as a protest can, not only professional training, but also against the enforced resignation of technical courses that will teach both boys the Minister of Justice. Thus inde- and girls the dignity of labor. The imporpendence of thought is increasing tance of the Gold Coast Government's exeven in the strongholds of Islam. periment at Achimota is that it will retain and improve the best things in Airica and Women's Movement in Egypt couple them with the best things Western. The pupils in this government COllege will A GREAT change is taking place be trained to be Christian citizens. in woman's position in the public life of Egypt. She is now taking An "Ekitelo" in the Congo part, in every phase of Egyptian life, and it is no unusual occurrence for THIS is the name given by the peoleading Egyptian newspapers to de- ple, says a missionary of the Disvote space to the feminine question. ciples Church in the Congo, to a gath- It is not uncommon to see unveiled ering of evangelists and teachers from Egyptian women with male members thirty-nine outstations and the candiof their families in the hotels of Eng- dates for baptism. She describes the land and Europe. The Church Mis- latest of these occasions as follows: sionary Review, London, tells of a "The Ekitelo opened with a song and women's committee that has been prayer-service and then the handformed in Egypt by prominent Egyp- shaking began. Many of those prestian ladies who take a leading part in ent had never before shaken the hand both political and social movements. of a white person and naturally they Their program includes equality be- desired that privilege. Then followed tween men and women, compulsory a week of school, the evangelists and teachers receiving special training for their work, and those to be baptized meeting daily for Christian teaching.

There was also a school for women life, for real good literature. Your and .girls each afternoon. Imagine Society has already given two magthe joy of the Sunday communion nificent things to the Uganda Mission. service where 227 were partaking for We have received, first of all, "The the :first time and dedicating their Pilgrim's Progress." All through lives to Christian living; here where Uganda you will find that" The Pil- Christian living means a complete grim's Progress" is one of the most change in all the old ways of living treasured possessions of that country. and thinking." The other book that the Religious Tract Society has given to Uganda is Moslem Lea.rners in Nigeria the hymn book. It did touch my heart when I heard these black sub- MR. AND Mrs. Merryweather of jects singing: the Sudan Interior Mission send an appeal for prayer for the Moslems Jesus loves me, this I know of Northern Nigeria, a mission field made especially difficult by the cli- For the Bible tells me so. mate, as well as by Moslem hostility. They write: "Splendid missionaries You get to know the languages of of the C. M. S. and other societies the peoples of Central Africa, but you have labored here and gone. Good serve a long time before you meet the work has been done, the major por- word which means 'Love.' The only tion of the Scriptures translated and way in which we can interpret love other books to hand; and yet there to them is by actions. ' , prevails almost complete indifference to all. The most ho·peful feature lies Mo:ffat's House Preserved in there being a desire on the part of many to hear the Word of God. We I T IS proposed to put the historic have had an average attendance of buildings at Kuruman, which eighteen Moslems every Sunday for served for fifty years as the home of years, who apparently love it. The Robert Moffat during his period of Spirit of God has blessed it to their devoted service to Africa, in such orconviction, and shown them their need der and repair as will enable African of the Lord Jesus Christ, and yet the missionaries to go there for short pefear of man holds them from surren- ;riods of rest. It was here that Livingder, and a public confession. Our stone met and fell in love with Mary head rnallam (Moslem priest) once Moffat. It is felt that Moffat's memsaid to us: 'In my heart I know in ory will be fittingly perpetuated if it whom I believe, but the moment I is made possible for the Kuruman confess I know they will get me out house to be utilized in future as the of the way by poisoning.' This ex- Moffat Rest House. plains why there are so few converts. " THE NEAR EAST Books for Central Africa. A New Calendar for Turkey VEN. Archdeacon Lloyd, speaking EACH month seems to bring a re- at the annual meeting of the Re- port of some new step in the modligious Tract Society, told of meeting ernization of Turkey. The latest is in a railway train a young Baganda, the passage by the Angora Governwho spent the day reading a book by ment of a law requiring the use of the Charles Garvice, which he said was "International Calendair" for all about "how English people make civic purposes (though the religious love. " The Archdeacon continued: calendar remains unchanged.) This adds 582 years to the old-style date "A tremendous demand is :coming and makes the current year 1926, in- stead of 1344. The Turkish year, as from Central Africa, where I have is generally known, is dated from the ~e!lll,stationed for thirty years of my Hegira, the flight of Mohammed from Mecca to Medina.

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"It will be interesting," comments versity training which will enable The ChristiJan Advocate, "to see them to serve theM- country more effiwhether official Turkish documents ciently. Now he wishes to send ten will be dated Anno Domini, in the students to the American University year of Our Lord. But whether they of Beirut on condition that they resay so or not, they will be dated from ceive scholarships while there. In his the Christian era. Such a change of letter Efraim Twoldo Medhen appeals mental attitude as this reform indi- to President Dodge as follows: "Will cates is almost incomprehensible, in you not allow Abyssinia to partake view of the history that lies back of together with other Eastern countries the two calendars." of the enlightenment which the Uni- versity is giving? Let me hope that Work for Turkish Women you will consider this appeal and will help me in my efforts. " MOUTIE SABRI, a former student at the Constantinople Woman's The Bible in the Holy Land College who has been directress of the Girls' Normal School in Stamboul for I T IS now.sixty-six years since a the past two years, has been sent to Bible depot was opened by the England by the Turkish Government British and Foreign Bible Society in to study kindergarten methods. On a small room in Jerusalem. Rarely her return she is to organize and can the shop be entered today withsuperintend kindergartens throughout out finding some would-be purchasers Turkey. The demand for college examining the books. F'requently the, graduates as teachers is so great in place is a perfect Babel of tongues, for' 'l'urkey at present that many grad- its thirty thousand volumes are uates of the Constantinople Woman's printed in nearly if not quite forty College who are married are teaching different languages. The shop is no part time in the schools, as they feel longer a small room, and at present that they should do their part in fur- a fine building on an excellent and thering the movement for education eligible site is in process of erection. which is sweeping the country. Bed- '1'he circulation of the Scriptures last rie Veyssi Chukri of the class of 1917, year amounted to 18,085 copies. The who has since studied medicine in colporteur is a Christian Arab, Habib Germany, has just been called back Khouri, who has many interesting exfrom Paris by the Government and periences. In Bethlehem he went to given the position of examining phy- the shop of a carpenter, who, when he' sician at one of the largest Turkish stated that he had the Holy Book that orphanages. told the story of "the maiden's son of Bethlehem," made a purchase, and Abyssinian Appeal to Beirut at once began to read. Among others who came in at the time was a little PRESIDENT Bayard Dodge of the boy, who said to the colporteur, "You' American University of Beirut has please come to my house with me, for received a request from Efraim Twol- my mother has much money, and she do Medhen, an alumnus of the Uni- will surely buy a book." On ar,rival versity, who is now Vice-Administra- at the house, the woman welcomed the tor of the Teferi Makonnen School, colporteur and purchased copies for Addis ~baba, .A!byssinia, requesting herself and several others. scholarships for ten young men from that country. His Imperial Highness Persian Bible Conference Ras Teferi, heir apparent to the throne of Abyssinia, built and main- AN all-Persian interchurch' Bible' tains this school. Prince Ras Teferi conference, held in Haniadan, thE) has been sending young men to the first of its kind, is described by Miss United States, to different countries Florence E. Murray as having been." in Europe and to Egypt to secure uni- remarkable in many ways. First, the

personnel: in addition to the voting the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. delegates there were many others who A. One of the party writes of these attended the meetings, contributing villages: "They lie many miles from from their rich experience to the clis- the beaten path. They are almost incussion of the many problems. Some accessible. In some of the villagel'l. had come out of Islam over forty white faces had never been seen, and years ago and some were new to the the first night drove many of the peofaith. Tabriz was represented by a ple into hiding. Usually we could perchurch member just returned from a suade them that we were harmlesl'l. year at Princeton, and Urumia by a and could get an audience for the gos- Syrian now living in Hamadan. pel message. But often the women There were converts from Islam and would remain where they could see Judaism, together. with Armenians, and not be seen. In one village an Syrians and Americans. Another old woman asked what we put on our notable feature was that most of the faces to make them white. Sixty of work was done by the Christian na- these villages ,reached with the Word tionals; only three missionaries sat of Life–only sixty-and almost two among the twenty-four voting dele- hundred in which the Gospel has gates. Unity was the keynote in dis- never been preached are still waiting cussion and prayer-the unity found -waiting for us!" only in Christ. Christ in a Hindu Temple Moslem Converts in Persia A STEREOPTICON lecture on the THE Bishop in Persia (Dr. Linton) life of Chril'l.t was delivered re- writes to the Church Missionary cently under unusual conditions in Society reporting the baptism of Madras City. The missionary entered seventeen adult converts from Islam, a community in the city where the sixteen of them on one day. This con- lecture was expected, but no hall was stitutes a fresh record in the Mission. available and the only open space The Bishop says that the answers of suitable was in front of a small Hindu the candidates to his questions were temple. He asked permission of the most cheering. For instance, one temple attendant who gladly gave it, woman 'whose husband is a very and when the screen was set up in the bigoted Moslem was asked whether entrance of the temple it was found she realized that she would have to that the small light burning before confess Christ before her husband. the idol made just enough of a glow She said: "I have not waited for on the screen behind which it was, to baptism to do that!" One man who render the pictures indistinct. Again was asked what bad things he saw in he referred to the attendant, who very Islam to make him want to leave it, kindly extinguished the flickering replied: "It was not because of any light before his god so that people badness or goodness in Islam. I saw might see more clearly the life and the Lord. He pulled me out of the character of Jesus Christ. The picfire, .and sent me to Isfahan to learn tures were very successful and the of Him." Asked how he knew it was audience was much impressed by the the Lord, he said: "If you had seen gospel story. Him as I saw Him, you would have no doubt that it was He." Bible Class of Hindu Men INDIA AND CEYLON THIS past year Bible classes in the Ewing Christian College in Alla- Unreached Villages in India habad, India, have been grouped so that Christians, Moslems and Hindus A PARTY of three missionaries and should be segregated. Furthermore, five Indian associates visited Hindus who come from other than about sixty remote villages in a sec- mission schools are to be taught seption of the Western India Mission of

1926J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

arately. "Such a class" writes one slave-owners to set free their slaves, a of the missionary staff, "have I- response which indeed is so satisfacsixty-three men. Row after row, ex- tory that it is hoped that at an early tending to the walls of a large room, date slavery in Nepal will be comgreets me daily. They all have Eng- pletely abolished. The work involved lish testaments, and I have given in compensating the owners is provthem Luke's Gospel (which we ing heavier than had been anticipated. study), in the vernacular. I suppose In his great speech announcing his there are still those who feel that edu- determination to secure the total abolcational work is not evangelistic. ition of slavery, which the Mahara,ja They might discover that they are in made in November of last year, he error, could they but present the stated: "I have .already dedicated a Evangel to that class." sum of fourteen lakhs of rupees for the work, and I shall do my best to Outcastes in Dornakal secure as much more as will be neces- sary." THIS diocese in southern India, fa- mous in missionary annals because The sum already spent in compenof its Indian bishop, Azariah, is doing sation is fifty lakhs of rupees, or about a great work among Indian "un- $1,650,000, the major part of which touchables, " described as follows by was a personal gift of His Highness, Bishop Whitehead, formerly of Madras: ' 'We see a strong Christian Church and School in Ceylon Church of 120,000 members drawn almost exclusively from the dutcastes, ONE factor in the life of the Ceylon increasing at the rate of 12,000 a Mission of the American Board, year, with over 1,000 primary schools, which is of especial importance, is the thirteen boarding-schools, two high increasing number of Tamil Chrisschools, and one college, educating in tians, fruit of the mission work, conall over 24,000 outcaste Christian pu- nected with the churches, who are pils and staffed by over 1,000 teachers, showing loyal interest in the Chrisc all raised up from the outcastes. And tian movement, taking active part this large progressive church is min- therein themselves and giving promistered to and governed by about ise of increasing leadership, as the eighty ordained priests and deacons, years go by. The fruit of the hundrawn from the outcastes, parochial, dred years of mission work in .Jaffua district, and diocesan councils, main- is plentiful and rewarding. Jaffna ly composed of Indian members College was never in more vigorous or drawn from the same community, the fruitful life than today, with its large whole presided over by an Indian student body of six hundred, with Bishop." many new buildings or refitted build- ings which Principal Bicknell has se- Abolition of Slavery in Nepal cured, and with its direct relation to the eight high schools scattered over THE remarkable action taken by Jafl'na which are tributaries to the the Maharaja of Nepal, a native college. The monthly magazine pubstate on the Indian frontier, in pro- lished by the college shows the loyal claiming freedom for the more than regard had for it by the students and 50,000 slaves in his kingdom was re- the "old boys "-a spirit such as is ported in the July, 1925, REVIEW, felt in college circles in America. and has been widelv commented on The girls' school at Uduvil is doing as elsewhere. The grea:t task of putting fine a work in its way for the young this proclamation into effect is well women, and also has a body of gradon its way to completion. The Ma- uates who, as wives and mothers in a haraja announces that he is receiving multitude of homes and as teachers in an encouraging response to the ap- village schools throughout Jaffna, peal which he made to the 15,000 help to spread its fame.

CHINA Christian, Dr. Paul Fugh, of Oregon The Church and Its Money University, Yale and Cornell.

T HE views of a Chinese Christian worker in Shensi Province, a grad- Chinese Bible Encyclopaedia uate of St. John's College, Shanghai, THE publication of "The Bible Enon the present anti-Christian move- cyclopaedia for the Chinese ment in China are quoted in The Mis- Church, " which has been prepared sion Fiel(!/" a Church of England pa- under the direction of Rev. Henry M. per. The Chinese are against the Woods, D.D., is announced in The Christian Chinese Church, he de- Christian Observer. Most of the maclares, because, instead of being inde- terial for it was translated by perpendent, it accepts .money from for- mission of the respective publisher~ eigners. He pleads, therefore, that of conservative Bible dictionaries and self-support should be thorough, and encyclopaedias in the English lanthat a new system should be adopted guage; some notable articles were which should abandon the Western prepared by scholars in China, Amerplan of building useless "cathedrals ica and other countries; and to these and costly churches," saying: latter, credit has been given in the in- dex section of the work. A large part We sbould do far better to spend our of the material was translated from money on rebuilding our factories on hy- the International Standard Bible Engienic principles, building good houses to be cyclopaedia, published some years ago let at a low rental to the laboring classes, by the Howard-Scverance Company. teaching them habits of cleanliness, etc. We read in the anti·Christian diatribes against An Ex_Convict Preacher Christianity that it is the forerunner of im· perialism, the herald of capitalism, and the I MPRISONED in Peking on charge despoiler of the nation's spirit. Now if the of embezzling his employers' Church in China would follow out the plan funds, Paul Wang first heard of I have suggested, and take nothing from Christ when he received a testament foreign funds for salaries, make no appeal from George T. B. Davis of the Pocket for SUbscriptions, and abstain from erecting great buildings and buying land, rumors would cease, doubts and suspicions would be set at rest.

Rural Paper for Chinese Testament League, who was distribu- ting them in all the prisons in the AN additional result of the mass city. Wang soon was converted and education movement in China is baptized, and upon his release he ad- the output of helpful literature based opted the garment of a priest to indi- on the one thousand characters. As cate that he had abandoned secular soon as the one·time illiterate finishes interests. He secured a wheelbarrow his four-months' course he can read and a stock of books and took to the books on health, agriculture, history, .road, preaching as he went. He had t.ravel, t;ivics, Christianity and other reached Paotingfu when the fighting lines. "One hour a day for four then going on made further travel in- months has opened to him the door to advisable, so he set to work to support East and West, earth and heaven, and himself with his hands. Six days he has given him means of endless self- labors at making tin water kettles and improvement." Rev. Hugh Hubbard, on Sunday he shuts up shop and goes missionary of the American Board at out pre.aching. Recently he went to Paotingfu, has started a rural paper Peking at his own expense to solicit called The Farmer, which aims at his funds from wealthy relatives for uplift. Afforestation, seed-selection, building an addition to the village pest-eradication, hygiene, citizenship, chapel property. But his eyes are news, songs,. games are the part of turned toward the far places and as the new life it brings every ten days, soon as conditions permit he wants to at a cost of eight cents per year. It work his way west, where preachers is edited by a fine young Chinese are few.-The Continent.

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Chinese Boy Teaehers come with contrition and tears that THE Methodist Episcopal Church they could not spe~k. Miss Wang was has twenty-six missionaries at very quiet and beautiful as she diwork in the city of Chungking, in the rected the meeting. Then came our far-away, picturesque province of preaching service. After the sermon Szechwan. There is a thriving insti- I asked Miss Wang to speak a few tutional church, where preaching minutes to the girls and ask them to services or lectures draw crowds for stand for Christ and to join the five evenings of every week. A night Church."

school, instruction in health and sanitation, mothers' classes, and other Japanese Christians in Dairen U forms of education are going on. In NDER the direction of Dr. Frank Herron Smith, in charge of the and around the city this little band of missionaries operate eighteen lower work of the Methodist Episcopal primary schools, with one thousand Church among the Japanese in Korea pupils. The Chungking higher pri- and in Manchuria, a new church mary school gives instruction to more building is to be erected in Dairen, than one hundred bright little Chi- Manchuria, as soon as funds are avail- nese. The Chungking mission high able. There are, 70,000 Japanese school holds one hundred and sixty laboring in this new port city of the more young' people of Szechwan. Orient. There is a nucleus of 125 And a group of thirty boys, them- Japanese members of this church and selves in the high school, moved by they are giving largely of their means the missionary spirit that pervades towards its erection. According to the place, have organized classes for Dr. Smith, these Japanese Christians, children of the very poor. Almost with ,their comparatively meager ninety per cent of the graduates of wages, give more for the support and the Chungking mission high school spread of Christian teaching than do have taken up some form of Chris- church members of the United States.

tian service .under the direction of the Last year the thirty members of the missionaries. Chemulpo Church gave an average of $88.50 each, while the giving of the Chinese Woman Evangelist full and preparatory members of the MISS Wang" a Chinese Christian church averaged $51 each. The young woman, recently con- church members in a still poorer comducted meetings among the girls of munity gave $33 each. The Japanese the McTyeire School in Shanghai. pastor at Chemulpo receives only $35 Rev. J. H. Berckman, of the M. E. per month.

Church South, writes: "Everyone is thrilled with the meeting which Miss Colportage in Manchuria T Wang conducted. She has had a won- HE National Bible Society of Scotland reports the successful derful experience herself, tilled with difficulties and persecution, and com- tour of a Japanese colporteur na,med ing from a wealthy family was able Maruyama among his countrymen in to understand the many experiences Manchuria, of whom there are said to of the students of McTyeire. She be 150,000. He made his headquar- spoke in Mandarin and so I did not ters at the Y. M. C. A. building, in understand her, but some of the Dairen, and inserted in two Man- teachers told me that she convinced churian daily newspapers a notice to the girls of their sins. On Easter the effect that he had been sent by the morning, during the Sunday-school Bible House in Kobe, for the purpose hour Miss Wang held a testimony of selling copies of the Holy Scrip- meeting and I arrived in time to see tures, which he was able to supply in different girls stand up to testify and Japanese, English, German, French, confess their sins who were so over- Russian, Korean, Chinese, Latin,

Greek, Hebrew, and Esperanto. The this latest meeting of the Synod to South Manchurian Railway granted have all such doubt absolutely re- Mr. Maruyama a second-class pass, moved. We foreign missionaries have with free transportation of all the a place as I special members,' as they books he had with him. He was well are called here, something like 'correceived wherever he went, visiting responding members' in our home churches, custom houses, banks, in- Synod. The way is open, however, surance offices, foundries, oil and for a missionary to become a full sugar factories, mines, temples, and member of the Japan Synod by transshrines, hospitals and schools. ferring his membership as a minister from the Church in the United States JAPAN-KOREA to the Church in Japan. In the mat- ter of self-support the Church of Militarism in Japanese Schools Christ in Japan has progressed not as far as in that of self-government, but REV. Otis Cary, D.D., whose opin- still in the former also she is making ion on anything in Japan carries steady progress. All the so-called weight, reports that there as in Amer- 'organized churches' are entirely selfica students are objecting to required supporting, and beyond that they conmilitary training. "The Educational tribute more or less to the spread of Department has lately ordered that the Gospel in Japan proper and in army ex-officers shall be assigned to her dependencies. " the schools. Students of Waseda University were refused permission to AProhibition in Japan hold a meeting for protest against the MONTHLY magazine published system; but a few days later they by the W. C. T. U. of Japan, were allowed to have one for lectures called Fujin Shimpo (Woman's Progon I Criticism of Imperialism.' The ress), draws attention to the growing officials of the Tokyo Imperial Uni- force of prohibition sen tim e n t versity are reported to be greatly ex- throughout the country. University cited over what may be the effect of students have organized themselves a meeting that the students of the So- into Anti-liquor Federations and emciological Department h a v e an- ba.rked on campaigns for a dry Japan. nounced for I Criticism of Military At the inauguration of one such cam- Education. ' In certain Christian paign, Mr. Kazutaka Ito, director of schools students are expressing oppo- the Tokyo Y. M. C. A., discussed the sition to the system. The newspapers new demands for sobriety which had are discussing the matter, most 'of resulted from the growing emphasis them being against requiring stu- upon amateur and professional athdents to drill, but some say that such letics. "Alcohol and physical efficirequirements in American schools ency," he said, "do not go together. show that progressive nations find The two prohibition countries, Finthem necessary. Thus in this as in land and the United States, led in the other things our example is used to recent Olympic games, and if Japan justify militarism." wants to hold her own among the na- tions, she must give up sake." Mr. A Self-Governing Church Inouye, a prominent social welfare worker, is quoted as saying, "Na- A MEETING in Tokyo of the tional realization that prohibition is "Church of Christ in Japan"- needed is behind the enthusiasm with the organization in connection with which all shades and varieties of prowhich all the Presbyterian and Re- hibition movements are supported by formed Missions in Japan are work- the Government and virtually all soing-is described by Rev. A. Oltmans, cial welfare organizations in this D.D., who says: "If anyone were in country. The prohibition movement doubt as to whether the Church of Christ in Japan is really self-governing or not, he needed but to attend

1926J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

is no longer the monopoly of religious country, it is becoming fashionable to workers, because intelligent people wear a cross. The wearers are almost everywhere have begun to manifest all young. Men will :fix the symbol to particular interest in the advance of their watch-chain or sometimes hide the movement." it in their pockets attached to a cord. Women wear it iii many ways. The Social Evil in Japan Student Marriage Problems COMMENTING on the campaign for social purity now in progress F E. C. WILLIAMS writes in The in Japan, the Indwn Witness, pub- • Korea Mission Field of a student lished in Lucknow, goes on to say: conference at which the subject of di- ,'Of all the great nations none has vorce was discussed from a Christian hitherto been so indifferent to the so- standpoint, and goes on to give the cial evil as the Japanese. Prostitu- following facts about the 144 boys in tion has been recognized as an avenue his own school. Eighty of them were of employment open to girls of poor married, and their average age at but respectable families through marriage was fifteen years. Their which they can not only earn a living eighty wives were classified according for themselves but provide for their to their education: None at all thirtyparents or solve a financial difficulty two (cannot even read Korean script), for the family. It has been a business knowledge of Korean script thirtytransaction and Japanese mothers two, Chinese letters ten, attending or have sold their daughters into houses graduated from primary school eight, of ill fame with no sense of shame. and none who were attending or are Girls who have willingly complied graduates of high school. The last with their parents' desires in this boy married was the only one who matter have been applauded. Con- had married a graduate of a pritact with the rest of the world has, mary school. He concludes: however, effected a change. New ideals have been absorbed and adhe- Surely one way to make for fewer dision to the League of Nations has re- vorces and happier marriages is to close the sulted in the official raising of the intellectual chasm betweeu the young men question of abolishing the system and their wives. This cau be done in several which has hitherto been protected by ways: later marriages where the young man the law." and young woman will have more to say re- garding the engagement, better facilities Japanese Wearing Crones for the instructiou of those who are now married, aud a different attitude on the part A LADY who has worked for of the parents. Pray aud work for better twenty years under the Church educated wives in Korea. Missionary Society in Japan, referring to the increasing influence of Student Service in Korea Christianity in that country, writes that after the earthquake of Septem- LAST year, at a student conference ber, 1923, it was not only easy to in Seoul, a young man volunbuild churches, it was also easy to teered to go back to his home and sell Bibles. Even second-hand New start a vacation Bible school. He had Testaments sent up from the country no money, but the pastor of the districts sold like hot cakes at night church in his home town, anxious to after meetings in the church in the encourage his spirit, gave him per- Fukugawa slums. She goes on to say mission to state his plans at the that the sale of Bibles and New Tes- church service. He was so much in taments inecreases yearly. That the earnest that the members that very New Testament is the best selling morning raised about $8.00 and gave book in Japan may seem strange; him the use of the church building for but, stranger still for a non-Christian the school. Here are the results: sixty children were kept busy at use- ful work and interesting games for six weeks. Fifty children learned to

read and write; they had never had elder pastors and deacons. You are such an opportunity before, for they never wise until you are old in Sawere too poor even to buy a pencil. moa." Many children learned to know Jesus as a friend, and have since that time Audralian Ohurch Union Plans become regular Sunday-school members. This is only an example of what FOLLOWING the example of their many students are doing in Korea for fellow-Christians in Canada, Presthe furtherance of God's Kingdom. byterians, Methodists and Congrega- tionalists in Australia have been ISLANDS OF THE SEA considering a plan of union on a de- fined basis of doctrine and polity. Filipino Lepers' Prayer List Though this plan has recently been defeated, the Australian Christian MRS. Frederick Jansen, American World states that the discussions have Presbyterian missionary in the been carried on in "an admirable Philippines, told at the annual meet- spirit of brotherliness" and aning of the American Mission to nounces that a standing committee Lepers of a prayer list made out by has been appointed for the purpose the Christians in the leper colony at of investigating "the origin and his- Culion. One would expect this list to tory of the doctrines, practices and consist of those among their own num- institutions of the Christian comber who especially need the prayers munions represented at the conferof Christians in this country, but in– ence. " Among other matters dealt stead it contains the names of those with by the Melbourne Conference in other lands for whom they are were the question of Sunday observpraying, and they ask Mrs. Jansen to ance, also the Church's attitude tosend the names of people she meets ward the marriage laws. here who especially need prayers. Some of the names listed are Marshal GENERAL Feng of China, Dr. McKean, the missionary from Siam who has visited ADlerican Mission to Lepers them, and the Shanghai Christians. AT THE annual meeting of this or- SaDloan Church Organization ganization, whose work is known all over the world, it was stated that THE London Missionary Society the economical management of funds has been at work for a century in makes it possible for the Mission to Samoa. Alexander Hough, in a ,recent own and manage, in conjunction with address before the Congregational the British Society, seventy hospitals Union in England, said of the present and asylums, besides aiding in special status of the Church there: "Samoa ways many others. The receipts for is nominally Christian. Every vil- the year 1925 were $169,729, a gain lage has its pastor, and every church of $23,000 over those of 1924. Dr. H. is self-supporting. Sometimes the A. Lichtwardt, of the American Pressupport seems very small: but each byterian Hospital in Meshed, Persia, village provides a house, food, and a told about a group of 120 lepers who plantation of coconuts. At the end live in extreme poverty and neglect of the year the village gives the pas- about two miles from his hospital, tor a gift in money. The Samoan whom he wishes to help with weekly group of ten islands is divided into medical treatments. These lepers seven districts, each of which is com- lack the initiative to come two miles plete in itself and is divided into to the hospital for treatment, so he smaller sub-districts. One of the fea- proposes, with financial help from the tures of the Samoan Church is the Mission to Lepers, to go to them, with Native Advisory Council composed of both medicine and the comfort of Christian teaching.

Unfinished Task of Foreign Missions. One lecture is devoted to the pres-

Robert E. Speer. 8vo. 351 pp. $2.75. ent economic and religious conditions New York. 1926. in India-their changes, difficulties, These lectures, deliveJ'ed in Janu- problems and outlook. What will be ary in Richmond, Virginia, and pub- the result of the Gandhi movement Y lished the same month in New York, What is the future before the outgive a very clear, up-to-date view of castes~ What influence is the Chris- the Christian missionary task in Asia tian Church in India exerting on· the and South America from an intelli- national li:feY What is to be the fu- gent, evangelical viewpoint. The ture of Hinduism and other religions world has been changing in the past of India ~ century and Dr. Speer shows that Buddhism is considered especially P,rotestant missionary methods have as found in Siam and the influence of also changed, though the motive and Christ is shown in personal testi- purpose remain true to those enun- monies of former Buddhists who have ciated by Christ and His apostles. come to know Him as their divine The non-Christian world has been Lord and ever present and powerful permeated with Christian influence Saviour.

and in many lands national churches Islam, the most determined oppo- have grown strong, but Dr. Speer nent of Christianity, is pictured as shows why the foreign missionary seen in Persia where there is an open task is still far from completed. The door to the Gospel and where Christ first lecture deals with the missionary has won many true followers. It is enterprise as an obligation resting on stimulating and encouraging to read all Christians and one in which we the testimonies of a number of con- have the assurance of victory. In verts from Islam who tell of their ex- spite of the prevailing unrest, con- periences in their old faith and in the Hicts, selfishness and sin, there is new. An evangelist who was edu- abundant reason for faith in the final cated in Urumia and has been preach- successful outcome. This lecture ing in Persia for a quarter of a cen- alone makes the book worthy of a tury, describes the remarkable change thoughtful reading and re-reading. that is taking place in Persian Mo- It contains not the author's opinion hammedans-even among the ecclesi- only but also the views of Asiatics astics.

who express the convictiop that the South America is given a full chap- Gospel of Christ is worthy of suprem- ter of fifty pages, filled with facts and acy and that Christ is conquering. testimonies gathered by the author in Dr. Speer draws largely from his his recent visit when attending the own observations and contacts made Montevideo Congress. The educa- during his recent tour through Asi- tional, social and religious progress atic countries and he describes some are clearly set forth. The evidence of the changes that have taken place produced on the attitude of the peo- since he made a similar tour twenty- pIe toward religion is especially five years ago. The material ~nd eco- worthy of notice, as is the report on nomic improvements, the progress in "The Evangelical Movement in South political self-government and the in- America. "

creased advantages are especially no- The "Unfinished Task" and "The ticeable. Here, too, some remarkable World's Need," in the two final chap- testimonies are quoted from Asiatics. ters; reveal the reason for continued 237

and increased effort on the part of quate religious experience and clear Christians at home to establish a convictions for a teacher of religion.

strong, Christian Church with edu- The chapters on the pupil point out cated evangelical leaders in all non- the great opportunity for molding the Christian lands. The most intelligent future generation; discuss the laws Christian leaders themselves in these of development, the characteristics of lands appeal for an increase rather various ages (very briefly), the gen- than for a diminution of missionary eral laws of instruction, mental tests, effort. The unfinished task is evan- the awakening of interest and the gelistic and educational, and is seen guidance of the imagination, emo- in the unoccupied territory in many tions and will or power of choice.

lands, as well as in the unreached The aim of teaching is shown to be classes, and in the need for Christ to the proper development of this power permeate all departments of life and of choice in following the true Way thought. of Life.

These lectures broaden one's hori- Parents and teachers at home and zon, add to knowledge, deepen sym- abroad will find it worth while to pathy, strengthen faith, and intensify study with Miss Slattery.

missionary zeal. What to Teach and How to Reaoh the You Can Learn to Teach. Margaret Slat- Young. George Goodman. 12mo. 246 tery. 12md. 223 pp. $1.35. Boston. pp. 3s net. 1925.

1925. Workers among young people will If you are a young teacher, inexpe- find here much of value on the prep- rienced 01' planning to teach, you will aration of addresses, the art of public- like this book. Miss Slattery is an ex- speaking, story telling, the use of perienced teacher of teachers and illustrations, and subjects for re- knows how to express technical prin- ligious addresses.

ciples in. language that novices will Directory of Protestant Missions in China. understand. She is intensely practi- Edited for the National Christian Coun· cal and draws on her wide experience eil. 451 pp. $3.00. Kwang Hsueh Pub. for a wealth of illustrative material. .co. Shanghai. 1925.

In this volume, which displaces her Like former editions, this Directory earlier "Talks with Teacher Training contains a list of the missions and mis- Classes, ' , she first discusses the sionaries of all Protestant societies working in China. They are classiteacher and then the pupil, unfolding fied under societies, by provinces and the pdnciples and aims especially of stations and alphabetically by name. religious teaching. There is compar- This compilation has involved an imatively little on method, oL.tside of mense amount of labor and its inforsome suggestions as to the project mation is of great value for reference. method of learning by doing. Questions for study and discussion follow Christian Work in South America. The Official Report of the Montevideo Coneach chapter and there is a rather in- gress. Editorial Committee, Robert E. adequate list of books for additional Speer, S. G. Inman anil Frank K. Sanders. study. 2 volumes. 12mo. 494 and 473 pp.

In the chapters on the teacher, Miss Slattery encourages every normal per- $4.00 net. New York. 1925.

son with the thought that he or she For those interested in the progress can learn to teach. The characteris- and problems of missionary work in tics of a teacher, the will to teach, the the southern continent, these volumes use of emotions, the development of furnish a mine of information and powers of observation, of memory and much of inspiration. They contain a reason, of imagination and religious full report of the Montevideo Con- experience are all dealt with help- gress, which was significant for the fully. Even more might be said large place given to the views of in regard to the necessity for ade- South Americans themselves in the reports of Commissions and in the dis- ing that of the Christian Jew, Catholic cussions. Sacramentarian, East and West, and The reports prepared in advance, the Protestant views, from the Refor- by special experts, and the discussions mation to the present day. His thesis based on them deal with the unoccu- is that salvation is the progressive ful- pied fields, the Indian population, fillment of personality. In developing education, evangelism, social move- it b.e considers its bearing on sin, for- ments and health. There are also (in giveness, the atonement, the world to Volume II) special reports on the come, and the significance of Jesus'

evangelical movement, the situation personality. The fact that the book in different countries and the attitude is a recasting of one's thinking puts of the people toward the evangelical a burden on the writer to generate a Church. The problems, policies and new and enthusia8tic spirit for the future program for Christian work carrying out of his evangelistic pur- deal with the Church and the com- pose-in which respect he fails.

munity, religious education, litera- J. F. R.

ture, the relation between native and A Daughter of the Samurai. Etsu Inagaki. Sugimoto. 8vo. 314 pp. $3.00. New foreign workers, cooperation and York. 1925. unity.

These two volumes are a vast store- This fascinating biogmphy is at house of facts that will repay careful the same time a most interesting book study. on Japan. .After a careful reading we Holy Places and Precious Promises. L. R. do not see where criticism could be Scarborough. 179 pp. $1.60. New York. fairly offered. The life story of this 1924. daughter of the Samurai begins with The president and professor of her childhood home and experiences, goes on through her young womanevangelism in the Southwestern Bap- hood, her conversion to Christianity, tist Theological Seminary gives here her coming to America, her marriage a record of sacred associations formed to a Japanese who was already in this country, the birth of two children, on a trip through Palestine in 1923. the death of her husband, and her The combination of impressions and varied experiences and observations in America, where she is now Instruccomments on scripture passages does tor in Japanese Language and His- tory in Columbia University, New not give much that is new, yet the York. This delightful book takes us book is of earnest devotional char- straight to the heart of the Japanese and makes vivid their lives, their moacter. The writer says: "My purpose tives, their manners and customs, their patriotism and their religion. is to lead you from the places dear to Of course all Japanese homes and all Christian hearts to the dearer and women are not like those described in this book, but neither are all Amermore precious doctrines gathering about these places." He takes the reader from Bethlehem to Nazareth, the Horns of Hattin, Capernaum, Gethsemane, Calvary, Joseph's Tomb, and Olivet. J. F. R.

Christian Salvation. George Cross. $2.50. ican homes and worn e n ideal.

254 pages. ,Chicago. 1925. Madame Sugimoto is a high type of This work opens' a1 an unusually the intelligent and cultured women of able and stimulating study of salva- Japan. In this time of prevalent in- tion. It offers a fresh treatment of ternational prejudices and suspicions, old theological ideas, putting its it is good to read a book like this with formulre in new terms in a way that its gracious account of the develop- quickens the reader's mind and often ment of a character which would challenges to deeper thinking. Dr_ justly be considered beautiful and Cross examines critically the various winning in any land. The English Christian theories of salvation, includ- style is so fine that the reader marvels that it could have been acquired by imals, utensils, implements and other one who had to learn our language objects associated with Bible times. after arriving at young womanhood. .Any discriminating student will find As a gift book f(} a young lady, this here a wealth of information but· volume could not easily be surpassed. many Bible scholars will dissent from some of the positions taken. A. J. B.

The New Standard Dible Diotionary. The Aim of Jesus Christ. A Critical In- quiry for the General Reader. William Edited by Melanchthon W. JaeobuB, D.D., Prof. Edward E. Nourse and Dr. Andrew }'orbes Cooley. 211 pp. $2.00. New C. Zenos. Maps and Illustrations. Quar- York. 1925, to. 989 pp. $7.50 cloth; $8.50 buckram; Professor Cooley, instructor in $12.5(}, three quarters morocco. Thumb Philosophy in Columbia, seeks to show index 75 cents extra. New York and the purpose of Jesus in His life and London. 1926. work for the benefit of the non-tech- nical reader. The book is written en- .A scholarly, informing and evan- tirely from the modernist point of view. Scientific positivism the author ~ooaelluicealtoBaibnlye Dictionary is of immense calls it. The ethical aim is to recon- Bible student, lea,rned or struct Jesus' objective and so throw light on present-day problems, espeunlearned. The editors of this new cially those relating to the issues of civilization, the Church, its mission volume are well known for their in- and duty. While well written it is doubtful if the interpretation of telligent scholarship and Christian scripture passages will be accepted by any but pronounced modernists. faith. Their work includes brief, but J. F. R. helpful, information on points of his- tory, geography, biography, arche- ology and social life in Bible lands as well as facts relating to books of the Bible. doctrines, s~cts and religious problems. The volume is not ultra- conservative, or ultra-liberal, but seeks to present the views of reverent Psychology and The Church. By Various students who accept many of the con- Writers. 203 pp. $1.50. New York.

clusions of the so-called "higher crit- 1925.

ics," especially on Old Testament Pastors of churches and Bible questions. The story of Creation, for teachers will find it helpful to read instance, is considered as containing two different accounts by separate and re-read this book. Each of the authors and as not in harmony with five chapters is an essay on some well modern science. The idea of the nat- defined phase of the general theme; "The Psychological Standpoint and ural evolution of religious ideas pre- its Limitations;" "The Progress and vails throughout the treatment of Old Testament subjects. The Book of Present Position of the Study of Psy- Deuteronomy is taken to be of late chology; " "T h e Psychology of authorship and found in the temple Prayer and Religious Experience;" in the reign of Josiah. The Book of "The Psychology of Moral Develop- Daniel is placed in the Maccabean pe- ment ;" "The Psychology of Spir- riod and is not considered historical; itual Healing." Jonah is taken as a parable. The This science is producing much that is helpful in the way of new methods, Gospel of John is accepted as authen- and is putting new instruments into tic and the work of the Apostle. The the hands of men by which they may vu-gin birth of Jesus and His deity influence their fellow beings. The and resurrection are alS(} strongly up- essay on prayer, and the chapter on held. spiritual healing are particularly This dictionary is a handy one-vol- well written. The balanced judg- ume work of reference and contains a ment of the writers is to be com- number of good maps and many illus- mended. J. F. R.

trations of monuments, buildings, an- (Continued on 3d cover.)

MISSIONARY LIBRARY Chinese Heroes in Legend and

William Munn. 94 pp. Is, 6d. Chnrch (Continued) Missionary Soeiety. London. 1926.

Christian World :Builders. Erwin Shaver. New Standard Bible Dictionary. Illus· 58 pp. Chicago. 1925. trated. 989 pp. $7.50. Funk & Wagnalls Co. N ew York. 1926,. Christian Young People and World Friend- ship. Erwin Shaver. 58 pp. Chicago. Bethesda. Anonymous. 299 pp. $2.00. 1925. Stratford Co. ·Boston. 1926.

These pamphlets suggest an excel- Christianity and Divorce. Frank H. Nor· lent plan for the project method in cross. 42 pp. 50 cents. Stratford Co. young people's groups. There is a Boston. 1926. lack of specific data and some instances of how such methods have The Bible as Missionary HandbOOk. Henry worked out in actual practice would strengthen the impact of this little A. Laphnm. 129 pp. 48 Ga. Heffer. manual. Source material is given, and some references are furnished. Cambridge, England. 1925.

J. F. R. What is Faith1 J. Gresham Machen. 251 pp. $1.75. Macmillan Co. New York. Reality in Worship. Willard L. Sperry. 1925. 346 pp. ~i2,.50. Ne'" York. 1925. The Task in Japan. August Kttrl Reis· Services of public worship may be chauer. 231' pp. $1.50. Fleming H. greatly improyed by the suggestions Revell 00. New York. 1926. in this book. Such chapters as "Reality in Worship" and "Worship as The Quest for God in China. F. W; S. Art and Science" will be very re- O'Neill. 264 pp. $2.50. George H. warding to the thoughtful pastor, Doran Co. New York. 1926. though one may not agree with all Dr. Sperry's judgments. He notes The Spirit-Ridden Konde. A R~cord of with concern the constant emphasis Twenty·four Years' Residence among on the scientific approach to Chris- These Shy Inhabitants of the Lake Nyasa tianity and feels that the preacher Region. D. R. Mackenzie. Illustrated. needs more of the artist's view of Map. 318 Pl'. 218. Seeley, Service Co. life. He makes a plea for the objec- London. ID25. tive rather than the purely subjective view, and suggests forms and liturgies South Africa: People, Places and Problems. to help the worshipper. J. F. R. W. H. Dawson. illustrated. 460 pp. 168. Longmans. London. 1925. NEW BOOKS Oriental Missions in British Columbia. N. The Unfinished Task of Foreign Missions. Lascelles Ward and H. A. Hellaby. Illus· R<lbert E. Speer. 348 pp. $2.75. Flem· trated. 128 Pl'. 38. Society for the ing H. Revell Co. New York. 1926. Propagation of the Gospel. London. 1925.

The Cost of a New World. Kenneth The Jew and Jesus. W. J. Conper. 24 pp. Maclennan. 185 pp. $1.00. Missionary 6d. United Free Church of Scotland. Education Movement. New York. 1926. Edinburgh and Glasgow. 1925.

How Shall Country Youth :Be Served r H. The Encyclopredia of Islam. Edited by M. Th. Houtsma, A. J. Wensinck, T'. W. Paul Douglass. 259 pp. $2.5.0. George Arnold, H. Basset and A. Shaade. 769· H. Doran Co. New York. 1926. 832 pp. 58. Bri!1 in Leyden and Luzac in London. 1925. Life Story of Alice Culler Cobb. Mary CuI· ler White. 240 pp. $1.50. Fleming H. A Concise Dictionary of Eastern Religion: Revell Co. New York. 1925. Being the Index Volume to The Sacred Books of the Ea8t. Edited by M. Winter- Diagnosing the Rural Church. C. Luther lIit.. 21s. Milfol·d. London. 1925. Fry. 234 pp. $1.50. George H. Doran Co. New York. 1924. The Quest for God in China. F. W. S.

A Survey of the Missionary Occupation of O'Neill. 272 pr. 7s 6d. Allen& Unwin. Egypt. With a special section on Cairo, by S. M. Zwemer. H. E. Philips. Charts. LOll<lon. 1925. Diagrams. Map. 20 pp. Nile Mission Press. Cairo, Egypt. 1924. Chinese Ancestor Worship: A Study of its Meaning ani! its Relations with Chris- tianity. James Thayer Addison. Intra· duction by Dr. Hawks Pott. 85 pp. 30 ~ents. Chung Hna Sheng Kung Hui. Tokyo, Japan. 1925.

Ventures in Inter-American Friendship. Samuel Guy Inman. 143 Pl'. 50 cents. Missionary Education Movement. New York. 1925.

is what leading students everywhere

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The Missionary Review of the World — June 1925

CLASS FOR FOREIGN BOY'S AT KANNAPOLIS, NORTH

Deaf? A post-card Visit World Missions brings joy of in the Far Ea&t under the leadership of good hearing again Dr. Harlan P. Beach Amazing Invention enables deaf to Party sails from San Francisco Sept. hear instantly 26, 1925; returns to Boston March 9, 1926. Sent on Ten Days' Free Trial The outstanding institutions of all Some folks imagine that deafness is Iherely a denominations will be visited. Such a personal annoYance. But it's far more than tour will give you a grasp of World that. It ruins the disposition. Upsets the Missions not otherwise obtainable. nerves. And taxes the health. A Famous Missionary Statesman Now science baa proven it is needless to re- writes; "I know of no one eitfter in Amermain deaf. A remarkable little personal hear- ica 01" upon any other continent so well fitted ing aId bas been perfected by a group of to be the educational director of a cruise New York sCientists. Immediately restores good through mission lands as is Harlan P. Beach. hearIng even to the poorest ears, Results are His ability as a lecturer is widely known Imm~di.ate-there is no waiting-no delay-no across this country. his knowledge of the danger. You hear at once–clearly, distinctly. mission field is unmatched by any living man, naturally, and he himself has visited missions over and over again and knows the whole problem The inventors are so SUre you will be elated from A to Z. Any group can be congratuwith this wonderful little discovery that they lated who can be under the leadership of Dr. offer to send it to you without a string of any Beach upon a tour through mission fields." kind-for ten days' free trial. No red tape– no deposit-no C. O. Do's of any kind. To take For full information address; advantage of this liberal trial offer, . simply write to the Dictograph Products Corporation, PROF. ALBERT E. BAILEY Department 1306-c 220 West 42nd Street, New York City. In justice to yourself. please do Care Temple Tours this now. 441-C Park Sq. Bldg., Boston, Mass. It you have lost hope through other methods, we are even more anxious to have you try this remarkable little invention. For it will not tail you; and there is nothing for you to lose. Simply send name and address noW.

IF YOU WANT A Missionary Education Tours THING DONE WELL "One seeing is worth a hundred telling," Do -It Yourself When you purchase Annuity CRUISE TO ALASKA Agreements you administer your own estate Leaving Los Angeles July 31, San Francisco August 1, and Seattle Au- When you make a Will, you gust 5. let others do it Inclusive cost $165 and up, according .ror further information write to : to length of trip and point of de- parture. Morri. W. Ehne., Treasurer. Board 01 Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 150 Annual tours to Alaska, the Orient, Filth Avenue. New York. N. Y. South America, Australia, the South Sea Islands, Egypt and Palestine. W. J. Elliott, Treasurer, Board of Home Mis_ sions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episco- Reservations and tickets secured for pal Church, 170 I Arch Street, Philadelphia. independent travel.

For prices, itineraries and further in- formation address JOHN COBB WORLEY Travel Secretary Missionary Education Movement 150 Fifth Ave., New York 517 Western Mutual Life Bldg. Los Angeles Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 1ll writing to advert1sers. THE MISSIONARY Review 0 f the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON. Editor CONTENTS FOR JUNE, 1925 FRONTISPIECE …….. HELPING TO MA.KE 'L'HE STI!.A.NGERS AT Hm.1E IN AME&JCA Page 421 EDITORIAL,S …………………………………………………….. 429' AT THE MONTEVIDEO CoNGRESS CIIRISTIAN INFLUENcm IN DOSHISHA UNl- 433 THE OlIRlSTJAN SITUATION IN VERSITY 437 INDIA TWENTY-FIVE YEARS W]TH THE AMER- 443 445 ICAN BoARD 451 "I WAS A STRANGER"-IN AMERIOA ………….. FRFJ) HAMILTON RINDGE 457 The story of what some foreigners have e'xperienced in America Qnd of the in- 458 fluence of some Christians in manifesting f,·iena.hip. 459 462 ARAB REACTION TOWARD CHRIST' …..•…………… PAUL W. HARRISON 46& The author of "The Arab at Home" ae8criiJes the ,JJay in which Moslems of 470 Arabia loola upon Christ, and their recepti"n of the Gospel as proalaimed by the 473 missionaries. 476, 4941 AFRICAN ICE CREAM ……………………………….. GEOItGE SCHWAB An interesting picture of African life, sho1"ing some of the results of missionary contacts.

THE RAUSA PEOPLE AND THEIR LANGLTAGE …………… C. F. BEITZEL .A brief account of one of the most virile and important races of north-central Africa.

CAN CHRISTIANITY SOLVE THE RACE PROBLEMf ………………….. An article based on five important books of t-he year: Christianity and the Race Problem, The Clash of Color, Race and Race Relations, Of One Blood, and The Negro from Africa to America.

WOMAN'S PLACE IN THE MISSIONARY EINT'ERPRISE ……………… . … .. … ……. …….. . . .. .. .. . . ……. . . .. .. . MRS. CHARLES K. RoYS A verbatim report of one of the leading addresses gi'uen at th,] recent Foreign Missions Convention at Washington, D. C., – a strong case for woman's leader- ship_ ONE GIRL'S INFLUE.NCE IN BRAZIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MR3. EDWARD LANE HOSP]1TAL EVANGELISM IN KOR},A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. G. FLETCHER A unique and successful method of Chr-istian worla in connection with the min- istry of healing.

THE TRUTH ABOUT THE PHILIPPINES …………………………… An article reviewing the most important book on the Philippines of recent years, written and reviewed by missionaries of !Vide experience.

THE POWER OF A GOSPEL PORTIONETTE ………….. ARTHUR T. UPSON BEST MEITHODS ……..•…………………… EDlTEll BY MRS. E. C. CRONK THE WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULL]<)TIN …………………………

THE WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BUI,IJETIN ……………. .•………..

NEWS FRIOM MANY LANDS…………………………………. ……

THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY ……..•…………………………….•.

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Robert E. Speer, President William I. Chamberlain, VIce-President D.lavaa L. PlersoD, Secretary Walter McDougall. Treasurer Publication ollie., ad " RelI7 sr.., Harrlaburl, Pa. 250 & Oop:r $2.60 a :ra..r Editorial and Bulin…. Olllce, 156 Fifth ATe….e, New Yorll: Clt:r .aWl-eel u .aaonll-oI…. _ttlr at the POlt Olllce, Harrleburl. PL, under Aet. of Marel!. 8. 1171. HARTFORD PERSONALS T. Z. Koo, a secretary of the World's SEMINA:RY FOUNDATION Student Christian Federation, and for some years one of the secretaries of the National Hartford, Conn. Y. M. C. A. Council of China, is now in America. He rep"esent,ed the Anti·Opium W. DOUGLAS MACKENZIE, President Assoe;ation at the Geneva Conference, and made a profound impression at the student Theological Seminary conference in Manchester as well as in other Dean, X. W. JacobuB · places in England. School of Religious Pedagogy DR. FAYETTE A. MCKENZIE, president of Dean. E. H. Knight Fisk University, Nashville, Tenn., has re- cently resigned. There has been some agio Xennedy School of Missions Dean. E. W. Capen · . . tation among the students and alumni in Through these associated schools :E:.lartford favor of having a Negro president. offers full training lor HENR.Y S. NINDE, the oldest living Y. M. 1. The Christia.n Ministry. C. A. secretary, celebrated his ninetieth 2. Religious Educs.tion and Social Service. birthday on April 16th, and on March 12th S. The Foreign Field. · . . he and MI'S. Ninde had their sixty·fifth wed- Each school has its independent faculty and its own lnstitutiQnal life and together they form. ding anniversary. one interdenominational institution with the unity of a common aim and spirit. BISHDP MOTODA, of the diocese of Tokyo of the Protestant Episcopal Church, reo The plan for a group of eight buildings f,?r the Foundation is being carried out. Maekenz16 · . . cently visited China in the interests of the Hall. the woman's, dormitory, is already completed and occupied under direction of the Dean .Tapnne8e living in that count-ry. of Women, Mrs. Lester McLean, Jr. Construe– tion has begun on Knight Hall, a classroom REv. HmE KIN, pastor of thl" Chinese building, and Avery Hall, the library. · . . Presbyterian Church in New York City, has been forced by ill~health to resign.

REV. GILBERT N. BRINK, General Secre· tary of the Baptist Publication Society, to whom a year's leave of absence was granted in October in the hope that he might reo cover his health, has presented his resigna· tion.

~orbon BISHOP SCOT1' of the North China and Shantung Mission of the Society for the Propagati()n of the Gospel celebrated On September 21st, the completion of a service of fifty years in t;'i'!,a.

REV. JDSEPH CI.ARK, of the American Baptist Mission, has returned to America on furlough after forty-five years of missionary service on the Congo. When he went out in 1880 there was not one Christian native in his district. Now thousands of men and · . . women are seeking to follow Christ and many are helping to spread the Good News. OBITUARY JAMES BOYD NEAL, M.D., for forty years a medical missionary in Shantung Province, A Graduate School of Theology China, of the Presbyterian Church in the and Missions, of high scholastic standards and evangelical loyalty . U. S. A., died in Philadelphia, February Degree of B.D. 4tll, in his seventieth year. During his servo Theological, Missionary, Religious-Educational College course ice in Ohina he acted as President of the of 4 years,college standards, hroad China Medical Missional'y Association, Dean of the interdenominational school of medi- cine at Tsinanfu, which later was merged into the medical department of Shantung University, and finally as President of the University. •• curriculum. Degree of Th. B. MR. T'HEODOR.E D, RWGS, for some years a missionary of the Ameriean Board, and NATHAN R. WOOD, President treasurer of the An>1tolia Oollege, Turkey, GORDON COLLEGE OF THEOLOGY died near Boston on April 9th, while pre- AND MISSIONS paring for his return to Turkey. Mr. Riggs Boston, Massachusetts was a grandson of Dr. Eli>1s Riggs and of Rev. R. G. O. Dwight of Constantinople. His father was Rev. Edward Riggs of Marsovan.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW 0'11' THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. A NOON-DAY RELIGIOUS SHOP MEETING FOR MEN HELPING TO flfAKE THE STRANGERS AT HOME IN AMERICA (See page 429)

mEMrS~IONARY

mw~ VOL. JUNE, 1925 NUMBER XLVIll SIX , AT THE MONTEVIDEO CONGRESS C HRISTIAN work in South America, its needs, progress and the plans for its advancement were the subjects for considera- tion by the representatives of the Protestant and Evangelical movement on this continent held in Montevideo, March 29th to April Bth. One of the delegates from North America, Mr. VV. Reginald Wheeler, of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, writes of this Congress as follows: "Uruguay, politically speaking, is the Switzerland of South America. Here the representatives of the other republics of the continent can meet to discuss topics of common interest and con cern without exciting national rivalries or competition. Nearly one third of the population of a million and a half live in the capital, Montevideo, on the broad estuary of the River Plate, which has the reputation of being one of the most healthful, progressive and beautiful of South American cities….

" We were impressed by the sturdiness of the men of Montevideo and by the space given to football fields and recreation parks. At the last Olympics at Paris, the Uruguayan soccer football team emerged the champions of the world, and no South American republic is more advanced in its legislation and efforts on behalf of public health and social I'lervice. The Pocitos Hotel, where the Congress meetings were held, is situated outside the city on the beach, and was an ideal place for the conference.

"At the Congress there were 165 delegates, 19 affiliated delegates, 10 invited guests, and 121 visitors. Eighteen nations were represented, ten from South America, five from Europe- France, Spain, Portugal, Italy and Switzerland; one from Central America; two from North America, the United States and Canada. There were 13 denominations represented with 36 different societies and organizations, Methodists, Presbyterians, and Disciples of Christ 421

having the largest number of delegates. Of the 194 delegates and invited guests, 140 came from South America and 67 of them were representatives of the National Churches.

"At Panama in 1916 most of the delpgates were from North America; but in Montevideo most of them were from South America. The commission reports in 1916 were prepared chiefly in the North, but these have been written chiefly in the South. The committee chairmen and members of commissions were largely from South America and the important Business Committee had 21 of its 29 members from the South. Dr. Robert E. Speer, Chairman of the Committee of Arrangements, who was Chairman of the Congress at ranama, relinquished the speaker's chair on the first morning to Sr. Erasmo Braga, a Brazilian, after the latter's election to the office of Permanent Chairman. This was symbolic of the transfer being made today in control of the Protestant Movement in these countries from North American to South American hands.

"The topics discussed were marked by their breadth of interest -Education; Evangelism; Social Movement!>; Health Ministry; The Church in the Community; Unoccupied Fields; Indians; Religious Education; Literature; Relations between Foreign and National Workers; Special Religious Problems; Cooperation and Unity. The four of these topics that drew the most attention were evangelism, health ministry, education and social movements. The need of evangelizing the Indians, especially the non-Spanish and non-Portuguese speaking Indians, was emphasized. The Brazilian Government sent Dr. Horta Barbosa, the head of its Indian Department, to represent it at the Congress, and he and Mr. Dinwiddie, and Mrs. vValter C. Roe, made important contributions toward the solving of this problem. The need of reaching the student classes and the varied methods through which the Gospel can best be broadcasted were presented and discussed.

"One of the resolutions passed by the Congress with reference to social movements in South America indicates the nature of this report: "Jesus calls us to a universal brotherhood; peace in industry and between the nations: economic security for all: the uplift of the classes of society that lack opportunity: the awakening of the belated races; the moral enrichment of all peoples by means of a fcree exchange of scientific and spiro itual discoveries; the complete realization of our highest human possibilities. The realization of these ideals depends upon our making universal brotherhood a recognized and practical fact. The Congress therefore calls on all Christian people to cleanse their hearts of all suspicion, all prejUdice and all selfishness; to begin now to treat all men as true brothers; to keep alive the spirit of goodwill in schools and churches; to oppose all forms of discord between national and international groups; to establish personal contacts with men of different beliefs, different social conditions and national affiliations, so that there may be a leaven of brotherhood throughout the continent; to study sympatheticaJly human activities in other lands, in order that under-

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

standing ainndevkenroywllaenddgehemraeyreeplirmesiennatteedatllhesruespmicaiyonbeantdheladcekveolfopcmonefnidt eonfce~ and that consciousness whose touchstone is thc Golden Rule of Christ."

"The Congress bore striking witness to the growth and power of the Protestant Movement in South America during the past two decades.

1903 1924 Evangelical Missionaries ………….. . 750 2,105 National Evangelical Ministers ……… . 1,100 2,306 Communicants Enrolled ………….. . 32,000 122,559 Total Protestant Community ………. . 65,000 251,196 1906 1924 Organized Churches ………………. 856 1,283 Communicant Members ……………. 91,000 122,559 "The largest advance has been made in Brazil; Argentina and Chile follow next. In Brazil, the Presbyterian Church at its last assembly reported more than 21,000 members, with the Independent Presbyterian Church recording about 9,000 more. These two Presbyterian Churches contributed over $200,000 toward their work in 1923.

"There are still vast unoccupied areas on the continent and certain classes and groups are not yet reached. The Protestant Movement has followed in general the coast line, but a vast region, equalling four-fifths of the total area of South America, totalling about 6,000,000 square miles, contains wide ranges untouched vitally by Christian agencies. This continent ·within a continent equals more than a third of all Asia, more than a half of all Africa. It constitutes for Evangelical Christianity the largest geographical expanse of unworked territory to be found on the face of the earth.

"An impression made by the Congress upon the delegates was that of the true unity and fellowship with one another and with Christ. Not once did there arise serious disagreements. Dr. Mackay of Lima, Peru, struck the keynote when he said that we should love the living, loving Christ, we should love one another, and accept the full consequences of such love and allegiance.

" 'Our message is to be prophetic rather than sacerdotal; the living word of the living Christ to living men, the essence of Christianity being not a rite, nor a creed, but communion with the living God and service of men as our brothers, growing out of the inspiration and fellowship of that communion.' "

[A fuller report of this Congress is expected in our next number from Dr. Robert E. Speer.-ED.]

THE CHRISTIAN SITUATION IN INDIA nAS IS well known, the people of India are "very religious," but they are far from Christian. Following the long years of ignorance of Christ's teachings and spirit, and of bitter hostility to Christian missions, there has dawned, however, a period of better understanding and deeper sympathy with Christ's character and ideals. Christianity has had a great influence in changing many Indian customs and many leaders consider Jesus the greatest religious force in India today. His influence has been to purify the native religions and customs, even though men have refused to acknowledge openly His deity and Lordship. Reforms have taken place among Hindus, calling for an abandonment of idolatry, childmarriage, caste and temple immorality.

The Christians are increasing proportionately much more rapidly than the population, but not numerically. Some missionaries feel that the missionary methods of the past are not adequate for the present; that the Christian message needs to be presented more in its original Oriental form and that Indians must be given more freedom in its interpretation and expression. The Occidental form of Christian truth and organization is proving a hindrance to Indian minds, but the essential message of Christ· to sinners is welcomed. This message must be the vital truth of God's love and life offered to men in Jesus Christ and must be related to the history and beliefs and every-day needs and experience of those to whom the message is addressed. Too often the Christian Gospel has been given a Western background, dress and outlook. The presentation of Jesus Christ llimself as the revelation of God is supremely needed. He must be the living Jesus of the Gospels with His deity, His miracles, His parabolic teaching, His godlike holiness and sympathy, His atonement by the sacrifice of Himself, His gift of new life by faith and His aSSUl'anee of eternal life through His resurrection from the dead. Jesus Himself must be the center and circumference of the Christian message.

India has shown her readiness to listen to this message. Mahatma Gandhi is honored for his advocacy of the principles of Jesus. Even lecturers from the West who exa1t Christ are listened to by multitudes with sympathetic attention and respect. The Christian Patriot of Madras, edited by an Indian Christian, says of the lectures on "Jesus" delivered by Rev. Charles "Y. Gilkey of Chicago: "The intensity of interest and unflagging attention . . . was maintained at white heat. . . . It is Jesus, Jesus, and Jesus again that India will listen to . . . not to any other claims, institutions or ecclesiasticisms.' , India also will respond to Christian teaching related to the real, present-day life and problems of India. There has been too often a union of Indian Christians with Western forms of life and edu-

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

cation rather than the injection of Christian life into Indian communities. Ostracism, persecution and lack of sympathy have separated Indian Christians from their neighbors in a way that has made them seem foreign and has made their religion seem to belong to foreigners. The" salt" that seasons must be in close contact with the mass that needs to be saved. Many missionaries also believe that whatever may have been the reasons in the past for paying Indian evangelists with Western money, this method should be gradually discontinued. The Indian Christians should, like the Christians of Apostolic days, be taught to act as unpaid evangelists wherever they are, supporting themselves by their own labor or receiving the free-will contributions of the people among whom they serve. The Indian Christians need to be trained, as do Christians everywhere, in voluntary service and systematic giving.

Rev. James F. Edwards, editor of Dnyanodaya, published in Poona, India, says in the course of a recent address: "As far' back as many of us can remember the Christian Church in the West has been praying that God would show to His Church an 'open door' in the East, that His Spirit might so work on the hearts of millions in the Orient that they would be ready to listen to the message of His Loving Son, and so lead the way to the Christianizing and evangelizing of the whole of the mighty East. All we read the signs of the times we are unable to resist the conclusion that God has answered the greater part of this prayer and that in India there is already the widespread preparedness that has been prayed for by earnest Christians everywhere. The evidence for this is manifold. It will be tragic if, with this truly great and unique situation upon us, we, the followers of Christ, whether missionaries or Indian leaders, are found unequal to the task of leading India's most influential men and movements to Christ, and if one of the biggest opportunities ever offered to the Church should pass away without being used to the fullest possible measure.

"The Indian President of the National Missionary Society of India, in speaking on 'The Missionary Responsibility of the Church in India,' said: 'Leaders of Indian thought and opinion all over the country are today looking up to Jesus with growing regard and admiration, and there is an unprecedented preparedness on their part to listen to the really vital gospel message. . . . On the other hand, the Church is not equally prepared on her part for an advance towards non-Christian India. There are large sections of the Church whose attitude towards evangelism is one of apathy, not to speak of some who are even anti-pathetic. While non-Christian India is saying like the Greek delegation, 'Sir, we would see J es~£s,' the Church is not ready to take the place of Andrew and Philip. The common complaint is that while Jesus Christ attracts people, the Church repels them. To build a more Christlike Church in India must be the supreme duty of missionaries and Indian Christians alike and the task will call for their closest possible cooperation in every sphere of work.' "

Another hindrance to Christianity in India, one that has often been mentioned, is the life of many Europeans and Americans who are looked upon by the Indians as Christians. It is difficult for this

influence to be counterbalanced by the consistent lives of many whose example, testimony and service has been notably Christlike.

For Christ to conquer India, the lives of His people must be more in harmony with His Book. The first place must be given to the Bible as the guide of life and the authoritative history of Jesus and His message. Missionaries or Western teachers who ~ast doubt or discredit upon the Book that has been translated and placed in the hands of the people discredit themselves as messengers of Christ. The editor of Dnyanodaya truly says: "India is turning to the Bible for a correct idea of Jesus, and India is also insisting on what one leading Indian Christian speaks of as 'India's right to interpret Jesus and His" path of salvation" in its own way.' This is clear from a thousand facts that appear daily, facts which illustrate the astonishingly unique position occupied by the Bible among India's remarikable religious literature."

It is the Church of Christ in India that mUi'lt be given the Bible and must be given the opportunity to interpret the teachings of Christ and to apply them to daily problems, conduct and the promotion of Christianity. The young Church must be allowed to grow, to suffer, to learn, to try its strength, to realize its dependence on God and its responsibility to Him. Christianity must pervade Indian life and customs, Indian literature and law, Indian industry and politics, Indian family and social life, Indian education and religion.

The Christians of India are capable of great spiritual development, of remarkable self-sacrifice and of large achievements. They need education; they need concrete example and encouragement; they need to see that Western Ohristians practiee as well as teach absolute dependence on God and His Word for guidance and for power to live in harmony with the teachings of their Divine Master. Christianity is unique in its Way of Life through forgiveness of sin brought by the sacrifice of Christ, the Son of God, on the CrosFl. India has nothing like this, but India can understand this Gospel. The Holy Spirit can bring Indian Christians into a realization of the power of God in the life that now is and for the life that is to come.

OHRISTIAN INE'LUENOE IN DOSHISHA UNIVERSITY I N February, on the eve of the semi-centennial celebration of the founding of Doshisha University by Joseph Hardy Neeisma, a disturbance took place which was said to be due to the President's plan to strengthen the Christian purpose and spirit of the institution. This was founded by a Ohristian Japanese as a Christian college, but the effort to establish a high educational standard in all of the departments has led to the employment of a large number of non-Christian teachers who are not in sympathy with the Christian purpose and program. In order to maip.tain the Ohristian

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

character of a missionary institution, professors are sometimes selected from Ohristians not properly qualified to teach. This naturally creates much dissatisfaction on the part of students. Those who are inclined to be radical and rationalistic also object to all religious influence in their education. There was some opposition to education through the English language and the application of the so-called "Dalton System" of education in the University. These plans are, however, favored by the graduates.

The trouble seems to have been largely due to misunderstanding on the part of certain non-Ohristian professors and students concerning the movement for reform in pedagogy and discipline. The rumor was started that the President intended to get rid of non- Ohristian teachers and professors, of whom there are a considerable majority in some of the departments. There was a short-lived effort to secure the resignation of the President and the Dean, but the misunderstanding has been cleared up and peace restored. Large numbers of Japanese have entered the school in the spring term so that the problem. is how to provide for them.

One thoroughly familiar with the educational work in Japan, says: My judgment in regard to having a large number of non-Christian professors is that if you have such a situation you do not, in fact, have'a Christian institution. .. It is difficult in any case. So many of the first generation Christians are inclined to compromise with their non-Christian environment and pander to it, as was true in the early days of Christianity …

But it is no easy task to find qualHied Christians. There seems to be a lack somewhere in preparing such professors. The Government has its normal and higher normal schools but there is no such institution among the Christian institutions. .. This is one of the subjects for conference in connection with the next annual meeting of the F'ederation of Christian Missions …

There was a strike in another missionary school in Japan last fall because the institution was not Christian enough. The students were displeased with a dean who seemed to be lowering the Christian colors in order to get numbers and a larger sum in fees.

Some of us are more and more coming to the conclusion that largeness spells defeat of our Christian pnrpose in mission instit.utions. With a small number, say about three hundred and fifty or four hundred, we can keep the institutions Christian and permeate the student body with Christian ideals and Christian cosmology. Above that nnmber, the problem becomes increasingly impossible …

This raises again the question of the wisdom of employing a large number of non-Ohristian teachers in a Ohristian missionary institution in order that the scholastic standards may be maintained. It is difficult in a non-Ohristian land to secure a sufficient number of properly trained Ohristian professors. The effort to reach the standards required for government recognition and to enable the institution to offer educational opportunities under Ohristian auspices to as large a number as possible, has led some to adopt a policy that seems to many to compromise the distinctly Ohristian character of

higher educational missionarv institutions. It is difficult to avoid the tendencies of the time au'd in some cases the good has become the enemy of the best. Intellectual standi.ng should never be empha·· sized at the expense of the evangelical Christian message and influence. In most of the missionary institutions, however, the Christian character and training have been kept to the fore. In Doshisha University a few months ago Rev. Paul Kanamori conducted a very fruitful evangelistic campaign.

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS WITH THE AMERICAN BOARD D R. EDWARD C. MOORE, in a recent address, reviewed the twenty-five years of his experience with the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. He was elected a member of the Prudential Committee in 1899, became chairman in 1905 and president of the Board in 1914. Among the prominent men active in the Board and in the missions in 1899 were Dr. Samuel B. Capen, Dr. Judson Smith, Mr. D. Willis James, Dr. George Washburn and Dr. Elias Riggs of Turkey, Dr. Daniel C. Green and ,T. H. DeForest of Japan. Professor Moore says that the Prudential Committee has stood for a conservative type of theology but that theological views have not weighed in consideration of men for membership on the Board or in the acceptance of candidates for the field.

Among the notable historical events that have transpired in this period are the Boxer uprising in China, the capture and release of Ellen Stone in Albania, the establishment of "Yale in China," the Spanish-American War and the opening of missions in the Philippines, the Turkish Revolution and the Armenian massacres, the revolutions in China, the Shanghai Missionary Conference, the Edinburgh Conference, and the establishment of National Christian Coullcils in Japan, China and India. In America the "Laymen's Missionary Movement" and the "Interchurch World Movement" have come and gone.

Great progress has been made in medical and in higher educational work and in the employment of native workers during this period. The first year's receipts of the Board in 1810 to 1811 were $999, while the Board Centenary Fund reached the sum of $995,000. The Woman's Board celebrated its Jubilee in 1917 and helped to raise the total receipts to $1,247,000. Then followed the period of struggle after the World War. While the income has increased to over $2,000,000, expenditures have grown even more rapidly and debt has been an almost constant handicap.

Profcs8or Moore closes his report by saying that great as is the need of money, it is "personality upon which everything turns." He warns against the passion for mechanism and high organization.

A Y. M. C. A.· BANQUET OF MANY NATfONALITIElS, PREPARING FOR

IN AMERICA "I Was a Stranger"-in America BY FRED HAMILTON RINDGF;, NEW YORK "OURSecretary of the Industrial Department, International Y. M. C. A. melting pot apparently ha~d-?oils the aliens," remarks a modern newspaper. If so, It IS O1tr fault. The Church and Christian people are in constant danger of ignoring their responsibility for concrete service among the 14,000,000 foreign- a born and 22,000,000 of foreign parentage in America. "Here are millions of strangers in strange land," wrote the late Bishop Charles D. Williams,'" "in the solitude of the crowds, torn up by the roots from their native soil, stripped of the age-long traditions and customs that surrounded them from birth, having lost their old social conventions and standards and found no new ones; church, community, often family and home gone, for many of them are single men. Is it any wonder that they often lose their moorings and are driven by gusts of passion and carried by the ideas of strange life about them to moral shipwreck~" He continued: "Then consider the foreigner's experience. Frequently he is mercilessly exploited by our industrial system, eagerly seeking cheap foreign labor. He is a mere tool to be used, perhaps to be used up, in its process and then thrown carelessly into the scrap-heap. No one cares for his soul, his personality. Even his own countrymen who have come here before him and learned something of the language and customs of the strange land, frequently use their • In his book, "The GospeJ of Fel1owship." ~9

superior knowledge to prey upon him most rnthlessly. We all know what padrones do to their own people. If an immigrant has a family and sends his children to the public schools, these children are often socially ostracized by native-born American children, or children one degree removed from foreign birth. The finger of contempt is pointed at them. They are called 'dagoes' and 'hunkies.'

"By and by, perhaps, the home itself begins to break up. The children acquire a smattering of our language and customs, particularly the 'smarty' Americanisms of the streets, and they turn with contempt on the father and mother who persist in their queer foreign ways. And so the process goes on. Is it to be wondered at that life grows confused, loses its stability and its victims are driven to recklessness or else to an ingrowing association with those they still understand, their own people f"

What a challenge! It is the duty and privilege of every church and Christian organization to help aliens realize their hope of equality, freedom and justice in America; to help them to a better understanding of community life; and to give them a practical demonstration of the spirit of our Christianity.

It is the duty and privilege of every Christian agency to discover the number and character of the foreign population of the city, to study its needs, and learn what other agencies-philanthropic, patriotic and religious-are working for its welfare. A church, Y. M. C. A. or Y. W. C. A. owes it to the development of its membership in Christian service and self-sacrifice, to interest men and women in such volunteer work as teaching immigrants the language of our country, aiding them to appreciate its laws, rights, and institutions, and giving them opportunities for adequate self-expression. Work among immigrants should be coordinated in every city by bringing together representatives of the various welfare societies. Real Christian Americanization is one of the most practical channels of home missionary service. In this work the prayer of our ~faster "that they may be one" may find fulfillment. The foreign-speaking aliens will often be suspicious of our motives. But their suspicions may be turned into implicit faith through unselfish endeavor which will help them understand that the spirit of Christ is "not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of men, but of God."

A common experience is that of a Porto Rico boy brought into touch with Christian men for the summer. Said he, "When you first gave me a: Bible, I got Him in my head. Now, I have been with you all summer, and," touching his breast, "I have Him in my heart!" A Dane, who usually spent his Sundays in carousing with his fel- low countrymen, after attending a series of religious meetings de- cided to become a Christian.. Next morning he went to his work in the steel mill where he had been for fifteen years, and said to the man next to him: "Do you know, I have the greatest joy in my life that I have even known ~ I am a changed man. I have accepted Christ."

"Oh, that is nothing new," said his frieno, "1 have been a mem-

"l925] "I WAS A STlRANGER"-IN AMERICA

ber of the church for sixteen years." "What, you a Ohristian T" said the new convert, "I don't believe it I You could never have had the joy which I have, .and kept it to yourself! I don't believe you were ever converted."

Though the Dane could not speak perfect Eng'lish, he became a real spiritual force and within a year, out of ten men who worked in his gang, seven were led to Ohrist. He was made a deacon in his church, organized a new Sunday-school and expects to give hi81ife to Ohristian Americanization work.

A Scotchman who had dug coal for twelve years in the old country and expected to do nothing else, came in touch with one of the Y. M. O. A. coal miners' Institutes. He took the mining course, passed successfully the state examination, and within eighteen months from the time he started, was promoted to a superintendency. Through the influence of the Association he cut out drink and was restored to active service in the church.

It is necessary to serve people where they are as well as where we are. A secretary thus describes some of his recent experiences: "I have spent two days on the banks of the Hudson, and find foreigners in every town along the river. In the quarrying industry, they are the men who do the hard work. Last evening a group of about sixty lfagyars came toget.her. There wa;; no place where they could meet, so we proposed to study in the open air. .A barn was WORTHY OF A WELCOME-FROM NORWAY close by, and inside two quarry carts. We asked the men to take these out. Two gasoline lamps were lighted, and I stood between these in the barn and gave the men their first lesson. Of course, with the gasoline, barn smell, and garlic, the occasion did not lack the flavor of real life. This evening the first lesson was given to a group of Italians in the store of the Italian commissariat. Inside the counter Mike Cappitala slyly dispensed 'near-beer,' and on the other side I dispensed English. We got the lesson down, but not quite as fast as the other fellows got down the beer. "

An Italian bootblack entered the Young Men's Institute in New York one nig·ht behind one of the bulky members and got into the gallery, where he watched with wondering eyes the men on the gymnasium floor. This appealed to the boy; he wanted to join, but was a year shy of the entrance age. When he had passed his sixteenth birthday, he paid his membership fee, found a class where he might learn to read and speak English, and studied hard to be on an equal

footing with the other members. From that class he went into more advanced English training, and took up mathematics. By persistent effort and by the influence of Christian friends, he has become a man of education and sterling character. He is now superintendent of one of the large life insurance companies.

There are innumerable instances that might be cited of personal service rendered to foreigners by Christian workers. Experienced volunteer workers among foreigners agree that they secure ample reward for their" work from the touching appreciation manifested. One night-school student writes: "The teachers have done the lessons so interesting that the evenings have passed as real entertainments. So far, attendance has been steady without any persisting to it. It is beyond our power of expression to say the full A COSMOPOLITAN ENGLISH CLASS PREPARING FOR CHRISTIAN CITIZENSHIP Six nationalities represented: 2 Czechs, 2 Ukranians, 2 Greeks, 1 Mexican, 2 (}ermans. 2 Austrians measure of thanks we feel. .Also it is beyond our power to carryon such work ourselves. Weare entirely dependent on you. It is my wish, if we were able in the near future, to contribute something towards the support of the work."

People from other lands hate to be patronized. Why should not the Church assume its rightful place of leadership in bringing about this universal mutual understanding and eympathyf Christian Americanization is a process of getting into tune. A symphony orchestra is composed of many players, using different instruments, but complete harmony is possible when they play in tune. America is a great orchestra of more than fifty racial groups, and harmony will be achieved only when foreign and nativeborn learn to play in tune. "I was a stranger, and ye took me in!"

Reaction Toward

BY PAUL W. HARRISON, M.D., KUWEIT, ARABIA Author of "The Arab at Home"

I T is a time of transition and confusion in Arabia, with currents and cross currents flowing in every direction. Much on the surface has no appearance of stability, and the permanent elements in the currents underneath are not easy to determine. Almost every possible reaction to the gospel message is seen, but an ominous black thread of uniformity runs through them all.

An Arab worthy of study in this connection is Mullah Fulan, a leader of the Bedouin Wahabees, an exceedingly fanatical desert sect which calls itself "The Brethren." This old blind teacher, on first acquaintance, appears to have learned nothing and forgotten nothing during the changes of the last ten years. More intimate acquaintance confirms the ~mpression that he has indeed forgotten nothing. His devotion to Islam is as unquestioning and sublime and intolerant as ever. He would sacrifice his life unhesitatingly rather than give up so much as one jot or tittle of his convictions. When war broke out recently between the desert Brethren, of whom is a leader, and the coast town where he lives, he expressed the hope pnblicly and emphatically that the town might be taken and sacked by the true believers, so that it might thereby be cleansed of its iniquities. He was imprisoned and barely escaped execution for this treason, but he bent to the storm not an inch nor restraeted so much as a syllable.

Mullah Fulan has forgotten nothing, but he has learned a great deal. He knows that the eventual success of his beloved leader, Bin Saoud, will depend upon the British allowing him a free hand. He knows that in spite of the bloodthirsty exploits of the "Brethren" their power is as that of grasshoppers in comparison with the West. All this he knows, as do the Brethren in the depths of the inland deserts, but the Gospel gains no advantage on that account. The West is not loved because it towers above the Arab in point of military strength. Rather, it is hated more cordially than ever, and its religion is hated along with everything else from that part of the world.

Upon coast Arabs the impact of Western civilization, during the past ten years, has made a far deeper impress than upon the desert Brethren. Such a man is Sheikh Abdullah who rules over one of the coast towns of Arabia. He has visited England, and been invited to inspect the great British petroleum works in Persia. His pride in things Arabic has disappeared, and now his people chafe under the rule of a sheikh who, to their mind, has lost every kingly line from the outline of his soul. He has learned a little English and wishes 433

to know more. He has a cook who can prepare an English meal. To his great delight friends from among the Britli'ih political agents and the local missionaries have secured for him a complete outfit of table cloth§, _dishes, cutlery, and glassware. Thus is his soul delighted. It is a pathetic thing to see a man, whom birth has set upon the throne of a king, bring to his task the soul of an amiable child. Does this man, who looks with no pride upon his own people with their superb racial inheritance, regard his religion with doubt and misgiving 7 He does not. Having lost much of his racial self-esteem he clings with renewed determination to the faith in which he was born. Missionaries take dinner with him and enjoy a creditable English meal. He enjoys them, but with the express understanding that religion is something that cannot be changed.

Idris is a moderately prosperous merchant, a keen well-informed man with an appetite for world news which no great number in America could equal. He sees much further below the surface of world affairs than does the ruler of his city. The tinsel of Western civilization has not fascinated him and he wastes no time on table cloths and English dinner services. He knows that the thing which his people need is modern education. Twelve years ago this man organized a school whose attendance runs into the hundreds. The management however passed out of his hands, and the more conservative element gained control, insisting on a curriculum which to his mind did not meet the needs of the situation. He proceeded with unlimited energy to the organization of a second school which should be more modern. In all this the man could make only a moderate financial contribution himself. He secured the necessary funds and cooperation from other members of the community. Even the second school did not prove to be entirely successful, for the teachers that could be secured were insufficiently trained. Undiscouraged by this unsatisfactory outcome he has recently sent four of his most promising boys to Baghdad for training as teachers so that the school may have a better quality of instruction.

What is the motive behind this man's indefatigable labors .to promote education, and protect his city and his people from the evil influence and power of the West 7 Hasi he ever thought that the religion of the West might be a beneficial contribution for his own people 7 He has not. Effort such as this in our lives might be centered around patriotism but the Arab knows no patriotism as such. All he knows is religion. As far as the mind of another can be penetrated and understood, Idris' whole motive has been the service of his religion. Neither his race nor his country constitutes the object of his loyalty. StilI less his ruler whom in fact he would be glad to see deposed. His old outlook upon the universe he will give up without a qualm. The old learning which is so prized in all Mohammedan countries he can sacrifice with no misgivings. He is

192[;] ARAB REACTION TOWARD CHRIST'

convinced that his religion is the one true faith, that it is capable of meeting every problem presented by modern knowledge and present political conditions. He has worked all his life in the service of his faith. To interpret his interest in modern education as evidence of a weakening grip on the part of his religion is to find ourselves about as far from the truth as it is possible to get.

This next man, a young man, is a brother of the director of customs. He has had a moderate amount of education and reads newspapers. His knowledge of the affairs of the world does him credit. He is pathetically friendly toward the missionaries. He will listen courteously to a discussion of Christianity. I doubt if he would resent a courteous and sincere explanation of the weak features of his own religion. But he is not therefore near to the Kingdom of God. The influx of Western civilization has exposed him to temptations that he might possibly have avoided otherwise. More probably he would not have avoided them. He is still a Moslem but his life is so flagrantly immoral and wicked that he has the respect of no one. He is friendly to the missionaries largely because lacking friendship elsewhere he is willing to accept it here.

Unfortunately this man is typical of many of these days. During the war the tide of Western civilization came in with a great rush. It is receding now and, stranded without character or faith, with nothing to cling to or believe in, thousands of these men are to be found all over Mesopotamia and to a less extent throughout the Gulf. Immorality and drunkenness were never so common even in the days of the Turks as they are now. Unbelief was never so prevalent. These men are perhaps the farthest of all from the Kingdom of God. Bound by no sanctions, ethical or social or religious, they seem to have no standard of morality whatever and the world to them is a black stormy landscape without a ray of light. Overcome by appetites and sins, they lack even the elementary faith in God which their religion once provided. It is a tribute to the extraordinary strength of Islam that these utterly stranded men form such a small percentage of the community. As the tide of Western domination recedes the great mass of people are found more or less where they were before.

Finally the rare man who is earnestly seeking the light, how does he react when brough into contact with the Gospel of Christ ¥ Such men exist and, even in the troubled times now upon us, they emerge on occasion. Their numbers indeed are larger than ever in some of our stations, notably in Mesopotamia. These men listen with interest, and look with longing upon the promised land of the Kingdom of God. They are captivated by the vision that gradually unfolds before their eyes as the missionary guides their spirits to a realization of what it is that Christ has to offer us. But more than ever they shrink from paying the price. It is a high price, and with

all the efforts of the British Government to bring in a reign of religious toleration and freedom it is doubtful if that price is substantially less than it was before. A convert does not always pay for his conversion with his life, but his life is always in great danger. Men's hearts have always quailed before such a prospect, and now more than ever they shrink from entering the Kingdom of God on such conditions. It is futile to speculate on the exact cause of this weakening of the moral fiber of the Arab. It may be that the assumption of the reins of government by aliens has weakened the Arab's rigid resolution and self-reliance. It is more likely that political changes which drive the stronger and more admirable types of men away from the vVesterner 's religion, attract weaker men.

Thus there is a black thread of uniformity running through all the bewildering variety of reception given the message of Christ in Arabia. The one thing that stands out, like the gaunt naked skeleton of an unfinished building, is the appalling undiminished grip in which Mohammedanism still holds the human heart. The outside plaster may crumble away only to make possible a more modern and attractive exterior. It may be possible that Islam is disintegrating, but no such impression is gained from experience in Arabia. It is at least equally possible, indeed far more so, that shaking off some of its handicaps under the pressure of modern word sentiment, it will emerge stronger than ever. In Turkey at least, the incubus of polygamy and free divorce appears about to be sloughed off. Such a change will not cripple Islam. It will stand forth a more formidable opponent of the Gospel than ever.

The Church of Christ faces in Islam not merely an unfinished task. She faces a task of appalling difficulty as yet scarcely begun. In the important centers of Moslem life, the voice of Christ's messenger is not even heard. There has yet to appear the first indigenous church called out by the Spirit of God from among the superb peoples now numbered among the followers of Mohammed. The campaign is being pushed by means of medical work. It is being carried forward by means of schools. We try to distribute the Scriptures far and wide. Above everything else the missionary tries so to live that, in meeting him, his Arab friends will meet Christ. What we need is not improved methods and better instruments. Our methods are not bad now, nor are the instruments impossible. We need better ones very much, but what we need above all things is power in the work, the power of God which transforms men and makes them partakers of the divine nature, converts who shall walk through the storms and fires of persecution in the power of God and not in the weakness of man, rocks like Peter upon whom Christ can build His Arabian Church. There has never been a time perhaps when the Church of Christ faced a more desperately difficult task, never a time when the prayers of God's children were more needed. BY GEORGE SCHWAB, BAKBAYEME, WEST AFRICA MJissionaJ"Y of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., 19<J5· I F you ask American boys and girls, "vVhat is better t.han ice cream on a hot day~" they will perhaps tell you "More ice cream!" In Africa it is always "a hot day." If you were to give an African boy or girl a dish of ice cream, it would be tasted and then set down.

"Do you like it ~" you ask. "It's sweet, but it's hot!" his indirect answer would be. The few into whose hauds we have given a bit of ice, obtained from some steamer stopping off our coast station, have let it fall exclaiming, "It burns!" But these chocolate-hued boys and girls have something, which to them tastes as good as does ice cream to Americans. When one starts inland from the coast, there is first the low, level, forest-covered delta plain, home of the elephant. At Edea the great Sanaga River drops seventy five feet, making a most wonderful waterfall. This is the first rise from the plain. We march on for fifty miles, up and down the" children hills" until we reach Sakbayeme. The missionary has packed his camping outfit and is about to set out to visit his people and work- MR. SCHWAB AND A GORILLA (DEAD) ers. Down the bluff, upon which is built the station, he and his carriers walk and are ferried across the river in a canoe made of a hollow log. Then up and down he goes again, first over the "father and mother" hills, then over those which are "grandfathers and grandmothers" (very high). There are no "child hills" up there.

At the top of a pass is a small village. Everyone living there is helping build a new hut for the chief of the regiou. The palm leaf thatch roof is supported by walls of poles. Women are climbing 431 up from the spring carrying gourds filled with water to moisten the brown clay which other women are bringing in small baskets from back of the new hut. More women and children and a few old men are beating the moist clay with small paddles to make a hard fioor. The chief and most of the men are talking and telling the women and children how to work.

A shout of welcome is given the missionary and his party as they come to a halt before the group. 1.;Vork ceases. Remarks are in order.

"He is thirsty. Someone go cut sugar cane!" says one. "Find a pineapple! 'White men like pineapples!" says another. "Are there no new eggs in this village f 'White men eat new eggs, not those upon which hens have set or which failed to hatch chickens. " "His men are dying of hunger. There are ripe bananas in the hut of Who-Will-Hear-Me!" "White men never get sick or die. '1'hat's becaus·e they are always eating eggs~ which are' strong medicine' against illness." ,'Look, he uses his left hand!"

"Why, all whites are left-handed! Yau are an ignorant person not to know that. That's why they are all so strong."

"He has a gun! 'White man, our own father, will you not sleep in this village tonighU And today you will kill the wild animals which destroy our gardens 1 If you refuse to do this, we shall sicken of hunger this year. There is a man here who knows where the 'meat' lives and hides in the daytime."

"Yes, yes, sleep with us this night. You'll surely kill an animal today. Our gardens and plantations will be saved!"

They continue to talk and say much more in regard to the wonderful gun and still more wonderful ability of the missionary as a hunter.

Finally it was settled that one of the carriers, who "knew hunting," was to remain behind. A man of the village, who "knew the things of animals and forests" would guide him. Then, after "words of God," the missionary went on some miles to where his people had a "town of God"-a school and chapel.

About a mile from the "town of God," pupils, who Were returning home from school, were met. One ran back fast as a deer to tell all along the path the neWs of the coming of Bango. Everyone along the way followed the latter. You'd think that he was a circus parade I When the missionary reached the" town of God," he first went to the Chief's hut to "do the things of politeness," according to the African code. Messengers went out in all directions to spread the news that" our Bango has come!" Then the missionary went to the

AFRICAN ICE CREAM

guest's hut at the school compound, which was at the other end of the village, to prepare the camp.

"Who'll g'et water from the spring? 'Who'll cut banana leaves 1" asked the head carrier.

"I will! I will!" yelled a dozen boys. "He has fish hooks! He'll give us fish hooks!" "Give me the pail! My mother has a water gourd, I'll get it!" "Where is a machete, I want to cut banana leaves!" Such is the talk. . While the camp was being prepared, with a mat of banana leaves, the people from all about had gathered. All watched the unpacking of the camp things. You should CARRYING A "FREEZER OF AFRICAN ICE CREAM" FOR A FEAST hear the yells as what looked like a bundle of sticks became a table! Another bundle of them makes a chair! A third bundle, a camp bed!

"Those whites, what skill God has put into their hearts!" "His men carry a whole village tied up in their loads!" "If I had a pot like that one, I would not need to buy a new one every time one of my clay pots falls down!" "I hope he will 'eat a can' (open a tin of something), so that I may get a thing for dipping water out of my jar!" "If he would only have an old shirt he despised and would throw it away! I'd have a new dress for Sunday." Our Africans think aloud. "Someone beat the drum. We'll enter the house of God so that I may find out who has been thinking of and learning the things of the followers of God," says the missionary. There is a rush to get the front seats; the people want to be as near as possible to their Sa'/t[Jo when he talks to them.

The sun has reached the place where one says that" it will go to bed before the evening meal bas been cooked." "You will all be here before the sun has gotten out of bed in the morningF' is the last thing the missionary says.

"And who is there that will not be awake and out before he can see his feeH" replies someone. All now leave to reach their villages by twilight.

Suddenly there is a shout and much very loud talking is heard. "What's up nowf Is there a spear :fight somewhere?" asks the missionary. Those who have not yet left rush towards the noise, to miss nothing. The yelling comes nearer. From out the bushes at the side of the guest hut, where goes the path, there come back the people who have just gone. And many more. It seems that everyone has gone crazy mad. "What is making (doing) 1" asks the missionary as he, bewildered, looks at the people, so fluiet only a few moments before. "A pig! A great wild hog! A boar! Your hunter and eight men are 'Carrying him in! Here he is, just look at his size!" So that is it. The African "Ice Cream" has come! For wild hog meat is the "ice cream" of the Basa. Boys and men have their arms around each other, dancing, jumping, yelling, mad with joy at the thought of that pig meat to eat. Girls and women are doing the same. Noone listens to anyone else. All talk. You never heard or saw the like! "My loin cloth! You are pulling it to pieces!" II My grass skirt!"

"Who ever saw such a hunter?" "I hope it is very, very fat! How I like fat meat!" IIIf my husband were a Ohristian, I could eat a piece. We poor women are deserving of pity. ·What the men like best is taboo for us."

"Look at his long tusks. If he had not been killed by that :first 1;hot. there would now be no hunter."

"Pity my brother! He cannot see this great sight. Vl11y is he not here~"

"Why will not Bango build his town here and live with usT Pig meat would be ours every day then." Thus they screamed.

The hog carriers had reached the space before the guest hut and put the pig down. The pole was pulled from under the skin. When the African carries a dead pig, he slits the very tough and thick hide of the back in four places. Thus he has two II straps" which cannot tear or break. Under these two "straps" he thrusts a long pole and off he walks.

While everyone was joy-mad and boar-meat-hungry, the missionary was not. He was mentally dividing that hog so that everyone legally entitled to some of the African "ice cream" could get

a taste. These were : the men who had carried in the hog from the forest. Native custom says thE'Y must get all of the neck. There was the chief of this place and the one from where the carriers came; the teacher and his family here and three others in villages some miles away; the men who provided the missionary's carriers with food and the women who oooked it; the influential members of the community; some guests staying with the chief-they must he made to feel that the chief is a great man, so great that the white man thinks even of his guests; fifty local school boys. No wonder the missionary was not dancing for joy with the others! .

, Now he walks over to where the "ice cream" is lying upon the ground and lifts his arm.

"Silence! Silence I Silence!. Sango is going to talk!"

In a minute you could hear a leaf fall. The laughing, excited faces have changed. Everyone was anxiously asking himself the terrible question he had not before thought of, "Am I going to get a piece ~ " Then the missionary cans one of his men, who is to be the hewer-up of the hog.

Banana leaves are laid down, the pig put on these and the hacking begins. Meanwhile a half dozen boys come running with their mother's wooden bowls to catch any blood which may come out. Not a "drop" of this "African ice cream" is to he wasted.

No one thinks of leaving. The evening cooking is forgotten. There is nothing in the world, for the moment, except those chunks of red meat. What if the machete does cut through the leaves, and' dirt gets on them! If a piece falls, there is only a lot of brown clay on it!

All crowd closer and closer, until the hacker can scarcely wield the machete. The comment and exclamations continue. At last the chunks are ready and the missionary is called to announce how the "ice cream" is to be divided. How tensely quiet all have become! "Am I going to taste it'" is the question on every shiny brown face.

The chiefs, teachers, carriers, all the rest, each one's portion is pointed out and handed over. The school boys must wait, for their portion is not yet made into morsels. More have come in. How small that piece seems for those sixty standing closely huddled and with mouths watering! The teacher has the unenviable task of dividing it into sixty equally large and desirahle bits. And he has never even heard of geometry! The boys form a squirming, wriggling, jabbering, gesticulating, loin-clothed mass, resemhling the dwellers in a disturbed ant heap. Eyes seem popping from their sockets and necks are stretched to the limit.

After a time, "now stand back and stand quietly, I'll call each one of you to come forward for his share," says the teacher. They try to obey-but each fears he may not get that precious tiny bit of pig meat and so all try to be at least second or third.

"My piece is all meat!" "Mine has some fat!" "Woe is me, there is bone in my bit!" "If there had been two pigs, then we could each have had a reaC piece!" "It is small, who'll deny this1 But today I taste meat for the first time in two moons!" "I am dying of meat hunger!" Many more such remarks follow fast. As they feel in their hearts, so they speak aloud. There is no more "ice cream" on the banana leaf; all have been "served." "What did Bango do first when he came to our village'" asks the teacher. "He first called on our chief," pipes someone. "Yes, that's what he did. And why' Because that belongs to the things of politeness. I bear shame in my heart because you have forgotten the things of politeness of the white man which I have taught you. Only two boys said to Bango, 'We are grateful.' And there are six tens of you!" Now a great shout goes up: "Oh Bango, our Bango, we are gratefull" And one added, "Bango, so great was our meat-hunger and so great our fear that we would not get any, that we forgot. Porgive your children, Bango. We are all your very own children." "Now go home to your huts and eat," were the teacher's words as he turned to enter his own. But-Brr! Whing! It looked like a football game with si.'{ty players. The boys had never lost sight of the leaves where the boar had been hacked up and as soon as the teacher had stepped back, there was a wild rush to that spot. You would have thought that for some unknown reason they had suddenly gone mad! For whaU For the dr:ops of "ice cream" which might have fallen as the machete cut the bone and meat, even though they might be mixed in with the earth and not half as big as the rubber on the end of a lead pencil. Nat one ., speck" of that precious meat could be left for ants to carry away during the night. The boys preferred to save the ants this work and 1.0 eat the crumbs themselves.

The day is over. As the missionary rises from his mat of banana leaves before the cot and pulls up the mosquito net to lie down to rest, he hears a knock on the wall of the guest hut-it has no door. "Who is there~" he asks. "I," replies a very scared and timid voice. "You? And who are you and what is it you aTe now wanting¥"

"A Sango, I want thus-I, I want to follow you and to go to live at your town. I am only a small school boy; I know nothing.

1925J 'l'HE HAUSA PEOPLE AND THEIR LANGUAGE

Rut I should like to live at your town where I could learn and where there is a gun and a hunter. I think that you would sometimes give me just a little, little piece of pig's meat. You will not refuse to let me go with you ~"

"In the morning we'll see about this thing you are asking, to learn what your mother says. Now you are to go and give God thanks for this day and sleep."

"I go, Bango." Then the missionary blew out his candle. There was no sleep until long after midnight in that community. All were too excited about the boar, the hunter, the meat. Yet at "the time the birds begin to talk"-earliest grey dawn-somebody was already beating the chapel drum to call the people to prayers. The missionary had already made bundles of his camping things and swallowed a meager breakfast. Young and old came from out the forest streaming into the chapel-()ver two hundred and fifty of them. Words of help, comfort and admonition were given. "Seek ye first the things of the Kingdom of God and hold to them. Wild boar is for today only, the things of God are for today, tomorrow and for all the days to come." Then with a farewell: "God help you until the day we again meet," the carriers picked up their loads and the missionary and his party started down the village street as the sun was rising. At the head of this party marched the proudest and happiest boy in all the Cameroons, he who had knocked at the wall .of the guest hut the night before. He was carrying the gun and was on his way to the town of the missionary, where he could get now and then some African "ice cream."

The Hausa People and Their Language BY REV. C. F. BEITZEL, BUNUNU, NORTHERN NIGERIA "THE A Missionary of the Sudan Inter:or Mission land shadowing with wings, which is beyond the rivers of Ethiopia" describes the location and condition of the Hausas. These millions of people are spread over thousands of miles but of them the world has heard little. Only in recent years has Hausaland been opened to the world. The origin of the Hausas is enshrouded in mystery. They themselves can not agree on their beginning. One theory offered is that they came from Egypt. One writer tries to prove that they are related to the Bantu tribes of Central Africa by showing a similarity between a few words of their languages. But the words are few, and all their other characteristics deny the relation. The best founded theory and one that the Hausas support most strongly is that they came from the far E'ast

(beyond Mecca). Their slender forms, features, high foreheads and language testify strongly to this. Their language in form and articu- lation is akin to English, Spanish and somewhat to the German. It is free from the cliques of the Bantu and from the harsh, guttural sounds of the Yoruba and other West African tongues.

The name "Hausa" is applied to nearly all who have a good knowledge of the language which is the trade language of the greater part of the Sudan. The fact that millions of people in this great area speak Rausa may not mean much in Europe or America but it means much for Central Africa which is a Babel of tongues. What a blessing this language is in the midst of this confusion! What a vehicle to make Christ known! What the Greek language was in the days of Christ and as a means of evangelizing the whole known world this language is for the whole Sudan with its fifty millions of dark- ened souls. Here can be found hundreds of tribes numbering from 200 to 2,000 with entirely distinct languages and customs in no re- mote way even related to their neighbors. It would take hundreds of missionaries to enter all these distinct tribes. If there should be one new missionary occupying a community of 10,000 every day it would take ten years to reach the Sudan I But by using the Hausa tongue as a medium we can reach many different tribes because the Hausas are great traders and travelers and their settlemeuts may be found as far removed as Cairo, Tunis, Tripoli, Mecca, Lagos, and the Gold Coast. The English Government is also fostering the use of the Hausa tongue in its courts, schools, etc. It is easy to learn and is capable of extension by adding foreign terms-a difficult thing in most African languages. This is perhaps the only African lan- guage which has developed a literature of its own.

Many of the Hausas are still pagan, practising tree and serpent worship, but the great mass of them are nominally Moslem since the Moslem Fulahs who at first settled among them peaceably finally overran the great country from Timbuctoo to Bornu and introduced Islam into the Sudan about one hundred years ago.

The Hausas are much more difficult to convert to Christianity than the ordinary pagan since they are proud and make much of their superior intelligence. They love sinful pleasures which Islam permits and that religion gives them great influence in their trading with the Arabs and other North African tribes. .

The Hausas presen' one of the greatest challenges to Chris- tianity today, but their turning to Christ and His service would solve the problem of evangelizing Central and North Africa.

Some of their centers have now been entered and little groups of Hausa Christians are gathering at Lokoja, Zaria, Minna, and Kano. Zinder, far to the north on the border of the Sahara, has recently been opened.

Praise God for the" First fruits!"

Christianity Solve the Race Problem? *

BY REV. ROBERT M. LABAREE, D.D., LINCOLN UNIVERSITY, PA.

W ITHIN the last few months four deeply significant books on the race problem have issued from the press. Their sig- nificance is partly due to the fact that they are the work of white men representing rather widely separated sections of their own race. The authors are respectively a Scotchman, an Englishman, an American citizen born and brought up in the north and another bred a southerner. Their earnest and, better still, their frank discussion of the issues involved proves how in many parts of the white world men are realizing clearly the seriousness of these questions, and are having deep heart searchings on the subject. In this respect works like these are but indications of a very widespread interest. Through our modern means of intercommunication races touch and jostle each other as never before. As a result never before have so many discussions appeared in book and magazine on the vital question of right race relationships. These discussions of the past year or two have been written from every possible standpoint, and show a wide divergence of views; but they all indicate the supreme importance of the problem.

But perhaps the chief characteristic that distinguishes these four works from the other literature on the subject is that they are written wholly from the Christian point of view. They seek to find a Christlike solution for the strained and taugled problem of interracial relations. They all realize that while we must bring to bear on the knotty points the most earnest thought and the best scientific methods, yet after all t.here can be no permanent solut.ion IDlless we apply to them the spirit and the principles of our Master; and that it is this Christian attitude of heart and mind that alone gives any hope in the difficult task.

It is interesting to note how the four authors stress the fact that this is a world problem. Even Mr. Weatherford, whos'e interest. is largely in the welfare of the Afro-American, devotes his first chapter the world-wide aspects of our local difficulties. He realizes that our experiences here in our own country are practically the same wherever men of different races meet and clash. 'fhis fact cuts both ways. It confronts the man who would preach peace and goodwill to the antagonistic groups in Asia, but who refuses to apply the same principles to our own vexed social relations. If Christ has a mes- • ChrlsUanlty and the Race Problem. J. H. Oldham, M.A. 265 pp. $2.25. New York. 1924 The Clash of Color. Basil Mathews. 169 pp. $1.25. New York. 1924. Race and Race Relations. Robert E. Speer. 428 pp. $3.50. New York. 1924. Of One Blood. Robert E. Speer. A brief(~r study based upon the above for use by the Council of Women for Home Missions and Missionary Education Movement of the United Sta.tes and Canada. 254 pp. 50c and 75c. New York. 1924.

The Nel'ro from Africa to America. W. D. Weatherford. 487 pp. :&5.00. New York. 1924.

445

sage of love and human brotherhood to the inhabitants of Johannes- burg, Calcutta and Tokyo, he has the same message to the men and women of New York, Atlanta and San Francisco. On the other hand the far-reaching character of the problem may bring something of comfort to the white or colored brother who grows despondent over conditions here. It may help him to realize that ours is only a small sector of the battle line.

But if similar conditioIls face us everywhere, the fact goes to show how natural such situations arc. Weare to expect them, they are as old as history, they have developed in every part of our globe. They are an ever-recurring illustration of what we may well call the nasty spirit of man, whereby the "ins" always seek to exclude the "outs" from sharing in their privileges. Pride and contempt and jealous passion for supremacy meet, yes create, seething unrest, resentment and hate. This is human nature, but human nature at its worst; and it is all the sadder in our day because just such contacts and conflicts as these reveal how little the spirit of Christ has permeated our economic and social relations.

To one fact all the many writers, whatever their other differences, agree. It is the serim6sness of this world problem. The races are gathering in hostile camps. Are we drifting into a world conflict more terrible than any we have yet seen ~ The question is being raised not only by alarmists but by many of the best-informed conservative students of international affairs.

No one, for example, who is familiar with conditions here in America, can shut his eyes to the acuteness of our own special race problem. This is not due to the white man's invention of new forms of discrimination against the colored man, but rather to the changing attitude of the latter to everything that carries with it the brand of inferiority. Every phase of the bar sinister is resented more keenly with each passing year. This is the result of the growing intelligence and perfectly proper pride that comes with intelligence. The wounded self-esteem is not made callous by repeated rebuffs but becomes more sensitive. The educated and self-respecting Negro is therefore quick to imagine a slight when none is perhaps intended; nor can you wonder at it. If the waiter in the restaurant is slow and indifferent in his service, if the telephone girl is pert and saucy, if the clerk in the store is rude and unobliging, the first thought to rise in his mind is, "Would these people treat white folks in this way or is it just because I am colored?" Ji'rom many sad experiences he jumps to the conclusion that it is only another manifestation of the contempt in which he is held, and his spirit is rasped and irritated. If you blame him try to put yourself in his place.

This deepening resentment is reflected in the newspapers and magazines which are issuing in such numbers from the colored press. Frankly they do not make pleasant reading for the whites. Wrongs

CAN CHRISTIANITY SOLVE THE R.kCE PROBLEM

and injustices perpetrated by the majority group are published abroad in head-lines; lynchings are set forth in all their horrid details; every new aggression by members of the dominant race the world over is commented on and the moral pointed. The stories so widely circulated of Negro "uppishness" and "insolence," although grossly exaggerated, owe what truth they have to this increasing self-consciousness and growing resentment of the colored man. All this we usually attribute to the work of agitators. Agitation may stimulate but it does not create the feeling of exasperation. Radicalism always thrives -where there are the most social wrongs. The colored man is not by nature a radical on any question; but if smarting under the sense of what he regards as injustice, he is ever driven into the ranks of the extreme socialists or into the arms of revolutionary demagogues, we shall have ourselves to thank.

But it is in the international field that this question assumes its gravest aspects. Hostility to the dominant race which is extending its political control to every remote corner of the world, and exploiting every weak or backward people, is growing apace. Not only do such Christian statesmen as Dr. Speer and Mr. Oldham raise the note of warning with no uncertain sound; but the uncompromising advocates of Nordic supremacy like Lothrop Stoddard and Madison Grant are equally emphatic in calling attention to it. Our neWspapers every day bring to us fresh illustrations of the truth, that all Asia from one end to the other, Africa., north, south, east and west, the islands of the sea, whether it be Haiti in the west or the Philippines in the east, are in a state of feverish uurest. To be sure, some of these peoples are demanding rights and privileges for which some think they are unfitted as yet; but whether wisely or foolishly the colored races of the world are making common cause against white aggression. – Can we escape the suicidal race war so dismally foretold by many a prophet of our times? Professor Williams of India and others like him are sure that we can. He tells us that "the impending struggle between the East and the W-est, foretold by many persons who cannot be classed as visionaries or fanatics, may be easily mitigated or entirely averted" by treating these other races with simple justice. And each of the four writers we are reviewing is of the same mind. Mr. Mathews assures us that all that we need is "team work," the same sort of cooperation that leads a man in soccer to pass the ball to his team mate rather than dribble it down the field by himself. In other words, if the Anglo Saxon would stop talking of the "white man's burden" and cooperate with the other races on the basis of a real brotherhood, many of the most acute causes of friction between them would be dissipated.

We must not, however, delude ourselves into the idea that such questions as these are easy of solution. Such cheap and superficial optimism can be attaiued only by shutting our eyes to the facts.

There are indeed two opposite extremes equally to be avoided. One of these is that race antagonism is "rooted in primitive instinct"; in other words, it is innate and ineradicable. If so there is no use beating our heads against a stone barrier; we shall only hurt ourselves and do no good. On the contrary, the facts seems to prove that racial prejudice is a complex of many instincts and mental attitudes. It is usually the result of economic and social competition and of fears that are born of that struggle. It it no more true of races than of competing nations and other social groups, only that in race intercourse physical dissimilarities add another element of friction. Color, or indeed any visible difference in form or feature, advertises the fact at the very first contact that the other ma1l belongs to what is regarded as a hostile or competitive group. One may for instance harbor an extreme prejudice against the Jews; but if one does not recognize the fact on meeting one, it is very possible to establish friendly relations with him; and wbenlater his despised nationality is discovered the chasm has already been largely bridged. Such an initial friendly approach to a Chinaman, Hindu or Negro is made impossible by the badge of their race which they mnst carry everywhere. It is this that makes the antipathy peculiarly sharp in cases of recognized physical differences. But there is nothing innate or insurmountable in the feeling. It is an inheritance from unfortunate experiences and relations in the past. Children as a rule do not possess it; they learn it from their elders, and therefore under proper conditions it can be unlearned.

On the other hand it would be just as unfortunate to approach the question with the notion that it is a simple one and the solution easy, It is in reality one of the most complex and baffling problems of our day. It has many ramifications, and the mere discussion of is arouses passions of the intensest order. Such feeling is justified by many in the name of science. The theory is held by some scientific students and received with eager approval in many quarters that the white man, especially if he is of the Nordic branch of the race, is by native ability and character the best in the world; that he is the creator and defender of our highest civilization and culture, and that therefore the maintenance and development of that civilization depend on the keeping of his blood pure from all taint of that of backward and inferior races, and on the securing for him the control of world affairs. For example, Prof. Josey in his book, "Race and National Solidarity," frankly holds that" a controlled exploitation of the backward races and the continued dominance of the white race will make for the greater good of man and will meet with the approval of God." If that be so, instead of seeking in the name of God to let down racial bars we must as servants of that God strive rather to keep the partitions between us intaCt; indeed we should raise them higher and make them more exclusive.

CAN CHRISTIANITY SOLVE THE RACE PROBLEM

This is dismal doctrine for the missionary and social worker. But fortunately it is not true.

In no part of the books before us is the discussion more satisfactory than in their treatment of this theory of the superiority of the white race. After a very thorough survey of all that has been said on both sides of the subject our authors have come to the decision reached by a growing number of sociologists (Boas, Goldenweiser, Lowie, Miller, etc.) that such claims in behalf of the white man are exaggerated and even unfounded. Races like individuals differ in qualities and abilities: no two of them are alike; and yet each of them has his own contribution to make to life. Mr. Oldham asks pertinently; "Is the winner of the Derby superior to the dray horse1 Is the engineer superior to the poet, or the scientific chemist to the captain of industry, or the prophet that stirs the conscience of the people, to the practical statesman who translates ideals into actual legislation?" God has made "of one blood" all the races of men, all are equally dear children of the Heavenly Father, and all are capable of climbing to the highest summit attainable by any of the sons of God. This is we believe the doctrine of God 's Word: and no physical measurements, nor psychological tests, nor present lack of achievement can shake our faith in that great and inspiring truth. Backward many of these peoples may seem to be, mere children in many ways; but circumstances can explain all that. It was not so many centuries ago that our German ancestors were in the rear guard of civilization. Through circumstances for which they can claim but little credit, they have advanced to the front rank. Others have not yet made the start or have temporarily dropped behind. An era of rapid progress may begin with them at any time. Already we see a startling speeding up of development in Asia. Who knows when some of these backward peoples may pass us in the race 1 Pride in our own achievements, and contempt for others are wholly unwarranted by the facts.

Space forbids the discussion of other complications "that make hard our task of establishing a real brotherhood between men of every color. 'I.'here is for instance the question of intermarriage. No phase of the subject excites greater heat. Even Christian men like Oldham and Speer do not see wholly eye to eye when they come to this problem. But whatever be the ultimate judgment upon this or any other difficulty in making our mutual adjustments, one principle we should adopt, and that is to choose whatever path is obviously just and Christlike, .no matter whither it may lead us.· The spirit of Christ will not alone solve any of the great world questio:p.s. The head must cooperate with the heart in ~very right solution. Scientific research and honest hard thinking are as important as love and Christian brotherliness. But the spirit of Christ aloriecan give the right approach. And, alas! it has been the iack of this 3

spirit that has so embittered our human relations. Nothing so blinds the judgment as pride and prejudice. We see this only too weU in the harsh and cfllel conclusions which once justified slavery in our own country and now equally support every form of racial aggres- sion and exploitation here and elsewhere.

We believe that already we are at the dawn of happier condi- tions. The frank discussion of these problems at the recent splendid missionary conference at Washington was both illuminating and re- freshing. Most emphatic was the demand, reiterated time and again from the platform, for justice and kindliness in our interracial and international relations. If Christianity cannot bring this about its mission will prove a failure; for men will have nothing to do with a religion that is handed down condescendingly to them from some supposed superior height of culture or virtue. In our own country there are many indications that the Christian conscience is being aroused' over our own race problem. Interracial committees are springing up everywhere throughout the South, in which earnest men and womfn of both races are striving to bring about a better understanding. At the Student Volunteer Convention in Indianapolis last year all such problems were seriously discussed by the young people. Some of the results of that convention are worth mentioning. On the way home from Indianapolis to Nashville, the delegates from the white institutions centering about the latter place went over in a body into the car occupied by the colored representatives from the district, to talk over frankly what could be done to make more Christian their relations to one another. Out of that discussion an intercollegiate interracial committee was organized which has been meeting regularly, and has developed a program that must seem radical to their elders. This last summer the young men's conference at Blue Ridge (white) sent a delegation to visit the colored men '8 conference at Kings Mountain, and later a return delegation from the latter went to Blue Ridge, where they were entertained in the dormitory of their hosts and in the common dining room. Recently a Bible study conference was held at Hampton, where delegatee. from practically every white and colored college in Virginia slept in the same building, and ate at the same table. A year ago such a gathering would have been regarded as impossible.

Now I would not have anyone think that these young people have solved any of the great problems at issue. But surely none of us can be blind to the fact that it is in just such frank friendly brotherly intercourse that not only our o"-"Il race questions but the larger world problems will lose much of that antagonism and ill-will which have made any settlement of them seem hitherto a hopeless task. Yes, Christianity can unravel this and every other tangled human relationship by creating the atmosphere in which alone all of earth's heated class and race problems can be solved.

Woman's Place in the

Enterprise * BY MRS. CHARLES KIRKLAND ROYS, NEW YORK l'oreign Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Chmch, U. S. A.

I N considering woman's place in the missionary enterprise our thoug'ht may profitably center around four aspects of the subject. .

First: Is there for woman a peculiar driving power in the mis- sionary movement 1 Second: What has been woman's achievement in missionary effort in the past 7 Third: Are there elements of success in the past which should be conserved in future effort? Fourth: In the adequate Foreign Mission program of the Church, what place shall be assigned to women 7 That the missionary enterprise has from the beginning held a compelling interest for women is inevitable. 'Vho should throw themselves wholeheartedly into missions if not those who owe to Christ their very ability to espouse any cause f The peculiar driving power for women in the missionary effort lies in the determination to open up for others the life of freedom, service and endless possi- bility which Christ has given to them.

Consider also certain characteristics with which woman by na- ture is endowed: her protective, tender instincts which are aroused by accounts of suffering womanhood and unprivileged childhood- needs which only woman in her work for woman could meet; her adventuresome faith which is undaunted by distance or difficulty.

Columbus would have had a poor time with his proposed voyage of discovery, had he dealt solely with men. It was a woman who believed that it could be done. Think of woman's achievement in that far greater adventure of the discovery for other women of the fair land of fulness of life and freedom.

A brief historic perspective on the emergence of women into missionary activity reveals certain significant facts: Two months before Carey baptized his first convert in India, the "Boston Female Society for Missionary Purposes" was organized, nniting Congre- gational and Baptist women. Twenty-five years before Perry's deet entered the harbor of Yeddo, and thirty years before the Protestant Episcopal Church sent its first pioneer missiona.ry to Japan, a group of women in Brookline, Massachusetts, organized, and met regularly to pray for Japan and to contribute to its evangelization. In New ~ address delivered at the Foreign Missions Convention. Washington. 451

England the early societies rejoiced in the name "l!'emale Cent So- cieties," and of these not a few have existed to celebrate their Jubilee. .

With what consternation the men of the Church watched these doings of the women, is an old story. Turning in desperation to his elders, one Michigan pastor implored them to see to it that an elder be designated to attend each meeting, lest the women be in- discreet enough to offer voluntary prayer. There was no telling what women might pray for if left to themselves! A Board Secre- tary is on record as having said to his associates, "I cannot recom- mend bringing the women into this work." Of all these men one courageous soul stands out who staunchly maintained in the face of the other men "the help of pious females must not be spurned."

The economic condition of our country in the early part of the ninetee~th century was such that money was difficult to obtain. Out- side the spheres of domestic service and dressmaking there were no opportunities for women to earn money. The contributions to the missionary society, therefore, came in small amounts, and repre- sented chiefly the profits from selling eggs or butter or rags. No more illuminating illustration of the value of small gifts from many sources can be found than is revealed in the activity of those inde- fatigable women who went from door to door gathering small sums for the cause. How eloquent are the records found in the Treasurer's books of that day! Consider that first legacy received by the American Board, which was given by one Sally Thomas, a domestic whose wages never went beyond half a dollar a week, but who left to that Board three hundred and forty-five dollars and eighty-three cents!

Or listen to this letter written to the Treasurer of the Amer- ican Board in 1813: "Bath, New Hampshire. August 17, 1813.

"Dear Sir: "Mr. – – – will deliver $177 into your hands. The items are as follows: From an obscure female who kept the money for many years for a proper opportunity to hestow it upon a religious object ……………………………. $100.00 From an aged woman in Barnet, Vermont, heing the avails of a small dairy the past year …………… 50.00 From the same, being the avails of two superfious gar- ments ……………………………………. 10.00 From the Cent Societ.y in this place being half their annual subscription …………………………. 11.00 From a woman in extreme indigence. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 1.00 . My own dona~ion, being the sum expended hitherto in . ardent spirits in my family, but now totally discon- tinued …………………………………… 5.00 Total •…..'.•……………..•…..•…….. $177.00."

WOMAN'S PLAOE IN THE MISSIONARY ENTEID'RISE

In recording the gifts of women in these early days it is only fair to make note of the fact that much of the earnings of one at least of the Cent Societies was gained from making false bosoms for the shirts of the theological students in Princeton Seminary. The only pattern the good women of the society had was for a man weighing some two hundred and fifty pounds. In the record of mis- sionary self-sacrifice full credit should go to the poor young theolo- gians who suffered the inconvenience of ill-fitting collar bands, and who bought the false bosoms from the women of the missionary society!

Look through the record of gifts in those early days, and we find that the name of the woman donor is often suppressed, but the name of the transmitting pastor or elder is recorded in full, as for example, "From a female friend of missions per the Rev. John Thomas Green."

There is, therefore, revealed in woman's early missionary ac- tivity a remarkable, far-seeing faith; prevailing prayer; and conspicuous sel~-denial. Missions held a tremendous appeal for women.

Of zeal and devotion there was no lack, but there was sore need of organization and revision of methods. The Civil War called forth from the women of our land a service in hospital and barracks and home which developed, as no other experience could, an organizing ability hitherto unknown. At the close of the Civil War, women carried this newly acquired ability in cooperation and in systematized effort to the unorganized missionary endeavor. Women who formerly had been content to sit at one end of the family pew and watch their husbands at the other end putting into the collection box the family contribution to the work of the Church, had experienced during the war years the exhilaration of handling money by themselves. They now gave themselves to organizing the finances of their own missionary societies and Bo~rds. Those men who viewed with misgiving the activity of women in the beginning were not so stupid after all. Something had indeed been started!

The women of the Church were prepared by thirty years of prayer and effort for missions to respond at once to the appeal made in 1834 by an American missionary from China who urged them to organize and undertake the work in non-Christian lands which only women would carry. The denominational Boards stoutly resisted this dangerous innovation, and for thirty years or more prevented the organization of women's boards. The urge to organize these boards could not, however, permanently be held in check. Timid women who in small societies had been almost prostrated by the thought of reading aloud a portion of a missionary letter, were so inspired by the necessity of an organization of women to conduct work for women, that a perfect epidemic of woman's organizations soon occurred. In 1861 the Woman's Union Missionary Society in

New York, an interdenominational organization, came into being. Other organizations soon followed, and by 1900 nearly every leading denomination had a ·Woman's Board. Today there are over forty Women's Boards with a combined annual income of over six million dollars. There are an equal number of Woman's Boards of Home Missions with an annual income almost as great. The work of these Boards and the perfection of their organization is well known. The same genius which characterized woman's efforts in the realm of· temperance and suffrage has organized in volunteer service a mighty host of eager, intelligent, purposeful women in community, county, state and nation. No phase of missionary activity is so justly appraised at its full value. Men and women alike are sound in their clear appreciation of it.

Consider for a moment the tremendous range of achievement of the woman's missiona:ry societies: in practically all the non-Christian lands of the earth they hold property; rent buildings; recruit and educate thousands of evangelists, Sunday-school specialists, teachers, !.lditors, doctors and nurses; provide an educational system from kindergarten through college; maintain hospitals; staff nurses' training schools and medical colleges. In many languages they edit women's and childrens' magazines and publish books. The culmination of the efforts of women is found in the establishment of seven women's college!,!, founded by the ·Woman's Boards of Scotland, England, Canada and the United States. Eighteen Woman's Boards brought to this united effort many diverse methods of organization, but one great aim inspired them all-namely the purpose to train a Christian leadership for the women of the Orient. Three million dollars was recently raised in the United States for these colleges under the able leadership of Mrs. Henry W. Peabody. The colleges are growing, enlarging their equipment and capacity; but they are holding absolutely to the Chrilbtian purpose of their existence. They are Christian to the backbone.

Add to this achievement on the foreign field the conspicuous success of women in establishing the great system of missionary education in the home Church which now touches even the most remote corner of every state in the Union, and who can contemplate this accomplishment without asking, How is it done 1 Surely we can with profit ask, as we review the achievement of women, what has been the secret of the effectiveness of women in the past 1 I am confident that the men of the Church wish above all things to conserve the rich heritage of woman's service for missions. I am equally sure that no adequate missionary program can be carried on, unless certain features of woman's service in the past be counted among the dynamics of our missionary endeavor. Let me be very explicit.

Two facts underlie the conspicuous success of woman's work:

WOMAN'S PLACE IN THE MISSIONARY ENTE:RPRISE

first, through long years of indefatigable effort the women of the Church have built up a system of communication from national Board headquarters down to the most remote individual church. This unbroken continuity of function has been accomplished in a brief half century. It is so effective in its working that, like Lincoln's rat hole, it will bear looking into! Ruthlessly to disrupt by any form of reorganization a system established by such incalculable effort and proved to be of such undeniable efficiency would be little short of madness.

The second secret of woman's success in the past is psychological. Women respond to a definite financial responsibility. They like to raise their own budget. They enjoy a dual relationship to missions as church members and as members of the woman's organization. Any missionary program for the Church which casts aside this wonderworking system of distinctive financial responsibility of women is doomed to failure. Possibly the remote future may hold a better plan but for the coming decade, I am convinced that no adequate missionary program can be built up by the Church which disregards these two aspects of th.e achievements of the past..

The logical masculine mind may not follow this form of argument, but it will be a sad day for missions if the women of the Church come to feel that any form of reorganization has taken from them their distinctive responsibility, and that their task as women is done.

In most denominations a new phase of the missionary program has been reached. In several communions an entire reorganization of the Church Boards has been effected which unites men and women on equal terms in board membership and on the staff of administrative officers. Women who in the past have shown an invincible spirit of entire consecration, and have done for the Church a monumental service without proper equipment, with inadequate salaries, and devoid of technical training, are now entering a new phase of activity, facing a wider opportunity in the work of missions. At this transitional stage, the Church may well give its best thought to the subjec~ of the partnership of men and women in this work.

There are certain attitudes in the Church at large and in Boards in particular, which will ensure success in our common effort; certain others spell unmistakable failure. I am no suffragist, but I cannot refrain from emphasizing certain perfectly clear elements in the situation in our churches today. Have we the courage to face all the far-reaching implications, and to make all the necessary readjustments which are involved in this partnership of men and women of which we so glibly speak1 A sense of mission inspired the women whose past achievements we today laud. Is the Church prepared to present to this generation of alert, capable young women a challenging, compelling task whose pull will be felt as much as the appeal from other fields of activity1 The Church must reckon with other avenues which are open to this generation of women. She must make

it very clear that she has work of such vital importance and of such far-reaching influence as to call for the fullest measure of service. She must show unmistakably that to do this work young women of the highest degree of training are needed who will in turn receive the same considerations in living conditions and salary which other occupations offer. Is the opportunity for missionary work in the Church today, both as administrative officers of the Church Boards and as volunteer workers in the capacity of board members and in the local church, act1tal or merely potential?

This is no theoretic matter. The Church at home and abroad must reckon with the awakened womanhood of the world. At one time we were perplexed by the modern movement among women. Now its direction and impulse are perfectly clear. The State thus far has been in advance of the Church in recognizing the changed situation. Is it not curious that this should be so, when from the Church came the first releasi.ng force to womanhood ?Whatever you may think of the modern movement among women, you must admit that the Church fostered it. I come to you with the deep conviction, born of my knowledge of young women and my experience in working with them, that the Kingdom of God is more nearly within the reach of the Church today than it ever was before, if only-if (Jnly, we can harness up to t.his missionary enterprise the boundless capacities, the trained energies, the fearlessness, the courage and the sincere desire to have a part. in the big business of thiR generation, which characterize the young women of today. If t.hus far the Church has failed to enlist them it is not wholly the fault of the young women; it is largely because the Church has not adequately presented its task..

In the East and in Europe young women are demanding freedom to live their highest life; to develop to the utmost the powers God has given them; to make their full contribution to the life of the world. The intelligent women of the Church have already turned to politics, business and international affairs. At the Institute of International Politics at Williamstown last summer, one third of the personnel was women. Are we offering young women an adequate opportunity to do a constructive work in the Church which will give scope for all their trained capabilities? Will the Church awaken in time to the fact that this new spirit of womanhood may become an instrument for the advancement of the kingdom of Him who chose women for his friends and shared with them His most profound spiritual truths'

Again let us be very explicit. We've talked in vague terms quite long enough. Printed reports and addresses without number theorize on this subject. We have come to the place today where we must face the fact that in working out an adequate missionary program for the Church, whatever share is assigned to women must be given her on the satisfactory and logical basis of ribility and capacity, and not on

WOMAN'S PLACE IN THE MISSIONARY ENTEiRPRISE

that of sex. I plead that woman be allowed to enter that natural relationship to which ,Jesus called her and which the early Church assigned her. If the future missionary program is to be carried through successfully, it must be done by men and women in a level partnership. We do not want a union which means merely diverting one of the separate streams into the channel of another. We want a union made necessary by the great task confronting the Church today which calls for something far greater than our past achievements if the non-Christian world is to be brought to Christ. Let us speak of union as though-to pursue the figure-the two separate streams had broken their banks and must now be guided into a broader, deeper channel of life-giving water.

In the home, in professions, in Church and in State, men and women are needing each other if the complete whole is to be attained. The work of neither alone is or can be wholly complete. Surely the task we are facing today is great enough to capture the imagination of men and women together. We need each other if our sympathies are to become broad enough, our courage high enough, our faith strong enough, our love deep and full enough to meet the requirement of the task in this day. We need as men and women a fresh discovery of the eternal and supreme obligation to give Christ to the world, which shall send us forth determined to stand together, each contributing his own best to the accomplishment of the enormous task to which God is calling our generation.

May God give us in this partnership a more inclusive view and a saner, broader judgment than either men or women could have working separately; and may He crown our united work with achievements and victories which could otherwise never come!

ONE GIRL'S INFLUENCE IN BRAZIL SOON after we took charge of the work in Sao Sebastiao do Paraiso, the girl who had been my mouthpiece in the Sunday school and the Girls' Club, and led the music in both, told me that she had been offered a place in her aunt's school in a near-by town. Her uncle was the chief man in the town, and his family had the entree into the best society.

There the girl, Haydee Machado, gathered around the piano on Sun- days the servants of the school, and a few of the boarders who liked the hymns. Gradually she told them stories from the Bible until before anyone was aware she had a Sunday school. The uncle's family began to read the Bible, and less and less t.o t.ake part in Sunday amusements. Later the teacher got permission to invite the missionaries. Rumors were afloat that their entrance in the city would not be permitted. However, nothing hap- pened to interfere, and the Gospe! was preached for the flrst time in that town.

The young woman's aunt became a professing Christian and thereby lost half of the pupils in her school. Two other members of her family also entered the fold and have become great influences for good. Every service held in the town has been well attended, and many Bibles and hymn books have been sold. A wealthy farmer has given a lot for the building of the church, when God shall open the way. MRS. EDWARD LANE.

Evangelism in

D R. A. G. FLETCHER of Korea writes of the results of hos- pital evangelism as practised in the Taiku (Presbyterian) hospital during the past two and a half years. The aim is (1) to preach the Gospel to every patient; (2) to win as many as possible to Christ; (3) to lead these converts to unite with a church, and (4) to lead each convert to witness to Christ among unbelieving neighbors. The method is (1) to organize the hospital staff into a. preaching society to care for the evangelistic work; (2) to send evangelists to the home of a hospital convert for one month and to seek, with the patient's help, to establish a church.

Three men evangelists and three Bible women are employed who work alterna.tely in pairs, one month in the hospital and the next in the country districts. The results have been very encouraging, both in winning converts and in establishing churches.

Each month a colporteur takes a number of letters from the hospital to patients in the country and on the way sells Bibles as his salary is paid by the Bible Society. The patients help by giving him an introduction to the villagers. They aim to establish one new group every month. During the past thirty months, they have es- tablished twenty-six churches. These churches have a total mem- bership of six hundred and twenty-five, and sixteen have their own church buildings.

Each evangelist is responsible for caring for his groups until turned over to a missionary pastor at the end of one year. At this time, each group must have: (1) A sufficient number of adherents to be able to pay its share of a helper's sala.ry; (2) officers capable of caring for its spiritual and material needs. The preaching society sends to the churches regularly letters of greeting and admonition. Members of the society go to the country and visit the groups when possible. In this way, the new Christians receive a touch of the joy of Christianity. Also each month the society mimeographs and sends out to each group a sermon prepared by the evangelist working in the hospital. This is to give spice to the attempts at sermons given by the new and often unexperienced leader selected from among the new Christians. Officers of new groups are urged to attend Bible institutes and Bible classes. The six evangelists and colporteur each make a report at the monthly meeting of the preaching society.

The preaching to patients within the walls of a hospital is not sufficient to win them to Christ in the majority of cases. Neither is it enough to follow them by post or in person. We must devise .a plan whereby the opposition and persecution of relatives and friends will be turned into sympathy and support. Sending evangelists to the non-Christian home town of hospital converts helps them to win the patient's relatives and friends for Christ.

458

Truth about the

A REVIEW, BY DR. HARRY FARMER, OF "THE PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINEB." BY FRANK CHARLES LAUBACH, PH.D."

RECENT articles, under the general title of the "Isles of Fear," have appeared in the various papers throughout the country, evidently written to prove that the people of the Philippines ure not ready for their political independence. Dr. Laubach, a missionary of the American Board, could have had no knowledge of the newspaper arti('les, since his book was in press before they began to appear. Dr. Laubach's book deals with facts as he has seen them. At times he has some things to say which are not very complimentary to the Filipinos, but one cannot read the pages without concluding that they are a wonderful people and capable of high development.

Dr. Laubach came to the Philippines when missionary work was already well advanced, but he went to the Island of Mindanao which had been little cultivated up to that time. He was at the first station established by the American Board Mission at Davao, but later moved to the north coast and pushed the work in all directions, cooperating with the. Presbyterians, who sent down preachers from Negros, as well as many fine young men who graduated from the Silliman Institute in Dumaguete. Upon return from furlough in 1920, Dr. Laubach took up work in the Union Theological Seminary of Manila, and has become deeply interested in the student life of the Islands. He believes in the Filipinos, and feels the day is coming when they should have complete control of the country.

'''1'he People of the Philippines" is a religious book and presents the best history of Christian missions in the Philippines that has yet appeared. Everyone who has had anything to do with the wonderful development of the people and the Islands during the last quarter of a century will find it very interesting reading, even casual readers who care little or nothing for the Church.

The religious tendency is strong in the Filipino people, and is probably an inheritance from the Malay race. When the Spaniards came in 1521, the people were Mohammedans, and because of the attempt to convert the natives by force, Magellan and many of his followers were slain. Prior to the coming of the Moslem missionaries, there was intercourse with Indian customs and religious practices, and the people were also greatly influenced by visits from China. There was always a reaching out after God. This can be seen in the present practices of the pagan Igorots of northern Luzon, and those of the interior of Mindanao in the far south.

• Published by Doran, New York. 1924. 465 PP. $3.50 net.

459

With the coming of the Spaniards and their superior forces, the Malays were obliged to submit, though they were never completely conquered. In honor of King Philip, the Islands were called the Philippines. It was either baptism or the sword. The sword conquered, but the people always aspired for independence in all matters of thought, religion and politics. Dr. Laubach speaks charitably, yet plainly, concerning the almost 400 years of Spain and Romanism when the people were given a medireval civilization, with a fanaticism and superstition bred in ignorance. From one to three per cent only were given any form of education, and for the most part only those who could assist in matters of State and Church. One history states that in the last one hundred years of Spanish domination, there were twenty-one insurrections, the last one being so successful that the Government gave the leaders 800,000 pesos to leave the country. Leaders of the revolutions were killed and deported by the hundreds, and at one time 1,500 were shot on the Luneta. The last great murder was that of Jose Rizal" now called the Father of his country, who was shot at the instigation of. the Friars, because he would not recant and receive the absolution of the Church. It was well for the Catholic Church that America stood for religious liberty in the early days, for the people hated both Spain and Rome. The Spanish friars and priests were not safe outside of Manila.

A few years ago 3,000,000 people under a Filipino, Bishop Aglipay, organized an Independent Filipino Church,. based largely on the practices of the Roman Catholic Church, except confession and allegiance to the Pope. A large number of municipalities voted Rome out and the Independents in, turning over the large churches and converts to the Aglipayan priests. In due time, through processes of law, Rome regained these properties and the "Independientes" were forced to build bamboo churches. Attempts were made to use this new church organization largely for political purposes, and great theological difficulties have been encountered. Nevertheless, the Church, with possibly less numbers, is stronger than ever today, and is becoming more like the evangelical churches. The people will not submit to a foreign potentate like the Pope. They want both ecclesiastical and political independence. They love the United States and are grateful for the benevolent paternalism which has been exercised, but feel the time has come to give them entire independence, with such arrangements as will guarantee mutually happy and beneficial relationships.

Missionaries came in the early days of American occupation. In fact, some were to be found among the soldiers. Seven great denomiuations of the Evangelical Church were represented through their several Boards of Foreign Missions. The Protestant Episcopal Mission specialized on the Moslems and the wild tribes, while the other six Missions delimited the territory to avoid overlapping. The

1925J THE TRUTH ABOUT. THE PHILIPPINES

Evangelical Union is stronger than ever today, and has Filipino representatives in its membership. This fellowship makes possible a unity of action which promises a more speedy evangelization of the Islands. Many union institutions prove the fine spirit of cooperation, the centraf example being that of the Theological Seminary in Manila, which trains preachers for all churches. With Bible, hymn book, union periodicals and other Christian literature in common, there is great promise of one great Evangelical Church, manned and supported by the Filipinos.

This is a story to rejoice the heart of those who love to see the Gospel spread abroad in the earth. What trophies of Christ's power! Scores in the Christian ministry, and hundreds more found in all walks of life, teachers, lawyers, doctors, business men. The innate hospitality. and kindliness of the Filipino, tinctured by the Christ love, makes a visit to the Christian homes a joy long to be remembered. No mission field has developed so many self-supporting churches in so brief a period of time. It is not done without sacri- :fice, but it means the laying of a natural foundation which will support a strong Church of the future.

The Evangelical missions have had little need to establish schools, as this has been done by the Government. A few parish schools only have been opened, but a number of secondary schools, and only one high-grade institution-Silliman Institute. The students have been reached through the Christian dormitory, opened near the high schools, and at the University in Manila. Boys and girls have been gathered into these institutions, helped in their school work, and have been given an opportunity to :find their Lord and worship Him in spirit and in truth. The Sunday-school has had a wonderful development. The young people educated in English in the public schools have received through correspondence and in Bible institutes, traiJling in religious education, which has made them leaders in the Sunday-sehools, and in the Proyincial and National Sunday School Unions. This is a forward-looking enthusiastic institution, and will prove the bulwark of the Church.

The Roman Catholic Church has not been untouched by this Evangelical movement. American Jesuits and other American prelates have come to the Islands to take up the training of the Filipino youth and to introduce new methods. The effects are already seen in renovation of church buildings, introduction of pews, organization of Sunday-schools, young people's societies and other aetivities, which appeal to the youth of the land.

The author looks forward to the day when Filipino missionaries will go into all countries of the Far }i~ast and aid in the work of evangelization. Already they have gone to their countrymen in Hawaii, and some have begun work in Malaysia and Java.

Power of a Gospel

BY ABDUL-FADY (ARTHUR T_ UPSON), NILE MISSION PRESS, CAIRO A SCRAP of paper may be used to change the fortunes of a man, a nation, or even of the world. The Bible Societies issne single gospels or epistles, but the Nile Mission Press portionettes contain short, selected passages of Scripture on a special subject. A gift of $5,000 paid for no less than 1,200,000 portionettes, which included eighteen historical SUbjects, twelve doctrinal, seven on parables and miracles, one for Jews upon the Epistle to the Hebrews, and six on the Sermon on the Mount.

Some of these portionettes are given out by the broadcasting method, the object being to cover as much ground as possible in a short space of time. As an illustration, Mr. Porter of the Egypt General Mission, writes: ""'Ve left here early on Wednesday morning by road and on this trip we distributed 4,000 portionettes."

There is also the intensive method of dealing with individuals. Standing in a main thoroughfare, at the turning point for the licensed brothels, and right in a constant stream of traffic, a worker will hand to every passer-by-as fast as his fingers can move-a copy of a purity or a temperance tract, while the worker behind will hand him one of the Scripture portionettes. None are refused or torn.

Meanwhile a third worker is busy "buttonholing" those who have slipped past the first two pickets, and exhorts them to give up sin. Often we are able to give a clear message even amid the distressing sights, sounds and scenes. During four years from 1918 to 1922, not less than 80,000 young men have received these tracts from a single worker. Two such helpers-Gohar Effendi, an American Mission evangelist, and Sheikh Iskandar, a converted Moslem, baptized by the Church Missionary Society twenty years ago-distributed 15,000 leaflets and portionettes during the summer of 1923. As a result, hundreds of young men have been rescued.

The Nile Mission Press has also issued fifty varieties of colloquial porti@nettes in simple Arabic. The publications of the Press go to thirty lands, and hearty welcome comes from even the most barren of all lands-north and east of Arabia.

Arrangements have now been made to produce a large Arabic edition of some larger portionettes on Bible subjects. The selections are wisely made and give the reader a clear conception of the Biblical system of truth, creation, preservation, sin and redemption. On each page is a reading from the Scripture in large print, and at the top and bottom are related passages in smaller type.

Who shall estimate "The Power of a Gospel Portionette"~ 462

M….-B.-.-.-TH=eOcDu.Sas .@

EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CROl'.'X, 728 M1!HLENBURG BLDG., PHILADELPHIA, PA.

COMMUNITY CELEBRATIONS hand to make sure of good order. By R10V. H~:NRY MOEHLING Exactly at nino o'clock the bugle Pastor of Gethsemane Lutheran Church, sounds. Every door in the block is thrown open and out of the doors Philadelphia, Pa.

Philadelphia is a city of communi- come the boys and girls and the men ties with a community spirit. Some and women. Everyone gathers of the communities sub-divide them- around the stand_ A local clergyman selves into blocks, and organize for begins the day's festivities with the celebration of outstanding days: prayer, and makes a very short talk Christmas, Flag Day, Decoration Day about the importance of the day to and Fourth of July. the community. Old Glory is raised For all of these celebrations great high on the staff as everyone joins preparations are made, and a fine in singing" The Star Spangled Ban- spirit pirevaiIs- ner." As the string is pulled unfurl- In one block in West Philadelphia iug the flag hundreds of little flags in which there are thirty houses on float through the air becoming the each side of the street, the residents prize and pride of the c.rowd that is have formed an association to cele- constantly growing larger and larger.

brate the festival days of interest to Later a whistle sounds and the boys everyone. and girls know it is time for the con- On Christmas eve there is a block tests to begin. First come the four- Christmas tree with carolers from all year-olds with their Kiddie Kars, folthe home~ singing Christmas carols. lowed by other contests of various Flag Day and Decoration. Day are types with contestants of various ages.

gala occasions with special decora- At H: 30 A. lVI. a signal is given tions, and the Fourth of July celebra- and everybody goes home to lunch. tion is one of the greatest events of Since extra preparations were made the year. July third is a busy day. the day before lunches are over in a • Cooking is done in advance and all short time. At 12: 45 the band apthe preparations are made for the pears, and at one o'clock the overture coming holiday. The street is roped is played. Immediately the street is off, festooned and decorated with filled. Ponies and pony carts are on bunting, and lanterns. In the center hand and the children, with free of the block a large stand is erected tickets, enjoy an hour of joyous rides with seats for a twenty or thirty piece for the length of the block and back hand and a speaker's platform. Every again. In the meantime a ventrilofamily invites guests from "back quist is ready with his act and the home" or "up country," or from crowd around the stand is having its other sections of the city. Every share of entertainment. Various other member of the various families and features are introduced, differing all the guests receive a patriotic paper somewhat from year to year. Always hat, and for the children there is a a soloist of note adds to the real special gift of ice cream and candy. value of the program.

On the morning of the Fourth all By four o'clock the audience is is in readiness withjJ'olicemen on ready fur the speakers who have been 463

invited by the Committee on Arrange- Very naturally the pastor led the ments. After the speaking there is a conversation to his church on the cor- lull and evervone lmderstands that it ner. '1'he policeman told him that he is the "Do-what-you-Please" Hour. wa& a Jew, and thanking him for the Neighbors visit with neighbors, and a lemonade turned to go.

general friendliness fills the air, until "My wife and boy will be out this time to go home for the evening meal. afternoon," he called as he started At 6: 45 there is another bugle call, down the steps.

and "the block" reappears in the "Bring them around to see us,"

costumes of colonial days, represent- called the pastor cordially.

ing patriotic personages and events. Later on the policeman came back .A. line of parade is formed. Horses, with his wife and son. Jew and Gen- wagons, automobiles-any type of tile, they sat on the stone steps and conveyance that can be commandeered chatted pleasantly together. The . for service is on hand for what "the wife was a member of a Christian block" is pleased to call "The Best church, but the boy had never been Parade in West Philadelphia." to Sunday-school.

.A. schedule has been arranged with "My ooy must go to Sunday- other blocks that are having parades school," announced the father. "I so that each may visit the other, and want him to be in a Christian Sun- all have a vote in which parade is best. day-school. Would you accept him Prominent. speakers are introduced in yours'"

-senators, congressmen and others , 'Indeed we would," answered the who may be available-and their re- pastor. "We'll be glad to have him marks are greeted with enthusiastic as a member of our school and glad applause. to have you and your wife come with Eight-thirty arrives and the whole him."

block is bright with many-colored lan- One Sunday evening a few weeks terns, and the evening's program be- later a policeman slipped into the gins, planned especially for the young corner seat of the last pew in the folks. church. Unafraid in situations which At some time during the day prac- called for valor, he was timid when tically everyone in "the block" has he entered the door of a Christian been on the street. Opportunities for church. ·The cordial welcome he re- acquaintance and friendship are to ceived soon made him feel at home be found on every hand. and he came again and again.

On one of these Fourth of July One year went by. Another year • celebration days a pastor who lived in .was added to it. Then one day he "the block" sat on his porch. Since said to the pastor: early in the morning he had been mov- "Will you baptize me' I want to ing around through the crowd, renew- be a Christian." ing old acquaintances or making new "Indeed I will," answered the pasones. The bowl that had been filled with lemonade at the beginning of tor. "When will you be baptized'" the day was almost empty now. Many "'Whenever you wish," was the guests had stopped at the parsonage earnest answer. that day to greet the pastor and his wife. As the policeman on the beat Mter several months of special inpassed, the pastor called, "Won't you struction he was baptized. Two years have some cold lemonadeT" have passed. Every other Sunday night, when he is off duty, this faith- ful Christian Hebrew is in church, The policeman's eyes brightened at and his daily life and conversation the cordiality of the invitation and testify that. his Christianity is gen- the tinkle of the ice !tgainst the sides uine.

of the bowl. Between the sips of , Neighborly friendship will do much lemonade he talked with the pastor. . to win men and women to the Christ

BEST METHODS

who gave "as thyself" for the stand- as the Pitkin Class, is limited pracard by which we should measure our tically by the capacity of the room in love to our neighbor. which meetings are held. These classes, so far as attendance and ad- MOULDING THE PLASTIC AGE ministration are concerned, are self- By MURDOCK McLEOD governing, self-promoting, and self- In the Shadyside Church of Pitts- perpetuating groups, for they have burgh, of which Dr. Hugh Thompson been meeting now continuously for Kerr is pastor, there assembles every twelve years with unabated interest,. week for religious instruction and eager for the first meeting in the fall spiritual guidance two groups of stu- and reluctant to disband in the dents from the near-by universities spring. The sessions terminate about in two Bible classes which in some May 1st.

a respects are altogether unique. Every Piractically every class and every Thursday evening group of some department of these schools, and fifty or sixty students from Carnegie many religious denominations are Institute of Technology gathers about represented in these two groups. They the table for supper in a pleasant present a cross section of the student room in the church and spends an life of these two great universities.

hour facing and discussing the seri- While regular courses of Bihle ous and practical problems of religion study are conducted by Dr. Kerr as and life, and· the following Friday teacher, the students are allowed to from eighty to one hundred students submit in writing questions for dis- from the University of Pittsburgh cussion. On the day of my visit the meet for lunch in the same room for questions submitted covered a wide a similar purpose. The lunches served range of subjects, all the way from are free to the students, being the "double standard of morals," to financed by individuals and prepared the problems of predestination. Ques- and !';erved by the women of Dr. tions thm; submitted for discussion Kerr's church. must represent real problems or per- .A few days ago the writer had the plexities in the life or thought of those privilege of sitting as a visitor at a who present them. Nothing superfi- session of each of these classes, and cial or trivial, and no questions of was impressed, as anyone must be mere, idle curiosity are accepted.

who has a similar privilege, with sev- There is the utmost frankness in pre- eral unusual features. senting these questions and everyone Noting thc promptness and eager- so presented is considered seriously ness with which these young people and if possible answered with the assembled for this hour of social fel- same frankness and sincerity. There lowship and Bible study, it was quite is no attempt on the part of the natural to inquire what means or teacher to evade or substitute, or methods were employed to secure their merely moralize. Both teacher and attendance and how the attendance student are alike honest seekers after was kept up, every seat being filled. truth.

"The problem is not to keep up the These group gatherings partake of attendance, " replied the president of the nature of a Bible class, a forum the elass, "but to hold it down, that and a sort of confessional, for in this is, to keep it within the limits neces- atmosphere of sincerity and frankness sary for the best results." a mutual confidence between student The Thursday evening class, known and teacher prevails. The student as the "Toknon," fixes its own limit, feels that to this place he may come vacancies being filled by voting the with the problems that perplex him, applicant into membership in the assured of the utmost help.

class. The second, composed of Pitts- As a teacher of such groups of alert, burgh University students and known inquiring and open-minded students, 4

Dr. Kerr is peculiarly fitted. He has have not participated in the survey. a remarkable grasp of the funda- And each one thus taking part is to mental truths of the Christian reli- center petition upon a specific point. gion; understands the student mind Following out this plan closely, at and has those qualities of conviction, the last meeting a dozen different courage, tact and sympathy which people took part, and the entire prestudents admire in a teacher. He has lude did not occupy as much as fifa ready perception and appreciation teen minutes. 'rhus the main feature of the problem involved; a direct of the evening's program is given way of getting at the root of the mat- ample time, and variety is introduced ter; a most interesting and convinc- into the proceedings. ing way of revealing and applying the salient truths. He can make his Possibly a sample of the "reports" remarks pointed without wounding given may be suggestive. Take that and can differ without offending or of India: alienating. " A cable from ~elhi announces the When we think of the hundreds of passing of a resolution in the India young people, who during the past A.ssembly looking to a reduction of twelve years have passed through his opium use, and providing for a comclasses, found new light on the prob- mittee to examine into the Governlems of life, and a firmer footing of ment Opium Policy. In the discusfaith, we are sure that here is a man sion following the introduction of the who is doing much to mould aright a resolution, Sir Basil Blackett, Finance part at least, of the plastic age. Member, announced the government policy as aiming at a maximum of A "SWIFT SURVEY" revenue with a minimum output of opium, declaring that India has done By DAVID MCCONAUGHY more than any other country to re- duce the use of opium, and that at Uppel' Montclair, N. J. heavy loss of revenue. But it will not be forgotten that when the Amer- The Monthly Missionary Meeting ican delegates withdrew f.rom the Inof the Presbyterian Church of Upper ternational Opium Conference at Montclair, :t'j.. .J., regularly features, Geneva a few months ago, it was by way of prelude, a Swift Survey of mainly beeause the English repreworld events. Each of the seven sentative of the India Government remembers of the Missionary Commit- jected the proposal to prohibit the tee is assigned a segment of the circle production of opium except for meof the world-field as follows: dicinal purposes, and it is worthy of note that when this subject came up Our Home Land China in the India Assembly the principal Latin America India speech was made by a Christian, Dr. Africa Japan ·Chosen S. K. Datta, a speech which Sir Moslem World Basil himself described as ' a moderate The understanding is that the swift and sincere exposition of the tempersurvey will be kept "swift" in fact ance view of the suhject.' In contrast as well as in name. Each one is con- to it was the appeal made by Mr. fined to one minute, at the close of COsgrove, an English o:f6;cial, on bewhich, if necessary, the leader rises half of the coolies of Assam, who, he as a silent signal that the time is up. said, found a moderate use of opium It is not expected that anyone will a preventative of the evil effects of make a speech, but simply report a hard work and illness! Mr. McAllum, fact within the compass of a night another English official, defended the letter. The fact in each case is to be Burmah Government and ridiculed selected with special reference to call- some of the statistics cited, as not ing forth prayer, and when the cycle taking into account the consumption of reports has been completed, at once a season of prayer follows, in which those are asked to take part who

of opium by elephants, who he said, in the programs, supplemented by attake it in large doses!" tractive invitations to genuine friend- liness, since all are now in America. FROM ALL NATIONS, BUT The venture has now passed the ex- perimental stage and is proving its AMERICANS ALL worth in the increasing sociability of the women who attend. MRS. FRANK M. GOODCHILD The programs are varied from One of the l1W..t hopeful (woo'1r1>plishments month to month, the foreign women alrmg the 'cay of ilnter-racial friendship I1/l!d themselves furnishing the entertain- 'unilerstanding is being wrought out in New ment. One foreign group will be the York City by a {!roup of wom6'1'll in a month- reception committee, welcoming the ly Friendly Meeting. Mrs. Goodchild tells arrivals at the doors. Another group of the programs in a way thM will be sug- will serve the ;refreshments, taking gestive to other women who may Wl1/l!t to particular delight in offering some try the plan in other cities. national dainty as a surprise. The meeting opens with two or three Racial antipathy is one of the prim- popular hymns, one or two verses of itive instincts of humanity and yields each, sung without books, and often but slowly to the pacifying influence in several different languages, since of either civilization or culture. Even the older women may not understand followers of the Christian religion English. The Scripture is read by must battle long and hard against this one group in concert, and prayer is elemental dislike of one race for an- offered by a member of some other other. This aloofness may pass mus- race. The program continues from ter in countries where the foreign eight until nine and the next hour is population is small or isolated, but in devoted to games and refreshments. America, where the long-time citizen The games are of the variety to inis but a few generations removed from clude all. One evening picture postbeing himself a foreigner, and where cards of places in New York were cut he must perforce rub elbows with the into two irregular parts and distriblatest arrivals from. the ends of the uted, and the company became sucearth, a laissez-faire attitude is im- cessfully mixed in matching their possihle for either comfort or safety. Especially in Christian communities cards. or organizations, the hostile attitude should be broken down by the con- In F'ebruary the program took the vincing demonstration of some com- form of a Hero Night. One member mon interest. of each foreign congregation wrote on the blackboard the name of her Since women are notably the con- country's greatest hero and told the servatives of the world, yielding more reason :fo,r the choice, then the whole readily to prejudice because of the group sang a verse of their national narrow confines of domesticity, they anthem. Presently the names o:f are morc liable to the petty offenses twelve natable heroes were on the of racial antagonisms, and even board, and some of the women were though the Halian man may develop quite eloquent in their praises of a tolerable friendship for the Czecho- their countrymen. Garibaldi, Con- Slovak who works beside him, their fucins, Tolstoy, Booker Washington, wives are apt to pass each other with and Luther were all written there. a stony stare even in the church build- Then Washington and Lincoln were ing where both races hold their meet- added, with a word about their great ings. service to our country, and small pictures of these two patriots were In New York City an effort is be- distributed. A talk followed about ing made to associate the women of the "Name that is above every some of the foreign-speaking churches name, " and high oyer all the names in a monthly Friendly Meeting, and adopting the principle of Dr. Hahnemann that "Like cures like," liberal doses of nationality a,re administered

on the board was hung a card with patience, the utilization of every the name of Jesus Christ in illumi- amusement that is common to woman- nated letters, while the audience sang, kind, and a refusal to be defeated by "Take the Name of Jesus With You." occasional discouragement-these are Tiny American flags were given out all the equipment required to realize and held aloft while all sang, the same results in any town of for- "Our fatl18rs' God to Thee, eign populations.

Author of liberty, 'To Thee we sing." HOW A CHURCH CAN HELP A lively game of geography fin- ABOLISH WAR ished the evening. The star field of By DR. SIDNEY L. GULICK a 'large American flag was covered Every church in America should with plain blue muslin and forty- have a real share in the Christian eight white paper stars were given crusade to abolish war if it desires to out. Those holding the stars came do its full part in establishing the up and pinned them in plac.e, each Kingdom of God. There are several naming from memory a state of the things which every church, large or Union, and so re-making the field of small, can do. the states. Pro-mptly at ten o'clock there is always a great handshaking 1. Observe Armistice Day, Novemas we sing, "Good-night ladies, we're ber 11th, or Armistice Sunday by going to leave you now. " some appropriate service, and also provide in the Sunday-school, at least A "Grown-Up Kindergarten" twice a year, on the Sundays nearest proved a fascinating evening, the May 18th and Novemher 11th, an women sitting obediently on the tiny exercise or lesson on the abolition of chairs and going through the daily war and the way to achieve and mainkindergarten program, the talk be- tain permanent world peace. May ing, "How maya New York woman 18th, formerly .known as "Hague know that spring is coming." The Day" in commemoration of the first regular kindergarten games followed, Hague Conference (1899), since the skipping and Goosey Gander and all war is being observed as "Interthe rest, then refreshments of cocoa national Goodwill Day." and alphabet crackers, and every woman colored and cut out and 2. Promote the use of study courses pasted into form a life-size bluebird on World Justice and Peace by each to take home for happiness. of the groups and classes of young people and adults as a part of the Easter offered opportunity for an regular program during the year '8 "Egg Exchange" and a talk on "The activities. Four or five courses for legends of Easter, rabbits, eggs, study classes are now available and chickens and other Easter toys." at least two others are in course of Each woman brought a c.olored egg with her n am e and nationality preparation. scratched on it. These were collected 3. Establish a Peace Workers' and then redistributed so that no Library for the use of church memone should have her own. Then the bers and definitely encourage its use. leader called the name on the egg One or two dozen volumes would proshe had, and that woman stood up. vide the church a very good variety In turn she called the name on the and enable the readers to secure a egg she held until every woman in well-balanced view of the prohlems of the room was standing. They all war and peace.

took home their eggs, each with the 4. Adopt some declaration of faith name of a new friend. and purpose to work for a warless After all there is nothing remark- world. The" International Ideals"

able in the event. Sympathy, friend- of the churches might serve as a liness, careful preparation, infinite model or be adopted as it stands.

19'25] BEST METHODS

Interna.tional Ideals of the Churches should see that the entire membership of the church is informed and in- of Christ in America spired.

I. We believe that nations no less A Concrete Case than individuals are subject to God'8 immutable moral laws. The Broadway Tabernacle Church of New York City has already done II. We believe that nations achieve four of these five things, and is in true welfare, greatness and honor process of taking the fifth step, numonly through just dealing and unsel- ber four of the abo'Ve list. fish service. Its "Council 0 n International III. We believe that nations that Goodwill" consists of two representaregard themselves as Christian have tives each of the Church Committee, special international obligations. t.he Sunday-school, the Women's Missionary Society, the Young Men's IV. We believe that the spirit of Club and the Christian Endeavor So- Christian brotherliness can remove ciety. The Council meets when every unjust barrier of trade, color, called by the Chairman. The Comcreed and race. mittee on Literature has established an unusually fine collection of books V. We believe that Christian pa- for Peace Workers. The Council triotism demands the practice of printed a special flier on the World goodwill between nations. Court qucstion, which was distributed through the pews one Sunday morn- VI. We believe that international ing in January, 1925. All the groups policies should secure equal justice cooperated in securing signatures for all races. from church members to a petition to the Senate on the World Court ques- VII. We believe that all nations tion. A special committee of the should associate themselves perma- Council presented the World Court nently for world peace and goodwill. question to the New York City Federation of Churches, with a view VIII. We believe in international to having the matter acted on by all law, and in the universal use of in- the churches of New York. The ternational courts of justice and Council is preparing plans for observboards of arbitration. ing Goodwill Day in the Sunday- school. IX. We believe in a sweeping reduction of armaments by all nations. When fifty thousand churches follow this splendid example, the X. We believe in a warless world, Crusade for a Warless World will be and dedicate ourselves to its achieve- well on its way. ment. Churches or individuals desiring 5. Establish a Church Committee further information on this Crusade or Council on International Goodwill for a Warless World may write to to serve as the visible expression of the Federal Council of the Churches the interest of the church in world of Christ in America, 105 East 22d peace, to carry forward the various Street, New York City. peace activities of the church, and to cooperate with other churches in com- "That life is most worth living whose munity enterprises and programs in the establishment of a Christian work is most worth while." world order. "If we have not enough in 'our religion This committee, in the Case of a small church, might consist of only to drive us to share it with all the world, two persons besides the pastor. But it is doomod h~,re at home." every church should lay upon some two or three members the responsibil- "Other people arc talking brotherhood; ity of keeping in touch with other churches in this matter, so that it will the missionary is exemplifying it." be ready to do its part when the time for action comes. The committee

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QmxLAN, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY FARM AND CANNERY MIGRANTS came interested and in some cases at- By MARY EDITH P. OLIVER, tended evening classes and shared in Q.haitrman of the Committee the recreation. Bible stories were Another year of service among dramatized, verses learned and gos- Farm and Cannery Migrants has pels of Mark given to the children. demonstrated the immediate and vital They loved "the little red books." need of this work, and the successful One of the favorite verses was John 3: 16, and the hymns most often called program carried out wherever we for were" Jesus Loves the Little Chil- have had our stations has convinced dren of the World" and "Beneath the Committee that a practical solu- the Cross of Jesus." One little boy tion of the problem has been found. when asked the meaning of the phrase, The Women's Home Mission Boards "in the burning- of the noon-tide heat, "

of twelve denominations have coop- said," Oh! yes, that means being nice erated: Baptist, Christian, Congre- and good when it's hot and we're gational, Evangelical, Free Methodist, down in the fields. picking beans.!" Methodist Episcopal, Presbyterian, U. S. A., United Presbyterian, Prot- Undernourished children weI' e estant Episcopal, Reformed in Amer- given special attention; first aid was iea, Reformed, U. 8., United Breth- a daily occurrence, not only for the ren, the budget now beiug $10,000. children, but for the older boys, girls Under the able leadership of the and parents at work in the canneries.

Executive Supervisor, Miss Laura H. Children were taken to the hospital Parker, the eastern stations have in- by our workers when their mothers eluded two at Bel Air, Maryland, one could not leave their work.

each at Riverton, New Jersey, Stew- The daily program included day artstown, Pennsylvania, and Hurlock, nursery, playground work, les'Sons in Maryland, among Poles, Lithuanians, Am e I' i can citizenship, sanitation, Italians and Negroes. 'fhe program home making and Christian living, has covered varying periods of from with Bible stories and prayer.

four to eight weeks according to local At Stewartstown the handwork of conditions and needs. The coopera- the children merited the award of tion of managers of eastern canneries, first prize at the County Fair.

and their expressed appreciation, has The activities of the Supervisor been helpful and encouraging. have included in part, the selection As heretofore, most of the workers of the workers, supervision of the at the stations were college girls who eastern stations and, through corre- responded to this opportunity for spondence, those in the West, present- service. The applicants were so un- ing the need and the program to usually well prepared that it was dif- college groups, 10 c a I federations, ficult to choose. The personnel at each women's and young people '8 mission- station was, therefore, remarkably fine, ary societies, women's clubs and and under the guidance of these leaders schools of missions. The use of the most satisfactory progress was made. stereopticon lecture has been helpful The central theme chosen was The and effective, the two sets being much Home in Relation to Health, Educa- in demand.

Hon and Religion. Not only did the Many of the committee members children respond wonderfully to this have contributed generously of their broad program, but their mothers be- time in the interest of publicity, nn- 470 merous addresses haviNg been made Don Nunamaker Ranch in Hood by them. The Committee on Student River County financed jointly by sev- Work has cooperated in the presenta- eral apple growers, the parents of the tion of the program to various col- children enrolled and the Committee leges and schools. on Farm and Cannery Migrants.

"The Kingdom of Love," a pag- After weighing applications from eant written for the Committee by more than thirty cities and counties Ruth Mougey Worrell was most suc- in the eleven Pacific coa.t and Rocky cessfully given at the Northfield In- Mountain states, the Cc;mmonwealth terdenominational Hom eMission Fund has chosen Marion County, Ore- Conference in July, 1924. gon, of which Salem is the County < seat, for a Child Health Demonstra- The latest development has been in tion, thus proving the pressing need the Northwest, where at the request of that' district. The population is of an interdenominational group of estimated at 55,000, 90% Americanwomen, under the immediate super- born. It is essentially rural, Salem "ision of Miss Louise F. Shields work having a population of 25,000. The has been begun in Salem among the varied crops-berries, nuts, hops, flax hop pickers and among the apple har- -and the developing dairying and vesters in the Hood River Valley, canning interests indicate a great Oregon. It is estimated that there variety of resources as well as probare 50,000 migratory workers in that lems incident to a chronic migratory section during the summer and fall, labor population. .As aptly expressed many Americans, some Orientals. by Miss Shields, it is "salvaging bruised and broken lives for the Miss Shields, who is also secretary Kingdom of God." of the Seasonal Employment Commission of Oregon had made a survey Taking into consideration the army in 1923, following a trip in 1922 to a of migratory children in California, estimated at from five to ten thousand, large hop ranch which convinced her many of whom "as fast as Nature of the need of work. At this ranch turns the cycle pick the crops"; the she had persuaded the owner to put young people in the Alaskan canon a program of health and recrea- neries, the children in the beet fields tion. As our representative during of Colorado and Michigan and in the the season of 1924 she has been" sell- onion marshes of Ohio-aU of whom ing the idea" to various ranch owners need just this type of Christian social and paving the way for a much larger service-it is the hope of the Commitprogram another year. Many of the tee that increased resources will make children in the West, as in the East, possible the development of the work are under-nourished and are suffering wherever migratory families can be from serious physical handicaps. reached.

It is gratifying to know that a be- A social worker in a large organiginning has been made in Oregon ~ation writes of this Farm and Canalong the line of citizensnip training. nery service, "It is the soundest piece Through the Oregon Superintendent of Americanization work it has been of Public Instruction it was found my gratification to see." that many of the children do not attend school because the parents want Mary E. McDowell, Commissioner their earnings, or because they feel of Public WeHare in the city of Chiunable to buy suitable clothing or cago, reminds us that "in the playbooks, or because their period of resi- time of their lives, over one million dence is too short in any community children are working for wages in this to make it worth while. Two schools 'land of the brave and the home of were maintained at the Horst ranch the free.' These children are from in Polk County during the hop har- ten to fourteen years of age, and don't vest with all expenses paid by the forget tbat they are the seed corn of ranch manage!llent, and one at· the

the nation's future and the fruit of its for use and a bibliography are to be past. The child who goes to the wage- inclUded in the chapters.

earning world before his playtime of It will be about 128 pages and will life is over is cheated of his God-given be published for the Federation ana rights. The weary child is apt to be Council by the Central Committee or.

weak physically, and is generally the the United Study of Foreign Mission!>.

bitter-sour man that is quarrelsome All orders should be sent to MiSb and cannot think straight. The over- M. H. Leavis, West Medford, Mash.

worked girls cannot be the strong. The price will probably be 30 cents b mothers of vigorous children. It is single copy, 25 cents in lots of ten..

an awful thing for any country to make her children weary-worn. You, THE BLIND as patriotic Americans, will demand Items from the report or the Committee or the Home Missions Council a.nd Council of that every child, black or white, for- eign-born or American-born, shall Women for Home Missions. Irene Ha.islip. Ohairman. have a right to play and work under conditions that give the spiritual life The National Committee for the a chance to develop, for we must never Prevention of Blindness has reported forget that over a million and a half that from 1910 to 1920 there has been of wage-p,arning children in our great a decrease of 5,000 blind because of . prompt treatment and precautionary country are children of God and measures taken by public health orfuture governors of our Republic." ganizations and by school officials.

ON EARTH, PEACE Over against this, this same Com- mittee has announced that from Sep- The Conference on the Cause and tember, 1923, to September, 1924, Cure of War recommended that each 4,456 men, women and children have of the participating organizations been partially or totally blinded plan a program to· make effective the through accidents. findings of that Conference. A booklet on peace suitable for forum use by Once a year a play is given at one summer conferences and schools of of the theatref< in New York City for missions, as well as groups next the blind; 1,150 blind attended the winter, has been decided to be one of performance last fall. the best methods for the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions Several non-sectarian organi2;ations and the Council of Women for Home which are interested in the blind are Missions. making an cffort to place a radio set in the home of every blind person in On Earth, Peace is to be the title this country. of this booklet which is to contain six chapters as follow: "Is War Consis- A committee appointed by the Mistent with the Christian Way of Life" souri Commission for the Blind is inby Miss Rhoda McCulloch, "The In- yestigating two-side Braille printing terracial Situation in America" by and hopes in a year to perfect plans }irs. D. E. Waid, "Christianizing for such printing in this country. International Relations" by Miss Margaret E. Burton, "Discussion of The Sunday-School Board of the Causes of War" by Mrs. E. H. Silver- Southern Baptist Convention, having thorn, "Discussion of Cures of War" become interested in the blind, has ap- pointed a Field Secretary and appro- priated $20,000 for this work.

by Mrs. John Ferguson, "The Definite The National Council of the Protes- Task of Church W om,en» by Mrs. tant Episcopal Church has a great Henry W. Peabody, and appendix work for the blind and this past year containing text of the League of Na- has had embossed 100 grand old tions Protocol, Worlc. Court and the hymns, besides a booklet, a calendar Findings of the Conference on the and a Christmas card for 150 of its Cause and Cure of War. Suggestions blind constituency.

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY MISS ELLA D. MAOLAURIN, 25 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY ISOLATIONISTS OR COOPERATORS bilities voluntarily assumed by the great body of missionary women in For all our generosity and good will our churches, of the splendid service we tend to be in one sense at least, that has been and is being rendered by a nation of isolationists. Asia, Africa, these millions of women _ volunteer ]<Jurope and Latin America are very and employed workers, serving on far away from our daily lives and Boards and Committees, serving as thinking. Most of us are so engrossed officers and as lay workers, giving in our own affairs that the great time energy, strength, ability, money, changes taking place and the prob- pra;er, a great host, doing a maa~gncoifni– lems stirring in the lives of these, to cent piece of work. And, yet I us far distant people, have little if vinced that our Master s word IS not any place in our concern. Many of being entirely fulfilled. That a us even in our good deeds, our gener- greater work than this can we do if ous alleviation of suffering, our altru- we are ready to meet certain condi- istic missionary impulses and en- tions. We must cease being isolationdeavor tend 'to meet these situations ists and become true cooperators. But without perspective and rather senti- how can this be done? What are these mentally and subjectively. We hear conditions?

the appeal or know the need as a more I heard Dr. Julius Richter of Berlin or less isolated fact and do not see, or speak here in New York a few days we disregard, the ocean of cause a~d effect flowing and eddying around It. ago. In tracing the development of missions he said that in the 18th Cen- We think of the "suffering orphan" tury the responsibility for foreign m~s­ or the "needy heathen" and our sions seemed to rest on Germany, III hearts and purse strings are touched the 19th century that responsibility and loosened. had shifted to Great Britain, but that But we must have more than gener- in the 20th century the largest part ous impulses'and even more than their of that responsibility had unquestion- equally generous responses, if there is ably fallen upon North America:-the to be such a thing as a Christian Amer- United States and Canada. ThIS beica sharing her opportunities and gifts ing so, what an overwhelming r~spon­ with the rest of the world. sibility is ours! How are we gOIllg to We muSt get a true perspective, meet it? In disputes over woman'8 come to understand relationships and place in the Church, in controversy, in approach the situation, not merely: as multiplying organizations Y None of benefactors, but as intelligent Chris- these will fit U8 to meet that grave retians. We must study the wholeness sponsibility, though some may be con- of the situation and come to see clearly ,cinced that we and the Church as a that the present missionary enterpr~se is tied up with many and complex lU- whole could together meet it better if terrelationships which we must under- women were given recognition in the ecclesiastical organization of the stand and learn: how to meet if we are Church and in the making of its to do with God, the great piece of policies.

work He unquestionably expects us to Let me suggest some practical ways do. which we can put into operation im- I am thinking particularly of our mediately to develop cooperation with Women's Mission Boards and De- the plan of God to meet the needs of partments, of the special responsi- the world.

473

First, let me suggest that we need a of the Gospel of Peace as taught b), much more intelligent knowledge than the missionaries from the West. Can most of ns now possess, of the whole you 1 situation of the missionary enterprise. We are only beginning to realiz(l The missionary information of the that the world and its peoples are average person is mainly some isolated rapidly being bound together in one and rather vague facts about what her bundle of life through the annihila- own deuomination is doing in certain tion of space by means of steam.

countries, but as to the status or prog- electricity, radio, air craft; by edu· ress of missions as a whole, Oil' the cation and the printed page; by dip.

problems which are seriously compli- lomatic and political relationships.

cating the situation of our missionary We are coming very slowly to this enterprise in foreign lands she knows world consciousness. It has been said but little. that the 19th century made the world Some of those problems are grow- a neighborhood, but it remains for the ing out of political and diplomatic re- 20th century to make of that world a lationships of America with the lands brotherhood. We have thought and in which our missionary work is being talked about the theory of a Christian developed; some serious complications world citizenship but the practice has are arising from the new and rapid been found too difficult to be put into industrialization of the Far East; operation to any large extent.

others from the rapid development of How many of us are studying the a strong nationalistic sentiment, great cultures of the world so that our coupled with the desire for self-de- fraternity shall lie a critical and sym- termination, which is expressing itself pathetic nnderstanding and not a also in a natural desire for control in vague undisciplined mood of gener- the National Christian Church and in osity toward unknown peoples? How mission activities and po-licies. The many of us have tried to learn what growth of westernized, scientific edu- life means to the varied racial groups cation and the fact that the East has of the world, or what is implied in the come to know that much of Western personal experience or of the search- civilization and practices is often more ing after God in the world's religions'

pagan than Christian, have added still How many of us understand the na- more complications. A Chinese stu- tional ambitions, the traditions, the dent in the United States in response history of every great and significant to an appeal to become a Christian, racial group 1 said, "Christianity is theoretically the This last question leads us to realideal religion with the most exalted ize the interdependence of interna- ethics. but as I have observed it in tional and interracial factors. We of America, it doesn't work." As Mr. the Anglo-Saxon race have been ac- Chesterton has said, "Christianity cused, and, I fear justly, of what is has not been tried and found to be a termed a "Nordic Complex." The failure, it has been found difficult and conviction of the superiority of the so not tried. " This explains much of Nordic; the white races, is so in- the lack of Christian practice and liv- trenched in our minds and we are so ing in the world today. The peoples equally sure of the inferiority of all of the East are also saying that it is colored. races that we need to make a the West which has taught them the eareful study, such as was offered us art of modern warfare, that might during this past year on "The Way makes right and that the amount of of Christ in Racc Relations." I am influence a nation has in international wondering how many of us took this affairs is conditioned upon the opportunity to think this grave and strength of its armies and navies. serious question through. trying really This they cannot reconcile with the to find "Christ '8 Way." The time principles of Christianity, the message haiS come when we can no longer go

1925J WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

to these peoples of the East with their secure cooperative action I suggest a aneient and rieh heritages and eivili- renewal of our prayer life. zations in a spirit of condecension, as superiors and benefactors, but must I have just finished reading the go in the truly Christ-like spirit of latest book published by the Central helpers and cooperators, working Committee on the United Study of with, not for them. Foreign Missions, "Prayer and Mis- siom;" by Helen Barrett Montgomery, My first plea then is for a fresh ap- and I am rejoicing that hundreds of proach with unbiased, unprejudiced thousands of our missionary women minds to a restudy and a clear evalua- throughout the United States are this tion of the whole situation of the mis- year to study this book. It should be sionary enterprise. Material varied in the hands of every woman in the and interesting is available for our Church and it should be placed there reading and study. Latin America, and followed up with the prayer that which is one of our study themes for it may be the means of awakening, or this year, should be considered with reawakening, the prayer life of these these large issues in mind and our individual women. The possibilities relationships and responsibilities to- inhering in this little volume are inward these countries south of us, our calculable when used by God's Spirit. nearest neighbors, yet so little known It should be the means of liberating a or understood. The possibilities of great volume of prayer for the cause cooperation gl-owing out of an intelli- which we all hold dear; the means of gent and sympathetic understanding liberating needed funds and workers; of other peoples and their problems, the means of realizing God's plan for problems which the West has all too the world to those who seek to know often created or COmplicated, should His purpO'3es and to do His will. stimulate us to seek the information needed and then to use it in the wisest, Let us then, the missionary women finest, most Christlike types of service. of America, a force of incalculable My second practical suggestion is potentiality, cease to be isolationists, for a reviving of our spiritual im- which means self-centered, and bepulses, a return to the source of our come cooperators-Chl'isto-Centric. power in order that we may be able to render the service needed, which Let us come to see and know and service must be in the strength and love our brethren more nearly as our the might of our God through the operations of His Holy Spirit. Master and Lord sees and knows and loves them. This attitude of mind In order to carry through this great and heart will become possible as we task which our Master has left us to strive to know Him and His purposes do, our Christianity must have a more clearly, and our brother more depth, a vigor, a vitality, a warmth of truly. love, and that quality of loyalty which will make our obedience and our serv- May we let His spirit of intercesice acceptable and usable. sion and communion sweep through us, liberating His mighty workings As a third practical suggestion to for a world that so sorely needs Him and what He alone can give.

-Katharine V. Silverthorn.

T HE Editorial Committee of the Federation of Woman's BO'lrds of Foreign Missions of North America takes pleasure in the announcement of a series of articles by noted leaders and by outstanding Nationals of China, India and Japan who are themselves the product of foreign missions.

Every woman will read the first article from our own President, Mrs. E. II. Silverthorn, and will give it the widest publicity in her church, city and state.

Note also the valuable article in this issue by Mrs. Chas. K. R<>ys (page 451).

FROM.MANYLANDS

AFRIOA who is nearest to the Kingdom has Arablc Books in North Africa evidently been preaehing the Gospel ANEW and enlarged edition of a zealously, because one of his col- Christian hymn hook in J.rabic, leagues smilingly asked us, 'Are you for the use of Mohammedan-speaking trying to make a m1tbasshir (evanpeoples of North Airica, has been is- gelist) out of him?' Dr. Zwemer sued under the direction of the Rev. turned to the 8th Psalm, and read in Percy Smith, missionary of the Meth- the sonorous monotone they like to odist Episcopal Church in Algeria. u:se for sacred books that splendid He has also published the first two panegyrie of God's works in Nature, parts of a metrical life of Christ writ- amid the reverent approbation of the ten in modern North Africa Arabic. sheikhs who stood about. Then he There will be ten parts to the work turned to the 51st Psalm and marked a few verses there about sin and forwhen completed. Because o.f the form of the Koran, giveness, and I added: 'You must be and the way that it is chanted in the sure, 0 sheikh, to read the 32d mosques, any religious book that can Psalm. ' I wrote on the fiyleaf of be chanted makes a strong appeal to each of the Bibles, 'Presented to Mohammedans. It is hoped through Sheikh – – , .A,zhar University, Cairo, these two volumes to reach a large from the American Bible Society,' number with the Cbristian message. and added our address. Twenty Dr. Smith, with the help of the Amer- years, ten years ago, such a visit ican Christian Literature Soeiety for would have been unthinkable. God is Moslems (New York), has in prepa- answering prayer and giving growth ration a Freneh translation of Muir's to the seed sown. One of these days , 'Mahomet and Islam," for use by -in His own time-there is going to young Moslem students enrolled in eome the mighty harvest from all French schools. This book is an at- these Bibles, Testaments and gospels tempt to depict the great Islamic put into the hands of the leaders and leader apart from the halo of glory teachers of Islam."

whieh bistory has built around him. REV. Modern Life in Oongoland JOHN M. AND MRS. Moslems and the Bible REV. J. OSCAR BOYD, Secretary SPRINGER have been repre- of the Arabic-Levant Agency of senting the Methodist Episcopal the American Bible Society, describes Church for OVer twenty years in the a visit made by Dr. S. M. Zwemer, Belgian Congo, and they have seen Rev. Percy Smith of Algiers and extraordinary changes during that others to EI-Azhar University in period. Mrs. Springer recently wrote: Cairo: "It is amazing how one can "Cannibals and Ford cars! Sounds now walk into that old' stronghold of rather incongruous, doesn't itT But Moslem fanaticism and propaganda the motor ear is rapidly penetrating and present the Bible or a gospel and the remotest regions of the Dark Con- meet with nothing but a friendly weI- tinent and the cannibals can already come and hands stretehed out for the hear the warning honk, honk. Yes, books. We took with us four Arabie and what will yon say when I tell you Bibles and a quantity of Matthew's that I had the white children of my Gospel for presentation, and we had a Sunday-school here on New Year's fine reception. One of the sheikhs and gave them all the ice cream and 476 cake they could eat! Motor cars, ice whole of Kenya is being touched by cream, what next f This is a very dif- the mission work in Nairobi." For ferent Africa from the one to which some time past it has been usual on we came more than twenty years ago. Sunday mornings for two congrega- On the streets one sees white ladies tions of reverent worshippers each and black maidens dressed alike in numbering about a thousar:d, to the latest fashion. Weare very IIp- crowd into the mission buildings. A to-date even to a lack of morals. It business man was so impressed with would be very enlightening to know the work he saw in Nairobi that he ·how many white people there are in gave a considerable sum towards the building of a large stone church capathis place who pass for man and wife ble of holding two thousand people. that really have legal partners else- This church was dedicated on Decemwhere in the world. Flagrant ex- ber 20th, and the following day ten amples of drunkenness and immoral- Africans were ordained deacons by ity have their effect most emphatically the Bishop of Mombasa. On Christon the native population. But we are mas Day the Duke and Duchess of glad to say that there are many of the York attended the morning service. natives constantly coming to us and saying, 'I am tired of living in sin Methodist Work in Rhodesia and wickedness and I want to turn to God.' And turn they do by the scores THE mission of the Methodist Episand hundreds. That is what makes copal Church in Rhodesia, South missionary life endurable, and that Africa, has seen not only great only. Neither motor cars nor good, growth in numbers during the past comfortable houses, nor plenty of twenty years, but also interesting food including ice cream would miti- progress along other lines. Rev. W. gate the discouraging conditions. But C. Gardner, of Old Umtali, speaks or feeding these hungry souls not only "the change in the atmosphere of the mitigates the evH conditions but two, hundred kraals and centers makes us joyously happy that we are where our native workers are either here. " stationed or go with the Christian message. Though the followers 0.£ Wheless Station for Cen.tral Africa Christ are faced with temptation in THE erection at Ujiji, Lake Tan- its peculiar African forms, a Chris- ganyika, of a wireless station has tian standard of conduct is displacemphasized the tremendous develop- ing superstition and fear and many ment in Africa since Livingstone '8 of the distinctly heathen customs and day. Mr. Basil Mathews, comment- beliefs are being abandoned under the ing on this, refers to a letter from impact of enlightenment. The new Livingstone in which ha remarks, "It convert finds himself surrounded bv is a year since I had any news from those who understand his temptatioU:s Europe. " Stanley when he at last and are ready to help him." One of found Livingstone at Ujiji in 1871 the outstanding developments during handed over letters dated 1869. .A the past twenty years has been the message can now be sent between Methodist Mission Press for which a London and Ujiji in, it is stated, one new building has just been erected fortieth of a second. and a modern drum-cylinder-press Church for 2,000 Africans installed for book work. Two hun- dred Christian hymns have been A CONSTANT stream of people of translated, set to music and printed all tribes throughout East Africa in African dialects. On this press a go to Nairobi, a busy town in Kenya large number of tracts and booklets Colony, seeking employment. Arch- have been printed and colporteurs deacon Doulton, a visitor from the C. are going out into hundreds of native M. S. Tanganyika Mission, says that villages spreading gospel portions it is "no exaggeration to say that the and other Christian literature.

A "Packed" Congregation fourteen Egyptian pounds to the THE Right Rev. J. J. Willis, Alumni Fund to pay the tuition of a Bishop of Uganda, writes in the meritorious student for a year. Mrs. Church Missionary Outlook on the Shaldr is one of the leaders of the mass movement towards Christianity Feminist Movement in Egypt and secin his diocese. Of a scene in the retary of the Woman's League of Cairo. She is registered as a special Bukedi district he says: , 'Two long, seemingly interminable student in the School of .Arts and lines of dark figures, craning forward, Sciences. Unveiled, but with her hair smiling, cheering, clapping their covered, she pursues her studies with hands in a vociferous welcome. At the men students without embarrassthe end of the two lines a neatly built ment. Her husband is studying in church, the size of which, by compari- the School of Commerce at the Unison with the crowd to be accommo- versity.

dated, seems as nothing. The crowd Je.rusalem Y. M. C. A. Building pours in, until the church is filled to the doors. No pews or chairs occupy DR. JOHN R. MOTT reports that valuable space–the people sit shoul- a friend of the Y. M. C. A. has der to shoulder on the floOO'. And given $400,000 for a modern Associathen the church, already filled, is tion building in Jerusalem. He atpacked by a simple but drastic proc- tached two conditions to his gift: ess. The ~ongregation is told to one, that his name should never be stand, then to move forward, until known, and the other, that there shall the whole is wedged into a solid mass; be placed in the building a tablet statthe space left at the back is filled ing that it has been erected for the from the waiting crowd outside, and glory of God and in memory of His then the resultant mass is told to sit only begotten Son, our Lord. When down as best it can! That in such a this incident was mentioned, a day or congregation, thus uncomfortably two later, another Christian, who, in packed, there should be silence, and the same spirit, will not let his name eVen a certain reverence, is in itself be mentioned, promised to give as remarkable. And when it is remem- much as $25,000 toward providing a bered that almost all of these are pipe organ for the building, that from young people, the best of them only this Christian center overlooking removed by a few short years from Jerusalem and the Holy Land, there savagery, the sense of wonder grows might ascend praises to the Redeemer. deeper." His example led another friend to make a gift of $12,000 to provide THE NEAR EAST chimes for the tower of the building. When these gifts were reported to Prize for Moslem Woman one of the leading Jewish lawyers in !MONG seven contestants in an ora- New York he was so deeply impressed !. torical contest for Arabic-speak- that he promised to secure by April ing students at the University of 1st for this building enterprise Beirut in February, the prize was $50,000.

won by Mrs. Ahmad Shakir, of Egypt, the first Moslem woman to Jewish Agency for Pa.lestlne D enroll at the University. Her sub- R. WEIZMANN, president of the ject was, "Show Them (the women) . World Zionist Organization, the Light." She spoke in favor of characterized as "the most far-reach- liberal education for women and the ing event that has happened in the abolition of the veil by Moslem history of the Jewish people in many women. After the Governor had de- years," the recent reconciliation of clared the winners, it was announced Zionists, Non-Zionists,' and Anti- that Mrs. Shakir had added an equal Zionists concerning the Jewish re- sum to her prize and presented the colonizing of Palestine. Under the

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

League of Nations, Great Britain has for this opportunity. These young been the mandatory power for Pales- men themselves are helping in grad- tine, but in accordance with this ar- ing and laying out the avenues on and rangement the Jewish Agency for about the campus.-The Continent.

Palestine has been recognized as the appropriate public body for the pur- Moderniza.tion of Baghdad pose of advice and cooperation. The THE Christian statesmanship which Zionist organization has virtually led the foreign mission boards of been this agency, and up till the preB- the American Presbyterian and Reent the cooperation of Non-Zionists formed Churches to o,rganize a united has not been possible. The different mission for the occupation of Mesofactors no,w seem to, have established potamia, beginning with Baghdad a working cooperative basis, and the and Mosul, has been referred to more appro¥al o,f Great Britain and o,f the than once in the REVIEW. Many re- I,eague of Nations will be sought for ports are now coming of the ways in the reestablishment and recognition which the fo,rmer city is being of the Jewish Agency on a basis that modernized, and its c,onsequent imwill make it co,nsist o,f a Co,uncil of portance as a missio,nary center. One one hundred and flity and an execu- missionary writes of seeing" an Arab tive co,mmittee o,f eighteen, the Co,un- Sheikh, with his flowing garments cil to be composed of fifty per cent and distinctive headgear, sitting on a Zionists and fifty per cent Non- corner bootblack chair, having his Zionists, forty per cent of the Non- American shoes shined by an Ar- Zionist bo,dies to be representative of menian bootblack." An article in the American Jewry. New York Times giveB the following Teheran College Opened present-day facts about this ancient THE cornerstone o,f the first real city: "Tourists are flocking into the college in Persia was laid last place. Round-the-world air men autumn. The exercises were simple, dropped down there dThring the sumthe only guests being the scho,ol, the mer. There is a daily train service to alumni and a group of Americans. Basra, and weekly motor convoy serv- "According to custom," writes Mrs. ices to Ramadan, Teheran and Enzeli. S. M. Jordan, a sheep had been sacri- When an airplane mail service to ficed and all the workmen-brick- London, via Cairo, was established layers, carpenters and o,thers-had a two years ago passengers for London feast of mutton stew and melons, thus had to go via India. This co,nsumed giving these humble helpers a share a month, but now motor transports in the general happiness. Dr. Jo,r- carry patro,ns west to, London in from dan, the principal, the architect and nine to twelve days at half the cost of the Persian head maso,n moved the the old journey. There are now five sto,ne into place, and concrete made distinct lines of travel by land and o,f Portland cement imported fro,m sea to London."

Russia was Po,ured about it. The list o,f signatures o,f those who, had taken INDIA AND SIAM part in the breaking o,f ground for India Grateful for Bible A the new institution last May and the HINDU paper published in Bom- bay, The Indian Social Reformer, Bible and New Testament in English and Persian were among the objects commenting on a report of the Britplaced in the co,rnersto,ne. During ish and Foreign Bible Soeiety, says: the ceremony· two, go,vernment air- "It may be safely said that the most planes, circling abo,ut o,verhead, abiding testimony to the work of added to the picturesqueness o,f the Christian missions is the bringing of scene. College wo,rk began sho,rtly the Bible within the reach of all afterward, with two, classeB o,f young classes and communities. No one who men who had been waiting for years knows the facts will deny that mod-

ern Hinduism has in its essential ;re- Bombay, Doctor Mistri says that of spects been profoundly vivified by its Hindu children 90 per cent, and of contacts with Christ's teaching. The Mohammedan children 75 per cent impact of Christianity on Hindu are doped from birth until two years thought is but faintly reflected in the old. It is also given to children to Indian Christian community. Its appease hunger – a sidelight on the largest manifestation is to be found poverty of the masses.

in the unique way in which Hindu life and thought have been reacting Disciples' Jubilee in India to it. India will always gratefully remember the service rendered by the THE Jubilee celebration in America Christian missions in putting her in of the Disciples denomination was possession of the Bible to read in her reported in the Review. In India own languages and to interpret in the the leaders sought in their celebralight of her own great spiritual t<radi- tion to double the membership and to tions and experiences…. The book is make every Christian an intercessor, being studied and searched for the a proportionate giver, a pledged abspirit of Christ independently of the stainer, and a voluntary worker. dogmas of the churches. The Bible Every station has at least partly athas undoubtedly given a great stimu- tained these aims. Stewardship of lus to religious thought in India, and money, time an,d service was stressed the society which has made it its busi- with very gratifying results in many ness to place it within easy reach of instances. These Christians in India all is rendering a great service to the are learning to give to people in other world." countries. The junior society in Harda sent five dollars to help build Opium Given to Babies the chapel at Akita, Japan. The amount pledged as the Golden Jubi- THE National Christian Council of lee gift from India was $3,346, most India, at the request of the Inter- of which will go to Africa. In many' national Missionary Council, has pre- cases people sacrificed much in order pared a report on the use of opium in to give. In Maudaha everyone, even India which is very interesting, the poorest, gave at least one sixteenth though sad, reading. On the question of their income. In Bina two evanof the proportion of the drug that is gelists gave half a month '8 salary.

used medically or to meet the de- mands of the opium habit, the report Aspects of Everyday India R quotes evidence supplied by both In- EV. NICOL MAcNICOL, of the United Free Church of Scotland dian and Western doctors and edueators which shows that about three mission, has ;recently written a book, fifths of the total amount of opium is "The Making of Modern India," The used by addicts. One of the worst following comment made on it by the features of the situation is the terrible Dnya,nodaya is itself a summary of prevalency of doping little children. conditions in present-day I n d i a: In almost every part of India it ap- "The reader is reminded that the pears that the custom of giving opium two typical figures in the Indian landpills to small children prevails. scape are the money-lender and the Usually it is not continued beyond the 'holy man'; . . . that the doetrine age of two or three years, but up to of Karma held by most Hindus 'has that age there is indubitable evidence done more than any other doctrine to that the custom is distressingly wide- enervate them and reduce them to spread. It is given for various rea- lethargy and despair-morally, in a sons. The commonest is the mother's word, to bleed India white,' exercisdesire to stop the child's crying, par- ing 'a paralyzing influence from ticularly in the case of mothers who which India must be set free if she is work as operatives in factories. In to progress at all,' since the doctrine

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

has helped to forge India's three ber of Medical Missions and was later quoted in W m'ld Dmninion. The heaviest chains, viz., her asceticism, writer of this article gave an account of an experiment made by teaching her passive acceptance of things as jungle women what to do in simple cases of eye trouble; how to feed and they are, and her belief in an inex- nurse dysentery cases; how to avoid infection in epidemics of smallpox orable fate; that 'there is nothing and cholera; cleaner methods in mid- wifery work and how to treat infanrooted more deeply in the soul of the tile diseases. Commenting upon this experiment, the Editor said: "Edu- Indian peasant than his sense of God; cationally, . , .the value of such work is immense. Until we have taught . . . and in the making of modern people to do things for themselves we have accomplished nothing. It is the India they reckon ill that leave Him greatest of all achievements to enter their lives at their level and build out' ; that two of the greatest ob- forom the bottom up. ,Videspread work like that at Chota Nagpur would stacles to Indian Christianity are 'the hasten perhaps more than anything else the spiritual and physical, the poverty of the Indian Church' and material and intellectual develop- ments we long to see, " 'the downward pull of the mass move- New Hospital in Siam ments as these pour year by year ig- THE opening of the McCormick norant multitudes into the Church'; Hospital in Chiengmai, Siam, was an occasion of great reJoicing, and and that the two greatest aspirations among the distinguished guests pres- ent was the brother of the King of of Indian Christian leaders are 'to Siam, who studied public health at Harvard. Dr, E. C, Cort gave the have a Christlike character and to history of medical work in Siam "from the time Dr, McGilvary first have the Indian spirit.' . introduced quinine and vaccination for smallpox into Chiengmai" At Baluchistan Christians that time whole villages in one dis- trict would be wiped out by smallpox I N Quetta, one of the most important in a single epidemic; today in the cities of Baluchistan, the English same region there have been barely have a strong military post; and fifteen cases in the last fifteen years. largely for military purposes have 'fhe hospital plant so far consists of built an excellent railroad and motor the surgical building and a ward road clear across the country to group. In the latter is a ward for Chaman, three miles from the Afghan European and American patients, the border. Both English and American gift of British teak timber firms in missionaries are at work in Quetta. North Siam, which is divided into E. E. McCannon, who recently visited four large private rooms. 'fhe kitchen the Methodist missionaries there, and dining room were the gift of the writes: Chiengmai Christian community. Another building, directly across the "Here we have a dispensary, which street, when finished, will be the home ministers not only to the villagers, of the missionary doctor. but also to many of the Afghans who come from far out in the interior. This is in charge of a fine Afghan Christian doctor. Here we also have a school and a wide-awake pastor and church, with a Christian community of nearly two hundred. Notice was sent out that we had arrived and that a Christian service would be held at noon. The chapel was well filled at this unusual hour. On its wall is a memorial tablet to the :first Christian of this community, who also became the first martyr."

New Type of Medical Work ASUGGESTfVE article, entitled "A New Venture in Chota Nagpur," appeared in the February num-

CHINA tianity," the writer says: "Now he is allowed to carry out his peaceful A New Constitution for China plans. He had all along been train- ing his soldiers in all the arts of AWIRELESS message from Peking peace, as weavers, farmers, carpen- to the New York 'l'imes, dated ters, etc. And now comes his ap- April 21st, gives a pessimistic picture pointment as defense commissioner of the political outlook in China, for. the northwest. He has planned which it is to be hoped futUJ"e events for fifty-one villages of 200 families will not justify. It said: "The re- each, the settlers to he given full organization conference to consider transportation, and a house of three means of restoring China to peaceful rooms each, with furniture to be reand constitutional conditions, which turned in two years. So his dishas been sitting for the last three banded soldiers will become useful months, was officially dissolved today citizens. He is making arrangements after much formal discussion which for getting the best breeds of cattle, had very little tangible result. The bees, etc., as well as most useful forconference, however, may have ful- eign farming implements and applifilled its purpose by ordaining the ances. He quietly lives down the summoning of citizens to a confer- slanders circulated about him. He is ence, which will report to a commis- the most splendid demonstration of sion appointed to draft a new consti- the value of practical Christianity to tution. Delegates to the conference China." will be eLected by provinces, but as the provinces are totally under the Union Conference in Chengtn thumbs of the militarists the ordinary citizen is not likely to be powerfully I N Chengtu, Szechwan Province was represented, and as the commission is held in January an "All-Church to be nominated by the Government General Conference in Western brought to office by military agency, China," which brought together repthe character of the constitution resentatives of all the missionary which it will prepare will not be un- agencies at work in that distant reduly democratic. gion. A similar gathering in 1908 led to the organization of a central , 'Meanwhile the provisional Senate educational system and the founding is to be convened forthwith to give in Chengtu of an interdenominational constitutional color to the situation, Christian university for the training which is so irregular that the Parlia- of pastors, teachers, physicians and ment which elected President Tsao lay leaders. The 1925 conference was Kun eighteen months ago has not composed of 500 delegated church even been dissolved. It simply melted leaders and 250 accredited guests, away when judicial proceedings were some of whom traveled two weeks announced against those legislators from their mission stations to attend who had been bribed to make the the conference and was overwhelmaforesaid election." ingly Chinese in membership. All the chief officers of the conference Mal'8hal Feng's New Work were Chinese; every committee had a Chinese chairman and secretary; TRIBUTES to Marshal Fang Yu English was not allowed upon the Hsiang, both as a Christian and a floor of the conference except in the patriot, from people who know him in case of a few visitors whose addresses Peking were quoted in the March RE- were translated from English into VIEW, and others have since appeared Chinese; all formal reports, stated in various papers. Those who are addresses, and devotional services praying for Marshal Feng will be in- were in Chinese. The slogan adopted terested in the latest news of him, for the conference, "West China for contained in a letter from Peking, Christ, and Every Christian a 1fisquoted in The Continent. After contrasting him with Sun Yat Sen, "who chose the sword and laid down Chris-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

sionary, " was the central theme bel' of Chinese were taken there to around which the conference was or- work in the sugm- plantations. The ganized. Denominational differences Samoan Christians, true to the real and lines were forgotten, and there missionary spirit they have always was unity in thought and purpose. shown, very soon began to think of how these strangers in their midst A Demon Cast Out could be taught the Gospel. The MISS E. E. MASSEY, a mission- Christian Endeavorers promised to ary of the Church Missionary find the necessary funds and sent an Society working at Foochow, in the application to the South China Mis- Fukien Province of China, writes of sion to find them a Chinese evangelist, an instance of answered prayer in the who should work among these exiles_ deliverance of a demon-possessed Mr_ Lei responded to the call and woman. Miss Massey was called to went in 1914. He worked there with go with a Bible woman to pray with a diligence and a good measure of sucpoor woman who was devil-possessed. cess till the greater part of the Chi- Her little boy and girl had died with- nese were repatriated. Then he went in a few days of each other. The to Melbourne and spent two years or woman went to the idols, and became so among his countrymen there.

possessed. For four months she had disturbed the neighborhood, and Anti-Opium Activities S when the missionary arrived the OME of the early work of the Na- tional Anti-Opium Association of .woman was found chained to a post, and had been beaten and burned China was described in the January about the mouth. A number of Christians went with Miss Massey and her REVIEW. Later a petition sent by the helper, and after much prayer the Association to the Geneva Conference demon was cast dut. Now the woman, and to the Peking Government wa.s her husband, and remaining little girl signed by over 2,000 organizations in attend church regularly and take the different 'provinces, representing every opportunity of "learning the over 2,000,000 people. "About thirty doctrine. "-C. M. S. responses to tae petition," says the Chinese Recorder, "ate still coming A Chinese "World Christian" in every day. It is quite safe to say that public opinion against this great REV. LEI SHUE KWAI is one of evil has been awakened in China for the outstanding Chinese leaders the first time. Members of some of in the Hong-Kong Mission of the the branch associations have actually London Missionary Society. The work begun to fight against the compulsory has grown until now there are seven planting of the poppy. A few weeks centers with churches. Mr. Lei is in ago a leader in the anti-opium move- charge of the whole as pastor, and ment in the province of Fukien was there are several evangelists and arrested by local officers for stirring school teachers. He has had an un- up the people against the order to usual experience. As a lad he was plant the poppy. But as the public educated in the mission school in opinion was so strong against the Canton, and afterwards had his the- action of the local officer, the victim ological training in the school of the was released right away and the Basel Mission. He worked in the officer was put out of his position by Pok Lo and Ts'ung Fa districts as an the civil governor of Fukien. This evangelist. After that he was for shows that public opinion is gradually several years in charge of the work gaining ground in regard to the anti- in Macao, an outstation of the Hong opium movement."

Kong church. Then he had a call to The Association has sent several go to Samoa. When those islands representatives to different provinces were under German rule a large num- to promote the movement and they

have met with great success. Miss up the town. In the preliminary ar- May Chang of the W. C. T. U. went rangements, there was no difficulty; to Ningpo and founded a branch as- everyone seemed, rather, to go out of sociation in that city. Through Miss their way to help. Chang's untiring efforts the different The mission began October 21st, bodies in that city participated in the and on the first night the tent was movement and a city-wide campaign crowded, while numbers went away because there were no more seats. is being planned. The first night, over forty men and JAPAN-KOREA women pressed to the front, and earnest souls cried aloud to God for Japanese Youth Movement pardon and salvation. This scene was repeated night after night, and the THREE tendencies characterize the evidences of the Spirit's power was life and thought of the young peo- ·".isible. Scores of New. Testaments ple of Japan today, according to were sold. Talmo Matsumoto. He says, in the J apanes'6 Student Bulletin: At the close of the ten days, 289 converts were registered besides a "First, reality in both personal and number of children, not the least immental life is passionately sought. portant part of the work, for whom Second, we may unhesitatingly say special afternoon meetings were held. that the new generation in Japan At the end of the fourth week of the today is proloundly religious. It is mission, there was no sign of waning true that its religious longings are interest. The responsibility of shepvague and formless in most cases, but herding these people is very great. I believe that they will gradually crystallize themselves into more vital There are opposing for~es at work. co"llvictions. The third noteworthy The Buddhists are becoming aggresfact about the young men and women sive in their opposition. These are of Japan today is the new interest good signs. they have come to take insocial problems. In the spring of 1924, The Stu- What took place in this town of dent Society for the Study of Social Shinmaizuru could be repeated in Science was first inaugurated in everyone of the thousands of such Waseda University, and t.hen in one towns and cities yet unevangelized, after another of various higher insti- and which call in no uncertain tones tutions in Tokyo and elsewhere. Al- to us to discharge our debt of the though these societies in different Gospel to them.

schools aim at a dispassionate scien- Progress in Reconstruction S tific study of social facts and prob- OME of the plans of the Prot~st~nt Episcopal Church for rebUlldmg lems, they show signs of eventually developing into a g.reat student move- its work in Japan which were anment for social righteousness." nounced in the REVIEW for June, A Revival in Japan 1924, are now well under way. All the damaged buildings of St. Paul's A BAND of worker.s set out very University, except the chapel, have early one mornlllg on an ex- been repaired and are now in use. tended evangelistic tour northward to Three important land purchases have the coast from the Japan Evangelistic been made: (1) A new site of about Band Branch Bible School at Kai- eleven acres for St. Margaret's bara. Each important town and city School, fifteen miles west of the old was 'i".isited and Gospel meetings held. site in Tsukiji. This will provide Shinmaizuru, an entirely unevan·· space not only for the new St. :M:ar- gelized town of some twenty thousand garet's buildings, but also for a pri- inhabitants, was one of t.he plaees mary school for both boys and girls, that ealled for occupation. A t.en thus filling the serious gap between days' tent mission was held to open kindergartens and high schools. (2)

NEWS FROM MANY

A new site has been purchased for St. weekly. It is undoubtedly true that Paul's Middle School, near the Uni- a larger percentage of the population versity. This will make possible a in Pyengyang gathers daily for fam- closer coordination in the work of the ily prayers than in any other large two institutions that ought to prove city in the world, except possibly in advantageous and economical for Scotland.' , both. (3) Just opposite the Aoyama Palace, one of the official residences Christian Doctors for Korea of the Imperial Family, and at the SEVERANCE UNION MEDICAL jnnction of two important thorough- COLLEGE in Seoul now holds a fares, a wonderful site has been pur- charter from the Government, and its chased for the new Trinity Church. graduates have the privilege of re- No more satisfactorv location could ceiving license to practice on presenhave been secured in the whole of tation of their diplomas. This applies Tokyo. A residence for Tagawa San, also to the nurses. This is one recogrector of the Japanese congregation, nition of the work which this famous is now being built. institution has been doing for the past thirty years. Its first aim was Pyengyang-Then and Now the education of Christian Korean THIRTY-FOUR years ago Drs. young men as doctors that they might Moffett, Hall and Lee, pioneer mis- be added to the forces of the medical sionarie-s, entered Pyengyang. Since missionaries and 124 doctors and then, says the Korea .llission Pield, forty-six: nurses have been ~raduated, "One of the most wicked Oriental a very worth-while contribution to cities has become one of the most the beneficent 3.nd Christianizing in- Christian cities in any mission field. fluences in the country. When one Then there was not a'single believer, considers, however, that there are now church, modern school or charitable 17,000,000 people in Korea one real- organization in the city. Today in a izes that the college must also fit itself population of about 97,000 people, of to make medical teach ers and trainers whom 76,000 are Koreans and 19,000 of nurses. This means that it must Japanese, there are more than 10,000 advance its standards, enlarge and Protestant believers; 20 "hlethodist improve its faculty and plant and and Presbyterian churches, set upon prepare to move up to university . every hill and at every point of van- grade. Extensive plans are now tage in the city; a complete system under way for the development not of education for men from the kinder- only of the college, but also of the garten to the college and seminary, hospital and dispensary connected and for women to the academy and with it. Dr. O. R. Avison, the Presi- Higher Bible School; and not only do the poor have the glad tidings dent, is now in this country, seeking preached unto them, but the orphans, the large sums' of money which will the aged, the draf and blind, as well be needed to supplement what the as the moral outcasts of society, are Koreans have already given to carry out these plans.

cared for. A very conRervative esti- ISLANDS OF THE SEA mate places the average total Sunday congregation in the city at 9,000. It Australian Aborigines O is no unnsual thing for 5,000 of these NE of the aboriginal groups in Central Australia is the Aranda to meet in the mid-week prayer meetings. Each church conducts its Sun- tribe, which occupies an area not less day schools in relays, instructing the than 700 miles in length from north children, the women and the men in to south and stretches out east and succession, for even the largest church west of the transcontinental telegraph buildings are too small to accommo- line, covering an unknown extent of date the crowds which throng them country in either direction. Lutheran

missionaries began work among them across the island may strip the young in 1875, naming their first station trees of their foliage. To guard Hermannsburg. Rev. C. Strehlow, against this, the koa tree has been who has re~ently died, labored for planted with them. The larger trees twenty-eight years am 0 n g the protect the smaller growth, and later Aranda, a~ting as pastor, teacher, can be removed.

doctor, as well as manager of the sta- tion. In addition to preaching, teach- NORTH AMERICA ing, catechizing, he worked methodi- A Home Missions ArguDlent cally on linguistic and" ethnological subjects and became a real authority MRS. w. O. CARVER, of the on native questions. Since his death Southern Baptist Church, has the Lhanda leaders, thrown on their been stirred by a visit to Europe to own resources, have not only main- realize anew the significance of the tained services at Hermannsburg but work for foreigners c:u-ried on by have received a real impulse to carry home mission boards. She writes; the Gospel to other and less civilized tribes. The activity of the Aranda "It frightens me to know that alevangelists is extending the influence ready 40,000 Italians have gone to of the mission, for only recently a America this year-everyone of group of natives walked a hundred them, in all probability, a Catholic miles to Hermannsburg to hear about and against p.rohibition. America is Jesus. the mission field of the world today! I feel like shouting it aloud from every city in our U. S. A. Let every- Ohaulmoogra Trees in Hawaii body-every Christian-go to work to teach these foreigners in his own THE marked impro'Vement, amount- city Christ '8 religion and how to be ing often to apparent cure, which good citizens. Teach them to love has resulted f,rom the chaulmoogra God and not war…. There is absooil treatment, is an achievement of lutely no hope until the love of God modern science which has proved a gets into their hearts, and how can it great boon in several mission fields. when their hearts are so full of hate?

The oil is distilled from the seeds of And these people with their ideals the fruit of the chaulmoogra tree, the and race hatreds are coming to our cultivation of which is now being country by the thousands every year. pushed on one of the Hawaiian is- Surely it is time we waked up 1"

lands. Formerly the oil used in the treatment of lepers in Hawaii had to The Ohurches of Boston D be imported from India. The seed ENOMINATIONAL statisties is- sued by the Federation of for the chaulmoogra trees now growing in the spe~ial plantation on the Churches in Greater Boston, show island of Oahu was shipped from Congregational churches, 136; Bap- Siam and Burma. It made the trip tist, 117; Methodist, 1l6; Protestant packed in charcoal. The trees were Episcopal, 101; Unitarian, 65; Cni- started in germinating-flats, then versaliRt, 33; Presbyterian, 24. The carefully transplanted into inilividual Record of Christian Work thus com- pots and held for a year Some of ments: "The significant thing about these trees by the end of a year attain these figures is the revelation of the a height of four feet. A year later fact that liberalism has failed to make they are from ten to twelve feet high. good under the most advantageous When they are about eight years old, conditions, and that the evangelical they begin to bear. The red volcanic churches have multiplied and pros- soil on Oahu seems to be very suitable pm·ed in the very stronghold of Uni- for cultivating this tree. However, tarianism. A century ago, in the the trade-winds that at certain sea- great split in the Congregational fold, sons sweep with ~onsiderable violen~e only two churches remained steadfast

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

in the faith, all the ~est going over to tions and for community welfare to the Unitarian wing. A hundred years learn from each others' experiences. later the number of Trinitarian Con- There were 216 delegates, from sevengregational churches is more than teen states, and of these 114 were double that which sails under the colored. The following topics were Unitarian flag." considered in open forum bessions of about three hours each, with full and Presbyterian Stndents Confer free discussion by delegates on the floor, this type of discussion taking FUTURE leaders in the Presbyte- most of the time: "Publicitv and rian Church-140 of them from Race Relations," "Health and Race forty-one universities, colleges, nor- Relations," "Housing and Race Remal and training schools throughout lations, " "Growth of the Interracial the country-spent three days o·f Movement, ' , ,,Social Agencies and their Easter vacation at Ann Arbor, Race Relations," "The Courts and Michigan, discussing questions they Race Relations," and "Schools and consider of vital importance to the Colleges and Race Relations," "The church, nation, the campus and the Church and Race Relations," and individual. Chief among these were "Industry and Race Relations." war, creed, and race. On the second subject they adopted the following "P1'inceton-in New York" findings: PRINCETON UNIVERSITY'S We believe that a creed is only the ex- . century-old religious organization, pression of certain men '. interpretation of The Philadelphian Society, is begin- Christianity as they understand it. Rec- ning a movement, with the above ognizing that thought progresses and that title, which will be analogous to its interpretations change with the advance· , , Princeton-in-Peking' , mi tlSionary ment of knowledge, we believe that forced work in China. Ray F. Purdy, Gradsubscription to a fixed and formal creed uate Secretary of the Society, says may impair the integrity of the individual that the plan has grown out of a sumconscience. Therefore, we are opposed to mer camp for boys, established sevthe requirement that ministers and elders ()f eral years ago. He says: the Presbyterian Church subscribe t() the Westmin ster Confession ()f Faith. However, We found that we must go into the we realize the necessity of a unified expres· family and economic conditions of the boys sian of essential doctrines, and we favor a whom we were endeavoring to benefit. 'l'his creed which is a statement of purpose rather has led us to the conviction that more fun· than a creed which is an elaboration ()f damental work must be done. 'l'hat will theological ideas. result next year in the establishment of a permanent social service secretary jn Prince· The conference organized "The ton and the development of a group of National Association of Presbvterian Princeton men in New York who will live Students," and asked the B~ard of together and begin a community service Christian Education to appoint an from one centre. A part of this will be the executive secretary. erection of a model tenement at a e,ost of $350,000. Here the families of the boys we Race Relations Conference have met at the summer camp and else- where will be gradually worked in as ten- THE first National Interracial Con- ants. We will thus endeavor to see through _ ference to be held in America was the problems we encounter in the earlier held in Cincinnati, Ohio, March 25th- stages of our work. Instead of merely ap- 27th. The meeting was arranged by plying a temporary palliati,e, we shall enthe Commission on Race Relations of deavor to work out practically thl' economic the Federal Council of Churches, and spiritual problems of those with whom jointly with the Commission on Inter- we come in contact. racial Cooperation, with headquarters in Atlanta, to enable white and col- Southern Baptist Progress ored people in uifferent communities, who are wrestling with problems of SIX years' effort to get $75,000,000 organization, methods and programs in subscriptions for missions and for improvement of interracial rela- education through a period of five

years resulted in $59,000,000 in cash, sent to them. The only part of the and the likelihood of more. The gain program which is being pre-deter- in new Baptist churches was thre'e mined is the general division of sub- times that of the preceding five years. jects by weeks, as follows: First Baptists averaged a membership gain week, economic questions; second oi 40,000 a year for the five years week, political; third week, racial; beyond the previous five-year period. fourth week, international. Many Now a 1925 movement has been representative leaders of religious started doing away with the five-year thought have agreed to be present. pledges, but seeking to maintain the rate of growth alongt all lines that was Negro BURiness Progres.. attained in the special campaign. DR. R. R. MOTON, Principal of During the last ten years the for- Tuskegee Institute, is also Presi- eign missionary fields of the denomi- dent of the Nati()nal Negro Business nation have inc.reased from seven to League. In his address at its annual seventeen, the number of churches on meeting he said: "When the Na- these fields from 380 to 1,095, mem- tional Negro Business League was or- bership of foreign churches from ganized in Boston twenty-f()ur years 29,991 to 111,872, Sunday-schools ago the aggregate number of business from 542 to 1,511, Sunday-school organizations, corp()rate and individ- pupils from 22,022 to 76,504, annual ual, owned and operated by colored contributions by foreign churches people was not more than 20,000 with from $91,159.69 to $444,568, .Ameri- a combined capital of $10,000,000. can missionaries on the field from 278 Today they own and operate 60,000 to M4, native Christian workers em- with a combined capital of $60,000,- ployed from 634 to 2,494. 000. The Negro owns in .America more than $1,000,000,000 worth of Diseussional Conference Planned property real and personal, whereas when the Declaration of Independ- A SUMMER conference on eCO- ence was adopted, the combined cap- nomic, political, racial and inter- ital of the entire nation was about national problems, under the auspices $500,000,000. We have now 72 suc- of "The Fellowship for a Christian cessful Negro banks. We should and Social Order," will be held .August could have 700. There are many ] st to 3,lst on the campus of Olivet cities with large Negro population College, Olivet, Michigan. .Around where leaders ,in business among the actual problems of the group the Negroes could accomplish any rea- discussion will be concentrated. No sonable business enterprise if it were program of set speeches is being ar- properly managed. Durham, Savan- ranged in advance. The various per- nah, .Atlanta, Richmond, Norfolk, sons designated as leaders will come New York, with many others, are set- prepared to share their experiences ting notable examples in the possibili- with other members of the group, and ties of this race to accomplish large at opportune moments will speak di- results.' , rectly to the point on issues under • consideration. In other words, the Indian Chlld a Teacher leaders will be available as consult- ants and will stand ready to furnish ON THE edge of an Indian reserva- data that is required by members of tion in Washington is a little the group, as they seek to reach their girl, eleven years old, whose name own conclusions concerning various even has not been recorded on the problems. Prior to the conference books of the Board of Christian Edu- delegates will be asked to cooperate cation, but whose work last summer in the formation of a tentative sylla- has given her a place above thousands bus of outstanding difficulties by fill- of other girls. The little girl was in ing out a questionnaire which will be the Daily Vacation Bible Sch()ol con-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

ducted at Wellpinit, Washington. Boy babies have a greater value and She had lots of fun, but saw that are seldom, if ever, killed."

there were a great many other boys and girls near her home who would LATIN AMERICA enjoy such a school but who could not Mexican Separatist Movement come. After the school was over, she AN organization of Mexican Cathgathered a group of nine Indian chil- .tl. olics has been formed which indren and carried on for ten days a volves the repudiation of the authorminiature Daily Vacation Bible ity of the Pope, the abandonment of School all by herself. She had a little celibacy for the priesthood and consister who helped her but no grown siderable alterations in the prescribed folks had a hand in this second school. ritual of worship. These features of She carried out a program of Bible the movement are identical with those memory work. The children sang that have characterized a similar one songs, and she told them Bible stories. in Czecho-Slovakia. She also had them stand up and go through exercises just as they did in According to the Philadelphia Pttbthe school she had attended. For lie Ledger, Ash Wednesday was celecraft work she had the young Indians bated in Mexico City in La Soledad make articles out of flour sacks and Church by the new Mexican Apotltolic colored yarns. The sessions were car- Church. The Patriarch, Joaquin ried on in a businesslike way with a Perez, said: seriousness that did credit to the chil- Our desire is to maintain a Catholic dren. The sessions were held out of doors, and the closing demonstration Church preserving all the ritual an d beliefs was given in the community building. intact, but entirely indepeudent of Rome. Mas~es, baptisms, marriages, funerals, cere- monies and rites will be pronounced in the To Sa~e Eskimo Baby Girls Spanish language, that all hearers may un· derstand exactly what is said.

K NUD RASMUSSEN, the famous It is reported that the new church Arctic explorer, who is now on is allied with the Mexican Federation his way, at the invitation of the of Labor, receiving financial and Canadian Government, to report on moral aid from that organization. the Eskimos of the Hudson Bay and The Presbyteria,n Survey comments: more northern sections, was inter- "We strongly suspect that the influviewed in New York City on his ar- ences behind the movement are much rival from Europe. He said that one more political than religious in their of the Eskimo practices which the cha1"acter. ' , Canadian Government hopes to stop is the killing of all girl infants, save those pledged in marriage. The cus- An Appreciati~e Audience R tom of Eskimo infanticide, according EV. J. E. THACKER, Presiding Elder of the Parral District in to Dr. Rasmussen, developed from the Eskimo's difficulty in providing food the Mexican Mission of the M. E.

and other necessities foo: the family. Church South, writes: "Our influ- "The Eskimo has not in any sense the ence is extending in ever-widening same moral viewpoint as civilized peo- circles, and we are reaching more and pIe," he explained, "and the life of a more people every day. To count our child has about the same value as the actual membership does not give a life of any other creature. If there is just idea of our work and its progress.

not provender enough they kill the Our Mexican pastors have lately gone girl babies immediately after birth by to new centers and have had a good smothering them. If a girl baby, degree of success. I 1"ecently accom- prior to birth, is pledged in marriage, panied Rev. Epigmenio Garza to the mother will preserve it. If not, Boquilla, and there we had the privi- the line of le<lSt resistance is followed lege of preaching the Gospel for the and the infant is put out of the way. first time in that place and to an

audience of six fine, bright young Mission Student. Win Honors men who listened with profound in- THE annual ,report from Saneti terest for a whole evening. Tills is Spiritus, Cuba, to the Board of one of the very brightest things in a National Missions of the Presbyterian missionary's life-to tell others of Churrh in the U. S. A. has the follow- ing to say about the mission high Christ for the first time and to such school in that city: "The school has appreciative listeners. We expect to won a great achievement in scholastic continue going there, and hope in annals. In the past course, when the time to win some of these young men government examiners came to hold for Christ. We sold several Bibles to their yearly examinations, there was the Spanish-speaking people and a not a single failure and many of the Bible in Chinese to the only Chinese pupils were awarded the highest in town."

Schools Needed in Porto Rico grade that is gh;en. After finishing ALTHOUGH the United States the examinations the examiners pro- Govel"lllnent at great expense and nounced the pupils the best prepared with the most aggressive diligence has of the entire province. Such combeen laboring for twenty-five years to ments spread quickly throughout the create an American public school sys- city and never before has the work tem at Porto Rico, it is still so far in Sancti Spiritus enjoyed the presbehind the necessities of the situation tige that it has today. Judging from that the provincial commissioner of what has happened in the past year education recently expressed the de- at tills station, there is not a better sire that missionary schools might be field in all Cuba or the West Indies established in each toivn of the island. than Sancti Spiritus; and if efficient " The cOlll1Ilissioner made this re- consecrated efforts are put forth a mark," says The Continent, "after strong congregation will result and an inspection of certain Presbyterian one that will send out well-prepared schools, and it is supposed that they workers for Cuba. "

set the standard which he has in mind for the whole island-although, as a Organbed R. C. Opposition W matter of fact, under the present ORKERS in "The Latin Ameragreement among the evangelical de- ican EvangelizatiO'n Campaign"

nominations, whatever work Presby- describe, as the chief feature of their terians undertake will be done only recent visit to Santo Domingo, "the in the western end of the island or in prepared and determined resistance San Juan, the capital. However, of the Roman Catholic clergy. They within this allotted Presbyterian ter- had been advised from the United ritory there is plenty of room fo·r ex- States of the plan to carry out an pansion, and a great deal to bc done evangelistic campaign through the before the commissioner's idea could republic and their counter-attack was even be approximately met. What along the lines of a virulent anti- has been already accomplished educa- American propaganda. One of the tionally through joint missionary and Catholic papers in the States had re- government enterprise is shown by ported Mr. Strachan as having ad- the fact that since 1898 illiteracy in mitted in a public address the truth Porto Rico has been reduced from 80 of the charge so often made against to 54 per cent. But this very exhibit missionaries in Latin America, that demonstrates that half the population they are the paid agents of the of Porto Rico is still unable to' read United States Government, for the and write, and explains fully why the purpose of winning over the people, commissioner desires all the assistance with a view to preparing for occupa- the churches could give in extending tion later on. Although the United and completing the edu<latiO'nal work States troops were withdrawn from which has been thus so well begun." Santo Domingo last June, yet anti-

NEWS FR.OM MANY LANDS

American feeling still runs very high congress of the league and so it is and the Romanists took advantage of advertised in the daily papers. The the situation to propagate these lies. " league's program of activities, worked out through the local chapters in con- Winning Porto Ricans to Christ nection with their churches, affords OVER 1,000 won for Christ in excellent opportunity for the girls al- Porto Rico is the result of a three ready in training to do practice work, months' evangelistic campaign con- during the school year and at vacaducted by Rev. and Mrs. Fred J. tion time.

Peters of The American Baptist Home Mission Society. In San A Brazilian Indian Tribe R Lorenzo 174 were converted. Services EV. ARTHUR F. TYLEE, of the Inland South America Missioneverywhere have been attended by people of all social ranks and the con- ary Union, writes f,rom Corumba, verts include teachers and lawyers. Brazil: Families have become reunited. .A "These splendid, clean, strong temperance movement has accom- Nhambiquaras, wild in their manner panied the revival with the result of life, but sympathetic of heart, are that stills have been closed and their totally isolated from all opportunity owners brought to realize their de- to know of the Gospel. We have pendence upon God. In other loeali- their friendship and confidence. Our ties not visited' by the American evan- hymns at a service held in the pres- gelists revivals have sprung up to ence of one family pleased them so strengthen the churches. In many much that, on the return journey, we places the services have been carried were requested by them to sing again on in the face of persistent and or- for others to hear. The door is open.

ganized opposition. We have dedicated ourselves to the evangelization of this tribe number- Argentine Evangelical Women ing some 10,000 or more. The task is F OR three years past a Bible Train- difficult, and the way covered with ing School for Spanh,h-speaking obstacles, material, physical and young women has been conducted in spiritual, but the Nhambiquaras are Buenos Aires by the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the M. E. to have the Gospel! "Ve are sure of God's call to them. "

Church, the Disciples of Christ, and the National League of Evangelical EUROPE Women. This league is young and its English Methodists Unite N limited resotLrces do not permit itsOT only have the first steps been • taken in the United States tocooperation as far as funds are concerned, but in its own way it con- ward the reunion of the Northern and tributes to the work. It is made up of Southern Methodist Churches, but in women from different Protestant de- England the three Methodist bodies nominations and reaches, through its -Wesleyan, P,rimitive and United- local chapters, many places where have come together. "These three,"

Methodists and Disciples a,re un- says Arthur Porritt, "differ seriously known, but where J e~ms Ohrist is on nothing save church government.

known. The bulletin of the league On doctrinal questions they are sub- goes into many Argentine homes stantially agreed. Tradition and sen- which no other Protestant literature timent, however, are factors, and in enters, and gains new friends for the the discussions spread over the last school. Its prayer calendar gives a five years they have been stressed by place to the school, and intercession the opponents of the reunion pro- goes up £rom many women far from posal. Now the votes of the Meth- Buenos Aires. The work of the school odist people have been taken and a is annually reported at the national very substantial majority have ex-

pressed themselves in favor of the war economic situation has caused union. " The combined body will con- many worthy but poor young men to tain far the largest Noncomformist turn to the theological schools to pre- Church in Gil'eat Britain, second, in pare for the Christian ministry. fact, only to the Church of England. Large numbers of these students It will have 4,368 ministers, 37,697 could not afford even to purchase the lay preachers; 898,936 members and Hebrew and Greek Scriptures which probationers, in addition to adher- are used as textbooks. Last year the ents; 1,541,517 Sunday-school schol- American Bible Society made possible ars, with 173,261 officers and teachers. the distribution of Nestle's Greek It will possess 13,558 Sunday-schools Testaments among theological stuand 12,242 churches. 'rhe property dents in Germany, Poland, Czech()- it will own is probably $150,000,000. Slovakia and Austria. It also sent to It will also have valuable properties the Bible Society of France 5,000 and a large membership in the for- French New Testaments, the sale of eign field. which will increase the receipts of this society. Protestants in Great Britain Minority Religions in Roumania UNDER the auspices of the Evan- gclical Alliance, a large meeting A REPRESENTATIVE American was held liIarch 31st in London "to commission, which visited Roureaffirm the principles of Protestant- mania last year, states in its recently ism. " Representatives of the Free published report that Roumania con- Chur.ches and of the Anglican Church tinues to violate provisions of the took part, and passed resolutions de- Trianon treaty guaranteeing the claring "unwavering devotion to the rights of minority churches in Trangreat Protestant principles of the sylvania. At the request of the Rou- Reformation," and appealing to the manian Government, the commission Bishops and to Parliament, in view submitted statements which dealt of the fact that "a large section of with personal abuses, confiscation of the clergy of the Church of England, church and school property, the alin defiance of the law and in violation leged unjust way in which the great of their oath, have long been engaged estates are being divided under the in endeavoring to destroy its Protes- agrarian reform, the rights of astant character, to maintain the Prot- sembly and other types of coercion. estant character of the National The reply of the Roumanian Govern- Church as settled at the Reformation ment is described by the commission and enshrined in the Book of Com- as "evasive and inconclusive." Soon mon Prayer and the 'l'hirty-nine Ail'- after the publication of the commisticles. " This resolution was for- sion's report came the action of the warded to the Archbishop and Roumanian Ministry of Arts and Bishops of the Church of England, Worship suppressing or curtailing and the members of both Houses of the activities of certain "minority Parliament. religions" in that country. The churches absolutely suppressed are American Bibles for Europe mainly adventist bodies, but even in the case of Baptists it is ordered that THE American Bible Society has they may "continue to enjoy the lib- responded to another urgent need erties accorded by the constitution, in Europe by making grants of money but certain measures of surveillance with which to supply Bibles to theo- will be taken. " In the meantime, the logical students. The 'World War so Metropolitan of the State Church has impoverished most of the theological been raised to the rank of patriarch, schools in Central Europe as to make and every prospect points toward an it impossible for them to furnish text- aggressive effort to clear the country books for poor students. The post-

NEWS FROM M:ANY LANDS

of all rivals of the Greek Orthodox supplying the latest information and system. The special hardships of t~e Ill:ost approved drugs to leper in- Baptists in Roumania were described stItutIOns, settlements and hospital. in the January REVIEW. (2) To support sound schemes of segregation, with the best treatment The Y. M. C. A. ill Estonia in countries where the great majority of the lepers can thus be dealt with THE Estonians, who were once in and the disease rapidly reduced, as in virtual serfdom under Russia and the West Indies, etc. T,rinidad has already set apart an island for this the. Baltic barons, recently celebrated purpose. (3) To collect information theIr seventh anniversary as a free and statistics and to issue bulletins of and independent nation. Out of Es- information to workers among lepers. tonia's war misfortunes have come (4) To support further researches on the promise of brighter and more both the etiology and treatment of prosperous days. She has made rapid leprosy w:ith a view to discovering progress economically and in political more effiCIent methoos of prevention and social adjustments. Education is and further to si~plify, shorten, and compulsory; the universities are cheapen the curatIve measures. The fact that the Oalcutta researches have crowded; technical and agricultural now proved that soluble products of at least five different oils, other than sc~ools 8fe well attended; suffirage is that of chaulmoogra and hydnocarpus seeds, are; e~ective in leprosy, opens ~lllversal; ~he Reval harbor is being up an unlull1ted field of investiooation Improved; mternal industries as wen which may yet yield more efficient as ·foreign trade are being developed. and rapidly acting remedies even The Y. M.. O. A. work, which was than chaulmoogra derivatives. ?egun in 1920, is constantly expandmg. In the chief cities-Reval Dor- American Opium Plan pat and Tartu-are energetic' Associations giving the varied services 1. Restriction by producing counwhich compose an all-round program. tries of production of raw opium and In the university cities of Tartu and coca within the limits set by medical Dorpat extensive activities are being and scientific needs of the world. carried on among students. The attitude of people and Government to- 2. A. strong international central ward the Y. M. O. A. is friendly and board of supervision and control unhelpful. Not l(}ng ago in Reval a der the I.Jeague of Nations. campaign for Y. M. O. A. support exceeded its goal by nearly fifty per 3. Restriction of manufactured decent. Municipal authorities in the rivatives within the requirements of same city gave the "Y" a tract of medicine and science. land for an athletic field. The Government has offered ground for a 4. Perfecting a system now in opercamp site. ation of export and import certifi- cates. MISCELLANEOUS 5. An agreement between countries Leprosy in British Empire where opium smoking is temporarily permitted by which on a given date THE B.rit!sh Empire LeFosy Relief there will be one tenth reduction per ASSOCIatIOn, which was founded in annum for ten years, after which smoking opium will not be permitted. J.ugust, 1924, at a meeting in London 6. A system of licensing and rationpresided over by hLasoridssuOedhealmmsefmoord~ ing during the ten year period; prop- Viceroy of Ind ia, aganda to prevent new addicts; and proper treatment of addicts. randum regarding its medical policy.

This has four divisions: (1) To ex- tend the application of the improved methods of treatment as rapidly as possible throughout the Empire by

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Modern Turkey. A Politico·Economic In- a.re millions of people in the world, terpretation, 19008·1923 inclnsive, with of whom the Americans and English- Selected Chapters by Representative Au· . hh thorities. Eliot Grinnell Mears, M.B.A., men are leadmg types, w 0 ave F. R. Eeou. S. Illns., Maps, xvi, 779 pp. achieved a well-deserved reputation $6.00. New York. 1924. for fair play. This bo(}k is intended Had the author, with his scholastic for these' and other persons who are standing at h(}me and wide experience interested in the truth and are willing in the Near East, written this volume to reach conclusions only after both unaided, it couId not have failed to sides of each question have been p;rebe authoritative. As it is, he has sented….. The plan followed in called to his assistance eighteen 'Modern Turkey' has been to select specialists, American, European, and subjects of far-reaching importance Levantine, a group of writers .rarely and then assign the writing of them to equaled in 'the marshaling of experts representative authorities. Without in any publication except in such exception, the writers have been in works as "The Encyclopredia of Reli- Turkey and most o,f them have lived gion and Ethics." Mr. Mears' nine there. A unique feature is the number chapters are of the highest order, and of Turks who have contributed willhis 200 pages of Appendix matter- ingly to a book of this character."

bibliographies, chronology and the 99 The twenty-five "subjects of farpage index-add greatly to its value. reaching importance" are truly such, and their ramifications may be found A difference between this volume in the exhaustive Index. If our and other works upon Turkey is sug- readers desire to find a brief, authorgested by the author: "The purpose itative and down-to-date account of of this volume is (1) to set forth the the religions of the I,evant, Prof. contemporary problems in as simple Harvey Porter provides it; if our a fashion as possible, and (2) to give ladies ,,,ould gain a fair idea of presthat kind of a perspective on the con- ent-day womanhood in Turkey, Exfiicting factors underlying the politi- President Mary Mills Patrick, LL. D., co-economic life of Turkey which may of the Constantinople Woman's Colserve to il.'eveal both their relative lege, aids them in a most interesting values and their interrelation. Num- and authoritative manner; if our men erous writers dealing with the Levant wish to know about "The Turkish have been propagandists and stylists, Press," or "The Young Turk Movewho have devoted their efforts in the ment," two eminent Beys are our inpresentation of such well-known sub- formants; should our business men jects as Byzantine history, race, origin wish to know what future trade prosand development, religions of Asia, pects in. Turkey are chapters X-XVI; war operations, atrocities, harems, supply indirect and direct data on dogs, mosques and monasteries. They that point; should friends of Armenia have been informative intermediaries wish to investigate as to the truth in in helping to explain the East to the the case of Armenian questions, chap- Vest. . .. Few foreigners in Turkey ter XXIII is the source to be conor elsewhere can maintain a real dis.. suIted; and if Missions are to be interestedness. While no one wishes sampled, turn to the Index, "Missions to be considered 'faultily faultless, and Missionaries," and read the secicily regular, splendidly null,' there 431 tioIlS there indicated, remembering in and of their relation to theories of addition that one in seven of the au- personality. Portions of the material thorities contributing to the volume of this book have appeared in The is a missionary on the ground. In a Philosophical Review, The Monist and word such a work evokes one's high- The Rice Institute Pamphlet. (Dr.

est enthusiasm for its excellence as Tsanoff is Professor of Philosophy in one separates the wheat from the chaff the Rice Institute.) The author dis- among the books in this field of liter- cusses Materialism, the Doctrine of ature. H. p. B. Eternal RecuITence, Positivist Im- mortality, the Buddhist Doctrine of The Secret of the East. Observations and Karma, Immortality and Modern The- Interpretations. Oliver Huekel. rllustrated. 368 pp. $3.50. New York. 1924. ology, Ethical Arguments for Immor- tality, and iinds in the history of An intelligent and rather discursive tourist here reports observations philosophy a rational basis for a view made while on a leisurely trip around of human destiny which if it does not the world. Most of the chapters were point certainly to personal immortalprepared as lectures to popular audi- ity, at least would seem to justify the hope of immortality on the ground of ences. 'l'here are accolmts of Hawaii, Japan, Korea, China, the Philippines, antecedent probability. CandidlY, Java, Burma, India, the Holy Land, he regards personal immortality still and Greece. The author gives his as an unsolved problem. To those who main attention, however, tD Japan, do not accept the Christian Gospel, China and India. He has read widely, perhaps this is the best approach to particularly in the field of religion, the question, "If a man die, shall he and is chiefly interested in these live again f" One of the most valuphases of the cultures of the East. able chapters of this book is a study He is frankly Christian in his outlook of recent British idealism, though the and has warm sympathy for the work main argument is in the closing chapof missions. He would probably per- ter on Value, Personality and Destiny. mit the adjective "liberal" to be ap- Only the philosophical thinker is plied to his theological views. likely to be helped by such a line of reasoning. Its conclusion-if conclu- There is nothing particularly re- sion it can be said to reach-is essenmarkable or original about the book. tially summed up in such a pro- There are pleasant descriptions of nouncement as this: "Man's vision of what are seen by almost all intelligent God is the concrete expression of his travelers who follow the beaten tour- effort to utter the supreme in value. ist paths in Asia. There are, also, . . Whenever divine discontent stirs extensive summaries of the author's a man to reach out for the better and reading on some phases of the reli- truer and more beautiful, the Divine gions of China, Japan, and India. is affirmed and is recognized ….• These summaries are on the whole Its worship is the radiance of a forfairly accurate, although the author ward-piercing glancing, the radiant is inclined to give more credence to sense of the infinite, eternal, eveil'- the theory that Mahayana Buddhism present Beyond." was influenced by Christianity than c. c. A.

the facts walTant. The most interest- Whither Bound in Missions. D. .I: Fleming chapter is, perhaps, the report of ing. 8 va. 222 pp. Paper $1.00. New York. •an hour's visit with Gandhi. K. s. L. The author is already well known The Problem of Immortality. Studies in from his previous books. He here sets Personality and Value. .R. A. Tsanoff. out to show that missionary methods 8vo. 381 pp. Notes and Index. $3.00. need to be changed. This is no doubt New York. 1924. true, but it. does not apply t() mis- A philosophical study of the most sionary ideals. Apostolic power and significant theories of human destiny methods bring apostolic results today, Dr. Fleming's thoughtful arguments attractive and successful chapters of and suggestions are helpful and sound. The evils or weaknesses that modern missionary history. From he would correct are not inherent in the enterprise yesterday or today but the building of the Martyr Memorial are due to human f,railty or to a depa.rture from Christ's spirit and teach- Churches in 1863 to the Centenary of ings. For example, few Christians will defend the exhibition of a sense the London Mission the main events of superiority by missionaries in dealing with natives of non-Christian and development of the Malagasy lands. There is need for recognizing the good in all peoples and the real Church pass before us. J. R. contribution they may make to the Christian Church. There is also need Conferences of Christian Workers Among for recognizing the weaknesses and Moslems. 1924. 8vo. 152 pp. New non-Christian elements in Western York. civilization. It seems to many that the age of "authority" has passed Conferences of Christian workers and that logic and the results of a among Moslems in the Near East were philosophy of life are the evidences held last year at Jerusalem' (Palesdemanded'. Other changes advocated tine), Constantine (Algeria), Helwan refer to the divided Church, the mis- (Egypt) ,Brumana (Syria) and Baghsionary control of the national dad (Iraq). Most of these conferchurches, and emphasis on intensive ences were presided over by Dr. John work as contrasted with extensive ef- R. Mott and were attended by misfort. The book is thoughtful and sionaries, secretaries and others most worth reading. It grows out of ex- interestf)d in the work. They took up perience and study. such topics as occupation of the field, evangelization, the church, education, Fifty Years in Madagascar. Personal Ex- literature, leadership, medical work, periences of Mission Life and Work. social work, cooperation and the James Sibree. 353 pp. $4.00. Boston. spiritual dynamic. The basis of the 1924. discussions was a series of questions sent out in advance to the mission- The author went to Madagascar in aries. The findings gather the con- 1863 and worked there for forty-two sensus of opinion of those present at years. Since returning to England the conferences and should be studied he has visited the island several times by every missionary worker. The on deputations. He is therefore par- population of the Moslem world is ticularly well qualified to write on estimated at 234,814,989, four fifths Malagasy missions. A number of his of whom are increasingly accessible to books have found a wide circulation the Christian missionary approach. in the English-speaking world. The This is cspecially true of British Inpresent volume combines in a very dia, the Dutch East Indies, Persia, interesting way personal experiences Mesopotamia, Cbina, the Balkans, and with a good deal of the missionary Africa (except possibly Northern Nihistory of the island, and to some ex- geria) . The practically unoccupied tent the striking political events of areas include Afghanistan, Central the past fifty years. It is easily un- and Western Arabia, Turkestan and derstood, though regretted by most parts of Siberia, Bokhara, Socotra, readers, that he is very careful in his Albania, Bulgaria, Russia, Tripoli, report on the dealings of the French French Sudan, Morocco, the Sahara, colonial government since their con- and Eastern Malay Peninsula-a quest of the island. total population of about 36,000,000 The book is a fine and comprehen- people. sive introduction to one of the most The most effective means of eV3jl- gelization are by literature, medical missions and Christian educational work. The situation calls insistently upon the Church in the homelands to undertake this difficult task with greater energy, devotion and faith.

The Missionary Review of the World — February 1925

W. MYLES PHILLIPS, formerly a

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"Department "!o{o. 20 Fifth Avenue, 33rd and 34th Sts., New York ..The Man with the Gentle Heart" Dear Mr. Husband: Samuel Reynolds House Is your wife experienced in busi. ness matters? If not, who will OF SIAM advise her in case of your death? In case of emergency conditions Pioneer Medical Missionary, 1847·1876 your business experience i. taxed to the utmost. Your death will be By GEORGE HAWS FELTUS an emergency of the fil'lt magni• tude. Will she be able to adjust . r The most complete and authentic accou:Jt herself to the new conditions? She will face many problems and be '1. of the foundation work in Siam. Drawn importuned to make unsafe invest. ments. Why not remove all the.e from letters and journal of Dr. House, now problems and enable your wife to for the first time made available. enjoy a fixed, guaranteed income.

"I find this story most interesting .•• , will be The ANNUITY PLAN .hows eagerly sought and gladly purchased by English-speak- the way. ing Siamese." -Mis! Edna S. Cole, late from Siam. We will gladly give you information. "I have been fascinated by it." -Re'V. C. B. Slnv W. J. Elliott, Treasurer, B08[d 01 Home Mis. art, Editor Auburn Seminary Record. .ions and Church Extension 01 the Methodist Episcopal "It ought to go into every missionary library, H_ ChlHch. 1701 Arch St., Philadelphia. Re'V. E. W. Miller, D.D., formerlY Educational Secretary Reformed Board. Morris W. Ehnes, T[e8SlHer. B08[d 01 Foreign Missions 01 the Methodist Episcopal Chll[Ch, 150 "A remarkably fine piece of work. "-Re'V. W. P. Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. Schell, D.D., Sec'y PreJbyterian Board For. MiuionJ.

PRICE, $2.00 At All Booksellers or of the Publishers FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY New York. 158 Fifth Ave. Chicago, 17 N. Wabash Av•• Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. 4 REASONS WHY THERE WAS Presbyterian pastor in Scranton, Pa., has A WAITING LIST FOR gone to Carville, Louisiana, to bec()me chap- Imperial Chinese Jasmine Tea lain of the Leper Colony (U. S. Marine Hospital 66). He is sUPllorted by the Woman's Home Mission Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church, through the HI am enelosing a money order for 100 boxes of tea. • • • American Mission to Lepers. We are entirely sold out on our former orders."' REV. PERCIVAL STACY WADDY has been MISS M. 0., Columbus- Ohio.

uWe are selling the tea to meet our year'A missionary elected Secretary of the S()ciety f()r the budget. and have beett 80 successful that we want another Propagation of the Gospel (London). order right away.'" MISS J. A.. Pittsburgh. Pa.

"The girls in my missionary class are deUKhted with *** their success in seI1irur 80 much of your tea." GENERAL FENG YU·SHIANG, whom the MRS. C. S•• Monmouth. III. daily press recently reported as taking a "We would like more boxes of tea. Our first lot went month's "sick leave" from Peking, is inlike hot cakes." MRS. P. F. S.• Rome. N. Y. tending, according t() the Christian Advo- Try it yourself. Send for one of these Chinese cate, to visit Europe and America in the packages: near future. ••• Jasmine Tea in hand decorated box, – $ .60 MISS ELEANOR GIBBONS, an educational $1.25 (Enough far 75 cupfuls.) missionary of the Presbyterian Board at $. 75 Jasmine Tea in Chinese hemp basket, $1.00 Kolhapur, India, was married in December to Mason Olcott, a son of Mr. and Mrs. E. (Enough for 300 cuptuls.) E. Olcott of New York and a member of One-half pound Chinese Crystallized Ginger in hand decorated box, – – the Arcot Mission of the Reformed Church Three-fourths pound Chinese Preserved in Ameriea. • Ginger, with syrup, in earthenware jar, For illustrations and special terms to church societies, HON. W. W. YEN, Prime Minister of the address Chinese Cabinet which resigned late in Oc· MRS. ELSIE CLARK KRUG tober, is of the second generation of Chinese Christians, and an active member of the (Formerly at Hwa Nan Collt:ge. Foochow, China) • Protestant Episcopal Church.

2227 St. Paul St. Baltimore, Md. •• REV. T,HOMAS C. HORTON, out of whose Bible class and missionary work grew the PERSONALS great Los Angeles Bible Institute, has reo MISS KATE LAMSON, who has been con· signed as superintendent of the Institute. nected with the Woman '8 Board of the Congregational Church since 1889, and has been Dr. A. C. Dixon, Baltimore, has been invited its Foreign S~cretary since 1903, has resigned. She is to continue as a director of to become Dean of the Institute to take the the Board. place of Dr. R. A. Torrey, resigned. *** SIGNOR GUIDO CoMBA, pastor of the Wal· MISS ALIOE KYLE, wh() was elected As· densian Church at Pomaretto in the Walden· sistant Secretary of the same Board in 1893, sian Valleys, i6 now in the United States but whose work since 1910 has been chiefly and expects to be one of the delegates of editorial, flrst in charge of Life ana Light the American Waldensian Aid Society to the and then as one ()f the editors of the Mis- Washington Foreign Missionary Convention. sionary HeraLd, has also laid dowu her active duties, but has also been elected a *** direct()r. OBITUARY ** * RIGHT REV. FRANK WESTON, Bishop of REV. JOHN E. MERB.ILL, D.D., President Zanzibar since 1908, died at Tanga, East of the Central Turkey College, Aintab, from Africa, November 2, 1924. 1905 until World WaT days, has returned to Turkey with his family, and will nOW be in * * .. charge of the Aleppo lligh School, whMe 156 students are nearly all exiles from the RElV. JOHN Fox, D.D., formerly secretary interior of Turkey. of the American Bible Society, died at his home in Easton, Pa., December 23d. •• • * .. Dr. W. G. SHELLABEAR, formerly a Methodist missionary in Malaysia, has re- RBv. LEE Tow, one of the most devoted cently removed from Modeston, N. J., to Chinese Christian workers in New York Hartford, Connecticut, having accepted a City, died early in December. professorship in the Kennedy School of Missions. THE REV. JOHN G. MEEM, arehdeaeon in N ()rthern Brazil, and veteran missionary of the Protestant Episcopal Church, died in Rio de Janiero in November. He was one of the first four men to go to that field under the Board of Missions of his Church and served there for thirty·three years. '

Please mention THE K;:SSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD What Scroggie DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor Contents for February, 1925 Does for You page EVERY week, W. Graham Scroggie, Brit- FRONTISPIECE … A YAO TRIBE IN CHINA ain's foremost Bible teacher" offers you a help that you can get nowhere else on EDITORIALS ……………………. 85 the International Unifoffil Sunday School Lessons. He gives: TWENTy-FIVE YEARS OF UNITED MIS- SION STUDY. Hut.,rical Saltina. showing the settinlr of the book in the Bib1e, the setting of the chapter in MISSIONARY GIVING VB. MISSIONARY that book. the setting of the lesson in that DEFICITS. chapter.

MISSIONARY EDUCATION IN LATIN Venc by Vene Expository Mean7nlr g-ives the AMERICA. meaning of the text. and interprets its laneua2"e and teaching. A PLATFORM FOR CHRISTIAN SOCIAL SERVICE. The Homiletical Form gives the lesson's mes· sage for use by teachers; it is a lessou analy~is THE NEED OF PARAGUAY. greatly in demand.

THE POWER THAT TRANSFORMS The Topical Value suggests vital themes in CIDNESE …..•. FRANK A. KELLER 93 the lesson.

SO'TTl;.e of the results of Bible distribu- The Practical Aim shows the devotional mes- sage fot' both pupil and teacher. tion, evangelistic work and Bible train.. ing in China. This is but one of sixteen different CHINESE CHRISTIANS AT WPRK FOR features on the Uniform and Wbole Bible Course appearing every week ex- CHINA . . • . MARY NINDE GAMEWELL 98 clusively in C!1tinese home mission effort to wi-n Published Every Week CMna for ChTist. CITY CHURCHES ON WHEELS ……. . Yet a reader writes, "I get the value of my investment in your paper many times …………… H. PAUL DOUGLASS 105 over before I reach the Sunday-school The findings of the St. Louis Religious lesson. " Survey shO'l.Oing results of the m1,gra- ticm. of populaticntS anil churches and One of the most widely circulated the need for roadjustme"t. woman's ulagaziuts in America recently THE COMMUNITY CHURCH IN CHINA wrote to an inquirer who asked help on a personal problem: …………..•….. A. R. KEPLER 111 Efforts to serve Chinese cities and viZ- "vVe would suggest that you write lages by work jor aU classes seven daYB Mother Ruth, care of The Sunday School in the week. Times, stating your problem to her. She is a wonderful woman, who gives advice THE DEVELOPMENT OF IN D I A N to all young women who wish her to LEADERSHIP …. WILLIAM PATON 117 advise them, and we are sure that you The Secretary of tne Nationa.l C'hrls- will get just the right kind of an answer. " tian aounciZ deScribes the methods by which. trained Ohr·i.stian ~eaders are A Times reader writes: "Having re- producea in. India. ceived your valuable paper for ten weeks CLASS-ROOM EXPERIENCES IN CAIRO on the "Get-Acqnainted" plan, and hav- ••••..•••••••••. WENDELL CLELAND 120 ing found'it all I had hoped and more, I desire A 'JffojessO'r in the American. University descr·ibes the ambition 01 Egyptian st1t- now to renew for a year. I value it so ~ dents and tke 11wtives that actuate fI>~ them. highly I expect to take it the balance of my life." A CHRISTIAN STATESMAN OF CHILE It is $200 a year, or $1.50 in ".1J ………………. HARRY FARMER 125 clubs of five or more copies, A sketch of M Dises Torregro8a~ cme 01 either to separate ad- III the evangeUca! Chr!8ti&tt8 of Chi!e, dress~s or one ad- THE shawing the type of men on wham the dress. Or try the SUNDAY SCHOOL church must depe..a 10'/' leadership. "Get-Acquaint- !rIllES COllPANlr BEST METHODS …..•……….••.•.• ed" c;Ufer. •.••.. EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK 127 WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLE- Box 1550, Philadelphia, Pa.

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ROBBR'" E. SPEER. Pre8iil81lt WILLLt.M I. ·CH…..BERLAIN. Vlce-Preald81lt DELAVAN L. PIERSON. Secretary W ALTHR McDOUGALL, PTeaa"rer Publication office, 3d & Reily Sm., Harrisburg. Pa. 25c a c<>py. $2.60 a year Editorial and Business Office, 156 Filth Avenue. Name ………………………. . New York City Address ……………………….

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M1S-SIONARY

MEW, VOL. FEBRUARY, 1925 NUMBER XLVlll TWO TWENTY-FIVE YEARS OF UNITED MISSION STUDY O NE of the most useful outcomes of the great Ecumenical For- eign Missionary Conference, held in New York in 1900, was the.formation of the Central Committee on the United Study of Foreign Missions, the :first organized interdenominational committee of women for mission study. The plans for the committee had been made several months before under the wise, far-seeing leadership of Miss Abbie B. Child, for many years secretary of the Congregational Woman's Board of Missions. The :first committee consisted of representatives appointed by :five of the leading Women's Boards of Missions: Congregational, Methodist Episcopal, Baptist, Presbyterian and Protestant Episcopal. Among the names we note Miss Child, Mrs. John Talbot Grocey, Miss Ellen C. Parsons, Mrs. A. T. Twing and Mrs. Norman Mather Waterbury (now Mrs. Henry W. Peabody). The :first secretary was Miss Clementina Butler.

The committee, without financial backing, began by issuing a series of lessons on missions in leaflet form. Five Boards pledged as an initial sum $10, giving a working capital of $50 to the committee in 1900. Since that time the Central Committee has not only financed its own publications but, by a generous discount on its books, has enabled the Boards to make a considerable amount of money each year based on the number of books sold.

Being urged by Professor Harlan P. Beach to go on with its plan to issue study books, Miss Louise Manning Hodgkins, then professor at Wellesley College, was asked to prepare an historical mission study from the time of the Apostles to the Nineteenth Century, under the name of "Via Christi." Boards had almost unanimously refused to adopt a program for seven years which Miss Child and her committee had asked. They were willing to try the plan for one or two years, but not on any account would they take the responsibility of covering seven years with united study courses. We note in the early records that after these discouraging replies from the 85

Boards, in spite of the unwillingness of Mission Boards to announce a seven-year course, the United Oommittee quietly planned such a course and the Boards gradually became converted to the plan. The result has been, not seven, but of twenty-five years of united study in which almost every Board has heartily cooperated.'" While the publishers planned to issue only 5,000 copies the first year 20,000 were required. Throug'h ten years the committee endeavored to hold the Macmillan Oompany to the rising tide of demand for their books, but without success, and in 1910 they took the pUblication into their own hands. During the past quarter of a century the committee has published over three millions of Senior study books, besides nearly half a million Junior study books. This is one million more volumes than the Oongressional Library in Washington has on its shelves and would require seventy-five miles of shelving.

The Oommittee has paid its bills, and has been able to assist with considerable amounts other organizations which grew out of the Oentral Committee. This present year, in addition to furnishing $3,000 toward the maintenance of the Federation of Women's Foreign Mission Boards, the committee has paid $1,000 to the Oommittee on Oriental Literature and has met the entire deficit on the magazine Everyland, which came to the committee after the cessation of the Interchurch World Movement. Ohristian women have ever been most devoted supporters of Ohristian Missions ami this Oentral Committee has been very conscious of Divine leading through the years.

An important outgrowth of the Central Committee's work was the demand for a Summer School of Missions, the first of which was opened in Northfield in 1904, and was followed the next year by one in Chautauqua and one at Winona. These schools have multiplied and have proved a valuable aid to foreign and home mission study, for many have included both departments. The Central Committee was the first attempt of church organizations to come together in an organized group to present a definite plan for missionary education. The Council of Women for Home Missions, the Missionary Education Movement and others entered the field later.

One by-product of United Study is the contribution which this *During the first Seven years the authors followed Miss Hodgkins' example, each taking Latin titles, and after "Via Christl," came "Lux Christi," a study of India, by Caroline Atwater MaE:!on; "Rex Christus," China, by Dr. Arthur H. Smith; "Dux Christus," Japan, by Rev. Wm. E. Griffis; "Christus Liberator," Africa. by Miss Ellen C. Parsons; "ChriBtus Redemptor," the Island WnrU1. by Helen Earrett Montgomery; and "Gloria Cbristt," MiSSions and world Progress. by Anna Robertson Brown Lindsay. Other books followed: "Nearer and Farther East," by Samuel Zwemer and Arthur I. Brown: "Gospel in Latin Lands," by Dr. Francis E. Clark; "The Light of the World:· by Robert E. Speer; "Western Women in Eastern Lands:' by Helen I1arrett Montgomery; IIChina's New Day," by Isaac Taylor Headland; "The King's Business," by Maud Raymond; "The Child in the Midst," by Mary Labaree (Platt); "The King's Highway," by Helen Barrett Montgomery; "Education of Oriental Worn,en," by Margaret Burton; HThe Crusade of Compas~ sion/' by Dr. Belle Allen; "The African Trail," by Jean Kenyon Mackenzie; "World Missions and World Peace," by Caroline Atwater Mason; "The Kingdom and the Nations," by Eric North; "The Bible and Missions," by Helen Barrett Montgomery: "Building with India," by Daniel Johnson Fleming; "Creative Forces in Japan," by- Galen Fisher; liMing-Kwong, the City of the Morning Light:' by Mary Ninde Gamewell; and this year, "Prayer and Missions, II by Helen Barrett Montgomery. and "Moslem Women." by Dr. and Mrs. Samuel Zwemer.

EDITORIAL OOMMENTS

vast volume of illuminating international Christian literature, studied by millions of women and children, has brought to the better understanding and friendship of the nations. The Kingdom of God, His League of Nations, is first spiritual and comes not through politics nor diplomacy nor state craft. He alone can give to men that spirit of good-will which will solve the problems of this divided world. It is not by chance that at this crisis, when the nations look for some deliverance, the women of this nation will study humbly the record of God's power bestowed on men and women who ventured all on His promises.

MISSIONARY GIVING vs. MISSIONARY DEFICITS M ULTI-MILLIONAIRES give of their accumulated wealth to establish universities, museums and libraries and to provide funds for exploration and research. Meanwhile most of the churches and other organizations working for the spiritual as well as the material welfare of humanity at home and abroad are greatly hindered by lack of funds. It is fortunate that the efficacy of God's work is not' to be measured by expenditures in dollars and cents. Money is needed in the work but the greatest need today is not money; it is spirit-filled, fully-surrendered men and women acting under the guidance of God. And yet even these men and women are greatly hampered and handicapped by lack of adequate support from those who "hold the ropes" at the home base.

Almost all of the denominational mission boards, home and foreign, are struggling with deficits. For example, the Methodist Episcopal Church (North) diminished the gifts to foreign missions forty-one per cent last year ($2,197,510) as reported at the annual meeting of the Board held in Pittsburgh last November. As a result, the Board has a debt of $3,100,000 (on which the interest alone cost $140,965 last year), and has been obliged to reduce its appropriations from twenty-five to fifty per cent. If seventy-five per cent of the Centenary pledges had been paid, the Board would be free from debt and would have been able to increase equipment and carryon an enlarged program.

The Methodist Episcopal Churnh, South, also fanes a serious debt of $1,216,159 in their foreign mission work, due to an uncollected balance of $15,000,000 on Centenary pledges. Instead of an increased income for an enlarged program there has been a decrease of receipts amounting to about $250,000 a year.

This decrease in giving reported from many sources is in spite of the fact that in the meantime savings banks deposits in the United States have increased by over one billion dollars and the invested wealth of Qur country has increased by twelve billion dollars. Evidently, increased prosperity has not been accompanied by greater liberality in the support of God's work.

What is the trouble? Surely we are not undertaking too large a task. Are Christians losing their sense of obligation and devotion to God! Are we overlooking or becoming callous to Christ's sacrifice for us? Do we forget that all that makes the present life worth living and a future life worth contemplating-all come through Him1 Some of the devices used to stimulate g>iving are entirely inadequate and unworthy, however praiseworthy their motive. Rev. Kingsley Birge, the well-known Congregational missionary formerly in Smyrna, reports that some churches, in their eHorts to raise money for missions, resort to dinners and to such appeals as "Good Ulorning, :Inr. Church·Church Member, With your check book just as small as mine, Good morning, 111'. Church-Church ]'[ember. You've got to get in line; You simply must or the Church will go bust, etc."

Mr. Birge asks if we shall substitute such songs and sentiments for the Christian appeal contained in the lines: "When I survey the wondrous Cross On which the Prince of Glory died; My richest gain I count but loss And pour contempt on all my pride. "

This faIling off in missionary gifts surely is not due to increased cost of living, though it may be due in part to the desire for more luxuries. Those whose eyes are anointed to see the world as Christ sees it, whose hearts burn with love and loyalty to Him, who realize their debt to Him for His gift of Himself, who believe that He is the only sufficient saviour of men here and hereafter, and who have faith that His cause will triumph over all obstacles-these Christians will not need any worldly slogans and appeals to stimulate their giving. Christian missions are not a" side-show" but are the chief business of the Church. They take precedence of automobiles for selfish purposes, of expensive amusements and uilnecessary accessories that do not really help to bring men into harmony with God.

When our faith in God's -Word is unshaken, when we "seek first the Kingdom of God and His righteousness" and when "the love of Christ constrains" us, then joyful giving will fill the coffers of mission boards and will replenish the ranks of Christian ambassadors, and God will give the victory.

MISSIONARY EDUCATION IN LATIN AMERICA r1..ALTHOUGH extensive educational work has been carried on for a number of years by the missionary societies represented in . Latin America, little or no attempt has been made until recently_ to coordinate the existing institutions or to plan for future cooperative effort. Each MiSSion, on the contrary, has been very largely opportunist in the establishing of its educational efforts, and

192111 EDITORIAL COMMENTS

has maintained its schools with little or no regard to a strategic occupation of the territory. Since the Panama Congress, however, a number of movements have been instigated looking toward cooperative educational endeavor.

In Peru, the missionaries have decided to recommend union theological work, and steps have been taken toward the organization of a Union Theological Seminary. This move is of special importance, in view of the vast unoccupied interior where there are millions of Indians who are still absolutely untouched by Christian missions. In this cooperative effort in Peru, it is hoped that the missions of Bolivia may participate.

The missionaries in Chile have made unusual advance in proposed cooperative educational work, including equipment of the Union Seminary, a special Training School for Christian Workers, enlarging the "Instituto Ingles" and the "Santiago College," and a Normal School for Women, to prepare teachers for the extensive system of primary schools which have had such a notable success in Valparaiso.

On the other side of the high Andes, in the three republics that border on the great water courses of that region, extensive plans are under consideration for the cooperative occupation of the territory by the principal missionary organizations now in the field. As a consequence of these plans, the neglected Republic of Paraguay is occupied by the Disciples of Christ, and this church, in union with the Methodist Episcopal (N orth) , cooperates in the educational work of Buenos Aires.

The energies of these two missions .are centered, for the present, on the boys' school known as "The ""Tard Institute." This is the only missionary institution of its class in all the Argentine Republic, with seven million inhabitants, and under the impulse of this co·· operative effort should now become a great power in the education of the young men of the country. Steps are being taken toward the incorporation of this school with the official programmes of the Government, in order that its students may receive their degrees from the University of Buenos Aires. 'l'his measure becomes more and more necessary in all Latin America, since the influential families Jay great stress on providing for their sons a course of study which will lead to the Bachelor's degree, thus making it possible for them to enter the learned professions.

In Montevideo, the capital of the Republic of Uruguay, the most important of all union educational institutions of South America has been established, the "Union Theological Seminary and School of Social Sciences." This is designed to serve all South America in the preparation of ministers /'ind other Christian workers. With the establishment of this seminary in Montevideo, the various missions are able to take advantage of its strong faculty and complete

equipment for the thorough preparation of their most promising students for the ministry.

If Latin America is ever to be taken for vital Christianity, it must be done by the Latin Americans. To this end, no expense and no sacrifice are too great, if made in the interests of the thorough preparation of the young men on whose hearts· has been laid the responsibility of the evangelization of their own people.

The RepUblic of Brazil presents a set of problems all its own. Its language is distinct from that of its Spanish neighbors and its people, of Portuguese descent, have characteristics that distinguish them from the citizens of the surrounding countries. Brazil is a country of vast extent. Its territory is about equal to that of the United States of America and occupies the half of the continent of South America. This enormous stretch of territory is an element of weakness, as well as of strength. This is especially true in the organization or coordination of movements which extend through a large part of the country, as in the case of the Evangelical missions.

In spite of the distances to be traversed, and other obstacles, Evangelical work has advanced in the Republic or Brazil as in no other country of Latin America. There is a strong and influential national Church which is progressing toward a satisfactory solution of its problems. A movement has been started, by those who are . engaged in educational work, for the coordination of all schools of certain grades, looking to the formation of a National Evangelical University. In view of the enthusiasm and experience of those who are responsible for this movement, there can be no doubt of its final success and Evangelical education in all Brazil will be immensely benefited thereby.

In Panama, where all nations of the earth meet, it is planned to establish a high class academy, or high school, which shall meet the educational necessities of the countries immediately contiguous to the Caribbean Sea. To this end, it is hoped that a generous grant of land will be given by the Government of the United States, in the Canal Zone, or by the Panamanian Government in the vicinity of the city of Panama.

In Mexico, in spite of internal wars and dissensions, a Union Theological Seminary has been established and is now in operation; while in Porto Rico there has been a union effort carried on for some years past, in the training of native ministers, and several other plans are under consideration in Cuba and in Porto Rico for the cooperation of the various missions in educational work.

In view of these movements, it would seem that the day of sporadic, opportunist educational endeavor in J-latin America is past. Strategic points are now to be occupied in conformity with plans that have been well thought out by the interested missions. The time is ripe for a cooperative movement all along the line.

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

A PLATFORM FOR CHRISTIAN SOCIAL SERVICE T HE NATIONAL SOCIAL SERVICE COMMISSION of the Congregational Church suggests a social creed for churches that shall be up-to-date. As an example of present-day think- ing in America, this document is of interest. It says: A Christian social standard necessitates taking Jesus Christ in earnest, making individual and community life develop along the lines of His social and spiritual ideals. It insists on a strengthening and deepening of the inner personal relationship of the individual with God, and a recognition of his obligation and duty to society.

This is crystallized in the two commandments of Jesus: "Love God and love thy neighbor." It involves the recognition of the sacred- ness of life, the supreme worth of each personality, and the brother- hood of all. In short, it means creative activity in cooperation with . our fellow human beings, and with God, in the everyday life of society and in the development of a better social order. Translating this ideal into eaucation includes: (1) The building of a social order in which every child has the best opportunity for development.

(2) A thorough program of religious education designed to help Christianize everyday life and conduct. .

(3) Conservation of health includin,g careful instruction in sex hygiene, abundant and wholesome recreation facilities, and education for leisure.

(4) Constructive education and Christian care of dependents, defectives, and delinquents, in order to restore them to normal life whenever possible but with kindly segregation for those who are hopelessly feeble-minded.

Translating the ideal into industry and economic relationships includes: (1) Group interest whether of labor or capital always subordi- nated to the welfare of the nation.

(2) A frank abandonment of all efforts to secure unearned in- come, that is reward which does not come from a real service.

(3) Abolishing child labor and raising the legal age limits to insure maximum physical, educational, and moral development.

(4) Freedom from employment one day in seven.

(5) The eight-hour day as the present maximum for all industrial workers, and a reduction to the lowest point that is scientifically necessary to produce all the goods we need. .

(6) Providing safe and sanitary industrial conditions, especially protecting women.

(7) Adequate accident, sickness, and unemployment insurance, together with suitable provision for old age. '

(8) A minimum comfort wage, which will enable all the children of the workers to become the most effective Christian citizens.

(9) Adequate means of impartial investigation, and publicity, conciliation, and arbitration, in industrial disputes.

(10) Encouragement of the organization of consumers' coopera- tives for the more equitable distribution of the essentials of life.

Applied to agricultural standards it means: (1) That the farmer shall have access to the land he works on such terms as will insure his personal freedom and economic encouragement, while society is amply protected by efficient production and conservation of fertilitv. (2) That the cost' of market distribution from farmer to consumer shall be cut to the lowest possible terms, both farmers and consumers sharing in these economies. (3) That an efficient system of both vocational and general education of youths and adults living on farms shall be available. (4) That special efforts shall be made to ensure the farmer adequate social institutions, including the church, the school, the library, means of recreation, good local government, and particularly the best possible farm home. . The great lack of such a platform is its failure to recognize any standard of authority other than the general acceptance of the spirit of Jesus. There is no emphasis on the necessity for the acceptance of the claims of Christ to be the Son of God and Saviour of the world. There is no suggestion as to the obligation to obey the command of Christ to all men as to His Gospel. In other words, it either omits the foundations for Christian character and society or it takes the foundations for granted-a thing that cannot be done today even in churches. The teaching of Jesus Christ clearly demonstrates that the individual must first come into right relationship with God through Christ and then must get right with his fellowmen.

THE NEED IN PARAGUAY PERU, Bolivia, Paraguay, these three are the most needy of all needy South America. But the greatest of these is Paraguay! As large as New England, in the very heart of this great continent, touching four other republics, and destined to be the great crossroads for friendly exchange in the years when South America's population will number hundreds of millions! The climate is perfect and the soil rich but the people and government are poor, the state Church impotent, leadership scarce, moral conditions low, with a large per cent of the children born out of wedlock, and a system of concubinage which is universal. The people are warm-hearted, however, unmoral more than immoral, for they have no spiritual leadership. The people show great hospitality and greatly desire more intimate relationships with the intellectual life of North America.

This territory has been assigned to the United Christian Missionary Society of the Disciples. The Inland South America Mission is also at work there.

BIOLA EVANGELICAL BAND, (NUMBER TEN), AND THEIR GOSPEL

The Power That Transforms Chinese BY REV. FRANK A. KELLER, M,D., CHANGSHA, HUNAN, CHINA Superintendent of the Hunan Bible Institute, ChangsJla C HINA has again been plunged into great dish.'ess by extensive and destructive floods. The great suffering and the threaten- ing disaster caused a recrudescence of idolatry that was appaUing. Day and night there was a continuous beating of gongs, firing of crackers and shouting of men, women and children.

A deified mummy was brought into Changsha from a temple ten miles away, enormous dragons made of bamboo frames covered with cloth were carried about by stalwart men, while aged men with whitened beards and little children who could hardly toddle along followed the processions about the city. Even the Governor made a pilgrimage to a celebrated shrine over a hundred miles away to make offerings to appease the angry gods who were causing the flood. It was the most extensive and universal exhibition o~ idolatry seen during twenty-seven years in China, and it demonstrated with terrific realism the awful bondage in which idolatry and superstition hold the millions of this land.

But we turn from this scene and behold every province of China now open to the Gospel, nearly 400,000 Chinese Christians worshipping in about 5,000 organized churches and over 28,000 of these Christians devoting their lives to the work of spreading the Gospel.

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Some mighty power must have opened these doors of steel, and snatched these hundreds of thousands from the darkness and bondage in which they had been born, and brought them out into the glorions light and liberty of the sons of God.

The power that has opened all these doors and that has com- pletely transformed all these lives is the POWER OF THE WORD OF GOD.

In China there are five so- called "Sacred Mountains" to which at certain seasons hundreds of thousands of pilgrims resort to worship at the shrines in fulfilment of vows they have made, or to seek special favors from the gods. At the foot of one of these sacred mountains, Nanyoh, a Bible con- ference is held every year at the height of the pilgrim season. Those attending the conference spend part of each day in united Bible stUdy under the guidance of prominent teachers, and the re- mainder of the days is given to personal work among the pilgrims as they start homeward.

Three years ago a fine-appear- ing young man came to the COIl- ference and during one of the meet- ings asked to say a few words. He said: "My name is Deng Gwoh Ren, and my home is in – -.

MR. CHOW HAING CHIAO Eight years ago I came to Nanyoh An opium smcker and desp'3rate character, as a lJilgrim to worship at these saved by the power of Ghrist heathen shrines, and one of the delegates to this conference talked with me and gave me a little book, 'Selected Portions of Holy Scripture.' I took the book home with me, studied it, and being convinced that what it said was true, I renounced my heathen practices and gave my heart to the Lord Jesus Christ.

This year I have come to Nanyoh to do three things: To look over the old shrines where once I ignorantly worshipped; to try to find the man who gave me that book and thank him for the joy and peace and hope that fill my soul, and finally to bring to this conference the Chris- tian greetings of the church of which I am now a deacon." Mr. Deng was himself saved and used to bring the other members of his family and many of his fellow villagers to a living faith in Christ-

THE POWER THAT TRANSFORMS CHINESE

all by the POWER OF THE WORD OF GOD. He is now an honored evangelist in one of the leading missions in China and has yielded his life to Christ for service.

"The seed is the Word of God" (Mk. 4: 26-29; Lk. 8: 11). This seed is bringing forth rich harvests every day in China. Christ's promise that His disciples should do greater works than those over which they marveled, is being fulfilled in the miracles that are being wrought continually in the lives of the Chinese.

Twelve Biola Evangelistic Bands spend the early hours of each day in united, earnest Bible study and prayer and then go out A HUNAN CHRISTIAN CHURCH CONFERENCE, JUNE 28 TO JULY 2, 1924 two-by-two into the homes of the people in faith to "Preach the Word. " They fully expect results, and get them. A few extracts from recent letters will prove the wondrous P.OWER OF THE 'VORD OF GOD.

The leader of one Band writes that in the last center where they worked this summer twenty-seven heathen turned to the living and true God. Then they raised money to furnish a chapel and one of t.he converts gave up a large room to be used by this newly formed church for its religious meetings. This merchant's wife had been an idolater for twenty-one years, but she was brought to repentance, and became a true follower of the Lord J eSllS Christ. In that same community a man who had been a slave to opium for

A CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR SOCIETY ORGANIZED AMONG YAO CHRISTIANS These were alm.ost naked heathen when llrst fo-uud by the missionary and the evangelistic band twenty-seven years was given strength to cast off the shackles, and is now rejoicing in victory and health through Christ his Saviour.

In the last center where another Biola Evangelistic Band worked before breaking up for a brief summer vacation, sixty-seven persons gave up their idols and turned to God. One lady fifty-seven years of age gave up heathen practices that had bound her for forty years. A man who . at one time was a highly respected and influential scholar, but had been a slave to opium for over twenty years so that he had neither food, clothing nor home' and even his wife deserted him, heard the Word preached, and was saved and cleansed and restored to a position of confidence and honor.

A recent letter from a missionary contains this stirring clause: "I wish you could have seen one of the men of a Biola Evangelistic Band starting off with a donkey load of board's on his shoulder, in the broiling sun, with forty-:ijve Ii to traverse (45 Ii eQual 15 miles). He is spending his· summer va~ation helping to erect a building for a little self-supporting church at his home; into this building he is putting lot only his last dollar, but no end of good, hard, honest toil to get it ready for the dedication service before he leaves for Nanyoh. What do you think of that' These are the kind of workers to duplicate. God be praised for theIll!"

Only a few years ago this man was one of the millions of idol

1925J THE POWER THAT 'TRANSFORMS .CHINESE

worshippers in Ohina but he heard the blessed message of the Oross, and the wondrous POWER OF THE WORD OF GOD laid hold on him, made a new man of him and filled him with an intense enthusiasm to tell the "Good News" to others.

Thirty years ago Hunan was still called" The Olosed Province, " for the people said that they would never let the missionaries in. A few weeks ago there was held in the auditorium of the Hunan Bible Institute a conference of the Hunan Ohristian Ohurch. Over two hundred Ohinese pastors, evangelists and church officers, representing some 240 churches and over 12,000 Ohristians, gathered in conference for five days. A leading Ohinese Ohristian was elected chairman. What has brought about this great change in Hunan ~ It is the power of the Word of God. About 450 delegates registered this autumn at the Bible Oonference at Nanyoh. Missionaries write, "We have seen the effects of the conference in the lives and service of our evangelists throughout the entire year." The secret is "the power of the Word of God."

How be,autifully the Apostle Paul put it in his farewell interview with his beloved Ephesians: "And now I commend you to God, and to the word of His grace, which is able to build you ;up, and to give you an inheritance among all them that are sanctified." Acts 20: 32.

A CHRISTIAN SERVICE IN M'lLTON STEWART HALL. HUNAN BIBLE INSTITUTE Some graduates of the 1924. class are seated In the first tour rows 2

Christians at Work for

A Glimpse of Some Chinese Home Mission Activities BY MRS. MARY NINDE GAMEWELL Author of "Ming Kwong," "New Life Currents in China," Etc.

"CHRIST has come for China, let us take China for Christ!" exclaimed earnest Mrs. Luke Chang, president of the Women's Missionary Service League of the Anglican Mis- sion. Then she added, "When children are small and weak, mothers expect to do everything for them, but when they grow up they ought to look out for themselves. Missionaries have long been working to evangelize China, but the Christian Church here is now old enough and strong enough to begin to carry this responsibility itself."

Mrs. Chang was voicing the conviction of a rapidly increasing number of thoughtful Chinese. It is a strong proof of the Church's genuine vitality and healthful development.

The' first organized home missionary work of which we have a record-that sponsored by the Methodist Episcopal Church, South -began about forty years ago. Still earlier, scattered groups of Christians voluntarily banded together from time to time to raise sacrificial offerings in "cash" and coppers for the support of their own missionary evangelist in unoccupied fields. A few years ago when that remarkable volume, "The Christian Occupation of China," was in process of preparation, an effort was made, under the heading, "Missionary Activities of the Chinese Church," to tabulate the various home missionary movements of the Chinese carried on by them either alone or in cooperation with foreigners. The compiler was greatly surprised to discover that there were twenty-five or more distinct organizations besides a still larger number of unorganized activities. Indeed, it was found impossible to list all of the latter. One of the most significant features of this work is the wide area over which it is distributed, from Tibet to Shanghai, and from Manchuria to Hainan, an island off the southern coast.

If, from an airplane, we could drop down on one after another of China's home missionary fields, we should find a study of them intensely interesting and profitable. History is ever repeating itself, and the problems, handicaps and difficulties which tax the patience and test the faith of Chinese missionaries are much the same as those that are faced by workers from the Occident.

Let us glance a moment at several of the more prominent movements in China. In Manchuria, home missionary work dates from 1907, when two volunteers, one an ex-Taoist priest, went from Kirin to the northern province of Heilungkiang. (Some of the most zeal- 98 ous, consecrated propagators of the Christian faith were once Taoist priests). The journey did not take long-two or three days, perhaps –by ox-cart or on foot, but to the stay-at-home Chinese it was a momentous undertaking. People of the south, those from Canton and thereabouts, are the travelers. Other Chinese often know little or nothing of the world outside their own village, and it is not uncommon for women of the better class to pass unbroken decades with no wider horizon than the bounds of the courtyards in which they were reared. After a time, a Chinese Woman's Missionary Auxiliary sent the wives of the men missionaries as workers to Heilungkiang. These two women became efficient, sympathetic colaborers with their husbands. There are, today, six missionaries in the Manchurian field and as many flourishing centers of work, besides outstations. If this seems a small showing for seventeen years of toil, we must not forget that this work, which is very largely in the hands of the Chinese, has been new to them and that beginnings are difficult. Like ourselves, these people learn by doing. The next ten or fifteen years doubtless will see the work growing much more rapidly.

A most hopeful feature is the effort put forth by the Chinese themselves to secure local self-support so that, with the money raised at the home base, new cities may be entered. One of the first purchases of the ex-Taoist priest on beginning his work was two pieces of land, one for a church and another for a cemetery, that, as he said, "The brethren in the Lord may have a place to rest both in life and in death."

The Anglican Mission-a union of the Church of England, the Canadian Church and American Episcopal Missions-made definite plans at the first meeting of its General Synod in 1912 for the conduct of home missionary work. This was to be in addition to the much older home missionary activities of each separate diocese. In 1915 an organization, the "Chung Hua Sheng Kung Hui," was effected through the combined efforts of Chinese and foreigners, and a year later, three eager missionaries went to the chosen field of labor, Sianfu, capital of the province of Shensi. A peculiar interest attaches to this quaint old city, once the proud capital of the empire, and the spot where the Nestorians, first Christian missionaries to China, settled in the seventh century, and left as the sole surviving record of themselves a far-famed stone tablet inscribed with the Maltese Cross. It is fitting that the Chinese missionaries should have placed a replica of this emblem on the gateway leading to tlieir mission property. Recently Sianfu was for a short but memorable period the headquarters of General Feng Yu-hsiang, who left an impress on the city likely to be even more lasting than the historic stone tablet.

Expanding evangelistic, educational, and social welfare work-

such as a free reading room, games, a charity school for famine children, and classes in phonetic script-keep the days crowded for the missionaries and their staff, (the entire Chinese staff now numbers eighteen) and ever calls loudly for new recruits. 'I.'he devoted Bible woman on the field h&s from the first been supported by the students of St. Mary's mission school in Shanghai, and this responsibility, voluntarily assumed, has kept the girls' interest in the work at high-water mark. In a most encouraging way, the Mission has won the good-will of the influential gentry of the city, many of whom are glad to send their sons to its high-grade middle school and to contribute toward its support. The number of converts grows steadily and among them are some promising candidates for the ministry. The missionaries are wont to reiterate, "All our work centers in one thing, the purpose to save men and women." Showers of blessing are certainly descending on historic Sianfu, notwithstanding wars and rumors of wars, bandits and the soaring price of commodities. It is the expectation that this work will soon pass from the hands of Bishop Norris to the care of a Chinese bishop. Last March, at the triennial meeting of the General Synod, a woman's auxiliary was formed, called "The Women's Missionary Service League." Much is expected from this new and enthusiastic organization.

The Chinese Home Missionary Society is unique in that it is indigenous, national and non-denominational. It had its birth at a conference of Christian Chinese gathered at Kuling, among the mountains of Central China, in the summer of 1918, though the formal organization did not take place until two years later. After much prayer, it was decided to open work in Yunnan, that wildly picturesque province in the southwest which borders on Burma and Tibet. A scouting party was to be sent out first to study conditions and to report at the end of a year. The necessary funds were to be raised from Chinese sources by voluntary subscriptions. A watchword was chosen that ran about as follows: "It rema·ins to be seen what God can do in and through and for and by a group of individuals wholly committed to Him."

The news of the undertaking spread rapidly and met with an immediate response. In fact, so strong was the appeal it made, that Dr. C. Y. Cheng, one of the principal organizers of the movement and an outstanding leader among his people, declared solemnly, ;, This work is of the Lord and so cannot fail! But if failure were possible, it would put the Church back a hundred years."

Six volunteers, three of them women, set out for Yunnan in the spring of 1919. The preceding Sunday, an impressive commission service was held in Shanghai which closed with the singing in Mandarin of the well-known hymn, "From Greenland's Icy Mountains." An American who was present said that although he had been famil-

CHINESE CHIUSTIANS A'£ WORK ]<'OR CHINA

jar with that hymn from childhood it took on an entirely new meaning as he listened to those hundreds of Chinese voices pealing forth the words: "Shall we whose souls are lighted With wisdom from on high, Shall we to men benighted, 'L'he Lamp of Life deny?"

A book could be filled with the varied and thrilling experiences of the six first missionaries to Yunnan. From their headquarters in the capital, Yunnanfu, 6,400 feet above the sea, the men set out to familiarize themselves with conditions in the interior, one going north as far as the Yangtze River and crossing it into Szechuan. Another journeyed south to Kochiu, the seat of the great tin mines, and barely escaped capture by bandits. Ding Li Mei, the widely known evangelist, penetrated nearly to the borders of Tibet, travers- ing almost impassable trails, scaling difficult mountains and crossing torrential rivers. Once his pony stumbled and threw him ove'r the side of a steep precipice and had not his clothing caught in a tangle of underbrush, fifteen feet below, he would have lost his life. Again and again he fell into miry paddy fields to come up covered with slime but invariably smiling and good-natured. One evening, hag- gard and worn, he reached an inn in a certain frontier town about nine 0 'clock. All day he had traveled on foot in a drenching rain and was wet to the skin. A China Inland missionary, also stopping at the inn, saw his condition and begged him at once to dry his . clothes, eat and sleep off his fatigue. Pastor Ding looked into the faces of the curious crowd surrounding him and shook his head. "No," he replied, "I must not eat or rest until I have preached .J esus Christ to these people!"

When the great National Christian Conference opened in May of 1922, nine Chinese missionaries, four men and five women (not counting wives and children), had been stationed in Yunnan at three strategic centers. The work is evangelistic, educational and medi- cal, and, with the exception of help from the Milton Stuart Evan- gelistic Fund in covering expenses of delegates to and from the Ilnnual meetings, and occasional small voluntary gifts, it is entirely financed by the Chinese.

In 1921, the work in Manchuria was affiliated with the national organization and became known as the Heilungkiang Mission of the Chinese Home Missionary Society, the original offshoot being the Yunnan Mission. Within the last year or two, a third branch has been added, the Mongolian Mission, for more and more the eyes of Church leaders are turning wistfully to the darkened "regions beyond," veritable foreign lands to them. Up to this time nothing has been done for Mongolia further than issuing a monthly bulletin to disseminate news concerning' it. But at the Society's recent

annual meeting it was decided definitely to enter this Macedonian field at an early day, and to begin work by sending out a doctor and several evangelists.

A few general statements may be made in closing. As in the West, so in Ohina, the interest of people in missions depends very largely on a wise use of educational and publicity methods. Ohinese missionaries home on furlough are kept busy with deputation work and some are able to make eloquent pleas that stir their hearers to a high pitch of interest and voluntary giving. Increasingly it is coming to be the custom for pastors to preach annual missionary sermons. Mission study classes in mission schools are rapidly multiplying and growing in popularity with the young people. The Anglican Mission has found its high-grade field secretary an inestimable blessing. Believing" responsibility for missionary work rests upon every member of the Ohurch," the Anglicans have a rule that each new communicant shall automatically become a member of the missionary society with his or her quota to pay into the treasury. This plan has proved very successful despite a certain unavoidable shrinkage.

Though the Manchurian constituency is for the most part poor in this world's goods, it is not lacking in generous subscribers. This generosity is the result of no hit or miss policy. For instance, in one town at the close of the Sunday morning service all the women are gathered in mission study classes under carefully selected leaders. In another place Bible women periodically visit the people in their homes, explaining the meaning and needs of the work. A fortnight before the annual missionary collection is taken, in which each church, no matter how small and weak and whether self-supporting or not, is expected to have a share, circulars from headquarters are sent to all the pastors and, a week in advance, a subscription card is carried to the house of each member. In a third center, forty thousand" cash" (twenty cash equal one cent, American money) were given for missions in a single day, the people, povertystricken though they were, being swept along as on a tide by the stirring appeal of one of their Ohinese deacons.

The Ohinese Home Missionary Society publishes an official organ called The Gospel Bell. Eighteen thousand copies are now issued each month and scattered free of charge. The interest its news awakens may be judged by the number of small subscribers to the work, gifts once amonnting to four thousand dollars calling for more than eight hundred receipts. The salary of two Yunnan missionaries is paid by the students and alumni of the schools from which they graduated and for a while an independent church in Shanghai maintained its own missionary doctor. Many are hoping the support will be resumed and other churches led to follow this good example.

1925J CHINESE "CHRISTIANS AT WORK FOR CHINA

Obedience to the missionary call involves sacrifice in China as well as elsewhere. The superintendent of the mission in Shensi writes in one of his reports, "Mr. Yang is the only son of his widowed mother and his coming here is a great sacrifice to them both." And again: "All our workers have kindred very dear to them who shed many tears when they see them start for our far-off and little known province."

A young doctor left a lucrative practice in Central China to go to distant Kansu. He and his tJrave little wife pushed far inland where never a Christian had gone before, and for long months cheerfully endured persecution, loneliness, and often actual want while gradually building up a fine, self-supporting work.

A blind girl from Dr. Mary Niles' school for the blind in Canton responded to a call from the Chinese Home Missionary Society for some one to teach the blind in Yunnanfu. A touching farewell service was held, and the young missionary fared forth,. literally "in the dark." But God's love and light filled her heart and she soon won her way to the homes of the most exclusive families in the capital, opened a school and is doing a much-needed work.

Some wealthy Chinese contribute of their abundance to missions, but the offerings of multitudes are accompanied with genuine self-denial. Eating the poorest quality of rice in place of a better kind, going without meals, walking on tender, once-bound feet instead of riding in rickshas or wheelbarrows, making and selling bits of fancy work, how impossible it is to name all of the many ways found for raising money! One poor soul in Hongkong gave the carefully hoarded coins with which she meant to buy her coffin, an act of Fmpreme sacrifice that no one, unfamiliar with the customs of the Far East, can appreciate. Little wonder is it, that as the missionary spirit grows, prayer circles are forming in the interest of the work, missionary volunteers are rising up faster than they can be accepted, and young people are meeting together to renew their consecration and to pledge themselves to a life of Christian service in whatever calling they may be engaged.

The Chinese are a reasonable people; what the Christians need is to understand the work and have its aims and purposes made clear to them. Once a task is undertaken nobly they can stand by it. Gifted.Paul Pu, of the Anglican Mission, was urged to resign his work in Sianfu and accept the pastorate of a large metropolitan church at a tempting salary. But he promptly declined saying that he was called to be a missionary.

A Chinese scholar, teaching in a tribal village far removed from the outside world, receiving a salary of nine Mexican dollars a month, bade goodbye to a little band of his visiting countrymen with the unwonted tears coursing down his cheeks, but with never a thought of abandoning his post.

Yu-ling is a college graduate, a young woman of rare culture and refinement. After two years of missionary work in Yunnan, letters began pouring in upon her offering every inducement to return to North China. Shutting herself into her bare upper chamber, she wrestled for hours in prayer to come forth at last with shining countenance and the quiet declaration, "Nothing is too good for God and Yunnan. This shall be my work for life."

One hundred and seventeen years have rolled by since Morrison first set foot on Chinese soil, yet missionary maps of China still show vast reaches of unoccupied territory. As we look around on these fields, white for the harvest, the work of evangelization seems scarcely more than begun. But the Chinese Christian Church has heard God's clarion call, "Go ye!" its hosts are arising to obey the command and the future is bright with the promise of a glorious ingathering.

A CHINESE EDUCATOR'S TEST OF VITAL CHRISTIANITY D R. CHANG PO LING, who was, a few years ago, studying at Columbia University, New York, is one of North China's fore- most educators and a member of the board of directors of the Tientsin Young Men's Christian Association. He was invited by Pastor Wang to speak in the Chinese Christian Church in Tientsin and addressed himself mainly to the large number of young men who had recently signified their intention to follow Christ. He said: "The final test of the value of our religion is whether or not it drives us to service for others. The Bible is filled with statements which show this to be the case. Christ says, 'Ye are the salt of the earth.'

What value is salt if it remains to itself f A hungry man does not ask for pure salt alone. Salt becomes of value only as it mingles with food and seasons it. So Christians living to themselves are of little value, but mingling with men and influencing them, Christians become of as great value to the world as salt is to food.

"Christ says, 'Ye are the light of the world.' But of what value is light if it is shut up to itself T It becomes of value only atl it lights the objects around it. Christ relates, too, the parable of the talents, and tells how the talent is taken away from the inactive man and given to the one who has gained ten talents by use.

"In the face of these facts are you young men going to accept Christ and become members of the Church, and then fold your hands and do nothing more? If you do you will miss the main teaching of the Christian religion as I have found it in the Bible." .

PATHS OF" MIGRATlctl a' 69

1870 – 1921 City Churches on Wheels Some Facts Discovered by the" St. Louis Church Survey"

BY REV. H. PAUL DOUGL,ASS, NEW YORK Projeet Director of Institute of Social and Religious Research; Author of "The St. Louis Church Survey"

T HE "St. Louis Church Survey"* constitutes the most thor- ough-going of recent attempts to appraise the organized re- ligious forces of a great American city from the Protestant standpoint. One of the most amazing aspects of its results was to show how transient and unsubstantial a thing the urban church is under present conditions.

While Protestant church membership and Sunday-school enrolment have both increased faster than population over the two decades investigated, the fortunes of the local church may be judged by the following summary: Between 1899 and 1919, the twelve largest denominations of St. Louis organized sixty-seven new churches, dropped fifty-seven old ones and moved thirty-eight. This totals one hundred and sixty-two cases vitally affected by population movements within little more than two decades. The average number of churches for this period was about two hundred. Three fourths of the total numoer, therefore, faced at some time the ultimate institutional crises of birth, death or removal of location.

'rhe story of these removals is the theme of the present article. Protestantism has sprinkled its churches over the city of St. Louis, with its three quarters of a million people, until all parts of the city are provided with them. The pre.'>ent suburbs illustrate the usual method by which the city church, whether in St. Louis or • Survey made under the joint auspices of the St. Louis Church Federation and the Institute of Social and Religious Research; published by George H. Doran Company, New York. 1924.

105

elsewhere, occupies territory. As new population comes in at the edges of the city, some denomination starts a Sunday-school which develops into a regular place of religious services and finally into a formal church organization. .

Most of the Protestant churches of St. Louis have been located where they now are in acCordance with this process, but a significant number, including SOllie of the oldest and most illfl.uential, have reached their present sites as the result of a series of removals fol- lowing peculiar movements of population. They have been migra- tory churches. One is almost justified in calling them "churches on wheels," "parking" in one location for awhile and then mov- ing on.

The experiences of these migrating churches profoundly reveal many of the most perplexing phases of urban society and explain some crucial issues of Protestant policy. The representative Prot- estant church has moved whenever the character of its immediately surrounding population has radically changed in character.

In the growth, of St. Louis, newcoming population has not in the main occupied the circumference of urban development. It did not begin to build houses where the older population left off. Rather it tended to occupy the center, thus pushing out the older inhabitants toward the edges of the city. The chief reason is that the main body of city populations is always poor, and the expansions of cities are first of all industrial expansions. These new, poor, industrial popu- lations filter into habitations abandoned by their predecessors and left stranded in the grasp of industry. They fill the nooks and cran- nies among its factories, railways and wholesale establishments.

Such tenement districts are continuously renewed in population by the latest comers to the city, whether of foreign birth or of American rural stock.

The more desirable residential districts, on the contrary, progressively detach themselves from the expanding industrial and business areas. Whenever the growth of the city requires more room for factories and stores, the people who are able to do so put distance between their homes and these undesirable encroachments, leaving their old habitations to be filled in by the enlarging army of poor workers whom the growing industries demand. There is thus a cir- culation of population in connection with the growth of cities-new populations evict old ones with their institutions and turn the ex- panding movement of the city into a retreat of the "nice people"

toward the suburbs.

Such a process in St. Louis has been sweeping one Protestant church after another from location to relocation for more than half a century.

The First Presbyterian Church erected its first building in 1827 at the foot of Market Street, close to the river and the levees. In

CITY CHURCHES ON WJlEELS

the decade ending with 1850, soon after St. Louis's boom period, it moved four blocks uptown. As the city grew, the descendants of the early American settlers moved westward, separating themselves from incoming foreign groups. The church again responded to the westward urge and moved, in 1890, to Locust and Fourteenth Streets. By 1912, this block was submerged in the l?usiness district. The building was abandoned and became the Gaiety Burlesque Theater, while the church erected its fourth building at Sarah and Washington Streets, where already its permanence is menaced anew by Negro migration into the district. The length of each of these three migrations reflects the accelerating expansion of the city. In 1850 the rhurch moved four blocks, in 1890 twelve blocks and in 1912 nearly two and one half miles. Its next move is likely to take it beyond the city limits.

Sixty-nine migrations similar to that of the First Presbyterian Church have been studied by the St. Louis Survey for the period of 1871-1921. All of them were carried along on a general tide that bore westward the kind of population to which the older Protestant churches were accustomed so that the period from 1870 to 1890 witnessed the virtual abandonment of the "downtown" section by the English-speaking churches. Decade by decade the "nice people" living in the American sector between the parallel western movements of Negroes and Jews felt the jaws of a trap closing in upon them. DistFict by district these supposed "undesirables," the one moving up the Mill Creek Valley, the other along the axis of Cass and Easton Avenues, overflowed toward each other until they met farther and farther from the center. The older populations fought a continually losing battle against the invasion and often moved their institutions barely in time to escape the encircling movement.

All denominations shared in this retreat from the older sections. By reason of their parish traditions, the Protestant Episcopal churches and those of German origin remained a little longer than the others.

To an amazing degree, the removals of Protestant churches followed a beaten path, in the direction of prestige and supposed advantage to themselves. They trod upon each other's heels until they had rutted out a well-known trail toward the prosperous West End. New church organizations sprang up to evangelize other sections of the city, but they lacked the momentum and influence of this main historic movement, and made a permanent qualitative difference in the churching of the city.

As a net result of these migrations within the American sector, thirty-one churches moved out of the original central district below Grand Avenue and nineteen churches moved into the three contiguous districts immediately west of it.

How lacking these migrations have been in any well~defined or

previsioned plan becomes apparent when one analyzes what happened in a single district just west of Grand Avenue. As a net result of the sixteen migrations into and out of its boundaries this district actually lost but two churches. In other words, at the end of the process there were almost as many centers of organized Christianity (white) as there ever were–though very few of the original ones were left. Institutionaily speaking, the migrations were mainly lost motion. The real explanation is the non-interchangeability of Protestant institutions. Old churches do not do for new people, when the new people are of a little different tradition, experience or economic status, even though they be of the same faith and even of the same sect.

SECOND-HAND CHURCHES FOR SALJ<~ A rather searching inquiry by precise schedules as to what measures a retiring church originally took to insure the deserted community against spiritual loss suggested some inclination to dodge .MISSION GREEK HEBREW NEGRO WHITE HALLS ORTHODOX PROTESTANT PROTESTANT SYNAGO~UE5 CHURCHES Q CHURC~ES CHURCHES (I t i ~ t ,i , i j ii -' i -' -' i1 ii ii -' ii i DJT OF 36 CHURCH IlUILDIM;S THAT IIU<[ SOlD. 22 WERE SOLD TO OTHrR RELIGICl6 BOOIES. TlUS GRAPH SHOW" '.liAT KIN)S OF REllGlCUS erolES THEY WERE SOlD TO.

that issue. Each church doubtless satisfied itself on general grounds that its move was on the whole well advised. This point of view is perhaps practically justifiable but is not fully scientific and does not show a sense of institutional responsibility on the part of the Prot- estant body as a whole, either for the localities or for the people involved. The issues were really too serious to have been settled . with as little information, sense of responsibility and evidence of common counsel, as the churches showed in meeting them.

The disposal of old property furnishes, however, evidence that there was generally a succession of religious forces. When a given church or group of churches left a neighborhood other churches came in to occupy the property. Twenty-two of the thirty-six church prop- erties reported sold in connection with the migrations under consid- eration were sold to other denominations, including four sold to

CITY CHURCHES ON WHEELS

Jewish congregations, six to Negro churches, one to a Greek Orthodox denomination and one to an unclassified religious mission. Of properties reported as not sold to other denominations, one was acquired by the Board of Education and one turned into a residence.

Viewing the whole specta.cle of the shiftings of population ana the migration of Protestant churches since the growth characteristic of cities began in St. Louis, one is led to the conclusion that on the whole these changes of locality have probably brought under the influence of the churches the maximum of Protestant material of the kind to which the particular churches are accustomed to appeal. What the churches as a gTOUp have been after is Protestant people of their own sort. These have been sought both as converts and as supporters. The churches have been habitually seeking the easier THE CHECKERBOARD 0 0 0• •••• 0 •••• 0 0 0 1870-1680 1860-1890 1690-1900 1900-1910 1910-1920 o Churches that moved in .

• Churches tho1- movea oway.

7 CHURCHES MOVED INTO NlJ 9 CHURCHES MOVED CXJT or DISTRICT XIV. 1870 – 1921 way-albeit the only practical way so long as single parishes were left to work out their own social and financial fortunes unaided and without direction. So long as there was no city-wide plan of Protestant strategy and religious occupancy, the expedient of following the crowd has brought frequent success to the Church's enterprise, but also it has brought failure and loss often concealed and never fairly confessed.

Besides the tragical permanent losses of members from the Church and the frequently fatal weakening and final death of individual churches, there are losses of strength to the city at large even where removal appears to be successful. The present general location of the regularly organized Protestant churches and constituency is largely in the more prosperous and wealthy districts.

Of the Protestant churches having fewer than 100 members each, 62 per cent are below Grand Avenue and 38 per cent are above. Of the churches (If the 19 Protestant denominations cooperating in the

Church Federation, only 37 per cent are below Grand Avenue, but 58 per cent of the" other" less conventional and well established denominations and sects are below Grand Avenue, as well as 69 per cent of the Negro churches.

This showing means that the older, better organized and more conventional Protestant organizations have disproportionately taken themselves to the less congested and more desirable parts of the city, leaving the heavy end of the work below Grand Avenue to that irregular type of church which a witty New Yorker has called the "bootleg religions," or else to the Negroes. This in itself subtracts from the moral and social ascendancy of Protestantism and from its place in popular respect. It constitutes a cause for heart-searching on the part of the churches themselves.

Protestantism, then, has habitually sought institutional advantage by change. Historically speaking the chief clue to its story is that it has followed the more desirable population from place to place.' On that basis it has largely succeeded. But is this success 1 Was it the thing to do 1 Catholicism, on the other hand, with its fundamental idea of the geographical parish, attempts-not always successfully- to stay by the people who have to stay and provides definitely for whatever new people enter a given area.

The working out of these strikingly contrasting policies has had no little share in fixing the zones and levels of social advantage and disadvantage which hold the fortunes of different elements of St. Louis's people in such graring contrasts.

Protestantism up to date has no method of effective planning for, nor of adequately financing churches through periods of strain and transition by reason of shifts in population, nor of supporting them for permanent service in regions of permanent disadvantage. Some of the denominations do better than others, but all together do not do nearly well enough in these respects. Neither single churches nor denomInations alone can meet the challenging changes of the city. Local churches without adequate guidance and backing will continue to follow the lines of least resistance, finding their clues in individual advantage and systematically running away from the major problems of the city. Yet the obvious test of the success of the church as a social factor in a city is its ability to meet this essential urban fact of change and to equalize religious opportunity for the entire people. Economic handicaps should be no barrier to the most adequate religious ministries to all the people, while effective religious organization permanently related to localities and neighborhoods should have definite and even controlling influence upon many of their environmental fortunes.

A COMMUNITY CHURCH CO NDUCTED BY THE AM~]RICAN METHOD I STS IN CHE

W E ST CH I NA The Community Church In China BY REV. A. R. K EPL ER, SHAN GHAI, ClHINA Missionary of the Presbyterian Church , U. S. A., 1901-; National Secret ary of the Community .workers Association of China T HE Co=unity Church in China is the expression within the several denominations of the effort to Christianize the indi- vidual and his community. This type of church, sometimes known as an institutional church, is in China a product of the last decade. Of the eighty or more such churches, less than ten have been organized for more than seven years. They are now found in thirteen of the eighteen provinces and represent eleven denominational groups.

Those who are promoting the community program in the churches, do so primarily because of the conviction that this is in line with Christ's program for the realization of His kingdom. The Community Church also multiplies' the points of contact between the Christian forces and the non-Christian constituency by reducing the attitude of mistrust misconception of the missionary and the missionary's message and motive.

The attitude of the Oriental non-Christian to Christianity, is similar to what would be our r eaction to a Buddhist propaganda in our own home town. The non-Christian may have ditIiculty in understanding the Christian vocabulary, and teaching; but he can understand a program of Christian social service and responds readily to its appeal for cooperation. Merehants, gentry and students will readily support this phase of the community church work and are thus prepared for the full message of Christ.

111

Ten years ago a community church was organized in one q:e~. the larger interior cities of China. There had been years of faithful effort in line with the program and objective of the old tYF'e:church. Its membership had been recruited almost wholly from ~l.0ngthe coolies and small shopkeepers, with a few students in the mission boarding schools. There seemed to be an almost impassable gulf between the church and the ni~re influential classes of the community.

The church leaders decided to change their mode of approach and proceeded to build up a varied comprehensive program, adapted to the needs of the community. Local conditions arising out of po~ litical unrest, afforded an opportunity to lay this program before the gentry, merchants and guild leaders and to solicit their coopera- tion. Now after seven years this church is a real civic force for righteousness and Ohristian living and is recognized by the city functionaries and gentry as the one dependable organization around which to rally in times of famine, flood and war relief. It is the acknowledged leader in all sorts of projects for the prom:otion of happier homes, healthier bodies, popular enlightenment, cleaner liv- ' ing, wholesome recreation, better industr.ial relationships, good gov-' ernment and genuine patriotism. It is a living demonstration that all these objectives, so commendable, to the community, are a re-, ligious product; they find their dynamic in God, and gain theip working principles from the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.

This community church has made such a place for itself in the· city that, when a retiring or newly appointed official makes his formal calls upon the Chamber of Commerce and guild leaders, he includes a call on this community church. A stafr of more than fifteen paid workers is employed, exclusive of the foreign missionaries, and the annual budget calls for approximately $10,000 Mex., nearly all of which is provided by fees and local contributions. Some of the foremost citizens assist in soliciting these contributions from their friends and acquaintances.

Last year, at the time of the annual nation-wide week of special – evangelism, the best homes in the city were opened to the pastor and his associates for daily evangelistic services.

In assisting in the preparation of the report of the commission on "The Future Task of the Church" for the National Christian Conference, the writer made inquiry in all parts of China concerning the number of communicants who lapsed from their Christianity in the course of ten years after baptism. It was found that approximately thirty-three per cent of our communicant membership thus reverted, if not to a condition of absolute disbelief in Christianity, at least to an attitude of withdrawal, from Christian fellowship. While at first these figures may seem staggering, it must be recognized that in a non-Christian land, the currents of sin and selfishness and material persuits are so strong that only ceaseless vigil and

19,,5J THE COMMUNiTY CHURCH IN CHINA

unwearied effort will prevent one from becoming a victim of the tide. The Laodicean Christian knows his fate much sooner on the mission field than in America. It is difficult to maintain one's Christian experience and convictions amidst non-Christian relationships. In China, a decision to accept Jesus Christ as Lord and Saviour involves a re-orientation of the convert to all of his old relationships, nearly all of which are opposed to his new-found faith. Apart from the agencies which drew him to Christ, all associations, home, business, friends, and the existing social and industrial order, combine to make the stoutest heart falter and the firmest faith to waver. It A STORY-TELLING HOUR FOR NEIGHBORHOOD CHlLDRiEN IN CHINA is hoped through the community church service many of those who might otherwise lapse from their faith may be conserved to Christ.

China's population increases at the rate of more than 2,000,000 a year. Before the church can overtake this rate of increase, we must produce a Christian environment in home, school, business and society which will produce and develop Christian ideals in place of the Confucian and Buddhist ideals which now find natural expression in a Chinese soul.

The activities of community churches reveal the comprehensiveness of the program, and the many ways in which the Christian impact may be directed upon the individual lives and the social order. There are projects to combat disease and promote community health. Filth; dark, damp, overcrowded homes; undernourishment; ignorance of germs, multiply the victims. Hence wherever 3

PRIZE BABY CONTESTANTS AT BABY WELFARE EXHIBTT possible the church conducts a community clinic. A neighborhood nurse may be employed to visit the homes of the vicinity, advising the mothers concerning their own and their children's ills and aches, prescribing for the more common ailments, preaching the gospel of cleanliness, and offering Christian sympathy of their woes and trials. Small-pox is constantly an endemic so that annual vaccination campaigns are conducted. One church this last year vaceinated over 6,000 people, enlisting the volunteer services of fifty or more doctors, nurses, educators and students.

Extensive plans are made to educate the people 011 public health by charts, stereopticon, moving pictures, pamphlets, posters, lectures, and health exhibits. The people are thus taught the necessity of swatting the fiy, screening the food, eliminating the muck heap, and 'protecting the water supply from contamination. Students and teachers of government schools and others social1y minded in the community are recruited to assist in these campaigns, and thus become accessible to friendly Christian cultivation.

It has been estimated that seventy per cent of the infants born die before the age of adolescence. This situation justifies the churches in including "Baby Welfare Week" in their program. Mothers are taught proper bathing, feeding, and nourishing of children j infants are weighed, measured and charted, and prizes are offered to the one who has made the greatest progress since the

THE COMMUNI'fY CHURCH IN CHINA

previous contest. In China, as everywhere, the shortest road to a woman's heart is by way of her child.

Since the childhood years are the formative period of a person's life, the church is trying to make the most of its opportunity through kindergartens, supervised play, club work for boys, sewing classes and organized activities for girls, story telling hours, games and athletic contests, musiic, dramatics, entertainments, the Vacation Bible school, etc. All these activities are utilized and directed so as to enrich the life of· the child, physically, mentally, socially, and spiritually, while assisting them to grow in wisdom and statqre and in favor with God and man.

Never have the Chinese people felt so keenly the need for popu-· lar education as at present. Schools and vocational courses therefore find a large place in every community church program. These include not only the kinderg'arten and grammar school grades witb religious instruction, but classes in English, typewriting', bookkeeping, cooking, music and sometimes tailoring.

In all these churches there are those who offer their services to promote free schools for poor boys and girls and evening classes for apprentices. The "Bopular Education Movement " is a growing, nation-wide effort, by means of specially prepared textbooks, to teach the illiterate the use of 1,000 of the most frequently used Chi- A COMMUNITY SEWING CLASS FOR NEIGHBORHOOD CHILDREN

THE MISstONARY REVlEW OF THE WORLD [:E'ebruarV

nese characters. The community churches help to promote this movement and many conduct classes in the new phonetic script.

Every community has its poor, and since the days of the Apostles, the church has recognized its obligation to minister to such. Flood, famine, and war leave misery in their wake, presenting an unescapable challenge to the church for organized relief. Special programs for national festivals, occasional entertainments, socials, and fellowship gatherings must needs be included among the projects of all community churches. An indispensable part of the equipment is also the reading room and social hall.

Each community church must adapt its projects to its community needs. Moreover, these programs must be so organized, executed and followed up as to realize the objective of making Jesus Christ STAFF OF EMPLOYED WORKERS-NANTAe 'CHRIS'nAN INSTITUTE. PRESBYTERIAN COMMUNITY CHURCH, SHANGHAI the acknowledged Lord in the lives of all in the community, and His principles dominant in all their relationships. 'rhe need for individual salvation from sin is not being overlooked and reliance on human plans must not be substituted for divine power. Social reform can never take the place of spiritual regeneration. This is expressed in a resolution unanimously adopted at the close of the conference of the National Association of Community Church Workers which met in Shanghai in May, 1923: "If in these recommendations, methods and social service have been stressed, it is well to remind ourselves that, in its finality, it is not by might nor by power nor by methods but by the Spirit of God that the church can accomplish her task; that the only' effective way to regenerate society is by individual regeneration; that the individual's social relationships can be perfected only by :first establishing right relationships with God; that these programs must be begotten and maintained in the spirit of prayer and still more prayer, by the individual and the group. "

Development of Indian

BY WILLIAM PATON, CALCUTTA, INDIA Secreta.ry of National Christian Council T HERE is almost no subject of greater importance to right understanding of the work of Christ in India, than th!;l ques- tion of native Christian leadership. In the last few years a considerable advance has been made in the success with which this problem has been tackled in India. Indian Christians recognize a new relation between the missionary and the Indian Christian, due in large measure, to the fact that a number of missions have placed more responsibility on their Indian Christians.

The Indian Mission Board of the American Marathi Mission, the American Presbyterian Mission and the United Free Church of Scotland in Western India, and the Church Missionary Society are seeking to transfer authority from a distinctively mission body to bodies representative of the native churches. There are still, however, many missionaries, who do not appear to accord full support to this policy.

The fundamental principle is that the leadership of the work of. Ghrist in India must be Indian or fail. Some argue that men should be chosen solely on the ground of fitness without regard to race. But in a Church of Christ in India, the expression of God's Spirit in Indian terms must be predominantly Indian in thought and vision.

It would be very hard for Americans to receive the Gospel if it came through an organization both controlled by Eskimos or Africans and in all its ways reflecting the foreign mentality. The Church in India is to be the instrument and organ of Christ's Spirit in reaching the hearts and minds of Indians.

This Indian interpretation of Christianity requires Indian leaders in positions where they can express themselves effectively. It is perhaps one of the anomalies of the present situation that a missionary who tries to introduce Indian forms in worship and buildings will often find himself most resisted by the elder Indians. The ways of missionaries have been all too faithfully copied.

There is only one thing that will permanently render the Church in India an Indian church, and that is the control of it by Indians. In the long run the way to rid the Church in India of the many slavish imitations of the ways of Western Christians-elements which contribute to the estrangement of the mind of India from the Church-is to make the Indians effective in the organization and life of the Church.

For missions and missionaries this principle should be applied to money, to the choice of workers, and to the outlook of the Church 117

in the West. It is around the question of tnoney that pmctical difficulties center. The argument is frequently heard that as the money by which Christian work in India is supported is still predominantly derived from foreign sources, it is right that it should be administered by people of the same race as those who gave it. But the money which missions dispense is given to them by God's people for the furtherance of His work. It is only necessary that it should be used in the best way, not only the most efficient way, but the way in which the ultimate goal-the building up of the Church-will most surely be realized. On this ground much can be said for missions making to Indian church boards grants of money for the aid of the work, and for handing to them work which has previously been in the charge of missionaries and the money for its support-provided that it is reasonably certain that the work will be done.

Indians understand as well as anyone, that gifts for Christian work are given by those who believe in it, and that the gifts cease with the weakening or disappearance of confidence. When a mission entrusts to a responsible Indian Christian body the care of work and funds,. such action both develops initiative and confers experience, while it draws out the generosity of the Indian Church.

There is no foundation for the view that what Indians want is to have the money from the missionary societies and to do without the missionaries! Here and there some may be found who say this, but it represents no widespread opinion among responsible men. One of the most prominent and advanced of Indian Christians, a man widely known for the vigor and boldness of his Nationalism, says that in the partnership which he desires to see, between the Indian Church and the missions, "the missionary factor is absolutely valueless except in the personal equation of the missionaries, men and women. Not the colleges and schools, not the philanthropic foundations, not the ecclesiastical organizations, but it is the personalities that matter." The Indians want the missionaries, but they want us not as masters but as helpers.

Some types of work can in many cases be made over to Indian control; others are more difficult or even impossible to transfer, owing to the lack of sufficient experience and knowledge in the Indian Church. But in any enterprise under foreign control, there should be effective Indian representation.

As to workers there are many qualities needed in a missionary nowadays, but none is so essential as u;illingness to serve. It should be made abundantly plain to those who are sent out that this is a dominating principle in our work; and those who do not show every sign of desiring humbly to cooperate with Indian leaders should not be sent.

An American leader suggests that it has been a fault in missionary addresses that the work of missions have been presented as an

THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDIAN LEADERSHIP

extension of American Protestantism.. It is perhaps true that a large number of supporters of missions think of the work in this way. They know little about the lands to which their representatives are sent; they sincerely believe that they are in an extremely rotten condition and they associate the Gospel with a certain type of social structure to which they have themselves grown accustomed; and conceive of missions as conferring the benefits of American foreign ideals and modes of life upon a needy people.

In India at least the tide is now.the other way, for they do not wish 'Vestern civilization. There is something, much more beautiful than the Ohristianity of my own tradition, waiting to be born. We that have learned of Ohrist have not learned all of Him. There are notes of praise that India and Ohina and Africa can sound, not contained in our harmonies. We take to India what we have, the good news of Christ, and in the providence of God that message strikes chords in the Indian heart.

H is a part of the glory of mis- sionary work that one is able to see the new and wonderful expres- sions of that universal Christian faith, and to contemplate in rever- ence the many ways in which He is fulfilled, who filleth all things.

ARCHDEACON IBSAN ULLAH vVe should admit the right of One of the leading Christians of North India Indian Christians to make their own experiments along the many lines which have been traversed by our Western feet. They will not ignore our experience, but they will not be tied by it. It will always be a matter of difference among Christians as to what is essential and what secondary in their faith and practice. But if we believe that the Holy Spirit will guide us into all truth, then we should be ready to find Indians expressing in their own way what "the Spirit says to the Churches."

We missionaries must learn instinctively to think of the Indian Church and not only of "our Mission"; to watch for what it will do, not only to initiate action ourselves; and to think of Christianity not as a religion whose springs lie in America or Europe, but one whose life-centers are in the East as well as in the West. It is our privilege to share with the Christians of India the blessings and the responsibilities of the Gospel in Christ Jesus our Lord.

Experiences in Cairo U niversity*

Views of Seniors Repo1·ted by Prof. Wendell Cleland SIR, tell us of our future." Someone had written this on the blackboard so that it would catch Mr. Conscientious Teacher's attention as he entered the room.

"What can I tell you of your futures f 'l'his is an English class." "Sir, we like to know what you think we can do," interposed Omar. "Yes, sir. Yes, sir," came a general chorus. Seizing the opportunity to have a lesson in conversation on a subject which would hold their attention, Teacher put aside his program and turned the class into a fOTIlm on "Openings for the Egyptian student." "Well, what do you want to bel" The vote showed the doctors to be overwhelmingly in the majority. "Abdullah, why do you want to be a doctor 1" Abdullah adjusted his tarboush and rose eagerly. "Because, sir, doctors make much money ['Umhmm,' thought Mr. Teacher] and if a doctor is very wise and clever, many people will come to him and he will become verv rich. ' , "But, if so many" want to become doctors, there will not be enough rich sick to go around, and then some of you will starve to death, or else go out into the villages and treat the fellaheen, who cannot pay very much," Teacher objected. "No, sir. The fellaheen are very rich now. They used to be poor, but since the war prices of cotton and grains have advanced' from three to ten times and they have made lots of money. Their land has become very valuable, too. It is worth, on an average, $1,000 an acre, and many of them own the land they work. The number of fellaheen who own land is increasing at the rate of two and one~half per cent each year. Now 450,000 more farmers own land than ten years ago, and that means that eventually the majority of the peasants are going to own their own farms, and so no longer be the slaves of the big landlords." "Where did you learn aU tha11" interjected the astonished Teacher. "Are you sure of your facts 1" "Yes, sir. They are in the last Government Year Book," exclaimed Said, grabbing the top of his tarboush and rising hastily to interject his opinion. "There are 4,000,000 peasants in Egypt, and • From Ble.sed Be Egypt.

120 nearly 2,000,000 Egyptians own farm land, So that means that almost every family owns a little bit, at least one or two acres. The average amount owned by Egyptians has decreased from three and one-half to two and three-fourths acres, or nearly 25 per cent in the last ten years, which means that the people who were once poor and almost like slaves are getting the land from the rich pashas who used to own it all. So if a man owns even one acre only he is worth about $1,000, and can afford to pay us well for our work."

"But," continued Teacher, "how do you know that these people are going to get sick~ This is said to be a very healthy country. It never gets very cold, the sun disinfects the place, and diseases do not get much of a hold. What makes you think there is going to be any work for the doctors 7"

Naseef's hand shot up, and Teacher knew his answer, for he had seen him intensely interested in an illustrated lecture given to the students by Dr. Abd ul Malik on the subject" Bilharzia."

"Sir," he said, thrusting forth his hands in an argumentative way, "eighty per cent of these fellaheen have bilharzia, and when they discover it they will all want treatment. And then they all have trachoma, and many have hookworm and other diseases. Of course there win be lots of work."

"Sir, sir!" Hands were going up all round, so one more representative of the doctor group wa(3 called upon. Ibrahim rose with an interested, eager look on his face, and making the habitual adjustment of his tarboush, spoke up.

"Sir, my friends have said that the future of our country holds great wealth for the doctor because of his ability to cure diseases and get paid for it. But, sir, I think there is a better reason for becoming a doctor. I don't care whether I get rich or not, and I would treat all the fellaheen and poor people alike, whether they could pay me or not. But as a doctor I would rather study how to get rid of these diseases by purifying the water, killing the mosquitoes and fleas, and teaching the people, and especially the children, how to avoid these bad diseases. Then, sir, the death rate among children under one year of age would not be twenty-three per cent every year. For this reason, I would rather do most of my work at 'preventive' medicine, and so free Egypt of these bad diseases. ['Long live free Egypt!' Ahmed, the patriot, could not restrain himself.] Then, sir, there is no reason why Egypt should not be the healthiest, wealthiest and most famous country in all the world."

"When that great day comes and Egypt has no more diseases what will happen to all the doctors who think they are going to get so rich ~" is the question which Mr. Teacher naturally asks.

"Then, sir, it will serve them right for wanting to take advantage of people's misery to make themselves rich. They can find something else to do. Perhaps by that time they will have learned

that a man's duty to his country is not finished when he gets rid of its evils. He must assist the process of evolution as well as obstruct devolution. He should help to develop good things, and if he becomes rich incidentally, that is his reward and is no crime."

Teacher recalled that Ibrahim was the leading student of the class, and had delivered several fine orations along this line in the literary society to which he belonged.

"But, sir," he continued, almost pleadingly, "where can we get this kind of medical education f The one government medical school already has too many students, and nearly a hundred are turned . away every year. .And it is very expensive for us to go to Europe or .America to study. Why does this University not have a medical department, so we can continue our preparation right here7 It would be very much better for us to go on with you and be able to stay here in our own beloved country."

Prof. Teacher had no answer to that question. Personally, he was willing enough to have a medical school as part of the University, where boys wanting to work under the stimulus of such high ideals would find themselves encouraged, but, as the Arabic puts it, "not with us money." So Teacher dodged the answer and started on a different track.

" Yacoub, you are planning to be a teacher. Why f " Now, some students are inclined to think that a man becomes a teacher only after he has failed to get into the medical or engineer- ing or law schools, so Yacoub got to his feet with something of defiance in his eye.

"Sir, I am planning to be a teacher because I think my country needs education more than anything else just now. I know that all of our people are very intelligent and have good minds. [Yacoub is a proud defender of the NationaIist cause also. J If you talk to the average fellah, you will not find him stupid, for he does his work very well and knows many things. He may not know how to read, but that does not mean that he does not have a good mind. Mo- hamed .Aly Pasha (the founder of modern Egypt) could not read nor write, and now Fulan Pasha, of the Constitutional Commission, though he cannot read nor write, yet is recognized as having a very fine mind. However, in spite of this fact, I know, sir, that ability to read will help very much to open the poor man's mind and let him see the bigness of the world and the Truth of God, and release him from being the tool of wicked men who tell him lies to excite him for their own bad purposes. So I wish to be an educator and spread education in every village and city among the 93 per cent of our people who cannot read and write now. .And especially would I like to assist in the education of the women and girls, for only 1.2 per cent of the women over five years of age can read; and the others cannot be even as well educated as the illiterate men, for our customs

CLASSROOM EXPERIENCES IN CAIRO UNIVERSITY

prevent women from travelling very much from place to place and learning new things. I had hoped, sir, when I entered this college three years ago, that I would be able to learn the teaching profession in this University, so as to become a teacher and trainer of teachers myself, but you do not have that department yet, sir."

These veiled reproaches were getting a bit under the skin of Mr. O. Teacher, so he shifted the subject again, and called upon Mohamed, who had lustily voted to make himself a journalist.

"Arabic journalism, sir, is going to furnish one of the most useful occupations for young Egyptians. There are now seventy-seven Arabic newspapers and magazines printed in Egypt, though only 800,000 people out of Egypt's 13,000,000 read Arabic. As Yacoub gets the other 93 per cent educated, there will be a big demand for newspapers in every city and village, just as there is in yuur country. Then, too, sir, you know that the Cairo papers are read not only in all parts of Egypt but also in every Arabic-speaking country, all the way from Morocco to Persia, and these countries are affected by what takes place in Egypt. I thiIL.~ you know that one of our new students this year, who came from Mecca, learned about this University by reading an article about it in the Mokattam [a Cairo Arabic daily]. But, sir, I want to reach many people with my paper, not only to make a living for myself, but because I believe the security of our country's independence rests upon all the people knowing the truth about events. Some newspapers print only lies, so as to prejudice their readers. I want to print the truth, so that those who read can form unbiased judgments. I saw, sir, in your printed program that you were going to have a School of Journalism, but-"

Teacher could not bear it any longer, so he tried to divert the train of thought back to the English lesson, but one other profession insisted on being heard from. Abd ur Rahman, who had his heart set on commerce and his hand set on his tarboush preparatory to launching forth, was given tbe floor. He talked staccato, for he was not the most fluent in English.

"Sir, Egypt is a land of agriculture. One fourth and more of the Egyptians live and work on farms. All of our commerce depends on our soil, which Father Nile brings us as a new coat every year. The water of the river is full of fresh soil. Irrigation by means of 11,000 miles of canals deposits this continuously, so that there is always a new surface. This enables the farmer to get three crops a year easily. Never does our river fail us entirely, and we never have cold to kill our plants. So we are very fortunate in agriculture. We are sometimes called the granary of Europe. During the war we sent much food to the Allies-sugar, wheat, rice, barley, dairy products, etc. In 1919, 90 per cent of our exports were cotton and cotton goods alone; and also the total goods exported were almost double the importations. Therefore we should become increasingly

wealthy. And since we are on the great trade route between Europe and the Far East, our opportunities for trade with all the world are tremendous. We are the front door to Central Africa, too. I wish, sir, the Americans would start a school to teach the young man of Egypt all about economics and the great science of commerce, so we could be experts, like the men in New York and London and Paris, and manage all our own affairs to the gain and honor of our country. You will have many students, sir, and some who now go to England and America to learn this at great expense will remain here."

That was the last straw, and Mr. Conscientious Teacher, who had spent three years encouraging these boys to see big visions with increasingly lofty ideals, felt that he was about to turn them loose into a cold world where high purposes so carefully cultivated might be nipped ip the bud, and so bear no fruit. But he was in for another jolt, albeit somewhat of a comfort, too. This time it was Suren, an Armenian boy and a leading student, who hopes some day to be a structural engineer.

"Sir, we are all here in this college, Armenians, Egyptians, Syrians, .Jews and Arabs-different races and religions; but you have taught us to be brothers, io love each other and our Father, God. We will never forget our beloved college. Weare sorry to leave her, and we would stay longer if you would keep us. ,Ve hope, in the future, our successors will be more fortunate than we, and be able to finish their educations for their professions right here in the American University. We are glad that we came here."

Mr. Conscientious Teacher wandered back to his study, fervently thanking the Master for what he had seeu, but also realizing how much more certain would be the results if he could see in the near future a completed University.

SIX REASONS FOR BEING A CHRISTIAN 1. Because The Son of God loved me and gave Himself for me. Galatians 2: 20.

2. Because As many as received Him, to them gave He power to become the sons of God, even to them that believe on His Name. John 2: 12.

3. Because Being justified by faith we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ. Romans 5: l.

4. Because If any man sin we have an Advocate with the Father Jesus Christ the RighteoU's. 1 John 2: l.

5. Because I know whom I have believed, and am persuaded that He is able to keep that which I have committed unto Him against that day. 2 Tim. 1: J2.

6. Because Unto them that look for Him shall He appear the second time with- out sin unto salvation. Hebrews 9: 28.

A Christian Statesman of

I T is not easy to preach the Gospel in Chile today, as Church and State are nominally one, if not practically so. Wherever the Roman Catholic Church controls the officials, they may bring to bear the inquisitorial power of the Middle Ages. The difficulties today, however, are as nothing compared to those of the time of Bishop William Taylor and Samuel Torregrosa, for those pioneers persisted and wrought mightily, and the present generation of preachers and Christian workers are reaping the benefits of their labors.

The Rev. Moises Torregrosa is a second generation Christian.

His father, Samuel Torregrosa, was a native of Spain and upon his conversion felt a call to go out to Chile, where he began his work of evangelization in an indepen- dent way without any society sup- porting him. As a tribute to the work of his father, Moises wrote a biography a short time ago en- titled "Forty Years of Battle,"

which in a picturesque way rep- resents the early labors and con- quests of a patriarch of Christian missions in Chile.

Fortunately for Moises, the early missionaries established REV. MOISES TORREGROSA schools for boys as well as for girls, One of the Evangelical Pastors of Santiago.

and he was enabled to secure an Chile intellectual foundation which has stood him well in hand in the time of his increasing responsibility. Young Torregrosa began preaching at an early age and the success attending his efforts might well have spoiled one of less sincerity and consecration.

When the Union Theological Seminary was opened in Santiago, Moises was one of the first students and studied hard, learning not merely from books, but from devout and earnest Christian mission- aries of the Presbyterian and Methodist Missions. He was a young man of fine talents and manifested unusual brilliancy in everything he undertook. So well did he perform pastoral duties that some of the largest churches invited him to become pastor at greatly in- creased salary. He had sufficient grace, however, to carryon in the appointments given him, and in time has entered into the largest 125

places of influence and power within the gift of his own church in Chile. "To whom much is given, much is demanded," and this has been especially true in the case of Moises Torregrosa. He is large in build, handsome and dignified in appearance, and he has both the physique and the voice of an orator. These natural abilities, coupled with his unusual passionate devotion to the gospel message, have made him a flame of fire wherever he has gone.

At present Mr. Torregrosa is serving as Superintendent of the Central District, the large!';t and most important district in the Methodist Episcopal Church. At the same time he is editor of the union wflekly paper, President of the Good Samaritan Dispensary, and professor in the Union Theological School, besides having a part on TREATING PATIENTS AT METHODIST DISP ENSARY AND CLI N IC, SANTIAGO, CHiLE the most important committees of the Mission and the Church in Chile. He was elected a delegate by his fellow preachers and missionaries to the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church which met at Springfield, Mass., in May, 1924, arid as such was an outstanding figure, able to interpret the SQuth American Church so as to give a better understanding of it to the North American leaders.

Chile in transition needs many Moises Torregrosas, men who have consecrated all of their powers to Almighty God and who are fearless and courageous in setting forth the teaching and will of the Master in such a way that lives will be transformed, manhood remade, and the teachings of .Jesus adopted as the principles and laws of conduct and of life.

BY MRs. E. C. CRONK, 721 MUHIJENBERG BLDG., PHILADELPHIA, P A

IN THREE YEARS tensive preparation for the six weeks'

The three-year record of the School school. of Missions of Temple Church, Los How IT WAS ORGANI2IED.-The Gen- Angeles, California (Dr. J. Whitcomb Brougher, Pastor), should be eral Committee consisted of the Direcstudied by everyone who is inter- tor of Religious Education, all chairested in Schools of Missions. men of subcommittees, the Directoll of Dramatics, secretary, treasurer and In actnal figures in black and white librarian. There were committees on this record shows: music, decorations, electric lighting, advertising and special features. The Year Attendance Average faculty and assistants numbered 1921 2,404 401 twenty-five and there were numerous 1922 2,714 452 1923 4,391 732 other helpers. How 1'1' WAS ANNOUNCED.-A circu- Of course if vour church is a small lar was prepared for general distribu- one you may say, "It's easy to put on tion giving names of courses, teachers, big things in a big church with three age, classifications and the list of dra- thousand members!" but it is just as matizations to be given each night.

easy to put on big things on a small These were distributed by the Sun- scale in small churches. day School pupils in their own homes How IT BEGAN.-The School of Mis- and' immediate neighborhoods. At sions grew out of a summer confer- the women's social circles, for weeks ence of the Missionary Education prior to the school, thousands of Movement, as so many other splendid yellow paper chrysanthemums were things have grown. A group of dele- made. These, with enrollment cards, gates, including the Director of Re- were given to every member of the ligious Education, was sent to Asilo- congregation on the Sunday morning mar to the Conference. They studied preceding the opening of the school, missionary methods, programs and by young Japanese men and women, objectives, and came back home with after a missionary sermon by the new information and inspiration. pastor.

How IT GREw.-For t4e six weeks' Burdette Hall, where prayer meet- period of 1921, the attendance was ings and social functions are held, 2,404, averaging 401 a night. The was decorated as a Japanese garden.

second year the attendance was 2,714, Paper lanterns (lighted by electric- averaging 452 each evening. The ity) were hung. Popcorn, colored third year the school was held in pink, fastened to boughs, made a per- .January and .February, so as not to fect mass of "cherry blossoms" as a interfere with the School of Religious stage background. The great Buddha Education, and also to lay a founda- was drawn on the blackboard, and tion for a great effort to complete the Mt. Fujiyama, and pagodas, etc. All New World Movement. The attend- this was done a week before, for ad- ance totaled 4,391, more than 1,000 vertising pUl'poses.

different people being enrolled. The A special enrollment card was pre- last night the actual attendance was pared. Perforated in the center, one- 916. There were two months of in- half gave name, address and, tele- 127

phone, and on the reverse side, a quiring 1wenty minutes. Then all place to check the courses selected. were dismissed, and went to reserved The other half listed the dramatiza- seats for the evening service. tions, textbooks and school directory. A button was also prepared, weeks THE Cr,AsSEs.-Little folks from six before, bearing this inscription: to nine were told a missionary story. " Temple Baptist School of Missions, " Ages ten to twelve were taught "The in red lettering on a white ground. Honorable Japanese Fan." The In- termediates, thirteen to fifteen, were How TIME WAS FOUND.-Sunday given "Young Japan." The high night at 5 : 30, covering the time when school group, sixteen to eighteen, took seven Christian Endeavor Societies "Japan on the Upward Trail." Ages met, all of which were temporarily nineteen to twenty-two, under anabsorbed in the School of Missions, other teacher, took the same course, was chosen as the time. This is a as did also the next older group, better time than prayer meeting twenty-three to twenty-eight. Young night, if it is worth while to reach women over twenty-eight studied others than the prayer meeting crowd. "The Child and America's Future." The Christian Endeavor Societies M:rs. Lena Leonard Fisher, a returned formed a nucleus. The School of Mis- missionary and Professor of Missions sions at that hour related itself to in the University of Southern Calithe church services. It tempted out- fornia, interpreted "Creative Forces siders to come early. It discovered a in Japan" to the adult women, while large number, young and old, for an the adult men studied "The Debt evangelistic field. It widened the Eternal." Mrs. Fisher was the only reach of missionary instruction. It paid instructor. made it possible for the whole family -even when there were small chil- THE FINANCES.-There were no coldren-to attend. lections taken. There were no charges made. Before the closing night there How THE PRAYER MEET'ING WAS was the suggestion that there be an RELATED.-Simultaneously, however, offering, purely voluntary, of a dollar on Weduesday nights, the Associate or more, made at the last session. No Pastor gave a conrse of addresses on one was urged. It was to be merely "'I'he Authority for Missionary En· an expression of appreciation. The terprise. " These were given an hour offering was foUl' hundred dollars. before prayer meeting, and were attended by hundreds. The subjects THE DRAMATIZATIONS. – The six were: "The Authority of the Scrip- pageants used for the closing twenty tures," "'fhe Authority of a Chris- minutes were full of color, and entian Conscience," "The Authority of listed many people, young and old. Human Need," "The Authority of .Each represented some missionary appeal. An electric spotlight and Success, " etc. colored footlights aided in giving THE PROGRAM.–At 5: 30 sharp the beauty and attractiveness.

School of Missions was called to "at- On the Friday night after the clostention." Necessary anncuncements ing Sunday night, a great concluding were made. Next, some feature of pageant was given, representing peointerest WIl,S put on, surh as a group ple of many nations: Italian, Mexof singing Japanese children; a J apa- ican, Japanese, Russian, Indian, nese choir in costume; a tea cere- Negro, etc., and the church as the mony, etc. At 5: 45 all were dismissed agency in Christian Americanization. for separate classes, these being ar- These different groups sang their naranged for men and women, and for tional anthems and folk songs. young people and children, according to age. Classes lasted for fifty min- THE RESULTs.—,The results of the utes, when they were promptly re- School were far reaching. The whole called to witness a dramatization re- church was awakened, as never be- fore, to think "Missions." The

BEST MET1IODS

Christian Endeavor was given a good laugh at the discrepancies, I ex- vision. The importance of pageantry hibit a wall map and we compare.

was clearly shown. The School was a This produces ten times more interest feeder to the ,church. The who.le than if the map had been shown at family had something in common for the start of the class.

home conversation, and a common in- Sometimes I vary the process. Last terest in the Christian world program. year I asked my class in Japan on the Temple Church believ~ in a Sun- Upward Trail this question, "If you day night School of Missions once a should start in an airplane from year, conducted with all the pep and Tokyo, Japan, and fly due west color and character that its versatile around the world would you strike people can put into it. the United States~ If so, whereY"

STARTING A :MISSION STUDY This was great fun. Some were sure CLASS you would pass completely to the south of the United States. Others By GILBF~T Q. LESoURD were equally sure you would go to About twenty years ago I learned the north. Many said frankly that a little scheme that seldom fails to they had no idea. But all were interwork when you are looking for a good ested. Then we made the comparison way to launch the initial meeting of showing that the plane would land on your mission study class. A pastor's the coast of North Carolina. wife taught it to me and many others have used it, so it claims no copyright, To do this effectively you need a but even if old it remains just about world map. The Missionary Educathe best opener I know. It is sim- tion Movement has recently issued a plicity itself. Pass out blank sheets new missionary map of the world of paper and ask your class to draw which is admirably adapted to this a rough outline of the country to be use. It is 41×98 inches in size. Printstudied, locating one or more impor- ed on paper it can be' purchased for tant points. I always reassure the the low price of $2.00 postpaid, but it timid ones by telling them they need will be economy to pay $3.75 for the not hand in their maps and do not map printed on cloth, as that will even need to show them unless they wear much longer. Practically all want to. I draw one myself and usu- denominational boards now are selling this new map of the world.

ally exhibit mine first. Since I can't LOOKING THE WORLD IN THE draw even a crooked line and make it FACE look natural, the sight of my map usually creates so much excitement The new missionary map of the that others venture to show theirs and world of which Dr. LeSourd writes so the ice is broken. Before the maps should be hailed with joy by all mis- are exhibited I ask the class to locate sionary leaders. It is likely that later certain important features. If we a booklet of suggestions on how to are studying Africa I never fail to use the map may be issued. In the ask them to put in the equator. This meantime put a committee in your is located all the way from the ex- own church or Sunday School to treme north to near the middle, but work on plans.

usually much farther north than it When that great missionary pastor, belongs. One or two well-known cities Dr. D. M. Stearns of Germantown, are asked for and never fail to prove was asked, "Wbat methods do you too much for the limited knowledge of use for visualizing missions to your the class. But just to realize how people'" he responded, "I always little they do know serves to kindle a keep the world before their eyes."

lively interest in the country. After A five or ten minute map talk or several maps have been voluntarily exercise will help an entire school or exhibited and the class has enjoyed a congregation to look the world in the 4

face. A few advance suggestions for map talk with a pointer. The thirty using the map in Sunday Schools, minutes may be changed to five or ten Missionary Societies, Brotherhoods or for a Sunday School and still make other group meetings are: possible a dear presentation of the 1. Pray for various mission fields, location of mission stations.

with the map before you. Take 5. A series of five minute map talks China, for instance. Have a leader on our various mission fields may be point out the capital, then pause for given on several successive Sundays.

prayer for that great nation and all 6. Much interest may be aroused its officials. Pass on to various mis- and much -information given by as- sion fields or institutions, calling at- signing to various classes responsi- tention to the accomplishments for bility for presenting in five or ten which thanks should be given, and to minutes mission work in certain coun- the needs for which intercession tries by means of the map. – should be made. Pause at each station or institution for prayer. -The WHAT TO DO WITH MISSION STUDY BOOKS leader may voice all the petitions, or different leaders may be assigned in A request has been received for advance, or some or all of the prayer suggestions in regard to what may be may be silent thanksgiving and in- done with Mission Study books. Their tercession. actual use in regular Mission Study 2. Last year Court Street Meth- classes is only a part of their pos- odist Episcopal Church, Lynchburg, sibility.

Va., had a lighthouse seven feet tall "The New Mission Study Book in in its Sunday-school auditorium. On Every Home" is a good slogan. Cre- the Sunday on which the financial ate a sentiment for adding to the goal for missions was reached the family library a new book each win- lights were turned on and for a ter and another each fall. This will month the lighthouse report was be- add two new valuable missionary fore the school. books a year for a permanent library.

This year the lighthouse has been READING CIRCLES.-If a number of replaced by a map of the world, with people will buy books, name a week an electric lighting device. Vhen the as Reading Circle Week during which financial goal is reached, eleven lights each member is asked to read the are to shine forth showing the loca- book, and a report of readers is made.

tion of the eleven mission fields of If people will not buy a book, try the church. the plan of a reading circle which 3. The map may be used in con- passes several books around, allowing nection with a flag exercise. In a each member to keep a book for a map study of a certain continent or week.

section have boys or girls carry flags SECOND-HAND POSSIBILITIES. – In of countries to be presented and each many of the churches in which there give a fact or several facts about the is little interest in Mission Study one country as they point out its boun- of the difficulties is to get the books daries on the map. with which to begin a class. Indi- A single country may be taken vidual members will not buy books each Sunday and a number of boys unless they are interested. In a num- and girls may carry flags of that ber of districts a lfission Study leader country and each give a striking fact has met this difficulty by asking that about it, or about one of its cities used books be sent to her. She keeps or sections. a large assortment on hand and an- 4. "Around the World in Thirty nounces that books will be loaned to Minutes" may be given by some one start classes that are not able, or not who knows the mission fields of the yet sufficiently interested, to buy th.eir church, and knows how to make a own books. She reports that books on

BEST METHODS

various countries are in constant de- For City Libraries mand, and many classes are doing See that missionarv books are successful work because the books added to your city or ~ommunity liwere made available for their use. brary. Recently a missionary leader LEND A BOOK.-One of the best visited the library of one of the things to do with Mission Study books largest cities in the United States, a is to lend them. city famed for its denominational "By the way, Bill," said a business and interdenominational Mission man to one of his office employees, Study classes. She asked for Mission "I read a tremendously interesting Study books, and was shown the cards paragraph about conditions in China of the missionary section. There was' in a book called' China.'s Rea~ Revo- not one book in it that had been publ1ttion. ' You ought to be up-to-the- lished in recent years and only about minute on that. I brought my copy a half dozen of all the Mission Study to the office todav. Take it home books of the past twenty-five years. with you alid let ~e have it back by Whose fault is it 1 Not the librarian's, Friday. Tremendously interesting it or the library's. Librarians give out is. " Bill is entirely unconscious of the books that are called for. Lithe faet that he is reading a Mission braries have on their shelves the books Study book, but he does want to be that are 'in demand. an "up-to-the-minute," well-informed If the missionary leaders of a comman, and he is learning some things munity will furnish to the libraries, about China that are not published in annually or quarterly, a list of the the daily papers, and is surprising the books to be studied by all the men with whom he lunches down churches, together with the best refertown by his knowledge of China and ence books, these books will likely be things Chinese. placed on the shelves.. If the people "A£ soon as I saw Land of the of all the churches know that the Saddlebags I thought of you," said a latest and best missionary books are friend to a home-coming tourist. to be found in the library there will " You've been down in the Blue Ridge be enough demand for them to make mountains, haven't you? I know their value apparent. you'll be interested in this latest book TAG DAY that I've added to my library, Land of the Saddlebags, so I brought it The world groans under the multi- over to you. Too bad you've sprained plicity of tag days. Of them there is your ankle, but you know I almost no end. Miss Carrie I..ee Campbell envy you the opportunity of being in her small and suggestive book, propped up here with nothing to do Mission Methods, tells of something but to read." new in tag days.

"Do you recall our discussion in Any SLlllday-school or missionary our Twentieth Century Club the other society may follow out the suggestion, day about the women of China V" and add to it. Name a certain day said a woman to a prominent club as Tag Day. Announce "No financial leader. "Wben I went home I found >;olicitation. Memory, not money, in- a book, Ming ](wong, that answered volved. "

nearly everyone of the questions Prepare tags on which are plainly raised. I ran in to bring it to you. written or typewritten short striking You'11 find it most interesting. The facts about mission lands and mission author has spent many years in China work.

and is a recognized authority." So Have two, four, or six members at it was that the book was passed from the doors to pjn a tag on each person one member of the club to another who attends.

until half a dozen or more members Allow several moments for "tag had read it. study," during which each one is ex

pected to memorize the fact on his The whole program, built around the tag. Then have tag holders rise and beautiful flag, wa~ noble and impressive. The church hopes to adapt for permanent recite their facts in any order planned. use a valuable symbol of service that has been all but lost since the war. Different colored tags may be used for the work of the various Church MONEY TALKS Boards. After all is said, that may be said A SERVICE FLAG OF PEACE about money, it has a few things to How shall ideals of peace be substituted for ideals of war T say itself.

How shall records of peace be en- Money is not the main objective in nobled above records of war 1 missionary work, but. money often How shall heroes of peace be ranked above heroes of war ~ tells whether or not missions are the The following clipping from a city main objective of the life of an indidaily is suggestive: vidual or an organization. SERVICE FLAG DEDICATED AT FIRST CHURCH Where our money goes is at least Sunday noon a most impressive ceremony took place in the First Parish church school a clue to the deepest interests of our when a new Service Flag of Peace was dedicated. This beautiful flag is the gift of heart. the Junior D~partment led by Mrs. Charles Goss. Miss Margaret Varney, who eared Howard Park Sunday School, Tofor the war serviee flag, will be the ,guardian of this one. ronto, Canada, gave $471.30 for mis- The Rev. Lewis E. Purdum took charge, sions in 1915-1916. using as a framework for his talk, a worship service written by Ruth Davis, D. H. S. In 1921-1922 its gifts had almost 1926, with the service director. He called attention to the ehurch service flag of 1916- quadruploo, being $1,800.00. The 1918, draped on the wall, in order to bring back to the boys and girls what this record following record tells of increasing had meant to the church in the years when the young men enlisted in the service of interest for six years: their conntry and went away, two of them never to retnrn. 1915-1916 $4171.30 1916-1917 ………… 800.00 "Boys and girls of today can enlist for 1917 -1918 ………… 975.00 service in other ways," explained the pas- 1918-1919 ………… 1,200.00 tor, "in the work of their church, their … . ……. 1,500.00 community, their world. When you enlist 1920-19~1 ………… 1,800.00 under your government, there are certain conditions that you must fulfil. So it is 1921-1922 with our new service flag. You must fulfil certain conditions when you enlist here, and Mr. M. A. Love, the Missionary when you have done so, your star will go Superintendent of the Sunday schooL On the flag. has given the following synopsis of the Howard Park l'iystem of miission- "The five stars already there represent ary education and plan of work: the five of you who have already met those conditions. It is not possible to measure I. ORGANIZA'.rION (after eight or nme the spirit of service, but certam results of years' growth). it can be seen and measured. TIlere are certain definite thmgs you can form the (a) Missionary Superintendent: habit of doing for your "hurch and <;om- Appointed at annual Giection of S. S. munity. If you do, your star will be added officers and holding position on the to show your enlistment. This is a thing Board, with all other Assistant of beauty that we are making together." Superintendents.

In the army. enlistment is only the begin- (b) Two or more representatives from ning. So in the First Parish program, there Sellior, Junior and Primary School, will be special recognition for conspicuous and one member from Brotherhood all-round, habitual service. Small red crosses and Ladies' Bible Class and Secsimilar to that on the Christian flag be- retaric"' office-on the Missionary longing to the church, will be substituted Committee. for the stars of those who make distingnished and persistent records. (c) Missionary Librarian and Assistant. (d) Missional')' Publleity Agent. (e) Each organized class has a Mission- ary l3ecretary. Missionary representative assigned for ns to suPPOtt in Chma-Rev. Gerald Bell.

II. OBJECTIVES.

(a) Missionary education of all the pupils and teachers of the School.

(b) The creation of missionary enthusi- asm by variety of methods in work.

(c) The gaUlCrhlg in of as large a sum encourage the children to earn of missionary money as is possible their own morrey for missions. (h) We send three representatives to for our School. Whitby Missionary Summer School and hear their reports at our An- III. M]~THODS. nual Teachers" Banquet in the autumn. (a) A five-minute missionary program is (i) Last year two out "f three of our put on each alternate Sunday in Whitby delegates offered them- each eection of the School. When- selves for the foreign work. One ever possible, we use S0me member of these sailed for China in Sep- of our own School for these pro- tember of this ye'lr. grams. The program is planned (j) Some of our organized classes aim at by tlw ]fiesionary Committee ~nd a cent a day (at least) for mis- carried out bv the representatlves sions. By this mean'S one class of on the Board from each section. boys, from twelve to fourteen years We use great variety in these pro- of age, gave last year $200. grams-slides, rea:iings, retur,:,ed (k) Some of cur older classes have work- missionaries, missionary storIes, ers at Fred Victor, Euclid Ave., Duffcrin St., and various city mis- travel talks, etc. sions and settlements. (b) Missionary Library. We hail a oook (1) We have made the Missionary Pro- gram the vital part of our school shower to start this and each class by considering it a big job and donated at least one missionary picking key men and women to plan book. Tp encourage their use, we and carry out a continuous, strong, have short stories told from some interesting program and campaign. of them, and then ,how names of (m) Our pUblicity man keeps our church public well informed on all mat- booko on slides or blackboard. We ters of missionary interest. add new books and keep the library up to date. We encourage the HOW MONEY TALKS teacber<l t.o use the missionary books with their classes. It may say: (c) We have our missionaries' pictures "Hold me and I will dry up the foun- in large size in our schoolroom and teach children who they are and tains of sympathy and benevolence in your what work they are doing. We are soul, and leave you barren and destitute. also adding pictures of young peo- ple who have gone out from our , 'Grasp me tightly, and I will change your eyes that they will care to look upon own chureh. nothing that does not contain my image, (d) We have given several parties, motor and so transform your ears that my soft metallic riug will sound louder to them than rides, etc" to missionaries home on the cries of widows and orphans, and the furlough. 'This l1as been a great iVail of perishing multitudes. help to our people and given the missionaries a pleasant outing at "Keep me, dutch me, and I will destroy the saTIle time. After meeting your sympathy for the race, your respect for these people they ",em real to us, the right, and your love and reverence for instead of shadows, and we follow God. them with great interest on their Or it may say: return to the field. Particulars of our plans for these fe~tivities will "Spend me for self-indulgence and I will be gladly furnished, if desired. make your soul fat and indifferent to all ( e) Letters go regularly from our classes except your own pleasure. I will become to our !'.fr. and Mrs. Bell, and when your master and you will think that I only the answers come back they are of am of importance and powerful." Or, it may say: great interest to all. (f) A missionary Christmas box was sent "Give me away for the benefit of others, and I will return in streams of spiritual out to Mr. and Mrs. Bell-each revenue to your soul. I will bless the one class adding a gift with a letter. that receives, and the one that gives me. This was a great joy to our chil- "I will supply food for the hungry, rai- dren and young people. ment for the naked, medicine for the sick, (g) We receive missionary contributions and Bend the Gospel to the benighted,- on the first Sunday each month. "At the same time, I will secure joy and Each class is set an objective to peace for the soul that uses me for these." work for by the Committee. We Job's Testirrwny- create interest in the growth of the funds by showing on a great ther- "If I have made gold my hope, and have mometer, large clock, or on slides, said to the fine gold, thou are my confi- percentage raised by each class. dence; if I have rejoiced because my wealth Our money growth has been from was great, and because my hand had gotten $200 to $1,800 in about eight years. much …. this also were an iniquity. Job We do not make money first in our 31: 24, 25, 28." eampaign, and, so this growth rep- resents real missionary zeal. We

Woman's Home and Foreign

COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOMJ<J MIRSIONS AND FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS AMERI(lA AND CATHAY study books have laid particular By EVA CLARK WAID stress on the great 'underlying traits of life that link all men. The tales of A poet of an earlier generation pre- Chinese stability of character, their sented his ultimate contrast of civili- respect for traditions and their confizations in the oft-quoted line, "Better dence in national destiny-:-how fafifty years of Europe than a cycle of miliar they sound to an American Cathay." But we today, in our fresh ~rom 'rhanksgiving sermon or round of mission study for this cur- Fourth of July oration! rent year, link both of these civilizations under one general thought: The love of home, the building of Finding the Way of Christ in Race the child into the family fabric, the Relatl:(lns. And, what is more, the grief of separation from old associalonger we study Europe, America or tions, the shrine for future meetings Cathay, the more we realize the like- of ~pirits- -all of these, depicted in nesses ratlier than the differences in Chinese life, are matched in the varied the essential human traits found in races which make up our polyglot their inhabitants. Therefore we feel America. more sure that the Way of Christ in Race Relations is not so deeply con- The stirring restlessness of China's cerned with eolor, caste and climate student generations, the high resolves, as it is with character, conditions and the unguided or misguided demoncircumstances, not so troubled about stration of exaggerated ideas, the imthe varietie:; of citizenship on earth as patience with old trammels or traabout the universal citizenship in ditions-are they not repeated in heaven. every college of America 1 Is there not a human solidarity of anxiety Dr. Speer's book, Of One Blood, about the youth of today in the hearts and Miss Giles' book, Adventures in of parents, of all races?

Brotherhood, enunciate for Christians China's cities begin to hum with in America exactly those basic prin- the machines of modern industry and, ciples which must llnderly the study reproduced in Oriental guise, every of the books on China, Ming Kwong, peril and injustice of America's in- China's Real Revolution, and China's dustrial system appears to ravage tbe Challenge to Christianity. ~trength of the workers and diminish What are some of these principles the usefulness of China's next gen- that link this year's study books on eration. Do not public, minded citi- home and, foreign missions1 zens find ample cause for dismay and 1. Hurnan solidarity is greater than need for constant vigilance both in racial diversity. Such a principle China and America 1 should not need long argument and Shelter and sustenance, joy and proof to a Christian conversant with sorrow, hope and fear, aspiration and the story of the Scriptures and the failure-are they not elemental in all growth of God's plan for His King- races, whether in America or Cathay1 dom. But in this day of destructive Is not this a basic principle for all literature, of wholesale preaching of of us as Christians to believe and act conflict and division and distrust be- upon-" and hath made of one blood tween races, it Seems very fitting that all nations of men" 1 all' of the authors of our missionary 2~ Diversity of race; with, this un- . 134 derlying soUdarity, provides a great firmities of the weak" T Do we be- instrument for giving a larger, fuller lieve that the glory and honor of all interpretcdion of the Gospel of Christ. the nations shall be there? Most of America is blest in having a great all, do we believe Christ when He interracial heritage in religion, en- said, "I am come that they might riched from great s~JUrces and given have life and might have it more great freedom of expansion in a new abundantly" T free country. The study of our reli- If so, the test of our Christianity, gious obligations to devoted groups of here in America as well as in China, Christians from far-scattered coun- is our ability to reduce our beliefs to tries of the world brings instinctively such practical every-day Christian to one's lips the old acknowledgment terms that there can be no misunder- uttered by Paul, "Brethren, we are standing of our attitude toward race debtors. " questions. Justice, trusteeship, unity, But great as is our religious herit- ~ervice, love-all these are the clear age and precious as is the manifesta- ideals of the Gospel. .

tion of the Gospel here in America, If this year's study can bring to Chinl1 itself is one of the greatest the mind of the Church a clearer real- proofs of the possibility of the Gos- ization of what these ideals involve.

pel's enlargement. The growth of in practical acts and public opinions, leadership, the assumption of respon- we shall come a long distance on sibility, the formation of home mis- The Way of Christ in Race Rela- sion enterprises within the Chinese tions.

domain, the pronouncements of the FEDERATED STUDENT Shanghai Conference-all of these COMMITTEE point to a new development in God'8 kingdom, a different racial expression By MURTEL DAY, Secretary of the great universal gospel truths. The Federated Student Committee Perhaps we have been slow in learnc is continuing its cooperative efforts ing this lesson, undoubtedly suggested in thinking and planning in student in the wondrous Day of Pentecost. work. This Committee is composed As one has said, "God did not seem of representatives of the Federation to be afraid to entrust this new gos- of Woman's Boards of Foreign Mis- pel to varied races and tongues for sions, Council of Women for Home their individual interpretation. " How Missions, Young Women's Christian great those individual interpretations Association, Student Volunteer Move- are is evidenced from the matching of ment, Student Fellowship for Chris- great Christian experiences all 'round tian Life-Service and Council of the globe. Are we great enough Church Boards or Education. Mrs.

Christians to believe in a gospel larger D. J. Fleming, the chairman and ever than our own interpretation of it? the guiding spirit of the Committee, 3. Our attit1tde toward race ques- was welcomed at the September meet- tions is one of the great tesis of 01tr ing after an absence of over a year.

real faith and ottr full acceptance of The Committee has again made the Gospel af Christ. Do we believe plans to have a group of secre.taries that the Chinese has the same in- representing different denominations alienable right to the fulness of the visit certain colleges. Six colleges in Gospel f Do we believe. that color is the Northwest were in the first itiner- not regarded in the clear white light ary; Whitman College, Washington of God's truth 1 Do we believe that State College, University of Idaho, the "lowest may reach toward the Uni~"ersity of Washington, Oregon highest" 1 Do we believe in a "who- AgrIcultural College, University of soever gospel," in practice as well as Oregon. In January, a group of men in theoryf Do we believe that "we and women visited Ohio State Uni- that are strong ought bear the iri- versity when Mr. Allyn K. Foster

gave a series of addresses. It was activities for the truest Christian also planned that a team should visit education of students. To this end, the following colleges in the South: it was planned that at the January Winthrop College, Trinity College, meeting of the Committee, major North Carolina College for Women, emphasis be placed on the discussion Virginia State Normal. of this question. Students represent- The purpose of such a visit as out- ing the National Student Council of lined by the Committee last year is: the Y. W. C. A. and the various de- a. To present to the students on the campus nominations were invited to be pres- the work of the Church at home and ent and share their convictions.

abroad. The Committee continues to further b. To provide for each church secretary an the interests of the following two co- opportunity to do her own particular operative enterprises in mission fields; work through the local church.

c. To unite the students, faculty, student the Union Christian Colleges in the pastors, and Assoeiation in a study of campus problems in the light of the Orient and Work among Farm and experience which those who have come Cannery Migrants.

in touch with otber campuses can give.

d. To stimulate the girl who is not a part STUDENTS ~ND FOREIGN MIS- of any denominational program to an SIONS interest in tbe Church '8 task.

The Student Conferences of the By TWII.A LYTTON Association have also given large opportunity for cooperative efforts be- One of the easiest and most pleastween the Association and the urable things in the world is to genchurches. The range of thought on eralize on the subject of students and the part of students may be seen in their thoughts. It is easy because the following topics used as discus- one can always rest assured that whatsion themes in t.hese conferences: ever his thesis or coneh1sion may be Christian internationalism as related there will always be some among the to "Peace on the Pacific"; the Japa- vast crowd who will be thinking in nese question; war and peace; rural terms of his pet theory of the student community citizenship; the place of mind. It is pleasurable because stuthe Church in the life of students; dents are the hope of any group of racial relationships; industry; poli- people who are laboring in a cause tics and religion; men and women. whose end is not yet and who JIeed in- telligent and trained young people to The relat.ionship of Church repre- carryon. Consequently one enjoys sentatives to these conferences is be· ascribing to the younger generation ing considered especially by the those thoughts which to the older Executive Committee of the National ones in the midst of their labors would Student Council of the Association. seem to guarantee the active partici- It was expressed by the representa- pation of the young in that particular tives at the Estes Park Student Con- cause a little later on. But in this ference as: case as in many others, that which is easy and pleasurable is not neces- 1. To discover latent leadership in the sarily intelligent or constructive. Church. Consequently, in this brief discussion of "students and foreign missions" 2. To use this opportunity to interpret the Church to students.

3. T'o use this opportunity to interpret the attempt will be made not to as- student thinking to the Church. cribe to students those interests and While the Committee has been motives which one would like them to working along these practical lines, have, but simply to give a few of the it has also been giving large consider- major emphases which in their oWlJ ation to the question of the relation- searching for their proper relation- ship of the various religious agencies ship to the foreign mission enterprise on the campus and the correlation of they themselves are making. It may

WOMAN '8 HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETINS

be added that every -point of view and collateral material was employed presented in this article is .one which in carrying on these gronp consideramight be given in quotatIOn marks tions. indicating a student's expression. For the sake of brevity, the writer is con- Encouraging as this array of interdensing some considerations concern- ests is there are at least two other ing the foreign mission enterprise important factors in the missionary which have been expressed to her by leading Christian students through- education of students which ought to out the country. be emphasized: the one, the great Indianapolis Volunteer Convention; In the first place, it needs to be said that in these days of "Youth the other, a more constant factor in Movements, ' , so-called, and at least the life of present-day students-an of increasing self-determination on increasing number of students from the part of students, there is very other countries. The former has much less of the handing down of any probably been sufficiently discussed program. for instance of "missionary to have everyone conscious of its education, " from a headquarters somewhere than there was, say, ten major emphases. years ago. It is an increasingly difficult thing to assemble statistics of In the case of the students from those "engaged in mission study as abroad in our American colleges, it such" on any campus. On the other .hand, there are a great many groups is impossible to overestimate the sigof students who are assembled in discussion and study groups considering nificance of this-one of the great, international, inter-racial, economic and social problems and seeking solu- historic migrations of those who tions for them according to the Chris- travel up and down that know~edge tian " Way of Life." I,ast year, for may increase. The new .Intern~tIO~al example, students reported the fol- House in New York CIty, WIth Its lowing as some of their methods of focussing attention upon subjects re- family group of 635 from 67 nations, lating to foreign missions—discussion groups in 126 colleges, study groups epitomizes the possibilities of the in 102 colleges, curriculum mission classes in 58 colleges, forum meetings mingling of the streams of student in 24 colleges, stereopticon lectures in 115 colleges, plays and pageants in life from all nations. There are more 95 colleges. The following were some of the general subjects under consid- than a hundred American students eration in their groups: "Women's Work in the Foreign Field," "Social living in this House whose legend Problems Abroad," "Social Problems at Home," "Comparative Religions, " (>arved above the main entrance is " World Problems and Christianity," "Missionary Biography," "Racial "That Brotherhood May Prevail." and Inter-racial Problems," studies of China, India, Japan, Korea, Near AunmtoeneOr~" them are many Student Vol- East and Latin America, from vari- who are experiencing the most ous standpoints, "Medical Missions," "Missionary Principles and Prob- excellent kind of miSSIOnary educalems," "Immigration" and" Denom- tion and preparation. There is no inational Missions. " Of course a very doubt but that many of the charactergreat variety of mlission study books istic major emphases in minds of stu- dents throughout the United States in reference to foreign missions are the result of their contacts with these friends from abroad. One Student Volunteer living at International House looks forward, as do many others, to a missionary career d~voted to the adventure of fello,wshlp, to outliving any tendency to patronize those among whom he will live and to concentrating not so much on giving the message of Christianity as on shar1'ng it-toward the end of devel- oping mutual respect.

What are some of the other grow- ing ideas which will be the tools of

the oncoming generation of mission- missionary, the latter's aim cannot be aries? fulfilled. Conseqnently, the student In the first place, there is certainly interested in foreign missions seeks a growing tendency not to think of for a greater burden of responsibility the Kingdom of God in terms of the to be laid upon all Christian students geography "at home and abroad," intelligently to promote and support or, to state it positively, as one stu- the missionary c'LLerprise and to con- dent said: "To recognize that Amer- sider their vocation in or out of the ica is a part of the non-Christian organization of the Church as a world." Evidently with some back- means of furthering Christian world ground of experience, a student brotherhood.

prophesi ed that" our Oriental friends It is also interesting to note that will help us Ree more clearly the beam the Student Council of the StUdent in our own eye and help us solve Volunteer Movement is now requiring some of our own problems." Such of all students desirous of enrolling attitudes are hope-creating, far-reach- with the Movement a preliminary ing, and involve spiritual adventure medical examination, whose purpose in fulfilling them. They promise well is to show the student what will need for the future missionary's approach to be done to overcome a physical de- to the aspirations and difficulties of fect and in case of a weakness in- the indigenous church and for his capable of being overcome, to guard exertion ~s a Christian ambassador the student from the disappointment in behalf of an America which shall of finally being rejected by a board see a way better than that of proud after years of preparation. Such a isolation and exclu::;ion. step is indicative of what seems to be Not all, but a good many students an increasingly thoughtful consider- interested in the Kingdom: of God are ation on the part of students who are burdened with a new sense of respon- contemplating service abroad.

sibility in facing the facts of the de- And finally. what of those spiritual pleted incomes of some of the mission values which are the rais'on d'etre of boards and the lack of financial and foreign missions Y Are students con- spiritual responsibility on the part of serving the gifts of the past, are they the Church as a whole for the foreign seeking new values, and are they mission enterprise. learning how it is that in their weak- Many students feel that the spirit ness lies their strength Y Let me of devotion which has characterized quote from one student who speaks the foreign mission enterprise should for a great body of students in a be emphasized by the Church in rela- middle western state. "We felt that tion to all vocations. In this connec- last year at Indianapolis we heard tion Student Volunteers say that they enough of prohlems of the world and do not wish to be put on a pedestal of what we ought to do. As we saw because of their decision for service these needs before us and talked of abroad. They ask that the Church them-all at once we seemed to se", should emphasize the relations of the how utterly helpless we were, how missionary and his task to the busi- really much in need we were of God ness man, the diplomat and the news- and Christ in our lives." I wish I paper correspondent in foreign lands might tell you of the experiences of a who are building' either for or against little group of twenty students, many the Kingdom of God. The student of them, Student Volunteers who contention is that until these m,en and spent two beautiful weeks together in women who represent business and the .country up in New York State.

diplomatic interests abroad, and until Reekmg t? know of Jesus, and His Christian men and women at home, Way of LIfe for them. Some of them go forth and serve in the same spirit whon; I h~ve met. have the peace of and with the same devotion as the God m theIr eyes and show His spirit

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETINS

in their daily contacts in difficult service rendered, including the daily situations. It is significant to know program. Nine illustrations; 5 cents. that throughout the country many similar Retreats are being planned. Little Gypsies of the Fruit. Re- print of article by .Arthur Gleason .And so it would seem that the from Hearst's International, Februleaven is working as of old. One ary, 1924. Migrant conditions in candidate secretary said the other California most interestingly depictday, "I have twenty girls finely pre- ed. Information added in regard to pared, ready to go to far countries- the interdenominational committee and no money to send even one of and service. Map and five illustrathem. " It is surely not within the tions; 5 cents. purpose of God that students who have rarelv, if ever, before considered Sadly Handicapped. Reprint of with greater earnestness their possi- ~hree articles from Review j (1) outbilities as interpreters of Jesus line of various types of migrant workthroughout the world should be kept ers, (2) history of service to Farm from fulfilling their hopes. There- and Cannery Migrants, and (3) genfore, encouraged by their acts of faith eral information. Eleven illustraand devotion, it is perhaps the su- tions; 10 cents. preme task of us all so to awaken the Christian Church that, as one leader A College Girl's Summer Diaryj said, it may fully use the "army of Number Three. Extracts from actual young' people who, each year, are diaries of college undergraduates who ~limbing 'Mount Inspiration' and served at the stations. Entertaining coming down into the valley eager to as well as descriptive. Fifteen illusbuild the Kingdom." trations; 10 cents.

AIDS TO OBSERVANCE "Share" leaflet. Two-page flier. Synopsis of project. One illustration; Day of Prayer for Missions free in small quantities.

The objects suggested for freewill —w:ille to Counci1 of Women for Home Misofferings at observances of the Day of sions, 156 Fifth Ave., New York, for all of Prayer for Missions are Work among above. Farm and Cannery Migrants, Christian Literature for Women and Chil- Christian Literature dren in Mission Fields and Women's Union Christian Colleges of the Objeatives of the Committee. De- Orient. scribes (1) Foh Yu Pao-Happy Childhood, magazine for children in These lines of service and the work China, (2) Women's Messenger, magof the committees have been described azine for women in China, (3) Ai No in more than one previous issue o.f Hikari, little newspaper sheet for the the Bulletin and we trust are well coolie and fisherwomen of Japan, (4) known to all our readers. In order The Treasure Chest, magazine for that those preparing for the Day of boys and girls of high school age in Prayer for Missions may know what In4ia, and the vernacular. editions ~n leaflets have been recently published Urdu, Tamil and Marathl. Free III or will be most helpful, the following small quantities. lists are given: Women's Union Christian Colleges of Farm and Cannery Migrants the Orient America in the Making. Reprint from The Playground, December, Latest information about each of 1923, of article by a student at Mt. the seven colleges. Free in small Holyoke College W}lO served at one. of quantities. the stations. Brightly presented Information as to conditions, needs and. New.~ Bulletins. Four previous is- sues, all of which give information in regard to each of the colleges. Illus- trated; free in small quantities.

Write to Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign MiSSions, 25 Madison Ave., New York, . for above.

FROM MANY

NORTH AMERICA "That Brothel'hood May Prevail"

Daily Vacation Bible Schools THESE words, carved above the door, express the spirit of "Inter- AT the annual meeting of the In- national House," the fine new build- ternational Association of Daily ing on Riverside Drive, New York Vacation Bible Schools held in New City, which a $2,500,000 gift from York, it was reported that the prin- John D. Rockefeller, Jr., has provided cipal new work initiated by the asso- as the headquarters of the Intercolciation last vear was among the 600,- legiate Cosmopolitan Club. This or- 000 Mexican"s in Texas. The European ganization is an outgrowth of the field was entered with the establish- work begun some fifteen years ago by ment of a school in Bulgaria. Impor- Harry E. Edmunds, then a student tant centers of the work in the United secretary of the Y. M. C. A. It in- States are in thc coal-mining camps cludes more than 800 students from of West Virginia and Colorado, and 70 foreign countries attending 52 colthe frontier schools of Arkansas, leges and professional schools in which now' number about a hundred. Greater New York. By continents, Asia leads the number with Chinese Although the final figures are not predominating in the group. There available it is estimated that the past are 280 students from iulia, 2·51 from season has seen 10,000 schools in oper- Nortll Amcrica, 233 from Europe, 32 ation all over the world, with a mil- from South America, 14 from the lion children enrolled. The Associa- South Pacific, and 11 from Africa. tion has established relationships with Women constitute more than 40 per the International Council of Religious cent of the total club membership Education in North America, and and come from Japan, China, Russia, with the World's Sunday School iul- Finland, Norway, and France, as well sociation in other countries, thereby as from this country. The admixture enlarging its scope of action. Its of 25 per cent of Americans is made policy of working through local agen- up of the finest types to be found in cies, such as the church federations in order that by contact and example large cities, whenever possible, has proven highly ~mccessful.

American youth may serve and be Lutheran Missionary Expansion served in the common meeting-place THE United Lutheran Church, in of students of all races. its recent convention, voted to pur- chase from the Berlin Missionary So- Law Enforcement Conference ciety its entire work in the province of Shantung, China. The purchase T HE New York Women's Commitprice is said to be $185,000, to be paid tee for Law Enforcement will hold in ten annual instalments. This is a large conference in Albany at the one of the many readjustments made Ten Eyck Hotel on the 16th and 17th necessary on mission fields by the of February, to focus the attention war. The Lutherans also voted to upon law enforcement and a law enbuild a college in Delegu, India, to forcement code for New York State. cost $300,000. There are 106,000 On Monday, there will be round table Lutherans in India at the present discussions led by the heads of the time. cooperating organizations-Mother&, 140 Congress and Parent-Teacher Associa- relations with Japan and all Asiatics. tion, State League of Women Voters, Reference was made to the work which Daughters of Rebecca, Eastern Star, had been done during the past quad- Worn an's Christian Temperance rennium in inculcating respect for Union, State Federation of Women's law, particularly the Eighteenth Clubs, ~~erican Legion Auxiliary, Amendment, and in creating public Lend a Hand Society, You n g opinion against the twelve-hour day Women's Christian Association, Fed- in industry. 'fhe subsequent action eration of Woman's Boards of For- taken by the U. S. Steel Corporation eign Missions, Council of Women for was cited as a proof of the effective- Home Missions, Jewish Council of ness of this work. Women, Kings Daughters, and State Federation of Colored Women. The Econonlic Side of Crime The officers of the Committee are: I T seems incredible that the actual Mrs. Samuel J. Bens, Chairman; cost of crime in the United States Mrs. Roswell Miller, Honorary Chair- is from twelve to fifteen per cent of man; Mrs. Cleveland H. Dodge, Mrs. the total income of the country. Our John Grier Hibben, Mrs. John D. army of criminals costs us many times Rockefeller, Jr., Honorary Vice- more than our military budget. The Chairmen j Mrs. Gordon Norrie, 1st Literary Digest puts in this way the Vice-Chairman j Mrs. John Henry gravity of the burden imposed by the Hammond, 2d Vice-Chairman j Miss criminal class: "Crime piles up such Mary Garrett Hay, 3d Vice-Chair- a staggering loss to the country every man; Mrs. Halsey W. Wilson, 4th year that it costs more than our Army Vice-Chairman j Mrs. James M. and Navy, more than our police sys- Pratt, Recording Secretary, and Miss tems, more, in fact, than any other Louise Edgar, Treasurer. Further in- item in our national ledger. Most formation may be had by addressing people think of crime cost as a slight the New York Women's' Committee burden on the state and national revfor Law Enforcement, 129 East 52d enues. But it is a drain on every St., New York City. man's purse, as certain as the income tax. The total annual levy which Federal Council Meeting crime places on the country is prob- ably not less than $10,000,000,000, AT the filth quadrennial meeting writes Edward H. Smith in Business, of the Federal Council of the a magazine published in Detroit. ,This Churches of Christ in America, held sum is about three times the amount in Atlanta, Ga., the first week in De- of the national budget for 1923, two cember, an impressive program call- and one half times the total ordinary ing for a war-free world was adopted. receipts of the nation for the same This included American membership period, and twelve times the annual in the Permanent Court of Interna- cost of the Army and Navy. A sixth tional Justice j Congressional action or seventh of our total earnings is demanding the complete outlawry of wasted on crime." war j effective cooperation by the United States Government in uni- Fifty Year. of the W. C. T. u. versal and drastic reduction of all armaments and preparation for war j MEMBERS of the Woman's Chrismutual agreement by the United tian Temperance Union from all States with all nations to abjure re- over the United States celebrated in sort to force and to utilize instead Chicago November 14th to 19th the only the methods of peace in the set- fiitieth birthday of the organization. tlement of every threatening interna- With a membership of 500,000-an tional dispute j the discovery and increase of 200,000 in the last five prompt adoption of the necessary years–and the completion of a jubisteps for the re-establishment of right lee fund of $1,000,000, the members

of the W. U. T. U., while rejoicing in Ministerial Relief ……….. . 1,231,200 the progress of the past half-century Am. Bible SO<Jiety ……….. . 92,340 naturally felt that even a greater fu- Fedeml Council ………. . ture awaits their body. The emphasis 24,624 of the golden jubilee was therefore. placed, not so much upon the victories $12,312,000 of the past, as the tasks of the future. W.oman;s Nati~mal ……….. 1,344,000 While keeping at the head of the list Woman 8 Foreign ………… 1,344,000 the winning of a "dry" world, the W. C. T. U. plans also to bear a large Total ………. : ………. $15,000,000 part in the work of the Church again&t war, to support the Child Adventists' Missionary Jubilee Labor Amendment, to teach Christian citizenship and to engage in various SEVENTH- DAY ADVENTISTS social reforms. The national board of the United States are celebratof the Union voted, following the ad- ing the fiftieth anniversary of the journment of the convention, to de- founding of the missionary work of vote funds· next year to help the their denomination. In the last temperance movement in Mexico, twenty-three years they have sent out Lithuania and Esthonia, as well as in 2,29'2 missionaries, of whom 1 335 China, Argentina, Chile and Brazil, sailed for foreign fields during' the where help has been given in the past. last decade. Work is now being done To encourage the teaching of temper- in 194 languages. ance in Germany, Austria and India, provision was also made for the sub- Rural Religions Cont'erence sidy of teachers in those countries. AT the seventh annual conference Presbyterian National Action of the American Country Life Association, held in Columbus, Ohio, THE National Conference of the November 7th to 11th, the discussion Presby'.el'ian Church (North) held centered around the theme of Reliin Chicago the second week in Decem- gion in Country Life. The attendance ber brought together eleven hundred at many sessions was over three hunmen and women, who not only dred. While rural pastors, rural learned much about the fields, meth- church secretaries and professors in ods and needs of the various church theological seminaries were probably boards, but also felt the inspiration the three largest groups, there were a of being a part of the great organiza- score of deans, profe&~ors and extention of Presbyterianism and commit- sion workcrs from agricultural colted to service through it to the world- leges, an equal number of social wide cause of Christianity. While workers, and even more Y. M. C. A. this conference was going on, the or Y. W. C. A. secretaries. General Council also held a two-day session, during which a number of Running through the whole conferimportant conclusions were reached. ence, coming up from every group, A "sacrificial loyalty week" in behalf was the demand upon the denominaof the budget and benevolences was tions that they cease competition. fixed for l!~eb. Lj-22, 1925. March Pastors declared that overchurching 15th was designated as every member was the death of religion. Laymen canvass Sunday. The budget of the pointed out how it made a modern boards was continued exactly as last church program impossible in hunyear, both in amounts and per- dreds of communities. A dozen or centages: more church administrators, who were present, opened a strong series National Missions ………… $5,171,040 of resolutions by declaring coopera- Foreign Missions …………. 3,939,840 tion t~ be the only way out. Repre- Christian Education ………. 1,842,956 sentatIves from all parts of the coun- t~y, from all types of rural occupa- tIons and from all denominations, joined in similar expressions.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Y. M. C. A. Reorganization buildings at various centers; a spe- THE National Council of the Young cial building at Disciples Community Men's Christian Associations of house, New York City, and Yakima North America was formally organ- Indian mission, White Swan, Wash.; ized December 3-6, 1924, at Buffalo, six benevolent homes for children and New York, in accordance with provi- the aged; and in addition, $402,200 sions of the constitution formulated was appropriated for building enterat Cleveland in October, 1923. This prises in Africa, China, India, J acouncil, which will solidify and unite maica, Japan, Mexico, Philippine the work of the Y. M. C. A., and Islands, Porto Rico, South America, bring local associations into direet and 'l'ibet.

and official relationships to state and Pima Indians and Progress national association work, is com,- posed of elected members from dis- AMASS meeting of the Indians of triets representing 4,000 active mem- the Pima Indian Reservation in bers, each district choosing three Arizona adopted resolutions repudimembers of the council for a three- ating the tribal custOlll;'l in favor of year term. At least two of the council modern progre~'S. They also endorsed members must be laymen. As organ- the act giving citizenship to Amerized, it has 34fl members. All asso- ican Indians and the law authorizing ciation legislative functions of the the construction of the San Carlos former International Convention, ex- Dam, both of which passed the last cept a few matters that have to do session of Congress. The following with relationships between Canada telegram regarding the meeting was and the United States, are taken over addressed to President Coolidge, Secby the Council. The International retary of the Interior Work, and Conventiou will continue to meet, but Commissioner Burke of the Bureau of . largely for information and inspira- Indian Affairs: tion. Also, all work, both home and "Whereas, the United States Government foreign, formerly directed by the International Committee and Conven- has restored our water rights by the passage tion are taken over by the Council. A general board of thirty-seven mem- of Senate bill 966, and whereas every Indian, bers of the council will form an ad interim body and will meet quarterly, born within the United Stateo has been its actR being reviewed by the general council at its annual meetings. The made a citizen, general board represents geographically the Y. :tVI. C. A. constituency. "Therefore be it resolved otfhaoturwet~iPbeimtoa John R. Mott, for many years general Indians, urge every member secretary of the Intern,ational Committee, was elected general secretary clear and fence his allotment as soorr as of the Council. F. W. Ramsay, Cleveland, was elected president.-The possible 80 that Our land may be ready for Continent. the watel' whpn it comes and further urge Disciples' Jubilee Funds that our homes be made models for cleanli· ness and morality. We believe that our tribe shonld set an example for the whole state in obeying the laws of God and man.

And be it resolved that we believe it to be the best for the welfare &nd progress of 'our tribe that all heathen dancing and lhiuking be abolished from our reservation.

And be it resolved that we urge our medical authorities to wage a relentless war on trachoma and other eye diseases which have caused untolil suffering among OUr people."

THE United Christian Missionary LATIN AMERICA Society of the Disciples of Christ Missionaries and Mexican Law T has already allocated $800,000 of the HE question has been raised whether, since the Mexican constimillion dollar golden jubilee fund recently completed. Building enter- tution of 1917 limited ministerial prises in the United States will be functions to Mexicans, American mis- carried out with $397,800 to include sionaries at work in that country four school buildings; five church might not be considered lawbreakers.

Rev. George B. Winton, of the M.. E. Rector of 'fhe Seminary, and the Church, South, explains the situation Rev. Dr. Waddell of Mackenzie Colclearly. He says: lege took part.

"It is difficult to get Me"icans of It is a matter for thanksgiving to character and social standing to enter God that, after five years of labor, the the priesthond of the Roman Catholic United Seminary has .produced ten Church. In recent decades, France well-equipped men for the ministry, and Italy, and perhaps other Euro- men who are smmd in the faith, true pean governments, have taken rather to the fundamentals, and full of evandrastic action against the monastic gelical fervor. The United Seminary orders, resulting in the exile of a great has passed the experimental stage and many monks. These European friars has gained the confidenL~ of the had been coming in great numbers to churches. MeDco, and getting into many lucrative positions as chaplains, curates, The fruit of the Seminary is a etc. A priest's income is from fees, splendid answer to the charge that the Evangelical churches are not united. for masses, funerals, marriages, christenings, etc. 'fo perform the functions EUROPE that bring in these fees is to ejercer el ministerio the duties which the con- C. M. S. Finance. stitution says only Me"icans may perform. In the Protestant missions it ASTATEln~NT issued by the is rare that a missionary is a pastor. Church Missionary Society, an- He is supervisor, manager, teacher, nounces that it seems highly probable treasurer, presiding elder, etc. Even that its estimated expenditure of £500,000 for the year ending March as pastor, his income would not be de- 31st next will be exceeded by £20,000, rived from fixed charges for the largely as a result of adverse Indian different acts of his ministry. Simply and Chinese exchange. The income to preach, without exacting a fee for of the Society for the present year is the sermou, would hardly be thought rather below that received during the of as a part of 'the ministry,' taking corresponding period of 1923-24. The the word in the accepted Spanish Committee have resolved to sanction sense. Our position, therefore, is that an estimate at the rate of £500,000 per so long as the pastoral functions are annum for only the first three months of the next year, believing that God left to our MeDcan colaborers, the will guide them for the remainder of missionaries taking a merely general that year by the response which His relationship to the indigenous church, people make during the ensuing weeks we are not violating the law." of this year.

The United Seminary in Brazil Jews and Christians Confer SUr-,lDAY, the 30th November, was AREMARKABIJE and significant a great day in the annals of the proposal was made recently by Evangelical Churches in Brazil. The the Liberal Jewish Synagogue in Lonauditorium of the First Presbyterian don. It was nothing less than that a Church of Rio de Janeiro was full to conference of Christians and Jews be overflowing with an enthusiastic con- held in the Synagogue. An approach gregation of over 1,600 people who was made to various Christian organihad met to show their appreciation o:li zations, with the result that the conthe work of the United Seminary and ference was fixed to take place on of the ten men who have just been November 27th to discuss such subgraduated. Of the twenty ministers jects as "'fhe Education of the on the platform three were ex-priests, Young," "Belief in God," "The Retwo of whom are on the teaching staff. sponsibility of Organized Religion," The Rev. ~Ilvaro Reis, President of etc. '1'he fact that members of the the Faculty, the Rev. Paulo Buyers, Synagogue are conscious that the

1925J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Jewish community finds itself in a creedal and administrative principles certain isolation was the immediate of the Eastern Church, while the motive for the corrIerence; they de- other party inclined to modern Protsire to be in closer touch with Chris- estant views of creeds and clergy. tian people. Such names as Dr. Last July the issue was brought to a Herbert Gray of Crouch Hill, Mr. G. vote, and of about a hundred congre- K. Hibbert of the Society of Friends, gations, ninety voted for the modern Mr. C. C. Montenore and the Hon. wing, seven for the Orthodox, and the Lily Montagu of the Liberal Jewish rest did not vote. As a result, the ma- Synagogue, Principal Workman of jority has been cut oil' by the Serbian the Wesleyan College, Westminster, Orthodox Church, and the minority figure among the speakers, with Rabbi has formed a Czecho-Slovak Orthodox Mattuck, minister of the Synagogue, church under Serbian jurisdiction.

as chairman. rfhc oceasion is believed Russian Village Teaching to be unique, but that Jews should at RECEN'f reports in the Russian all desire to discuss with Christians daily press indicate that the work the subject of responsibility from a of carrying anti-religious teaching religious point of view is indicative of down to the villages has been given a the upbreak of the age-long isolation new impUlse. In one rural district in of Jewry.-Reconl of the U. F. C. the Ukraine. a school was conducted of s. for fifteen days with four sessions, French C1,ergy and Militarism each an honr long every day. The MONSIGNORJOSEPH F. SMITH, school was divided into two main de- Vicar-General of the Catholic partments. In the department of diocese oj' Cleveland, Ohio, who is de- natural sciences instruction was given scribed as "one of the best beloved in six subjccts: the universe, the earth and honored priests in this great and its life, the biology of plants, the diocese," has recently returned from biology of animals, man, nature and a ten-weeks' trip to Europe. He is! society. In the department dealing quoted as saying in reply to a ques- with questions of religion there were tion regarding the neglect of religion nine sub.iects: the origins of belief in in France: "The reason, so far as I God; the religions of the ancient east, can see it, is that the Catholic Church with their ideas of suffering, dying, in France is identified with the polit- and resuscitating gods; the Bible and ical movement for the monarchy the gospel; Judaism and Christian- which is supported by the royalists ity; the origin of religious holidays; who still have the wealth. The real religion and science; sectarianism; militarists are the clergy of France religion, morality and communism; looking for restoration of the mon- methods of anti-religious propaganda.

archy through war and hoping for the renewal of France's ancient Greeks and the Bible glory. " THE Greek Government has re- moved its ban on the importation Rift in Czecho-Slovak Church and sale of the Modern Greek version THE Neo – Catholic Church in of the Bible. Formerly it was illegal Czecho-Slovakia, independent of to circulate the Word in Greece in the Rome, whose fine purposes were de- present-day language of the people, scribed in the REVIEW in November; and the mea.<;ures fol' the prohibition 1923, has been. having internal trou- were sternly carried out. Although bles of its own to settle. Two parties Greeks retnrning from the United appeared. One sought the moral and States or Great Britain were accus- ecclesiastical support of the Serbian tomed to bring in copies, when they branch of the Orthodox Church, were detected they were arrested and which meant subs.cription to the fined, and the books were seized. The 5

change in the law was due to the Unohepherded Sheep presentation of a Bible to Papanastesious, the Prime Minister, by a THE mission of the Church Missionzealous man who had been in Eng- ary Society in the Ijo district or land and who expressed the hope that Southern Nigeria contains thirty; the Word might play such a part in churches in the care of but two trained Greece as it had had in English his- and seven untrained teachers. When tory. Many cases of Bibles and New the superintending missionary of the Testaments in modern Greek had long district paid his annual visit to some been detained in the customs house at of the Christians they met him with Athens, having been shipped there by a banner bearing the words, "Forget the American Bible Society in the Us Not." Many of the Christians are hope that some day they could be deeply in earnest, and they meet day used. As soon as the ban was re- by day, week after week, often withmoved, there was a tumultuous de- out a teacher, to help each other in mand by crowds of people for the the Christian life. 'fhey have only books. St. Mark's Gospel and a very small portion of the Prayer Book in their AFRICA own language, and few of them, per- haps one or two in a congregation, Egypt's Moslem University can read. A catechist visits them three times a year. and the missionary MANY w):w have heard the name of once a year if he can manage it. EI Azhar University in Cairo may not be familiar with some fea- Many Congo Baptism. tures of its life which are here described: AMERICAN Baptist missionaries in the Congo region have been "It dates from the tenth century, conducting a long-continued evanis strictly Mohammedan and only gelistic campaign. In Sona Bata dur- Arabic is spoken. There are between ing this fourth year of the revival, 7,000 and 7,500 students taught by 1.192 have been baptized, according about 250 professors. 'rhe life is in to Rev. Thomas Moody, who recently many respects simple and inexpensive. returned to the field. Mr. Moody The students sit on matting on the says: "About 1,000 sat around the floor while the teacher sits cross-leg- Lord's table for communion where ged on a wide wooden chair facing thirty-four years ago there was not a his class. The teacher declaims at single professing Christian. What great length, asks no questions and hath God wrought! We have here a uses no blackboard or diagrams of any big field for service – 10,000 square kind. 'l'he study of religion and the miles, 80,000 people, twenty-seven Koran forms a very large part of the churches, 9,000 church members, 200 course. The student brings with him schools and 7,000 boys and girls to his padded quilt, in which he wraps look after." In 1921, the first year himself up at night and lies on the of the revival in this section of the floor. During the day it is rolled up Congo. more than 1,500 were bap- :and laid on a shelf. El Azhar has tized, in 1922 more than 3,000, and in :always been more of a monastery or 1923 more than 1,800. seminary than a university, and the institution still retains that character- African Christian Homes istic, notwithstanding the introduction of such subjects as algebra, MRS. A. H. HOYT writes from astronomy, drawing, natural history East Africa to The A.merican and hygiene. The syllabus, however, Friend: is still deficient in subjects comprising modern science, literature, history, ,'Another of our girls was married philo&ophy or foreign languages." last week, this making the third one within a few· months. She went to Malava Station to live as her hus-

1925J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

band works there. It is so interesting mission totlieir neighboring black to see the Christian families moving brothers. 'l'hey recognize that the out to districts to start Christian vil- blacks have not only souls to save, but lages. Usually it. is the teacher of a homes to keep and a society to be school who has in the past been living made self-supporting. on a higher there and going out to his school and plane. So they supply agricultural back each day. But when the wife instruction and community leadership becomes a thorough Christian, they along wHh evangelism. Hand in- usually move out to the school to live dustries are taught, schools are main- and we will never know the good they tained, better homes are builded and do. Month by month we hear of ad- the leaven of civilization is replacing ditions to the saved ones because of their old customs. The problems of their faithfulness. Sometimes there the color line in the new Africa are is a failure and a new one must be not much different iil the essentials sent out. Last week a woman came from those in the United States.

walking back home, carrying her little sick six-months'-old baby, and her Native Christians Carry Work husband following behind carrying THE loyalty of certain African their blankets – a distance of ten Christian~, converts of German miles. I could see the anxiety on her missions before the vVorld War, has been commented on by F. W. H. Miface. They had moved out to their geod, a traveler quoted in The Chrisschool two w~eks 'before. They first tian Century. "In German days," wanted medicine as the baby had been sick five days. The mother said that he says, "it was the practice for the eaeh day her husband was away his Roman Ulttholics and the Basel Mismother would eome and fuss at her sion to divide out tribal areas. Hence to sacrifice for the child so that it would get well. When her husband in one tribe may be seen only Basel Mission buildings, and in the next was in the house the old mother would only Roman Catholic establishments. not say much because she knew that An exception was made in the large he would absolutely refuse, but she towns, where both worked. With the thought perhaps she could frighten war the German missionaries· disapthe timid wife into submission. So Shidogo said, 'I wanted to come back peared. The Roman Catholic mission, here and stay until the baby gets well that of the Sacred Heart, has somebecause I was afraid of those old peo- time since resumed operations, but ple and their customs.' " the Protestants are still left to them- selves. Nevertheless in many villages services are kept going by a catechist Boers Now Help Natives or teacher, who receives no salary or THE Phelps-Stokes Commission to assistance and who has no one to East Africa, which has often been whom he can appeal for help or guidreferred to in the REVIEW since it was ance in any way. It seemed to me sent out, has recently been quoted as most creditable the way in which having noted in South' Africa a re- teaehing was still carried on ; and the markable change in the attitude of .end of their struggle IS not in sight the Boers toward the natives. In the for no British Protestant mission has old days a church is reported to have yet seen its way to take, over the put a notice on the door with the work. "

legend "Dogs and Hottentots not admitted." Natives were not allowed THE NEAR EAST to walk on the sidewalks and the Dr. Barton'. Belief in ·Turkey R theory that they did not possess soulsEV. JA.l..fES L. BARTON, D.D., secretary of the American Board wa.., held by many. Today the sons of these old "vortreckers" are fur- of Commissioners for Foreign Mis- nishing 'the most modern type of sions, iielieves that the .Turks are

sincerely trying to. maintain an inde- haps the decisive part so far as the pendent gDvernment, with freedDm higher life Df this chaDtie area of the fDr religiDn and for the press. " The wDrld is concerned. To train 50,000 officials of Turkey," he said at the children under the influence of deannual meeting of the Board in voted Christian workers and then to Providence, R. 1., October 22d, "with- send these young people back into. out a period Df preparation, find the towns and cities with that spirit themselves cDnfronted with the intri- of service to. the Near East that was cate problems of gDvernment over a responsible for their salvation, is to people who have never knDwn national do. the greatest thing imaginable in freedom and independence. It will the building of a new Near East. The require time and experience to con- wDrk Df the Near East Relief is, in vince the ruling forces in Turkey the widest sense of the word, a great that there can be in no. cDuntry absD- missionary enterprise, a mighty reenlute natiDnal independence frDm fDr- fDrcement of the noble task begun eign commerce, trade, and enterprise. decades ago by the mission boards and Naturally, the Turks are friendly tD- by agencies like Robert CDllege, the ward the United States. They know University at Beirut and the Conthat we have no. territDrial ambitions stantinople CDllege for Women." for any part of their country, nor are we seeking for spheres of influence. INMission in Datr.alllcus There is an open and friendly ap- the city of Damascus which now proach to the Turkish officials, many has a population of 300,000, esti- {)f whDm show increasing eagerness mated at 25,000 Christians, 15,000 to. maintain cDrdial relations with Jews, and the rest fanatical Moslems, missiDnarieR, teachers and Americans the Christian Reformed Church has a of all classes. Wherever there are fine church building, where every American SChDOls children of these Sabbath services are held in Armeofficials are under American instruc- nian, Arabic and English. One of tion. In SDme features there is un- their workers writes: usual encouragement fDr missionary work in the country. The press is "We havo three schools-one for Jewish remarkably free. The state is not boys, another for Jewish girls and a mixed dDminated by a religious hierarchy. school-·where a fair education is given The leaders widely proclaim religious ;lratis, including Hebrew, Arabic and liberty. The American schoDls are French, and, of course, daily Christian incrowded with pupils. One Df the "truction in the ITo)y Scriptures. We have most potent agencies operating tDday also a reading-room in the Jewish quarter, fDr the regeneration of the cDuntry which is fairly well att"'nded. During Passis the Near East Relief." over and Easter I paid a visit to Palestine lasting seven teen da.ys. While the work in Building a New Near East Damascus is very difficult, the work among the Jews in Palestine is comparatively easy. THE testimony paid to. the WDrk of 1 had wonderful opportunities in present· the Near East Relief by the Rev. ing the Gospel to the Jews in TiiKlrias and Samuel McCrea Cavert Df the Federal had quite an open-air meeting among the Council of Churches after his recent strict Chassidim in Safed. In the Jewish tDur Df inspectiDn has been widely colonies we found the Zionists without prejquoted. He said in part: "Wrapped udice and open to hear our Christian mesup in this wDrk Df relief is sDmething sage." that may well prove to be of greater significance even than the saving Df INDIA physical life. FDr the boys and girls who. . are today our wards in these Outeaste Mass Meeting orphanages are a part of the Near East of thp cDming generation, per- F ROM the lslampur district, India, CDmes an account of a mass meet- ing held in Peth village by the Ma- hars, Mangs and other outcaste com- munities, from villages far and Wide. The local cDmmittees had built a large

1925J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

tabernacle of corrugated iron walls The lowest figures are Kashmir, and and burlap roof, decorated with flags Haidarabad, only three women per and evergreen. In this, seated on the 1,000 being literate in the latter.

ground, were gathered some 400 or 500 outcaste~. On the platform were Diamonds Past and Present a number of educated men who were THE American Baptist Missionary leaders in the meetings. The chair- Society has been carrying on work man was a Mahar, a member of the since 1884 in the important native Bombay Provincial IJegislative Coun- state of Hyderabad, Deccan, in India. cil. A few Brahmans and a large Their largest church now is in the number of Marathas of the middle city of Bezwada, and it has been selfclass were sitting with the Mahars. supporting since 1913, when the pres- It certainly was an omen of the early ent church building was put up. One doing away of the untouchability of of the missionaries writes: "One inthe present depressed classes. Reso- teresting thing about this church is lutions were passed forbidding the that it was erected by the Salvation eating of carrion, asking for compul- Army who have a Criminal Settlesory education for their own commu- ment just across the river. Many of nities, and for privileges such as the criminals were employed in work admission to public wells, courts, rest on the building. The famous Golhouses, etc. '1'he last resolution was conda diamond mines are on our fieill. an appreciation of the work of the The diamonds were mined here and missionaries in education and other then taken to the old capital, Golconuplift work, and a request for them da, near Hyderabad and polished and to continue the same kind of work in sent from there to the North India the future. kings. The Koh-i-Noor in King Census Returns George's crown was found here as well as the Pitt or Regent diamond THE Church Missionary Review for now in the fJouvre at Paris. Many December contains an interesting other famous diamonds were found article on the Indian census returns here. Occasionally diamonds are still for 1921. Instances are given show- found. "]{hat is more valuable is ing the spread of Christianity during that we have a church here, and many the last decade. In one country dis- diamonds in the rough are being trict of 7,000 square miles, containing polished. " 100,000 people, there are now 27,000 Chl'istians where ten years ago there were only 2,000. In this district it is Indian Christian Council T quite the fashion to be a Christian, HE biennial meeting of the Na- tional Christian Council of India, and even the chiefs are joining the movement. 'i'he accuracy of the cen- held in November, marked, according sus returns was doubted, and it was to a writer in 'l'he Indian Witness, suggested that zealous Christian enu- "a definite and real step. ip advance merators might have made entries ac- in the matter of corporate, Christian cording to their own wishes rather thinking i~ the Indian Empire. Here than the faet". It was found, how- were sixty-eight aceredited delegates ever, that the case was rather the and visitors from the different parts reverse. The returns also show that of India, Burma and Ceylon who for in India eighty-two persons per 1,000 five days under the experienced lead"

are literate, that is able to write a ers-hip of the chairman, the Right Rev.

letter and to read one. The most F. Westcott, the; Bishop of Calcutta, literate area is Burma, where monastic devoted tll"lllSel";es to prayer, discus· education of an elementary character sion, and the ll1Q,~t careful considera- is traditional, and where 510 men and tion of problems pertaining to the 112 women per 1,000 are literate. Kingdom of GoeL "There were more

Indian delegates present than for- this talk increased the size of the au- merly, for under the new constitution dience which the next night heard half of the delegates at least must be him lecture on ' .Jesus Christ and Indian nationals……. Neyer before India's Problem of Unity.' "-Chris- has the Council devoted so much tian Work.

time, prayer and earnest considera- tion to th.. spiritual side of the work Eager Telugu Village… of the Church, and it was surely an A indication that there is a keener re- N Australian missionary among the Telugu people, South India, alization than eyer before of the need for a united emphasis on the truly writes of appeals :from various vil- spiritual message and life for the sal- lages to come and preach to them, and vation of India." continues: "After a terrible shaking Among the resolutions passed was for twelve miles in an Indian cart one calling on missions to provide over a bad road, I was resting for a specially trained workers to establish while, when two boys arrived with a "the closest and most fruitful con- note from a village seven miles away tacts" with the almost 69,000,000 which read, 'Please come to our vil- Moslems in India, Burma and Ceylon. lage.' For several days we had great gatherings right in the village temple.

South India.Unity Conference I do not remember seeing people more eagcr or more attentive. .After one ACONFERENCE representing the of the meetings the following petition various religious communities in was handed to me: South India was held in Madura in , Sir : Our village has about foUT hun· the late autumn along lines siniilar to dred families and we number about two those which made the gathering in thousand. Until now we never heard this Delhi described in the December gospel story. Noone ever came before to REYIEW so remarkable. Principal our village to preach this word. You are Lorbeer of the American Board Train- t he first to bring the message to us. We ing School in Pasumalai writes of it: believe that J csus Swami is our Saviour and " A friendly spirit pervaded the we beE~eth you to receive us and our chi!. whole mceting. People of many eastes (lren, teach us and baptize us, make no and creeds exchanged many forms of delay.

(signed) 15 names.'

greetings, but whether it was the Bible in Calcutta University hand-shake of Western practice, the T salaam of Islam, or the Brahman na- HE Bible is now a compUlsory subject for all candidates in the maskaram (bowing with two hands united as in the act of prayer) the preliminary and final B..A. examina- greeting was always cordial. A West- tions of Calcutta University. The fol- ern audience would have been sur- lowing questions set at a recent prised by the casual way in which examination prove that no merely su- folding chairs were set up, candles perficial knowledge will suffice; "Give were brought in, and the organizers in your own words an account of the were arranging the program, long betrayal, trial, and crucifixion of after the hour set for the meeting to Christ." "Give a general idea of the begin. The hall was packed to the teachings inculcated by St. PauL"

doors, but the two or three thousand One candidate came to one of the people were unusually quiet….. One C. M. S. women missionaries in Cal- of the Christian speakers was the cutta to borrow a Bengali Testament.

Y. M. C. A. sccretary, Mr. Popley. On returning the book he said that he He spoke in a dignified Tamil, quot- had read the whole of it and had ing pleasing proverbs which won for come to the conclusion that Jesus was him an eager' liearing. No speaker more than man; he asked for fur- was more applauded and I'm sure ther teaching.

1925J NEWS :E'ROM MANY LANDS

CHINA ed later. Early in December the cap- ture of a group of Catholic priests; The Nation's Chief Problems and nuns was reported, but the Asso- ciated Press later announced their- ARTHUR RUGH, Y. M. C. A. stu- safe arrival in Hankow. A cablegram dent secretary in China, writes received December 10th by the trusin interesting fashion in The Chris- tees in New York City of the Canton tian Century of "the varied reports Christian College read: that three representative groups made on China's condition. Seventy Chi- Saturday evening robbers captured the nese college students representing Canton Christian College launch, on board eight government and Christian col- which were thirty·six Chinese staff students leges of East China were one group. and visitors. The launch was returned duro Fifty-two missionaries in the Kuling ing the night. To date twenty·eight stu· summer school of religious education dents have heen restored. It is reported representing fifty-seven varieties of Ilere, and generally believed, all the others theology were another. Sixteen Chi- are in the hands of the military force pur· nese Christian leaders were a third. BUing the bandits. We are (Ioing our utmost The college students, after much dis- and will cable later. Foreigners are not cussion, named as China's three great- implicated. est pl'oblems, militarism, illiteracy and militaristic industrialism. The Kansu Workers Confer group composed of sixteen Chinese Christian leaders give one new hope I N Kansu Province, on the northfor China. They know their country west frontier of China, with its and its needs. They are real Chris- line of widely scattered mission statians and they are free in mind and tions, it was not easy in the earlier heart. After studying the hindrances -years for the missionaries to come to a rapid Christianizing of China together in conference. Six years ago they finally put at the head of their representatives of the China Inland list these three: (1) The unchristian Mission, the Christian and Missionary exploitation of China by Christian Alliance, and the Scandinavian Misnations; (2) The foreign mold of sionary Alliance, met together. At Christianity as it is presented in the 1924 conference, held at Titao, China; (3) The hard doctrines which fifty-three missionaries representing nlen are asked to accept before they seventeen stations were present. The can become Christians….. So the stu- native church was represented by dent says, militarism, illiteracy and forty ddegates. Kansu has missionmaterialism are the problems. The ary problems not found in other Chinese Christian says. 'Your religion provinces. Not only is the spiritual will need to be Chinafied before it will need of the Chinese to be met, but solve our problems.' The modern also that of Tibetans, Mongolians, missionary says, 'Go to it, Chinafy it aborigines, and to a far greater exuntil it works and we'll help you, and tent that of the 2,000,000 Moslems. t he best is yet to be.' " "Kansu has been a hard field to work," writes Rev. H. French Ridley, Chinese Bandit Activities "not owing to hostility, but to the sheer indifference of the people. At NEWSPAPER reports from China last the barren ground is beginning to nowadays deal largely with the bear fruit, and we trust the days of exploits of bandits. Late in Novem- an abundant harvest are near at hand. ber it was stated that two Scandina- -Record of Ckr-istian Work. vian-American women missionaries of the Augustana Synod in Juchow, Keeping Faith with Robbers Honan Province, who had remained at their posts when other foreigners ALEX BAXTER, of Canton Chrishad escaped, had been carried off by tian College, tells in the L. M. S. bandits, but their release was report- Chronicle this significant incident connected with the capture by bandits

of certain students in the college, and to have Soviet influence and is part the negotiations for thei1:" release: "It of a nation-wide movement attributed was arranged that the robber chief to the Bolshevist envoy at Peking." should visit the College to get our The authorities at Yale, however, had reply. The evening before his arrival received no report of any such diswas expected, a group of our Chinese turbance. teachers, headed by the man who was carrying on the negotiations, came to German Missions in China see me and advocated the plan that on the arrival of the robber leader we THE Liebenzeller Mission, Associ· should capture him and hold him as a ate Branch of the China Inland hostage for the release of our men. Mission reports that last year four Finding that our representative had more outstations were opened and promised this robber a safe return that the number of congregations from our campus, I naturally object- rose from 62 to 67 while 330 received ed to this proposaL I mention this baptism, and the number of Chrisbecause of the sequeL Some months tians rose from 2,522 to 2,734. The later I had an interview with the number of Chinese evangelists inman. He wished to become a Chris- creased from 43 to 54, and the Bible tian and join the Church. He told women from 22 to 24. 'rhe total me that the idea· that Christian mor- number is now greater than in 1920 ality meant. that we must keep our when churches first were obliged to word even when dealing with a rob- become self-supporting because of ber had not occurred to him before, lack of mission funds to help them. but he realized its truth and had gone Only three Chinese helpers out of home that night deeply impressed. the 78 are paid by the Mission, the Sueh a little incident, therefore, had rest elltirely or in part by the Chiled this man tocwards Christianity nese, the missionaries helping from and the Church." their poverty in a true spirit of sac- rifice which in one case meant only Reported Strike at Ya-Ii two meals a day.

AT Christmas time many news- There are in the stations 9 day papers printed two items, for which the Chieago Tribune was re- a schools and hoarding schools, besponsible, stating, first, that Yale College in China (generally known sides a Blind School, a Medical School as Ya-li) had "been closed by a strike and two Orphanages, altogether 16 of students against the American self-supporting schools with 690 pu- Faeulty. 1'he walkout was due to the pils. 'rhere are also 8 Sunday-schools, insistence by the teachers on Bible with 4,18 children, and 4 Young Peostudy being included in the scheduled pie's Societies with 204 members. hours, which the students regard as Medical help was given in two hosan Rrbitrp,),y imposition of Western pitals, 13 dispensaries and four opium beliefs upon the Chinese. The strike refuges, all self-supporting, and in began in the high school department, 49,300 single treatments. The Chiextending to the college." The later nese contributed for the Lord's work report was that the striking students $5,180.00 silver as against $4,940.00 "had appealed to the Provincial As- in 1922. sembly and the Hunan Educational Board for transfer to Southeastern About 50 adult evangelical German University at Nanking. The students missionaries in Central China, with have the backing of the Anti-Imperi- their 35 children are members of the alist Association and are forming all JJiebenzell Mission, an Associate Misorganization for recovering eduea- sion of the China Inland Mission. tionill rights in China. . T.his is said Theil' dir~ need is due to the fact that the German" mark" has entire- ly rallied in value. The German China Alliance, in Kiang-si Province, con- sists of 25 adults and 15 children who.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

are in a similar plight. They ask for chased some type and a small foot the prayers of American Christians. printing press and started a card They are greatly needed in dark Hu- printing shop. There was plenty of nan and Kiang-si Provinces for they work for them owing to lack of printare two faithful, godly bands.-Allen ing facilities following the disaster, Noah Cameron, Changsha, China. and they worked day and night until they had saved enough money to rent JAPAN-KOREA a lot for a church. Estimates made by a carpenter for the construction New Y. W. C. A. Building in Tokyo of a church according to their plan called for yen 3,000, while their fund A NEW Y. W. C. A. building on the barely reached yen 1,500. ruins of the 1923 earthquake has been completed at Tokyo, Japan. Mr. Tanaka, a young carpenter in Americans contributed $250,000 to- Honjo, who is an admirer of Kagawa, ward the restoration of Y. W. C. A. well-known Christian social worker, property in Tokyo and Yokohama heard of the difficulty of the printers following the earthquake. Of this and volunteered to build the church amount $7.500 was used for this new for them for yen 1,500. The first building, which cost in all yen 30,000 floor of the building will be used for or $15,000. Yen 10,000 was contrib- an office, printing shop, dining room uted by the Tokyo Chamber of Com- and typesetting room, while the secmerce. Since the earthquake, Y. W. ond floor will be used for bedrooms C. A. work has been carried on from and studies. On Sundays, the second temporary headquarters in a hut. floor is to be converted into a hall for The new building is only semi-per- Christian services. manent, built in barrack fashion. The first floor, divided into a living room WOlnen's College for Korea and dining room, serves also as an assembly hall. The second floor is THE dedication on September 20th devoted to classrooms. No gymna- of forty-five acres of land near the sium is provided but a vacant lot on Chosen Christian College in Seoul, which the former Y. W. C. A. build- intended as the site of a college for ing stood is utilized for games, with women, was a great event in the hisan army tent serving as dressing tory of Christian education in Korea. quarters. Plans are being made for A committe" of both Korean and fora permanent building in the distant eign Christian leaders tried for about future. The Imperial Government of five years to secure the funds neces- Japan has already' donated $5,000. sary to purchase this land, which was on the market, but met with no suc- Printers Build Church cess. On Noyember 1, 1923, at a great missionary meeting in America, Miss A REMARKABLE story comes Helen Kim, an Ewha College gradu- through the J apam Advertiser of ate, pleaded for a gift for this purseven Japanese young men, who be- pose. None of her hearers responded fore September, 1923, were employed to the appeal, but on that very day in a pearl factory. They are Chris- some tourists visited Ewha Haktang tians and a warm friendship grew and, hearing of the need, proIDJised up among them. vVhen they were dis- more than enough to buy it. The charged with Reventy-six fellow work- money came promptly. Then folers following the earthquake, they lowed tiresome negotiations until agreed to work out their destiny to- July, when the purchase was comgether according to the Christian pleted. The Korean preachers and faith. They decided to give up a busi- missionaries, and students from ness that caters to extravagance and Ewha, gathered on that September agreed _to be printers. With their afternoon with hearts full of praise savings. aM dismissal allowances for a simple service of thanksgiving given them by the company thc,y .pur-

and consecration. This property is the first time one Buddhist Sundaybeing held in readiness for the time, school association in Takata sent two it is hoped not long distant, when the delegates to this training school. The Christian forces in Korea will unite daily program included a twentyto give to the women of this land a minute devotional period and an worthy opportunity for higher edu- hour's lecture on the apostolic age. cation. .After these Buddhists returned home, they sent a hearty letter of apprecia- Aims of Korean Girls tion for what they had heard and for the friendly treatment they had re- THE Woman's Foreign Missionary ceived. In the closing session one of Society of the Methodist Church them made a short speech of thanks couducts a girls' school at Pyeng- and said that although he had attendyang, Kurea, of which the principal, ed a summer school given by his own Miss Grace L. Dillingham, writes: sect every year, he wanted to come "If you had asked me four years ago again to this Christian training what our special purpose was in main- school. taining a girls' high school, I think I should probably have answered, 'To Korean Revival Methods prepare Christian girls .better as wives and mothers, and send out a REV. FLOYD E. H.AMILTON, few primary teachers.' If you ask Presbyterian m iss ion a l' y at the same qu€stion now, I shall scarce- Pyengyang, Korea, writes of some ly know what to say, so diverse are unusual features in a revival which the ambitions of the girls who come recently occurred in a poor commuto us, and especially of those who nity on the outskirts of the city: leave after four years' awakening. "There is a unique Christian organi- One thing I know. Our purpose is zation in PyeJlgyang. The Christian more than ever to develop Christian laboring men of the city have formed leaders, but the field of work for an evangelistic preaching band. The women is fast broadening in the men themselves do the preaching, and Orient. Twenty-four girls were the funds for their expenses are prograduated last year. Seven of these vided by cuntributions given by the are teaching in primary schools, two members of the band. This preachhave entered the Kindergarten Nor- ing band decided that there ought to mal School; two are taking nurses' be a church among: these poor people training in our Union Hospital Train- along the bank of the Po Tong River, ing SchooL" so they set about establishing it. Several of their number began to do Buddhists Like Christian School personal work among the people and before long a little group was started. THE Eighth .Annual Summer Later, during a week of special meet- Training School for Sunday-school ings, 150 promised to believe, and on workers in Karuizawa, is reported to the Sunday following the revival, inhave been very successful, in spite of cluding the children, there were 350 the absence at the World's Convention people at Sunday-schooL Probably in Glasgow of the two principal Japa- one explanation of the fact that so nese secretaries and H. E. Coleman, many new believers have remained Educational Secretary of the World's faithful iR that we made the persons Sunday School .Association, who who brought them to the first serviee started the school. For the :first time responsible for getting them out to a Japanese :woman lectured in one of church afterward, and in addition dithe full ten-hour courses. The theme vided the whole district into six secof Miss Nada, Ph.D., of Columbia tions with a man and woman in was "Child Psychology" and she was charge of each section, to keep bringsaid to be "wonderfully good." For ing the new believers out." uSW east cue ~"U4Ai"""UiAi""'iiii>iftl"

NOTE.-A ny books mentioned in English Baptist Mission at Sianfu.

these pages will be sent from the office Of the notable men at one time on its of the REVIEW on receipt of listed staff of physicians, Dr. Young was price, postage prepaid. the strongest on the evangelistic side and also in his determination to Andrew Young of Shensi: Adventure in do his full duty to patients dis- Medical Missions. J. C. Keyte. IIlus. tant as well as near. Here floods, 313 pp. 68. London. 1924. bandits, disease, including typhus of The author of "The Passing of the which he and the two other medicals Dragon" and "In China Now" has finally died, were frequent experi- already won friends and was for ences. His calmness in all times of many years a China colleague and in- peril and danger and his zeal for timate friend of Dr. Young. China administering "the double cure,"

and medical missionary work Mr. especially the cure of souls, are ex- Keyte knows equally well; and hence plainable only because of the life hid this volume gives us a view of that with Christ in God which was an outcountry in it~ birth throes as a Re- standing characteristic of the man.

public, and also an exposition of Med- Dr. Kenneth Mackenzie and Harold ical Missions. The secondary title of Scofield were parallels in these re- the book is due to the many adven- spects. Amid all the trials and dep- tures involved in the revolutionary rivations of his interrupted family overthrow of the Manchu Dynasty life, neither husband or wife lost their and the later outcome of that event, cheer and. sunny confidence in the the greatest thrills being found in ever-present Saviour.

Chapter X, the section entitled. A feature of this volume which de- "Hunted on the Hills." This equals serves especial commendation is the post-Boxer miracles of escape. author's eminently true and tactful Dr. Young was a Scot, with a con- way of dealing with Chinese weak- science· and will which were indom- nesses-always as natural and jus- itably set on fulfilling duty at all tifiable as in Occidentals-and espe- costs. His life was always guided by cially in his beautiful delineations of the Bible, which he studied as his their points of strength. Thus the spiritual leaders, Drs. Campbell Mor- character of Mr. Ts'aoand of the gan and Arthur T. Pierson and to scarcely· less admirable Mr. Shih as some extent Dwight L. Moody, in- they scorned peril and possible de- p.lined him to do; and that was the motion that they might give them- theology which he used so effectively selves to their helpless hunted friends and eagerly in his teaching of Congo on the Shensi hills and in the uncom- natives and Chinese scholars alike. fortable pit where they were so long The African section of the volume concealed. The other interpretations depicts the usual "bricks without of Chinese faithfulness, even when the straw" procedure of many missions, subject was seemingly hopeless as a which made Young a clever worker in man who "squeezed" beyond meas- various lines, with so few to help that ure, often reach the point of richly he was a. prey to repeated attacks of deserved eulogy of a race which has blackwater fever. These at last drove been constantly depicted on its seamy him back to Scotland. On recovering side, with no attempt to picture the he carried out his plan of becoming a saintliness lying back of rough experi- qualified medical missionary and went ences and outwardly unpromising to China to take up work under the conditions. H. P. B.

155 Blue Tiger. Harry R. Caldwell. 12roo. from the earliest settlements. The 261pp. New York. 1924. religious life of a country such as ours How could a Tennessee rifle prove a means of advancing the knowledge is like a great river which has received of the Christian God in the heart of Asia? The story is well told by a innumerable tributaries. Few of us missionary who has lived and worked in China for twenty-four years. In- know what manifold and divers terest in flowers and living things helped. A knowledge of God and a streams have contributed to the love for men helped most of all-but these are taken for granted. Mr. volume of the spiritual currents which Caldwell describes many incidents in his life where his powerful 22 calibre flow about us. In addition to the conrifle, a cocoon or some animal or plant were used as a point of contact in tributions made by the Puritans in preaching Christ. There are also interesting experiences with Roy Chap- New England and by the Quakers in man Andrews, the naturalist; stories of "mystery cats," and temple bats, Pennsylvania, the Dutch in New of Chinese puzzles, of wild goats, of a wild boar-anp. bandits. All are York and the Roman Catholics in interesting imd have a missionary significance. The chapters are good for Maryland. There have been innumerreading aloud in missionary meetings or in the family circle. able other elements. We cannot un- Missionary Lore for Children. derstand the progress of religion in Livi'ngstone of Africa. C. T. Bedford. America until we know the religious John Wil/)imM of the SiYUth Sea Islands. experiments, movements and adven- Norman .T. Davidson. Bishop Bompa,. of the Fro",en North. tures which have taken place here and Nigel B. M, Grahame. there as the stream of religious influ- 12mo. 60 pages each. 65 cents each. ence has widened and deepened with New York. 1924. the years. This book is really a re- Heroic missionaries make a strong appeal to children. 'fhe lives of ad- markably clear and comprehensive venture here described are full of thrills for juniors, but these biogra- study in origins. The chapters on phies are not particularly well adapted for that age. Of the three "Adventures in Altruism" and "Sohere chronicled Bishop Bompas is least known in the United States. He cializing Religion" are particularly went from England to Northwest Canada. The little volumes are bet- valuable, though that on "Spiritualizter suited to furnish material for teachers than for children's reading. ing Religion" strikes the highest note.

The History of Religion in the United The possibilities of the future appear States. Henry KaJloch Rowe. 8yo. 201 pp. and index. $1.75. New York. 1924. all the greater when viewed in the The Professor of Social Science and light of the past. c. c. A. History in the Newton Theological Institution has not given us an ecclesi- The Students' Historical Geography of the astical history, written from a cler- Holy Land. William Walter Smith. 12 ical point of view, but treats the mo. $2.00 net. New York. 1924. religiOl:lSphases 0:1' American history Forty-one excellent maps, one hun- dred small hali-tone pictures from photographs, sixty pages of good de- scriptive matter, a key to the events in Christ's earthly life, a list of avail- able books, maps, pictures and ma- terials for hand work, and a series of questions and suggestions for hand work in connection with each chapter, make this a very useful volume for teachers and students. Dr. Smith is the secretary of the New York Sunday School Commission of the Protestant Episcopal Church.

Hawaii, the :Rainbow Land. Katherine Pope. 8 vo. 364 PI'. $3.00, Thomas Y. Crowell Co. New York. 1924.

The "Paradise of the Pacific" is described here by one who knows and loves the islands and their people. Miss Pope lived there for'ten years,

MISSIONARY LIBRARY

taught history to Hawaiian girls, and terial form from its inward spiritual gathered interesting information on principle in every activity of life." the history, legends, customs and The effect of this divorce manifests superstitions. The result is a popular itself most strongly in industry, in and 'Sympathetic account of the education and in the general'inter- Hawaiians past and present, with pretation of life. The remedy for this songs translated, conversations tran- gituation is to be found only in t~e scribed, incidents graphically told Christian doctrine of God as revealed and characters portrayed. The work in Jesus Christ. The writers do not of Christian missionaries is very tell us at what period of time Chris- briefly but sympathetically described. tendom will attain the ideal, but they The photographic illustrations are look forward to the establishment of good, but there is no index. the ideal Kingdom described in the New Testament.

The Return of Christendom. Various The value of the volume would have Writers. 252 pp. $1.75. New York. been increased by the use of the lan- 1922. guage of the New Testament rather These thought-provoking essays are than the language of the· Creeds. by a group of English churchmen who While one will not find himself in are decidedly in sympathy with the full agreement with all of the conprotests of the increasing number of tentions of these essays, nevertheless men and women against the selfish in- he will be thankful for most of the dividualism and materialism of our main contentions. day. The writers seek to discover the J. Me D.

cause of the present distressing world Erromanga, the Martyr Isle.

conditions and also to suggest a The cannibal archipelagos in the remedy. South Pacific have furnished fascina- Like all such efforts these essays are ting, challenging tales of adventure stronger and more definite in their and achievement. Among the Greatdiagnosis than in their prescription. While they show much sympathy with hearts of modern missions who have the protest of modern radicalism, they been the pioneers to those remote spots entirely repudiate Marxian socialism are the. missionaries to "Erromanga as an effective solution. From the be- the Martyr Isle." There is real roginning to the end this volume is a mance in the experiences of the clear-cut challenge to all the prevail- sandal-wood traders, the death of the "Apostle of Polynesia," John Wiling theories as to the cause and the liams, and his companion, James cure of modern social ills. Harris, by the clubs of the savages, Bishop Gore, in his introduction, and in every other chapter. Rev. and gives a clear, definite and fair ap- Mrs. John Geddie went to the New praisal of the contents of the volume, Hebrides in 1846, sent out by the which treats in succession of Christen- Presbyterians of Nova Scotia. In dom in relation to modern society, the ] 861, Rev. George N. Gordon and return of dogma, the return of "The Mrs. Gordon were killed by the axes Kingdom of God," the obstacle of in- of Uhuvili and Voeu, and later James dustrialism, the moralization of prop- Gordon, who went out to take his erty, the failure of Marxisll, and .the brother's place, met the same fate.

Kingdom of God and the Church to- The author, Rev. H, A. Robertson, day. went from Nova Scotia in 1864 and The primary cause of the present for twoscore years labored victoriously world conditions is found "in the at- among the eannibals of those islands.

tempt to organize the life of man He tells the story of the island with apart from God." The writers show all its romance and adventure of mis- that this effort has manifested itself sionary life among cannibals. The "in the divorce of the outward ma- mysterious power of the Gospel to

tame and transform cruel, blood- conservative point of view which maintains that God revealed His law thirsty, naked savages into kindly, and His great purposes to men who recorded these revelations in their own decent Christians, clothed and in their words for the benefit of their con- temporaries and for the generation to right minds, is demonstrated all follow.

through this thrilling narrative. It Fully Furnished. F. E. Marsh. 8vo. 390 pp. 48, 6d. Glasgow. 1924. is a mighty apologetic-a tremendous argument for the missionary enter- prise. The" Martyr Isle" has been won for Christ. A. C. A.

Down Through the Ages. Frank E. These thirty-four practical scrip- Gaebelein. 12 mo. 106 pp. 1924. tural studies for Christian workers The Principal of Stony Brook take up such subjects as the worker's School for Boys has written an ex- assurance, authority, consecration, ceedingly readable and helpful story theme, enemy, reward, etc. They are of the English Bible. It is an account essentially Bible readings with many of how the Bible came into existence, practical illustrations and offer many by whom it was written, the original helpful hints to ministers and mistext, translations, and various vicis- sion workers.

situdes through which it passed up to Some Modern Problems in the Light of the time of the King James version. :Bible Prophecy. Christabel Pankhurst. The last two chapters show the Bible 12mo, 192 pp. $1.50. New York. 1924. to be at the "pinnacle of literature" and full of divine power. Those who From a militant suffragette in accept this vJew of the Scriptures have British national affairs, Miss Pankno difficulty over Higher Criticism or hurst has become an earnest student modern disputed theological dogmas. of the signs of the times as related to The Bible is. their final authority on biblical prophecy and the Kingdom all such matters. of God. She presents many stirring facts and shows a devout Christian Religious Educa~ion Survey Schedules. faith. Hcr studies relating to war, Prepared by Walter S. Athearn. 271 pp. labor, women, Zionism, Romanism and $5.00. 1924. the Second Coming are interesting This is the third technical volume and illuminating whether or not one of schedules, tables and questions pre- agrees with her at all points. pared by Professor Athearn and is the result of a survey of Indiana churches, I scout organizations, homes, community enterprises, etc. It will be very Christ Pre-eminent. W. H. Griffith-Thomas. valuable to other states undertaking 125 pp. $1.00. Chicago. 1923. a similar survey. Such a survey calls for more thorough work than most These twenty-three studies in the communities will be willing to under- Epistle to the Colossians emphasize take, especially since the facts so soon the title of the book taken from Col. become out of date. There is, how- 1: 18. It is an excellent outline ever, need of thorough work in re- study with very brief treatment of each chapter so that the volume can be considered as hardly more than an introduction to the epistle. H. A. A.

ligious education. Charles Lemuel Thompson. An Autobiog- raphy edited by Elizabeth Osborn Thomp- The Divine Inspiration of the :Bible. W. son. Portrait. 8vo. 289 pp. $2.50. E. Vine. 12 mo. 28, 6'a. 1924. New York. 1924.

No extreme "dictation" theory of The work of Home Missions in the inspiration is here presented, but a United States owes much to Dr.

study of the teachings of the Bible on Thompson, who worked for Christ the subject. Objections are carefully and America for three quarters of 'a considered and answered from the century as a pastor, secretary of the

1925J MISSIONARY LIBRARY

Presbyterian Board and President of characters (twelve speaking parts), the Home Missions Council. He was also an orator, a poet and an author with vocal and instrumental music. of real ability. He has here told his The time required is from one hour oWn life-story with modesty but with to one hour and a half. It will make purpose and power. His contacts a good Christmas program. with many other noble Christian men and women add much interest to the The Amateur Poster-maker. Jeanette E. record of his own experiences and Perkins. 64 pages. Flexible paper bindobservations. ing. The Pilgrim Press. Boston. 1924.

Theological Education in America. Robert Training in the Auburn School of L. Kelly. Illustrations and Maps. 8vo. Religious Education and studies in 456 pp. $5.00 net. 1924. the United States and abroad have made Miss Perkins an expert in poster The graduates of our theological making, lettering, designing and illuinstitutions are the religious trainers minating. Her practical experience of the coming generations. It is of in Church School and community great importance, therefore, to know pl~yground.work enables her, through how they are being prepared for their thiS book With more than 50 practical work. Dr. Kelly, executive secretary illustrations, to give first aid to amaof the Council of Church Boards of teur poster makers who are not na- Education, ha~ investigated one hun- turally qnalified to do artistic and dred and sixty-one theological schools effective work in this line. K. s. C. in North America, including evangelical Protestant, Unitarian, Greek A Mosaic of Missionary Methods. Fitted Catholic and undenominational, with together by Stanl~y Sowt~n. 156 pages. from two students (Seventh-Day Baptist) to 7fiS students (Southern Bap- Wesleyan MethoflIst Mlsslonary Society. tist). The survey includes equip- 24 Bishopgate, London. E. C. 2. ment, finances, requirements, curriculum, libraries, methods and general These are especially methods for information, but docs not disclose the practical outworking of the various British Wesleyans In the Circuit, In ideals and methods. The study reveals a general lack of attention to the Local Church, in the Sunday practical subjects as distinct from theoretical. More seminaries are School, In the Villages, In the Anninow, however, introducing courses in rural problems, sociology, economics, versary, In Summer Time In Educaeducation, missions and evangelism. tion, In Intercession, in· Finance The Way of Peace, a Pageant. Laura Scherer Copenhaver, Katharine Scherer among Laymen, Among Auxiliary Cr()nk and Ruth M()ngry Worrell. Pam· phlet. 25 cents. Lutheran Headquarters. Forces, In the District At the Mis- 721 Muhlenberg Building, Philadelphia. 1924. sion House, etc. ' K . S. C.

Anything from these authors is sure Protestantism-Its Principles and Reasons to be well done, from a literary and R. Ditterich. Pamphlet. 64 pp. 30 eent~ a spiritual point of view, and at the net. 1924. same time effective. This little pageant presents the Christian solution of The president of the Australian the war problem as opposed to the Protestant Federation here gives a militaristic, the industrial, the scien- clear statement of the differences betific and the educational. The pageant tween Roman Catholic and Protestant calls for from fifty to twO· hundred claims, beliefs and practice, and tests them by Bible teachings and by his- tory and experience.

The High Way. Caroline Atwater Mason. 382 pp. $2.00. Fleming H. Revell Co. New York. 1923.

This is not only a good story, well to~d, but it has a timely message for thiS day of chaotic religious ideas. The author champions the basic teach- ings of the New Testament in. a way

that will strengthen faith and should Torchbearers in China. Basil Mathews, help to bring about a return to "the and Arthur E. Southon. 12 mo. 186 pp. old paths wherein is the good way." 50 cents and 75 cents. 1924. The novel is a classic in the field of apologetics, and may be heartily This is the popular young people's textbook on China, prepared for recommended to young people who British study classes and published are passing through a period of doubt also in America. It is a well-written, and are tempted to unbelief. interesting story of the efforts to plant Christianity in China-among the H. H.F. aborigines, in Tibet and Manchuria, The Divinity of Our Lord. Cauon H. P. in the villages and the cities. The Liddon. 12 mo. 216 pp. 28, Od. 1924. biographical and human interest ele- ment is strong but the divine power In these days of wavering faith and and guidance are very evident. It is theological controversy, it is ex- a book to stimulate faith and win cotremely helpful to have Canon Lid- operation in the evangelization of don's well-known Bampton Lectures China. on thc Divinity (or Deity) of Our Lord and Saviour, Jesus Christ.

Though these eight lectures were By a Way They Knew Not. Mary Bennett given at Oxford sixty years ago they Harrison. 12mo. 91 pp. New York. are true and convincing today as they 1924. were when delivered-at least to those who accept the truth of the Bible This story 0:1' Barnabas and the record. Canon Liddon takes up in a days of Christ on earth would be betscholarly way the evidences for Jesus' ter if it adhered to facts. The author deity as found in the Old Testament, even makes the wise men appear in in the Gospels and the writings of the Bethlehem on the night of the na· early Apostles. Then he describes the tivity and causes a lame boy to be consequences of the acceptance or de- healed by seeing the Babe in the manger.

nial 0:1' this doctrine. Ministers and The. Kingdom Without Frontiers. Hugh other students will find the volume of Martin. 91 pp. Ilnd indices. $1.00. New particular value. York. 1924. .

The sub-title, "The Witness of the Making a Missionary Church. Stacy R. Bible to the Missionary Purpose of Warburton. 12 mo. $1.75 net. 1924. God, " is a clear indication of its pur- Every truly live Christian church pose. It was doubtless designed to be is a missionary church. To serve is used as a textbook in mission study the essential principle of Christianity. classes in churches and among college A church that does not witness to students and others who are moving Christ and serve mankind may have a towards the world-outlook of Christ.

name to live, but it is dead. Wide- Questions for discussion on each chap- awake church leaders who are looking ter are designed to bring out the sa- for suggestions as to how to enlist lient points in the argUment that others in missionary work will find Christianity was meant to be and is a here valuable suggestions as to a prac- universal religion, "worthy of all ac- tical program for a whole church and ceptation"; that is to say, has the other plans for training church universal elements worthy of accepta- officers, parents, the Sunday-school tion by all men of all countries in all and young people. Some very useful ages. Mr. Martin's book, whether hints are given on education, dramas, read consecutively or studied and dis- socials, sermons, giving, prayers and cussed chapter by chapter, is a help recruiting for the field. Erroneous to that world view which we all must ideas and false methods are pointed acquire before we can have fellowship out and are corrected by the pointing with the Master whose mental horizon out of true principles and right meth- transcended all racial, social and geo- ods. It is a valuable book. graphical boundary lines. c. c. A.